# Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Khemraj Bairwa, Snehasis Jana

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Khemraj Bairwa, et al. Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 2 (5), pp.100162. hal-01442750

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# Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi<fnref n="1" />, Alice Branton<fnref n="1" />, Dahryn Trivedi<fnref n="1" />, Gopal Nayak<fnref n="1" />, Khemraj Bairwa<fnref n="2" /> and Snehasis Jana<fnref n="2" />*

## Abstract

Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of MNE. The study was carried out in two groups i.e., control and treated. The treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Afterward, the control and treated samples of MNE were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD study exhibited the decrease in average crystallite size by 30.70%. The surface area analysis showed 5.32% decrease in surface area of the treated sample with respect to the control. The DSC thermogram of treated MNE exhibited no significant change in the melting temperature; however, the latent heat of fusion was slightly increased (0.83%) after biofield treatment as compared to the control sample. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 158°C in the control sample that was reduced to 124°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 21.52% decrease in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated MNE as compared to the control. Similarly, the end-set temperature of thermal degradation was also reduced by 13.51% after biofield treatment with respect to the control. The FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any changes in the wavenumber and wavelength, respectively in treated MNE with respect to the control. Overall, the XRD, surface area and thermal analysis suggest that biofield treatment has the impact on physical and thermal properties of the treated MNE as compared to the control.

**Keywords:** Methyl-2-naphthyl ether; Biofield energy; X-ray diffraction; Surface area analysis; Differential scanning calorimetry; Thermogravimetric analysis

## Abbreviations

MNE: Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether; NCCAM: National Center For Complementary And Alternative Medicine; XRD: X-Ray Diffraction; DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry; TGA: Thermogravimetric Analysis; DTA: Differential Thermal Analysis; DTG: Derivative Thermogravimetry; FT-IR: Fourier Transforms Infrared

## Introduction

Naphthalene has been described as new class of potent antimicrobials against wide range of human pathogens. It occupies a central place among biologically active compounds owing to its varied and exciting antibiotic properties with less toxicity [1]. Numerous naphthalene containing antimicrobial drugs are existing like naftifine, nafacillin, terbinafine, tolnaftate, etc. that plays vital role against microbial infections [2,3]. Further, the naphthalene derivatives like naproxen, nabumetone were also studied in depth as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They are mainly nonselective inhibitor of two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform i.e., COX-1 and COX-2 [4,5]. Moreover, the structurally relative naphthalene derivatives lower the parathyroid level by binding to calcium receptor on the parathyroid gland. Thus, it helps to regulate hyperparathyroidism especially in kidney disease or parathyroid gland neoplasm [6]. Based on the importance of naphthalene derivative as a main moiety for organic synthesis of several pharmaceutical drugs, it is advantageous to find out the alternate approach that can enhance the physicochemical and thermal properties of naphthalene derivative i.e., methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE). Recently, an alternate treatment approach i.e., healing therapy or therapeutic touch, known as the biofield energy treatment, which was reported in several fields. The National Institute of Health/ National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NIH/ NCCAM) conceived the biofield energy treatment in subcategory of energy therapies (putative energy fields) [7,8]. The biofield treatment is

being used in healing process to reduce pain, anxiety and to promote the overall health of human being [9,10]. Biofield is an electromagnetic field that permeates and surrounds living organisms. This biologically produced electromagnetic and subtle energy field regulates the various physiological and communications functions within the human organism [11]. Researchers have attempted different biological studies and effects of biofield on various biomolecules such as proteins, antibiotics [12], bacterial cultures [13], and conformational change in DNA [14]. Prakash et al. reported that various scientific instruments such as Kirlian photography, resonance field imaging (RFI) and polycontrast interference photography (PIP) could be extensively used to measure the biofield of human body [15]. Thus, the human has the ability to harness the energy from the environment or Universe and transmit it to any living or nonliving object on the Globe. The object(s) receive the energy and respond into the useful way; this process is termed as biofield treatment. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield energy treatment is known as The Trivedi Effect. Recently, biofield energy treatment has been described as an alternative method to alter the physicochemical and thermal properties of several metals and ceramics [16-18]. It has also reported to alter the spectroscopic properties of various pharmaceutical drugs like paracetamol, piroxicam, metronidazole, and tinidazole [19,20]. Moreover, the biofield treatment has been studied in

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462026 Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: 91-755-6660006; E-mail: publication@trivedisrl.com

Received September 07, 2015; Accepted September 14, 2015; Published September 20, 2015

**Citation:** Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Bairwa K, et al. (2015) Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 162. doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000162

**Copyright:** © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

<footnote n="1">¹Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462026, Madhya Pradesh, India</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1:** XRD diffractograms of methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2:** Crystallite size of control and treated methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>

determined using BET surface area analyzer and data are presented in Figure 3. The surface area of the control and treated sample was observed as 0.4904 m²/g and 0.4643 m²/g, respectively. The result showed a considerable decrease in surface area i.e., 5.32% in the treated MNE as compared to the control sample. It is assumed that biofield energy treatment possibly induced the disappearance of inter-particle boundaries that may lead to the aggregation of particles and thus increase in particle size [30]. Presumably, this increase in particle size might lead to decrease in surface area of the treated sample.

## DSC analysis

DSC analysis was performed to determine the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion (ΔH) of the control and treated MNE. DSC thermograms (Figure 4) of MNE showed the melting temperature at 73.72°C in the control and 73.66°C in the treated sample (Table 1). The

result depicted no significant change in melting temperature of treated sample as compared to the control. The melting temperature of control MNE was well supported by literature data [31]. DSC thermogram exhibited the ΔH of 147.49 J/g in control sample and 148.72 J/g in treated sample of MNE. The result showed about 0.83% increase in latent heat of fusion of treated sample as compared to the control. It is hypothesized that biofield energy treatment may cause absorption of energy during the phase transition from solid to liquid that might lead to increase the latent heat of fusion of treated sample with respect to the control. Previously, our group has reported that biofield energy treatment altered the value of latent heat of fusion in lead and tin powders [7].

## TGA-DTG analysis

The TGA and DTG thermograms of control and treated samples of MNE are shown in Figure 5 and data are reported in Table 1. The onset temperature of thermal degradation was observed at 158°C and 124°C for the control and treated samples, respectively. Whereas, the end-set temperature of thermal degradation was found at 201°C and 178°C in the control and treated sample, respectively. The result showed about 21.52% decrease in the onset temperature and 11.44% decrease in the end-set temperature in treated sample with respect to the control. The percent weight loss during thermal decomposition was 63.41% in the control and 59.18% in the treated sample. It showed the decrease in % weight loss during thermal decomposition after biofield treatment. Based on this, it is presumed that biofield treated MNE may be more stable as compared to the control. The DTG thermogram exhibited the T<sub>max</sub> (the temperature at which the sample lost its maximum weight) at 177.81°C in the control sample and at 153.78°C in the treated sample of MNE. The result revealed about 13.51% decrease in T<sub>max</sub> of treated sample with respect to the control. This decrease in T<sub>max</sub> in treated sample might be due to increase in vaporization or volatilization [32] of treated MNE molecules after biofield energy treatment. It might be correlated with the alteration in internal energy through biofield energy treatment that results into earlier vaporization in treated sample as compared to the control.

## FT-IR spectroscopic analysis

FT-IR spectra of the control and treated samples of MNE (Figure 6) were inferred using the theoretically predicted wavenumber. The aromatic =C-H stretching peak was assigned at 3007-3057 cm⁻¹ in all three samples i.e., the control and treated (T1 and T2). Likewise, the -C-H (methyl) stretching was attributed to peak at 2962 cm⁻¹ in all three samples i.e., the control and treated (T1 and T2). The aromatic C=C stretching of naphthyl moiety was appeared in the region of 1508-

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3:** Surface area analysis of control and treated methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4:** DSC thermograms of control and treated methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>

<table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Control</th><th>Treated</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Latent heat of fusion (J/g)</td><td>147.49</td><td>148.72</td></tr><tr><td>Melting point (°C)</td><td>73.72</td><td>73.66</td></tr><tr><td>Onset temperature (°C)</td><td>158.00</td><td>124.00</td></tr><tr><td>End-set temperature (°C)</td><td>201.00</td><td>178.00</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>max</sub> (°C)</td><td>177.81</td><td>153.78</td></tr></tbody></table>

T<sub>max</sub>: temperature at maximum weight loss occurs

<caption>**Table 1:** Thermal analysis of control and treated samples of methyl-2-naphthylether.</caption>
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5:** TGA-DTG thermograms of control and treated methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6:** FT-IR spectra of control and treated (T1 and T2) methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>
1631 cm⁻¹ in all the control and treated samples. The C-H asymmetrical bending peaks were observed at 1462-1475 cm⁻¹ in the control and T1 sample; whereas, this peak was observed at 1452-1475 cm⁻¹ region in T2 sample. In addition, the C-H symmetrical bending peak was observed at 1350 cm⁻¹ in all three samples. The C-O stretching for ether linkage was observed at 1030 cm⁻¹ in the control and the T2 sample while 1031 cm⁻¹ in the T1 sample. The C-H in-plane deformation peaks were observed at the frequency region of 1172-1259 cm⁻¹, whereas the C-H out of plane deformation peaks were observed at 742-837 cm⁻¹ in all three samples. The observed FT-IR spectra were well supported with the literature data [33].

## Uv-Vis spectroscopy

The UV spectra of control and treated (T1 and T2) samples are shown in Figure 7. The UV spectrum of control MNE exhibited the

three different absorption maxima (λ<sub>max</sub>) at 225.4, 270.4, and 327.2 nm. The UV spectrum of T1 sample showed the similar pattern of λ<sub>max</sub> i.e., at 224.4, 270.4, and 327.2 nm. Whereas, the T2 sample sample exhibited the λ<sub>max</sub> at 233.0, 270.5, and 327.0 nm. The result indicated the shifting of λ<sub>max</sub> in T2 sample (233.0 nm) as compared to control (225.4 nm). Although, no change in λ<sub>max</sub> was observed in T1 sample of MNE. Overall, the UV-vis spectral analysis suggests that biofield energy treatment may not cause any significant alterations in the λ<sub>max</sub> of treated MNE samples with respect to the control.

## Conclusion

In brief, the XRD diffractogram of biofield treated MNE exhibited the decrease in intensity of XRD peaks as well as the decrease in average crystallite size (30.70%) as compared to the control. The surface area analysis showed an increase (5.32%) in surface area of biofield treated

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 7:** UV-vis spectra of control and treated (T1 and T2) methyl-2-naphthyl ether.</figcaption></figure>
MNE with respect to the control. The thermal analysis (DSC, TGA/DTG) showed a decrease in Tmax by 13.51%. Moreover, the latent heat of fusion was slightly increased by 0.83% in treated sample as compared to the control.

Overall, it can be concluded that Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment has the impact on physicochemical and thermal properties of treated MNE with respect to the control. Based on this, it is assumed that biofield treated MNE could be more useful chemical intermediate in the organic synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.

**Acknowledgement**

The authors like to acknowledge the Trivedi Science, Trivedi Master Wellness and Trivedi Testimonials for their steady support during the work. Authors would also like to thank the whole team from the MGV pharmacy college, Nashik for providing the instrumental facility.

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**Citation:** Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Bairwa K, et al. (2015) Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 162. doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000162