51. Arli, B.D.; Adıgüzel, H. The Connection Between the Tile Decoration of the 16th and 17th Centuries in Istanbul with the Tile Fragments Found in Iznik Excavations. In *The Art of the Islamic World and the Artistic Relationships between Polland and Islamic Countries, Proceedings of 11th Conference of the Polish Institute of World Art Studies (Former Polish Society of Oriental Art)*, 1st Conference of Islamic Art in Poland, Krakow, Poland, 5–7 October 2009; Slota, B.B., Ginter-Frolow, M., Malinowski, J., Eds.; Manggha, Polish Institute of World Art Studies: Krakow, Poland, 2011; pp. 235–245.

52. Arlı, B.D. İznik Çini Fırınları Kazı Buluntularından Çini Örneklerin Değerlendirilmesi/Evaluation of Iznik Tiles Examples from Iznik Tile Excavation. *J. Hist. Cult. Art Res.* **2018**, *7*, 578–594. [CrossRef]

53. Özer, M.; Dündar, M.; Güner, Y.; Uçar, H. Edirne Yeni Saray Kazısı (Saray-ı Cedîd-i Âmire) 2011 Yılı Çalışmaları. *Sanat Tarihi Derg.* **2016**, *24*, 73–106. [CrossRef]

54. Arlı, B.D.; Kaya, S. İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı Çini Buluntularının Değerlendirilmesi. In *Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Turkish Art (ICTA)*, Ankara, Turkey, 3–5 October 2015.

55. Adlington, L.W. The Corning Archaeological Reference Glasses: New Values for “Old” Compositions. *Pap. Inst. Archaeol.* **2017**, *27*, 1–8. [CrossRef]

56. Pearce, N.J.; Perkins, W.T.; Westgate, J.A.; Gorton, M.P.; Jackson, S.E.; Neal, C.R.; Chenery, S.P. A Compilation of New and Published Major and Trace Element Data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 Glass Reference Materials. *Geostand. Geoanalytical Res.* **1997**, *21*, 115–144. [CrossRef]

57. Conrey, R.M.; Goodman-Elgar, M.; Bettencourt, N.; Seyfarth, A.; Van Hoose, A.; Wolff, J.A. Calibration of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the analysis of archaeological samples using influence coefficients. *Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal.* **2014**, *14*, 291–301. [CrossRef]

58. Tournie, A.; Ricciardi, P.; Colomban, P. Glass corrosion mechanisms: A multiscale analysis. *Solid State Ion.* **2008**, *179*, 2142–2154. [CrossRef]

59. Pradell, T.; Molera, J. Ceramic technology. How to characterise ceramic glazes. *Archaeol. Anthr. Sci.* **2020**, *12*, 1–28. [CrossRef]

60. Paynter, S.; Okyar, F.; Wolf, S.; Tite, M.S. The production technology of Iznik pottery—A reassessment. *Archaeometry* **2004**, *46*, 421–437. [CrossRef]

61. Colomban, P.; Kırmızı, B.; Gougeon, C.; Gironda, M.; Cardinal, C. Pigments and glassy matrix of the 17th–18th century enamelled French watches: A non-invasive on-site Raman and pXRF study. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2020**, *44*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

62. Tite, M. Iznik pottery: An investigation of the methods of production. *Archaeometry* **1989**, *31*, 115–132. [CrossRef]

63. Matin, M. Tin-based opacifiers in archaeological glass and ceramic glazes: A review and new perspectives. *Archaeol. Anthr. Sci.* **2018**, *11*, 1155–1167. [CrossRef]

64. Vane-Tempest, S.; Kronberg, T.; Fröberg, L.; Hupa, L. Chemical Resistance of Fast-Fired Raw Glazes in Solutions Containing Cleaning Agent, Acids or Bases. Qualicer 2004. Available online: http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0413121e.pdf (accessed on 29 September 2020).

65. Colomban, P. Rocks as blue, green and black pigments/dyes of glazed pottery and enamelled glass artefacts? A review. *Eur. J. Miner.* **2014**, *25*, 863–879. [CrossRef]

66. Colomban, P. Routes du lapis lazuli, lajvardina et échanges entre arts du verre, de la céramique et du livre. *Tanci* **2005**, *4*, 145–152.

67. Kissin, S.A. Five element (Ni-Co-As-Ag-Bi) veins. *Geosci. Can.* **1992**, *19*, 113–124.

68. Wen, R.; Pollard, A.M. The Pigments Applied to Islamic Minai Wares and the Correlation with Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain. *Archaeometry* **2014**, *58*, 1–16. [CrossRef]

69. Colomban, P.; Sagon, G.; Huy, L.Q.; Liem, N.Q.; Mazerolles, L. Vietnamese (15th Century) Blue-And-White, Tam Thai and Lustre Porcelains/Stonewares: Glaze Composition and Decoration Techniques. *Archaeometry* **2004**, *46*, 125–136. [CrossRef]

70. Simsek, G.; Colomban, P.; Wong, S.; Zhao, B.; Rougeulle, A.; Liem, N.Q. Toward a fast non-destructive identification of pottery: The sourcing of 14th–16th century Vietnamese and Chinese ceramic shards. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2015**, *16*, 159–172. [CrossRef]

71. Fischer, C.; Hsieh, E. Export Chinese blue-and-white porcelain: Compositional analysis and sourcing using non-invasive portable XRF and reflectance spectroscopy. *J. Archaeol. Sci.* **2017**, *80*, 14–26. [CrossRef]

72. Du, F.; Su, B. Further study of sources of the imported cobalt-blue pigment used on Jingdezhen porcelain from late 13 to early 15 centuries. *Sci. China Ser. E Technol. Sci.* **2008**, *51*, 249–259. [CrossRef]
51. Arli, B.D.; Adıgüzel, H. The Connection Between the Tile Decoration of the 16th and 17th Centuries in Istanbul with the Tile Fragments Found in Iznik Excavations. In *The Art of the Islamic World and the Artistic Relationships between Polland and Islamic Countries, Proceedings of 11th Conference of the Polish Institute of World Art Studies (Former Polish Society of Oriental Art)*, 1st Conference of Islamic Art in Poland, Krakow, Poland, 5–7 October 2009; Slota, B.B., Ginter-Frolow, M., Malinowski, J., Eds.; Manggha, Polish Institute of World Art Studies: Krakow, Poland, 2011; pp. 235–245.

52. Arlı, B.D. İznik Çini Fırınları Kazı Buluntularından Çini Örneklerin Değerlendirilmesi/Evaluation of Iznik Tiles Examples from Iznik Tile Excavation. *J. Hist. Cult. Art Res.* **2018**, *7*, 578–594. [CrossRef]

53. Özer, M.; Dündar, M.; Güner, Y.; Uçar, H. Edirne Yeni Saray Kazısı (Saray-ı Cedîd-i Âmire) 2011 Yılı Çalışmaları. *Sanat Tarihi Derg.* **2016**, *24*, 73–106. [CrossRef]

54. Arlı, B.D.; Kaya, S. İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı Çini Buluntularının Değerlendirilmesi. In *Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Turkish Art (ICTA)*, Ankara, Turkey, 3–5 October 2015.

55. Adlington, L.W. The Corning Archaeological Reference Glasses: New Values for “Old” Compositions. *Pap. Inst. Archaeol.* **2017**, *27*, 1–8. [CrossRef]

56. Pearce, N.J.; Perkins, W.T.; Westgate, J.A.; Gorton, M.P.; Jackson, S.E.; Neal, C.R.; Chenery, S.P. A Compilation of New and Published Major and Trace Element Data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 Glass Reference Materials. *Geostand. Geoanalytical Res.* **1997**, *21*, 115–144. [CrossRef]

57. Conrey, R.M.; Goodman-Elgar, M.; Bettencourt, N.; Seyfarth, A.; Van Hoose, A.; Wolff, J.A. Calibration of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the analysis of archaeological samples using influence coefficients. *Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal.* **2014**, *14*, 291–301. [CrossRef]

58. Tournie, A.; Ricciardi, P.; Colomban, P. Glass corrosion mechanisms: A multiscale analysis. *Solid State Ion.* **2008**, *179*, 2142–2154. [CrossRef]

59. Pradell, T.; Molera, J. Ceramic technology. How to characterise ceramic glazes. *Archaeol. Anthr. Sci.* **2020**, *12*, 1–28. [CrossRef]

60. Paynter, S.; Okyar, F.; Wolf, S.; Tite, M.S. The production technology of Iznik pottery—A reassessment. *Archaeometry* **2004**, *46*, 421–437. [CrossRef]

61. Colomban, P.; Kırmızı, B.; Gougeon, C.; Gironda, M.; Cardinal, C. Pigments and glassy matrix of the 17th–18th century enamelled French watches: A non-invasive on-site Raman and pXRF study. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2020**, *44*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

62. Tite, M. Iznik pottery: An investigation of the methods of production. *Archaeometry* **1989**, *31*, 115–132. [CrossRef]

63. Matin, M. Tin-based opacifiers in archaeological glass and ceramic glazes: A review and new perspectives. *Archaeol. Anthr. Sci.* **2018**, *11*, 1155–1167. [CrossRef]

64. Vane-Tempest, S.; Kronberg, T.; Fröberg, L.; Hupa, L. Chemical Resistance of Fast-Fired Raw Glazes in Solutions Containing Cleaning Agent, Acids or Bases. Qualicer 2004. Available online: http://www.qualicer.org/recopilatorio/ponencias/pdfs/0413121e.pdf (accessed on 29 September 2020).

65. Colomban, P. Rocks as blue, green and black pigments/dyes of glazed pottery and enamelled glass artefacts? A review. *Eur. J. Miner.* **2014**, *25*, 863–879. [CrossRef]

66. Colomban, P. Routes du lapis lazuli, lajvardina et échanges entre arts du verre, de la céramique et du livre. *Tanci* **2005**, *4*, 145–152.

67. Kissin, S.A. Five element (Ni-Co-As-Ag-Bi) veins. *Geosci. Can.* **1992**, *19*, 113–124.

68. Wen, R.; Pollard, A.M. The Pigments Applied to Islamic Minai Wares and the Correlation with Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain. *Archaeometry* **2014**, *58*, 1–16. [CrossRef]

69. Colomban, P.; Sagon, G.; Huy, L.Q.; Liem, N.Q.; Mazerolles, L. Vietnamese (15th Century) Blue-And-White, Tam Thai and Lustre Porcelains/Stonewares: Glaze Composition and Decoration Techniques. *Archaeometry* **2004**, *46*, 125–136. [CrossRef]

70. Simsek, G.; Colomban, P.; Wong, S.; Zhao, B.; Rougeulle, A.; Liem, N.Q. Toward a fast non-destructive identification of pottery: The sourcing of 14th–16th century Vietnamese and Chinese ceramic shards. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2015**, *16*, 159–172. [CrossRef]

71. Fischer, C.; Hsieh, E. Export Chinese blue-and-white porcelain: Compositional analysis and sourcing using non-invasive portable XRF and reflectance spectroscopy. *J. Archaeol. Sci.* **2017**, *80*, 14–26. [CrossRef]

72. Du, F.; Su, B. Further study of sources of the imported cobalt-blue pigment used on Jingdezhen porcelain from late 13 to early 15 centuries. *Sci. China Ser. E Technol. Sci.* **2008**, *51*, 249–259. [CrossRef]
73. Figueiredo, M.; Silva, T.P.; Veiga, J.P. A XANES study of cobalt speciation state in blue-and-white glazes from 16th to 17th century Chinese porcelains. *J. Electron Spectrosc.* **2012**, *185*, 97–102. [CrossRef]

74. Zhu, T.Q.; Zhang, Y.C.; Xiong, H.; Feng, Z.Y.; Li, Q.; Cao, B.L. Comparison of the different types of Qinghua porcelain from Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty of China (AD 1271–1368) by micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-XRF) and microscopy. *Archaeometry* **2016**, *58*, 966–978. [CrossRef]

75. Pappalardo, G.; Costa, E.; Marchetta, C.; Pappalardo, L.; Romano, F.P.; Zucchiatti, A.; Prati, P.; Mando, P.A.; Migliori, A.; Palombo, L.; et al. Non-destructive characterization of Della Robia sculptures at the Bargello museum in Florence by the combined use of PIXE and XRF portable systems. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2004**, *5*, 183–188. [CrossRef]

76. Zucchiatti, A.; Bouquillon, A.; Katona, I.; D'Alessandro, A. The 'Della Robia Blue': A case study for the use of cobalt pigments in ceramics during the Italian renaissance. *Archaeometry* **2006**, *48*, 131–152. [CrossRef]

77. Barilaro, D.; Crupi, V.; Interdonato, S.; Majolino, D.; Venuti, V.; Barone, G.; La Russa, M.F.; Bardelli, F. Characterization of blue decorated Renaissance pottery fragments from Caltagirone (Siciliy, Italy). *Appl. Phys. A* **2008**, *92*, 91–96. [CrossRef]

78. Porter, Y. Le cobalt dans le monde iranien (IXe-XVIe siècles): Notes sur son utilization en céramique et son commerce. *Taoci* **2000**, *1*, 5–14.

79. Matin, M.; Pollard, A.M. Historical Accounts of Cobalt Ore Processing from the Kashan Mine, Iran. *Iran* **2015**, *53*, 171–183. [CrossRef]

**Publisher's Note:** MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
73. Figueiredo, M.; Silva, T.P.; Veiga, J.P. A XANES study of cobalt speciation state in blue-and-white glazes from 16th to 17th century Chinese porcelains. *J. Electron Spectrosc.* **2012**, *185*, 97–102. [CrossRef]

74. Zhu, T.Q.; Zhang, Y.C.; Xiong, H.; Feng, Z.Y.; Li, Q.; Cao, B.L. Comparison of the different types of Qinghua porcelain from Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty of China (AD 1271–1368) by micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-XRF) and microscopy. *Archaeometry* **2016**, *58*, 966–978. [CrossRef]

75. Pappalardo, G.; Costa, E.; Marchetta, C.; Pappalardo, L.; Romano, F.P.; Zucchiatti, A.; Prati, P.; Mando, P.A.; Migliori, A.; Palombo, L.; et al. Non-destructive characterization of Della Robia sculptures at the Bargello museum in Florence by the combined use of PIXE and XRF portable systems. *J. Cult. Herit.* **2004**, *5*, 183–188. [CrossRef]

76. Zucchiatti, A.; Bouquillon, A.; Katona, I.; D'Alessandro, A. The 'Della Robia Blue': A case study for the use of cobalt pigments in ceramics during the Italian renaissance. *Archaeometry* **2006**, *48*, 131–152. [CrossRef]

77. Barilaro, D.; Crupi, V.; Interdonato, S.; Majolino, D.; Venuti, V.; Barone, G.; La Russa, M.F.; Bardelli, F. Characterization of blue decorated Renaissance pottery fragments from Caltagirone (Siciliy, Italy). *Appl. Phys. A* **2008**, *92*, 91–96. [CrossRef]

78. Porter, Y. Le cobalt dans le monde iranien (IXe-XVIe siècles): Notes sur son utilization en céramique et son commerce. *Taoci* **2000**, *1*, 5–14.

79. Matin, M.; Pollard, A.M. Historical Accounts of Cobalt Ore Processing from the Kashan Mine, Iran. *Iran* **2015**, *53*, 171–183. [CrossRef]

**Publisher's Note:** MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).