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							Issue
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											E3S Web Conf.
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<div><strong>Volume </strong>677, 2025				</div>
				
					                The 3<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> International Conference on Disaster Mitigation and Management (3<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> ICDMM 2025)
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					Article Number
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<td>06015</td>
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					Number of page(s)
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<td>7</td>
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<th>Section</th>
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<td>Physical Infrastructure Management and Recovery</td>
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<th>DOI</th>
<td></td>
<td>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202567706015">
					https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202567706015
				</a>
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<th>Published online</th>
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				12 December 2025
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## Evaluating the slope stability on shallow landslide using geographic information system (GIS)

Siti Marissa Abd Rahim1*, Ahmad Safuan A Rashid1, Mohd Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman2, Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan2, Mohd Radhie Salleh1, Wardatul Ahmar Abdul Manan1 and Khairun Nissa Mat Said1

1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Landslides are natural disasters that have potential to severely hurt a country's economy. In Malaysia, many conventional roads are constructed across mountainous terrain, where landslides on man-made embankments or roadside cut slopes have disrupted critical transportation networks and resulted in property loss, fatalities, infrastructure damage, and community displacement, thereby worsening the economic impacts. Although several studies have assessed landslide losses using different approaches, limited research has focused on how groundwater development affects slope stability due to the complex nature of landslides and their diverse geological settings. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate slope stability and generate a Factor of Safety (FOS) map for shallow landslides along roadside slopes in Cameron Highlands using a Geographic Information System (ArcGIS). FOS values range from 0.6–3.2 for fully saturated conditions, 0.9–4.3 for partially saturated conditions, and 1.2–5.6 for dry conditions. The fully saturated state indicates unstable slopes within the study area, and a significant decrease in FOS occurs when transitioning from dry to saturated conditions. The landslide susceptibility map also shows high hazard levels along Jalan Simpang Pulai with FOS between 0.6 and 0.8 due to rising groundwater levels. Overall, the developed FOS maps support land-use planning and landslide risk mitigation.

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2025

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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