# Pythagoras-Platonic cosmology on the examples of strong earthquakes of 2024 with magnitude greater than Mw7

Alexander N. Safronov

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Alexander N. Safronov. Pythagoras-Platonic cosmology on the examples of strong earthquakes of 2024 with magnitude greater than Mw7. 2025. hal-05010916

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# Pythagoras–Platonic cosmology on the examples of strong earthquakes of 2024 with magnitude greater than $M_w$7

Alexander N. Safronov

*Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia*

*Email: safronov_2003@mail.ru*

## Abstract

The study of planetary configurations observed during strong earthquakes is continued. In this paper, 9 planetary configurations that occurred in 2024 during earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 7 ($M_w$7+) are considered. Particular attention in the study was paid to the processes of graviton formation. In all cases, planetary parallelism, which is an analogue of the Fabry–Perot interference, is recorded. It was shown that possible sources of gravitons can be not only planets, but also sections of orbits perturbed by pairwise planetary linearization (planet coupling). Possible transitions of the solar system graviton are noted both from a higher orbit to lower orbits located closer to the Sun, as well as the transitions from lower orbits to higher orbits. A case of a possible cascade transition of a graviton between orbits probably is registered.

The paper also provides a brief description of Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology. Shown, that Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology was known long before Pythagoras and ended much later than Plato, after the destruction of the last temples of antiquity, located in the territory of Rome and Asia Minor. Thus, when we wrote about Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology, we are referring to the general name of the principle, rather than the time frame of its existence, which actually extending from the sixth century BC to the third century AD. It is highlighted, that in the "*Natural History*" Pliny Eld. confirms the influence of planets on seismic activity and gives two examples of successful earthquake forecasting by Anaximander of Miletus and Pherecydes of Syros. This part of the study may be of interest to readers interested in the history of ancient seismology and volcanology.

**Keywords:** Earthquake; Planet Geometry; Planet Alignment; Planet Parallelism; Orbit Disturbing; Planet Coupling; Interference; Planet Numerology; Solar System Graviton

## 1. Introduction

As is known, over the last 50 years there are a number of attempts to use astronomical factors to predict earthquakes, [1–13]. However, in most of these works, the discussion of the influence of planetary positions on seismic activity was limited to the analysis of tidal forces. For the first time in [1], [2], [11] it was suggested other mechanism of such interaction. In [1], [2] by author it is shown that astronomical influence of planetary positions on seismic and volcanic activity does not depend on the mass and distances between the planets and is determined by planetary geometry. These processes have an affinity with Kepler's conjunction, orbital Titius-Bode relations and Laplace orbital resonance. Due to ratios of planet's or satellite's orbit resonance characterize by integer numbers this branch of astronomy usually calls as a "planetary numerology".

Further it is importance to note that such planetary numerology go beyond the axiomatics of Albert
Einstein. Although it is well known that in the wave mechanics, the interference maxima or minima are observed at integer values between interference paths. However, planetary numerology is not held in high esteem by some astrophysicists. And it is a great problem because the planetary numerology discovered by great astronomers of the past such as Titius, Bode, and Laplace law is useful for describing the evolution of the planets of the Solar System, the formations of Saturn's rings and the spatial distributions of the satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, and is also used to predict the position of Plutinoes (objects beyond Pluto) in the Kuiper belt. However, new space mission and new methods of astronomical observations push progress forward. Thus the crisis of Albert Einstein's theory has spread to the numerous studies of orbit resonance of Saturn's moons and rings, carrying out during recently Cassini mission, as well as a crisis in astronomy extended to studies of exoplanets by new microlensing, radial velocity, and transit methods. Also remind that the journal "Pattern Recognition in Physics" was closed in 2013 was closed due to the publication of a number of articles devoted to the Kepler conjunctions by decision of Head of Copernicus Publications.

On the other hand, numerous publications on the presence of planetary frequencies in the climatic trends, in volcanic and seismic activity are well known; please see the discussion in [1]. In the solar activity, the planetary variations are known until 1980. However, astrophysicists also ignore these phenomena. Therefore, the crisis, which currently has a long history for the geosciences, including the closure of journals that were objectionable to Einstein's followers, is brewing in parallel within solar astrophysics. In this way we will lead the reader to understand that the up-to-date crisis with dark matter and dark energy is only part of the general crisis in astronomy and astrophysics. Additionally, in [14], [15], [16] it is shown that stellar astrophysics has failed the stress test as a branch of nuclear physics. In other words, crisis in astronomy and astrophysics have led to many years of wasted effort and money on geophysical investigations of the physical reasons occurred in a variety of seismic and volcanic processes.

Further, the Earth's axis has slope to the planet plane. Therefore, the projection of the angular momentum of solar gravity vortex parallel to the axis of our planet can lead to a change in the speed of Earth rotation. The angular momentum component, which is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth, can be obtained by the ionosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and asthenosphere. Therefore, these vortex processes can be accompanied by disturbances in neighboring spheres, i.e. during earthquakes there can be an influx of cold air masses from high altitudes of the troposphere and stratosphere into the surface layer of atmosphere nearby the epicenter of earthquakes. These process leads to changes in cloudiness, disturbances in the ionosphere, and chemical compounds in low troposphere, and probable to local disturbances of the terrestrial magnetic field due to perturbation in magma. We emphasize once again that these processes are accompanying processes and cannot be used to predict earthquakes.

In this work the study of planetary configurations, observed during strong earthquakes, was continued [1] and [3]. Remind that in previous work [1] we investigate the planetary geometries at the moments of 92 strong earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 8 ($M_w8+$) for the period from 1900 to 2011. But in 2024, no earthquakes with a magnitude greater than or equal to 8 were recorded. In this work, 9 planetary configurations that occurred in 2024 during earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 7 ($M_w7+$) were considered. Unlike previous works [1] and [3], this study focused not on the planetary alignment (Kepler's planet linearization) and planetary parallelism (Fabry-Perot planet interference), but on the processes of generation of the solar system vortex (solar graviton).
## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. Strong Earthquakes as Studying Object

According data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Earthquake Hazards Program 9 earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 7 points occurred in 2024. These earthquakes are designed as Mw7+ earthquakes. Once again note that in 2024, no earthquakes with a magnitude greater than or equal to 9 were recorded. The earthquake data are available from the USGS archive of the website USGS [17].

As it is known, powerful earthquakes are short-term events, although they are often accompanied by subsequent weaker foreshocks and aftershocks. The short duration of earthquakes, compared with the establishment of certain planetary configurations, gives us a unique opportunity to determine the angle of rotation of the planet at the time of the earthquake. In this study, we again use the concept of eUTC-line, that is, the direction in the plane of the solar system at the time of the earthquake. Accordingly, the polar UTC-axis is rotated so as the UTC-line corresponding to 12 UTC (noon) is always directed at the Sun.

### 2.2. Astronomical Data and Method

To investigate the planet configuration, we need to measure astronomical angles and distances between planets. In this work, the Orbit Viewer java applet from Osamu and Ron was used [18], which was created by Osamu Ajiki (AstroArts Inc.) in 1996 and modified by Ron Baalke (NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, below JPL) in 2000-2001 [19].

The Original Orbit Viewer is an interactive applet that displays the orbits of small bodies, such as comets and asteroids in the solar system, in 3D projection. Orbits can be shown forward or backward. For example, visualization of comet 1P/Halley was presented in JPL Small-Body Database Browser. For simplicity, all the figures below are presented in a 2D projection in the planetary plane. In this projection, the direction of rotation of the planet is counterclockwise. The applet Orbit Viewer (The Orbit Viewer application) has been adapted to measure the angles between the planets of the solar system and determine the proportions in the positions of the planets. The following abbreviations were used in this study: Mercury: Mr, Venus: V, Earth: E, Mars: M, Jupiter: J, Saturn: S, Uranus: U, Neptune: N.

The planets located along the line are designated as *Planet*₁–*Planet*₂–*Planet*₃, in order of distance from the Sun. The calculation of the angle (in degrees) between the three planets was made when the vertex of an angle is placed on a more distant planet. For example, the angle for the linearity of J–E–V is the smaller angle between the two lines JE and JV.

During our investigation of planetary geometry, the alignment angle between lines *Planet*ᵢ–*Planet*ⱼ and *Planet*ⱼ–*Planet*ₖ was used; this alignment angle αijk was defined in degrees as follows:

$$ \alpha_{ijk} = 180/\pi \cdot \arccos\left(\frac{(R_{ii}^2 + R_{ik}^2 - R_{ik}^2)}{2 \cdot R_{ii} \cdot R_{ik}}\right) \rightarrow 0 \quad (1) $$

where i, j, k are the three planets of the Solar System; xᵢ, yᵢ, and zⱼ, are the coordinates of the i-planet, and the distance between i and j planets is equal to

$$ R_{ij} = \sqrt{(x_i - x_j)^2 + (y_i - y_j)^2 + (z_i - z_j)^2} $$

Also in this study, the planet parallelism is investigated, so the parallel symbol is introduced. The designation that the *Planet*ᵢ–*Planet*ⱼ line is parallel to the *Planet*ₖ–*Planet*ᵢ line is marked as symbol "*Planet*ᵢ–*Planet*ⱼ || *Planet*ₖ–*Planet*ᵢ".

Due to the fact that we are looking for tracer of interference (planet numerology), the spatial ratio
designations as a ratio of distances between planets were used. We are looking for the spatial ratio close to integer values. The ratio of distances between the planets, which was designated as *Planeti-Planetj / Planetn-Planetm*, is equal to:

$$ratio = R_{ii} / R_{nm}$$

# 3. The historical remarks about ancient seismology

## 3.1 The Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology

As is well known, the relationship between the position of the planets and volcanic and seismic activity has been known for a long time. The first mentions of such studies refer to archaeological research in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. The large historical gap between our time and the ancient cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt, natural disasters and numerous wars led to the fact that data on such studies are sparse and fragmentary. Therefore, in his works the author mainly focuses on the history of seismology of Ancient Greece and Rome, since the scrolls describing these historical events are quite well preserved.

On the other hand, it should be noted that most modern seismologists believe that the history of Western European seismology begins with Kant, who wrote a number of treatises on this issue after the famous strong earthquake in Lisbon in 1755 [20]. That's not so. Earlier in the author's works [21] and [22], a number of aspects of ancient seismology and volcanology were touched upon, but these studies were published in historical journals, and so they remained unknown to wide range of seismologists and volcanologists. Therefore, it may be of interest to the reader if we briefly consider one again the history of Pythagoras–Plato cosmology by publishing them in a specialized journal on seismology.

Historically, in the Mediterranean the relations between cosmos and natural disasters has been called Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology. Note that when we talk about Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology, we must understand that there is an entire epoch between Pythagoras (~570–490 BC) and Plato (~428–423 BC). The writings of Pythagoras himself have not been preserved, so we know about Pythagorean cosmology from the manuscripts of other philosophers and mathematicians, including Plato's dialogues *Timaeus* and *Critias*, [23]. Information about the first Pythagorean school in Samos (Asia Minor, Turkey) has practically not been preserved. The second Pythagorean school was located in Croton (southern Italy).

It is known that the second school of Pythagoras, for more than 20 years of its existence, graduated more than 250 apostles, 12 students per year. This school was at the *Temple of the Muses* in Croton. Therefore, when talking about Pythagoras' theory of gravity, the concept of theory of Pythagoras' string or the harmony theory is often used. Note that many schools of philosophers involved in the study of the relation between space and natural phenomena were, as a rule, located on the territory of temple complexes. At the same time, seismoacoustic stations in Antiquity were based in the lower level of temples or in specially created inclined seismic tunnels, called knees. So in the second school of Pythagoras pupils studied not only theory, but also conducted practical classes; so from historical documents it is reliably known that observations of seismic activity in the Croton's tunnel were carried out by two students at once. For more details on the Pythagorean school, please see [21], [22] and the literature cited in these works.

Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology was known long before Pythagoras and ended much later than Plato, after the destruction of the last temples of antiquity, located in the territory of Rome and Asia Minor. That is, when we talk about Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology, we are referring to the general name of the
principle, rather than the time frame of its existence, which actually extending from the sixth century BC to the third century AD.

Thus, the predecessor of Pythagoras was Thales, who lived before Pythagoras was born. As is known, Thales from Miletus (Ionia in Asia Minor) was a famous mathematician and philosopher, who lived in Mediterranean in the range of ~624–547 BC. Thales of was one of the four ancient Sages (*Thales, Solon of Athens, Pittacus of Mytilene, and Bias of Priene*), who founding the oldest Temple of Apollo at Delphi. The ruins of the Temple of Delphi are presented in Figure 1a. These ruins are the ruins of the later temple, which existed until 390 AD, when the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, destroying the temple, silenced the Pythia, and made all to eliminate traces of the Pythagorean–Platonic cosmology. Recall that the previous temple, the Temple of Delphi, was destroyed in 373 BC at the strong earthquake. This third temple was built on the remains of an earlier temple, destroyed by fire and dating from the 6th century BC, which itself was erected on the site of a 7th century building.

It should be noted that seismic activity in Antiquity was perceived as the love of gods for earthly girls, so often seismoacoustic forecasts were carried out by young, pretty, innocent girls, "brides of the Gods". Historically, the female seismologists working in the Temple of Apollo at Delphi were called Pythia, while in other places in the ancient culture, the prophetesses and soothsayers, who predicted the future, were often called Sibylla (p.l. Sibyllae). It is possible that initially these names, Pythia and Sibylla, were proper names, but over time they became common nouns.

Over time, seismic activity in the Mediterranean region changed, and the center of civilization shifted from Greece to Rome. In Ancient Greece, especially in the Hellenic period, astroseismology (cosmoseismology) flourished. However, in Ancient Rome, on the territory of metropolis (Italy), seismic activity was significantly lower, so interest in ancient astroseismology, and awareness of the importance of philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy was correspondingly lower. The powerful eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD somewhat revived interest in investigating the causes of seismic activity in Ancient Rome.

Changes in seismic activity lead also to changes in the number of Sibyllae, Pythia, and Oracles. Thus, according to *Lactantius* (~250–325 AD), *Marcus Terentius Varro* (116–27 BC) lists in own study ("*Res Divinae*") in the Sibylline catalogues ten ones: the Persian, the Libyan, the Delphic, the Cimmerian, the Erythræan, the Samian, the Cumæan, the Hellespontine (in Trojan territory), the Phrygian (at Ancyra), and the Tiburtine (named Albunea). However, *Heraclides Ponticus* (~385–322 BC) names in "*On Oracles*" only three sibyls: the Phrygian, the Erythraean, and the Hellespontine [24].

In Figure 1b we are presented the modern painting of Pythia of Delphi, which was drawn by Collier in 1891. Following the descriptions of ancient traditions, Collier depicted Pythia sitting on a tripod with vapor rising from a crack in the earth beneath her. The allocations of famous temples and the active faults of Eurasia are presented in Figure 1c. The data of active Eurasia faults are obtained from AFEAD v2022 (Active Faults of Eurasia Database, version v2022) [25].
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1.** (a) – The ruins of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Wikipedia; (b) – Painting: “Priestess of Delphi” by John Collier (1891), Art Gallery of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia; (c) – The locations of famous temples and active faults of Eurasia are drawn: 1 – Temple of Athena; 2 –Temple of Hera at Samos; 3 – Temple of Aphrodite in Knidos, 4 – Atlantis; 5 – Cave of Darkness on Malta (Malta's Sybille ); 6 – Pompeii; 7 – Temple of the Muse in Crotone (Pythagoras School); 8 – Temple of Apollo at Delphi (Pythia); 9 –Temple of Herod in Jerusalem.</figcaption></figure>

However, over time, not only seismic activity and the number of Pythia and Sibyls changed, but also the change opinion of ancient philosophers in relation to such sciences as mathematics and astronomy. The change in the method of calculating the position of the planets, which consisted of the invention of the disk mechanism by Eudoxus of Cnidus (Knidos), and then the Antikythera (Archimedes) mechanism, led to the fact that such disciplines as mathematics and astronomy began to disappear from the course of philosophy. Thus, the famous philosopher Plato, unlike the Pythagoreans, whom he often quoted, is no longer an expert in mathematics and astronomy. It is curious to note that Plano misinterprets the famous parable of Thales about an astronomer (astrologer) who looked up at the sky and fell into a well (Plato, *Theaetetus*, 174a) [23]. For Thales, the connection between the position of the stars (in antiquity, the division between stars and planets was arbitrary) and the water level in the well, which changed before strong earthquakes, was obvious.

## 3.2 Messiah Philosophy and Aerarium Sanctum

The Pythagoras–Platonic cosmology is closely related to such concepts as the *Messiah* or *Redeemer*. The general scheme of dealing with consequences of natural disasters was complex and multilevel, see Fig-
ure 2. The Messiah service included a system of long-term forecasting of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, i.e. the Pythagorean-Plato cosmology, and a system of short-term forecasting (Sibyllae and Pythia fortune-telling), and a system of overcoming the consequences of natural disasters.

Earlier in [21] it was discussed the creation of the position of the Head of the Messiah service and a special financial reserve, known in Ancient Rome as the "Aerarium Sanctum". This fund existed to realize grain deliveries, to prevent famine, as well as to restore the infrastructure (roads, bridges, aqueducts, temples, public buildings) damaged by various natural disasters such as droughts, floods, earthquakes, and eruptions. As is known, grain does not store for a long time, therefore, in conditions of crop failure and natural disasters, a certain amount of grain was required in order to prevent famine and death of people until transports with food from other regions not affected by natural disasters would arrive. Thus, the *Messiah* service required a specialized fleet (grain carriers), grain storage facilities, and a significant financial reserve, as grain prices rose sharply and everywhere during the crisis.

At different periods, the *Messiah's (Redeemer's)* financial fund was formed from various sources, such as taxes, income from Temples, the Olympics and the Delphic Games, and war trophies. Famous slogan: *"Panem et cirenses"* (Bread and Circuses) is the motto of the Messiahs, most likely dating back to the late period of Rome Imperia, when Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed after the Second Roman-Jewish war, and the Colosseum was built with the proceeds from war trophies.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2.** The scheme of evolution ancient seismic forecasting and its relation with *Messiah* roles.</figcaption></figure>
The *Messiah's* treasures were not only a source of funds for the purchase of grain, but also a source of various conflicts on the one hand with the secular authorities, and on the other hand with the high priests of the temples. Throughout the existence of the *Messiah's* service, pharaohs, consuls, emperors and kings wanted to withdraw the *Messiah's* treasures for wars, which required large sums of money, as well as to build their palaces, roads, bridges, aqueducts, amphitheaters, public baths, shipyards and other socially significant buildings, that is, to spend the funds on purposes far removed from the fight against consequences of natural disasters.

In particular, it is known that the dictator of the Roman Republic (Emperor) Sulla (138 –78 BC) was not displeased with fortune-telling, predicting the end of the world in Rome in 83 BC. In 86 BC, Sulla set out on a military campaign in Greece, on the one hand, to assert Rome's power over Greek territories, and on the other, to destroy Plato's Academy in Athens and the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, where Pythia prophesied. Then the demand for a forecast was sent to Pompeii, which was the center of ancient seismology in Rome. The negative fortune-telling was confirmed and the angry Sulla captured Pompeii on his way back to Rome. The southern wall of the city, broken during the assault, was never restored until the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed this city. As is well known, the law on the reform of criminal legislation (*Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis*), passed around 81 BC, under the rule of Sulla, is sometimes interpreted as a law against magical practice [26].

On the other hand, since before the construction of the Colosseum, due to the money for replenishing the *Messiah's* funds came from the Olympics and Delphic Games, income from Temples, the priests of the Temples demanded to increase in their share both for the repair and maintenance of existing temples and the construction of new temples, as well as for the maintenance of the ever-increasing number of clergy. The author believes that the conflict between *Jesus Christ*, who at that time was known not as a God, but as a real person who carried out the Messiah's functions in Judea, which is the remote provinces of the Roman Empire, with the high priests of Herod's Second Temple in Jerusalem became the milestone for a paradigm shift in the financing of the *Roma Rescue Service*, see the red squares in Figure 2.

Next, we will briefly focus on grain supplies, which presented in Figure 2 as blue squares. Grain supplies are carried out by small vessels via coastal shipping, therefore, for a stable supply of all states in the disaster zone, control over the bays along the entire grain supply routes is required. Grain prices are rising, trading cities located on the coast also in need of food and everywhere they are forced to impose embargo on grain transit through their ports; piracy was booming. Since the above-mentioned climatic and geo-physical changes have long-term nature, the sacred funds intended for the purchase of grain are quickly running out.

The great and uncontrolled movement of grain over long distances leads to another problem. Due to the lack of grain in the fields, rodents such as mice, rats, and hamsters that feed on grain are weakening. Rodents rush from the fields, where weakened individuals were previously killed by predators, to barns and granaries. In conditions of famine, all grain, including grain damaged by sick rodents, is taken from the barns for supply. In harvest years, the rodent-damaged grain was intended only for fattening poultry and domestic animals, but during the famine period it is consumed by humans. All this leads that epidemics quickly spread along trade routes. Thus, for the first time, it was suggested that epidemics that serious geophysical processes (earthquakes and eruptions) could lead to epidemics that spread rapidly along trade routes.
### 3.3 Mosses as ancient seismologist and Late Bronze Age collapse

Previously, the poem "Odysseus" [27], written by Homer in the 12th century BC, was investigated in details in [21], [22]. This was done because the content of this poem is of considerable interest as a source of information about a significant increase in seismic and volcanic activity in the Mediterranean region during this ancient period.

Odysseus' voyage took place along the coast of Africa. A negative seismic forecast was given by the Sibyl in Malta, but Odysseus and his companions did not heed this forecast and continued their journey. A strong eruption and tsunami occurred on the lowland (land of the Atlanteans, Atlantis), which is located between Sicily and Africa. At the moment, the volcanic island of Atlantis has submerged under water and is at a shallow depth, posing a danger to navigation in Mediterranean Sea. As well known from poem's context the strong eruption and tsunami forced the travelers to go around Sicily from the north on the way back, where they were shipwrecked. In [22] it is shown that depending on the relative position of the observer, the volcano, and the wind direction in the upper troposphere, the eruption's plume forms three characteristic pictures, which can be described as "Flag", "Atlanteans, holding up the sky" or "Italian pine tree". The tropopause, located between the troposphere and the stratosphere, prevents micron and submicron volcanic aerosol from downwards, so the tropopause forms the characteristic shape of the plume. The locations of Atlantis and Cave of Darkness on Malta (Malta's Sybille) are presented in Figure 1c as point (4) and (5).

The activation of the longitudinal geological fault, extending from Gibraltar in the west to Rhodes in the east, occurs because the Eurasian tectonic plate begins to push against the African plate. This can cause serious geographical and climatic changes. Thus, the width of the Strait of Gibraltar may change, which will lead to a change in the level of the Mediterranean Sea. As is known, ancient ships were small and navigation in the Mediterranean at that time was coastal, so any change in the contours of the bays can lead to the decline of some coastal cities and the rapid flourishing of others ones, whose bays become more convenient for trade.

If the Eurasian tectonic plate subducts under the African one, the tilt angle can change, which will lead to change the water regime of the rivers. Under such a scenario, the Nile will be less full-flowing, which will lead to droughts in Egypt and crop failure. Typically, such global changes in geological activity are associated with a change in the speed of planet rotation or a change in the viscosity of magma. Such factors can lead to a change in the Gulf Stream, or more precisely, to a change in the global circulation in the Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic Meridian Ocean Streams, AMOS), and as a result, climate changes will be global and long-term. Note that the Messiah-type systems shown in Figure 2 can not compensate for such long-term catastrophes, since this system is designed to dampen only local, short-term disasters.

Further, we will discuss the lines from second Homer's poem, "Iliad" [28]. In "Iliad" (Il., 24:25-30), there is a brief mention of the "Judgment of Paris", from which the entire epic of this poem develops. The "Judgment of Paris" is a piece of ancient Greek mythology about a beauty contest in which the Trojan prince Paris delivers his verdict to three goddesses: Zeus's wife Hera, the warrior Athena, and the goddess of love Aphrodite. A dispute arose between the three goddesses: who rightfully owns the apple? Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite, who promised to reward him with the love of any woman he chose. Paris became Aphrodite's favorite, and she helped him in everything, while Hera and Athena hated Paris and all the Trojans. The scene gives no indication of the terrible events that would follow this verdict.

The events poetically described in this poem are reflected in real historical events, which are known
in the history of Antiquity as the Late Bronze Age collapse, which took place during the 12th century BC in the Mediterranean. This collapse strongly affected such territories as Mycenaean Greece, Hittite Empire in Anatolia (1198–1196 BC, [29]), Troy, Amurru, Ugarit (1185 BC, see letters RS 18.147 and RS 20.18, [30]), Middle Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, and Kingdom of Egypt. The events took place in the 12th century, on the border between the 19th and 20th dynasties of the Egyptian pharaohs.

From the above, we already know that the strength of earthquakes was measured in terms of the gods' love for earthly women. Therefore, it can be confidently stated that Paris compares seismic activity recorded in the territory of the Temple of Athena, located on the continental part of Greece, with activity in the territory of the Temples of Hera and Aphrodite, located on the Mediterranean coast in Samos and Knidos, please see points 1, 2 and 3 in Figure 1c. With this interpretation, the result of the Judgment of Paris is obvious, see faults lines in Figure 1c. The greatest activity should be observed in Knidos, that is, near the islands of Rhodes and Kos. At the same time, the poem specifically indicates that Aphrodite came out of the sea, that is, the epicenter of seismic activity is in the sea, where, as we know, near Rhodes major meridian and longitudinal geological faults merges.

It is also interesting to compare the perception of this episode of Homer's poem for the period of the Roman Empire and enlightened Europe. To do this, let's compare the mosaic discovered during the excavations in Pompeii with the famous painting by Peter Paul Rubens. The mosaic was found in Pompeii in *House of Jupiter* (Pompeii, V. 2. 15, House of Jupiter, Room 4, triclinium I, west wall), we present one in Figure 3a. Now this mosaic is in the Naples Archaeological Museum with inventory number 119691. The Peter Paul Rubens painting of "*The Judgment of Paris*", (1638-1639) is also presented in Figure 3b. In the Pompeii mosaic it is quite easy to recognize the three goddesses: Hera, Aphrodite and Athena: Aphrodite is naked, Athena is in armor, Hera is in a tunic on the left. In Pompeii mosaic three goddesses and Hermes look anxiously not at Paris, but slightly upwards, taking into account the location of the mosaic on the west wall, presumably at Vesuvius. Paris's gaze is thoughtful and fixed on the ground. On the other hand, in the painting by Peter Paul Rubens, the gaze of Paris and Hermes is directed at the beauties, and the beauties themselves look like cocottes from an ancient *lunarium*. The differences between Roman Empire and enlightened Europe opinions are very revealing and important for understanding ancient seismology and its influence on the life of Greece and Rome.

In [21], [22] it was suggested that the author of "*Odyssey*" and "*Iliad*" was a famous mathematician, astronomer, traveler and poet, who live in the 12th century BC and entered in history under the name *Mosses* (Mōyšēs). At 4th century BC these poems were re-written by Greek poetess *Helen (Evenus) of Paros*. Probably Helen of Paros knew that Semitic texts are written from right to left and she as a joke represented us a simple word-play: *Remoh-Homer*. Up-to-date historians investigated Hellenistic period none less were amazed to know that *Homer* is the name of a cult Semitic dance (*Remoh*), in which naked pretty women dance with two six-ray stars (tambourines) in hands, and accordingly *Homer* is not the name of the author of magnificent poems. *Mosses (Homer)* points out to us the connection between seismic activity (the love of the gods) and astronomy (dancing with the stars), which is consistent with later statements of Greek philosophy about the unity of processes occurring in heaven and on earth.
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3.** The Judgment of Paris: (a) – Pompeii, V. 2. 15, *House of Jupiter*, Room 4, triclinium I, west wall. Now in Naples Archaeological Museum. Inventory number 119691; (b) – Painting by Peter Paul Rubens "The Judgment of Paris", (1638-1639).</figcaption></figure>

**3.4 Pliny the Elder, Pompey and Vesuvius**

The events taking place in Pompeii and Vesuvius played a significant role in the development of seismology and volcanology. Therefore, when considering the historical aspects of seismology and volcanology, we will pay some attention to the fate of Pliny the Elder himself, as well as his statements devoted to the issue of the possibility of predicting seismic events, which is studied in this article. As is known, Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23–79 AD) was a Roman author, naturalist, philosopher, naval and cavalry commander, friend of the emperor Vespasian, and probably he was also the Head of "Aerarium Sanctum". At the beginning of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius Pliny Eld was in the house in Misenum which allocated on the other side of the Bay of Naples. We investigated the Pliny Younger and Suetonius letters, who wrote about the fate of Pliny the Elder.

In the letter "*To Cornelius Tacitus*", LXVI Pliny Younger informed us that Pliny Eld. had been killed by toxic gases [31]. Particularly he wrote: "*Supported by two small slaves he stood up, and immediately collapsed. As I understand it, his breathing was obstructed by the dust-laden air, and his innards, which*
were never strong and often blocked or upset, simply shut down. When daylight came again 2 days after he died, his body was found untouched, unharmed, in the clothing that he had had on. He looked more asleep than dead." However, Suetonius in "The Life of Pliny. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars" wrote other opinion: "Some, however, think that he was killed by his slave, having implored him to put an end to his sufferings, when he was reduced to the last extremity by the fervent heat" [32].

Although the preserved information is contradictory and inaccurate, it allows us to reconstruct the picture of Pliny Eld.'s death. First, in the letter "To Cornelius Tacitus", LXVI Pliny Young mentions that Pliny Eld. took a bath after arriving at the place. Remind that to take a bath in the Roman sense meant to visit the *thermae* (Roman saunas). Not all ancient cities and towns located on the shores of the Gulf of Naples in the time of Emperors Vespasian and Titus had a water supply system. The network of aqueducts went from the mountains towards Vesuvius, where it divided into two branches, one of which skirted Vesuvius from the north and reached Neapolis (Naples), and the second skirted Vesuvius from the south and supplied Pompeii and its surroundings with water. Water passing near active faults is often warm and additionally saturated with various natural minerals. Vesuvius is a stratovolcano, so his slopes are saturated with rare earth elements. Thus, it can be argued that the surroundings of Vesuvius are an object of balneology, and therefore Pompeii and villas located on the southern and southwestern slopes of the volcano were a favorite place of the Roman aristocracy. Note that the southern slopes of Vesuvius are not only fertile, but due to the saturation with various chemical elements after previous eruptions of Vesuvius, therefore they are an ideal place for growing vineyards and producing elite wines.

Settlements located near Vesuvius, such as Cumae, Misenum, Sorrentum, and Stabiae did not have aqueducts. Therefore, Pliny Eld., who according to Pliny Y. took a bath, did not die in the Stabiae. His ship arrived in this city from Misenum, since, on the one hand Pompeii is not a port city, and on the other hand, the port of Oplontis, closest to Pompeii, was inaccessible due to the volcanic plume and the winds blowing at that moment from Mount Vesuvius towards the Bay of Naples at that moment. In any case, Pliny Eld. did not die in the Stabiae, since according to archaeological excavations pyroclastic flows did not reach this port town, located about 15 km from the crater of the volcano. A map of the area with the location of referenced villages and towns can be found in [22].

Much controversy has been caused by the discovery of a coin, a silver denarius that bears the image of the emperor Titus with the inscription XV Imp [33]. However, this coin allowed the author to make an assumption about the ultimate purpose of the visit and the reasons why Pliny Eld. could not have ignored the message of request. Unlike other researchers, please see the discussion in [33, 34], the author concludes that, firstly, the coin is in perfect condition and was not in circulation, and secondly, it lacks the typical bezel, which indicates that this sample is a prototype of a coin that was going to be minted. Pompeii has never had a mint.

In [22] it was written that, at the Pliny Eld.'s lifetime it is well known Gaius Laecanius Bassus who was Roman consul at A.D. 64 together with Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. The Gaius Laecanius Bassus (consul, A.D. 64) adopted Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus, whose father Aulus Caecina Paetus was forcedly made suicide by Nero. Further Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus have son Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Flaccus, which was grandson of well-known Gaius Laecanius Bassus (consul, A.D. 64) and have his family name. This young man got position of *triumvir monetalis* and was responsible for mint coins. If Pliny Eld. is the Head of "Aerarium Sanctum" (Messiah), then he could not refuse the request for help from the wife of *triumvir monetalis*. Thus, Plyni Y. (or Plyni Eld.) deliberately re-
places the surname of the sender of the letter from Bassus's wife to Tascus's wife, most likely done for political reasons.

Both authors, Pliny Young and Suetonius indicate that the servants were alive at the time of Pliny Eld.'s death. The excavations in Pompeii and studies of volcanic deposits of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) deposits show that absolutely all residents who fell under pyroclastic flow with high temperature died instantly [35, 36]. In [37] it is written that there were several PDCs deposits, the first of which stopped near the city walls around 8–9 p.m. the same day. The second PDC stream, which covered the entire city and killed all remaining in town inhabitants, reached Pompeii at approximately ~1 a.m., the next day. It reduces the search area for the admiral's body, in other words, the body of Pliny Eld. should be looked for outside the city, in the villas closest to the Pompeii.

It is difficult to observe the details of the Vesuvius eruption while in the city, as the building and city walls prevent this. The best view opens up from the villas located at the northwest gate of the city. The perfect view opens up from the Villa of the Mysteries. In [22], based on the analysis of frescoes, it was suggested that Villa of the Mysteries was a kind of local school of seismology, simply put it was a house of the Pompeian Sibyl. Please do not confuse the Pompeian Sibyl with the Sibyl of Cumae, who foretold fortunes on the faults of Cumae, located near Misenum, on the other side of the Bay of Naples. It is interesting to note that unlike the Villa of the Mysteries (Pompeii), in Cumae it has preserved an underground tunnel (*knee*) in which the priestess of seismology, sitting on a three-legged stool, was engaged in predicting fate.

Thus, we conclude that Pliny Eld went ahead to observe the eruption. Perhaps he also observed such a unique meteorological phenomenon, which is the reverse lightning discharges (reverse strikes), which often form in columns of volcanic emissions. During volcanic eruptions, the volcanic ash clouds are charged positively, so unlike ordinary thunderstorms, such a lightning strike is directed from the ground up to ash clouds. Figuratively speaking, it creates the effect of "*Defeated Gods*", that is, it is not an angry Zeus throws his arrows to the ground, but an unknown Hero sends a curse to the heavens.

Pliny's long absence worried the inhabitants of *Insule* VI.17.42, who sent their servants to find him. In room 35 (servants' room) the body of a sleeping man was found first by the servants, mentioned in the letters, and then again during the excavations in April–June 1930 [38]. Note that this is one of the two rooms in the Villa of Mysteries that has an exit towards Vesuvius. In Figure 4a it is shown the photo of body, presumably belonging to Pliny Eld. The location of the rooms in the Villa of Mysteries, their numbering, and the direction to Vesuvius are presented in Figure 4b. Additionally, for clarity, a map of Pompeii is shown in Figure 4c. The Villa of Mysteries and the House of Golden Bracelet (VI.17.42) are marked by arrows. In the author's opinion, identifying the site of the Pliny Eld. demise is a much more important task than a long and unproductive debate about the time of the volcanic eruption, see [33, 34].

Further, due to the ancient cosmology is object of this study, it is of interest to focus on what Pliny Eld. wrote in *Natural History* about methods for predicting seismic activity and the possibility of such a forecast. Thus, in *Natural History* we find the following lines [Book 2.81.191]. The enumeration of below quotations are obtained from the Loeb Edition [39]:

> "*The theory of the Babylonians deems that even earthquakes and fissures in the ground are caused by the force of the stars that is the cause of all other phenomena, but only by that of those three stars to which they assign thunderbolts; and that they occur when these are travelling with the sun or are in*
agreement with him, and particularly about the quadratures of the world."

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4.** (a) – Body cast in the Villa of the Mysteries. Room 35, view from room 34, May 2006; (b) – Room 35 and direction to the Mount Vesuvius are presented in the plan of the Villa of Mysteries; (c) – Villa of the Mysteries and House of Golden Bracelet (VI.17.42) are drawn on the map of Pompeii. (Source of Images: https://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/)</figcaption></figure>
Therefore, Pliny Eld. confirms the influence of planets on seismic activity. In the following lines of the same paragraph, Pliny Eld. gives two examples of successful earthquake forecasting by *Anaximander of Miletus* and *Pherecydes of Syros*:

> "On this subject a remarkable and immortal inspiration is attributed (if we can believe it) to the natural philosopher Anaximander of Miletus [610–546 BC], who is said to have warned the Spartans to be careful of their city and buildings, because an earthquake was impending; and subsequently the whole of their city collapsed, and also a large part of Mount Taygetus projecting in the shape of a ship's stern broke off and crashing down on it added to the catastrophe. Also another conjecture is attributed to Pherecydes [~600–550 BC] the teacher of Pythagoras, this also inspired: he is said to have foretold to his fellow-citizens an earthquake, of which he had obtained a premonition in drawing water from a well."

Quotation 2: Ibid.

Much later Diogenes Laertius (180-240 AD) in "Lives and Opinions of Emminent Philosophers" confirms more details an episode about the successful earthquake prediction made by *Pherecydes of Syros* [40]. Note that the statement of Aristotle (384–322 BC) on the relationship between meteorology and seismology are interesting ("Meteorologica", 366a6–368b24), but this issue goes far beyond the Pythagorean-Platonic cosmology considered in this study.

The reader can find a more complete review of the statements of ancient philosophers about the nature of seismicity in [41, 42], and the literature cited in them.

# 4. Results

## 4.1 Planets as a source of solar gravitons

Firstly, we demonstrate the example where Mars probably is the source of graviton. It is happened at the earthquake, which occurred nearby Japan coast in Hyuganada Sea. This earthquake took place on August 8, 2024 at 07:43 UTC; the magnitude of this earthquake is equal to with $M_w$7.1. The epicenter of earthquake was at the depth of 24 km. The planet configuration is characterized by planet linearity of Earth–Mercury–Venus (E–Mr–V = 0.0°), and Saturn–Jupiter and Earth–Sun planet parallelism (SJ||ESun), please see black and blue lines in Figure 5. The e-UTC line at 07:43 UTC crosses over Mars position, so probably that the solar graviton come to the Earth from Mars, see purple line in Figure 5a. Note that in all Figures 5–13 the direction of planet's rotation is counterclockwise.

More examples of study cases then the planets are the source of graviton are presented in Figure 6a and 6b. In April 2, 2024 at 23:58 UTC the strong earthquake with magnitude $M_w$7.4 took place nearby Hualien city, Taiwan, see in Figure 6a. The earthquake's epicenter was allocated at point with coordinates 23.819°N and 121.562°E on the depth of 34.8 km. The planet configuration for this earthquake are characterized as Fabry–Perot interference with planet parallelism of Mars–Earth and Venus–Mercury (ME||VMr), please see blue lines in Figure 6a. Remind that e-UTC line is oriented in such a way that at 12 o'clock UTC it crosses the position of the Sun. The continuation of the e-UTC line crosses the position of the Sun (dash violet line). Thus the Sun probably is a source of graviton (vortex), which generated earthquake on Earth at 23:58 UTC; please see Figure 6a.
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5.** The planet configuration occurred at the earthquake in Hyuganada Sea, Japan occurred at August 8, 2024 in two scales. Figure (a) is drawn in the Zoom In scale; (b) – in Zoom Out. The black line corresponds to planet alignment; the blue lines highlight the planet parallelism. The violet e-UTC line at moment of earthquake indicates the planet rotation. The e-UTC line is oriented in such a way that at 12 o'clock UTC it crosses the position of the Sun.</figcaption></figure>

In Figure 6b it is presented the planet configuration at the earthquake in Chile, in 41 km ESE of San Pedro de Atacama (23.079°S 67.840°W). The earthquake has magnitude of M<sub>w</sub>7.4 and took place on July 19, 2024 at 01:51 UTC. The planet configuration is characterized by Jupiter–Venus and Sun-Mercury parallelism (JV||SunMr). The continuation of the purple line passes through the position of Mercury, so it can be assumed that graviton came from Mercury, please see Figure 7b. So in this case the Mercury probably is a source of graviton (vortex), which generated earthquake on Earth at 01:50 UTC.
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6.** (a) – The planet configuration of earthquake in Taiwan occurred at April 2, 2024; (b) – earthquake occurred in Chile at July 19, 2024. The blue lines highlight the planet parallelism. At the moment of Taiwan earthquake the prolongation of e-UTC line crosses the Sun position, see Figure (a), and at the Chile earthquake the prolongation of e-UTC line crosses the Mercury position. The e-UTC lines are oriented in such a way that at 12 o'clock UTC it crosses the position of the Sun.</figcaption></figure>

Next, in Figure 7 we demonstrate the study case in which the Jupiter probably is the source of solar graviton. The strong earthquake in China, in 128 km WNW of Aykol (41.256°N 78.654°E) was occurred on January 22, 2024 at 18:09 UTC. The epicenter of his earthquake was on the 13 km depth; the magnitude of this earthquake is equal to $M_w$7.0. The planet configuration was characterized as Fabry-Perot interference with planet parallelism of Jupiter-Earth and Mercury-Venus (JE||MrV), please see blue lines in Figure 7. The e-UTC line at 18:09 UTC crosses the position of Jupiter, so the source of gravity vortex probably was planet Jupiter.
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 7.** The planet configuration of earthquake occurred in China on January 22, 2024. The blue lines highlight the planet parallelism of Jupiter–Earth and Mercury–Venus lines. The e-UTC line at moment of earthquake orients along the Jupiter–Earth line and crosses the Jupiter position.</figcaption></figure>

## 4.2 The orbit's wobbles as the source of solar gravitons

The extremely deep earthquake in the depths of 639.5 km has a place in Philippines, 106 km WSW of Sangay (6.084°N 123.150°E). This earthquake with magnitude of M<sub>w</sub>7.1 was happened on July 11, 2024 at 02:13 UTC. The planet configuration is presented in Figure 8 in the two scale: "Zoom In" and "Zoom Out". The linear alignment is created by planets of Uranus, Mars, and Earth (U–M–E=0.0<sup>0</sup>). The planet numerology also is presented by resonance ratio: EM/EV=0.9988, see red lines in Figure 8a. The planet parallelism is characterized by lines Saturn–Jupiter and Sun–Venus (SJ||SunV); please see blue lines in Figure 8b.

In Figure 8a the site of Jupiter's orbit, marked as S<sub>1</sub> red star, probably is perturbed by the influence of a Mars–Sun pair; see line M-Sun-S<sub>1</sub>. Due to the prolongation of the e-UTC line crosses the position of S<sub>1</sub> site (red star in Figure) disturbed by Mars–Sun coupling; we can assume that the solar graviton probably created on this the site of Venus' orbit wobbled by the load of the Mars–Sun.

Next we demonstrate the disturbing of the Jupiter's orbit by example of earthquake in Peru (2024). In Peru, in 10 km WSW of Atiquipa (15.828°S 74.454°W) at 05:36 UTC, on June 28, 2024 it was recorded the strong earthquake with magnitude M<sub>w</sub>7.2. The planet configuration of this earthquake is characterized by a number of factors, see Figure 9. Firstly, during this earthquake, the Kepler conjunction of Saturn–Sun–Mercury was recorded, i.e. the angle between Saturn, Sun and Mercury is equal to zero (S–Sun–Mr ~ 0.0<sup>0</sup>). The planetary numerology was also characterized by a resonant relationship between the distances of Earth, Mars and Venus (EM/EV=1.018). The Fabry-Perot type planetary parallelism is characterized by two pairs of parallel lines (SunV||EMr and SunMr||MV), see blue and green lines. Analysis of planet configuration shows that the solar graviton source for this earthquake probably is emitted by perturbed site of Jupiter orbit (S<sub>1</sub>). This part of Jupiter's orbit (S<sub>1</sub>) may have been disturbed by the for-
mation of the planet pair of Venus and Mars: Venus–Mars. The violet line in Figure 9 matches the e-UTC line at 05:36 UTC, crossing the S<sub>1</sub> position, so this site probably is a source of solar graviton.

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 8.** The planet configurations occurred at the earthquake in Philippines occurred 11 July 2024 in are presented in the two scales. Figure (a) is drawn in the Zoom In scale; (b) – in Zoom Out. The blue lines highlight the planet parallelism; the e-UTC line is drawn in the violet color. The extension of the e-UTC line crosses the position of S<sub>1</sub> site of the Venus orbit disturbed by Mars–Sun coupling; please see Figure (a).</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 9.** The planet configuration occurred at the earthquake in Peru occurred at June 28, 2024 is presented. The blue and green lines highlight the planet parallelism; the e-UTC line is drawn in the violet color. The e-UTC line at the moment of earthquake crosses the position of S₁ site of the Jupiter orbit disturbed by Mars–Venus coupling.</figcaption></figure>

In next Figure we demonstrate the fact that analysis of the planet configurations is not so clear process.
The strong earthquake with magnitude M<sub>w</sub>7.0 took place nearby city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
(Kamchatka peninsula, Russia) on August 17, 2024 at 19:10 UTC. The earthquake's epicenter was allo-
cated at point with coordinates 52.924°N and 160.141°E on the depth of 29.0 km.

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 10.** The planet configuration occurred at the earthquake in Kamchatka occurred on August 17, 2024 is presented. The blue lines highlight the planet parallelism; the e-UTC line is drawn in the violet color.</figcaption></figure>
The planet configuration is characterized as a Kepler's conjunction of Jupiter–Mars–Earth; please see black line in Figure 10. In this study case the source of graviton (vortex), which probably is a reason of earthquake on Earth, was not so clear. The position of S₁ site in the Mars orbit was disturbed by Sun–Mercury and Venus–S₁ parallelism. The influence of the parallelism of MrSun||S₁V is possible, that is, the graviton may come to Earth from the disturbed section of Mars' orbit (S₁). However, the influence of Mars or Jupiter also cannot be discarded.

**4.3 The multi objects alignment**

The multiply objects alignment occurred at the earthquake is presented in Figure 11 in two scales. This configuration occurs during earthquake in sea in offshore Cape Mendocino, California in December 5, 2024 at 18:44:19 UTC.

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 11.** The planet configuration occurred at the earthquake in offshore of California occurred on December 5, 2024 is presented. The black lines highlight the planet alignment; the e-UTC line is drawn in the violet color.</figcaption></figure>
The earthquake has magnitude M<sub>w</sub>7.0 and epicenter was allocated in point with coordinate (40.370°N 125.025°W) in the depth of 10 km. The planet configuration is characterized by Jupiter–Earth–Mercury–Sun linearization (J-E-Mr-Sun ~ 0.0<sup>0</sup>). The source of the graviton, as in the previous case presented in Figure 10, cannot be clearly identified. Thus, it can be assumed that the inclusion of the Earth itself in the disturbance system makes this process less obvious.

## 4.4 Influence of multi-parallelism on seismic activity

The influence of multi-parallelism in this study is presented on the example of the Vanuatu earthquake that occurred on December 17, 2024 at 01:47 UTC. The epicenter of this earthquake was located at a depth of 57.1 km, 30 km west of Port-Vila, located on the island of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean. The magnitude of this earthquake was M<sub>w</sub>7.3.

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>
**Figure 12.** Planetary configuration corresponding to the Vanuatu earthquake that occurred on December 17, 2024. The blue lines show the principle of parallelism; the e-UTC line is drawn in purple; the pairing of planets leading to orbital perturbation is highlighted in figure (a) as a green line.

The planetary configuration is characterized by the parallelism of Uranus-Saturn, Jupiter-Venus, and Earth-Sun lines, please see Figure 12b. Presumably the graviton that caused the Vanuatu earthquake at 01:47 UTC came from the Earth orbital segment marked by the red star $S_1$, see the continuation of the purple line in Figure 12a. This section of the orbit ($S_1$) was perturbed by the Mercury and Sun pairing, please see green line in Figure 12a.

## 4.5 The cascade transition of solar graviton

The cascade transition of solar graviton between planet orbits is presented on the example of Japan earthquake occurred on January 2024. This strong earthquake which allocated nearby Anamizu (Japan) has magnitude of $M_w$7.5. The Kepler conjunction of Uranus, Jupiter and Mars is recorded at the moment of this earthquake ($U-J-M = 0.0^\circ$). For convenience the planet configuration is drawn in Figure 13 in the medium scale. It is assumed that the earthquake was caused by the disturbance of the orbits of Jupiter and Mars in the site of $S_1$ and $S_2$, correspondently. The resonance type corresponds to the Fabry-Perot resonance, in which the parallelism of the $S_1$-Mars and $S_2$-Venus lines ($S_1M||S_2V$) plays a decisive role; please see the blue lines in Figure 13. This type of graviton generation was titled as a cascade transition: $S_1 \rightarrow S_2 \rightarrow$ Earth.

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

**Figure 13.** The cascade transition of solar graviton $S_1 \rightarrow S_2 \rightarrow$ Earth is presented at the sample of earthquake in Japan occurred January 1, 2024. The blue lines highlight the planet parallelism; the e-UTC line is drawn in the violet color. The position of $S_1$ and $S_2$ sites in the Jupiter and Mars orbit was disturbed by Mars-$S_1$ and Venus-$S_2$ parallelism.

## 5. Discussion

We are finishing the cycle works devote processes at three stage of our planet evolution. These stages
schematically are drawn in Figure 14a, 14b and 14c. Firstly in [3], [43] we investigate the nuclear terrestrial and lunar processes and ores origin that occurred during and after comet impact. Essentially note that only the author of these works allows planets to collide with comets; other astronomers and astrophysics consider collisions planets only with asteroids or hypothetical planets such as Thea. It is look strange and highlights the low professionalism of such researchers. Further, due to the delay of the possibility of an impact planet (satellite) with a comet and therefore absent the comet products under planet crust, the planet craters are not actually classified. In particularly, it means that the impact, pits, pingos, and the volcanic lava calderas on Mars and Moon are not distinguished. Thus, any statistics based on crater counts may turn out to be unreliable, and any studies using such statistics are dogmatic in nature.

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 14.** The scheme shows severe (a), moderate (b) and minor (c) impact to the Earth is presented as a three-stage process; (d) design of future interstellar mission.</figcaption></figure>

Next, due to the delay of possibility of comet impact, the "gas" trigger's mechanism and pseudo-volcanism activity with gaseous emissions of CO, CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₆, H₂O and C₂H₂ (and others) are a surprise to the astrophysics. Usually the researchers, decline the possibility of comet impacts, believe that the methane and water on Earth, Mars and other astronomical objects have purely geological or biological origin, and large volumes these species under pressure do not form under the lithosphere of planets and satellites. Important note that, without a theoretical justification of the origin of water and methane, any lunar mission, which is involved in searching of CH₄ and H₂O, is a gamble adventures and looks like financial fraud. Further that Great Impact Hypothesis (GIH), in which push forward idea about collision Thea planet with protoEarth, was expired due to isotopic crisis more than ten years ago, so Artemis, new Luna, and ChangE missions launch without theoretical backgrounds.

The outstanding research [43] is the basis of a new volcanological and seismological theory, revision of the theory of subduction and continental drift, the origin of water, oils, and diamonds, the Moon-Earth viscous liquid-droplet separation, a new elemental buoyant theory of inner structure of planets and stars, and finally, this ⁴⁰K fuel layer is an important milestone in the basic principles of creating habitable planets around stars nearby the Sun. Previously, the abstract concepts of inner structure of the Earth, and the theory of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and subduction received a clear and simple physical explanation.
According to the author's opinion, this work is worthy of several Nobel Prizes in physics and astronomy, and has not only theoretical but also practical application.

The next stage of the study is devoted to the evolution of our solar system over time; this process schematically is shown in Figure 14b. Our solar system periodically experiences galactic compression associated with the rotation of the galactic arms. In [44] it was shown that galactic compression led to the activation of solar and terrestrial nuclear reactors. The activation of solar nuclear reactor led to increase of solar radiation; from other side the activation of terrestrial reactor in turn led to the changes in tectonic activity, volcano eruptions, paleoclimate warming, melting glaciers, changes in the mantle and core structures, also changes in magnetic fields, create the *LIP's*, *MORB's*, and drift of continents. At increase of temperature most substances have thermal expansion, but at heading the nuclear matter compressing. This compressive load led to narrowing of the Earth, and as result to worldwide floods, tsunami, and various in sequence of sedimentation. It was shown that the mass extinctions occurred during worldwide floods, caused by the narrowing of the Earth at the time of galactic gravitational compression. It was shown that the average statistical altitude distribution of dinosaurs has a bimodal distribution and corresponds to permanent migrations between the plains and the hills. The requirement to paleontology, consisting of the mandatory recording of the actual altitudes of the fossils, is formulated, and we create a spatial method to discover paleofossils in the future. Based on this work we suggest creating the rescue life stations on elevated hills for save and cloned the biological forms at the galaxy storms. Thus this work [44] is significant and fundamental to geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, engineering geology, and sedimentology, and no doubt to life science.

In the next stage of research, the impact of solar system planets on volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, solar activity, and climate change was studied. Remind that in comparison of previous stage studies this impact is called as minor impact. A number of articles by the author have been devoted to this issue: [1], [2], [3], [45] and this study. In Figure 14c these studies are schematically represented as a planet alignment, sometime historically called as a Kepler conjunction. A detailed discussion of the problem of the relationship between Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and planet geometry, planet parallelism, and planet numerology was given above in the introduction, so here we will limit ourselves to referring only to the papers cited above. Recall that dark matter and dark energy are the patches to the theory of relativity. The planet parameters occurred at the investigated 9 events of $M_{w}7+$ earthquakes (2024) are summarized in Table 1.

At the end of this discussion we also announce a set of fundamental works devoted to the search for extraterrestrial life forms [14], [15], and [16]. It is shown that the hypothesis of transfer of chemical elements to the solar system, in astrophysics called metallization of the Sun, does not stand up to criticism. Within the framework of this series of works a new concept of synthesis of chemical elements in stellar reactors was developed. On the basis of the new theory of synthesis of chemical elements, in 200 pc of the Sun's vicinity were determined stellar systems, on the planets of which it is possible to form an atmosphere and ocean, and the origin of life. In [34], a theoretical paper was published on the interaction of solar radiation with thin monoatomic films. The results of this theoretical work are proposed to be used in the space industry to create solar panels and a "solar sail" for spacecraft on missions in the solar system, as well as to create a "solar parachute" for braking on remote interstellar missions. This cycle of works is represented in the scheme in Figure 8d.

For refusing to nominate the paper [43] for the Nobel award, the criticism of astronomy and astro-
physics in author's works was harsh and unrelenting. Astrophysics was attacked at the intersection of nuclear physics and stellar astrophysics. Each star is a natural reactor, so criticism is appropriate. In [14] it is shown that stellar astrophysics as well as earlier geophysics (planetary astrophysics) failed the nuclear stress test. In [14] the fault detection test is provided. At the same time, a blow was dealt to astronomy at the junction of geometry and gravity. It was shown that Albert Einstein's astronomy does not correspond to the laws of Kepler, Bode, Titius, and Laplace. These problems go hand in hand with the well-known problems of dark matter and dark energy, that is, with problems in the physics of galaxies and the universe.

<table><caption>**Table 1.** The summary of the planet parameters at strong with M<sub>w</sub>7+earthquakes in 2024</caption><thead><tr><th>Figure</th><th>place</th><th>Date, UTC</th><th>Time, UTC</th><th>M<sub>w</sub></th><th>Latitude, °</th><th>Longitude, °</th><th>depth, km</th><th>alignment</th><th>parallelism</th><th>source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>4</td><td>Japan</td><td>08.08.2024</td><td>07:43</td><td>7.1</td><td>31.758</td><td>131.519</td><td>24.0</td><td>E-Mr-V</td><td>SJ||ESun</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>02.04.2024</td><td>23:58</td><td>7.4</td><td>23.836</td><td>121.598</td><td>40.0</td><td>—</td><td>ME||VMr</td><td>Sun</td></tr><tr><td>5b</td><td>Chile</td><td>19.07.2024</td><td>01:50</td><td>7.4</td><td>-23.079</td><td>-67.840</td><td>127.3</td><td>—</td><td>JV||SunMr</td><td>Mr</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>China</td><td>22.01.2024</td><td>18:09</td><td>7.0</td><td>41.256</td><td>78.654</td><td>13.0</td><td>—</td><td>JE||MrV</td><td>Jupiter</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Philippines</td><td>11.07.2024</td><td>02:13</td><td>7.1</td><td>6.084</td><td>123.150</td><td>639.5</td><td>U-M-E</td><td>SJ||SunV</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>(V)</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Peru</td><td>28.06.2024</td><td>05:36</td><td>7.2</td><td>-15.828</td><td>-74.454</td><td>24.0</td><td>S-Sun-Mr</td><td>SunV||EMr</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>(J)</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Kamchatka</td><td>17.08.2024</td><td>19:10</td><td>7.0</td><td>52.924</td><td>160.141</td><td>29.0</td><td>J-M-E</td><td>MV||S<sub>1</sub>Sun</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>(M)</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>California</td><td>05.12.2024</td><td>18:44</td><td>7.0</td><td>40.370</td><td>-125.025</td><td>10.0</td><td>J-E-Mr-Sun</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Vanuatu</td><td>17.12.2024</td><td>01:47</td><td>7.3</td><td>-17.686</td><td>168.034</td><td>57.1</td><td>—</td><td>US||JV||ESun</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>(E)</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Japan</td><td>01.01.2024</td><td>07:10</td><td>7.5</td><td>37.487</td><td>137.271</td><td>10.0</td><td>U-J-M</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>M||S<sub>2</sub>V</td><td>S<sub>1</sub>(J)<br>S<sub>2</sub>(M)</td></tr></tbody></table>

**6. Conclusion**

In this work the planetary configurations that occurred in 2024 during strong earthquakes with a magnitude of M<sub>w</sub>7+ are investigated. It was once again confirmed that a case of planet alignments (Kepler's conjunctions) and planetary parallelism were observed during earthquakes. It was suggested that the sources of solar system gravitons can be not only our star (the Sun) and the planets of the solar system, but also sections of orbits disturbed by the pairing of planets. In 2024, it is noted one case of a possible cascade transition of a graviton between orbits.

The solar graviton described in this work was not predicted by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. The work has fundamental and applied significance and may be of interest to geophysicists, astronomers and astrophysicists.

In the author's opinion, the dismantling of Albert Einstein's theory should have been carried out in the middle of the last century, when the first patch, now called dark matter, appeared. The concept of dark matter solved some of the problems of dynamics, but the problem of young stars on the outer edge of the galaxy appeared. The method of successive patches to Albert Einstein's theory, such as dark matter, then
dark energy, and now dark symmetry, etc. is unpromising. Right now, only lazy does not criticize the new achievements of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope. Regarding the crisis in astronomy and the way to overcome this crisis, the readers should seek clarification from specialists in this field. Note that, the dark matter, dark energy, and dark symmetry are not subject of this study; in this study we push forward alternative Pythagoras-Plato cosmology.

**Acknowledgements**

The author gratefully acknowledges my wife for suggesting the topic of this paper and for the very thorough revision of the manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest**

The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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