## ASSESSMENT OF THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE DIETARY INDEX FOR A CHILD'S EATING (DICE) IN CHILDREN AGED 2 TO 8 YEARS LIVING IN AUCKLAND, NZ

(1) von Hurst, Pamela; (2) Delshad, Maryam; (3) Conlon, Cathryn; (3) Beck, Kathryn; (4) Mugridge, Owen.

(1) PhD.Senior Lecturer in Nutirition. School of Food and Nutrition. Massey University. Auckland. New Zealand; (2) Graduate Student. School of Food and Nutrition. Massey University. Auckland. New Zealand; (3) PhD. Senior Lecturer. School of Food and Nutrition. Massey University. Auckland. New Zealand; (4) Research Project Manager. School of Food and Nutrition. Massey University. Auckland. New Zealand.

**Background and objectives:** Background: Completing a four-day estimated food record (4DFR) can be a high burden for parents, but New Zealand has no valid and reliable dietary index to assess the adherence of children to the New Zealand Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Children and Young People Aged 2-18 years (NZFNG).

Aim: To examine the validity and reliability of the Dietary Index for a Child's Eating (DICE) in children aged 2 to 8 years living in Auckland, NZ.

**Methods:** Caregivers of healthy children (2-8 years) living in NZ were recruited by email and print advertising. Caregivers completed both 4DFR for their child, and the DICE online on 2 occasions, eight weeks apart, to assess reliability. The DICE consists of 17 questions that reflect current statements in the NZFNG, with greater adherence indicated by a higher score (maximum 100). Relative validity was assessed by comparing the DICE scores with 4DFR scores using Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman correlation coefficients, cross-classification, and weighted kappa (κ) statistic. For evaluating construct validity, the DICE scores were compared with energy and nutrient intake extracted from the 4DFR. Intra-class correlation coefficients (Cronbach's α) were used to assess the reliability of DICE.

**Results:** From a possible score of 100, the mean ± SD of DICE was 78.2±11.5 (range 47-100) and the 4DFR was 73.8±10.8. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between the total scores for DICE and 4DFR (r=0.72; P<0.001). Results from the weighted κ-statistic also showed that the DICE total score and 4DFR total score had very good agreement (κ=0.94). There were positive relationships between the DICE total score and vitamin C (r=0.53), folate (r=0.45), and calcium (r=0.44) (P<0.001). Those who were categorised in the highest tertile of DICE consumed higher fibre, vitamins A, C, D, folate (P<0.05), and calcium (P<0.001). Almost perfect agreement (0.87) was found through the Intra-class correlation coefficient for reliability test (P<0.001).

**Conclusions:** Discussion and Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that DICE is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of children's adherence to a health-promoting diet, and could be used in certain circumstances instead of the more burdensome 4FDR.

**Keywords:** dietary assessment, diet index, validity, reliability

## HIDDEN HUNGER IN INDONESIA: WHAT ARE STILL HIDDEN?

(1) Usfar, Avita; (2) Riyanti, Akhir.

(1) Dr. Avita A. Usfar. Nutritionist. Sakanti Consulting. Jakarta. Indonesia.; (2) Akhir Riyanti, MSM. Nutritionist. Sakanti Consulting. Jakarta. Indonesia.

**Background and objectives:** Indonesia has recognized the importance of addressing stunting (35% children 24-59 months) and obesity (12% age 0-59 months, 11% 13-15 years, 29% adult). However, little is known on the magnitude of the problem of hidden hunger in the country, nor integrating effort to combat them.

**Methods:** The authors conducted literature search of nationally represented data and interviews with key informants.

**Results:** The national prevalence of anemia is available for all age groups, while information on the prevalence of iodine deficiency is only available for children and women, and vitamin A and D for children. The prevalence of anemia in children 6 to 23 months is 57% (2011) and in pregnant women 37% (2013). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 43% in children (2011). Fortification of salt with iodine was mandated in 1975 and wheat flour with iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin B1 and B2 in 2001. Iron and Folic Acid distribution to pregnant women and vitamin A supplementation to children 6-59 months and to post-partum women are on-going programs. However, less progress is made on fortifying other products. A pilot of multiple micronutrient (MNP) to pregnant women was tried in 2000, but no follow-up thereafter. Trials of home fortification of MNP to children 6 to 59 months started in 2008, which resulted in a decree of mandatory content of the powder in 2013. However, its use is left to the local government and unevaluated. Voluntary fortification of vitamin A in cooking oil started in 2012, but experienced delay on its mandatory implementation. The result of rice fortification pilot in 2016 is yet to be announced. Based on six nationally represented food intake data, inadequacies of calcium, iron, vitamin A and C are found in children. Based on the interviews, the following deficiencies are suspected: calcium, vitamin B12, D, and E.

**Conclusions:** National data of the following micronutrients need to be updated or made available: vitamin A, B1, D, E, folic acid, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, and calcium.

**Keywords:** hidden hunger, micronutrient, deficiencies, fortification, Indonesia
THE PILOT KOREAN KEY FOODS BASED ON DIET COMSUMPTION

(1)Chang, Moon Jeong; (2)Shim, Jee Seon; (3)Lee, Jung Sug; (4)Kim, Hye Young; (5)Lee, Hyun Sook; (6)Kim, Ki Nam.

(1)Professor. Department of Food and Nutrition. Kookmin University. South Korea.; (2)PhD. Medical college. Yonsei University. South Korea.; (3)PhD. Department of Food and Nutrition. Kookmin University, South Korea.; (4)PhD. Department of Food and Nutrition, Yongin University. South Korea; (5)PhD. Department of Food and Nutrition. Dongseo University. South Korea.; (6)PhD. Department of Food and Nutrition. Daejeon University. South Korea.

**Background and objectives:** This study was performed to develop the Key foods approach to select food for nutrient analyses of up-to-date National Food Nutrient Composition database by National Laboratory System (NLS) of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea (KFDA), based on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Key concept. The primary objective of NLS in Korea is to provide the best database to represent the nutrients consumed by the population of the nutrient profile for each offds identified as important in the food consumption. The key food approach assists NLS to prioritize foods that contribute significant amounts of nutrients of public health interest to the diet.

**Methods:** The Key Foods approach used 16 nutrients and energy (Key nutrients) of public health significance identified in the intake data from KNHAES 2013-2014. The recipe file from KNHANES containing the list of ingredients and their amounts was used to identify the Key Foods. At first food lists that contributed to the intake of each nutrient were selected using recipe code from raw data in KNANES. Then We determined foods that contributed the most to intakes across all key nutrients. After selecting foods list, Key Foods were identified as those food components that contribute up to 85% of any one nutrient.

**Results:** From this procedure, 570 primary Key Foods were aggregated, which account for approximately 90.5% of the contribution of the nutrient consumption for the Korean diet. 456 Key Foods were identified after further refinement procedure to insure that we have a representative list of what Koreans eat by considering some foods that are not widely consumed by the Korean population.

**Conclusions:** This Key Foods list will be used for updating and revising the KFDA Food nutrient composition database from 2017 and allow NLS to concentrate resources for food composition analysis. We expect the updating database will give representative data for researchers, consumers, and policy makers.

**Keywords:** Key nutrients, Food nutrient composition database, Korean Key Foods

THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, DIETARY DIVERSITY, AND MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE BETWEEN FARMING AND NON-FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITIES ACROSS GHANA

(1)Christian, Aaron; (2)Marquis, Grace; (3)Colecraft, Esi; (4)Lartey, Anna.

(1)Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon. Ghana; (2)PhD.Nutritionist.Canadian Research Chair in Social and Environmental Aspects of Nutrition.School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition.McGill University. Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue. Quebec. Canada; (3)DrPH.Nutritionist.Nutrition and Food Science Department.University of Ghana.Legon.Accra; (4)President, IUNS 2013-2017.

**Background and objectives:** Improving nutrition requires both access to food, higher dietary quality and diversity and the understanding of the relationship among these indicators in different livelihoods. This study examined the relationships among household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and the micronutrient density adequacy of diets of children 2-5 years of age of farming (n=461) and non-farming households (n=147) in Ghana.

**Methods:** Household food insecurity (HFI) was measured using an adapted version of the USDA Household Food Security Core Module. A household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was calculated based on the number of food groups (12 maximum) from which a household consumed. Children's diet quality were assessed using data from 2-d, 12-hr weighed food records, for a sub-sample of 120 households. The nutrient density adequacy of eight micronutrients -vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, folate, zinc and iron- were calculated by dividing individual nutrient densities by recommended nutrient densities based on age-specific energy requirements. The mean micronutrient density adequacy (MMDA) of children's diets was then calculated as the mean of all eight individual micronutrient density adequacies, capped at 1. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationship among HFI, HDDS and MMDA. Predictors of MMDA were examined with linear regression analysis.

**Results:** Fewer non-farming households were moderately or severely food insecure compared to farming households (63.3% vs.75.7% P=0.003). HDDS of non-farming households was significantly higher than that of farming households (mean ± SD: 10.0 ± 1.8 vs. 9.3 ± 1.9; P=0.0001). MMDA was not significantly different between the non-farming farming and households. There were negative correlations between HFI and HDDS and MMDA (rs = -0.38, p<0.001 and rs = -0.25, p=0.005 respectively). After controlling for wealth, caregiver's education, and the number of children <5 y in the household, HFI was negatively associated with MMDA only in non-farming households.

**Conclusions:** Non-farming households consume more diverse foods and were less food insecure compared to farming households. This study suggests the utility of HFI to predict adequate intake of micronutrients in the diets of 2-5 yr. olds may be limited to non-farming households and not farming households.
(1)koiwai, kaori; (2)Hayashi, Fumi; (1)Matsumoto, Saika; (3)Takemi, Yukari.

(1)RD. Graduate School of Nutrition Sciences Kagawa Nutrition University. Japan; (2)Ph.D. RD. Faculty of Nutrition. Kagawa Nutrition University. Japan; (3)Ph.D. RD. Graduate School of Nutrition Sciences Kagawa Nutrition University. Japan.

**Background and objectives:** Japan retained the top spot in terms of average life expectancy, and nutritionally balanced Japanese diet is thought as being an important factor. However, in Japan, consumption of processed foods has continued its upward trend in recent years due to the reason to easy to cook, and to be able to eat at anytime or anywhere. The present study aimed to estimate the consumption of ultra-processed foods(UPF), and determine its association with dietary intakes and body mass index (BMI) among Japanese adults.

**Methods:** Cross-sectional study data from the Saitama Prefecture Health and Nutrition Survey 2011 was used for analyses. Dietary intake was assessed using two non-continuous day dietary records. Foods were classified based on NOVA system. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, height and weight were obtained from self-administered questionnaire. BMI was calculated using self-measured weight and height. 376 (156 men, 220 women) subjects aged 30 to 59 years who completed non-continuous two-day dietary records and self-administered questionnaire were included for the analysis. We divided the subjects into three groups according to tertile of the contribution of UPF in the total energy intakes (% of total energy):Low group (<30.7%), Middle group(30.7≤and<48.9%), High group (48.9%≤). ANCOVA adjusted for sex and age, marital status, income, total energy was used for the association with dietary intakes. For the association with BMI, exercise habits, smoking status were additionally adjusted.

**Results:** The mean ± standard deviation contribution of UPF was 41.0±20.5. High group had a significantly greater intakes of total fat, saturated fat, smaller intakes of potassium, iron, vitamin K, dietary fiber than lower groups. Furthermore, High group had a significantly greater intakes of other cereals (except rice), confectioneries, smaller intakes of rice, vegetables than lower groups. In addition, BMI of High group tended to be higher BMI in women. **Conclusions:** UPF consumption were significantly related to dietary intakes. Out findings suggest that higher consumption of UPF among Japanese middle-aged adults was associated with intake of unhealthy diet and greater BMI. )

**Keywords:** Ultra-processed foods, dietary intake, Body Mass Index, Japanese

(1)Chmurzynska, Agata; (2)Młodzik, Monika; (3)Czarnocinska, Jolanta;

(4)Wiebe, Douglas.

(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene. Poznan University of Life Sciences. Poland.
International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN);

(2)MSc. Biotechnologist. Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene. Poznan University of Life Sciences. Poland;

(3)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene. Poznan University of Life Sciences. Poland; (4)PhD. Epidemiologist. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology.
Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania. USA.

**Background and objectives:** Monitoring food intake is a challenge in nutritional studies. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may offer a solution, by enabling data collection on study participants' activities and states in real-time by means of a smartphone application (app). The aim of our study was to design and test the feasibility of an application for assessing the frequency of eating high-fat foods.

**Methods:** 30 subjects (15 men and women) were enrolled in Poznan, Poland for the so called Fat Taste Project. Usual frequency of eating high-fat foods were assessed with the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat intake (Q1) and a version modified to include products typically consumed in Poland (Q2). We also developed an app that was loaded on a smartphone provided to each participant for use daily over 10 days. The app gave prompts four times per day to report on high-fat foods consumed since the last prompt. The app contained the same list of food items as Q2. Overall food intake was assessed with dietary records.

**Results:** The average total frequencies of eating high-fat foods per week were 17.1±1.5 (Q1), 32.7±2.2 (Q2), and 34.5±2.1 (the app). There were no significant correlations between % energy from fat and the frequencies of eating high-fat foods, irrespective of the method used. The results from Q1 and Q2 were correlated (r=0.78, p<0.001). There was also a correlation between the results from Q2 and the application (r=0.56, p<0.05) but in women only. The mean difference between Q1 and Q2 was 15.6, while between Q2 and the application 1.73.

**Conclusions:** Using the application for measuring frequency of eating high-fat foods does not significantly affect assessment of the overall mean frequency of eating those products. However, the detailed data analysis considering time intervals and types of products eaten is needed.

This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant no. 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134).

**Keywords:** ecological momentary assessment, high-fat foods, food intake
# THE LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN AND THE MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV) AMONG PRE-CONCEPTION WOMEN IN BANGGAI REGENCY

(1)Monoarfa, Yustiyanty; (2)Widasari, Lucy; (3)Yekti, Rahayu; (4)Narsi, Ketut; (5)Otoluwa, Anang Samudera; (6)Daeng Mamala, Firman;

(7)Retnowati, Endang; (8)Gumilar, Erry; (9)Thaha, Abdul Razak;

(10)Wirjatmadi, Bambang.

(1)Doctoral Candidate at Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Airlangga University. Indonesia; (2)MSi.PhD. Doctoral Candidate at Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University. Indonesia; (3)Dra. MBiomed. Doctoral Candidate School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Indonesia; (4)SKM, MKes. Head of Department of Public Health. Banggai Health District Office. Indonesia; (5)MD.MPPM.Dr. Head of Banggai District Office. Indonesia; (6)SAg.MA. Head of Banggai Religious Affairs, Banggai District. Indonesia; (7)MD, MS. Lecturer. Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Indonesia; (8)MD, Dr. Lecturer. Department of Fetomaternal Health, School of Medicine, Airlangga University. Indonesia; (9)MD, MSc, Dr. Lecturer. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University. Indonesia; (10)MD, MSc, PhD. Lecturer. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Airlangga University. Indonesia.

**Background and objectives:** Because the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency, it is important to study the level of hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in preconception women. The current study aimed to describe the level of hemoglobin and the MCV, which are iron status parameters in red blood cells, among preconception women in Banggai Regency.

**Methods:** The research was conducted in three sub-districts of Banggai district, namely, Luwuk, North Luwuk, and South Luwuk, from October 2016 to February 2017. The subjects were newlywed preconception women who were visiting the religious affairs office to register their marriages; who were 18-35 years of age; and who did not have serious diseases, such as tuberculosis, heart disease, or kidney failure. A total of 102 preconception women were recruited. Venous blood samples were extracted, and hemoglobin and the MCV were measured using the SLS-hemoglobin method. The normal values for hemoglobin and the MCV are 12 g/dL and 80-100 fL, respectively.

**Results:** The results showed that of 102 preconception women, 16 women (15.7%) had a hemoglobin level under 12 g/dL or reported anemia, and 21 women (20.6%) had an MCV below 80fL. Of the 16 women who had anemia, 12 women (57.14%) had an MCV under 80 fL, which indicated that their anemia was correlated with the iron parameters in red blood cells.

**Conclusions:** The results of study indicated that anemia is frequent in preconception women and that iron plays an important role in this anemia. This study indicates the importance of multi-micronutrient supplementation in preconception women

**Keywords:** Anemia, MCV, Preconception

**Further collaborators:** Inayah Hi. Zaini Dg. Taha, Researcher. Banggai District Health Office

# PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRIENT FACTORS OF LABLAB BEAN (LABLAB PURPUREUS) VARIETIES GROWN IN KENYA

(1)Kilonzi, Sheila; (2)Makokha, Anselimo; (3)Kenji, Glaston.

(1)Karatina University; (2)PhD. Professor. Department of Food Science. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Kenya.; (3)PhD. Professor. Department of Food Science. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Kenya.

**Background and objectives:** The lablab bean (lablab purpureus) is an important staple food in Kenya. It is well adapted to the local climatic conditions and plays an important role in food and nutrition security, particularly in the arid and semi-arid parts of the country. However, there is limited information on the nutritional value of the different varieties of the beans. The main objective of this study was to determine the physical characteristics, proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors of three lablab bean varieties.

**Methods:** The length, width and thickness of the seeds was determined using vernier calipers. Seed density was determined by water displacement. Hydration and swelling coefficients were determined by soaking the seeds in water and determining the water absorbed. Crude protein was determined by Semi-Kjedahl method while crude fat was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Phytic acid was determined using HPLC, while tannin content was determined by the Vanillin Hydrochloric method.

**Results:** The mean 100 seed weight was significantly different among the three varieties, and ranged from 26.1 g to 29.2 g. The length, thickness and width ranged from 9.7 to 10.7 mm, 5.2 to 5.6 mm and 6.8 to 7.4 mm, respectively. The hydration and swelling coefficients of the beans ranged from 130.7 to 147.2, and 125.1 to 153.3, respectively. The mean protein and energy content varied from 22.5 to 25.4%, and 347.4 to 353.7 Kcal/100g, respectively, and differed significantly among the varieties. There were significant differences in the phytic acid and tannin levels, which ranged from 533.4 to 723.6 mg/100 g, and 0.27 to 232.6% CE, respectively.

**Conclusions:** There is good potential to select for lablab varieties with good cooking and nutritional characteristics.

**Keywords:** lablab beans nutrition anti-nutritional Kenya
fold higher serum free AAs 15N-enrichment. Both meals con-
tained 400mg 13C-spirulina, resulting in similar serum free AAs
13C-enrichment. The high protein meal resulted in a 15N/13C
ratio of 11.04(±1.53 (mean±SEM)) at t=180 minutes and the low
protein meal resulted in a 15N/13C ratio of 6.26(±1.27).

**Conclusions:** A two-fold difference in the ingested amount of bioavailable 15N-milk protein in our test meal resulted in a 1.8 fold difference in serum free AA 15N/13C ratio. We showed that using this dual stable isotope ratio it was possible to detect differences in the amount of bioavailable protein. Thus, the dual stable isotope ratio might be a potential method for the estimation of protein bioavailability and hence protein quality in vivo in humans.

**Keywords:** Protein quality, stable isotopes, protein bioavaila-
bility, dietary protein, isotopic ratios.

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** This study was funded by the
Dutch Dairy Association (NZO).

ug/d. The lowest averages of 25 (OH)-D were for obese 31, RI
women 28 and obese with RI 28,2 ng/mL. The highest prevalence
(25 (OH) -D <30 ng/mL) was for the obese women (62.2%), those
with RI (72.4%) and for obese with IR (76.5%). HOMA-I and tri-
glycerides had a moderate negative relationship with serum 25
(OH) -D levels. The prevalence of deficiency + insufficiency had
a significant association between 25 (OH) -D with IR and hyper-
triglyceridemia.

**Conclusions:** The deficiency plus vitamin D insufficiency showed an association with two variables that identify cardiovascular risk, which could explain the possible relationship of this vitamin with cardiovascular diseases

**Keywords:** Vitamin D; Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Dyslipidemia; Diabetes mellitus 2

144/1605

VITAMIN D AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OBE-
SITY, DYSLIPIDEMIA AND DIABETES MELLITUS
2 IN ADULT WOMEN, LIMA - PERU

(1)Bernui, Ivonne; (2)Pajuelo Ramírez, Jaime; (1)Bernui, Ivonne;

(3)Sánchez González, José; (3)Arbañil Huamán, Hugo; (3)Gamarra González, Dante; (4)Miranda Cuadros, Marianella; (3)Chucos Ortiz, Rafael; (5)Estrada Acero, Bill; (5)Salas Ramos, Humberto.

(1)MSc. Biologist. Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Perú;

(2)MSc. Medical Doctor. Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Perú; (3)Medical Doctor. Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Perú; (4)MSc. Nutritionist. Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Perú; (5)Estudiante. Escuela de Nutrición. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

**Background and objectives:** Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem. The objective was to determine the relationship between vitamin D and obesity, dyslipidemias and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a group of adult women.

**Methods:** One hundred and ten adult women between 20 to 55 years were weighted and their height measured in order to obtain the BMI to define the nutritional status. Insulin, glucose, lipid profile and vitamin D (25 (OH) -D) were determined. With the first two we calculated the Homeostatic Model of Assessment Index (HOMA-I) and to define insulin resistance (RI) a HOMA-I ≥ 2.7. Holick cutoff points were used to categorize 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: deficient <20 ng/mL, insufficient 21-29 ng/mL and sufficient ≥ 30 ng/mL. We identified dyslipidemia as recommended by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The frequency of consumption was used to measure vitamin D intake. We calculated prevalence, average, SD, 95% CI, correlation of quantitative variables, and association of categorical variables.

**Results:** Forty nine percent of the respondents were insuffi-
cient and 2,7% deficient of 25 (OH) -D. The intake was about 3

144/1612

BODY WEIGHT CONTROL, NUTRIENT INTAKE
AND RESTRAINED EATING BEHAVIOURS OF
HEALTHY ADULTS

(1)Madali, Berna; (2)Dikmen, Derya; (2)Inan-Eroglu, Elif; (1)Ozdemir, Aslihan.

(1)MSc. Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hacettepe University, Turkey.; (2)PhD. Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hacettepe University, Turkey.

**Background and objectives:** Dietary restraint is defined as the intention to restrict food intake in order to control body weight. The Restraint Scale (RS) is the most widely used measure for dieting to achieve or maintain a desired weight. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake and BMI values of participants according to their restrained scale scores.

**Methods:** In order to determination a relation between nu-
trient intakes, anthropometric measurements and restrained scale
scores of participants a questionnaire that consists restrained scale
and some socio-demographic characteristics of healthy partici-
pants were administered by the face-to-face method. Participants'
24 hour food recall and anthropometric measurements were also
taken by specialized dietitians. The results were evaluated by the
statistical program SPSS.

**Results:** The mean energy value of the individuals was 2038.4 ± 678.34 kkal. According to the participants' 24-hour food recall, the average percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein intake were 47.9 ± 9.31%, 37.2 ± 8.66% and 14.9 ± 3.50%, respectively. According to RS, 37% of the participants had restricted eating behaviours. The mean energy value of the individuals with restricted eating behavior were 2209.2 ± 716.09 kkal, while the mean energy value of the individuals with restricted eating behavior were 1747.1 ± 503.74 kkal (p = 0.02). Similarly, individuals without restrained eating behaviors were found to have higher carbohydrate (g / day), protein (g / day) and fat (%) values compared to individuals with restricted eating behaviors and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.01 , 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The mean BMI of women without restricted eating
behaviors was 23.1 kg/m2, while the BMI of women with restrict-
ed eating behaviors was 21.0 kg/m2 (p = 0.03). But there was no
significant difference between the mean BMI values of individuals
with and without restricted eating behaviors in men (p> 0.05).

**Conclusions:** The findings of this research suggest that re-
straint subscales are sensitive to nutrient intake of participants.

**Keywords:** Nutrient intake, body weight, restrained scale

144/1613

EFFECTS OF IODISED SALT AND IODINE SUP-
PLEMENTS ON PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL
GROWTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

(1)Farebrother, Jessica; (2)Naude, Celeste; (2)Nicol, Liesel; (3)Sang, Zhongna; (4)Yang, Zhenyu; (5)Andersson, Maria; (6)Zimmermann, Michael Bruce.

(1)MPharm MPH. Human Nutrition Laboratory. Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health. ETH Zurich. Switzerland.; (2)PhD. Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Stellenbosch. South Africa.; (3)PhD. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health. Tianjin Medical University. China.; (4)PhD. Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the Ministry of Health. Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. China.; (5)PhD. Human Nutrition Laboratory. Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health. ETH Zurich. Switzerland.; (6)MD. Human Nutrition Laboratory. Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health. ETH Zurich. Switzerland.

**Background and objectives:** Globally, 161 million children are stunted. Stunted children have an increased risk of mortality and morbidities. Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormone, which influences the growth of skeletal and peripheral tissues. Inadequate dietary iodine intake is associated with stunted growth. We systematically reviewed the evidence for the effectiveness of iodine supplementation or fortification on growth (prenatal to 18 years).

**Methods:** Following Cochrane methods, we searched ten databases including two Chinese databases (latest search February 2017) for eligible studies. RCTs and non-RCTs controlled before-after studies, interrupted time-series studies and interrupted time series studies with repeated measures conducted in pregnant women and children aged 0-18 years, comparing the effectiveness of iodine (in any form, dose or regimen) to a placebo, non-iodised salt, or no intervention, on pre-and post-natal growth markers were assessed. Analyses were stratified by iodine status. We calculated mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and performed random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.

**Results:** Nineteen trials with 5733 participants were includ-
ed in the review. Providing moderately-to-mildly iodine deficient
pregnant women with iodine supplements may make little or no
difference to offspring birth length (MD 0.01 cm (95% CI -0.39,
0.41cm); I2=0%; 3 RCTs, n=1106; low quality evidence). The im-
pact of iodine supplements to severely iodine deficient pregnant

women on offspring birth length is uncertain due to the very
low quality of evidence (MD 4.7 cm (95% CI -1.6, 11cm); 1 non-
RCT, n=456; very low quality evidence). Similarly, supplementing
schoolchildren with iodine may make little or no difference to
their height, irrespective of their baseline iodine status (MD -0.03
cm (95% CI -1.45, 1.39 cm); I2=28%; n=890; 4 RCTs; low quality
evidence).

**Conclusions:** Despite the importance of adequate dietary iodine intake for normal growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence, there are few rigorous, adequately powered trials investigating the effectiveness of iodine supplementation or fortification on prenatal and postnatal growth during these life stages. Based on the limited, low quality data available, the impact of iodine supplementation or fortification on prenatal or postnatal growth outcomes remains uncertain.

**Keywords:** Iodine, iodine deficiency disorders, growth, stunting

144/1618

NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT OF ELITE
MALE CRICKETERS FROM GUJARAT, INDIA

(1)Deota, Prachi; (2)Chandorkar, Suneeta.

(1)MSc. Doctoral Scholar. Department of Foods and Nutrition. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. India.; (2)PhD. Assistant Professor. Department of Foods and Nutrition. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. India.

**Background and objectives:** There is lack of data on nutri-
tional status of cricketers and therefore the study was planned to
assess the anthropometry, body composition and dietary intake of
the male cricketers 19-23 years of age (n=28). The subjects trained
for 4 hours a day for 6 days a week at the academy and had an av-
erage 9 years of experience.

**Methods:** Weight, height and Waist-hip circumference were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using Asia Pacific cut offs. Body composition analysis was conducted using Bio-electrical impedance method (Bodystat Quadscan 4000 unit). Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall method (3 days) and food frequency questionnaire was used for Iron and Calcium intake. The data for macronutrient intake were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances by National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) for Team event athletes while for micronutrients, RDA by NIN for non-athletic population were used as those for athletes are unavailable.

**Results:** The measured BMR of subjects was higher (1679±153 kcal/day) than the BMR for reference man (1587 kcal/day) calculated using formula by Indian Council of Medical Research. A typical short fat phenotype was observed even in the elite cricketers as indicated by the waist height ratio which identified 21% to be abdominally obese. Body composition revealed that only 46% subjects had normal body fat while 93% had normal lean mass. Thirty nine percent of cricketers were identified as overweight (28%) and obese (11%) by BMI. Percent energy contributed by Carbohydrate: Fat: Protein (50:35:15) compared well with the rec-
ommended values (54:31:15). None of the subjects met the (RDA) for Energy (-48%), Carbohydrates (-52%), Protein (-47%) and Fat (-59%). Daily Iron (19.31mg) and Calcium intake (1572mg) met the RDA of 17mg and 600mg respectively. Iron rich foods consumed daily were whole wheat flour (96.4%), Lentil (7.1%) and Puffed rice (7.1%) while the Calcium rich foods were Milk (100%), Dried dates (42.9%), Curd (39.3%).

**Conclusions:** Overweight and obesity was prevalent even in elite cricketers along with central obesity. The deficits in Energy and macronutrients if not corrected may lead to impaired performance.

**Keywords:** Nutritional status, Elite Male Cricketers, Central obesity, Body composition

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ALTERNATE DAY DOSING, AND SINGLE MORNING DOSES RATHER THAN B.I.D. DOSING, MAXIMIZE TOTAL AND FRACTIONAL IRON ABSORPTION FROM ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTS: STABLE IRON ISOTOPE STUDIES IN IRON-DEPLETED WOMEN

(1)Stoffel, Nicole Ursula; (2)Cercamondi, Colin Ivano; (3)Zeder, Christophe; (4)Brittenham, Gary; (5)GeurtsMoespot, Anneke J.; (6)Swinkels, Dorine W.; (2)Moretti, Diego; (7)Zimmermann, Michael Bruce.

(1)Msc. Department of Health Science and Technology. Laboratory of Human Nutrition. ETH Zürich. Switzerland.; (2)PhD. Department of Health Science and Technology. Laboratory of Human Nutrition. ETH Zürich. Switzerland; (3)Msc. Department of Health Science and Technology. Laboratory of Human Nutrition. ETH Zürich. Switzerland; (4)MD. Department of Pediatrics. Columbia University. College of Physicians and Surgeons. USA; (5)Bsc. Department of Laboratory Medicine. Translational Metabolic Laboratory. Hepcidinanalysis.com. Radboud University Medical Centre. The Nederlands; (6)PhD. Department of Laboratory Medicine. Translational Metabolic Laboratory. Hepcidinanalysis.com. Radboud University Medical Centre. The Nederlands; (7)MD. Department of Health Science and Technology. Laboratory of Human Nutrition. ETH Zürich. Switzerland.

**Background and objectives:** Oral iron supplementation (OIS) is a primary approach to treat iron deficiency, but there is no clear consensus on the optimal regimen, and compliance is often poor. Oral iron supplements acutely increase serum hepcidin (SHep); the duration and magnitude of this increase and its dose dependence could be used to optimize OIS to maximize absorption. In short-term studies (1-3) we defined the duration of the SHep increase, compared single day versus two consecutive daily doses and single versus twice a day (b.i.d.) dosing. In long-term studies (4), we compared iron absorption (60mg) from consecutive day dosing for 14 days versus alternate day dosing for 28 days

(equal total dose) and (5) from 120mg given in daily doses versus split b.i.d. 60mg over 3 days.

**Methods:** In studies (1-3: n=54; 4: n=40; 5: n=20) labeled Fe [54Fe]-, [57Fe]- or [58Fe]-FeSO4 was given to fasting iron-depleted women (plasma ferritin <25µg/L). Iron absorption was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of iron stable isotopes 14 days later.

**Results:** Studies 1-3 showed an increase in SHep at 24h after doses of >60mg (P<.05), but not at 48h. Fractional iron absorption (FIA) decreased by 36% when 60mg was administered on the second day compared with the first day (P<.001). Total iron absorption (TIA) did not improve if 3 doses were administered within 24h (b.i.d.) compared to when only the 2 morning doses were given (P=.79). In study 4, TIA from alternate day dosing was increased compared to consecutive day dosing: geometric mean (-SD,+SD) 175.3 (110.3,278.5) versus 131.0 (71.4,240.5)mg (P=.001). SHep increased over time in both groups, with a time x group interaction (P<.001). In study 5, there was no difference in TIA over 3 days between single dosing and b.i.d: geometric mean (-SD,+SD) 40.7 (40.9,40.6) versus 44.7 (44.8,44.5)mg, respectively; b.i.d. dosing increased SHep over the 3 days compared with single day dosing (P<.05)

**Conclusions:** In both short- and long-term studies in iron-depleted women: 1) FIA and TIA are higher from 60 mg doses given on alternate days versus consecutive days; and 2) an iron dose (120 mg) split b.i.d. does not increase TIA compared with a single morning dose.

**Keywords:** oral iron supplementation, iron absorption, hepcidin

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** DWS and AJGM are employees of Radboud University and Medical Centre that offers high quality hepcidin measurements to the scientific, medical and pharmaceutical community, at a fee for service basis. The other authors do not have conflict of interest to disclose.
# HARMONIZATION OF DIETARY INTAKE ASSESSMENT IN BALKAN REGION USING DIET ASSESS & PLAN (DAP) PLATFORM

(1)Gurinovic, Mirjana; (1)Gurinovic, Mirjana; (2) Milešević, Jelena;

(3)Kadvan, Agnes; (4) Nikolić, Marina; (5) Zeković, Milica; (6) Djekić-

Ivanković, Marija; (7) Dupouy, Eleonora; (8)Finglas, Paul; (9) Glibetic, Maria.

(1)MD PhD. Senior Researcher. Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia;

(2)MSc Nutrition. PhD candidate. Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia;

(3)Programmer. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia.; (4)MSc Mathematics. PhD candidate. Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia;

(5)MPharm Spec. PhD candidate. Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia;

(6)PhD. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serbia.; (7)Food safety and consumer protection Officer. FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (REU), Budapest, Hungary.; (8)President and Managing Director. EuroFIR AISBL, Brussels, Belgium.; (9)PhD. Head of Department. Senior Researcher. Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, Capnutra, Serb.

**Background and objectives:** Initiatives in the Capacity Development in Nutrition Research in Balkan region in past decade have been toward creation of contemporary, harmonized Research Infrastructure (RI) compliant to European standards. One of the elements of this RI is an innovative tool, DIET ASSESS & PLAN (DAP), a platform for standardized food consumption collection, comprehensive dietary intake assessment and nutrition planning.

**Methods:** DAP, advanced dietary assessment application, compliant to EuroFIR(TM) standards, comprises computerized food consumption questionnaires (24-h dietary recalls (24HDR), Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Food Records (FR), Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ)), general and pre-screening information about subjects, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, blood pressure measurements, supplements intake and physical activity, and complementary Food photo atlas. It extracts nutrient data from compatible food composition database (FCDB) (30 national FCDBs from EuroFIR(TM) Food platform), and evaluates results based on sets of international nutrient recommendations.

Its structure is based on MySQL database (for FCDB) and Microsoft VisualFoxPro database engine.

**Results:** DAP enables dietary intake assessment on individual and/or population levels, dietary planning (for public institution procurements and personal dietary advice), foods design/refinement, food labelling, and assessment of the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) as one of the priority indicators for Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework. It operates in bilingual options: English (default) and other language. DAP platform has EuroFIR(TM) thesaurus, LanguaL(TM) and EFSA FoodEX2 coding systems integrated in its structure, where food matching is possible on level of foods, recipes and dietary questionnaires. The software has been evaluated within EFSA project: "Dietary monitoring tools for risk assessment", 2014, and presents major platform for two new EFSA projects in Balkan region: National Dietary Surveys in Compliance with the EU Menu methodology (sixth support): "The adults' survey", including subjects from 10 to 74 years old, 2017-2021 (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro) and "The children's survey", including subjects from three months up to 9 years old, 2017-2021 (Serbia and FYROM).

**Conclusions:** DAP platform with its standardized and harmonized tools for dietary assessment is RI that synchronizes nutrition surveillance in the Balkan region, and with its features could be employed on larger scale nutrition epidemiology studies.

**Keywords:** Dietary assessment tool, Research Infrastructure, Food consumption, Dietary survey, Balkan region

# EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL INTAKE ON GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION OF HEALTHY ADULTS

(1)Nova, Esther; (2)Redondo, Noemí; (3)Villavisencio, Brenda; (1)Díaz-Prieto, Ligia E.; (1)Marcos, Ascensión.

(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN) - CSIC. Madrid. Spain; (2)MSc. Nutritionist. Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN) - CSIC. Madrid. Spain; (3)BSc. Nutritionist. Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN) - CSIC. Madrid. Spain.

**Background and objectives:** Knowledge on the effects of alcohol consumption on the gut microbiota composition is scarce and mainly derived from animal studies or from studies on alcoholic subjects with alcohol-liver disease or cirrhosis. However, the effects are bound to be different depending on the amount of alcohol intake, as evidenced with other alcohol effects on health. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of the amount of alcohol intake in the gut microbiota composition of healthy adults

**Methods:** A non-representative population sample of 261 healthy adults (25-45 y) of Madrid was studied (51% males, 49% females). Anthropometry was measured and socioeconomic, lifestyle and medical history data were obtained through a battery of
validated questionnaires. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed in fecal samples through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3+V4 gene regions. MiSeq 2x250 Illumina) and taxonomic analysis. Three groups of alcohol consumption were considered. 1) None-Low (N=124), average consumption <5g alcohol/day; 2) Moderate: ≥ 5 g/d and ≤20g/d (men) or ≤12 g/d (women) (N=99); 3) High: > 20 g/d (men) or > 12 g/d (women) (N=38). After post-processing OTUs data cleaning, general linear model including alcohol group and sex as independent factors and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the statistical analysis of normal and non-normal distribution phyla encountered, respectively

**Results:** Differences between groups of subjects with different amount of alcohol intake were observed specially in the less abundant phyla while the predominant phyla were similar irrespective of alcohol consumption. A higher proportion of Spirochaetes was observed when alcohol consumption is high (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.001), and remains significant in a separate sex analysis. Other differences are observed in some minor phyla depending on amount of alcohol consumption but the findings are different in men and women.

**Conclusions:** Alcohol consumption above the recommended daily intake was associated with an increased proportion of Spirochaetes in gut microbiota of healthy adults compared to moderate, low or no-alcohol intake.

**Keywords:** Gut microbiota. Alcohol intake. 16S metagenomics. Healthy adults.

Brazilians (15-65 y.o) participating in EBANS (Brazilian Health and Nutrition Study). Two 24-hour recall were used to identify the intake of AS and the major food items accounting for AS, using the weighed-proportions formula developed by Block (1985) in which the relative contribution (RC) of a given food item/food group is defined as: RC=[(Total AS grams from a food item x 100)/Total AS grams from all food items]. Median intake and sources of AS were performed by age group, gender, socioeconomic level (SES) and nutritional status.

**Results:** Median AS and AS percentage of energy intake were 52.4g/day and 12.6%, respectively. More than 63% of the subjects had %energy from AS >10%. Comparison of median AS intake (g/day) between age groups, nutritional status and SES showed that the highest intake was found among male adolescents, obese male and high SES. Carbonated soft drinks accounted for the highest contribution of AS intake in the whole sample, providing from 26.8% to 40.1% of total AS intake. Infusions were the second main source, except for adolescents that had cookies and cakes as the second contributor of AS intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) represented 68% of total AS intake among Brazilians, based on gender it was 69.2% for male and 57.5% for female.

**Conclusions:** Brazilians are consuming AS above the level recommended by the World Health Organization (10%). The main source of AS was SSBs independent of gender, age group, SES and BMI status. These results reinforce the importance of reducing sugar content in manufactured foods. However product reformulation alone may not be enough, public health programs should also focus on strategies that reduce the quantity and frequency of others sources of AS, such as homemade drinks, cakes, cookies and desserts.

**Keywords:** Food source, Added sugar, Brazilian population, multicenter study.

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** The ELANS is supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company and support from the Instituto Pensi / Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/ Fundación Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigación Nutricional de Peru. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of this manuscript.

**Further collaborators:** on behalf of the ELANS Study Group

**Background and objectives:** Added sugar (AS) intake is highly associated with the epidemic of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to identify the dietary intake and sources of AS among Brazilian population.

**Methods:** Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS) is a multicenter study developed in urban areas of 8 Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Data were obtained from 2,000

<footnote>(1)Fisberg, Mauro; (2)Previdelli, Ágatha Nogueira; (3)Gómez Salas, Georgina; (4)Guajardo, Viviana Beatriz; (5)Zimberg, Ioná; (6)Kovalskys, Irina.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MD. Instituto Pensi. Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal. Hospital Infantil Sabara. São Paulo. Brazil; (2)PhD. Professor. Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Universidade São Judas Tadeu São Paulo. Brazil; (3)MSc. Professor. Departamento de Bioquímica. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad de Costa Rica. Costa Rica; (4)Bcs. International Life Science Institute (ILSI). Buenos Aires. Argentina; (5)PhD. Departamento de Psicobiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo. Brazil; (6)MD. International Life Science Institute (ILSI). Buenos Aires. Argentina.</footnote>
## MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DIET-RELATED NCD RISK FACTORS UNDER NUTRITION TRANSITION: A SECONDARY ANALYSES OF THE DATA OF NATIONAL FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY, LAO PDR

(1)Miyoshi, Miki; (2)Kounnavong, Sengchanh; (2)Douangvichit, Daovieng; (3)Yoshiike, Nobuo.

(1)RD. MPhil. PhD. Head, Section of Section of International Nutrition Research and Development, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; (2)National Institute of Public Health, Lao PDR; (3)Dean, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Japan.

**Background and objectives:** Recently, the countries where undernutrition and infectious diseases have been the significant public health problems are increasingly facing with the increased disease burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases under nutrition transition, hence "double burden of malnutrition". Sustainable development goals (SDGs) were formulated in September 2015 as post-MDGs, thereby promoting global trend to focus on nutrition and NCDs. It is therefore important to develop a framework of policy planning to tackle "double burden of malnutrition" as well as evaluate the diet-related NCD risk factors in the countries undergoing nutrition transition. In our previous study, we developed the database on nutrition/NCDs monitoring systems and the relevant indicators (e.g. definition, criteria). The present study aims to develop a standardized tool (FFQ) for dietary assessment to evaluate the impact of intervention for "double burden of malnutrition" using the dataset of nationwide food consumption survey in Lao PDR.

**Methods:** National Food Consumption Survey is the first comprehensive nationwide survey on dietary intake in Lao PDR, which has been conducted by the National Institute of Public Health, Lao PDR (NIOPH) since 2014. This survey was undertaken by one day 24-hour recall method using food photo book developed by a pilot study, and INMUCAL-N was applied for calculation of nutrient intake. In addition, a questionnaire on the socio-demographic characteristics and the anthropometric data were collected. For the purpose of this study, the approval for secondary analyses is being sought to the NIOPH and the supporting bodies (e.g. FAO).

**Results:** Results of data analyses will be presented at the congress.

**Conclusions:** We expect to apply the newly-developed FFQ for monitoring and evaluation of diet-related NCD risk factors in the country, followed by the dietary surveys in Cambodia and Myanmar for standardization to monitor and evaluate diet-related NCD risk factors in each country.

**Keywords:** nutrition transition, food consumption data, dietary survey, 24-hour recall, FFQ

## EXPLORATORY STUDY ON FATTY ACID PROFILE FROM SEVERAL EDIBLE FISH SPECIES IN CHILE

(1)Rincón-Cervera, Miguel Ángel; (2)González-Barriga, Valeria;

(3)Romero Ormazábal, Jaime; (4)Valenzuela-Báez, Rodrigo;

(3)Valenzuela-Bonomo, Alfonso.

(1)PhD. Chemist. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Chile; (2)Nutritionist. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Chile;

(3)PhD. Biochemist. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Chile.; (4)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine. University of Chile. Chile.

**Background and objectives:** Marine fish is one of the most important current dietary sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two of the most recognized omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) because of their beneficial effects and physiological roles in human health. In Chile there is a lack of information concerning EPA and DHA content in fish consumed by the population. In this work, we determined the fatty acid amount of seven fishes consumed in Chile with a focus on EPA and DHA, thus providing relevant information for consumers.

**Methods:** Specimens from seven fish species were collected for this study from local fishermen in Coquimbo (IV Region, Chile): Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi), Peruvian morwong (Cheilodactylus gayi), Southern rays bream (Brama australis), Pacific sandperch (Prolatilus jugularis), Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and Chilean flounder (Paralichthys adspersus). Fillets from 3 fishes of each species were put together and minced, and then the lipid fraction was extracted by the Folch method. Fatty acid profiles were obtained by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) using methyl tricosanoate as internal standard.

**Results:** Most analyzed fish fillets contained an EPA+DHA amount higher than 250 mg per serving size (100 g fillet), which is the minimum recommended daily intake of both ω-3 LCPUFA. The highest EPA+DHA amount was found in Peruvian morwong (440 mg/100 g fillet) whereas the lowest amount was found in Chilean flounder (202 mg/100 g fillet). It was observed that DHA amount was higher than EPA in all studied species: the highest and lowest DHA levels were found in Chilean jack mackerel (280 mg/100 g fillet) and Chilean hake (149 mg/100 g fillet) respectively, whereas the highest and lowest EPA levels were found in Peruvian morwong (144 mg/100 g fillet) and Southern rays bream (24 mg/100 g fillet) respectively.

**Conclusions:** This exploratory study provides valuable data to the very scarce literature regarding fatty acid composition of Chilean fishes. It did not include longitudinal data, but it can be used as starting point to design a larger study considering geographical, climate and seasonal conditions.

**Keywords:** Fish fillet, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, fatty acid profile.
# PROTEIN INTAKE, PROTEIN QUALITY, PROTEIN STATUS AND EARLY CHILDHOOD LINEAR GROWTH IN RURAL ETHIOPIA

(1)Tessema Anegago, Masresha; (2)D. Brouwer, Inge; (3)S. Gunaratna, Nilupa; (4)Belachew, Tefera; (5)Belayneh, Demissie; (6)Donato, Katherine; (7)De Groote, Hugo.

(1)PhD Fellow in Wageningen University's, Associate Researcher, Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI); (2)PhD.Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University. Wageningen. The Netherlands.; (3)PhD. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston.MA, USA; (4)PhD.Human Nutrition Unit, Jimma University. Jimma. Ethiopia; (5)MSC.International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Addis Ababa. Ethiopia.; (6)MSC.Harvard University, Cambridge. MA. USA; (7)PhD. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Nairobi Kenya.

**Background and objectives:** Linear growth failure is a major public health concern in developing countries. Poor linear growth of children, manifested as stunting, is associated with higher child mortality and morbidity, poorer motor and cognitive development, and lower educational attainment and economic productivity in adulthood. Protein and essential amino acids play biological roles in bone elongation and necessary for linear growth. The quality of protein in foods consumed by low-income groups in developing countries is often limited, which reduces the availability of protein for use by the human body. However, so far limited evidence is available on the relationship between early childhood linear growth and protein intake, particularly in settings with a high prevalence of inflammation. We therefore examine the associations among protein intake, protein quality, protein status, and linear growth among young children in rural Ethiopia.

**Methods:** We used a cross sectional data set (n=846) collected from July-September 2015 during baseline of an ongoing randomized controlled intervention trial of children aged 6-35 months in a rural area of Ethiopia. Protein intake was assessed using 24 h dietary recall, and protein quality was measured using the PDCAAS method. Determination of protein status (prealbumin), alpha-1-glycoprotein (AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was conducted using immunoturbidimetry. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the associations among protein intake, protein quality, protein status, and early linear growth.

**Results:** Prevalence of inflammation (elevated AGP > 1 g/L or CRP > 5 g/L) was about 37%. After adjustment for sex and socio-economic status, we found protein status measured using prealbumin was correlated with height and weight of children. We found that among stunted children in the first one year, median protein intake was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) (P<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found total protein intake(β=0.32), and protein quality((β=0.45), and intake of the most limiting amino acids(β=0.53) were positively associated with early childhood linear growth(P<0.005)

**Conclusions:** High linear growth failure in Ethiopian children likely affected by low protein intake. Nutrition programs that emphasize higher dietary protein intake as well as improving the quality of that protein might improve early child linear growth

**Keywords:** protein intake; protein status; linear growth; Ethiopia

**Further collaborators:**

Jessica L. Cohen and Margaret McConnell from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

# VALIDATION OF A MOBILE APPLICATION AS A TOOL TO ESTIMATE FOOD INTAKE IN ADULTS

(1)Bittencourt Mescoloto, Samantha; (2)Caivano, Simone; (2)Domene, Semiramis.

(1)Dietitian. Graduate student at Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Program. Federal University of São Paulo. Brazil; (2)PhD. Department of Public Policies and Collective Health. Federal University of São Paulo. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Knowing the dietary patterns of the population includes nutritional assistance actions and can contribute to health care. However, traditional methods of dietary intake analysis have weaknesses that lead to measurement errors. The development of new tools can assist in information quality in dietary surveys while the use of digital technology with mobile devices facilitates recording and analysis of data, as already demonstrated. The objective of this investigation is to verify the validity of Nutrabem application -NApp, as a tool for recording food intake in adults. This study was conducted to determine the optimal sample size by considering dietetic variability.

**Methods:** A cross-sectional pretest study conducted with NApp users; food intake was also estimated by the application of a 24-hour recall; nutritional composition analysis was performed using Nutrabem Pro software. Student' t-test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Bland Altman's chart will be applied to verify the agreement between methods.

**Results:** The sample of 40 subjects was composed of 33 women (82,5%); the average age of the respondents was 29.7 years (SD=8.96).

**Conclusions:** This study indicated that a sample of 280 individuals will able to produce results accurate enough to identify the significant differences in the variables of interest in this study with the power of 0.8.

**Keywords:** validation studies, dietary surveys, digital technology.

**Further collaborators:** Support: grant #2016/13978-7, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).
# MARKET ASSESSMENT OF OIL BRANDS TO ASSESS THEIR AVAILABILITY AND COMPLIANCE WITH VITAMIN A FORTIFICATION STANDARDS IN PAKISTAN

**Background and objectives:** The mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A has been identified as a key strategy to address prevalent deficiency in the Pakistan population. However, the potential efficacy of fortification can be compromised by sub optimal compliance to standards. Given the need to ascertain compliance, we sought to assess (1) availability of oil brands across provinces and (2) compliance of oil brands and producers with oil standards.

**Methods:** In Aug 2016, different retail outlets were visited in the 2-4 main urban market hubs (based on high population density) to record available brands in each of the 4 main provinces.

12 oil samples were collected from each oil brand available in Pakistan. Composite samples were prepared by brand and the average vitamin A content was quantified using HPLC. Unweighted averages by producer were calculated across brands.

**Results:** We were able to identify the number of brands available in Pakistan and the variety of available brands in the main provinces. Punjab province has the highest variety of available oil/ ghee brands (70 brands), Sindh (45), KPK (44) and Baluchistan province the lowest (19).

The annual market volumes of the 50 producers included in the compliance assessment represents about 70% of the market volume. 70% of this volume is fortified (by 28 producers), but only 40% according to the national standard (by 11 producers).

The fortified oil is available in all the main 4 provinces.

**Conclusions:** The majority of the oil in Pakistan is fortified and fortified oil is available in all the main 4 provinces. Two-thirds of the oil is not fortified or does not meet the standard. Therefore, strengthening of the regulatory monitoring by key stakeholders (Regulatory bodies including Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) /Food Authorities etc.) may be required to ensure inspections are carried out at the production sites of producers that do not fortify or do not meet the standard requirements, to understand the bottlenecks in collaboration with industry and to make sure that fortification of oil is initiated and quality assurance and control measures improved.

Market monitoring can identify non-compliant producers and prioritize follow-up for corrective action.

**Keywords:** market assessment, compliance, availability, food fortification, Pakistan

The market assessment was made possible through the support of the Pakistan Vanaspati Manufacturers Association (PVMA), stakeholders from the National and Provincial Governments, PSQCA, Pakistan Council for Scientific Research (PCSIR), Qarshi research Centre, Institute of Home and Food Science of the Government College of the Faisalabad University and GAIN, as well as the financial support from the USAID/GAIN Pakistan Regional Food Fortification Project.

# COMPREHENSIVE FOOD AND NUTRIENT DATABASE OF THE DIETSYS SYSTEM FOR DIET SURVEYS IN BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, AND THE UNITED STATES

**Background and objectives:** The need for information on food composition that is up to date, accurate and reliable is critical to assess components of the diet aiming to promote health. The DietSys diet-data processing system allows using customized databases to calculate food components. We aimed to build a comprehensive food and nutrient database to be used in the DietSys system to assess dietary intake in epidemiological research in Brazil, Argentina, and the United States.

**Methods:** Three nutrient composition tables were unified: the Brazilian food composition table (TACO), the Argentinean food composition table (Argenfoods), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA) release 27. We created 21 food groups and used NOVA to classify food items into four food processing categories (FPC): unprocessed or minimally processed foods (UMP), processed culinary ingredients (PCI), processed foods (PF), and ultra-processed foods (UPF). For each FPC and food group, we calculated the number and proportion (%) of food items and the average density of energy (kcal/100 grams) and macronutrients (grams/100 grams).

<footnote>(1) Jungjohann, Svenja; (2) Rasool, Faiz; (3) Anjum, Faqir Muhammad;</footnote>

<footnote>(4) Arshad, Muhammad Umair; (5) Ahmad, Nazir; (6) Afzaal, Muhammad.</footnote>

<footnote>(1) Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN); (2) Public Health (MSc). Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN). Islamabad, Pakistan; (3) Food Science (PhD). University of The Gambia. Islamic Republic of The Gambia; (4) Food Science (PhD). Institute of Home and Food Sciences. Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; (5) Food Science (MSc). Institute of Home and Food Sciences. Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.</footnote>

<footnote>(1) Rossato, Sinara L.; (2) Rodrigues, Marcela Perdomo; (3) Sampson, Laura; (4) Beato, Gariel c; (5) Defagó, Maria Daniela; (6) Fung, Teresa T;</footnote>

<footnote>(7) Willett, Walter C.</footnote>

<footnote>(1) MSc. PhD. Research Fellow. Department of Nutrition. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston. United States.;</footnote>

<footnote>(2) MSc. PhD fellow. Post-graduation program in cardiology and cardiovascular disease. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.; (3) RD. Nutritionist. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital. Harvard Medical School. Boston. United States.;</footnote>

<footnote>(4) Nutritionist. Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio Mesquita Filho". Botucatu. Brazil.; (5) PhD. Professor. School of Nutrition. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Cordoba. Argentina.; (6) PhD. Professor. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston. United States.; (7) MD. PhDr. Professor. Department of Nutrition. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston. United States.</footnote>
**Results:** The DietSys database comprised 9386 food items: 6.1% from TACO, 4.7% from Argenfoods, and 89.2% from the USDA. Of food items classified as UMP, 53% were from Argenfoods and 23% from USDA. The USDA contained 78% of the UMP (N=1987), 83% of the PCI (N=318), 89% of the PF (N=2404), and 96% of the UPF (N=4203). Average density of energy, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates from PCI was 23%, 4%, 26% and 42% lower in TACO and Argenfoods food items than the three tables' average. Some food groups included more than one FPC (e.g. in TACO, 16.0% of meats and derivatives were UMP, 34.6% were PF, and 3.7% were UPF; whereas in the USDA 39.9% of meats and derivatives were UMP, 50.4% were PF, and 1.1% were UPF).

**Conclusions:** This food and nutrient database will allow the DietSys user to calculate the intake of foods, food groups, FPCs, and nutrient content for Brazilian, Argentinean, and North-American populations, and to prioritize regional food items or to select alternative items. This dynamic database allows the addition of other foods and nutrients in the future.

**Keywords:** DietSys, DietSys database, food and nutrient database, international nutrient database, international food database.

**Further collaborators:**

Scientific initiation group.

João Pedro Floriano, Iris Maciel Cavalcante, Vanessa de Castro Mello Macedo, Pietra Antônia Filiol Belin, Rayanne Carneiro dos Santos, Vanessa Mota, Gabriela Nadai.

144/1742

SOMATOTIPO AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN OF ETNIA MAPUCHE OF THE COMMUNE OF PADRE LAS CASAS-CHILE

Rosas Muñoz, Marcelo Elías.

MSc. Nutritionist. School of Nutrition and Dietetics. Santo Tomás University. Temuco. Chile.

**Background and objectives:** The Mapuche ethnic group, originally from southern Chile, is suffering from a migration from rural to urban, adapting to changes in current society, developing behaviors and lifestyles typical of urban and industrialized areas where it predominates excess of malnutrition. The objective of this research is to establish the impact of these social changes on the somatotype and nutritional status of Mapuche youth.

**Methods:** A descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study of 127 Mapuches schoolchildren of both sexes with their parents' consent was carried out in three rural schools in the community of Padre Las Casas, Chile. 74 men (58.3%) and 53 women (41, 7%), between 10 and 14 years of age. Measurements were taken of: weight, height, skin folds and bones diameters; following the ISAK protocol. BMI and nutritional status were determined according to the Chilean standard and somatotype (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy) using the anthropometric method described by Heath & Carter. Student's t test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the results (p <0.05).

**Results:** Men presented a mesoendomorphic somatotype (4.1 - 4.7 - 1.6). Women are endomesomorphic (5.0 - 4.2 - 1.3). Nutritional status showed that 37.8% of the men were obese and 16.2% were overweight. In the ladies, 34.6% were obese and 22.1% were overweight. When comparing by gender, significant differences were found in Endomorphism in favor of women (p = 0.01), but not in Mesomorphy and Ectomorphism, with no differences.

**Conclusions:** It is evident that in schoolchildren of the Mapuche ethnic group of both sexes a nutritional state of excess predominates. In relation to the somatotype, the women showed a higher relative adiposity than the men. The Obesigenic environment, which highlights the modification of lifestyle, food, and the effect of sedentarism is affecting the Mapuche population as well as the rest of the school population.

**Keywords:** Somatotype, Nutritional Status, Mapuches Schoolchildren.

**Further collaborators:**

Address of rural schools in the commune of Padre las Casas - Chile.

144/1765

EFFECT OF DIETS RICH IN SATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON THYMUS OF GROWING RATS

(1)Perris, Paula; (1)Fernandez, Inés; (2)Godoy, Maria Fernanda;

(3)Mambrin, Maria Cecilia; (4)Slobodianik, Nora H.; (1)Feliu, Maria Susana.

(1)PhD. University de Buenos Aires. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. Nutrition and Food Science.; (2)Biochemical. University de Buenos Aires. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. Nutrition and Food Science.; (3)Technical assistant. University de Buenos Aires. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. Nutrition and Food Science.; (4)PhD. University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy & Biochemistry. Dept. Nutrition & Food Science. Argentina.

**Background and objectives:** The importance of diet in maintaining health is widely accepted and recognized. Dietary lipids play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Thymus shows important functional changes in response to nutritional disorders.

The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of diets rich in saturated fatty acids in normal and high concentration on thymus' fatty acid profiles of growing rats.

**Methods:** Weanling Wistar rats were fed during 10 (10D) and 40 (40D) days with 15% and 42% (F%=Kcal lipids/100total Kcal) of dietary fat provided by butter (F15 y F42 groups). Control group received normocaloric diet (soy oil, F%=15) according to AIN '93. Thymus was removed. Thymus fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's post test (*p<0.01).

**Results:** Thymus fatty acid profile were (% area):

PALMITIC: F15-10D=27,05±5.01; F42-10D=25.75±3.63;
CONTROL 10D=25.96±3.23;
OLEIC: F15-40D=29,73±2,34; F42-40D=24,60±2,99; CONTROL 40D=27,79±3,73

F15-10D=19.00±5.35; F42-10D=22.01±5.37; CONTROL 10D=18.22±3.23; F15-40D=19,57±4,50; F42-40D=16,09±6,34; CONTROL 40D=16,84±5,20;

F15-10D=3.69±0.48*; F42-10D=4.82±0.40*; CONTROL 10D=10.26±1.37; F15-40D=2,29±0,72*; F42-40D=3,73±0,65*; CONTROL 40D=10,22±3,10

F15-10D=0,35±0.04*; F42-10D=0.34±0.04*; CONTROL 10D=0.59±0.09; F15-40D=0,37±0,16*; F42-40D=0,40±0,08*; CONTROL 40D=0,75±0,11;

ARAQUIDONIC: F15-10D=9.84±3.31; F42-10D=7.33±1.94; CONTROL 10D=10.46±2.60; F15-40D=9,26±2,02; F42-40D=11,66±3,33; CONTROL 40D=9,98±4,75

F15-10D=0.71±0.12; F42-10D=0.64±0.24; CONTROL 10D=0.50±0.12; F15-40D=0,62±0,26; F42-40D=0,24±0,11; CONTROL 40D=0,15±0,07

F15-10D=0.61±0.14; F42-10D=0.60±0.17; CONTROL 10D=0.52±0.16; F15-40D=0,57±0,21; F42-40D=0,73±0,19; CONTROL 40D=0,51±0,15.

**Conclusions:** All experimental groups showed decrease of linoleic and alfa linolenic acid.

The results observed on thymus lipid profile, demonstrate a decrease on the levels of essential fatty acids when a diet rich in saturated fatty acids is administered, independent of F%.

Thymus, characterized by a high rate of cellular turnover, is severely affected by nutritional imbalances and particularly by distortion in the proportion and type of fat.

Supported by UBACYT 20020150100011BA

**Keywords:** Thymus- essential fatty acids- diet- rat

a complex disorder that encompasses cardiovascular risk factors associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. The metabolic syndrome has become the most frequently diagnosed, proving to be a trend for the next few years. According to the who, about 25% of adult Americans fit the profile that characterizes the syndrome. It is estimated that between 20-25% of the world population report SM.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that predispose to metabolic syndrome of São Camilo University Center workers, participants of the "HEALTH FOR ALL" project.

**Methods:** This study was carried out with 107 workers of both genders, aged between 18 to 60 years, with a predominance of younger adults that voluntarily were involved at the research. Were measured height and weight for the calculation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (CC), hip circumference and neck circumference as well as percentage of body fat and blood pressure. Others tests carried out: glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and his fractions. This work is part of the project presented by the ethics and Research Committee under paragraph 61/2014.

**Results:** It was found that 64.4% presented excessive weight, being 45.8% overweight, 21.5% with different degrees of obesity and only 31.8% had weight adequate. Of individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (17.8% of the population), they all showed levels of diabetes diagnosed, glycated hemoglobin, abdominal obesity appears in both sexes, prevalent in these individuals with metabolic syndrome, and strongly associated with increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this same group, found himself high percentage of body fat, total and HDL quite diminished. 19.6% of the studied population showed hypertension. 53.2% of the population were sedentary.

**Conclusions:** This is a population with numerous risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The results presented in the study, suggest the need for specific actions that intervene in factors that determine the triggering of the metabolic syndrome and that can contribute to the promotion of health.

**Keywords:** Nutritional Assessment; Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome

144/1791

EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE TO METABOLIC SYNDROME THE WORKERS OF THE SÃO CAMILO UNIVERSITY CENTER PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT "HEALTH FOR ALL" - SÃO PAULO - BRAZIL

**Background and objectives:** Inserted in the context of obesity and related co-morbidities, the metabolic syndrome (SM) is

144/1795

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF DHS ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA, 2005-2014

**Background and objectives:** Providing reliable estimates of anthropometric indicators among children is important for monitoring global progress toward the World Health Assembly targets, and also for short and long-term nutrition and health interventions. The collection of anthropometric data has been a key component of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) since 1986.

<footnote>(1)Korukian Freiberg, Clara; (2)Basso, Renata; (3)Bom, Juliana;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Corcovado, Fabiana; (3)Silva, Bruna Carina; (3)Parise, Nicole;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Camargo, Lais.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MSc. Nutricionist. Nutrition Department. São Camilo University Center. São Paulo. Brazil.; (2)MSc. Farmaceutic. Nutrition Department. São Camilo University Center. São Paulo. Brazil.;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Nutritionist. Nutrition Department. São Camilo University Center. São Paulo. Brazil.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Kothari, Monica; (2)Kothari, Monica; (3)Pullum, Tom.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)PATH; (2)MS, MPH. Deputy MQSUN+/M& E Lead. Washington DC. PATH. USA; (3)PhD. Director of Research. Demographic Health Surveys. Rockville. Maryland. USA.</footnote>
To date, DHS has collected height and weight data for more than three million children and adults in 238 surveys in 77 countries. It is important to assess the quality of the nationally representative data for future improvements.

**Methods:** This analysis examines the quality of anthropometric data from 52 DHSs conducted between 2005 and 2014. The analysis includes height, weight, and age measurements of children under five years of age as well as three nutritional status indices—height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ)—that follow WHO guidelines. The data quality indicators used to investigate the measurements include: standard deviation of z-scores; heaping of measures of height, weight, and age; and the percentage of extreme cases flagged during data processing. In addition, linear regressions of the z-scores were conducted to examine the amount of heterogeneity in z-scores that can be explained by covariates, including cluster-level variation. The analyses identified surveys that have outperformed others in terms of anthropometric data quality along with surveys that have been deficient in data quality.

**Results:** The countries vary substantially in the data quality indicators examined. Some countries perform poorly on several of the data quality indicators, Albania and Benin, while other countries such as Colombia, Honduras, and Peru were identified as having high quality data. Of particular concern is the higher variability in the SD for children at younger ages, which may be due to the difficulty of measuring very young children lying down in contrast to measuring older children standing up.

**Conclusions:** Based on the results, the quality of anthropometric data can be improved in nationally representative surveys by including rigorous training on measurement of younger children. It is important to identifying new types of equipments to accurately measure the height/length of children, including digital and lightweight measuring boards.

**Keywords:** Anthropometry, stunting, nutritional status, z-score, DHS, data quality.

**Further collaborators:**

Shireen Assaf, PhD, Statistician, Demographic and Health Surveys, Rockville, Maryland, USA

(1)Reig García-Galbis, Manuel; (2)Albert Pérez, Enrique; (3)Mateu Olivares, Victoria; (4)Martínez-Espinosa, Rosa María; (5)Molina Vila, Mariola D.

(1)PhD. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama.; (2)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama (Chile); (3)Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante (España).; (4)PhD. Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences. University of Alicante (España).; (5)PhD. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante (España).

**Background and objectives:** Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) currently affects to more than 20% of the adult population.

Objective: evaluate the variation of the expressions of loss in the ME in ≥ 18 years, through dietary intervention and / or physical exercise.

**Methods:** Method: four databases, Pubmed, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science were used. Selection criteria: ≥ 18 years; diagnosed with MS; weight loss intervention programs, which use diet and exercise as tools; Interest in loss should be manifested through parameters and units; clinical trials published between 2005 and 2015, in English and Spanish, in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The protocol of the PRISMA method was used to analyse the information.

**Results:** only 2% of clinical trials were selected (1805). The most frequent characteristics are: ATPIII and FID, as diagnostic criteria; number of patients ≤100; male sex; located in Europe, the United States and Oceania; duration of ≤6 months; waist circumference (cm), BMI (kg/m2), weight (kg and%) and multidisciplinary interventions showed the highest losses.

**Conclusions:** Discussion: the heterogeneity in the design of clinical trials makes difficult to identify the interventions with the highest losses in the parameter analysed and which techniques are the most advisable to achieve this goal.

Conclusion: there is a great diversity in the diagnoses of MS and disparity in the design of these clinical trials. Therefore, a series of recommendations are presented for the design of future clinical trials and, in addition, the most adequate techniques for loss with the Extrapolation of two clinical guidelines for overweight and obesity (ACE / AACE and European Guidelines).

**Keywords:** metabolic syndrome, weight loss, fat loss, diet, exercise and lifestyle.

**Further collaborators:** Pérez Albert Enrique: collaborated in the selection of included clinical trials; elaboration of the tables and the flow diagram.

Poveda González Marina: collaborated in the selection of included clinical trials; elaboration of the tables and the flow diagram.

Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María: selection of the information of interest in the tables; information analysis using the PRISMA methodology; writing, translation and revision of the manuscript.

Molina Vila Mariola D: selection of information of interest in the tables; Information analysis using the PRISMA methodology; Writing, translation and revision of the manuscript.
Reig García-Galbis Manuel: collaborated in the selection of the included clinical trials; elaboration and design of the tables; information analysis using the PRISMA methodology; Writing of the manuscript draft.

VARIATION OF THE EXPRESSIONS OF LOSS IN
THE METABOLIC SYNDROME, IN CHILDREN
AND ADOLESCENTS: DIETARY INTERVENTION
AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE

(1)Reig García-Galbis, Manuel; (2)Pérez Albert, Enrique; (3)Mateu Olivares, Victoria; (4)Martínez-Espinosa, Rosa María.

(1)PhD. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama.; (2)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama (Chile).; (3)Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante (Spain).; (4)PhD. Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences. University of Alicante.

**Background and objectives:** Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) affects ≥ 10% of the adolescent population worldwide. Objective: evaluate the variation of the expressions of loss in the MS in ≤18 years, through dietary intervention and / or physical exercise.

**Methods:** Method: search date, between 2005 and 2015, in English and Spanish, in peer reviewed journals and following the PRISMA method. The selection criteria were: diagnostic for MS, overweight, obesity, type II diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperinsulinism, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and / or prediabetes; Randomized clinical trials, ≤18 years of age; Intervention programs that use diet and / or exercise as a tool, with or without metformin (interventions showing an interest in weight loss).

**Results:** only 1.3% of the clinical trials were selected (924) and the use of the diagnosis of MS was not observed. The most frequent characteristics of the clinical trial selected were: they were carried out in North America; the number of patients ranges from 25 to 120; female sex; duration of 6 months; weight loss (kg), BMI (kg/m2, percentile) and multidisciplinary intervention reported the highest losses.

**Conclusions:** the design of the clinical trials is heterogeneous and no trials diagnosed as MS have been found. A series of recommendations are presented for the design of future clinical trials; the most adequate techniques for loss with the extrapolation of two clinical guidelines for overweight and obesity (AND and ISCI) are indicated and it is recommended to investigate why the diagnosis of MS is not used.

**Keywords:** metabolic syndrome, children, teens, diet and exercise.

**Further collaborators:**

Pérez Albert Enrique: collaborated in the selection of included clinical trials; elaboration of the tables and the flow diagram.

Mateu Olivares Victoria: collaborated in the selection of included clinical trials; elaboration of the tables and the flow diagram.

Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María: selection of the information of interest in the tables; information analysis using the PRISMA methodology; writing, translation and revision of the manuscript.

Reig García-Galbis Manuel: collaborated in the selection of the included clinical trials; elaboration and design of the tables; information analysis using the PRISMA methodology; Writing of the manuscript draft.

BETTER MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE COULD BE
RELATED TO PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OLDER
ADULTS?

(1)Aparicio Ugarriza, Raquel; (1)López Torres, Olga; (2)Maroto Sánchez, Beatriz; (3)Bibiloni, María del Mar; (4)Julibert, Alicia; (2)Palacios, Gonzalo; (3)Tur, Josep Antoni; (2)Gonzalez Gross, Maria Marcela.

(1)MSc. ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Spain;

(2)PhD. ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Spain;

(3)PhD. NUCOX Research Group. Fundamental Biology and Health Science. University of the Balearic Islands. Spain.; (4)MSc. NUCOX Research Group. Fundamental Biology and Health Science. University of the Balearic Islands. Spain.

**Background and objectives:** Diet and physical fitness (PF) have been described as major modifiable behaviours related to poor health. Indeed, diet and PF seem to be strong promoters of healthy ageing. Hence, the main aim of this study was to assess the association between micronutrient intake and PF in Spanish older adults.

**Methods:** 428 participants (43% males) aged over 55 years were recruited for the study. Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24h dietary recalls. Energy intake (EI) and micronutrient intake were calculated through ALIMENTA software. Estimated average requirements (EAR) cut-off point method was applied to estimate the prevalence of nutrient intake adequacy/inadequacy. When EAR was not defined for a specific micronutrient, adequate intake (AI) was chosen. Energy expenditure (EE) was calculated using a validated physical activity questionnaire. Likewise, participants completed a battery of validated PF tests. The total score for each test ranged from 0 (worst) to 3 (best) points. The maximum score was 12 points. Scores of PF tests were added together and participants were divided into 3 groups (low, medium and high) using cluster statistical analyses. Data was analysed using generalized linear model.

**Results:** Inadequate intake for 11 and 8 micronutrients was observed in 9.8% and 11.4% of the subjects, respectively. More than 50% presented inadequate intakes for potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and
**Conclusions:** The IFCT2017 shows that fish is the richest source for dietary B6. The dietary intake results suggest that, intake of vitamin B6 significantly varies among all age and sex groups. The dietary intake of vitamin B6 in the rural Indian population appears to be not adequate to meet the RDA across all age groups.

**Keywords:** Vitamin B6; Dietary intake; Indian rural population; RDA; 24 hours dietary survey.

144/1850

ROLE OF A-TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN ON THE CELLULAR UPTAKE AND INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF A-TOCOPHEROL AND A-TOCOTRIENOL IN CULTURED LIVER CELLS

(1)Irías Mata, Andrea Paola; (2)Sus, Nadine; (3)Frank, Jan.

(1)MSc. Chemist. Division of Biofunctionality and Safety of Food. Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition. University of Hohenheim. Germany.; (2)BTA. Chemist. Division of Biofunctionality and Safety of Food. Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition. University of Hohenheim. Germany.; (3)PhD. Nutritionist. Division of Biofunctionality and Safety of Food. Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition. University of Hohenheim. Germany.

**Background and objectives:** Since its discovery, vitamin E and its functions have been deeply studied. However, the mechanism underlying the intracellular localization and preferential retention of α-tocopherol (αT) in the body are still incompletely understood. The liver protein α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), located in the lysosomes is suggested to be involved in the preferential transport of αT in the liver. Despite the preferred affinity for αT, previous research shows a possible interaction of α-TTP with vitamin E metabolism that protects from metabolization other forms of vitamin E. The α-TTP role in the absorption and intracellular distribution of αT, but also the others forms need to be clarified. This research focuses on αT and its unsaturated isomer α-tocotrienol (αT3).

**Methods:** Time dependent absorption of αT and αT3 in HepG2, with and without αTTP expression, was investigated. Concentrations were measured inside and outside the cells by HPLC-FD over a time period of 72 hours. Maximum absorption times were selected for the intracellular distribution. This was ascertained using a density gradient centrifugation. Therefore HepG2 cells were separated into their cell compartments, identified by Western Blot, and αT and αT3 amounts were analyzed after 24 and 6 hours incubation with 50 µM of each compound.

**Results:** A continuous uptake of αT and αT3 in cells was determined, with no significant differences after 24 h. We observed a higher cellular uptake of αT3. αTTP did not reveal a significant enhance in the concentrations of each compound in cells. Intracellular distribution of αT and αT3 showed an accumulation in lysosomes, mitochondria and plasma membrane; being stronger in lysosomes at 6 h. No significant differences were detected for intracellular distribution between cells with and without αTTP expression.

**Conclusions:** Results suggest that αTTP is not essential for the uptake of the compounds in hepatocytes; its site of action is at a later step in the intracellular processing. The intracellular distribution might be because these organelles presumed to have higher levels of oxidative stress; or because is associated with the sites where αTTP is in the hepatocytes. However, with our results, an involvement of αTTP in specific transport inside cell compartments is still unclear.

**Keywords:** α-tocopherol. α-tocotrienol. α-tocopherol transfer protein. Intracellular distribution. Cultured liver cells.

**Further collaborators:**

MSc Daniela Stock.

Collaborates as MSc student. Division of Biofunctionality and Safety of Food. Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition. University of Hohenheim. Germany.

144/1871

MICRONUTRIENTS INTAKE, BODY COMPOSITION, AND LIPOPROTEIN-LIPID CONCENTRATIONS IN OBESE WOMEN

(1)Reis, Bruna; (1)Silva Duarte, Graziela Biude; (2)Vargas-Mendez, Ernesto; (3)Ferreira Pereira, Natália Barros; (4)Cercato, Cintia;

(5)Macedo Rogero, Marcelo; (6)Franciscato Cozzolino, Silvia.

(1)MSc. Nutritionist. Laboratory of Nutrition and Minerals. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo.; (2)MSc. Biologist. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo.; (3)Student. Laboratory of Nutrition and Minerals. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo.; (4)PhD. Physician. Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.; (5)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo.; (6)PhD. Nutritionist. Laboratory of Nutrition and Minerals. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo.

**Background and objectives:** Obesity is associated with important metabolic disorders and enhances the comorbidity of related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Many micronutrients are involved in reducing the risk of such metabolic disorders. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of selected micronutrients and their relation to body composition and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations among obese women.

**Methods:** We enrolled 71 obese women recruited in the outpatient clinic of endocrinology from Clinics Hospital of São Paulo, Brazil. To evaluate the habitual consumption of micronutrients, diet assessment was accomplished by using a 3-day nonconsecutive dietary food record and entered into the NutriQuanti Online Computerized System (http://www.nutriquanti.com.br). The nutrients analyzed were calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper,
manganese, potassium, and selenium. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triacylglycerol levels (TG). Pearson's correlations were calculated between micronutrients intake and body composition variables [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference(WC)] and plasma lipoprotein-lipid variables (including the atherogenic indexes TG/HDL-c, TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios, which are powerful predictors of cardiovascular disease).

**Results:** The women aged 40.5±9.0 years and had a BMI of 35.56±5.88 kg/m² and WC of 100.20±9.27 cm. Some minerals were inversely correlated with body composition and atherogenic indexes. Magnesium intake was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.35, P = 0.003), WC (r = -0.44, P < 0.001), TC/HDL-c ratio (r = -0.26, P = 0.026), and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (r = -0.29, P = 0.013). On the other hand, this intake was positively correlated with HDL-c (r = 0.27, P = 0.023). Copper (r = -0.25, P = 0.041) and manganese intake (r = -0.30, P = 0.013) were inversely correlated with WC. Sodium intake was positively correlated with TG levels (r = 0.26, P = 0.030) and TG/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.25, P = 0.037).

**Conclusions:** These results highlight the importance of healthy eating in body composition and risk of cardiovascular diseases among obese women.

**Keywords:** Obesity; Nutritional Assessment; Micronutrients; Cardiovascular disease; Atherogenic indexes.

**Further collaborators:** Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

**Methods:** Six specialists working in the area of clinical/outpatient nutrition and researchers/teachers in the nutrition area participated in the meeting. The guests were previously given a script, containing objectives, justifications and methodology addressing information on the conduction of the "experts' panel" and harmonization of food database. The classification of food in groups proposed by the researcher, based on household food availability data between 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey, was sent to the experts for prior appraisal. During the meeting, the questions of harmonization were raised, followed by discussion.

**Results:** The panel contributed to the reorganization of food groups. The 1121 foods previously distributed in 15 groups and 33 subgroups, now consist in 14 groups and 42 subgroups. Culinary preparations and foods with a higher degree of industrialization, such as tapioca, fruit juice/soft drink, mate tea, couscous and sweetener, were some of the items that presented the greatest difficulty in being classified into groups.

**Conclusions:** The panel of experts proved to be an adequate tool to find consistent answers taking into account the experience of other professionals/researchers in the field of nutrition. The specialists' participation allowed the articulation of different visions and reduction of possible tendencies coming from the exclusive look of the researcher.

**Keywords:** Expert's panel. Nutrition. Food classification.

144/1882

ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND CHALLENGE OF FOOD CLASSIFICATION IN GROUPS: EXPERTS' PANEL REPORT

(1)de Andrade Gomes, Adriana; (2)Santos, Débora Martins; (3)Barbosa Brito, Flávia.

(1)Nutritionist. PhD Student in Food, Nutrition and Health Program. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil;

(2)PhD. Nutritionist. Adjunct Professor of the Social Nutrition Department. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil.; (3)PhD. Statistician. Adjunct Professor of the Social Nutrition Department. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** The panel of experts is a research technique employed in social sciences that is also used in investigations that include multi-method conceptions. The proposal is to bring together experts to produce suggestions for solving the doubts and gaps existing in a certain subject. One of the great challenges of assessing food consumption has been the structuring of harmonized food databases. How and where to allocate food in groups requires the structuring of defined parameters, especially when comparing the results within and between studies. The present study reports the use of this technique as a strategy to aid the decision regarding the allocation of food in groups, aiming the structuring of a harmonized food database.

144/1890

BRAZILIAN FOOD DATABASE HARMONIZATION: WHY FOOD GROUPING IS SO IMPORTANT?

(1)de Andrade Gomes, Adriana; (2)Santos, Débora Martins; (3)Barbosa Brito, Flávia.

(1)Nutritionist. PhD Student in Food, Nutrition and Health Program. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil;

(2)PhD. Nutritionist. Adjunct Professor of the Social Nutrition Department. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil.; (3)PhD.

Statistician. Adjunct Professor of the Social Nutrition Department. Rio de Janeiro State University. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Recent Brazilian population based studies analyzing food intake reports different food grouping, as shown by bibliographic research. This issue may affect the characterization of nutritional profile and restrict comparison between studies, even when they report results from the same dataset. Furthermore, the food identification through its group is almost mandatory when the goal is to develop food based approaches. As discussed by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), "food classification and description system allow to improve the ability to capture all the useful details of food groups in exposure assessments", a crucial requirement for the risk assessment process for public health nutrition intervention. Additionally, in Brazil, we need to consider our food diversity, which may introduce misunderstandings in the food identification and group allocation, especially when the intention is to compare studies within and between countries.
**Methods:** This study proposes a standardized and harmonized food classification system using data from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. The discussion was based on the Data Food Networking (DAFNE) procedures.

**Results:** Harmonization procedures were based on food characteristics (nutritional/botanical), criteria used in previous studies, international and national food classification system (Codex Alimentarius and Anvisa food) and expert panel consultation. Therefore, were built 14 main food groups and 42 subgroups.

**Conclusions:** The proposed harmonization system allowed food grouping in accordance to pre defined criteria. Our results suggests that the use of this system may improve between and within studies (at national and international levels) comparison.

**Keywords:** Food classification. Nutrition. Food composition date.

between the differences in BMI z-score and in height z-score. Confirming this result, it was observed that children with the highest BMI in 2016 were those that presented the greatest difference in height between the two evaluations (Pearson r = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.34, p<0.001).

**Conclusions:** The results observed show that there is a correlation between the greater growth in height between 2 and 5 incomplete years of age and the risk of developing overweight.

**Keywords:** Growth, Body Height, Obesity, Overweight, Preschool.

**Further collaborators:**

Janaína Paula Costa da Silva. PhD. Nutritionist. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil.

Viviane Gabriela Nascimento. PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Maternal and Child Health. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo. Brazil.

144/1893

GREATER HEIGHT GROWTH AND OVERWEIGHT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

**Background and objectives:** Not unlike the world population, which experiences an important process of nutritional transition, an important increase in the diagnosis of overweight and obesity in childhood has been observed since the 1990s. Monitoring the nutritional status of children may help identifying patterns that may lead to the development of excess weight, since investigations have considered that differences in growth and body composition during childhood are determinants of nutritional status, in childhood and/or later. The purpose of the study was to verify if there is a relation between the greater growth in height and the excess of weight in children in preschool age.

**Methods:** An analytical cohort study of a representative sample of preschool children in a city in the countryside of São Paulo - Brazil. Weight and height of the children were collected in two moments: 2014 and 2016. Based on the anthropometric data and the age, the children were evaluated according to the anthropometric indices calculated in z-score with Anthro software v.3.2.215: height for age, and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age. The data analysis was performed using the Stata statistical package, version 9.2. The study was approved by the IRB of the School of Public Health/University of São Paulo.

**Results:** The final sample consisted of 359 children, 52.9% female, who had a mean age of 2.4 years on the first evaluation, and 4.8 years on the second evaluation. There was a positive and significant correlation (Pearson r = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.37, p<0.001)

144/1902

THE POTENTIAL OF FOODBOOK24 TO COLLECT NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE NUTRIENT INTAKE DATA

**Background and objectives:** National food consumption surveys are necessary to estimate dietary intakes of populations from specified regions for the purposes of: (i) evaluating compliance with dietary guidelines (ii) identification of deficiency or excess intakes of particular foods or nutrients and (iii) to investigate food safety risks such as contaminant exposures. However, there are many constraints to conducting large surveys including significant cost, time and participant burden. The aim of this study is to investigate the comparability of data collected from the Foodbook24 (a web based dietary assessment tool developed for the Irish adult population) Proof of Principle (PoP) study to the dietary intake data from most recent Irish national food consumption survey.

**Methods:** The Foodbook24 PoP study involved the web based, self-administered 24 hour recall tool being made freely available to the Irish adult population. The data collected as part of the PoP study was weighted to represent the population of participants that completed the National Adult and Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008-2010). The comparison of weighted mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the Foodbook24 PoP study (n= 330 plausible reporters) and the mean daily nutrient intake data collected

<footnote>(1)Forster Lopes, Amanda; (2)Mara Braga Rocha, Elida; (3)Bertoli, Ciro;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Leone, Claudio.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MSc. Nutritionist. Department of Maternal and Child Health. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo. Brazil.; (2)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Nutrition. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo. Brazil.; (3)PhD. Pediatrician. Department of Maternal and Child Health. School of Public Health. University of São Paulo. Brazil.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Timon, Claire; (2)Blain, Richard; (3)Pigat, Sadrine; (4)Bompola, Foteini; (5)Walton, Janette; (6)Flynn, Albert; (7)Gibney, Eileen.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Post doctoral researcher. Institute of Food and Health. UCD. Dublin. Ireland.; (2)Research assistant. Institute of Food and Health. UCD. Dublin. Ireland; (3)Head of Food and Nutrition. Creme Global. Dublin. Ireland; (4)Food Safety Scientist. Creme Global. Dublin. Ireland; (5)Research Fellow. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences. UCC. Cork. Ireland; (6)Professor. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences. UCC. Cork. Ireland; (7)Lecturer. Institute of Food and Health. UCD. Dublin. Ireland.</footnote>
from NANS (n=1051 plausible reporters) was conducted using the
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test in Creme Nutrition® software.

**Results:** Preliminary results highlight similar mean daily intakes for the majority of nutrients investigated. Percentage difference between mean daily intakes ranged from as little as 0.5% (potassium mg/day) to 35% (vitamin C mg/day). Despite weighting the PoP survey data, there were significant differences for some nutrient intakes however, for others e.g. energy (kcal/day), carbohydrate (g/day), iron (mg/day) and sodium (mg/day), there was no significant difference.

**Conclusions:** Foodbook24 (and similar validated web based dietary assessment methods) may offer a solution to the current constraints associated with the collection of data from large populations. Although further analysis is required, Foodbook24 has potential to assist in the collection of data in national nutrition surveys and also to facilitate the collection of rolling data intermittently between surveys.

**Keywords:** Foodbook24, web based, dietary assessment, consumption survey, comparison.

144/1904

NUTRITION STATUS AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED IN OF HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE PEDIATRIC SERVICE AT HOSPITAL SÃO JOÃO PORTO

**Background and objectives:** Identifying malnourished children/adolescents at hospital admission is important for their clinical evolution and growth. It is fundamental to research the risk associated.

The aim is to assess the nutritional status of an inpatient paediatric population at the Paediatric Service/Hospital São João (PSHSJ) and identify the risk factors responsible for their nutrition status impairment.

**Methods:** We included 813 patients, between the ages of 0-18 years old, who were admitted to the PSHSJ, from 2/19/2016 to 3/30/2017. The Anthropometrics Measure (AM) include weight and length/stature and it was calculated the weight/length index (W/L) for children ≤2 years old, body mass index (BMI) for >2 years old according World Health Organization (WHO), and the

respective z-score. Based on Fenton intrauterine growth curves, the newborn was classified as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), adequate for gestational age (AGA) or large for gestational age (LGA). The results are present in the total sample and per age groups: [0-2] years; [2-5] years; [5-10] years and >10 years. Statistic analyses were performed with SPSS® and the protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Hospital São João.

**Results:** Of the 813 patients, 54,5% were males and 44,6% females on average 5,7±5,5 years. It was found 17,5% of undernutrition and 23,6% of overweight/obese on the admission. The higher frequency of undernutrition was verified in the first two years of life (25%) but in the other hand 34,8% of overweight/obese was found in school age ([5-10] years) with significant statistically difference between the groups (p=<0,001).

The multivariate analysis for children risk factors associated with child malnutrition we observed that a lower risk of undernutrition in the children/ adolescents was associated with age ([2-5] years: OR =0,320 (p=0,016); [5-10] years: OR=0,140 (p=0,002); >10 years: OR=0,005 (p=0,194)), in comparison with a younger group ([0-2] years) and birth weight (AGA: OR=0,285 (p=0,011)), in comparison with IUGR.

**Conclusions:** The results seem to indicate a very high prevalence of undernutrition, particularity in the first two years old and overweight/obese among the oldest.

This reinforces the importance of adequate nutritional assessment of the inpatient children/adolescents to prevent this deterioration during the hospitalization stay.

**Keywords:** children/adolescents, nutrition status assessment, malnutrition, risk factors

144/1910

COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF FACILITY- VERSUS COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION OF MICRO-NUTRIENT POWDERS IN RURAL UGANDA

**Background and objectives:** Micronutrient powders (MNP) are one of the few available nutrition interventions shown to reduce anemia and iron deficiency. While efficacy is well established, regular and sustained use of MNP in program settings has faced challenges. To better understand MNP delivery channels, we compared the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of facility versus community-based distribution.

<footnote>(1)Silva, Diana; (2)Silva, Sara; (3)Rola, Marta; (4)Camila, Cláudia;</footnote>

<footnote>(5)Guerra, António.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto. Nutrition and dietary unit and Integrated pediatric hospital of São João Hospital Center. Portugal; (2)Dr. Nutritionist. Integrated pediatric hospital of São João Hospital Center. Portugal; (3)MSc. Nutritionist. Nutrition and dietary unit and Integrated pediatric hospital of São João Hospital Center. Portugal; (4)PhD. Stastit. Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Service of Faculty of Medicine of Porto University. Porto; (5)PhD. Pediatrician. Nutrition unit of Integrated pediatric hospital of São João Hospital Center. Faculty of Medicine of Porto University. Porto.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Namaste, Sorrel; (2)Richardson, Belinda; (3)Ssebiryo, Francis;</footnote>

<footnote>(4)Katuntu, David.; (5)Vosti, Stephen; (6)D'Agostino, Alexis.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MHS. DrPH. Nutritionist. SPRING Project. Helen Keller International. USA.; (2)MSc. Economist. SPRING Project. John Snow Inc. USA;; (3)MSc. Monitoring and Evaluation. SPRING Project. John Snow Inc. Uganda; (4)MPH. MBA. Nutritonist. SPRING Project. John Snow Inc. Uganda; (5)PhD. Economist. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics. University of California Davis. USA.; (6)MPP. Monitoring and Evaluation. SPRING. John Snow Inc. USA.</footnote>
**Methods:** We conducted the randomized intervention study in Namutumba, Uganda. The six sub-counties in Namutumba were randomly allocated to either a health facility (HF) or voluntary health team members [(VHT) (i.e. community health worker)] distribution arm. Individual packets containing 30 MNP sachets, a two-month supply, were available to caregivers from February to November 2016. Cost data were continuously collected, and included total direct and indirect costs to NGO implementers, delivery channel providers, and beneficiaries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the end of the intervention to obtain data on the following program outcomes: coverage (consumed MNP in the previous 24 hours), intake adherence (received more than 2 packets of MNP), and appropriate use (no more than one sachet per day, MNP consumed with food, and minimum of 3 sachets consumed in the previous week). Unweighted and unadjusted data were analyzed based on intention to treat using chi-square tests.

**Results:** Data for analysis were available on 1060 children 8-23 months. Nearly all caregivers had heard of MNP (100% VHT versus 98% HF, p<0.006) and most caregivers had received MNP at least once (98% VHT versus 84% HF, p<0.001). Coverage (54% vs 33%, p<0.001), intake adherence (59% vs 15%, p<0.002), and appropriate use (39% vs 19%, p<0.001) were higher in the VHT compared to the HF arm. Preliminary data on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (taking into account costs, program outcomes, and delivery channel) indicate the VHT arm was more cost-effective.

**Conclusions:** A community-based MNP delivery channel was more effective and more cost-effective at producing desired program outcomes compared to facility-based distribution. However, the difficulty in maintaining high levels of the desired program outcomes in both the facility and community-based delivery channels, as is often the case with other behavioral change interventions, may compromise sustainability.

**Keywords:** micronutrient powder. nutritional supplementation. infant and young child feeding. cost-effectiveness. delivery.

To evaluate the prevalence of anemia in preschool children in two provinces of eastern region of Cuba and the relation to food intake.

**Methods:** Children of 6 to 59 months living in provinces of Santiago de Cuba (Mella, La Maya and Santiago de Cuba municipalities) and Holguín (Frank País, Sagua de Tánamo, Antilla and Holguín municipalities). Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by hematological cell counter ABX Micros 60 and anemia was defined as hemoglobin <110g/L in children. Food frequency questionnaire one month previous was used. The foods were classified as meat (red meat, poultry, fish and viscera), vegetables (lettuce, tomato, spinach, chard, carrot, okra, parsley and watercress), fruits (orange, tangerine, grape fruit, guava, papaya, mango, tamarind, banana, watermelon) and legumes (beans, pea, lentils, chickpea. Frequency intake was considered: "Frequently" (over 3 times a week or more), "Few Frequently" (intake below 3 times a week) and Never in this period.

**Results:** 450 children were included in the study. Anemia was found in 22.7% of the children. The percentage of children who consume meat, eggs, vegetables and legumes Frequently were low (53,5%, 47,5%, 40,3% and 30,3% respectively). Fruits were consumed Frequently in the 68.8% of the children. Poultry and Tomato were the most food intake in the respective group (36.7% and 38,1%). Anemia was significantly associated with Low Frequently intake of fruit (OR=2.26 95%CI=1.41-3.62), vegetables (OR=2.24 95%CI=1.35-3.71), legumes (OR=1.85 95%CI=1.09-3.13) and eggs (OR=1.68 95%CI=1.05-2.68).

**Conclusions:** Anemia is a moderate health problem in eastern provinces of Cuba. Low intake of meat, vegetables, eggs and legumes were found. The Low Frequently intake of food enhancer of iron absorption is the principal factor associated to anemia in children studied.

**Keywords:** Anemia, preschool children, food intake, Cuba

144/1929

ANEMIA, LOW CONSUMPTION OF IRON-CONTAINING FOODS AND ENHANCER OF IRON ABSORPTION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN OF THE EASTERN PROVINCES OF CUBA, 2016

(1)Basabe Tuero, Beatriz; (2)Pita-Rodríguez, Gisela María; (3)Puentes Márquez, Ileana; (4)Arocha Oriol, Caridad; (5)Herrera-Javier, Dania.

(1)Phd. Department of Biochemistry and physiology. National Institute of hygiene, epidemiology and Microbiology.; (2)Msc. Doctor in medicine; (3)Msc; (4)Th.

**Background and objectives:** Anemia is the main nutritional health problem in preschool children in Cuba in spite of the multiples fortified food and supplemental intervention. Iron deficiency is the principal cause of anemia; other causes are invoked such as deficiency of other micronutrients, infection and inflammation. Eastern provinces remain as the most vulnerable region of the country.

144/1931

DIETARY IRON BIOAVAILABILITY: AGREEMENT BETWEEN ESTIMATION METHODS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SERUM FERRITIN CONCENTRATIONS OF WOMEN AT CHILDBEARING AGE

(1)De Carli, Eduardo; (2)Dias, Gisele Cristina; (3)Morimoto, Juliana Massami; (4)Colli, Celia.

(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo. Brazil.; (2)BSc. Nutritionist. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo. Brazil.; (3)PhD. Nutritionist. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Mackenzie Presbyterian University. Brazil.; (4)PhD. Pharmacist. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Over the past 40 years, many iron bioavailability models have been developed aiming to re-
late diet and iron status. However, their precision and accuracy
are questionable and studies that validate their practical use are
scarce. Here, we estimated dietary iron bioavailability of women
at childbearing age using a probabilistic approach and meal-based
or complete diet-based algorithms. Also, we tested associations of
these estimates to each other and to body iron stores, according to
serum ferritin concentrations.

**Methods:** Diet was assessed by three non-consecutive computerized food records from 127 university students (18-42 years old) at apparently steady-state body iron. In a probabilistic model, simulated distributions of iron absorption values from individual diets (1-40%) were contrasted with distributions of iron physiological requirements among users and non-users of hormonal contraceptives, separately. An average iron bioavailability was assumed as that absorption of dietary iron matching with the prevalence of women whose iron requirements were not attended at the moment of evaluation (ferritin < 15 µg/L). Moreover, estimates of five different algorithms (two of them based on complete diets) were determined. The association between measurements and serum ferritin was tested by linear regression.

**Results:** Iron intake and inadequacy were 10,9 mg/d and 12,6%, respectively. Although correlated (P < 0.001), all algorithm estimates differed from unity. In particular, bioavailabilities from meal-based (11.6-12.8%) or complete diet-based algorithms (8.5-8.9%) differed (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, all these estimates diverged from that calculated by probabilistic approach (17.2%). No significant association was found between serum ferritin and bioavailability measured with Monsen et al. (1978), Reddy et al. (2000) or Armah et al. (2013) algorithms. Nevertheless, after adjusting for non-dietary variables, differences from 30 to 37% in means of serum ferritin were found between women classified according to the median or the extremes tertiles of bioavailable iron measured with Hallberg & Hulthén (2000) and Collings et al. (2013) algorithms.

**Conclusions:** Measures of dietary iron bioavailability disagree when estimated with algorithms or probabilistic model. The association between serum ferritin and estimates of two algorithms suggests good performance in ranking diets and/or meals according to bioavailable iron contents.

**Keywords:** Iron status; algorithm; probabilistic approach

**Further collaborators:**

Pryscila Dryelle Souza Teixeira. MSc. Nutritionist. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of São Paulo. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Factor analysis methods using individual dietary data are frequently employed to describe dietary patterns. However, there is a scarcity of data on individual diets while household consumption expenditure surveys (HCES) are available in many countries. So far, factor analysis methods have not been applied to household dietary data. We aim to use this data source to assess changes in diets over time.

**Methods:** We analyzed data from seven rounds of the Bangladesh Household [Income and] Expenditure Surveys (H[I]ES) from 1985 to 2010, and derived dietary patterns from 52,380 households using principal component analysis. We used logistic regression to assess associations between dietary patterns, survey years, and socioeconomic characteristics of households.

**Results:** Six dietary patterns were identified which explained 26% of the variance in dietary intake: Modern (6%); traditional fish (5%); traditional vegetables/fruits (4%); milk, snacks, and sweets (4%); and two starchy monotonous diets – one with potatoes and one with taro (3% each). All diets were present in all survey years, though a quarter of households were not associated with any identified dietary pattern. The proportion of households following the “traditional fish” and “milk, snacks, and sweets” dietary patterns declined between 1985 and 2010, while other patterns increased. All dietary patterns, except the starchy monotonous diet with taro, were associated with higher household per capita expenditure. Four diets were associated with rural locality: traditional vegetables/fruits (OR 1.4, p<0.01); milk, snacks, and sweets (OR 1.8, p<0.01); and the two starchy monotonous diets (OR 2.6, p<0.01; OR 4.0, p<0.01). Households with children had greater odds of consuming modern (OR 1.5, p<0.01); traditional vegetables/fruits (OR 1.1, p<0.01); and milk, snacks, and sweets (OR 1.8, p<0.01) diets. Two diets were associated with Hindu households: milk, snacks, and sweets (OR 1.5, p<0.01) and the starchy monotonous diet with taro (OR 1.3, p<0.01).

**Conclusions:** Dietary patterns can be identified from household consumption data and are similar to those obtained from individual data in number and amount of variance explained. In Bangladesh, dietary patterns have changed gradually over time, but change has been limited among the poorest.

**Keywords:** HCES; Dietary change; Expenditure; Bangladesh

<footnote>(1)Waid, Jillian; (2)Gabrysch, Sabine; (3)Sinharoy, Sheela.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)M.S.W., Director - Research, Learning, and Evaluation, Helen Keller International, Bangladesh Country Office, Bangladesh;</footnote>

<footnote>(2)PD Dr. med., MSc, PhD, Head, Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health University of Heidelberg, Germany; (3)MPH, PhD Candidate, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, USA.</footnote>
# CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS, SUGAR AND TOTAL FAT CONSUMPTION AMONG PRESCHOOL AGE PANAMANIAN CHILDREN

(1)Montero, Ivania; (2)Farro, Katherine; (3)Rios, Israel; (4)De Caballero, Eira.

(1)Nutritionist.Nutrition and Dietetic Department.Medicine School.University of Panama.Panama City. Panama;

(2)Nutritionist.Nutrition and Dietetic Department.Medicine School.University of Panama.Panama City.Panama; (3)MSc.

Nutritionist. Nutrition and Dietetic Department. Medicine School. University of Panama. Panama City. Panama; (4)MPH.

Nutritionist.Nutrition and Dietetic Department. Medicine School. University of Panama. Panama City.Panama.

**Background and objectives:** The increased prevalence of infant obesity is a current public health concern in Panama. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional status, sugar and total fat consumption among preschool-age children in institutional kinder gardens in Panama.

**Methods:** A cross-sectional study with 100 preschool-age children in three institutional kinder gardens at Panama District (Pedregal, San Francisco and Parque Lefevre). Data was collected from January-March 2016. A semi-quantitative food frequency questioner was used to estimate sugar and total fat consumption and was sought from the Institute of Nutrition for Central America and Panama Food Composition Table. Anthropometric (weight and height) were using to calculate HAZ and BAZ according with WHO2008 growth standards.

**Results:** Mean age and standard deviation (SD) was 49.6±14.0 months (45%) female. The forty percent was classified as overweight, 62.5% reported a high and very high consumption of sugar. Sugar consumption geometrical mean and ±1SD was found higher in overweight 531 (293.2-961.2) g/week than in non-overweight 237 (132.1-426.2) g (ttest, p<0.05).

**Conclusions:** High prevalence of overweight was observed. The sugar and total fat consumption was very high taking into consideration the WHO recommendations. Nutrition policy should be put in place in order to regulate the consumption of ultra-processed and sugar drinks among preschool age children. Nutrition education could be used to promote healthy eating habit among overall school community (parents, teachers, principal and community).

**Keywords:** Infant Obesity, Nutrition, Dietary intake, Malnutrition.

# KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS CONSUMPTION AMONG PEOPLE WHO ATTEND GYMS IN PANAMA

(1)De La Cruz, Danaé; (1)Cargill, Ariel; (2)Rios-Castillo, Israel.

(1)Nutritionists, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Medicine School, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama; (2)MSc, Nutritionist, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Medicine School, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.

**Background and objectives:** The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and practices of consumption of protein supplements in people who exercise in gyms in Panama City and the relationship between the protein supplementation and the knowledge that individuals have about it.

**Methods:** It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 163 subjects who exercise in five gyms of Panama City were part of this study. A survey of 24 questions was applied divided in three categories: demographic information, knowledge of protein and information on the protein consumption. The univariable statistical analysis was performed by means of the Chi2 test.

**Results:** Forty nine percent of the participants were using protein supplements. Of those who consumed protein 41.3% had adequate knowledge and 58.8% had inadequate knowledge. The main reason for the consumption of protein supplements was to increase muscle mass (36%). The most commonly used protein supplement was whey protein and the person who encouraged the consumption of these supplements was the trainer. No significant relationship was found in relating the knowledge of the participants regarding the previous knowledge of side effects at the p = 0.078. In assessing whether participants continue to use protein supplements despite knowing the risks associated with excessive intake, 60% said no, while 40% would continue use. The intake of protein supplements has become a common practice among people attending the gym.

**Conclusions:** The results show that the use and consumption pattern of protein supplements among those who attend gyms in Panama City, were found to be similar to those who exercise at gym around the world. It is needed more scientific evidence to know if they are actually working and not attributing the achievement to a placebo effect or some other external factor. As future research discovers additional problems with excessive supplementation, it will be important to educate people about the known risks and how they can obtain the right amount of protein through food and avoid consuming supplements.

**Keywords:** protein supplements, gym, knowledge, consumption of supplements, physical activity.
# URINARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCRETION IN ADULT POPULATION FROM QUITO

(1)López, Pablo; (2)Muñoz, Fabián.

(1)MD. MSc. Professor. Human Nutrition Undergraduate Program. Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE).; (2)Estadístico. VISOR Statistical Analysis. Quito.Ecuador.

**Background and objectives:** High sodium intake and potassium reduction in the diet are associated with the increase of blood pressure. Identifying sodium and potassium intake is important in order to estimate the risk of high blood pressure

**Methods:** Through a sectional study of 117 cases, 43.6% males (n = 51) and 56.4% (n = 66) females, aged between 25-64 years, we analyzed 24-hour urine samples using the automated Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) to measure urinary sodium and potassium levels. The participants, Quito residents, did not report diagnosis of hypertensive disease, heart disease, nephropathy or change in their eating habits three months before the study.

**Results:** The average consumption of sodium estimated by 24-hour urinary excretion is 169.2 mEq/L, being higher in males (187.8 mEq/L) than in females (154.7 mEq/L). Moreover, the indicated values far exceed the safety recommendations for normotensive populations (90 to 130 mEq/L). The average of salt intake reached was 9.7 g / day, higher in men than in women (10.8 g/d and 8.9 g/d, respectively). Moreover, 94.1% of the men exceed the safe levels of their consumption (<6 g/d), in the case of women reached 72.7%. On the other hand, potassium consumption reached 44.4 mEq/L, below the recommended minimum of the ion (50 mEq/L). Overall, we noticed a significant imbalance of the sodium: potassium relation that is 3.8: 1, well above of the tolerable optimal ratio (1.4: 1).

**Conclusions:** The adults from the study show high sodium intake and low potassium that would result in adverse effects to maintain blood pressure levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

**Keywords:** sodium, potassium, intake dietary

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. This study was funded by PUCE.

**Further collaborators:**

Francisco Coronel. Nutricionist. Human Nutrition Undergraduate Program. Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE).

# ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENTS DIETARY INTAKE IN FEMALE SEMI-PROFESSIONAL CLASSICAL BALLET DANCERS

(1)Barbosa, Giovanna; (1)Ferreira, Rannapaula; (1)Avelino, Erikarla;

(2)Leal, Leilane; (3)Nunes, Adriana; (4)Vale, Sancha; (5)Leal Lima Maciel, Bruna.

(1)Nutrition Student. Nutrition Department. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil; (2)MSc Student. Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Nutrition Department. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil; (3)PhD. Clinical Medicine Department. University Onofre Lopes Hospital. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil.; (4)PhD. Nutrition Department. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil;

(5)PhD. Postgraduate Nutrition Program. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Classical female ballet dancers are dependent in aesthetic and weight for performance, which may increase the risk for energy intake imbalance. Nevertheless, little is known about eating behaviors of trained classical ballet dancers. This study aimed to investigate energy and macronutrient intake of semi-professional female classical ballet dancers.

**Methods:** Twelve female classical ballet dancers were evaluated for energy and macronutrients intake, comparing the results with sedentary women, matched by age (total mean age 26.05 ± 9.94 years). Three 24 h recall were done for each participant. Energy intake and requirements were estimated using the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Differences between dietary intakes and daily requirements were performed for data analysis. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed and results are shown as median – interquartile range. Wilcoxon test was used to compare differences in energy and macronutrients intake vs requirements in the same group. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two studied groups.

**Results:** Classical ballet dancers showed a high energetic imbalance when compared to sedentary controls (-857.71 – 1027.57 Kcal vs -126.61 – 891.56 Kcal, p = 0.034). Carbohydrate energy contribution in dietary intake was lower in classical ballet dancers when compared to sedentary controls (52.13 – 7.18% vs 56.03 – 8.12%, p = 0.047). Lipid and protein energy contribution in dietary intake were not different between groups, with medians of 29.01 – 9.55% and 17.40 – 6.41%, respectively. Nevertheless, classical ballet dancers consumed significantly more protein per body weight when compared to sedentary controls (1.64 – 1.24 g.Kg-1 vs 1.31 – 0.51 1.24 g.Kg-1, p = 0.025). Fiber intake was lower than recommended in both groups, and classical ballet dancers intake was -8.39 – 7.36 g less than recommended (p = 0.005).

**Conclusions:** We conclude that the evaluated semi-professional ballet dancers energy intake is significantly less than recommended and that macronutrient balance can be improved. Thus, energy and macronutrients intake are important aspects for further investigation and analysis in this group.

**Keywords:** food intake, fiber, carbohydrate, protein, lipids.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A REDUCED PROTOCOL FOR THE DEUTERIUM OXIDE DOSE-TO-MOTHER TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES

(1)Houghton, Lisa; (2)Liu, Zheng; (3)Preston, Thomas; (4)Slater, Christine; (5)Diana, Aly; (6)Gibson, Rosalind; (7)Duffull, Stephen.

(1)Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand; (2)PhD. Pharmacometric modeller. School of Pharmacy. University of Otago. New Zealand.; (3)PhD. Professor. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre. University of Glasgow. United Kingdom.; (4)PhD. Nutritionist. Independent. United Kingdom.; (5)MD, MSc, PhD candidate. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand; (6)PhD. Emeritus Professor. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand.; (7)PhD. Professor. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand.

**Background and objectives:** Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices can be assessed by quantifying infant water intake from sources other than human milk using a stable isotope deuterium oxide dose-to-the-mother (DTM) technique. While the DTM technique is non-invasive and relatively simple to perform, seven days of post-dose saliva sample collections from mother and infant over a 14-day study period makes it unsuitable for routine use in a public health setting. The purpose of this study was to determine if the DTM protocol could be reduced to a more practical design, which correctly classifies EBF practices with acceptable accuracy.

**Methods:** An existing DTM dataset collected using a stand-
ardised protocol from 9 countries was available and consisted of
790 mother-infant pairs. For the purpose of development and
evaluation of a reduced protocol, the data were randomly split into
i) model building (565 pairs) and ii) evaluation (225 pairs). The
model building dataset was considered the gold standard to assess
the reduced protocol. For each potential reduced design, a previ-
ously established model was fitted to the data, using a fully Bayes-
ian framework, and mother-infant pairs were assigned to EBF or
non-EBF categories based a non-milk water intake cut-off. The op-
erating characteristics of the reduced protocol were assessed using
sensitivity and specificity.

**Results:** One-day post-dose sample designs from days 3-9 were considered, however model fitting was unsuccessful in all cases. All combinations of two-day post-dose designs resulted in successful assignment of infants to a breastfeeding category and could be evaluated. The best EBF practice allocation characteristics were demonstrated (i.e., >95% sensitivity and specificity) for a single sample at any time between each of days 7-9 and days 13-14. Evaluation of this design provided acceptable agreement. In addition, a number of two-day post-dose designs over a shorter period (days 5-9) were also considered satisfactory with >90% sensitivity and specificity.

**Conclusions:** A less time and resource intensive DTM two-
day post-dose sampling design was found to be capable of separat-
ing EBF from non-EBF practices in infants and was comparable to

the full sampling protocol. The design included sampling window
periods to allow flexibility for field use.

**Keywords:** infants, exclusive breastfeeding, deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique, human milk

**Further collaborators:**

Theodosia Adom, Thushari Bandara, David Bansa, Christian Edward Brown-Appiah, Anna Coutsoudis, Katherine Curi, Ur-mila Deshmukh, Suzanne Filteau, Manjula Hettiarachchi, Mon-ica Mazariegos, Helen Mulol, Shadrack Oiye, Victor Owino, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Tinku Thomas, Pattanee Winnachagoon, Gerado Weisstaub, William Wong

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT QUALITY OF SELECTED ASIAN DISHES USING THE HEALTHY RECIPE FRAMEWORK CRITERIA

(1)Sacdalan-Africa, Leila Sacdalan-Africa; (2)Ramos-Buenviaje, Rhoda Joy; (3)Principe, Meyrick.

(1)Associate Professor. Institute of Human Nutrition and Food.
College of Human Ecology. University of the Philippines Los Baños; (2)Nutrition and Health Manager. Unilever. Philippines;
(3)Nutrition Executive. Unilever. Philippines.

**Background and objectives:** The Healthy Recipe Frame-
work (HRF) contains nutrition criteria to assess the nutrition
quality of a dish, meal or food item as encouraging, good-for-you;
or healthy-for-you. The criteria are based on international gener-
ally accepted dietary recommendations as recommended by the
Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition
and Prevention of Chronic Disease. This study was conducted to
assess the nutrient quality of selected 75 popular dishes from Chi-
na, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,
and Vietnam using the HRF criteria.

**Methods:** The nutrient content analysis of each recipe was done using the recipe calculator specially developed by Unilever in Microsoft Excel for the HRF analysis. The recipe calculator compute the energy, nutrients and the following: percentage of the amount of recommended ingredient; total amount of vegetable per serving; percentage of energy content from protein, carbohydrates, sugar, fats, saturated, and trans fatty acid; amount of fibre per 100 kcal energy content; amount of sodium per 100g of recipe; and amount of sodium per energy content. Most importantly it indicates if the recipe satisfies the encouraging; good-for-you; and healthy-for-you criteria and identify the component(s) why the recipe did not pass. The nutrient database was mostly from the United States Department of Agriculture Food Composition Table.

**Results:** Results showed that more than half(67%) of the rec-
ipes are encouraging; but only 12 recipes(16%) and one(1%) dish
were considered as good-for-you and healthy-for-you recipes, re-
spectively. The common reason why 33% of the recipes did not
pass any criteria was the use of meat with fat (48%) and refined
carbohydrate sources(36%). Almost three quarter(74%) of the encouraging recipes did not qualify to be good-for-you recipes primarily because of higher amount of sodium(76%) and saturated fats(25%) in the dishes. Only one recipe was considered healthy because the others have unmet requirements for vegetable(91%), carbohydrates(83%) and fibre(75%), among others.

**Conclusions:** Most of the Asian recipes analysed in this study conformed with the encouraging but only few(<15%) satisfied the good-for-you criteria. The HRF framework is useful for healthy recipe development and for improving recipes and meals to be healthier.

**Keywords:** Healthy recipe framework criteria, nutrition quality of recipe, nutrient content analysis, recipe calculator

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** The main author was commissioned by Unilever Philippines to undertake the study.

starchy roots to the draft FBR and disappearance of folate as problem nutrient. Including only first recalls resulted in 7 additional foods selected and increased or reduced daily servings depending on the food compared to repeated recalls. This resulted only in a modest increase of maximum weekly frequencies. The same problem nutrients were identified.

**Conclusions:** The decision to use reported frequencies instead estimated frequencies influenced the draft FBR and problem nutrients to a larger extent than the decision to use one or two recalls. To improve feasibility of FBR it is recommended to include the recall of frequencies in the dietary assessment method.

**Keywords:** sensitivity, linear programming, 24-h recalls, frequencies, food-based recommendations

144/2020

SENSITIVITY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO MODEL PARAMETER AND CONSTRAINT DECISIONS

**Background and objectives:** Optifood is a tool to develop food-based recommendations (FBR) and identify problem nutrients by linear programming. Model parameters and constraints are derived from local dietary intake data and determine to a large extent the outcomes of the programming. However, the sensitivity of outcomes to decisions on dietary intake data to be used, is largely unknown.

**Methods:** Based on repeated 24-h recalls of 62 Kenyan children (4-6) Optifood was used to develop food-based recommendations and identify problem nutrients for scenarios using model parameters and constraints defined by one or two recalls and reported or estimated weekly frequencies of foods consumed. For all scenarios foods consumed by >3% of the children were selected and median daily servings were calculated. Minimum and maximum weekly frequencies for (sub)foodgroups and foods were defined as resp. 5th and 95th percentile of the intake distribution.

**Results:** Using two repeated recalls and reported weekly frequencies 37 non-condiment foods were selected for linear programming analyses. Draft FBR consisted of 21 daily servings of grains, 4 servings of legumes/nuts, 28 servings of vegetables, 7 servings of fruits, and 8, 7 and 7 servings of dairy, fish/eggs and added fats per week, respectively. Folate, vitamin A and zinc were identified as problem nutrients. Using estimated frequencies resulted in an increase of foods included in analyses (59) and increased minimum and maximum weekly frequencies of most (sub)foodgroups. This resulted in the addition of 3 servings of

144/2021

FAT MASS INDEX VERSUS BODY MASS INDEX TO ASSESS OBESITY IN MEXICAN CHILDREN

**Background and objectives:** Body mass index (BMI, weight (kg)/height (m)2) is frequently used to classify a child as overweight or obese, but it cannot distinguish fat mass (FM) and lean body mass. The fat mass index (FMI, FM (kg)/height (m)2) can be derived using bioelectrical impedance. The aim of this study was to determine differences in estimation of childhood obesity using BMI Z-score or FMI in children.

**Methods:** Children had participated in the POSGRAD (Pregnatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development) study. At age 8-10 years, height and weight were measured according to standard protocols and body composition was assessed using a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Impedimed DF50) with validated equations for Mexican children. FM calculated was then used for FMI final calculation, (FM (kg)/height (m)2). BMIZ was calculated using WHO reference and obesity was defined as BMIZ > 2 SD or FMI ≥ 6.6 kg/m2 in boys and ≥ 9.5 kg/m2 in girls, values previously used in literature.

**Results:** We included 281 boys and 255 girls. Mean body weight, percent body fat, BMIZ, and FMI were 32kg, 28.5%, 0.71,

<footnote>(1)Borgonjen-van den Berg, Karin; (2)de Vries, Jan; (2)Kujinga, Prosper;</footnote>

<footnote>(2)Brouwer, Ingeborg.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Research Dietician. Division of Human Nutrition. Wageningen University. The Netherlands.; (2)PhD. Nutritionist. Division of Human Nutrition. Wageningen University. The Netherlands.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Barrios, Pamela L.; (2)Rivera, Juan; (3)Garcia-Feregrino, Raquel;</footnote>

<footnote>(4)Barraza-Villarreal, Albino; (5)Romieu, Isabelle; (6)Gonzalez-Casanova, Ines; (6)Stein, Aryeh.; (6)Ramakrishnan, Usha; (7)Hoffman, Daniel J.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MSc. Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University. United States.; (2)PhD. Health and Nutrition Research Center. National Institute of Public Health. Mexico.; (3)MSc. Health and Nutrition Research Center. National Institute of Public Health. Mexico.; (4)PhD. Population Health Research Center. National Institute of Public Health. Mexico.; (5)MD. Population Health Research Center. National Institute of Public Health. Mexico.; (6)PhD. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University. United States.; (7)PhD. Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University. United States.</footnote>
and 5.3 and 31kg, 31.5%, 0.60, and 5.8, for boys and girls respectively. Using BMIZ, approximately 25% of boys and 16% of girls were classified as obese compared to 5% and 31%, respectively, using the FMI.

**Conclusions:** The use of BMIZ resulted in a higher estimate of obesity among boys and a lower estimate of obesity among girls compared to the FMI. These results are important as population studies and program evaluations using BMIZ may generate inaccurate estimates of childhood obesity. An important policy change could be to promote the use of relatively inexpensive body composition methods to improve estimates childhood obesity by using FMI instead of BMIZ.

**Keywords:** children, nutritional status, obesity, fat mass, BMI, FMI, %FM

**Further collaborators:**

Supported by NIH grants HD-043099, HD-058818 and Grant Sectorial CONACYT 202062

144/2028

IS DRINKING MATE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR DIET QUALITY AND FOOD AND NUTRIENT INTAKES AMONG SOUTH AMERICAN ADULTS?

**Background and objectives:** Mate, a beverage made from the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, is widely consumed in South America. High intakes of mate, and the habit of adding sugar may affect diet by replacing meals and increasing total sugar intake. We assessed whether mate consumption is associated with diet quality and quantity among adults aged 35-74 years in four South American cities in Argentina (Bariloche and Marcos Paz), Chile (Temuco) and Uruguay (Canelones).

**Methods:** Cross-sectional analysis on data from baseline of CESCAS (Centro de Excelencia en Salud Cardiovascular del Cono Sur) I, a population-based prospective cohort study. We included participants with available socio-demographic and dietary data (n=5458). Diet was assessed using a validated 126-item food-frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMeD) Scores, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to these patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations of quartiles (Q) of mate consumption with energy-adjusted food and nutrient intakes and diet quality scores (converted to a 0-100 scale) adjusting for age, gender, education, and city. Subgroup analysis was conducted (participants that added sugar/ those that didn't.)

**Results:** 57% of participants drank mate daily; those who drank mate had an average intake of 1.3 liters per day and 34% of them added sugar to at least half of their mate beverage servings. Mate consumption was associated with more bread intake(p<0.001). Among participants who didn't add sugar, diet quality and consumption of other foods were independent of mate consumption. However, participants in Q4 with the habit of adding sugar reported higher intakes of sweet and sugars, energy and carbohydrates, and lower intakes of dairy products, fiber, vitamins C, retinol, calcium, zinc and iron compared to participants in Q1(p<0.001). In addition, in the same subgroup, differences between Q4vs.Q1 in diet quality scores were: AHEI-2010:-3.73 (95%CI -4.95;-2.50); DASH:-3.75(-5.81;-1.81) and AMeD:-8.77(-6.00;-11.56).

**Conclusions:** Higher consumption of mate was significantly associated with higher consumption of bread. When the habit of adding sugar was present, food and nutrient intakes as well as adherence to healthy diet patterns were negatively affected.

**Keywords:** Ilex paraguariensis, South America, mate, diet, diet quality

**Further collaborators:**

Nora Mores. MD. Secretaría de Salud. Municipio de Marcos Paz. Argentina

Matias Calandrelli. MD. Sanatorio San Carlos. Bariloche. Argentina

<footnote>(1)Elorriaga, Natalia; (2)Irazola, Vilma; (3)Gutierrez, Laura;</footnote>

<footnote>(4)Defagó, Maria Daniela; (5)Poggio, Rosana; (6)Lanas, Fernando;</footnote>

<footnote>(7)Ponzo, Jacqueline; (8)Danaei, Goodarz; (9)Mozaffarian, Dariush;</footnote>

<footnote>(5)Rubinstein, Adolfo.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MSc. BSc. Nutritionist, South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy. Escuela de Nutrición. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Argentina.; (2)MD. MSc. South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy. CONICET. Buenos Aires. Argentina.; (3)BSc. MSc. South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy. Argentina;</footnote>

<footnote>(4)PhD. Nutritionist. South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy. CONICET. Argentina.; (5)MD. MSc. PhD. South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy. CONICET. Argentina.; (6)MD. MSc. Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco. Chile.; (7)MD. MSc. Universidad de la República. Uruguay.; (8)MD. MSc. ScD. Department of Global Health and Population. Department of Epidemiology. Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health. United States of America; (9)BS. MD. MPH. PhD. Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. United States of America.</footnote>
SODIUM AND IODINE URINARY EXCRETION
AND YOUR RELATION WITH BLOOD PRESS-
URE LEVELS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON
SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RIO DE JANEIRO

**Background and objectives:** Excess consumption of iodine and sodium has been studied due to high consumption of ultraprocessed and processed foods and its relation with the development of diseases in early stages of life. The objective of this study was to describe the urinary excretion of sodium and iodine in schoolchildren related to pressure levels and anthropometric profile.

**Methods:** It was a cross-sectional study realized with school-
children aged 6-16y at Rio de Janeiro city. Anthropometric data,
blood pressure levels, familial historic of arterial hypertension and
spot urine samples was collected. The urine samples were analyz-
ed by Flame Photometry to obtain sodium concentration and by
Spectrophotometry by the Sandell-Kolthoff method for iodine.
Descriptive (mean, SD, median, maximum and minimum) and
inferential (Mann Whitney for mean comparison and Pearson and
Spearman correlation) statistics were realized. The significance
level was 0.05.

**Results:** The sample consisted in 109, which 52,4% were man and 78% adolescents. Overweight and obesity was present in 35,4%. There was 9.2% of changes in BP and 23.6% had parents with AH. The sons of hypertensive parents had an average of SBP higher than those whose parents weren't hypertensive (P=0.012). The daily sodium intake was 2448.4±2186.8mg/day and 41.9% had ingestion above the UL. The daily salt intake was 6.2±5.6g/day and 48.4% was classified with higher intake. The iodine intake was 381.5±185,9µg/day, being classified as insufficient (3.2%), more than adequate (17.2%) and excessive (65.6%). The sodium intake prevalence ≥1500mg/day was about 55,9% and the iodine intake ≥200µg/day was about 82,8%.

**Conclusions:** Sodium and iodine intake weren't different by sex, anthropometric status and blood pressure classification. Schoolchildren which parents had hypertension showed sodium mean intake upper than that which parents hadn't. The sample showed excessive sodium intake like salt and iodine. This fact is a risk factor to chronic noncommunicable diseases, like AH, kidney, heart and thyroid diseases. Studies like that may increase the use of this measure as an indicator of the level of these minerals and can give directions to intervention strategies, in the field of health and education.

**Keywords:** Iodine - Sodium - Urine - Schoolchildren

ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS, DIET
QUALITY AND DIFFERENCE IN FOOD INTAKE
BETWEEN WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT POLY-
CYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

**Background and objectives:** Scientific evidence indicates overweight/obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Excess weight aggravates the syndrome through metabolic disorders. It is likely that one of the contributing factors to overweight in women with PCOS is inadequate food intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the food intake and the nutritional status of patients with and without PCOS treated at School Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia.

**Methods:** A case-control study was conducted with 67 wom-
en (34 cases). For anthropometric evaluation, the measurement of
weight and height, used to calculate body mass index (BMI), and
waist circumference (WC) were made. Both values obtained were
evaluated by the classification of the World Health Organization.
To evaluate body composition, especially to quantify lean mass
and body fat, electric bioimpedance was performed. To evaluate
the quality of food intake, a 24-hour food recall was made. Subse-
quently, the data was used to obtain the score using the Brazilian
Healthy Eating Index (BHEI).

**Results:** There was no significant difference between the mean of the age (25.24±0.68 vs. 25.12±0.71; p=0.899), WC (88.0 vs. 79.0; p=0.158), BMI (25.8 vs. 22.9; p=0.221), percent lean tissue mass (68.4 vs. 70.5; p=0.175) and body fat (31.6 vs. 28.7; p=0.078) of the PCOS group and healthy women, respectively. In dietary analysis, the consumption of total energy (1425 vs. 1666; p=0.075), carbohydrate (627.3 vs. 735.4; p=0.137), protein (269.9 vs. 313.2; p=0.055), fat (407.6 vs. 554.6; p=0.208), cholesterol (150.7 vs. 188.2; p=0.060) and saturated fat (10.6 vs. 9.3; p=0.981) were similar between the groups. However, the PCOS group had lower consumption of fiber compared to the control group (8.8 vs. 11.6, respectively; p=0.018). Regarding the BHEI, in the PCOS group 72% (n=24) showed “needs improvement”, 24% (n=8) showed “inadequate diet” and only one participant showed “good diet” while in the control group 76% (n=26) showed “needs improvement” and 24% (n=8) showed “inadequate diet”.

<footnote>(1)Rodrigues, Lúcia; (2)Aguiar, Cynthia; (3)Teodoro, Anderson;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Rodrigues, Maria de Lourdes.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)PhD University Teacher of Nutrition at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; (2)Nutritionist graduated at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; (3)MsD University Teacher of Nutrition at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Bernardes da Cunha, Nayara; (2)Mendes Silva, Catarina; (3)Toffoli Ribeiro, Camila; (4)Japur de Sá Rosa e Silva, Ana Carolina; (5)Abadia De-Souza, Daurea.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Nutritionist. Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences. School of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia/MG. Brazil.; (2)Nutritionist. Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences. School of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.; (3)MSc. Doctor. Department of gynecology and obstetrics. School of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil; (4)PhD. Doctor. Department of gynecology and obstetrics. School of Medicine. University of Sao Paulo. Ribeirao Preto. Brazil.; (5)PhD. Doctor. School of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.</footnote>
**Conclusions:** Both groups showed no significant difference in anthropometric evaluation and dietary pattern. However, women with PCOS presented lower consumption of fiber compared to women without the syndrome. Therefore, women with and without PCOS need to improve eating habits to avoid overweight/obesity.

**Keywords:** Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutritional status. Food intake. Diet quality.

144/2051

A LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR RAPID, MOBILE-BASED DETERMINATION OF INFLAMMATION

(1)Gannon, Bryan Gannon; (2)Erickson, David; (3)Mehta, Saur.

(1)PhD. Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT). Division of Nutritional Sciences. Cornell University. USA.; (2)PhD. Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT). Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Cornell University. USA.; (3)MBBS ScD. Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT). Division of Nutritional Sciences. Cornell University. USA.

**Background and objectives:** Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase protein, and its measurement is recommended for adjustment of nutritional biomarkers for inflammation by the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) working group. Traditional AGP quantification is not widely available in resource limited settings and uses assays that require sample processing and shipment, laboratory and personnel resources, and hours to days to complete a test. We sought to develop an inexpensive, mobile-based, and rapid diagnostic test to quantify AGP.

**Methods:** We developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) designed to work in conjunction with the Cornell NutriPhone platform. In the LFIA, gold nanoparticles are conjugated to anti-AGP antibodies and generate a variable colorimetric signal based on the concentration of AGP in the sample. This can be quantified by the processing of an image captured by a mobile camera. We evaluated whether the LFIA could discriminate a range of concentrations of purified AGP in buffer and subsequently evaluated the assay's ability to quantify AGP and discriminate elevated concentrations (i.e. > 1 mg/mL) in diluted human serum (n=7) and serum spiked with purified AGP (to increase by 2 mg/mL, n=7) relative to an automated immunoturbidimetric assay.

**Results:** The first stage of the LFIA was able to distinguish purified AGP with a quantification range of 0.25 – 2.5 µg/mL (R2=0.89). Mean ± SD unspiked serum AGP concentration by immunoturbidimetric assay was 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/mL (range 0.28 – 0.42 mg/mL). The LFIA results were significantly correlated with the immunoturbidimetric assay for all samples (y=0.76x + 0.37,

R2=0.84). Initial sensitivity and specificity were compliant with World Health Organization specifications for a point of care diagnostic test.

**Conclusions:** The AGP LFIA demonstrated reasonable accuracy when compared to a commercial immunoturbidimetric assay and is inexpensive, portable, and can provide results within 15 minutes. This assay can be integrated into the NutriPhone platform to obtain multiple biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation in diverse and resource limited settings. Further development will focus on evaluating human serum with a wider range of endogenous AGP concentrations and ensuring the LFIA can distinguish elevated AGP concentrations closer to the suggested cutoff.

**Keywords:** AGP, biomarker, lateral flow assay, point-of-care

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** DE and SM have equity interest in a diagnostic start up focused on measurement of nutritional biomarkers at the point-of-care utilizing the results from their research.

144/2052

VITAMIN B12 INTAKE AND STATUS IN EARLY PREGNANCY IN WOMEN IN SOUTHERN INDIA

(1)Guetterman, Heather; (2)Kurpad, Anura; (2)Dwarkanath, Pratibha;

(3)Bose, Beena; (2)Thomas, Tinku; (4)Finkelstein, Julia.

(1)BSc. Division of Nutritional Sciences. Cornell University. Ithaca NY. United States.; (2)PhD. St. John's Research Institute. Bangalore. India.; (3)MSc. St. John's Research Institute. Bangalore. India.;

(4)PhD. Division of Nutritional Sciences. Cornell University. Ithaca NY. United States. St. John's Research Institute. Bangalore. India.

**Background and objectives:** Vitamin B12 deficiency is common during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine dietary correlates of vitamin B12 status in a cohort study of pregnant women during the first trimester in Southern India.

**Methods:** Pregnant women (n=419) were enrolled before 12 weeks of gestation and monitored to assess dietary intake and vitamin B12 status during pregnancy. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate dietary intake during the past three months. Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were assessed via electrochemiluminescence in maternal samples at enrollment. Linear and binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary intake of nutrients and food groups with vitamin B12 concentrations and deficiency (<150 pmol/L) during the first trimester.

**Results:** Median dietary intake of vitamin B12 was 1.73 g (IQR: 1.10-2.45) per day, and median maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were 126.9 (IQR: 89.6, 172.2) pmol/L at baseline. A total of 64% of women were vitamin B12 deficient (<150 pmol/L) at their first prenatal visit. Increased consumption of refined grains, fish, red meat, egg-based foods, organ meat, and total meat; and vitamin B12, methionine, iodine, cholesterol, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with increased vitamin B12 concentrations (p<0.05). In analyses of vitamin B12 deficien-
cy, animal-source foods, including fish, egg-based foods, and or-
gan meat were associated with lower risk of vitamin B12 deficien-
cy (p<0.05). In nutrient analyses, increased intake of vitamin B12
(RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.93, p=0.0001), methionine (RR: 0.73,
95% CI: 0.54-0.98, p<0.05), selenium (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-0.99,
p<0.05), cholesterol (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-0.99, p<0.001), and
saturated, monosaturated, and omega-3 (linolenic acid, eicoasap-
entanoic acid, docosahexanoic acid) and omega-6 (docosapenta-
noic acid, arachidonic acid) polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05)
were associated with lower risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.

**Conclusions:** The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was high early in pregnancy in this population. Inadequate dietary intake of animal-based foods and low consumption of vitamin B12, methionine, cholesterol, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fatty acids predicted increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.

**Keywords:** Vitamin B12, dietary intake, pregnancy, India

144/2053

PERCENT BODY FAT PREDICTION USING BODY
MASS, STATURE AND ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFER-
ENCE IN ADULTS SEEN IN THE FAMILY DOCTOR
PRIMARY CARE PROGRAM UNITS IN NITERÓI,
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL

**Background and objectives:** Body mass (M), stature (S) and abdominal circumference (AC) are routinely measured in adults seen in Primary Health Care Units. Indicators are developed from these measures and used in nutritional and risk assessment for diseases. They could also be used to estimate percent body fat (%BF) if validated prediction equations (PE) are available for the specific population. To this end, the purpose of the present study was to validate a series of %BF in adults (≥45y) seen in the Family Doctor Primary Care Program (FD) units in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

**Methods:** The tested %BF PE were developed in a probability sample of adults (≥20y) from Niterói and included BM, S and AC (R2 between 0.83 and 0.88). A sample of 518 subjects (329 women) seen in the FD units in Niterói participated in the study. BM, S and AC measures were obtained by trained researchers in the FD units. BMI (BM/S2) was used to assess the nutritional status. The subjects were invited to come to the research laboratory where %BF was obtained by DXA. The significance of the difference (bias) between predicted (%BFp) and measured (%BFm) %BF was

determined by paired t-Student tests. The % bias [(%BFp -%BF-
m/%BFm)\*100] was calculated. In addition, multiple regression
models to predict %BF against the anthropometric measures were
conducted with the data from the 518 subjects.

**Results:** Age of the 518 subjects varied from 45-92y (mean±SD, 59.6±9.7y). Mean %BFm was 41.8 (±5.7) and 28.3 (±6.8) for women and men, respectively. Overweight (25≥BMI<30kg/m²) was observed in 38.9% of the women and 39.8% were obese (BMI ≥30kg/m²). In men, these prevalences were 43.9 and 19.6%, respectively. Non-significant %BF biases were observed in 45-60y-old men (-0.5±5.4 representing -0.6±23.0%); 60-70y-old women (0.5±3.3 representing 1.5±8.3%); and ≥70y-old women (0.2±3.7 representing 1.3±10.1%). The developed %BF PE was [31.453-(350.294\*1/BMI)-(12.558\*Sex(Male=1;Female=0))+(0.242\*AC)]; R²=0.82 and SEE=3.75.

**Conclusions:** The population specific %BF PE was not ade-
quate for all segments of patients seen in the FD units. The devel-
oped PE includes BM, S and AC and might be an useful instru-
ment to estimate the %BF using routine anthropometric measures
obtained in adults seen in FD units.

**Keywords:** Nutrition Assessment, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Public Health

144/2056

VALIDITY OF SKINFOLD PREDICTIVE EQUA-
TIONS TO DETERMINE BODY COMPOSITION IN
ADULTS FROM PRIMARY HEALTH CARE UNITS
IN NITERÓI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL

**Background and objectives:** Body composition (BC) information is important for nutritional assessment but its widespread use depends on accurate and feasible methods. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of skinfold predictive equations to determine BC in adults (≥ 50 years) seen in Primary Health Care Units or enrolled in physical activity programs.

**Methods:** Two-hundred-eight-six adults (203 women) were recruited. Body mass, stature and skinfolds (triceps, TS; biceps, BS; and subscapular, SS) were measured. Nutritional status was determined by body mass index (BMI). Percent body fat (%BF) density was estimated using the prediction equations developed by Durnin & Womersley (DW_equations) for adults aged 50 to 72 years using one skinfold (TS or BS or SS) or a combination of skinfolds (TS+BS or TS+BS+SS). Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were calculated from the estimated %BF and the obtained

<footnote>(1)Wahrlich, Vivian; (2)Anjos, Luiz Antonio; (3)Contino, Mariana;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Oliveira, Mariana; (4)Vasconcellos, Mauricio.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)PhD. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil.;</footnote>

<footnote>(2)PhD. MD. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro.
Brasil.; (3)BSc. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil;</footnote>

<footnote>(4)PhD. Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas. IBGE. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)Wahrlich, Vivian; (2)Anjos, Luiz Antonio; (3)Contino, Mariana;</footnote>

<footnote>(3)Oliveira, Mariana.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)PhD. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil.;</footnote>

<footnote>(2)PhD. MD. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro.
Brasil.; (3)BSc. Laboratório de Avaliação Nutricional e Funcional.
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil.</footnote>
by DXA. Paired Student t-tests were used to determine the significance of the means.

**Results:** Mean (SD) measured %BF, FM and FFM was 41.4 (5.7) %, 27.7 (8.2) kg and 38.0 (5.6) kg for women and, 28.9 (7.2) %, 22.2 (9.6) kg e 52.0 (7.0) kg, for men, respectively. %BF and FM mean values were significantly underestimated by all equations in women (bias between 38 and 39.5% for %BF and 39.4 to 40.4 kg for FM), while FFM was overestimated. However, mean skinfold-estimated values of %BF, FM and FFM using BS or SS or BS+SS were not different from DXA in women aged 50 to 60 years or for those with BMI < 25 kg/m². The same occurred in women with BMI between 25-30 kg/m² for BC estimated using only SS. For all men, %BF, FM and FFM mean estimated values using TS, BS or TS+BS combination were not different from DXA. The same pattern was observed for the 50-70y age men and the ones with BMI < 25 or between 25-30 kg/m².

**Conclusions:** DW_equations can be used to estimate BC in groups of men and women depending on age and nutritional status but it is recommended that new equations be developed for this population.

**Keywords:** Nutrition Assessment, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Public Health.

**Background and objectives:** Assessing the rates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until age six months is an important public health priority; however, feeding practices are based mostly on caregiver recall and often affected by self-reporting bias. The deuterium oxide dose-to-the-mother (DTM) technique can be used to distinguish EBF based on a cut-off (<25 g/d) of water intake from sources other than human milk. This value reflects the error (25±62 g/d) associated with the assumptions made in the calcula-

tion but has yet to be verified in mother-infant pairs known to be truly EBF. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate the apparent volume of non-milk water intake measured by deuterium dilution for infants known to be EBF.

**Methods:** Healthy, apparently EBF infants (n=121) aged 2.5-5.5 months were recruited from Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. After administration of deuterium to the mothers, saliva was sampled from mother and infant pairs over a 14-d period. Validation of infant feeding practices was conducted via home observation over six non-consecutive days with recall of foods or liquids consumed by the infant during the respective previous 24 hours. A fully Bayesian approach was used to estimate the marginal posterior distribution of the population non-milk water intake over all mother-infant pairs.

**Results:** Of the 121 infants enrolled, 113 were reported as EBF during the study period, consisting of 1502 observations. Eight infants were administered medicines yet remained in the final sample as per the WHO EBF definition. Seven infants were identified as non-EBF: 3 swallowed bath water, 4 consumed other foods and/or liquids; and one infant was excluded due to physiologically plausible values. Using the 90th percentile of the distribution of the population non-milk water intake distribution, we estimated a cut-off value of 82.6 g/d, with a lower limit 95% CI of approximately 54 g/d.

**Conclusions:** The current study is the first to estimate the distribution region of deuterium exposure in mother-infant pairs using a known EBF infant cohort, with the classification of EBF defined as the proportion of the posterior distribution of non-milk water intake <82.6 g/d. This cut-off is substantially higher than previously recommended (<25 g/d).

**Keywords:** infants, exclusive breastfeeding, deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique, human milk, feeding practices

**Conflict of Interest Disclosure:** None. Funding provided by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

<footnote>(1)Diana, Aly; (2)Liu, Zheng; (3)Luftimas, Dimas; (4)Rahmannia, Sofa;</footnote>

<footnote>(5)Preston, Thomas; (6)Slater, Christine; (7)Duffull, Stephen; (8)Gibson, Rosalind; (9)Houghton, Lisa.</footnote>

<footnote>(1)MD, MSc, PhD candidate. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand; (2)PhD. Pharmacometric modeller. School of Pharmacy. University of Otago. New Zealand.; (3)MD. Lecturer. Faculty of Medicine. Universitas Padjadjaran. Indonesia; (4)MD. MSc student. Faculty of Medicine. Universitas Padjadjaran. Indonesia; (5)PhD. Professor. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre. University of Glasgow. United Kingdom.; (6)PhD. Nutritionist. Independent Consultant. United Kingdom.; (7)PhD. Professor. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand.; (8)PhD. Emeritus Professor. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand; (9)PhD. Associate Professor. Department of Human Nutrition. University of Otago. New Zealand.</footnote>
PREVIOUS STEP TO ANALYZE 24-H DIETARY RE-
CALLS: STANDARDIZATION OF THE FOOD COM-
POSITION DATABASE FOR THE "GROWTH AND
OBESITY COHORT STUDY"

(1)Martinez Arroyo, Angela; (2)Palma Molina, Ximena; (2)Ceballos, Ximena; (3)Pereira Scalabrino, Ana; (3)Reyes Jedlicki, Marcela;

(3)Corvalán Aguilar, Camila; (4)Lopes Pereira França, Jaqueline;

(5)Mara Fisberg, Regina.

(1)PhD student. 1. Evaluation of Food Consumption Research Group. Department of Nutrition. School Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo. Brazil.; (2)Msc. Nutritionist. School of Nutrition and Dietetics. Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Valparaíso. Valparaíso. Chile; (3)PhD. Center for Prevention of Obesity and Chronic Diseases (CEPOC). Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Santiago. Chile; (4)PhD. Student. Evaluation of Food Consumption Research Group. Department of Nutrition. School Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo. Brazil.; (5)PhD. Nutritionist. Evaluation of Food Consumption Research Group. Department of Nutrition. School Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Analyzing 24-h dietary recalls is a enormous challenge when appropriate tools for dietary data collection are not available. Validated nutrition analysis software are often based on foreign database, data from literature sources and/or manufacturer's data. These sources can differ from local food composition and therefore require a previous harmonization process.

Objective: To describe a protocol for adjusting the local food composition to nutritional analysis software database prior analyzing the 24-h dietary recalls applied to children from the “Growth and Obesity Cohort Study” (GOCS).

**Methods:** Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R) was used for harmonization process. This database includes over 18.000 foods and 165 nutrient and other food components, and it is updated annually to reflect marketplace changes and new analytic data. Dietitians identified food items reported in the 24-h dietary recalls collected during 2013-2014 and grouped them according to nutritional characteristics. Foods were matched in the NDS-R database through its general description (i.e., by name, type and mode of preparation). Recipes were added for commonly consumed processed foods that were not in the software database. Energy and macronutrient values available in Chilean food composition tables (TCA), local food industry composition tables and/or nutrition labels were compared to values described in the software. A concordance rate between 80 and 120% for each parameter analyzed was required to accept food harmonization.

**Results:** 766 foods, beverages and recipes were harmonized. Major obstacles were observed in local foods, for example, fish and seafood, processed foods, such as cookies, cakes, candies and fast food, among others. In addition, there were problems with the large variety of recipes and preparation of typical Chilean meals; however, NDS-R allows entering new recipes to its database.

Scarce information of new food and lack of updated TCA information constituted additional difficulties.

**Conclusions:** Software adaptation to analyze 24-h dietary recalls is an arduous task that must be performed by trained dietitians to minimize systematic and random errors in nutrient intake estimations. Local updated nutrient composition databases are key to enhance the quality of dietary assessment.

**Keywords:** Assessment dietary, 24-h dietary recall, Nutrition Data System for Research

**Further collaborators:**
Funding DIUV Reg nº 48/2013. Conicyt, Becas Chile 2015.

ASSESSMENT THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND
FOOD INTAKE OF ATHLETES OF THE HANDBALL
TEAM OF THE OF GUARULHOS CITY- SP

de Araujo, Mariangela; Korukian Freiberg, Clara; da Silva Jr, Luiz Henrique; dos Santos Novaes, Patrícia; Simões, Juliana; Oliveira, Roberta; de Oliveira Barcellos, Bianca.

MSc. Nutritionist. Nutrition Departament. Guarulhos University.
São Paulo. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Handball is a collective, dynamic and fast-growing sport in Brazil. Because it is a high-performance sport and a great caloric expenditure, its practitioners undergo physical stress and great wear and tear, which must be compensated with adequate food consumption that promotes health, improves performance and recovery physical and muscular development of these individuals. The aim was to assess the nutritional status through anthropometric measures and adequate intake of food considering energy, macro and micronutrients of athletes of the handball team of the of Guarulhos City- SP

**Methods:** Cross-sectional study, approved by the committee of ethics in research. For this study, were evaluated Fifteen male handball athletes aged 18 to 26 years. For the determination of body fat, it has applied the sum of nine skin folds between them: subscapular, tricipital, bicipital, axillary, suprailiac, pectoral, abdominal, leg calf and thigh, determined by Heyward and Stolarczyk (1996) and Siri (1961), adapted by Lohman (1986). For the calculation of the caloric expenditure, the formula of Harrys & Benedict was applied, in addition of the calories of daily physical activities (NRC, 1989) and food-induced thermogenesis. For macronutrient suitability, the FAO/OMS recommendation (2003) was considered. For the assessment of the vitamins and minerals intake, it was applied the DRIs, - Dietary Reference Intakes (NRC, 2000).

**Results:** The percentage of fat body found in the majority of the athletes within the values considered adequate (80%). About the food intake showed that 73.33% of the group had a caloric intake below of recommended energetic requirements and 26.67% above of them. Other important point was that they have stayed long periods fasting, not doing an adequate fractionation of meals. It was found predominance of hyperlipidic and hyperprotein diets.
Significant correlation were found for fat mass (r = 0.16, p<0.005) (r = 0.15, p<0.005) with systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. Whereas BMI showed a stronger association with systolic blood pressure (r=0.21, p<0.001).

**Conclusions:** This study made it possible to notice that the anthropometric indicator that best is related to the existence of high BP is the BMI. This seems to be an easy method that is noninvasive and of low cost to detect the risk of high BP in schoolchildren.

**Keywords:** Blood pressure, hypertension, fat mass, body mass index, schoolchildren.

(SD=332.0) (IC95%=1323.1-1370.0) kcal/day, the mean of protein intake was 57.0 (SD=20.0) (CI95%=55.6-58.5) g/day, the mean lipid intake was 27.3 (SD=10.0) (CI95%=26.6-28.0) g/day and 223.3 (SD=55.7) (IC95%=219.4-227.3) g/day of carbohydrates. The patients had inadequate energy and macronutrient intakes.

**Conclusions:** The patients' dietary intake was inadequate and differed significantly by employment status, socioeconomic class, cancer specialty area, type of treatment, and BMI.

**Keywords:** dietary intake, cancer, nutrients

144/2126

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN CANCER PATIENTS

(¹)Bernardes Spexoto, Maria Cláudia; (²)Serrano, Sérgio Vicente;

(¹)Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini.

(¹)PhD. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP). Brazil.; (²)MD. Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Patients with cancer are also compromised by a variety of symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, food aversions, fatigue, dyspnea, and pain, which may construct barriers that make dietary intake challenging. The cancer itself and added to the toxic effects of oncology treatment, it may increase the severity and persistence of symptoms and affect the dietary intake of patients. It is widely known that the tumor site, clinical stage, some symptoms and use of chemo/radiotherapy are factors that are associated with dietary intake. The objective was to estimate the energy and macronutrient intakes of cancer patients and their relationship with the patients' demographic and clinical characteristics.

**Methods:** This is a cross-sectional study of 772 patients with cancer in treatment at Barretos Cancer Hospital. Demographic (personal interview) and clinical's information were collected (patient record). The study used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test determined whether the patients' energy and macronutrient intakes related to their demographic and clinical characteristics. The patients' energy and macronutrient intakes were compared with their nutritional requirements by point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). The significance level was set at 5%.

**Results:** Most participants were females (63.1%) with a mean age of 53.2 (SD=12.7) years. Thirty-nine percent of the patients had stage III disease, 72.4% were undergoing chemotherapy, and 40.5% had metastases. Dietary intake differed significantly by employment status (p=0.009; p<0.001), socioeconomic class (p<0.001; p=0.002; p=0.004), cancer specialty area (p=0.008; p=0.003), type of treatment (p=0.023; p<0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.004). The mean of energy intake was 1346.5

144/2128

ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY BY GENDER IN SEMI-URBAN SCHOOLCHILDREN IN KENITRA CITY-MOROCCO

(¹)Agoutim, Naima; (²)Aboussaleh, Youssef; (³)Ahami, Ahmed Ot;

(⁴)Sbaibi, Rachid.

(¹)PhD. Nutrition. Health and environment. University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra. Morocco.; (²)Pr.PhD.Nutrition. Laboratory of Nutrition. Health and Environment. Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences. University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra. Morocco. BPa;

(³)Pr.PhD.Neurosciences.Behavioral and Cognitive. Laboratory of Neurosciences. Behavioral and Cognitive. University Ibn Tofail. Kénitra. Morocco; (⁴)PhD.Nutrition. Laboratory of Nutrition. Health and Environment. Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences. University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra. Morocco.BPa.

**Background and objectives:** The nutritional requirements of school-aged children vary from one age group to another and according to gender, because their energy expenditure is different. For this reason, it was chosen as a study objective to assess the nutritional status of schoolchildren and see if there is a significant difference between girls and boys in anthropometric indicators.

**Methods:** The anthropometric survey was carried out among 239 schoolchildren of average age (10.22 years ± 2.10), weight and height were measured according to the WHO (World Health Organization), Anthropometric indices which adopted are: weight-for-age, and height-for-age and body mass index (BMI), determined by the Z score calculated according to WHO growth references 2007 (5-19 years).

**Results:** Results of anthropometric studies revealed an underweight reach 4.3%: girls (5.6%), boys (6.3%) (10 years), stunting 6.3%: girls (6.1%), boys (5.6%), thinness 3.8%: girls (6.1%), boy (4.8%), low risk for overweight 4.3%: girls (11.3%), boy (10.5%), Obesity 0.9%: girls (3.5%), boys (2.4%). χ² analysis did not show any significant differences between girls and boys regarding the various anthropometric indicators (P>0).

**Conclusions:** The population studied suffered from a slight malnutrition as well as a lack of influence of sex on the nutritional state of the school children.

**Keywords:** schoolchildren, semi-urban, nutritional status, gender
(1)Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado, Daiana; (2)Martínez Arroyo, Angela; (3)Jara, Macarena; (3)Cornejo, Catalina; (4)Avendaño, Ramon; (5)Pereira Scalabrino, Ana; (5)Reyes Jedlicki, Marcela.

(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Center for Prevention of Obesity and Chronic Diseases (CEPOC), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.; (2)PhD. Student. Evaluation of Food Consumption Research Group. Department of Nutrition. School Public Health. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo. Brazil.; (3)Nutritionist. Center for Prevention of Obesity and Chronic Diseases (CEPOC). Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Santiago. Chile.; (4)CITEC®. Santiago. Chile.; (5)PhD. Center for Prevention of Obesity and Chronic Diseases (CEPOC). Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA). University of Chile. Santiago. Chile.

**Background and objectives:** Analyzing 24-h dietary recalls involves several challenges such as standardized data collection, conversion of household measures, linkage of foods/beverages with nutrient content data, among others. There is no available Software for dietary data collection customized to Chilean needs.

**Objective:** To report the development of the software for dietary data collection "SER-24h" (Software de Encuestas Recordatorio 24 horas).

**Methods:** The software development started in 2015 and it was led by CEPOC at INTA, University of Chile. We build on the dietary data collected on 24-h dietary recalls since 2012. We identified foods, beverages and recipes to organize the food database. The recipes were disaggregated in ingredients. The National Nutrient Database Standard Reference of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was used as nutrient content data. We linked our data to the USDA, assuming a concordance between 80 and 120% of energy and macronutrients, based on the nutrition facts of packaged foods and Chilean food composition data. A private company (CITEC®) provided technological support and generated the software.

**Results:** SER-24h includes a questionnaire designed for collecting interviewer 24-h dietary recalls using the "Automated Multiple-Pass Method". Foods/beverages are selected from a list of 4682 options, with specific portion sizes for each one; the software allows to add new foods/beverages or portion sizes if needed. Recipes can be also selected from the ones available (n=838) or added if necessary. SER-24h provides reports with nutrient information at the food/beverage level, origin from the food or preparation, meal time, location and activities during the meals. The program was ready to collect data after 16 months of preparation and it can be executed online or offline from any operating system previously authorized by the webmaster.

**Conclusions:** The new software allows collecting standardized dietary information and it links it with nutrient content. As far as we know, SER-24h is the only Chilean dietary software which outputs provide dietary analyses discriminating different sources of

nutrients (i.e. at the level of food groups, meals, time of the day, or others). The use of this tool should increase our scarce knowledge on local dietary patterns.

**Keywords:** dietary assessment, food intake, 24-h dietary recall, SER-24h.

**Further collaborators:** Funding: WCRF 2010245

(1)Cristina Silva, Graciele; (2)Cristina Tibiletti Balieiro, Laura; (3)Alves Guimarães, Rafael; (4)Gonçalves Resende, Sabrina; (5)Bernardes da Cunha, Nayara; (1)Aparecida Crispim, Cibele.

(1)PhD. Nutritionist. Faculty of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.; (2)MSc. Nutritionist. Faculty of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.; (3)Msc. Nurse. Faculty of Nursing. Federal University of Goias. Goiania. Brazil.; (4)MSc. Pharmaceutical. Faculty of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.; (5)Nutritionist. Faculty of Medicine. Federal University of Uberlandia. Uberlandia. Brazil.

**Background and objectives:** Although the shift worker is predisposed to nutritional disorders such as obesity, the association between atypical working hours and food intake patterns is poorly described in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between shift work and the dietary pattern in Brazilian shift workers.

**Methods:** A cross sectional study was conducted with 1.215 (461 early morning, 233 day, 146 evening and 375 night workers) shift workers. The food intake pattern was evaluated by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) validated for Brazilian adults. The prevalence of inadequate intake of eight food groups was calculated as a reference to the portions recommended using the "Food Pyramid Adapted for the Brazilian Population". Measurements were taken for weight, height, waist circumference, as well as calculations of the Body Mass Index (BMI). Binary logistic regression was performed and adjusted for potential confounding variables in order to verify the association between the shifts worked and inadequate food intake using the day shift as reference.

**Results:** An association was found between working in the early morning shift and inadequate food intake over various food groups, such as milk and dairy products (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.49; 95% CI 1.29, 4.81; p < 0.01), meat and eggs (AOR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.07, 2.42; p < 0.05) cereals and pasta (AOR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.01, 2.05; p < 0.05) and fruit and fruit juices (AOR: 2.04; 95% CI 1.06, 3.93; p < 0.05). The night shift present 2.25 times (AOR: 2.25; 95% CI 1.19, 4.25; p < 0.05) greater odds of inadequacy for milk and dairy products, meat and eggs (AOR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.07, 2.45; p < 0,05) and cereals and pasta (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.09, 2.24; p < 0,05).
**Conclusions:** The food intake pattern of all other food groups were not associated with the work shifts. Early morning and night shift workers are more vulnerable to inadequate intake from various food groups. These results demonstrate the need to develop food intervention programs concerning food patterns in workers that work atypical schedules.

**Keywords:** Food intake. Shift workers. Work schedule. Unhealthy eating habits. Poor diet.

and similar in all areas. In contrast, obesity manifests itself in a heterogeneous form and reaches its maximum value, as well as being overweight, in the department of Tafí Viejo. Regarding the presence of stunting and wasting, they are presented differently by area, however, they show their greater value of both indicators, in the department of Lules.

**Keywords:** Nutritional status - youth - rural - Tucumán

(1)Salazar Burgos, Ramiro; (2)Oyhenart, Evelia; (3)Paolasso, Pablo.

(1)BSc. Nutricionist. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Conicet. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Argentina.; (2)PhD. Anthropologist. Cátedra de Antropología Biológica IV. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo - IGEVET CCT La Plata, CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina; (3)PhD. Geographer. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Conicet. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Argentina.

**Background and objectives:** Tucumán has twice the rural population than the national average. A third are young people between 10 and 24 years old and 28% have some basic unmet need. This indicates that they live in conditions of vulnerability, which can have an impact on their health. Nutritional status is the result of the balance between nutrient intake and the requirements of an individual. The imbalance in some of these aspects, due to the deficit or excess, can generate malnutrition. The objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of young people attending rural schools in the province of Tucumán.

**Methods:** The cross-sectional study included 383 cases, ranging from 9 to 15 years old, from seven rural schools in the province of Tucumán, Argentina. Four schools belonging to the department of Rio Chico, two to Tafí Viejo and one to Lules. The selection was for convenience. The exact age was determined from the data in the school records. Anthropometric measurements were performed according to standardized protocols. Portable digital balance (precision of 100g) and vertical anthropometer (precision of 0.1cm) were used. The Who Anthro Plus software was used to process the data.

**Results:** With respect to the nutritional deficit, it was found 3.9% of stunting and 1% of wasting. At the departmental level, the following prevalences were observed, respectively: Lules 5.9% and 2.9%; Tafí Viejo 4.3% and 1.1% and Rio Chico 3.5% and 0.8%. As for overweight, we found 22.2% and 17% of obesity. The analysis by departments indicated the following prevalences of overweight and obesity: Lules 26.5% and 5.9%; Tafí Viejo 27.2% and 19.6% and Río Chico 21% and 17.5%.

**Conclusions:** The presence of malnutrition in rural areas, predominantly due to excess, accounts for the magnitude of the existing nutritional problems. The prevalence of overweight is high

(1)Boushey, Carol; (2)Kerr, Deborah; (3)Delp, Edward; (4)Zhu, Fengqing Maggie.

(1)PhD. Associate Research Professor. Epidemiology Program. University of Hawaii Cancer Center. Honolulu. HI. USA; (2)PhD. Research Academic. Research Leader for Food, Nutrition and Health. School of Public Health. Curtin University. Perth. WA. Australia.; (3)PhD. The Charles Williams Harrison Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Purdue University. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. West Lafayette. IN. USA.; (4)PhD. Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Purdue University. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. West Lafayette. IN. USA.

**Background and objectives:** Quantifying how much people eat and drink remains an open research question. Mobile technology development has created a new era for assessment of dietary intake. These new methods show promise with regard to improved cooperation from study participants or patients and translation to more accurate results of energy and nutrient intakes. Benefits of these methods also include the additional detail about food and contextual information surrounding eating occasions. However, the reporting and the repeatability of these methods are hampered by the lack of standardized terminology associated with these new mobile methods. Therefore, the objective of this presentation is to outline a framework for identifying these new promising dietary assessment methods.

**Methods:** Efforts to standardize the language of this transition from traditional to mobile methods are needed

**Results:** Images taken with handheld devices or wearable cameras have been used to assist traditional dietary assessment methods (image-assisted methods). Image-assisted approaches can supplement dietary records or 24-hr dietary recalls. In recent years, image-based approaches using mobile devices or wearable sensors with embedded cameras have been developed (image-based methods). Image-based approaches capture all eating occasions with images as the primary record of dietary intake. The challenges of implementation of these new methods, their benefits, interoperability, and standardization will be covered.

**Conclusions:** Guidance in communicating these new methods will enhance their adoption and progression. The recommendations presented will improve reporting and the ability of