# Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°41

Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin, Annette Berard, Céline Pelosi, Olivier Crouzet, Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines

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## To cite this version:

Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin, Annette Berard, Céline Pelosi, Olivier Crouzet, et al., Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°41. 2019. hal-02790742

HAL Id: hal-02790742

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790742

Submitted on 19 Nov 2022

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# Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

N°41, octobre 2019

Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1er septembre 2019 au 31 octobre 2019.
Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard, Céline Pélosi (UMR1114 EMMAH), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS - ONCFS) et Pascale Karmasyn-veyrines (DIST)
Destinataires : les membres de la liste : [ecotox@inra.fr](mailto:ecotox@inra.fr)

## Edito

Voici notre 41ème bulletin de veille. Vous y trouverez de nombreuses informations en lien avec l'écotoxicologie, la toxicologie et les activités du réseau. Une édition très dense, surtout au niveau de la revue de presse (SDHI, distances d'épandages...), la règlementation..., et également beaucoup d'informations sur les problématiques environnement santé travail, avec des points de vue parfois divers !

Nous vous proposons dans ce bulletin une tribune libre concernant le transfert et la distribution des pesticides dans les biofilms en lien avec les effets toxiques associés. Le texte est également disponible sous forme de fiche thématique en téléchargement sur notre site ECOTOX :
[https://www6.inra.fr/ecotox/Productions/Fiches-thematiques/Fiche-thematique-N-23-Octobre-2019](https://www6.inra.fr/ecotox/Productions/Fiches-thematiques/Fiche-thematique-N-23-Octobre-2019)

Notre équipe de veilleurs se renforce, mais si vous voulez nous rejoindre pour développer de nouveaux thèmes (il en reste !), vous pouvez nous contacter. Et n'oubliez pas de nous transmettre les informations que vous souhaitez diffuser, notamment vos publications que nous pourrions avoir oubliées.

Bonne lecture !

Contact : [contact-ecotox@inra.fr](mailto:contact-ecotox@inra.fr)
<table><tr><td>Lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on Eisenia andrei: Behavior, reproduction, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Tolerance to fluctuating water regimes drives changes in mesofauna community structure and vertical stratification in peatlands</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Interplay between Selenium, selenoprotein genes, and oxidative stress in honey bee Apis mellifera L.</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Earthworm communities in conventional and organic fruit orchards under two different climates</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>The effect of snow reduction and Eisenia japonica earthworm traits on soil nitrogen dynamics in spring in a cool- temperate forest</td><td>21</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>DROIT ET POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Règlement européen sur l'impact des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur les abeilles : la France salue le rejet du Parlement européen et rappelle qu'elle était le seul État membre à s'être opposé à cette proposition lors du vote au Conseil en juillet</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>EPA Proposes Rule to Update Pesticide Application Exclusion Zone Requirements</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Zone de captage d'eau du fleuve Kourou : détection et suivi des produits phytosanitaires</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Hearing of Stella Kyriakides, Commissioner-designate for Health</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Protecting Europe's land and soil resources is fundamental for a sustainable future</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>EU on track to end use of chemicals harming the ozone layer</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Projet de décret interdisant l'utilisation de deux substances aux modes d'actions identiques aux néonicotinoïdes</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>SYKE Policy Brief: Much work remains to be done on behalf of sustainability in mining</td><td>24</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REGLEMENTATION / DROIT</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Actualités phyto Ile-de-France Octobre 2019 - DRIAAF</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Liste des produits phytopharmaceutiques de biocontrôle, au titre des articles L.253-5 et L.253-7 du code rural et de la pêche maritime</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Réduction des pesticides : les indicateurs de risque harmonisés établis au niveau européen</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Produits phytopharmaceutiques : autorisations de mise sur le marché d'une durée maximale de 120 jours délivrées par le ministère dans des situations d'urgence phytosanitaire</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Study supporting the REFIT Evaluation of the EU legislation on plant protection products and pesticides residues (Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 and Regulation (EC) No 396/2005)</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation de la substance « Verticillium albo-atrum, souche WCS850 » renouvelée</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation de la substance active « alpha-cyperméthrine » renouvelée</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Exportations et importations de produits chimiques dangereux</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation de la substance « Bacillus subtilis, souche IAB/BS03 » en tant que substance active à faible risque</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active « méthiocarbe »</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Suspension d'importation et de mise sur le marché en France de cerises en provenance d'Etats membres ou de pays tiers où l'utilisation de produits phytopharmaceutiques contenant la substance active diméthoate est autorisée en traitement des cerisiers</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de pesticides présents dans ou sur les denrées alimentaires et les aliments pour animaux d'origine végétale et animale</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de cyflufénamid, de fenbuconazole, de fluquinconazole et de tembotrione présents dans ou sur certains produits</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorméquat présents dans les champignons de couche</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active « diméthoate »</td><td>27</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REGLEMENTATION / DEBAT</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>MEPs block member states' move to weaken bee protection from pesticides</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>MEPs oppose EU Commission plans to authorise three herbicide-resistant GMOs</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Consultation publique sur un projet de décret et un projet d'arrêté relatifs aux mesures de protection des personnes lors de l'utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques à proximité des zones d'habitation</td><td>28</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>AVIS / EXPERTISES / NORMES</td><td>29</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : avis de l'Anses sur les risques alimentaires</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : expertise de l'Anses sur la surveillance des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : expertise de l'Anses sur les analyses de lait</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Eviter une substitution du Bisphénol A par le Bisphénol B</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>ECHA to support identifying new POPs</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>L'exposition aux pesticides à domicile : les recommandations de l'ANSES</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide risk assessment for aluminium ammonium sulfate (approved as aluminium ammonium sulphate) : outcome of the consultation</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Exposition au cadmium : l'Anses propose des valeurs limites pour mieux protéger les consommateurs et les travailleurs</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>EPA Releases Aquatic Life Benchmarks for Freshwater Species and Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Registered Pesticides</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using MCRA software</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Outcome of the public consultation on the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the thyroid</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>NF ISO 15799 - X31-603 - Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices relatives à la caractérisation écotoxicologique des sols et des matériaux du sol</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>NF ISO 20130 - X31-299 - Qualité du sol - Mesure de l'activité enzymatique dans des échantillons de sol en utilisant des substrats colorimétriques</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>NF ISO 21285 - X31-330 - Qualité du sol - Inhibition de la reproduction de l'acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis aculeifer) par des contaminants du sol</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>NF ISO 21286 (X31-329) 2019. Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices générales pour l'utilisation du barcoding moléculaire dans les essais d'écotoxicologie</td><td>33</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>PUBLICATIONS DU RESEAU ECOTOX</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Action-orientated research and framework: insights from the French long-term social-ecological research network</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Toward the protection of bees and pollination under global change : present and future perspectives in a challenging applied science</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Monitoring and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Effluents from a Surface Treatment Industry</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>A dual mixture of persistent organic pollutants modifies carbohydrate metabolism in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Application of the European Water Framework Directive: Identification of reference sites and bioindicator fish species for mercury in tropical freshwater ecosystems (French Guiana)</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>The enzyme-modified comet assay: Enzyme incubation step in 2 vs 12-gels/slide systems</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>De novo transcriptomes of 14 gammarid individuals for proteogenomic analysis of seven taxonomic groups</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>Biomarkers as tools for monitoring within the Water Framework Directive context: concept, opinions and advancement of expertise</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>A sub-individual multilevel approach for an integrative assessment of CuO nanoparticle effects on Corbicula fluminea</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Cadmium allocation to grains in durum wheat exposed to low Cd concentrations in hydroponics</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Investigating the Impact of Manufacturing Processes on the Ecotoxicity of Carbon Nanofibers: A Multi-Aquatic Species Comparison</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Assessing extracellular enzymatic activities of biofilms on natural and standardized organic substrata immersed in a stream</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Multiresidue methods for the determination of organic micropollutants and their metabolites in fish matrices</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Combining genetic crosses and pool targeted DNA-seq for untangling genomic variations associated with resistance to multiple insecticides in the mosquito Aedes aegypti</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Impacts of artisanal gold mining on soil, water and plant contamination by trace elements at Komabangou, Western</td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Niger</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of bisphenol A on post-embryonic development of the cotton pest Spodoptera littoralis</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Influence of water depth and season on the photodegradation of micropollutants in a free-water surface constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Natural Chlordecone Degradation Revealed by Numerous Transformation Products Characterized in Key French West Indies Environmental Compartments</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Comparative proteomics in the wild: Accounting for intrapopulation variability improves describing proteome response in a Gammarus pulex field population exposed to cadmium</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Towards early-warning gene signature of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to Hg-containing complex media</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Selectivity of novel and traditional insecticides used for management of whiteflies on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Selection of macrophytes with Cu-enriched root biomass intended for ecocatalyst production</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Chemical profiles and insecticidal efficacy of the essential oils from four Thymus taxa growing in central-southern Italy</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Modelling BPA effects on three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms to improve the understanding of population effects</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Seasonal influence of parasitism on contamination patterns of the mud shrimp Upogebia cf. pusilla in an area of low pollution</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates)</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Ecotoxicology of silver nanoparticles and their derivatives introduced in soil with or without sewage sludge: A review of effects on microorganisms, plants and animals</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Combined spatial and retrospective analysis of fluoroalkyl chemicals in fluvial sediments reveal changes in levels and patterns over the last 40 years</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Concomitant exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan at environmentally relevant concentrations induces metabolic syndrome with multigenerational consequences in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Use of fish otoliths as a temporal biomarker of field uranium exposure</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Recycling, reuse, and circular economy: a challenge for ecotoxicological research</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on the freshwater diatom Gomphonema gracile: Complementarity between fatty acid profiles and different kinds of ecotoxicological impact-endpoints</td><td>47</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>COLLOQUES</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Colloque de la SEFA - 3-4 juillet 2020 Versailles</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>4ème Rencontres nationales de la recherche sur les sites et sols pollués 26-27 novembre, Paris</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>SETAC Europe 14<sup>th</sup> Special Science Symposium 19-20 Nov 2019 Brussels</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Journée technique "Contamination des sols urbains"</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Soil and the SDGs: Challenges and need for action 25 Nov. 2019 Bruxelles</td><td>48</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>OUVRAGES / RAPPORTS / ACTES DE CONGRES</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Robust evidence of declines in insect abundance and biodiversity</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS SNA Focused Topic Meeting Abstract Book - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Lead in Plants and the Environment</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 252</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Ecotoxicology - 1<sup>st</sup> Edition</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Information Resources in Toxicology - 5<sup>th</sup> Edition</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Et le monde devint silencieux - Comment l'agrochimie a détruit les insectes</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Les perturbateurs endocriniens : formidable intox ou vrai danger ?</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Permagaïa 1<sup>er</sup> semestre 2019 COLLECTIF Rustica</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Atlas de l'anthropocène</td><td>52</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Didier Guilllaume explique pourquoi une agriculture sans pesticides serait « une catastrophe »</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>La pollution de l'air détectée jusque dans le placenta</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Study Finds Three Billion Birds Lost Since 1970: “Early mornings are strangely silent where once they were filled with the beauty of bird song”</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>EPA Silent As Dicamba Drift Rages On</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Fact Checking: Générations Futures lance une nouvelle rubrique</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Toxic Pesticides Found, Again, to Yield No Increase in Productivity or Economic Benefit for Farmers</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Beekeepers Take EPA to Court Over the Bee Toxic Insecticide-Sulfoxaflor—Again</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Study Finds that Regenerative Agriculture Is Undermined by Toxic Pesticide Use</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>La cours de justice de l'UE doit se prononcer sur l'avenir des néonicotinoïdes</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Arsenic and vieilles dentelles à Moliets et Mâa</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>10 ways to protect our health and the environment</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Victoire des ONG : Interdiction de deux nouveaux insecticides néonicotinoïdes</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Germany Moves to Phase-Out Glyphosate/Roundup; EPA Unmoved</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Health and Environmental Groups Call on EPA to Revoke Glyphosate's Registration</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Dans l'eau des Landes un pesticide non cherché est un pesticide pas trouvé</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Santé publique France : de nombreux polluants chimiques mesurés chez les adultes et les enfants</td><td>68</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REVUE DE PRESSE / RECHERCHE ET MEDIAS</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Fishery in Lake Shinji, Japan, collapsed 1 year after neonicotinoid use</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>UMass Amherst team examines fertility impacts of male environmental exposure</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Harmful emissions from traffic, trucks, SUVs: New national air pollution report</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Prenatal air pollution exposure linked to infants' decreased heart rate response to stress</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides: Improved effect prediction of low toxicant concentrations</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Les poissons sont aussi victimes des insecticides « tueurs d'abeilles »</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Protection des abeilles Il faut mieux prendre en compte la toxicité chronique (Anses)</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Des salariés du leader du diagnostic immobilier ont été surexposés à des substances cancérogènes</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Phytosanitaires : L'Assemblée unanime pour un fonds d'indemnisation des victimes des phytos</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-phytos L'arrêté du maire de Langouët annulé par la justice</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Chemicals in consumer products during early pregnancy related to lower IQ</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotics with novel mechanism of action discovered</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Bacterial lifestyle alters the evolution of antibiotic resistance</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Multigene Biomarkers of Pyrethroid Exposure: Exploratory Experiments</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Lead pollution from Native Americans attributed to crushing galena for glitter paint</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>DNA-reeling bacteria yield new insight on how superbugs acquire drug-resistance</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Resistance to antibiotics doubles in 20 years, new study finds</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Règlement Reach : la France veut faire classer le bisphénol B en tant que perturbateur endocrinien</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Élisabeth Borne saisit l'Anses pour interdire certains biocides en vente libre</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Les députés européens bloquent une décision affaiblissant la protection des abeilles contre les pesticides</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Impact des pesticides sur les pollinisateurs : le Parlement européen retoque la proposition de la Commission</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil approves registration of 57 more agrochemicals</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Phytosanitaires : l'UE ne renouvelle pas l'autorisation du thiaclopride</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>L'ONF abandonne l'usage des pesticides en forêt publique</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Analysis of California's decision to ban the chlorpyrifos pesticide</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>US EPA's stance on glyphosate may affect legal, regulatory outcomes</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Le bisphénol A, interdit, est remplacé par d'autres bisphénols tout aussi dangereux</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Substances interdites : le risque n'est pas toujours là où on le croit !</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Strategies for robust and accurate experimental approaches to quantify nanomaterial bioaccumulation across a broad range of organisms</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Impacts of low-dose exposure to antibiotics unveiled in zebrafish gut</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>Produits phytos : Plusieurs entreprises s'unissent pour proposer un système de transfert clos</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>La Cour de justice européenne interroge les conditions d'autorisation des pesticides</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>The use of genetically engineered dicamba-tolerant soybean seeds has increased quickly, benefiting adopters but</td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>damaging crops in some fields</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>Viticulture Des vignerons bordelais demandent un délai pour sortir du glyphosate</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>Phytosanitaires Bayer multiplie ses opérations de transparence</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Researchers find antibiotic resistant genes prevalent in groundwater</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Viticulture « durable » : l'Inra inaugure le dispositif expérimental « Phenotis » à Colmar</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Focus - DPR2, un outil pour le diagnostic des pollutions phytosanitaires d'origine diffuse</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental toxins impair immune system over multiple generations</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Cleaning with bleach could create indoor air pollutants</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Exposure to BPA in the womb linked to wheezing and poorer lung function in children</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Chlordécone : enquête préliminaire en Guadeloupe sur de présumés stocks enfouis sous un lycée</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Les engrais phosphatés, source majeure d'exposition au cadmium</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Naissance d'une troisième voie</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Increasing global antibiotic resistance in food animals requires immediate action</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>L'effet cocktail des polluants de l'eau du robinet serait source de cancers</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>Summary of Chinese pesticide formulation registrations</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>Bacterial remedy for the toxic pesticide Carbaryl: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Le bisphénol A est bien un perturbateur endocrinien, confirme la justice européenne</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides SDHi : la controverse révèle le hiatus entre science réglementaire et académique</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides SDHi : les autorités sanitaires dans la tourmente</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides : les territoires les plus exposés</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>La Seine-Saint-Denis interdit l'usage de pesticides</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides : une faillite réglementaire</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>La protection des riverains lors de l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires : les travaux de l'Anses</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Pollution à l'arsenic dans l'Aude : de nouveaux tests confirment une surexposition chez cinq enfants</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Europe : l'Efsa consulte le public sur les risques cumulés des pesticides pour l'homme</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Les agriculteurs doivent se préparer à se passer du glyphosate en 2022 « Non aux arrêtés anti-pesticides, oui aux villes zéro phytos », Olivier Allain, vice-président de la Région Bretagne, en charge de l'agriculture</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Multidrug resistance: Not as recent as we thought</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Researchers find waterhemp has evolved resistance to 4 herbicide sites of action</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Le gouvernement veut impulser un nouvel élan pour son site « Sortir du glyphosate»</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Doubs Le tribunal administratif examine la légalité de deux arrêtés anti-glyphosate</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic resistance surges in dolphins, mirroring humans</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Controversial insecticides shown to threaten survival of wild birds</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Four billion particles of microplastics discovered in major body of water</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Environment: Pollutants found in skin and blubber of English Channel dolphins</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Microplastics stunt growth of worms: study</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>From New York to Chile, lead contamination project develops citizen science</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Pollution chimique : tous contaminés !</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>Plan d'actions phytosanitaires : où en est-on ?</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>La guerre contre les fongicides SDHI est lancée</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>Birds in serious decline at Lake Constance</td><td>85</td></tr></table>
# Tribune libre

## Transfert et distribution des pesticides dans les biofilms en lien avec les effets toxiques associés

En 2000, la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau a exigé le retour au bon état chimique et écologique des cours d'eau. Elle a notamment classé 45 substances comme étant prioritaires pour cette évaluation (directive 2013/39/UE), dont en grande partie des pesticides. En effet, en raison de leur utilisation massive, on retrouve aujourd'hui ces contaminants dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement. Par ailleurs, au vu de sa capacité à intégrer les contaminations, le biofilm est considéré comme un excellent bioindicateur pour l'évaluation de la qualité de l'eau (Edwards & Kjellerup, 2013). Celui-ci est à la base de la chaîne trophique dans les milieux aquatiques (Mora-Gómez et al., 2016) et se compose de microorganismes (microalgues, bactéries, champignons, etc...) enchâssés dans une matrice de substances polymériques extracellulaires (EPS) (Bonnineau et al., accepté).

Mes recherches de doctorat ont porté sur l'étude des mécanismes de transfert et de distribution des pesticides dans les biofilms en lien avec les effets toxiques associés. Ces travaux ont été réalisés avec une approche toxicocinétique par laquelle la bioaccumulation du diuron (un herbicide inhibiteur de la photosynthèse) a été suivie dans les différents compartiments du biofilm mature (Figure 1). Ce suivi a été réalisé sous plusieurs conditions abiotiques (vitesses de courant, températures et photopériodes) pour différentes durées d'exposition. En parallèle, des descripteurs fonctionnels et structuraux ont été mesurés comme des activités photosynthétique (pour les communautés autotrophes) et enzymatiques (pour les communautés hétérotrophes), ainsi que la biomasse totale, la production de protéines et de polysaccharides.

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1: Photographie de l'étang de Gazinet-Cestas à au gauche, d'une cagette après un mois de colonisation dans l'étang au milieu, et d'une lame recouverte de biofilm à droite</figcaption></figure>

## Impact des facteurs abiotiques environnementaux sur la bioaccumulation, la distribution et les effets toxiques des pesticides sur les biofilms

Dans le but de répondre aux différentes problématiques posées par ce sujet, quatre expérimentations ont été réalisées. Dans un premier temps, les effets des paramètres abiotiques environnement tels que la vitesse du courant, la température ainsi que la photopériode ont été évalués. En effets, ces facteurs environnementaux sont amenés à varier par exemple selon la section du cours d'eau, de la saison, ou à plus long terme de par le changement climatique.
La première de ces études a été réalisée dans le but de définir la cinétique d'accumulation du diuron dans les différentes fractions du biofilm (couche limite eau-biofilm, EPS et microorganismes) et les effets toxiques relatifs par des approches toxicocinétiques et toxidiynamiques. Le biofilm a donc été exposé à différents courants (quasi-statique représentant un système lotique tel qu'un lac et 2 cm.s⁻¹ correspondant au débit d'un petit cours d'eau) pendant diverses durées afin de caractériser au mieux la phase d'accumulation.

Les résultats de cette expérimentation ont mis en avant d'une part la distribution et la vitesse d'accumulation du diuron dans le biofilm (Chaumet et al., 2019a). En effet, il a pu être déterminé que le diuron été accumulé rapidement par les microorganismes (équilibre atteint dans la première heure d'exposition). D'autre part, il a pu être observé que l'augmentation de la vitesse du courant pouvait engendrer une modification de la structure du biofilm induisant une diminution de l'épaisseur de la couche limite eau-biofilm, et par conséquent, une augmentation de la vitesse du transfert des pesticides vers les microorganismes. Cependant, bien qu'un biofilm exposé à un courant plus élevé (pendant les périodes de crues par exemple), serait impacté plus rapidement par les pesticides, il ne le serait pas nécessairement plus une fois l'équilibre atteint.

Je me suis ensuite intéressée à l'impact de la modulation de la température et de la luminosité sur la sorption et les impacts du diuron sur le biofilm. Pour cela, ce dernier a été exposé à douze combinaisons de température, photopériode et concentration en diuron différentes, représentant divers *scenarii* (été, hiver, concentration environnementale et pic de pollution). Il a pu être montré les effets combinés de la variation de température et de photopériode sur la bioaccumulation et les effets toxiques des pesticides sur le biofilm (Chaumet et al., accepté). En effet, les analyses ont révélé une plus grande sensibilité du biofilm face au diuron en conditions hivernales (10°C, cycle jour/nuit 10/14) qu'en conditions estivales (26°C, cycle jour/nuit 16/8).

## Caractérisation des mécanismes de sorption du diuron dans le biofilm et réponse biologique

J'ai ensuite étudié les différents mécanismes mis en place lors de la sorption des pesticides dans le biofilm. En parallèle, cette partie s'est également intéressée à caractériser le temps de réponse biologique liée à la bioaccumulation. Le biofilm a donc été exposé à huit concentrations croissantes de diuron pendant deux heures, soit après l'atteinte de l'équilibre pour déterminer les isothermes de sorption. La bioaccumulation a été analysé ainsi que l'inhibition de la photosynthèse, comme proxy de l'effet toxique. Les données ont montré que la bioaccumulation du diuron dans le biofilm n'était pas linéaire (Chaumet et al., 2019b). En effet, le modèle de Langmuir (prenant en compte la possibilité de plusieurs sites de sorption) a pu être utilisé pour modéliser les mécanismes d'adsorption dans les EPS, et d'absorption par les microorganismes. De même, les données de l'inhibition de la photosynthèse le long du gradient de concentration ont révélé un impact continu, indiquant une absorption par les cellules de façon ininterrompue. Ces données ont également pu être modélisées selon le modèle prédictif $E_{max}$, c'est-à-dire en tenant compte du fait de la potentielle relation non linéaire entre la dose (concentration en contaminant dans l'eau) et l'effet ($EC_{50}$). Afin de tester la validité de ces modèles et de confirmer la non linéarité relevée dans les mécanismes de sorption du diuron dans le biofilm, les données prédites issues du modèle de Langmuir à partir de la concentration en diuron dans l'eau ont été réinjectées dans le modèle $E_{max}$. Ces nouvelles valeurs de l'effet toxique ainsi prédit ont confirmées le bon ajustement de ces deux modèles prédictifs aux données expérimentales. Cette expérimentation a également permis d'établir un modèle prédictif pouvant déterminer à terme la concentration en diuron dans l'eau et son effet toxique associé à partir de la concentration en diuron dans le biofilm. L'établissement de ces modèles sera utile lors d'étude de la contamination des microorganismes aquatiques par les pesticides lors d'étude de terrain.
La dernière expérimentation réalisée a porté sur l'étude de l'amplitude et du temps de réponse du biofilm face à une contamination aux pesticides. Celle-ci a été réalisée dans le but d'établir le temps nécessaire au diuron pour atteindre sa cible biologique. Pour répondre à cette problématique, du biofilm a été exposé à trois concentrations croissantes de diuron pendant trois heures, puis le biofilm a subi un pic de contamination de forte intensité, à la suite de quoi l'inhibition de la photosynthèse a régulièrement été mesurée. Les résultats ont indiqué quelle que soit la concentration d'exposition, une réponse très rapide : 30 secondes pour une exposition à 100 µg.L⁻¹, et 7 minutes pour une concentration de 5 µg.L⁻¹, de ce fait, il a été possible d'établir que le temps de réponse était dose-dépendant (Morin et al., 2018). Ceci indique également que l'accumulation intracellulaire du diuron se fait de façon quasi-instantanée.

## Validation des différents modèles précédemment établis

La dernière partie de ma thèse a eu pour objectif d'obtenir une vue d'ensemble et critique sur la totalité de ces travaux précédemment réalisés. Pour ce faire, les modèles de Langmuir et $E_{max}$ établis dans la partie précédente ont été appliqués sur l'ensemble des données obtenues au cours de ces trois années afin de valider et identifier les limites de ces modèles prédictifs. Il s'est avéré que ce second modèle correspondait en tous points au précédent (allure de la courbe, constantes), à l'exception d'une légère diminution du coefficient de régression, passant de 0,96 à 0,71 dénotant d'une faible diminution de sensibilité, mais d'un gain considérable en robustesse. En effet, le premier modèle a été établi à partir d'une base de données de 28 échantillons alors que le second se constitue d'un jeu de donnée de 228 échantillons. Par ailleurs, certaines limites ont pu être établies, notamment le facteur temps d'exposition, représente un biais au niveau de l'utilisation de ce modèle avant l'atteinte de l'équilibre. Cependant, ce point ne représente qu'une contrainte mineure pour un usage pour des études de terrain par exemple, où l'exposition est généralement supérieure à une heure, soit après l'atteinte de l'équilibre. Cette dernière partie a donc prouvé la robustesse des données obtenues et des différents modèles établis. Afin de parfaire ces modèles de prédiction pour l'évaluation des risques toxiques de la contamination anthropique, il serait nécessaire par la suite de considérer davantage de facteurs, comme par exemple les effets mélanges des contaminants, le temps de désorption ou encore l'impact de la présence de matière organique. Ces études complémentaires permettraient un usage de ces modèles sur le terrain, ce qui permettrait une meilleure évaluation de la qualité des cours d'eau.

## Conclusions

L'ensemble des expérimentations menées au cours de cette recherche de doctorat a permis de décrire les mécanismes de sorption du diuron dans les biofilms, à savoir des processus d'absorption par les cellules et d'adsorption par la matrice EPS. Puis l'influence des différents paramètres environnementaux étudiés a pu être mise en avant. Ces travaux démontrent la pertinence de l'approche toxicocinétique-toxicodynamique pour l'étude de l'impact des pesticides sur les biofilms fluviaux.

## Contacts

Betty Chaumet

UR Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (EABX), 50
avenue de Verdun - 33612 Cestas Cedex

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>
Pour en savoir plus

https://cote.labex.u-bordeaux.fr/Communaute/Portraits/Betty-Chaumet-Doctorante-a-Irstea-i6429.html

Bibliographie citée

Bonnineau, C., Artigas, J., Chaumet, B., Dabrin, A., Faburé, J., Ferrari, B., Lebrun, J., Margoum, C., Mazzella, N., Miège, C., Morin, S., Uher, E., Babut, M. & Pesce, S. Role of biofilms in contaminant bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in aquatic ecosystems: current state of knowledge and future challenges. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Accepted with major revision

Chaumet, B., Morin, S., Hourtané, O., Artigas, J., Delest, B., Eon, M., & Mazzella, N. (2019a). Flow conditions in fluence diuron toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in freshwater biofilms. *Science of the Total Environment*, 652, 1242–1251. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.265

Chaumet, B., Morin, S., Boutry, S., & Mazzella, N. (2019b). Diuron sorption isotherms in freshwater biofilms. *Science of the Total Environment*, 651, 1219–1225. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.286

Chaumet, B., Mazzella, N., Neury-Ormanni, J., & Morin, S. Light and temperature influence on diuron bioaccumulation and toxicity in biofilms. *Ecotoxicology*, Accepted with major revision

Edwards, S. J., & Kjellerup, B. V. (2013). Applications of biofilms in bioremediation and biotransformation of persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals / personal care products, and heavy metals, 9909–9921. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5216-z

Mora-Gómez, J., Freixa, A., Perujo, N., & Barral-Fraga, L. (2016). Limits of the Biofilm Concept and Types of Aquatic Biofilms. In H. G. and M. D. B. Anna M. Romaní (Ed.), *Aquatic Biofilms* (pp. 3–28). Caister Academic Press. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21775/9781910190173.01

Morin, S., Chaumet, B., & Mazzella, N. (2018). A Time-Dose Response Model to Assess Diuron-Induced Photosynthesis Inhibition in Freshwater Biofilms, 6(November), 1–9. http://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00131
## ERA / PUBLICATIONS
### SCIENTIFIQUES

Ecotoxicological and biochemical effects of environmental concentrations of the plastic-bond pollutant dibutyl phthalate on *Scenedesmus* sp.

**Authors:** Cunha, C; Paulo, J; Faria, M; Kaufmann, M; Cordeiro, N.

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY, 215, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105281

**Abstract:** Phthalate esters are highly present in aquatic plastic litter, which can interfere with the biological processes in the wildlife. In this work, the commonly found freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. was exposed to environmental (...) and higher concentration (...) of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). The growth, pH variation, production of photosynthetic pigments, proteins and carbohydrates were evaluated. (...) DBP downregulated the growth rate and affected the photosynthetic process. (...) The extracellular carbohydrates production slightly decreased with the presence of DBP, (...). (...) The results also emphasize the importance of assessing the consequences of the environmental concentrations exposure as a result of the DBP dose-dependent correlation effects.

Accès au document

Nanoformulations can significantly affect pesticide degradation and uptake by earthworms and plants

**Authors:** Fojtova, D; Vasickova, J; Grillo, R; Bilkova, Z; Simek, Z; Neuwirthova, N; Kah, M; Hofman, J.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, 16:470-481, 2019, DOI: 10.1071/EN19057

**Abstract:** An increasing number of nanoformulated pesticides (nanopesticides) have been developed (...). However, knowledge about their environmental fate and effects is still very limited. This study compares the soil fate and bioaccumulation of four model nanopesticides (chlorpyrifos and tebuconazole ...) relative to the conventional formulations and pure active ingredients (all added at 0.5 mg kg(-1)) in microcosms containing earthworms Eisenia fetida and lettuce Lactuca sativa in two soils (LUFA 2.1 and 2.4)

(...). The nanoformulations increased the soil half-life of the pesticides by up to 2 times (...). Pesticide bioaccumulation in earthworms was often increased for the nanopesticides probably as a result of their enhanced bioavailability. (...) also shown to affect the pesticide bioaccumulation in plants, (...). Overall, the microcosm results demonstrated that nanoformulations can significantly alter the fate and bioavailability of pesticides. (...)

Accès au document

## ERA / PUBLICATIONS
### SCIENTIFIQUES / ECOTOXICOLOGIE
### SPATIALE

Contaminant Concentrations in Sediments, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish in Proximity to Rail Tracks Used for Coal Transport in the Pacific Northwest (USA): A Baseline Assessment

**Authors:** Hapke, WB; Black, RW; Eagles-Smith, CA; Smith, CD; Johnson, L; Ylitalo, GM; Boyd, D; Davis, JW; Eldridge, SLC; Nilsen, EB.

**Source:** ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00667-0

**Abstract:** Railway transport of coal poses an environmental risk, because coal dust contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mercury, and other trace metals. (...) Baseline information is needed on current distributions, levels, and spatial patterns of coal dust-derived contaminants in habitats and organisms adjacent to existing coal transport lines. To that end, we collected aquatic surface sediments, aquatic insects, and juvenile fish in 2014 and 2015 from Horsethief Lake State Park and Steigerwald National Wildlife Refuge, both located in Washington state close to the rail line and within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. Two subsites in each area were selected: one close to the rail line and one far from the rail line. Detected PAH concentrations were relatively low compared with those measured at more urbanized areas(...) Trace metal concentrations were only slightly higher than
background concentrations, but a few of the more sensitive benchmarks were exceeded, (...) Chinook salmon and yellow perch showed lower total mercury body burdens than other species, but PAH body burdens did not differ significantly among species. (...).

Accès au document

## Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability

**Authors:** Catarino, R; Bretagnolle, V; Perrot, T; Vialoux, F; Gaba, S.

**Source:** PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 286, 2019, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1550

**Abstract:** (...) There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established (...). We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15-40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides costs reduced gross margins.

A comment of this article was produced by Terre-Innovia - https://www.terresinovia.fr/-/les-abeilles-plus-rentables-que-les-pesticides-pour-la-culture-du-colza-d-apres-une-etude-inra-cnrs-mise-en-perspective-de-terres-inovia

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## Spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: Influence of government regulations and farming practices

**Authors:** Gomez-Ramirez, P; Perez-Garcia, JM; Leon-Ortega, M; Martinez, JE; Calvo, JF; Sanchez-Zapata, JA; Botella, F; Maria-Mojica, P; Martinez-Lopez, E; Garcia-Fernandez, AJ

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 176, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108543

**Abstract:** Background: Intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. The use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. Detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. This study evaluates the variation in levels of OCPs in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices around the nests.

**Methods:** Between 2003 and 2007, we analysed OCP levels in 256 blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) chicks nesting in area of intensive commercial agriculture with historical frequent use of pesticides, in South-eastern Spain. We studied year-to-year variations in OCP concentrations and their relation with land use configuration around raptor nests by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM).

**Results:** OCPs were detected in 100% samples surveyed in 2003 and 2004, while dropped to 27% in 2005, 6.8% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007, coinciding with the ban of OCPs. The presence of the main OCPs was related to agricultural practices. In particular, endosulfan and lindane were related to irrigated crops and urban areas, while DDT-related compounds and dieldrin were associated with dry land farming.

**Conclusions:** OCP concentrations in blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owls may respond quickly to the implementations of new regulations about the use of agricultural products. This raptor was confirmed as a good sentinel species allowing rapid detection of changes in pesticides use.

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## ERA / PUBLICATIONS
### SCIENTIFIQUES / MICROBIOLOGIE ET PESTICIDES

Chromium-reducing and phosphate-solubilizing *Achromobacter xylosoxidans* bacteria from the heavy metal-contaminated soil of the Brass city, Moradabad, India

**Authors:** Oves, M; Khan, MS; Qari, HA
**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Volume: 16 Issue: 11 Pages: 6967-6984 Published: NOV 2019 Language: English Document type: Article

DOI: 10.1007/s13762-019-02300-y

**Abstract:** Chromium contamination in soil and water bodies is increasing predominantly due to inappropriate discharge from industries, and it is causing severe environmental problems and soil infertility. To improve soil quality, the sustainable approach needs to identify specific microbes capable of reducing chromium toxicity, enhancing soil P pool and expressing multiple plant growth-promoting activities. In the current investigation, a microbial strain OS2 was recuperated from polluted soil and was characterized by employing biochemical and molecular methods. Bacterial strain OS2 was identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans by 16S rRNA quality sequencing, BLASTn, and phylogenetic examination. Strain OS2 survived well at high doses of heavy metals: Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. A. xylosoxidans could solubilize up to 363 mu g mL(-1) tricalcium phosphate and reduced 100 mu g mL(-1) chromium after 24-h incubation. SEM and EDX analyses showed the highest accumulation of phosphate and binding with chromium up to 10.22 and 1.09 weight percent of total weight, respectively. A. xylosoxidans significantly produced IAA (26 mu g mL(-1)) when grown up within 100 mu g mL(-1) chromium, as detected by HPLC. Further, strain OS2, when used as a microbial inoculant, decontaminated the chromium and concurrently improved the growth of mung bean plants while growing under metal stress conditions significantly in a sustainable manner.

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## Macrolide- and quinolone-resistant bacteria and resistance genes as indicators of antibiotic resistance gene contamination in farmland soil with manure application

**Authors:** Wang, LJ; Zhao, X; Wang, JH; Wang, J; Zhu, LS; Ge, WL

**Source:** ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 106, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105456

**Abstract:** The appearance of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes (ARGs) poses a great threat to agricultural ecosystems. Here, to analyze the contamination of ARGs in the farmland soil with long-term manure application, quinolone- and macrolide-resistant bacteria, eight typical ARGs and two mobile gene elements (MGEs) were assessed as indicators. Compared with soil without manure, a large number of macrolide- and quinolone-resistant bacteria and

resistance genes were found in the soil fertilized with manure. The resistant bacteria rates were decreased greatly with increasing doses of antibiotics, which showed a significant dose-effect. In addition, the bacterial resistance rates of tylosin (TYL) were higher than those of enrofloxacin (ENR). Further testing of the distribution characteristics of ARGs showed that the relative concentration of ermC was the highest. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the abundance of intI1 and qnrS, intI2 and ermB, respectively. The total contents of ermB and qnrA were positively correlated with the concentration of roxithromycin (ROX) residues, the total content of Cu and Zn as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and moisture content (MC) of soil samples. Also, the abundance of ermC and qnrS was positively correlated with total and available contents of Cu and Zn, ROX residues dose and MC, OM in soils. The results of this study highlight the potential risks of antibiotics and ARGs in farmland soils.

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## Risk assessment for and microbial community changes in Farmland soil contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids

**Authors:** Wang, X; Gao, P; Li, DP; Liu, J; Yang, N; Gu, WZ; He, XH; Tang, WZ

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 185, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109685

**Abstract:** Food security and human health can be seriously affected by heavy metal and metalloid (HM) pollution of soil. In this study, the risks posed by HMs and microbial community responses to HM pollution of agricultural soil in southwestern China were investigated. The C, N, P, and S (nutrients) concentrations were 12040.7-15912.7, 1298.06-1832.01, 750.91-2050.35, and 269.17-2115.52 mg/kg, respectively. The As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations were 3.11-8.20, 1.85-6.56, 22.83-43.96, 11.21-23.30, 0.08-0.81, 11.02-22.97, 24.07-42.96, and 193.63-698.39 mg/kg, respectively. Interpolation analysis indicated that the nutrient and HM concentrations varied spatially rather strongly. The concentrations of all of the elements were higher in soil from the northern sampling sites than in soil from the other sites. HMs in soil were found to pose high levels of risk (RI 898.85, i.e., &#62; 600). Cd contributed more than the other HMs to the risk assessment values (Er-Cd 293.72-1031.94), so was the most serious contaminant. Microbial diversity decreased over time in soil with high HM concentrations (plot S2) and was lower than in soil with low HM concentrations (plot S8). The nutrient and HM concentrations correlated with the microbial community characteristics. Proteobacteria,
Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were (in decreasing order) the dominant bacterial phyla. We speculate that these phyla may be strongly resistant to HMs. The fourth most common phylum was Actinobacteria. Bacteria in this phylum could be used as biological indicators of the HM pollution status. Soil micro-ecosystems can self-regulate. HM stress will affect the evolution of soil microorganisms and relevant functional genes. The spatiotemporal variability in the microbial community responses to HMs and the spatial analysis and ecological risk assessment results will be useful reference data for the remediation of HM-polluted soil.

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## Changes in microbial community structure and increased metal bioavailability in a metal-contaminated soil and in the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays)

**Authors:** Mahrousa, N.N., Columbusa, M.P., Southamab, G., Macfie, S.M.

**Source:** Rhizosphere 11:100169, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2019.100169

**Abstract:** Metal-contaminated soils are common in many urban areas and are potentially toxic to plants and microorganisms. This study investigated metal bioavailability as well as the microbial (i.e., Bacteria and Archaea) functional and structural diversity in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of corn, Zea mays, grown in two metal-contaminated urban soils. The concentrations of bioavailable metals varied between the two soils and increased over time in bulk soil and in the rhizosphere of Zea mays. The microbial communities in bulk and rhizospheric soils metabolized nearly all of the carbon sources on the Ecoplates™ (including amino acids and amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and polymeric compounds), indicating broad degradative capabilities. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis indicated that the two soils contained very different microbial communities and that at day 30 microbial diversity increased in the rhizosphere of both soils. While the presence of Zea mays roots enhanced microbial community diversity in most cases, the physiological potential of the community in the rhizosphere decreased over time in one of the metal-contaminated soils.

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Potential of plant beneficial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in

## phytoremediation of metal-contaminated saline soils

**Authors:** Ma, Y., Rajkumar, M., Oliveira, R.S., Zhang, C., Freitas, H.

**Source:** J Hazard Mater. 379:120813, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120813

**Abstract:** Phytoremediation has been considered as a promising technique to decontaminate polluted soils. However, climatic stress particularly salinity, is a potential threat to soil properties and plant growth, thus restricting the employment of this technology. The aim of this study was to access the impact of microbial inoculation on phytoremediation of nickel (Ni) contaminated saline soils using Helianthus annuus. Salt resistant plant beneficial bacterium (PBB) *Pseudomonas libanensis* TR1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) *Claroideoglomus claroideum* BEG210 were used. Inoculation of P. libanensis alone or in combination with C. claroideum significantly enhanced plant growth, changed physiological status (e.g. electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde contents) as well as Ni and sodium (Na+) accumulation potential (e.g. uptake and translocation factor of Ni and Na+) of H. annuus under Ni and salinity stress either alone or in combination. These results revealed that bioaugmentation of microbial strains may serve as a preferred strategy for improving phytoremediation of metal-polluted saline soils.

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## ERA / PUBLICATIONS
### SCIENTIFIQUES / PESTICIDES ET FAUNE SAUVAGE

#### Effects of pollution on marine organisms

**Authors:** Mearns, AJ; Bissell, M; Morrison, AM; Rempel-Hester, MA; Arthur, C; Rutherford, N.

**Source:** WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/wer.1218

**Abstract:** This review covers selected 2018 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity
testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris. (...) The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport.

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# Contaminant Concentrations in Sediments, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish in Proximity to Rail Tracks Used for Coal Transport in the Pacific Northwest (USA): A Baseline Assessment

**Authors:** Hapke, WB; Black, RW; Eagles-Smith, CA; Smith, CD; Johnson, L; Ylitalo, GM; Boyd, D; Davis, JW; Eldridge, SLC; Nilsen, EB.

**Source:** ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00667-0

**Abstract:** Railway transport of coal poses an environmental risk, because coal dust contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mercury, and other trace metals. (...) Baseline information is needed on current distributions, levels, and spatial patterns of coal dust-derived contaminants in habitats and organisms adjacent to existing coal transport lines. To that end, we collected aquatic surface sediments, aquatic insects, and juvenile fish in 2014 and 2015 from Horsethief Lake State Park and Steigerwald National Wildlife Refuge, both located in Washington state close to the rail line and within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. Two subsites in each area were selected: one close to the rail line and one far from the rail line. Detected PAH concentrations were relatively low compared with those measured at more urbanized areas(...) Trace metal concentrations were only slightly higher than background concentrations, but a few of the more sensitive benchmarks were exceeded, (...) Chinook salmon and yellow perch showed lower total mercury body burdens than other species, but PAH body burdens did not differ significantly among species. (...).

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# Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability

**Authors:** Catarino, R; Bretagnolle, V; Perrot, T; Vialloux, F; Gaba, S.

**Source:** PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 286, 2019, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1550

**Abstract:** (...) There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established (...). We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15-40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides costs reduced gross margins.

A comment of this article was produced by Terre-Innovia - https://www.terresinovia.fr/-/les-abeilles-plus-rentables-que-les-pesticides-pour-la-culture-du-colza-d-apres-une-etude-inra-cnrs-mise-en-perspective-de-terres-inovia

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# Long-term declines of European insectivorous bird populations and potential causes

**Authors:** Bowler, D.E., Heldbjerg, H., Fox, A.D., de Jong, M., Böhning-Gaese, K.

**Source:** Conserv Biol 33(5):1120-1130, 2019, DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13307

**Abstract:** Evidence of declines in insect populations has recently received considerable scientific and societal attention. However, the lack of long-term insect monitoring makes it difficult to assess whether declines are geographically widespread. By contrast, bird populations are well monitored and often used as indicators of environmental change. We compared the population trends of European insectivorous birds with those of other birds to assess whether patterns in bird population trends were consistent with declines of
insects. We further examined whether declines were evident for insectivores with different habitats, foraging strata, and other ecological preferences. Bird population trends were estimated for Europe (1990-2015) and Denmark (1990-2016). On average, insectivores declined over the study period (13% across Europe and 28% in Denmark), whereas omnivores had stable populations. Seed eaters also declined (28% across Europe; 34% in Denmark), but this assessment was based on fewer species than for other groups. The effects of insectivory were stronger for farmland species (especially grassland species), for ground feeders, and for cold-adapted species. Insectivory was associated with long-distance migration, which was also linked to population declines. However, many insectivores had stable populations, especially habitat generalists. Our findings suggest that the decline of insectivores is primarily associated with agricultural intensification and loss of grassland habitat. The loss of both seed and insect specialists indicates an overall trend toward bird communities dominated by diet generalists.

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# Temporal Changes in Concentrations of Lead and Other Trace Metals in Free-Ranging Eurasian Eagle Owls *Bubo bubo* in Sweden

**Authors:** Helander, B; Sundbom, M; Runkel, AA; Bignert, A.

**Source:** ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 77:377-389, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00654-5

**Abstract:** Patterns of lead and other trace metals were examined in 122 Eurasian eagle owls *Bubo bubo* found dead in Sweden in the period 1978-2013. (...). Pb concentration in owl liver was significantly correlated with body weight, sex, latitude, longitude and season. Pb showed a significant decreasing trend towards north and west. (...) Total Pb concentrations in liver (...) decreased by 5.6% per year 1978-2013, or 5.3% after adjustment for confounding factors, similar to trends in other species. Among 14 other trace elements only antimony and arsenic showed decreasing trends. Lead isotope ratios Pb-206/Pb-207 and Pb-208/Pb-207 increased from 1.138 and 2.408 in 1978-1985 to 1.170 and 2.435 in 2010-2013, respectively, demonstrating that the decreasing Pb concentration in eagle owl is related to the phase-out of leaded gasoline in Europe (...).

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# Production of a specific monoclonal antibody and a sensitive immunoassay for the detection of diphacinone in biological samples

**Source:** Li, HF; Liu, S; Dong, BL; Li, CL; Yang, HJ; Zhang, XY; Wen, K; Yu, XZ; Yu, WB; Shen, JZ; Li, JC; Wang, ZH.

**Source:** ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 411: 6755-6765, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02051-2

**Abstract:** Diphacinone (DPN) is an extensively used anticoagulant rodenticide that is also considered a hazardous chemical, which poses a threat to nontarget species. DPN poisoning cases in humans or other species frequently occur, while rapid and sensitive detection methods are rarely reported. Thus, it is meaningful to develop an immunoassay for DPN detection with high sensitivity and specificity. (...) Using hybridoma technology, we obtained the specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4G5 with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.82 ng/mL in buffer solution. (...) The limits of detection (LODs) of icELISA were 0.28 mu g/L, 0.32 mu g/L, and 0.55 mu g/kg for swine plasma, urine, and liver samples, respectively, and the recoveries ranged from 72.3 to 103.3% with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 12.3% in spiked samples. In summary, we developed a sensitive, specific, and accurate icELISA for the detection of DPN in biological samples.

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# Teratological effects of pesticides in vertebrates: a review

**Authors:** Garces, A; Pires, I; Rodrigues, P.

**Source:** JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, 2019, DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562

**Abstract:** In the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates - mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

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## A neonicotinoid insecticide reduces fueling and delays migration in songbirds

**Authors:** Eng, ML; Stutchbury, BJM; Morrissey, CA,

**Source:** SCIENCE, 365: 1177, 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9419

**Abstract:** Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic insecticides widely used as seed treatments, but little is known of their effects on migrating birds that forage in agricultural areas. We tracked the migratory movements of imidacloprid-exposed songbirds at a landscape scale using a combination of experimental dosing and automated radio telemetry. Ingestion of field-realistic quantities of imidacloprid (1.2 or 3.9 mg/kg body mass) by white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) during migratory stopover caused a rapid reduction in food consumption, mass, and fat and significantly affected their probability of departure. Birds in the high-dose treatment stayed a median of 3.5 days longer at the site of capture after exposure as compared with controls, likely to regain fuel stores or recover from intoxication. Migration delays can carry over to affect survival and reproduction: thus, these results confirm a link between sublethal pesticide exposure and adverse outcomes for migratory bird populations.

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## Relevance of body weight effects for the population development of common voles and its significance in regulatory risk assessment of pesticides in the European Union

**Authors:** Wang, M; Ebeling, M; Hahne, J.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE, 31, 2019, DOI: 10.1186/s12302-019-0240-y

**Abstract:** The common vole (Microtus arvalis) is typically the wild mammal species driving regulatory pesticide risk assessment (RA) in Europe. (...) Thus, assessing body weight effects in voles very frequently constitutes a key scenario in the RA. (...) the relevance of body weight for their survival and reproduction has not yet been specifically analysed. There is also little guidance on how to quantitatively deal with body weight effects in the regulatory risk assessment of pesticides. We evaluated the population relevance of body weight effects on voles by analysis of a dataset from a multi-annual study with repeated life-trapping and genotyping, (...) The number of confirmed offspring indicated no correlation with parental body weight. Reproductive success of the

voles was mainly influenced by the date of birth. Body weight did not correlate with life span during most of the year, except for autumn. These results demonstrate no detectable influence of common vole body weight on reproductive success and survival during most times of the year. (...).

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ERA / PUBLICATIONS

SCIENTIFIQUES /

PESTICIDES / CLIMAT

et VdT /

ENCHYTREIDES

## Effects of Microplastics in Soil Ecosystems: Above and Below Ground

**Authors:** Boots, B; Russell, CW; Green, DS

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 53(19):11496-11506, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03304

Environmental contamination by microplastics is now considered an emerging threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. (...) This study provides evidence that microplastics manufactured of HDPE and PLA, and synthetic fibers can affect the development of L. perenne, health of A. rosea and basic, but crucial soil properties, with potential further impacts on soil ecosystem functioning.

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## A novel method for real-time monitoring of soil ecological toxicity - Detection of earthworm motion using a vibration sensor

**Authors:** Lee, WC; Lee, SW; Jeon, JH; Jung, H; Kim, SO

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 185, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109677

**Abstract:** The aim of this study was to develop a new method, using a vibration sensor, to address the drawbacks of preexisting methods for monitoring soil ecological toxicity. (...) Based on the results, it is concluded that the proposed method cannot only
overcome the shortcomings of traditional test methods using earthworms, but also enable real-time ecotoxicity in soil environments.

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## Biological and physiological responses of *Perionyx excavatus* to abamectin

**Authors:** Ng, B; Chanabun, R; Panha, S

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 26(27):28309-28318, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06013-0

**Abstract:** Biological and behavioral responses of the tropical earthworm *Perionyx excavatus* towards different concentrations of abamectin were evaluated. Abamectin significantly reduced the biomass and reproduction (...). Histopathological alterations can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the toxicological impact of exposure to abamectin.

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## Cold Resistance and the Distribution of Genetic Lineages of the Earthworm *Eisenia nordenskioldi* (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

**Authors:** Berman, DI; Bulakhova, NA; Meshcheryakova, EN; Shekhovtsov, SV

**Source:** BIOLOGY BULLETIN 46(5):430-437, 2019, DOI:10.1134/S1062359019050042

**Abstract:** It has been noted that the taxonomic status of genetic lineages isolated within the widespread earthworm species *Eisenia nordenskioldi* is not clear; differences in their cold resistance indicate in favor of advanced intraspecific differentiation. It was found that there are both moderately resistant (tolerating a cooling of -10...-12°C) and surviving at significantly lower temperatures (-28...-34°C) among the four *E. n.* *nordenskioldi* subspecies lines studied and the two *E. n.* *pallida* subspecies (...)

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## Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin Commercial Formulations to Soil Invertebrates in a Natural Soil

**Authors:** Ritchie, EE; Maisonneuve, F; Scroggins, RP; Princz, JI

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 38(10):2111-2120, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4521

**Abstract:** The use of neonicotinoids in agriculture is a critical environmental protection issue. (...) The toxicity of 2 commercial formulations containing the active ingredients (a.i.) thiamethoxam (Actara 240SC) or clothianidin (Titan (TM)) was investigated using 3 soil invertebrate species: *Oppia nitens*, *Eisenia andrei*, and Folsomia candida. (...) The observed toxicity for *F. candida* adult survival and reproduction and for *E. andrei* reproduction occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. (...)

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## Lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on *Eisenia andrei*: Behavior, reproduction, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress

**Authors:** Saggioro, EM; Santo, DGD; Sales, SF; Hauser-Davis, RA; Correia, FV

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 183, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109572

**Abstract:** The neonicotinoid acetamiprid has been suggested as a worldwide substitute for organophosphates, due to its lower toxicity. The present study assessed several acetamiprid effects on Eisenia andrei earthworms in acute contact (...), behavioral (...) and chronic (...) assays carried out in natural soil. Reproduction, cytotoxicity (...), immune cell typing (...) and antioxidant defense system (...) responses were determined. (...) A long-term acetamiprid exposure affected earthworm reproduction, behavior and immune and antioxidant systems, which could affect the ecological soil balance and, consequently, the entire food chain.

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## Tolerance to fluctuating water regimes drives changes in mesofauna community structure and vertical stratification in peatlands

**Authors:** Juan-Ovejero, R; Benito, E; Barreal, ME; Rodeiro, J; Briones, MJI

**Source:** PEDOBIOLOGIA 76, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2019.150571
**Abstract:** (...) Here, by selecting four peatland habitats differing in their dominant plant communities and abiotic conditions, we investigated the influence of the most relevant climatic factors (namely temperature and soil water content) in controlling the spatial and temporal responses of soil organisms and their potential links to above-ground plant functional diversity. (...) Our findings indicate future peatland responses to environmental changes should take into account the habitat complexity above- and below-ground community structure) and the modulating effects of the abiotic environment.

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## Interplay between Selenium, selenoprotein genes, and oxidative stress in honey bee *Apis mellifera* L.

**Authors:** Alburaki, M; Smith, KD; Adamczyk, J; Karim, S

**Source:** JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 117, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103891

**Abstract:** The honey bee, *Apis mellifera* L., is a major pollinator insect that lacks novel "selenoprotein genes", rendering it susceptible to elevated levels of Selenium (Se) occurring naturally in the environment. We investigated the effects of two inorganic forms of Se on biological traits, oxidative stress, and gene regulation. (...)

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## Earthworm communities in conventional and organic fruit orchards under two different climates

**Authors:** Castro, J; Barreal, ME; Briones, MJI; Gallego, PP

**Source:** APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 144:83-91, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.07.013

**Abstract:** Climate strongly influences the distribution of soil organisms in agroecosystems, but local agricultural practices can also alter the natural composition of soil communities. (...) Here, we used distributional and multivariate analyses to compare the species composition and ecological structure of earthworm communities in four fruit orchards (kiwifruit, grapevine, clementine, and olive) cultivated under CONV and ORG practices and located in two different biogeographic regions of the Iberian Peninsula (Atlantic and Mediterranean). (...) Therefore, the positive effects of implementing more sustainable agricultural practices in agroecosystems

will depend on their interactive effects with environmental factors, being especially useful in the dryer and warmer climates, such as in the Mediterranean region.

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## The effect of snow reduction and *Eisenia japonica* earthworm traits on soil nitrogen dynamics in spring in a cool-temperate forest

**Authors:** Makoto, K; Bryanin, SV; Takagi, K

**Source:** APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 144:1-7, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.06.019

**Source:** Due to spring climate warming, snowpack has been decreasing and the snowmelt timing has simultaneously been advancing in the cool-temperate forests of northern Japan. To investigate the effect of advancing snowmelt at the end of the snow season on soil nitrogen dynamics via overwintering earthworms, we conducted a snow removal field experiment at the end of the snow season using mesocosms with and without earthworms. (...) These findings indicate that the effects of snow decrease and the simultaneous advancement of snowmelt timing at the end of the snow season on soil nitrogen appear only just after snowmelt; alternatively, the effect of earthworm body size on soil nitrogen dynamics is predominant in late spring in snowy cool-temperate forests.

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## DROIT ET POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Règlement européen sur l'impact des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur les abeilles : la France salue le rejet du Parlement européen et rappelle qu'elle était le seul État membre à s'être opposé à cette proposition lors du vote au Conseil en juillet

Alim'agri 23/10/19
Alors que le rapport de l'IPBES publié en mai 2019 souligne que 9% des espèces d'abeilles et de papillons d'Europe risquent l'extinction, le Parlement européen réuni aujourd'hui en session plénière a rejeté la proposition de règlement de la Commission européenne en matière d'évaluation de l'impact des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur les abeilles communes.

« La France se félicite de la décision des parlementaires européens, qui ont désapprouvé un texte ne prenant en compte ni le dernier état des connaissances scientifiques, ni les préconisations de l'Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA). Face à l'ampleur de la disparition des abeilles partout sur notre continent, il est de notre responsabilité collective d'apporter des réponses adaptées aux menaces pesant sur les pollinisateurs » déclare Élisabeth Borne...

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# EPA Proposes Rule to Update Pesticide Application Exclusion Zone Requirements

## EPA 25/10/19

Proposal makes important, targeted improvements to the Application Exclusion Zone requirements to provide greater workability while continuing to protect farm workers

Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing narrow updates to the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) pesticide regulation to improve the long-term success of the agency's Application Exclusion Zone (AEZ) requirements. The targeted updates would improve enforceability for state regulators and reduce regulatory burdens for farmers. It would also maintain public health protections for farm workers and other individuals near agricultural establishments that could be exposed to agricultural pesticide applications. The proposed updates are consistent with the newly enacted 2019 Pesticide Registration Improvement Act (PRIA)...

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# Zone de captage d'eau du fleuve Kourou : détection et suivi des produits phytosanitaires

## BRGM 08/10/19

### Le besoin

En Guyane, au niveau de la prise d'eau de Matiti, sur le fleuve Kourou, on retrouve différentes substances dangereuses qui sont, pour certaines, identifiées dans

le cadre du suivi réglementaire alors même que, pour d'autres, l'usage en est réglementairement interdit. Il est nécessaire de pouvoir déterminer d'une part leur présence et leur quantité dans l'eau captée, et d'autre part l'impact que peuvent avoir les activités agricoles de la zone concernée.

### Les résultats

Installés dans des cages, des échantillonneurs passifs POCIS et MIP, élaborés par le laboratoire du BRGM, ont été placés dans les affluents qui drainent les zones de cultures se jetant dans le Kourou, en amont des criques et au niveau de la station de captage. Ces dispositifs contiennent une phase solide adsorbante contenue entre deux membranes microporeuses semi perméables, ce qui permet de détecter les flux de polluants en accumulant des contaminants organiques polaires (hydrophiles) à très faible dose présents en phase aqueuse. Ces deux dispositifs jouent le même rôle mais ne ciblent pas le même groupe de substances. Deux campagnes ont été réalisées, la première en saison sèche et la deuxième en saison des pluies avec une durée d'exposition variant de trois à quatre semaines.

Si en saison sèche, aucune trace de produits phytosanitaires n'a été relevée, lors des saisons des pluies, des traces de glyphosate et de duiron ont été retrouvées, montrant l'éventuel drainage des terrains agricoles par les eaux de pluie et/ou l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires afin de limiter le développement des champignons et des plantes invasives. Les concentrations de ces substances dans l'eau ont pu être calculées à partir des quantités relevées sur les membranes. Les traces de glyphosates sont entre 4,2 et 15,7 ng/l selon les stations, tandis que le diuron n'a été retrouvé que sur une des stations placées dans un affluent du Kourou, à 0,8 ng/l. Etant donnée la courte durée d'exposition, il est probable que les concentrations réelles varient au cours du temps en fonction de l'intensité des pratiques agricoles ou des précipitations drainant les produits phytosanitaires. On observe également une augmentation des concentrations d'amont en aval, probablement due aux apports latéraux au niveau des criques qui charrient le glyphosate (de 7,9 ng/l pour la station la plus en amont à 15,5 ng/l pour la plus en aval). De plus, il est probable que du glyphosate soit présent en amont des zones agricoles, au vu des traces retrouvées dans cette station. Parallèlement à cette méthode de suivi, des prélevements ponctuels ont permis de mettre en évidence des traces d'atrazine (27 ng/l). Pour rappel, la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau fixe à 0,1 microgramme (soit 100 nanogrammes) par litre la limite de qualité par rapport à la présence de pesticide dans l'eau potable...

« L'unité de traitement, de production et d'alimentation en eau potable de Matiti sur le fleuve Kourou, est un véritable outil stratégique pour la Communauté d'Agglomération du Centre Littoral pour assurer la desserte en eau de qualité sur son territoire. La forte pression démographique guyanaise
représente à elle seule un défi majeur à relever pour la collectivité. Il est donc évident pour la CACL que la surveillance et la préservation des ressources en eau est au cœur de ses préoccupations quotidiennes. Le partenariat entre la CACL et le BRGM pour l'étude et le suivi des phytosanitaires sur le fleuve Kourou s'inscrit dans cette démarche de maintien de la qualité du service apporté à l'ensemble des usagers du service d'eau potable. »

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# Hearing of Stella Kyriakides, Commissioner-designate for Health

## Europarl 01/10/19

The Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee questioned Stella Kyriakides, candidate for the Health portfolio.

### Pesticides, endocrine disruptors topic discussed

During *her introductory speech*, Ms Kyriakides said that the environmental and demographic changes faced by European societies can be dealt with only through a “one health” approach, placing good health and healthy food under a single policy umbrella. Her priorities include the new “farm to fork” strategy to improve food safety, action against antimicrobial resistance, and making sure that a steady stream of affordable medicines is made available to citizens.

MEPs put forward several questions on how the commissioner-designate would act with regard to the fight against cancer, the situation on pesticides, endocrine disruptors, bee health and in finding ways to get member states' to implement EU legislation more effectively.

You can watch the video recording of the full hearing here...

The Agriculture committee was associated to this hearing.

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## Protecting Europe's land and soil resources is fundamental for a sustainable future

### European Environment Agency 30/09/19

The EEA Signals 2019 'Land and soil in Europe' explains key pressures – such as urban sprawl, contamination, intensive use of agricultural land, landscape fragmentation – impacting Europe's land and soil. Today, artificial surfaces (buildings, roads, urban facilities) cover less than 5 % of the wider EEA territory and continue to grow despite slowing down in recent years. Almost three quarters of Europeans live in urban areas and continued urban sprawl is often

threatening productive land used for farming as well as forests and other areas home to wildlife and vital ecosystems...

Similarly, pressure from economic activities, including agriculture, can adversely affect the health of land and soils. Plant protection products containing harmful chemicals can boost yields in the short-term but risk undermining soil productivity in the long-term. Europe's agriculture sector relies on healthy soils, which can only be ensured through a comprehensive set of measures involving a combination of agricultural practices (e.g. precision farming, crop diversification, etc.), rural and agricultural communities (e.g. tackling land abandonment), as well as retailers and consumers (e.g. reducing food waste)...

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# EU on track to end use of chemicals harming the ozone layer

### Europe Environment Agency 17/09/19

The European Union (EU) has achieved its goals to phase out ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol. A new European Environment Agency (EEA) report shows that in 2018 the EU again destroyed or exported more ozone-depleting substances than it produced or imported.

The EEA's annual report on ozone-depleting substances confirms that the EU keeps contributing to the global phase-out of chemicals harming the ozone layer, in line with its commitments under the Montreal Protocol. Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are widely used in refrigerants, polymers, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

The new EEA report shows that the consumption of ozone-depleting substances in the EU in 2018 remained negative (-1 505 tonnes), which means that more of these substances were destroyed or exported than produced or imported. The EU's consumption of these substances has been negative since 2010 with the exception of 2012.

The results reflect the successful implementation of the EU's 'ODS Regulation' (EC) No 1005/2009, which goes further than the Montreal Protocol, in combination with high destruction rates and decreasing stocks.

The EEA report is published on the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, which is marked every year on 16 September...

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# Projet de décret interdisant l'utilisation de deux substances aux modes d'actions identiques aux néonicotinoïdes

**Alim'Agri 17/09/19**

Le Gouvernement est déterminé à réduire l'impact de l'usage des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur les pollinisateurs et les écosystèmes. Le Gouvernement a pour cela décidé d'interdire l'utilisation des deux substances phytopharmaceutiques ayant des modes d'actions identiques aux néonicotinoïdes, en application de la loi EGAlim.

Les néonicotinoïdes sont une famille de substances employées dans des produits insecticides. Ces substances agissent sur le système nerveux central des insectes. En raison de leur toxicité sur les pollinisateurs, mise en évidence par de nombreuses études, ces substances constituent l'une des causes du déclin des colonies d'abeilles.

Depuis le 1er septembre 2018, la France a interdit, en application de la loi Biodiversité de 2016, l'utilisation de 5 substances actives de la famille des néonicotinoïdes dans les produits phytopharmaceutiques et dans le traitement des semences.

Le Gouvernement souhaite aller plus loin dans la protection de la santé et de l'environnement en mettant en œuvre l'interdiction prévue dans la loi EGAlim, des substances présentant le même mode d'action que les néonicotinoïdes. En l'état actuel des connaissances, deux substances répondent à cette définition : le sulfoxaflor et la flupyradifurone.

C'est pourquoi le ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, le ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé et le ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation ont élaboré un projet de décret pour interdire ces deux substances d'ici la fin de l'année. Ce décret est mis en consultation publique à compter de ce mercredi 11 septembre, pendant trois semaines, à l'adresse suivante : http://www.consultations-publiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/consultation-publique-sur-le-projet-de-decret-a2033.html

Parallèlement, la France porte au niveau européen des positions ambitieuses afin de renforcer la prise en compte des impacts sur les pollinisateurs dans le processus d'autorisation des nouvelles substances phytopharmaceutiques.

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## SYKE Policy Brief: Much work remains to be done on behalf of sustainability in mining

**Peer.eu 02/09/19**

According to the new Policy Brief publication by the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), environmental points of view must be considered in all phases of a mine's life cycle, from ore prospecting, all the way to the closing of the mine, and aftercare.

The renewable energy technologies required by a low-carbon society need metals. The mining of metals has increased many times over in Finland. Consequently, the environmental and social impact of mines needs more attention than before. Water management in mines is a key consideration in the conditions that prevail in Finland. It is also important for companies in the mining field to communicate actively about their activities already in the ore prospecting and planning phases so that local residents can affect the projects.

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# REGLEMENTATION / DROIT

## Actualités phyto Ile-de-France Octobre 2019 - DRIAAF

**DRIIAF 31/10/19**

Lettre d'information n°118 de la DRIAAF, site officiel du ministère de l'agriculture en Île-de-France

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## Liste des produits phytopharmaceutiques de biocontrôle, au titre des articles L.253-5 et L.253-7 du code rural et de la pêche maritime

**B.O. Agri 31/10/19**

Cette note de service DGAL/SDQSPV/2019-722 établit la liste des produits phytopharmaceutiques de biocontrôle, au titre des articles L.253-5 et L.253-7 du code rural et de la pêche maritime. Elle définit également la méthodologie d'élaboration de la liste, et notamment les critères généraux de définition des produits concernés.

(Télécharger le PDF (819ko))

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# Réduction des pesticides : les indicateurs de risque harmonisés établis au niveau européen

**Alim'Agri 25/10/19**

La directive européenne 2009/128 instaure « un cadre d'action communautaire pour parvenir à une utilisation des pesticides compatible avec le développement durable ». Elle pose les bases de plusieurs dispositifs réglementaires visant la réduction de l'utilisation, des risques et des impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques (le certiphyto, l'inspection des matériels de pulvérisation, les restrictions d'usages dans les zones sensibles, l'interdiction de la pulvérisation aérienne, l'obligation de mettre en œuvre la protection intégrée des cultures...).

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# Produits phytopharmaceutiques : autorisations de mise sur le marché d'une durée maximale de 120 jours délivrées par le ministère dans des situations d'urgence phytosanitaire

**Alim'Agri 25/10/19**

Dans le cadre de la loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt (LAAAF) du 13 octobre 2014, le ministère chargé de l'Agriculture reste compétent pour délivrer, dans des situations d'urgence phytosanitaire, des autorisations de mise sur le marché d'une durée maximale de 120 jours. Ces décisions sont rendues publiques sur le site du ministère durant leur période de validité.

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# Study supporting the REFIT Evaluation of the EU legislation on plant protection products and pesticides residues (Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 and Regulation (EC) No 396/2005)

**EUROPA Publication Office 11/10/19**

The "Study supporting the REFIT Evaluation of the EU legislation on plant protection products and pesticides residues" provides an analysis of the legislative framework for pesticides. It covers two Regulations : Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 on the placing of plant protection products on the market, and Regulation

(EC) No 396/2005 on pesticide residues in food and feed. The study assesses the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, coherence, and the EU added value of these Regulations.

The analysis is based on case studies and on extensive consultation, which encompassed interviews, focus groups, workshops, and surveys. Almost 10,000 citizens participated in an Open Public Consultation. The study finds that the two Regulations are overall effective and relevant. The Regulations allow a higher level of harmonisation across MSs that enhances the functioning of the internal market and protection of the health of consumers. Still, there is room to improve. The complexity of the issues at hand adds to the challenges of harmonisation, coordination, and implementation. These difficulties create obstacles to the full functioning of the internal market and protecting the health of humans, animals, and the environment.

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# Approbation de la substance «*Verticillium albo-atrum, souche WCS850*» renouvelée

**EurLex 11/10/19**

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2019/1675 DE LA COMMISSION du 4 octobre 2019 renouvelant l'approbation de la substance « Verticillium albo-atrum, souche WCS850» en tant que substance active à faible risque, conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1675

Date de signature : 04/10/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification le 01/11/2019
Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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# Approbation de la substance active «*alpha-cyperméthrine*» renouvelée

**EurLex 11/10/19**

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2019/1690 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 octobre 2019 renouvelant l'approbation de la substance active «*alpha-cyperméthrine*» en tant que substance dont on envisage la substitution, conformément au règlement (CE) no 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du
Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) no 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1690

Date de signature : 09/10/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification le 01/11/2019
Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques

EURLEX 11/10/19

RÈGLEMENT (UE) 2019/1691 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 octobre 2019 modifiant l'annexe V du règlement (CE) no 1907/2006 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques, ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances (REACH)

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1691

Date de signature : 09/10/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement
CE/1907/2006 18/12/2006

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## Exportations et importations de produits chimiques dangereux

RÈGLEMENT DÉLÉGUÉ (UE) 2019/1701 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 juillet 2019 modifiant les annexes I et V du règlement (UE) n° 649/2012 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant les exportations et importations de produits chimiques dangereux

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1701

Date de signature : 23/07/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement
UE/649/2012 04/07/2012

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## Approbation de la substance «Bacillus subtilis, souche IAB/BS03» en tant que substance active à faible risque

EurLex 04/10/19

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2019/1605 DE LA COMMISSION du 27 septembre 2019 portant approbation de la substance «Bacillus subtilis, souche IAB/BS03» en tant que substance active à faible risque, conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1605

Date de signature : 27/09/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution
UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «méthiocarbe»

EurLex 04/10/19

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2019/1606 DE LA COMMISSION du 27 septembre 2019 portant sur le non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «méthiocarbe», conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1606

Date de signature : 27/09/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution
UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Suspension d'importation et de mise sur le marché en France de cerises en provenance d'Etats membres ou de pays tiers où l'utilisation de produits phytopharmaceutiques contenant la substance active diméthoate est autorisée en traitement des cerisiers

Legifrance 20/09/19
L'arrêté du 21 avril 2016 portant suspension d'importation et de mise sur le marché en France de cerises en provenance d'Etats membres ou de pays tiers où l'utilisation de produits phytopharmaceutiques contenant la substance active diméthoate est autorisée en traitement des cerisiers, est abrogé.

Numéro officiel : AGRG1610662A

Date de signature : 21/04/2016

Historique : Abrogation par Arrêté 19/07/2019 NOR ECOC1706924A

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## Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de pesticides présents dans ou sur les denrées alimentaires et les aliments pour animaux d'origine végétale et animale

EurLex 20/09/19

RÈGLEMENT (CE) N° 396/2005 DU PARLEMENT EUROPEEN ET DU CONSEIL du 23 février 2005 concernant les limites maximales applicables aux résidus de pesticides présents dans ou sur les denrées alimentaires et les aliments pour animaux d'origine végétale et animale et modifiant la directive 91/414/CEE du Conseil

Numéro officiel : CE/396/2005

Date de signature : 23/02/2005

Historique : Modification le 07/04/2020 par Règlement UE/2019/1559 16/09/2019

Modification par Règlement UE/2019/1561 17/09/2019

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## Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de cyflufénamid, de fenbuconazole, de fluquinconazole et de tembotrione présents dans ou sur certains produits

EurLex 20/09/19

RÈGLEMENT (UE) 2019/1559 DE LA COMMISSION du 16 septembre 2019 modifiant les annexes II et III du règlement (CE) n° 396/2005 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne les limites maximales

applicables aux résidus de cyflufénamid, de fenbuconazole, de fluquinconazole et de tembotrione présents dans ou sur certains produits.

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1559

Date de signature : 16/09/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification le 07/04/2020 Règlement CE/396/2005 23/02/2005

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## Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorméquat présents dans les champignons de couche

EurLex 23/09/19

RÈGLEMENT (UE) 2019/1561 DE LA COMMISSION du 17 septembre 2019 modifiant les annexes II et III du règlement (CE) n° 396/2005 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne les limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorméquat présents dans les champignons de couche

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1561

Date de signature : 17/09/2019

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement CE/396/2005 23/02/2005

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## Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «diméthoate»

EURLex 17/09/19

Rectificatif au règlement d'exécution (UE) 2019/1090 de la Commission du 26 juin 2019 portant sur le non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «diméthoate», conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2019/1090

Liens juridiques : Rectification Règlement d'exécution UE/2019/1090 26/06/2019

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REGLEMENTATION /
DEBAT

MEPs block member states' move
to weaken bee protection from
pesticides

Europarl 23/10/19

The European Commission's draft proposal was intended to incorporate into EU law the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) 2013 guidance to cut the use of pesticides that harm bees. The guidance indicated how pesticides should be tested, in order to protect bees from both acute and chronic exposure. Pesticides would remain available on the market only if they pass these new tests.

However, most EU member states opposed the
provisions, forcing the Commission into a compromise
to keep on board only provisions that protect bees
against acute exposure...

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MEPs oppose EU Commission
plans to authorise three
herbicide-resistant GMOs

Europarl 10/10/19

MEPs opposed the EU Commission plans to authorise imports of products containing three glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium-resistant GMOs, in non-binding resolutions on Thursday...

These authorisations cover the import of products
containing or consisting of GMOs Maize MZHGOJG,
Maize MON 89034 and soybean A2704-12.

These GMOs have been made tolerant to glyphosate-
based and glufosinate ammonium-based herbicides.
MEPs say that a number of studies show that such GM
crops result in a higher use of weed killers. The crop
may be exposed to repeated doses, which potentially
lead to higher quantity of residues in the harvest, they
say.

Concerning the imports of GM soybean, MEPs also
highlight that soya production is a key driver of
deforestation in South America. The European Union is
the world's second largest soya importer and the
majority of the soya imported into the European Union
is for animal feed. Analysis by the Commission found
that soya has historically been the EU's number one
contributor to global deforestation.

Moreover, a recent [pan-European Union survey](#) found
that almost 90 % of respondents think that new laws

are needed to ensure that products sold in the EU do
not contribute to global deforestation, say MEPs...

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Consultation publique sur un
projet de décret et un projet
d'arrêté relatifs aux mesures de
protection des personnes lors de
l'utilisation des produits
phytopharmaceutiques à
proximité des zones d'habitation

Ministère de la transition écologique et solidaire
17/09/19

La protection de la santé des populations riveraines de zones de traitement par des produits phytosanitaires, ainsi que celle des exploitants agricoles constitue l'un des axes prioritaires du plan d'action gouvernemental lancé en 2018 pour une agriculture plus économe en pesticides.

Le Gouvernement est déterminé à renforcer la
protection des populations ainsi que celle des
exploitants agricoles, et à améliorer le dialogue entre
agriculteurs, riverains et élus locaux.

La loi EGALIM a introduit des dispositions spécifiques pour la protection des riverains, en privilégiant le dialogue local, au niveau départemental via la mise en place de chartes d'engagement concertées entre les agriculteurs, les associations, les élus, à partir du 1er janvier 2020.

Dans le cadre du travail préparatoire à la mise en
place de ces chartes, le Gouvernement a demandé en
janvier dernier à l'Agence nationale de sécurité
sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du
travail (Anses) un appui scientifique et technique sur
ces mesures de protection. **Son avis, rendu le 14 juin dernier, recommande la mise en place de distances minimales entre les habitations et les zones de traitement des cultures par des produits phytosanitaires, en fonction des cultures, des matériels de pulvérisation utilisés.**

Par ailleurs, le Conseil d'État, dans sa décision du 26
juin dernier, a demandé à l'Etat de prendre des
mesures de protection des riverains supplémentaires,
d'ici la fin de l'année.

Les projets de texte mis en consultation visent donc à
préciser les règles à respecter pour l'élaboration des
chartes, les distances minimales applicables pour
l'épandage des produits phytosanitaires à proximité
des habitations et les techniques d'application de ces
produits.

L'élaboration de ces projets de texte (un décret et un
arrêté) s'est appuyée sur les recommandations d'un
rapport inter-inspections (CGEDD, CGAAER, IGAS) de
mars 2019 et sur l'avis de l'Anses du 14 juin 2019.

Le projet de décret encadre l'élaboration de ces chartes et leur validation par le préfet de département. Ces chartes doivent permettre d'installer un dialogue local entre utilisateurs et riverains et définiront de manière concertée et adaptée un certain nombre de mesures, telles que les modalités d'information préalable aux traitements.

Après cette phase de consultation, le décret (règles d'élaboration des chartes) et l'arrêté (distances minimales) définitifs entreront en vigueur le 1er janvier 2020. Ils sont également soumis à la consultation de la Commission européenne.

Avec ce dispositif, la France se dote d'un cadre national pour la protection des riverains et deviendra un de ses seuls pays européens à instaurer de telles mesures.

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## AVIS / EXPERTISES / NORMES

### Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : avis de l'Anses sur les risques alimentaires

#### ANSES 18/10/19

Suite à l'incendie de l'usine Lubrizol, l'Anses a été saisie le 2 octobre dernier par le ministère en charge de l'Agriculture pour évaluer les risques alimentaires pouvant découler des retombées du panache de fumée. L'Agence publie ce jour son avis sur les analyses réalisées sur les productions agricoles prélevées du 28 septembre au 10 octobre.

Dans les jours suivant l'incendie, les animaux ont pu être exposés aux retombées des suies de l'incendie par l'inhalation des fumées et le dépôt direct de particules de fumée sur les muqueuses pulmonaires, ainsi que par la consommation d'aliments contaminés, notamment l'herbe des pâtures ou l'ensilage qui aurait été peu ou mal couvert et aurait subi un dépôt polluant...

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### Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : expertise de l'Anses sur la surveillance des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine

#### ANSES 17/10/19

Dans le cadre de son expertise sur les risques sanitaires potentiels liés aux contaminations par les retombées de l'incendie de l'usine Lubrizol, l'Anses publie ce jour son avis concernant la surveillance des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine (EDCH) en Normandie.

Le 26 septembre 2019, un suivi renforcé de la qualité des EDCH a été mis en place par l'Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) de Normandie. Il a ciblé en priorité les réservoirs d'eau potable aériens situés sous le panache et à proximité de la source de pollution, puis les captages d'eaux souterraines utilisés pour produire de l'EDCH situés en dessous et à proximité du panache. Ces derniers ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur vulnérabilité aux pollutions de surface. Les analyses réalisées dans un premier temps ont porté sur une large gamme de composés chimiques susceptibles d'être présents dans les eaux de ruissellement...

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### Incendie de l'usine Lubrizol : expertise de l'Anses sur les analyses de lait

#### ANSES 14/10/19

Suite à l'incendie de l'usine Lubrizol, les productions végétales et animales telles que le lait, les œufs, le miel, ont été placées sous consigne dans un large ensemble de communes où des suies ont été observées (Seine-Maritime, Oise, Nord, Somme et Aisne). Dans le cadre de son expertise sur les risques alimentaires pouvant découler des retombées du panache de fumée, l'Anses a été sollicitée en urgence le 11 octobre pour fournir des éléments scientifiques sur les possibilités et conditions d'une levée des mesures d'interdiction visant la collecte du lait.

Au total, l'Anses a examiné les résultats des 130 prélèvements de lait (lait, lait cru, lait entier, mélange de laits de tank, principalement d'origine bovine et pour partie d'origine caprine) réalisés sur une période entre trois et onze jours après l'incendie, soit du 29 septembre au 7 octobre 2019...

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### Eviter une substitution du Bisphénol A par le Bisphénol B

#### EHP 16/10/19

Le Bisphénol B présente des propriétés endocriniennes similaires à celles du Bisphénol A. Telle est la conclusion des experts de l'Anses dont les travaux sont publiés aujourd'hui dans la revue Environmental Health Perspectives. L'article présente les résultats de
l'évaluation des propriétés de perturbation endocrinienne du bisphénol B (BPB) menée en septembre 2018 dans le cadre de la Stratégie nationale sur les perturbateurs endocriniens (SNPE 1)...

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# ECHA to support identifying new POPs

ECHA 09/10/19

The Agency will support the European Commission and Member States to develop risk profiles for methoxychlor and Dechlorane Plus®. This contributes to global work to eliminate or limit the use of the most hazardous persistent organic pollutants.

Helsinki, 9 October 2019 -In early October 2019, the Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) agreed that methoxychlor (EC 200-779-9, CAS 72-43-5) and Dechlorane Plus® (EC 236-948-9, CAS 13560-89-9) fulfil the screening criteria as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Together with the Commission, ECHA will support the committee in the preparation of risk profiles for these two substances and will launch a public consultation on the drafts in early 2020.

If the POPRC adopts the risk profiles, it will conduct risk management evaluations and then eventually recommend to list these substances as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. Listing under this convention would either result in their worldwide elimination or in the strict restriction of their production and use.

Dechlorane Plus® is mainly used as a flame retardant and has been identified as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) under REACH. Methoxychlor is a pesticide and its use in the EU has already been banned since 2002. Both substances have adverse effects to humans and the environment.

As of July 2019, ECHA supports the Commission and the Member States to identify and propose new POPs from the EU to the Stockholm Convention...

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# L'exposition aux pesticides à domicile : les recommandations de l'ANSES

Vie publique 10/10/19

L'enquête Pesti'home, mise en place à l'échelle nationale par l'ANSES en 2014, a pour objectif de déterminer les "pratiques et usages des pesticides des Français à leur domicile". 1 507 ménages de la France

métropolitaine ont été interrogés, et 5 408 produits ont été inventoriés.

L'enquête montre que :

-75% des personnes interrogées ont utilisé un pesticide au moins une fois dans l'année ;

61% des détenteurs d'animaux domestiques (près de la moitié de l'échantillon) les traitent contre les puces et les tiques ;

-40% des ménages utilisent des pesticides contre les insectes volants, 28% contre les insectes rampants, 9% contre les rongeurs et 4% contre les acariens ;

-12% utilisent des répulsifs corporels contre les insectes et 7% contre les poux humains ;

-enfin, les herbicides sont utilisés au moins deux fois par an par la moitié les détenteurs d'un espace extérieur, tout comme les fongicides. 70% des personnes qui utilisent des produits pour le jardin déclarent suivre les précautions d'emploi.

Quant aux emballages vides, ils sont soit mis à la poubelle (66%), soit apportés à la déchetterie (26%).

Une meilleure information du public sur l'utilisation et l'élimination des produits est nécessaire

Les précautions d'emploi figurant sur les emballages ou les notices de ces produits, comme le port de gants ou l'aération des pièces dans lesquelles les produits ont été utilisés, doivent être mieux connues et mises en œuvre.

L'ANSES souligne l'importance d'une meilleure information du grand public sur les conditions d'utilisation et d'élimination des médicaments vétérinaires (vendus avec ou sans prescription) ou des produits biocides.

L'Agence recommande ainsi aux pouvoirs publics et aux collectivités locales de sensibiliser régulièrement la population à l'élimination des produits pesticides et de leurs emballages usagés par des campagnes de communication, notamment pour les produits interdits à la vente depuis le 1er janvier 2019.

L'étude Pesti'home permet également de mieux évaluer les expositions et les risques potentiels pour la santé des populations et d'identifier en particulier les expositions cumulées à des substances chimiques. Cette étude a été étendue à l'outremer et les résultats seront publiés en 2020.

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# Pesticide risk assessment for aluminium ammonium sulfate (approved as aluminium ammonium sulphate) : outcome of the consultation

EFSA 04/10/19

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to provide scientific assistance with respect to the risk assessment for an active substance in light of confirmatory data requested following approval in accordance with Article 6(1) of Directive 91/414/EEC and Article 6(f) of Regulation (EC)No 1107/2009. In this context EFSA's scientific views on the specific points raised during the commenting phase conducted with Member States, the applicant and EFSA on the confirmatory data and their use in the risk assessment for aluminium ammonium sulfate are presented. The current report summarises the outcome of the consultation process organised by the rapporteur Member State Portugal and presents EFSA's scientific views and conclusions on the individual comments received.

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# Exposition au cadmium : l'Anses propose des valeurs limites pour mieux protéger les consommateurs et les travailleurs

ANSES 02/10/19

Le cadmium, substance omniprésente dans notre environnement, peut entraîner des risques pour la santé de l'Homme, exposé principalement via l'alimentation. Afin de limiter l'exposition de la population, il apparaît indispensable de maîtriser l'apport en cadmium par les activités agricoles, et en particulier lors de l'épandage de matières fertilisantes dont les engrais minéraux phosphatés.

L'Anses publie ce jour ses travaux d'expertise dont les résultats visent à renforcer la protection des consommateurs, ainsi que celle des travailleurs. A cette fin, l'Agence établit une nouvelle valeur toxicologique de référence (VTR) par ingestion et recommande d'abaisser les niveaux de cadmium dans les matières fertilisantes afin de limiter l'accumulation dans les sols, le transfert vers les végétaux et in fine l'exposition des consommateurs au cadmium par la voie alimentaire. L'Anses rappelle que certaines populations sont sureexposées au cadmium par l'alimentation et souligne donc la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des mesures de protection visant à réduire les apports en cadmium...

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# EPA Releases Aquatic Life Benchmarks for Freshwater Species and Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Registered Pesticides

EPA 30/09/19

Today, EPA released the revised Aquatic Life Benchmarks table, which includes both new and updated aquatic life benchmark values.

State, tribal and local governments use these benchmarks in their interpretation of water monitoring data. Comparing a measured concentration of a pesticide in water to an aquatic life benchmark can be helpful in interpreting monitoring data and in identifying and prioritizing sites and pesticides that may require further investigation.

New aquatic life benchmarks represent newly available toxicity endpoints for registered chemicals. EPA's goal is to add to these benchmarks on an annual basis.

EPA based these benchmarks on toxicity values found in scientific studies that the agency reviewed in support of publicly available ecological risk assessments and regulatory decisions. The table directly links the source documents for each of the benchmarks.

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# Cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using MCRA software

EFSA 18/09/19

In the context of the second framework partnership agreement between the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment of the Netherlands (RIVM) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) chronic cumulative exposure assessments were performed for two cumulative assessment groups (CAGs) of pesticides that affect the thyroid: pesticides associated with hypertrophy, hyperplasia and neoplasia of C-cells (TCP, 18 active substances) and pesticide associated with hypothyroidism (TCF, 124 active substances). The exposure assessments used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Exposure estimates were obtained for each group of pesticides by means of a 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, which was
implemented in the Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software. The scope of the assessment and the parameters to be used for cumulative exposure assessment were discussed and agreed by the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed (SC PAFF). Based on those discussions, a very conservative tier I modelling approach and a refined, but still conservative tier II modelling approach were used. In these assessments, common risk assessment practice was followed and the cumulative exposure was calculated as the total margin of exposure (MOET) at the 50th, 90th, 95th, 99th and 99.9th percentiles of the exposure distribution. Four sensitivity analyses were performed to better understand the uncertainties such as the replacements of non-detects in the monitoring data and the availability of processing factors. The exposure estimates obtained in this report are used in EFSA's scientific report on the cumulative dietary risk characterisation of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid.

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## Outcome of the public consultation on the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the thyroid

EFSA 18/09/19

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) carried out a public consultation to receive inputs from interested parties on the draft scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides regarding their combined effects on the thyroid. The document proposes cumulative assessment groups of pesticides to be used to perform cumulative risk assessments for two specific effects that pesticide residues may have on the thyroid. The written public consultation was open in February-March 2019. The present report reproduces the comments received and explains how they have been considered by EFSA for finalisation of the scientific report. The valuable and detailed comments from the stakeholders were taken into account by ESFA to prepare an updated version of the scientific report. The scientific report was approved by EFSA on 26 June 2019 and is published in the EFSA Journal.

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## NF ISO 15799 - X31-603 - Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices relatives à la caractérisation

### écotoxicologique des sols et des matériaux du sol

AFNOR 10/09/19

Le présent document fait partie d'une famille de Normes internationales fournissant des lignes directrices sur les sols et les matériaux du sol en relation avec certaines fonctions et utilisations, y compris la préservation de la biodiversité. Il s'applique conjointement avec ces autres normes. Il fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la sélection des méthodes expérimentales permettant l'évaluation du potentiel écotoxique des sols et des matériaux du sol (par exemple terres excavées ayant fait l'objet d'une remédiation, remblais, talus) par rapport à leur utilisation prévue et aux effets éventuellement défavorables pour les organismes vivant dans l'eau et le sol. NOTE Il est le reflet du maintien des fonctions d'habitat et de rétention du sol. En fait, les méthodes énumérées dans le présent document sont adaptées à une utilisation dans l'approche TRIADE, c'est-à-dire pour une évaluation écologique des sols potentiellement contaminés (voir l'ISO 19204). Le présent document ne traite pas des essais relatifs à la bioaccumulation. L'évaluation écologique des sols non pollués en vue d'une utilisation naturelle, agricole ou horticole ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent document. De tels sols peuvent être intéressants s'ils peuvent servir de référence pour l'évaluation de sols provenant de sites pollués. L'interprétation des résultats obtenus selon les méthodes proposées ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent document.

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## NF ISO 20130 - X31-299 - Qualité du sol - Mesure de l'activité enzymatique dans des échantillons de sol en utilisant des substrats colorimétriques

AFNOR 10/09/19

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de mesure simultanée (ou non) de plusieurs activités des hydrolases (arylamidase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase, a-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acétylglucosaminidase, phosphatases acides, alcalines et globales, uréase) dans des échantillons de sol en utilisant des substrats colorimétriques. Les activités enzymatiques du sol varient en fonction des saisons et dépendent des caractéristiques chimiques, physiques et biologiques du sol. Cette méthode peut être appliquée soit pour la détection des effets nocifs de substances toxiques ou d'autres agents anthropiques dans un sol contaminé par comparaison avec un sol de
référence, soit pour la réalisation d'essais sur des produits chimiques.

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# NF ISO 21285 - X31-330 - Qualité du sol - Inhibition de la reproduction de l'acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis aculeifer) par des contaminants du sol

AFNOR 10/09/19

Le présent document décrit une méthode d'essai chronique pour évaluer la fonction d'habitat des sols et déterminer les effets des contaminants du sol et des substances sur la reproduction de l'espèce Hypoaspis aculeifer par - principalement - absorption par voie alimentaire. Cette méthode est applicable aux sols et matériaux du sol de qualité inconnue, par exemple, provenant de sites contaminés, de sols amendés, de sols ayant fait l'objet d'une remédiation, de sites industriels, agricoles et autres, et aux déchets (par exemple, matériau de dragage, boue résiduaire des stations d'épuration des eaux usées, engrais ou fumier, notamment ceux pour épandage éventuel). La reproduction (= nombre de juvéniles) est le paramètre mesuré au cours de l'essai. L'essai reflète la biodisponibilité d'un mélange de contaminants dans les sols naturels (sols de sites contaminés) vis-à-vis d'une espèce qui représente un niveau trophique qui n'est pas couvert par les autres normes ISO. Il n'est pas prévu d'utiliser cet essai pour remplacer les essais de reproduction vis-à-vis des vers de terre (voir ISO 11268-2) ou des collemboles (voir ISO 11267) car cette espèce appartient non seulement à un autre groupe trophique, mais également à un autre groupe taxonomique (= acariens; c'est-à-dire, arachnides) que les autres espèces utilisées habituellement. Les effets des substances sont évalués en utilisant un sol standard, de préférence un substrat défini de sol artificiel. Pour les sols contaminés, les effets sont déterminés dans le sol à analyser et dans un sol témoin. Selon l'objectif de l'étude, le substrat témoin et le substrat de dilution (séries de dilutions du sol contaminé) sont soit un sol non contaminé comparable au sol à analyser (sol de référence), soit un sol standard (par exemple, sol artificiel). Le présent document fournit des informations sur la façon d'utiliser cette méthode pour analyser des échantillons (sols ou substances) dans des conditions tempérées. Il n'est pas applicable aux substances pour lesquelles le coefficient de partage air/sol est supérieur à 1, ou aux substances dont la tension de vapeur dépasse 300 Pa à 25 °C. NOTE La stabilité de la substance d'essai ne peut pas être assurée tout au long de la période d'essai. La méthode d'essai ne prévoit pas de contrôler la persistance de la substance soumise à essai.

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# NF ISO 21286 (X31-329) 2019. Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices générales pour l'utilisation du barcoding moléculaire dans les essais d'écotoxicologie

Le présent document spécifie un protocole d'identification de spécimens d'essais écotoxicologiques (principalement des invertébrés et des végétaux) au niveau de l'espèce, reposant sur la technique du code-barres ADN. Ce protocole peut être utilisé par les laboratoires effectuant le code-barres ADN afin de normaliser le plus possible les travaux de laboratoire et les flux d'analyse de données, et de les mettre en conformité avec les normes et les lignes directrices communautaires. Le présent document ne prévoit pas de spécifier une souche particulière pour chaque méthode d'essai, mais de documenter avec exactitude l'espèce/la souche qui a été utilisée...

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## PUBLICATIONS DU RESEAU ECOTOX

### Action-orientated research and framework: insights from the French long-term social-ecological research network

**Authors:** Bretagnolle, V; Benoit, M; Bonnefond, M; Breton, V; Church, JM; Gaba, S; Gilbert, D; Gillet, F; Glatron, S; Guerbois, C; Lamouroux, N; Lebouvier, M; Maze, C; Mouchel, JM; Ouin, A; Pays, O; Piscart, C; Ragueneau, O; Servain, S; Spiegelberger, T; Fritz, H

**Source:** ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY 24(3), 2019, DOI: 10.5751/ES-10989-240310

**Abstract:** Many social-ecological system(SES)-based approaches have been proposed to address environmental problems. Most social-ecological frameworks developed to date, however, lack clear operational linkages between humans and nature to efficiently guide SESs toward resilience. A conceptual framework designed to be operational is therefore necessary, as well as a network of research platforms with which to apply it. We defined explicit coupling processes that can be used as leverages to pilot an SES toward sustainability. We proposed to formalize an SES as a dynamic entity composed of two coupling interfaces, i.e., adaptive management and ecosystem services, both set within a landscape context to provide an actionable framework. These interfaces describe the way various actors, including scholars, benefit from and manage complex and changing
interactions between the biophysical and social templates. Understanding the key processes underlying the interaction dynamics, especially those leveraging adaptive management processes, would help identify adaptive pathways for practices and collective actions, provide a crucial knowledge base for policy makers, and foster operationality as a requisite of an SES research agenda. Using several examples, we explained why long-term social-ecological research platforms provide an ideal operational network of research infrastructures to conduct place-based action-orientated research targeting the sustainability of SESs.

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## A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production

**Authors:** Dainese, M; Martin, EA; Aizen, MA; Albrecht, M; Bartomeus, I; Bommarco, R; Carvalheiro, LG; Chaplin-Kramer, R; Gagic, V; Garibaldi, LA; Ghazoul, J; Grab, H; Jonsson, M; Karp, DS; Kennedy, CM; Kleijn, D; Kremen, C; Landis, DA; Letourneau, DK; Marini, L; Poveda, K; Rader, R; Smith, HG; Tscharntke, T; Andersson, GKS; Badenhausser, I; Baensch, S; Bezerra, ADM; Bianchi, FJJA; Boreux, V; Bretagnolle, V; Caballero-Lopez, B; Cavigliasso, P; Cetkovic, A; Chacoff, NP; Classen, A; Cusser, S; Silva, FDDE; de Groot, GA; Dudenhoffer, JH; Ekroos, J; Fijen, T; Franck, P; Freitas, BM; Garratt, MPD; Gratton, C; Hipolito, J; Holzschuh, A; Hunt, L; Iverson, AL; Jha, S; Keasar, T; Kim, TN; Kishinevsky, M; Klatt, BK; Klein, AM; Krewenka, KM; Krishnan, S; Larsen, AE; Lavigne, C; Liere, H; Maas, B; Mallinger, RE; Pachon, EM; Martinez-Salinas, A; Meehan, TD; Mitchell, MGE; Molina, GAR; Nesper, M; Nilsson, L; O'Rourke, ME; Peters, MK; Plecas, M; Potts, SG; Ramos, DD; Rosenheim, JA; Rundlof, M; Rusch, A; Saez, A; Scheper, J; Schleuning, M; Schmack, JM; Sciligo, AR; Seymour, C; Stanley, DA; Stewart, R; Stout, JC; Sutter, L; Takada, MB; Taki, H; Tamburini, G; Tschumi, M; Viana, BF; Westphal, C; Willcox, BK; Wratten, SD; Yoshioka, A; Zaragoza-Trello, C; Zhang, W; Zou, Y; Steffan-Dewenter, I

**Source:** SCIENCE ADVANCES 5(10), 2019, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0121

**Abstract:** Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported

ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.

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## Toward the protection of bees and pollination under global change : present and future perspectives in a challenging applied science

**Authors:** Decourtye, A; Alaux, C; Le Conte, Y; Henry, M

**Source:** CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 35:123-131, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.07.008

**Abstract:** Over the past 30 years (1987-2016), bibliometric data have shown a drastic change in the scientific investigation of threats to bee populations. Bee research efforts committed to studying bioagressors of honeybees (mainly Varroa sp.) were predominant, but now appear to be shifting from bioagressors to global change in the published literature. This rise of global change science reveals prevailing topics, for current and future years: climate change, landscape alteration, agricultural intensification and invasive species. We argue that with increased investment in applied research and development, the scientific, beekeeping and agricultural communities will be able to find management strategies for productive agrosystems and enhanced resilience of pollination and beekeeping. This implies the need for restoring and improving food resources and shelters of bees by ecological intensification of diversified farming systems, and also reconciling sustainable beekeeping with wild pollinator conservation.

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## Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability

**Authors:** Catarino, R; Bretagnolle, V; Perrot, T; Vialloux, F; Gaba, S

**Source:** PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 286, 1912, 2019, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1550
**Abstract:** Nature-based agriculture that reduces dependency on chemical inputs requires using ecological principles for sustainable agro-ecosystems, aiming to balance ecology, economics and social justice. There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established to reconcile food production with biodiversity conservation. We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15-40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides did not increase yields while their costs reduced gross margins.

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## Monitoring and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Effluents from a Surface Treatment Industry

Authors: Euvrard, E; Druart, C; Morin-Crini, N; Crini, G

Source: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
39(5):452-461, 2019, DOI:
10.1080/10406638.2017.1342666

**Abstract:** In Europe, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a source of concern due to their toxic effects and are considered as priority pollutants by water authorities. In this study, we reported the results of qualitative and quantitative monitoring of 16 PAHs in effluents from a surface treatment industry to determine their origin. The results indicated that PAHs were present in the discharge waters at a concentration of 500 ng L-1 (in average for the PAH sum). However, the further we returned to the start of the industrial process, the more the PAH concentrations increased. Indeed, the highest concentrations (>20,000 ng L-1 for the PAH sum) were found in the degreasing baths ? the first step in the part treatment. The final analyses showed that the PAHs came from the oils left on the metal parts by the suppliers. The important difference in concentrations between the upstream (first baths in the production line) and the downstream (discharge water) of the effluent showed that phenomena including dilution or potentially degradation occurred but that the major part of the PAHs tended to adsorb to sludge during the settling step in the effluent treatment plant.

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## A dual mixture of persistent organic pollutants modifies carbohydrate metabolism in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG

Authors: Leblanc, AF; Attignon, EA; Distel, E; Karakitsios, SP; Sarigiannis, DA; Bortoli, S; Barouki, R; Coumoul, X; Aggerbeck, M; Blanc, EB

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 178, 2019, DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2019.108628

**Abstract:** Individuals as well as entire ecosystems are exposed to mixtures of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Previously, we showed, by a non-targeted approach, that the expression of several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism was almost completely inhibited in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG following exposure to a mixture of the organochlorine insecticide alpha-endosulfan and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In this European HEALS project, which studies the effects of the exposome on human health, we used a Physiologically Based BioKinetic model to compare the concentrations previously used in vitro with in vivo exposures for humans. We investigated the effects of these POPs on the levels of proteins, on glycogen content, glucose production and the oxidation of glucose into CO2 and correlated them to the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism as measured by RT-qPCR. Exposure to individual POPs and the mixture decreased the expression of the proteins investigated as well as glucose output (up to 82%), glucose oxidation (up to 29%) and glycogen content (up to 48%). siRNAs that specifically inhibit the expression of several xenobiotic receptors were used to assess receptor involvement in the effects of the POPs. In the HepaRG model, we demonstrate that the effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the estrogen receptor alpha, but not the pregnane X receptor or the constitutive androstane receptor. These results provide evidence that exposure to combinations of POPs, acting through different signaling pathways, may affect, more profoundly than single pollutants alone, metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate/energy metabolism and play a potential role in pollutant associated metabolic disorders.

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## Application of the European Water Framework Directive: Identification of reference sites and bioindicator fish species for
## mercury in tropical freshwater ecosystems (French Guiana)

**Authors:** Gentes, S; Coquery, M; Vigouroux, R; Hanquiez, V; Allard, L; Maury-Brachet, R

**Source:** ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 106, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105468

**Abstract:** Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal subject to several international regulations. The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) established in 2008 an Environmental Quality Standard for biota (EQS(biota)) at 0.02 mg.g(-1) fresh weight. This standard is not always adapted, such as in French Guiana subjected to high natural background Hg levels and intensive illegal gold mining. Therefore, this study focuses on how to apply the WFD for the definition of good chemical status (i.e., EQS(biota)) in a context of strong and generalized natural and anthropic Hg contamination. Based on Hg concentrations measured in 6208 fish over &#62; 200 sites between 2004 and 2015, we first aimed at discriminating the natural or anthropogenic influences at each site. Then, as WFD recommends considering only high trophic level fish species as bioindicator species, we selected carnivorous/piscivorous fish species able to significantly accumulate Hg and discriminate reference sites from gold mining polluted sites. Total Hg concentrations measured in fish muscle were mostly above the EQS(biota) (100% for creeks and 84% for rivers), confirming the unsuitability of the direct application of this standard in French Guiana. Among the studied sites, few potential reference sites were identified : eight sites spread over six different watersheds for creeks, and only two areas (group of sites) both on the Oyapock watershed for rivers. Several relevant bioindicators fish species are proposed : ten species (over 35 species tested) belonging to seven genera on creeks (Moenkhausia oligolepis, Gymnotus carapo, Sternopygus macrurus, Jupiaba [abramoides + keithi], Pimelodella [cristata + geryi + macturki], Copella carsevennensis, Pyrrhulina filamentosa.), and four species (over 21 species tested) belonging to three genera on rivers (Acestrorhyncus [micropelis + falcatus], Hoplias aimara, Ageneiosus inermis). In order to facilitate field sampling, difficult in such remote hydrosystems, and to improve results interpretation, we tested the possibility to group some of these species. Our results indicate that only Jupiaba, Moenkhausia, Pimelodella and Pyrrhulina on creeks could be grouped; and the three bioindicators species proposed on rivers could be pooled. Finally, this work proposes in situ-based reference Hg concentrations for selected bioindicator fish species from French Guiana as an alternative to detect Hg-impacted sites and help the application of the WFD in tropical systems.

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## The enzyme-modified comet assay: Enzyme incubation step in 2 vs 12-gels/slide systems

**Authors:** Muruzabal, D; Langie, SAS; Pourrut, B; Azqueta, A

**Source:** MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 845, Sep 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.005

**Abstract:** The enzyme-modified comet assay is a commonly used method to detect specific DNA lesions. However, still a lot of errors are made by many users, leading to dubious results and even misinterpretations. This technical note describes some critical points in the use of the enzyme-modified comet assay, such as the enzyme concentration, the time of incubation, the format used and the equipment. To illustrate the importance of these conditions/ parameters, titration experiments of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) were performed using the 2 gels/slide and the 12 minigels/slide formats (plus the 12-Gel Comet Assay Unit (TM)). Incubation times of 15 and 30 min, and 1 h were used. Results showed that the 12 minigels/slide system requires a lower volume and concentration of Fpg. A longer time of incubation has a bigger impact when using such format. Moreover, the paper describes how to perform and interpret a titration experiment when using the enzyme modified comet assay.

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## De novo transcriptomes of 14 gammarid individuals for proteogenomic analysis of seven taxonomic groups

**Authors:** Cogne, Y; Degli-Esposti, D; Pible, O; Gouveia, D; Francois, A; Bouchez, O; Eche, C; Ford, A; Geffard, O; Armengaud, J; Chaumot, A; Almunia, C

**Source:** SCIENTIFIC DATA 6, Sep 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0192-5

**Abstract:** Gammarids are amphipods found worldwide distributed in fresh and marine waters. They play an important role in aquatic ecosystems and are well established sentinel species in ecotoxicology. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of a male individual and a female individual for seven different taxonomic groups belonging to the two genera Gammarus and Echinogammarus: Gammarus fossarum A, G. fossarum B, G. fossarum C, Gammarus wautieri, Gammarus pulex, Echinogammarus berilloni, and Echinogammarus marinus. These taxa were chosen to explore the molecular diversity of transcribed genes of genotyped individuals from these groups. Transcriptomes were de novo assembled and
annotated. High-quality assembly was confirmed by BUSCO comparison against the Arthropod dataset. The 14 RNA-Seq-derived protein sequence databases proposed here will be a significant resource for proteogenomics studies of these ecotoxicologically relevant non-model organisms. These transcriptomes represent reliable reference sequences for whole-transcriptome and proteome studies on other gammarids, for primer design to clone specific genes or monitor their specific expression, and for analyses of molecular differences between gammarid species.

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## Biomarkers as tools for monitoring within the Water Framework Directive context: concept, opinions and advancement of expertise

**Authors:** Milinkovitch, T; Geffard, O; Geffard, A; Mouneyrac, C; Chaumot, A; Xuereb, B; Fisson, C; Minier, C; Auffret, M; Perceval, O; Egea, E; Sanchez, W

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access, Oct 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06434-x

**Abstract:** The Water Framework Directive (WFD) currently supports chemical and ecological monitoring programmes in order to achieve the good water surface status. Although chemical and ecological assessments are necessary, they have some limitations. Chemical approaches focus on certain substances identified as priorities, but they do not take into account other potentially harmful substances and also ignore the hazards related to contaminant cocktails. On the other hand, while ecological approaches provide holistic information on the impairment of biological communities in ecosystems, they do not distinguish the role of contaminants in these alterations, and consequently do not allow the establishment of contaminant impact reduction plans. Consequently, ecotoxicologists suggest the use of effect-based tools such as biomarkers. Biomarkers highlight the effect of potentially harmful substances (or a cocktail), and their specificity towards the chemicals makes it possible to properly discriminate the role of toxicants within biological community impairments. Thus, the integration of such tools (besides existing chemical and ecological tools) in the WFD could considerably improve its biomonitoring strategy. The B n' B project (Biomarkers and Biodiversity) exposes key objectives that will allow to (i) establish an inventory of the biomarkers developed by French laboratories; (ii) determine their methodological advancement and limits and, on this basis, formulate recommendations for biomonitoring use and future research needs; (iii) discuss the

biomarkers' ecological significance, specificity to contaminants and interpretation capacity; (iv) establish, in fine, a selection of valuable biomarkers to enter the WFD; and (iv) propose integrative tools to facilitate the decision-taking by stakeholders.

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## A sub-individual multilevel approach for an integrative assessment of CuO nanoparticle effects on Corbicula fluminea

**Authors:** Koehle-Divo, V; Sohm, B; Giamberini, L; Pauly, D; Flayac, J; Devin, S; Auffan, M; Mouneyrac, C; Pain-Devin, S

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 254, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112976

**Abstract:** Because they are widely used, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are likely to enter the aquatic environment and then reach the sediment. We have examined the effect of CuO NPs in the freshwater endobenthic bivalve *Corbicula fluminea*. Some previous studies have investigated effects at biochemical and physiological levels, but molecular endpoints are still poorly studied despite they are sensitive in early detection of NPs effect. In the present study, we have investigated short-term effects (96 h) of CuO NP (12, 30 nm; 0, 20 and 100 mu g/L) using molecular endpoints as well as more conventional biochemical and physiological markers. The expression of antioxidant (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Cat, Se-GPx, Trxr) and antitoxic (GST-Pi, HSP70, MT, Pgp, MRPI) related genes was measured at the mRNA level while antioxidant (SOD, TAC) and antitoxic (GST, ACP) defenses, energetic reserves and metabolism (ETS, Tri, LDH), and cellular damages (LPO) were assessed using a biochemical approach. The filtration rate measured at 96 h provided information at the physiological scale. Gene expression and filtration rate were responsive to CuO NPs but the effects differed according to the NP size. The results suggest that defense mechanisms may have been set up following 30 nm-NP exposure. The response to 12 nm-NP was lower but still showed that exposure to 12 nm-NP led to activation of cellular elimination mechanisms. The lowering of the filtration rate may have protected the organisms from the contamination. However, this raised the question of further repercussions on organism biology. Together, the results (i) indicate that CuO NP may exert effects at different levels even after a short-term exposure and (ii) point out the precocity of molecular response. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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## Cadmium allocation to grains in durum wheat exposed to low Cd concentrations in hydroponics

**Authors:** Yan, BF; Nguyen, C; Pokrovsky, OS; Candaudap, F; Coriou, C; Bussiere, S; Robert, T; Cornu, JY

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 184, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109592

**Abstract:** This study aims to characterize the response of durum wheat to different concentrations of Cd found in agricultural soils. One French durum wheat cultivar (i.e. Sculptur) was exposed to low concentrations of Cd (5 nM or 100 nM) in hydroponics. After anthesis, the plants were fed with a solution enriched with the stable isotope Cd-111 to trace the newly absorbed Cd. Plants were sampled at anthesis and grain maturity to assess how plant growth, Cd uptake and partitioning among organs, as well as Cd remobilization, differed between the two Cd exposure levels. Durum wheat did not show any visual symptoms of Cd toxicity, regardless of which Cd treatment was applied. However, post-anthesis durum wheat growth was 14% penalized at 100 nM due to the large transpiration-based accumulation of Cd in leaves at this stage. The allocation of Cd to the grains was not restricted but enhanced at 100 nM compared to 5 nM. Both the root-to-shoot Cd translocation and the fraction of aboveground Cd allocated to grains were higher in plants exposed to 100 nM. Cadmium was remobilized exclusively from roots and stems, and remobilized Cd contributed on average to 40-45% of the Cd accumulated in mature grains, regardless of which Cd treatment was applied. The relevance of these results to decreasing the concentration of Cd in durum wheat grains is discussed.

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## Investigating the Impact of Manufacturing Processes on the Ecotoxicity of Carbon Nanofibers: A Multi-Aquatic Species Comparison

**Authors:** Barrick, A; Chatel, A; Manier, N; Kalman, J; Navas, JM; Mouneyrac, C

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY FOR INDUSTRIAL USE 38(10):2314-2325, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/etc.4537

**Abstract:** Manufactured nanomaterial production is outpacing the ability to investigate environmental hazard using current regulatory paradigms, causing a backlog of materials requiring testing. To ameliorate this issue, regulatory bodies have proposed integrating safety into the production of novel nanomaterials,

allowing for hazards to be identified early in development rather than aftermarket release. In addition, there is a growing interest in short-term ecotoxicity testing to rapidly identify environmental hazards. In this sense, the present study investigated 3 carbon nanofibers (CNFs), created with different production methods, using short-term in vitro and in vivo exposures on fish cell lines, mussel hemocytes, crustacea, and algae. The present study investigated if differences in ecotoxicity hazard between the CNFs could be identified and, if so, which product could be considered less hazardous. A major challenge in assessing the potential hazards posed by manufactured nanomaterials is standardizing the preparation for testing. Standardized operating protocols have been proposed using protein to facilitate the preparation of stable stock suspension, which is not environmentally representative. As such, the study also assessed the potential impacts these standardized protocols (with or without the use of protein) could have on the interpretation of environmental hazard. The results demonstrated that there were clear differences between the 3 CNFs and that the dispersion protocol influenced the interpretation of hazard, demonstrating a need for caution when interpreting ecotoxicity in a regulatory context

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## Assessing extracellular enzymatic activities of biofilms on natural and standardized organic substrata immersed in a stream

**Authors:** Joly, M; Mallet, C; Artigas, J

**Source:** AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 83(2):161-166, 2019, DOI: 10.3354/ame01914

**Abstract:** Extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) of microbial biofilms are a key component of organic matter transformation in streams, but their measurement, in particular on leaves, is often associated with high variability. We investigated the potential of standardized substrata (cotton strips and wooden [poplar] sticks) to reduce measurement heterogeneity of 3 microbial EEAs ((beta-D-glucosidase [GLU]), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase [NAG] and phosphatase (PHOI) in comparison with leaves. Substrata were placed in a temperate forest stream for 8 wk. Global enzymatic activities were within the same order of magnitude among substrata. Variability among replicates was dependent on the time phase of the experiment: in the short term (≤ 2 wk), leaves, wood and cotton exhibited the lowest variation among replicates for PHO, GLU and NAG activity measurements, respectively, but over a longer period (> 2 wk), cotton was the most suitable substrata to precisely evaluate the 3 activities. Cotton is thus of great interest for monitoring extracellular enzymatic activities in lotic environments.
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## Multiresidue methods for the determination of organic micropollutants and their metabolites in fish matrices

**Authors:** Molbert, N; Alliot, F; Santos, R; Chevreuil, M; Mouchel, JM; Goutte, A

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 38(9):1866-1878, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/etc.4500

**Abstract:** Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by-products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty-six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms.

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## Combining genetic crosses and pool targeted DNA-seq for untangling genomic variations associated with resistance to multiple insecticides in the mosquito *Aedes aegypti*

**Authors:** Cattel, J; Faucon, F; Le Peron, B; Sherpa, S; Monchal, M; Grillet, L; Gaude, T; Laporte, F; Dusfour, I; Reynaud, S; David, JP

**Source:** EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS, SEP 2019, DOI: 10.1111/eva.12867

**Abstract:** In addition to combating vector-borne diseases, studying the adaptation of mosquitoes to insecticides provides a remarkable example of evolution-in-action driving the selection of complex phenotypes. Actually, most resistant mosquito populations show multi-resistance phenotypes as a consequence of the variety of insecticides employed and of the complexity of selected resistance mechanisms. Such complexity makes the identification of alleles conferring resistance to specific insecticides challenging and prevents the development of molecular assays to track them in the field. Here we showed that combining simple genetic crosses with pool targeted DNA-seq can enhance the specificity of resistance allele's detection while maintaining experimental work and sequencing effort at reasonable levels. A multi-resistant population of the mosquito *Aedes aegypti* was exposed to three distinct insecticides (deltamethrin, bendiocarb and fenitrothion), and survivors to each insecticide were crossed with a susceptible strain to generate three distinct lines. F2 individuals from each line were then segregated based on their survival to two insecticide doses. Hundreds of genes covering all detoxifying enzymes and insecticide targets together with more than 7,000 intergenic regions equally spread over mosquito genome were sequenced from pools of F0 and F2 individuals unexposed or surviving insecticide. Differential coverage analysis identified 39 detoxification enzymes showing an increased gene copy number in association with resistance. Combining an allele frequency filtering approach with a Bayesian F-ST-based genome scan identified multiple genomic regions showing strong selection signatures together with 50 nonsynonymous variations associated with resistance. This study provides a simple and cost-effective approach to improve the specificity of resistance allele's detection in multi-resistant populations while reducing false positives frequently arising when comparing populations showing divergent genetic backgrounds. The identification of novel DNA resistance markers opens new opportunities for improving the tracking of insecticide resistance in the field.

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## Impacts of artisanal gold mining on soil, water and plant contamination by trace elements at Komabangou, Western Niger

**Authors:** Dan-Badjo, AT; Ibrahim, OZ; Guero, Y; Morel, JL; Feidt, C; Echevarria, G

**Source:** JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION 205, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.06.010

**Abstract:** Gold mining generates trace elements in the environment that are often associated with adverse effects on human health. This study determines trace elements levels in water, soil and plants (Datura inoxia and Calotropis procera) in Komabangou area, the main artisanal gold mining site in Niger. The collected samples were pre-treated before trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for soils samples and by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for waters and plants samples. For soils, concentrations reached up to 555 mg kg(-1) and 468 mg kg(-1) for As and Zn, respectively. In waters, highest levels were observed for Zn (540 mg L-1), followed in decreasing order by Cu (7.4 mg L-1) and Al (4.27 mg L-1). As and Zn concentrations were 134 mg kg(-1) and 388 mg kg(-1); 49 mg kg(-1) and 46 mg kg(-1) respectively in leaves of Datura inoxia and Calotropis procera from gold site, whereas As and Zn, represented only 0.56 mg kg(-1) and 0.48 mg kg(-1); 6.40 mg kg(-1) and 46 mg kg(-1) respectively in leaves of control species. In fact, results obtained revealed both contaminations by trace elements of soil and water for the majority of samples taken in gold zone with an exceeding of limit values recommended by WHO in particular for As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Therefore, the establishment of a monitoring and treatment program for polluted soils and waters in this gold zone would be necessary to preserve human health.

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## Effects of bisphenol A on post-embryonic development of the cotton pest Spodoptera littoralis

**Authors:** Maria, A; Malbert-Colas, A; Boulogne, I; Braman, V; Boitard, C; Dacher, M; Chertemps, T; Maibeche, M; Blais, C; Siaussat, D

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 235:616-625, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.073

**Abstract:** Endocrine-disrupting chemicals encompass a variety of chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system and produce negative effects on organisms. Among them, bisphenol A is considered a major pollutant in numerous countries. The harmful effects of BPA on environmental and human health are

intensely studied. However, the effects of BPA on terrestrial insects are still poorly investigated, despite that several plants can accumulate BPA in their tissues, leading to potential contamination of herbivorous insects. Here, we used the leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a polyphagous species, to study BPA effects on post-embryonic development. We studied the effects of BPA ingestion at environmental doses (e.g., 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mu g/g of BPA) and high doses (e.g., 25 mu g/g) on larval weight and stage duration, pupal length and sex ratio. BPA effects were investigated in more detail during the last larval instar, a crucial period for preparing pupation and metamorphosis, which are under endocrine control. We monitored the haemolymph concentration of ecdysteroids, hormones controlling moult and metamorphosis, as well as the expression levels of several nuclear receptors involved in the ecdysteroid signalling pathway. Our integrative study showed that, upon exposure doses, BPA can induce various effects on the viability, developmental time, growth and sex ratio. These effects were correlated with a delay of the ecdysteroid peak during the last larval instar and a modification of expression of EcR, USP, E75AB, E75D and Br-c. We provide new evidence about the events that occur after BPA exposure in insect contaminated by food ingestion.

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## Influence of water depth and season on the photodegradation of micropollutants in a free-water surface constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater

**Authors:** Mathon, B; Coquery, M; Miege, C; Vandycke, A; Choubert, JM

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 235:260-270, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.140

**Abstract:** Micropollutants such as pharmaceutical products and pesticides are still present in treated wastewater. Several of these compounds are photoactive, either by direct or indirect photodegradation. An innovative on-site experimental protocol was designed to investigate the contribution of photodegradation processes to eliminate micropollutants in constructed wetland (CW). The solar photodegradation of 23 organic micropollutants was studied using in situ photoreactors at different depths. A CW-photodegradation model was designed and calibrated to further scrutinize the contribution of direct and indirect photodegradation processes in the elimination of micropollutants. The results show that photodegradation is most effective in the first 10 cm of the water column. A classification of micropollutants in 3 groups was developed to characterize their photodegradation. A significant
increase of the half-life by direct photodegradation was observed in winter compared to summer due to a lower light intensity in winter. On the opposite, for direct + indirect photodegradation, no significant difference was observed between seasons. The decrease in light intensity in winter was compensated by higher nitrates concentration which promoted the formation of hydroxyl radicals and increased indirect photodegradation. The CW-photodegradation model successfully simulated the measured concentrations for direct and indirect photodegradation for 23 micropollutants. Nonetheless, it overestimated the indirect photo degradation with hydroxyl radicals when using default parameter values derived for surface waters. Hence, the consumption of hydroxyl radicals was increased by a factor of 20 for treated water. This model highlighted the predominance of direct photodegradation in the elimination of all micropollutants, except sotalol for the winter campaign.

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## Natural Chlordecone Degradation Revealed by Numerous Transformation Products Characterized in Key French West Indies Environmental Compartments

**Authors:** Chevallier M.L., Della-Negra O., Chaussonnerie S., Barbance A., Muselet D., Lagarde F., Darii E., Ugarte E., Lescop E., Fonknechten N., Weissenbach J., Woignier T., Gallard J.F., Vuilleumier S., Imfeld G., Le Paslier D., Saaidi P.-L.

**Source:** Environ. Sci. Technol. 53:6133-6143, 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06305

**Abstract:** Production and use of the insecticide chlordecone has caused long-term environmental pollution in the James River area and the French West Indies (FWI) that has resulted in acute human-health problems and a social crisis. High levels of chlordecone in FWI soils, even after its ban decades ago, and the absence of detection of transformation products (TPs), have suggested that chlordecone is virtually nonbiodegradable in the environment. Here, we investigated laboratory biodegradation, consisting of bacterial liquid cultures and microcosms inoculated with FWI soils, using a dual nontargeted GC-MS and LC-HRMS approach. In addition to previously reported, partly characterized hydrochlordecones and polychloroindenes (families A and B), we discovered 14 new chlordecone TPs, assigned to four families (B, C, D, and E). Organic synthesis and NMR analyses allowed us to achieve the complete structural elucidation of 19 TPs. Members of TP families A, B, C, and E were detected in soil, sediment, and water samples from

Martinique and include 17 TPs not initially found in commercial chlordecone formulations. 2,4,5,6,7-Pentachloroindene was the most prominent TP, with levels similar to those of chlordecone. Overall, our results clearly show that chlordecone pollution extends beyond the parent chlordecone molecule and includes a considerable number of previously undetected TPs. Structural diversity of the identified TPs illustrates the complexity of chlordecone degradation in the environment and raises the possibility of extensive worldwide pollution of soil and aquatic ecosystems by chlordecone TPs.

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## Comparative proteomics in the wild: Accounting for intrapopulation variability improves describing proteome response in a *Gammarus pulex* field population exposed to cadmium

**Authors:** Cogne, Y; Almunia, C; Gouveia, D; Pible, O; Francois, A; Degli-Esposti, D; Geffard, O; Armengaud, J; Chaumot, A

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 214, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105244

**Abstract:** High-throughput proteomics can be performed on animal sentinels for discovering key molecular biomarkers signing the physiological response and adaptation of organisms. Ecotoxicoproteomics is today amenable by means of proteogenomics to small arthropods such as Gammarids which are well known sentinels of aquatic environments. Here, we analysed two regional Gammarus pulex populations to characterize the potential proteome divergence induced in one site by natural bioavailable mono-metallic contamination (cadmium) compared to a non-contaminated site. Two RNAseq-derived protein sequence databases were established previously on male and female individuals sampled from the reference site. Here, individual proteomes were acquired on 10 male and 10 female paired organisms sampled from each site. Proteins involved in protein lipidation, carbohydrate metabolism, proteolysis, innate immunity, oxidative stress response and lipid transport were found more abundant in animals exposed to cadmium, while hemocyanins were found in lower abundance. The intrapopulation proteome variability of long-term exposed G. pulex was inflated relatively to the non-contaminated population. These results show that, while remaining a challenge for such organisms with not yet sequenced genomes, taking into account intrapopulation variability is important to better
define the molecular players induced by toxic stress in
a comparative field proteomics approach.

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Towards early-warning gene signature of *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii* exposed to Hg-containing complex media

**Authors:** Beauvais-Fluck, R; Slaveykova, VI; Ulf, S; Cosio, C

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 214, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105259

**Abstract:** The potential of using gene expression signature as a biomarker of toxicants exposure was explored in the microalga *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii* exposed 2 h to mercury (Hg) as inorganic mercury (IHg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in presence of copper (Cu) and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA). Total cellular Hg (THg = IHg + MeHg) decreased in presence of SRHA for 0.7 nM IHg and 0.4 nM MeHg, but increased for 70 nM IHg exposure. In mixtures of IHg + MeHg and (IHg or MeHg) + Cu, SRHA decreased THg uptake, except for 0.7 nM IHg + 0.4 nM MeHg which was unchanged (p-value > 0.05). In the absence of SRHA, 0.5 mu M Cu strongly decreased intracellular THg concentration for 70 nM IHg, while it had no effect for 0.7 nM IHg and 0.4 nM MeHg. The expression of single transcripts was not correlated with measured THg uptake, but a subset of 60 transcripts showed signatures specific to the exposed metal(s) and was congruent with exposure concentration. Notably, the range of fold change values of this subset correlated with THg bioaccumulation with a two-slope pattern in line with [THg](intra)/[THg](med) ratios. Gene expression signature seems a promising approach to complement chemical analyses to assess bioavailability of toxicants in presence of other metals and organic matter.

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Selectivity of novel and traditional insecticides used for management of whiteflies on the parasitoid *Encarsia formosa*

**Authors:** Wang, Z; Dai, P; Yang, XB; Ruan, CC; Biondi, A; Desneux, N; Zang, LS

**Source:** PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 75(10):2716-2724, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/ps.5380

**Abstract:** BACKGROUND *Encarsia formosa* Gahan is the most important parasitoid exploited for the control of whitefly pests of vegetable crops. However, the non-

target effects of recently developed insecticides for controlling whiteflies toward this biocontrol agent is little documented. Here we evaluated the susceptibility of *E. formosa* adults and juveniles to eight commonly used insecticides against whiteflies. RESULTS Residual toxicity tests on glass showed that E. formosa adults were susceptible (over 98% mortality after 6 h treated) to field concentrations of the tested neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam), abamectin, cyantraniliprole, and sulfoxaflor at their field concentrations. Pyriproxyfen was harmless to both adult and pupae of E. formosa. A risk quotient analysis showed that toxicity of pyriproxyfen to *E. formosa* adults was the lowest, followed by acetamiprid and cyantraniliprole. In the leaf residues test, mortality of E. formosa adults under all insecticides decreased when the residue age increased. Interestingly, *E. formosa* experiencing contact with the residues of most insecticides, except pyriproxyfen and abamectin, parasitized significantly more hosts 5-days after treatment, suggesting a hormetic effect on parasitism. CONCLUSION The risk assessment of insecticides indicated that pyriproxyfen and cyantraniliprole were the least toxic to E. formosa. Our results suggest that the inclusion of the insecticides in sustainable integrated pest management programs of whiteflies should be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

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Selection of macrophytes with Cu-enriched root biomass intended for ecocatalyst production

**Authors:** Oustriere, N; Marchand, L; Lizama-Allende, K; Roulet, E; Rousset, C; Bordas, F; Mench, M

**Source:** ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 138:88-96, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.001

**Abstract:** Four macrophytes commonly used to clean up Cu contaminated effluents, i.e. *Arundo donax* L., Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Iris pseudacorus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L., were assessed to produce Cu-rich plant biomass intended for ecofriendly catalyst preparation. 7-month-old plants were exposed to a Cu gradient (0.08, 2, 10, 20 and 40 mu M Cu) in batch conditions during 2 months. Copper exposure affected the root DW yield of C. eragrostis from 2 mu M Cu, whereas I. pseudacorus and A. donax developed well. Maximum Cu concentration in the biomass of C. eragrostis and P. arundinacea (i.e. 255 and 838 mg Cu kg(-1) DW respectively) did not reach the 1000 mg Cu kg(-1) DW threshold value needed to produce Cu-ecocatalysts. Copper concentrations in the roots of I. pseudacorus and A. donax exceeded this threshold value at 40 mu M and over 10 mu M Cu, i.e. 1099 and
1809 mg Cu kg (-1) DW, respectively, making them relevant candidates for producing Cu-ecocatalysts.

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## Chemical profiles and insecticidal efficacy of the essential oils from four Thymus taxa growing in central-southern Italy

**Authors:** Pavela, R; Bartolucci, F; Desneux, N; Lavoir, AV; Canale, A; Maggi, F; Benelli, G

**Source:** INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 138, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.06.023

**Abstract:** *Thymus longicaulis* subsp. longicaulis, Th. picentinus, Th. spinulosus, and *Th. zygiformis* var. magellensis are chamaephytes occurring in rocky places of central and southern Italy and are poorly explored for the chemical composition and biological activity of their essential oils. In the present work, we analysed the essential oil composition of twelve samples coming from the aforementioned species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, the taxa producing the highest amounts of essential oil, namely *Th. longicaulis* subsp. longicaulis and Th. spinulosus, were investigated for the first time for insecticidal efficacy against three target insect species, i.e., the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and *Spodoptera littoralis* as well as the adults of *Musca domestica*. Chemical and principal component (PCA) analyses allowed us to discriminate five main groups of samples, thymol-, carvacrol-, thymol/carvacrol-, geranyl acetate and (E)-nerolidol-types with the ones showing the highest yields (*Th. longicaulis* subsp. longicaulis and *Th. spinulosus*) being characterized by phenolic monoterpenes. The *Th. spinulosus* and *Th. longicaulis* subsp. longicaulis essential oils were assayed for toxicity against the three target insect species showing significant toxic effects, with LC50/LD50 values in the ranges 39.6-87.1 µg.larva(-1), 21.7-62.4 µl.L-1 and 35.9-147.3 µg.adult(-1), for *S. littoralis*, *C. quinquefasciatus* and *M. domestica*, respectively. Notably, the most active samples were those with the highest amounts of thymol that were also obtained from *Th. spinulosus* plants with the highest yield of essential oils. Overall, our results indicate very prospects for using the essential oil from *his. spinulosus* in the development of environmentally safe botanical insecticides designed for protection against insects.

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## Modelling BPA effects on three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms to

### improve the understanding of population effects

**Authors:** David, V; Joachim, S; Porcher, JM; Beaudouin, R

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 692:854-867, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.274

**Abstract:** Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, is ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment. Its impacts at the population level on three-spined sticklebacks (Gastemsteus aculeatus) have been studied in artificial streams with low-dose BPA concentrations. The causes explaining the observed effects remained unclear. Here, we used an individual-based model coupled to a Dynamic Energy Budget model to (i) assess the potential of modelling to predict impacts at the population level using individual level laboratory ecotoxicological endpoints and (ii) provide insight on the mechanisms of BPA toxicity in these mesocosms. To do that, both direct and indirect effects of BPA on three-spined sticklebacks were incorporated in the model. Indeed, direct BPA effects on fish have been identified based on literature data whereas indirect effects on sticklebacks have been taken into account using sampling data of their prey from the exposed artificial streams. Results of the modelling showed that direct BPA effects on fish (impacts on gonad formation, growth, male reproductive behavior, eggs and larvae survival) mainly explained the three-spired stickleback population structure in the mesocosms, but indirect effects were not negligible. Hence, this study showed the potential of modelling in risk assessment to predict the impacts on fish population viability from behavioral and physiological effects measured on organisms.

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## Seasonal influence of parasitism on contamination patterns of the mud shrimp *Upogebia cf. pusilla* in an area of low pollution

**Authors:** Dairain, A; Legeay, A; Gonzalez, P; Baudrimont, M; Gourves, PY; de Montaudouin, X

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 692:319-332, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.258

**Abstract:** Very few studies have characterized the concentrations of pollutants in bioturbating species. These species are considered as ecosystem engineers and characterizing stressors, such as contaminants, that impact them could lead to a better understanding of the functioning of ecosystems. In addition to contaminants, bioturbators are affected by a wide
range of stressors, which can influence their physiological status and their ability to accumulate pollutants. Among these stressors, parasitism is of particular concern due to the ubiquity of parasites in natural environments and their influence on the fitness of their host. This study aims to assess the relationship between parasitism and metal accumulation in the bioturbating mud shrimp Upogebia cf. pusilla. A one-year seasonal survey was conducted in Arcachon Bay, France, with the aims of (1) characterizing the levels of metals in the mud shrimp and (2) evaluating the influence of two macroparasites (a bopyrid isopod and a trematode) on the variation of the metal content in mud shrimp. The bopyrid parasite castrates its female host and a particular attention has therefore been paid to the reproductive cycle of female mud shrimp by quantifying the expression of the vitellogenin gene that encodes the major yolk protein in female crustaceans. The levels of contaminants in mud shrimp appeared low compared to those reported in other crustaceans in areas of higher pollution. Even at these low contamination levels, we observed a significant impact by the bopyrid parasite that depends on season: bopyrid-infested organisms are generally more contaminated than their uninfested conspecifics except in summer when the opposite trend was observed. We suggest that the bopyrid indirectly interferes with the metal accumulation process by altering the reproductive capabilities of the mud shrimp. On the opposite, very low influence of the trematode parasite on the metal content of the host was found.

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## The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates)

**Authors:** Gajski, G; Zegura, B; Ladeira, C; Novak, M; Srarnkova, M; Pourrut, B; Del Bo', C; Milic, M; Gutzkow, KB; Costa, S; Dusinska, M; Brunborg, G; Collins, A

**Source:** MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 781:130-164, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002

**Abstract:** The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the

comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.

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## Ecotoxicology of silver nanoparticles and their derivatives introduced in soil with or without sewage sludge: A review of effects on microorganisms, plants and animals

**Authors:** Courtois, P; Rorat, A; Lemiere, S; Guyoneaud, R; Attard, E; Levard, C; Vandenbulcke, F

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 253:578-598, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.053

**Abstract:** Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated in many products, partly due to their antimicrobial properties. The subsequent discharge of this form of silver into wastewater leads to an accumulation of silver species (AgNPs and derivatives resulting from their chemical transformation), in sewage sludge. As a result of the land application of sewage sludge for agricultural or remediation purposes, soils are the primary receiver media of silver contamination. Research on the long-term impact of AgNPs on the environment is ongoing, and this paper is the first review that summarizes the existing state of scientific knowledge on the potential impact of silver species introduced into the soil via sewage sludge, from microorganisms to earthworms and plants. Silver species can easily enter cells through biological membranes and affect the physiology of organisms, resulting in toxic effects. In soils, exposure to AgNPs may change microbial
biomass and diversity, decrease plant growth and inhibit soil invertebrate reproduction. Physiological, biochemical and molecular effects have been documented in various soil organisms and microorganisms. Negative effects on organisms of the dominant form of silver in sewage sludge, silver sulfide (Ag2S), have been observed, although these effects are attenuated compared to the effects of metallic AgNPs. However, silver toxicity is complex to evaluate and much remains unknown about the ecotoxicology of silver species in soils, especially with respect to the possibility of transfer along the trophic chain via accumulation in plant and animal tissues. Critical points related to the hazards associated with the presence of silver species in the environment are described, and important issues concerning the ecotoxicity of sewage sludge applied to soil are discussed to highlight gaps in existing scientific knowledge and essential research directions for improving risk assessment.

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## Combined spatial and retrospective analysis of fluoroalkyl chemicals in fluvial sediments reveal changes in levels and patterns over the last 40 years

**Authors:** Mourier, B; Labadie, P; Desmet, M; Grosbois, C; Raux, J; Debret, M; Copard, Y; Pardon, P; Budzinski, H; Babut, M

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 253:1117-1125, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.079

**Abstract:** Bed sediments and a dated sediment core were collected upstream and downstream from the city of Lyon (France) to assess the spatial and temporal trends of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in this section of the Rhone River. Upstream from Lyon, concentrations of total PFASs (Sigma PFASs) in sediments are low (between 0.19 and 2.6 ng g(-1) dry weight - dw), being characterized by a high proportion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Downstream from Lyon, and also from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant, Sigma PFASs concentrations reach 48.7 ng g(-1) dw. A gradual decrease of concentrations is reported at the coring site further downstream (38 km). Based on a dated sediment core, the temporal evolution of PFASs is reconstructed from 1984 to 2013. Prior to 1987, Sigma PFASs concentrations were low (\#60;= 2 ng g(-1) dw), increasing to a maximum of 51 ng g(-1) dw in the 1990s and then decreasing from 2002 to the present day (similar to 10 ng g(-1) dw). In terms of the PFAS pattern, the proportion of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) has remained stable since the 1980s

(similar to 10%), whereas large variations are reported for carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Long chain- (C \#62; 8) PFCAs characterized by an even number of perfluorinated carbons represent about 74% of the total PFAS load until 2005. However, from 2005 to 2013, the relative contribution of long chain- (C \#62; 8) PFCAs with an odd number of perfluorinated carbons reaches 80%. Such changes in the PFAS pattern likely highlight a major shift in the industrial production process. This spatial and retrospective study provides valuable insights into the long-term contamination patterns of PFAS chemicals in river basins impacted by both urban and industrial activities. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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## Concomitant exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan at environmentally relevant concentrations induces metabolic syndrome with multigenerational consequences in *Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis*

**Authors:** Usal, M; Regnault, C; Veyrenc, S; Couturier, K; Batandier, C; Bulteau, AL; Lejon, D; Combourieu, B; Lafond, T; Raveton, M; Reynaud, S

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 689:149-159, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.386

**Abstract:** Numerous studies suggest that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (ED) but their precise role in population decline remains unknown. This study shows that frogs exposed to a mixture of ED throughout their life cycle, at environmentally relevant concentrations, developed an unexpected metabolic syndrome. female *Silurana (Xenopus)* tropicalis exposed to a mixture of benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan (50 ng"L each) from the tadpole stage developed liver steatosis and transcriptomic signature associated with glucose intolerance syndrome, and pancreatic insulin hyper secretion typical of pre-diabetes. These metabolic disorders were associated with delayed metamorphosis and developmental mortality in their progeny, both of which have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and reproductive success. Indeed, *Fl* females were smaller and lighter and presented reduced reproductive capacities, demonstrating a reduced fitness of ED-exposed *Xenopus*. Our results confirm that amphibians are highly sensitive to ED even at concentrations considered to be safe for other animals. This study demonstrates that ED might be considered as direct contributing factors to amphibian population decline, due to their disruption of
energetic metabolism. C 2019 Elsevier 13.V. All rights reserved.

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## Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, *Aphis gossypii*

**Authors:** Ullah, F; Gul, H; Yousaf, HK; Xiu, W; Qian, D; Gao, XW; Tariq, K; Han, P; Desneux, N; Song, DL

**Source:** SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 9, 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48199-w

**Abstract:** Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor that can be used for the control of hemipteran pests, especially melon aphid, *Aphis gossypii*. The impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on the biological parameters and expression profile of CHS1 gene were estimated for two successive generations of A. gossyii. The present result shows that the LC15 and LC30 of buprofezin significantly decreased the fecundity and longevity of both generations. Exposure of F-0 individuals to both concentrations delay the developmental period in F-1. Furthermore, the survival rate, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (lambda), and net reproductive rate (R-0) were reduced significantly in progeny generation at both concentrations. However, the reduction in gross reproductive rate (GRR) was observed only at LC30. Although, the mean generation time (T) prolonged substantially at LC30. Additionally, expression of the CHS1 gene was significantly increased in F-0 adults. Significant increase in the relative abundance of CHS1 mRNA transcript was also observed at the juvenile and adult stages of F1 generation following exposure to LC15 and LC30. Therefore, our results show that buprofezin could affect the biological traits by diminishing the chitin contents owing to the inhibition of chitin synthase activity in the succeeding generation of melon aphid.

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## Use of fish otoliths as a temporal biomarker of field uranium exposure

**Authors:** Mounicou, S; Frelon, S; Le Guernic, A; Eb-Levadoux, Y; Camilleri, V; Fevrier, L; Pierrisnard, S; Carasco, L; Gilbin, R; Mahe, K; Tabouret, H; Bareille, G; Simon, O

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 690:511-521, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.534

**Abstract:** This study aimed to determine uranium (U) pollution over time using otoliths as a marker of fish U contamination. Experiments were performed in field contamination (similar to 20 µg L-1: encaged fish: 15d, 50d and collected wild fish) and in laboratory exposure conditions (20 and 250 µg L-1, 20d). We reported the U seasonal concentrations in field waterborne exposed roach fish (*Rutilus rutilus*), in organs and otoliths. Otoliths were analyzed by ICPMS and LA-ICP SF MS of the entire growth zone. Concentrations were measured on transects from nucleus to the edge of otoliths to characterize environmental variations of metal accumulation. Results showed a spatial and temporal variation of U contamination in water (from 51 to 9.4 µg L-1 at the surface of the water column), a high and seasonal accumulation in fish organs, mainly the digestive tract (from 1000 to 30,000 ngg(-1), fw), the gills (from 1600 to 3200 ngg(-1), fw) and the muscle (from 144 to 1054 ngg(-1), fw). U was detected throughout the otolith and accumulation varied over the season from 70 to 350 ng g(-1), close to the values measured (310 ng g(-1)) after high exposure levels in laboratory conditions. U in otoliths of encaged fish showed rapid and high U accumulation from 20 to 150 ng g(-1). The U accumulation signal was mainly detected on the edge of the otolith, showing two U accumulation peaks, probably correlated to fish age, i.e. 2 years old. Surprisingly, elemental U and Zn signatures followed the same pattern therefore using the same uptake pathways. Laboratory, caging and field experiments indicated that otoliths were able to quickly accumulate U on the surface even for low levels and to store high levels of U. This study is an encouraging first step in using otoliths as a marker of U exposure.

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## Recycling, reuse, and circular economy: a challenge for ecotoxicological research

**Authors:** Slaveykova, VI; Couture, P; Duquesne, S; D'Hugues, P; Sanchez, W

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 26(21):22097-22100, 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04626-z

**Text:** The continuously growing global population, a scarcity of fossil fuels, diminishing supplies of raw materials and metals, climate change, biodiversity decline, poor water quality, and social concerns will require changes in production, consumption, and mobility in modern society. To address this challenge, the concept of a circular economy (CE), including recycling and reuse, appears to be a promising path
forward. Circular economy is an emerging concept aiming to move away from the traditional "take-make-dispose" approach and to decouple economic growth from natural resource consumption, allowing a societal evolution towards a sustainable future...

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## Impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on the freshwater diatom *Gomphonema gracile*: Complementarity between fatty acid profiles and different kinds of ecotoxicological impact-endpoints

**Authors:** Demailly, F; Elfeky, I; Malbezin, L; Le Guedard, M; Eon, M; Bessoule, JJ; Feurtet-Mazel, A; Delmas, F; Mazzella, N; Gonzalez, P; Morin, S

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
688:960-969, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.347

**Abstract:** Fatty acids (FA) are crucial for the maintenance of membrane fluidity and play a central role in metabolic energy storage. Polyunsaturated fatty adds play an essential ecological role since they are key parameters in the nutritional value of algae. Pesticide impacts on fatty add profiles have been documented in marine microalgae, but remain understudied in freshwater diatoms. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on "classical descriptors" (photosynthesis, growth rate, pigment contents, and on the expression levels of target genes in freshwater diatoms), 2) examine the impact of these pesticides on diatom fatty add profiles and finally. 3) compare fatty acid profiles and "classical descriptor" responses in order to evaluate their complementarily and ecological role. To address this issue, the model freshwater diatom *Gomphonema gracile* was exposed during seven days to diuron and S-metolachlor at 10 mu g.L-1. G. gracile was mostly composed of the following fatty acids: 20:5n3; 16:1; 16:0; 16:3n4; 14:0 and 20:4n6 and highly unsaturated fatty adds were overall the best represented fatty acid class. S-metolachlor decreased the growth rate and chlorophyll a content of G. gracile and induced the expression of cox1, nad5, d1 and cat genes, while no significant impacts were observed on photosynthesis and carotenoid content. In a more global way, S-metolachlor did not impact the fatty add profiles of G. gracile. Diuron inhibited photosynthesis, growth rate, chlorophyll a content and induced cat and d1 gene expressions but no significant effect was observed on carotenoid content. Diuron decreased the percentage of highly unsaturated fatty acids but increased the percentage of monounsaturated fatty adds. These

results demonstrated that fatty adds responded to diuron conversely to pigment content, suggesting that fatty adds can inform on energy content variation in diatoms subjected to herbicide stress. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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## COLLOQUES

### Colloque de la SEFA - 3-4 juillet 2020 Versailles

Le prochain colloque de la SEFA se déroulera les 3 et 4 juillet 2020 à Versailles. Ce colloque se veut un lieu d'échanges interdisciplinaires et d'enrichissement mutuel ouvert à tous les secteurs d'activité - recherche, industrie, administration, enseignement et gestionnaires de l'environnement.

La date limite de soumission des résumés pour les présentations orales et les posters est le 30 avril 2020.

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### 4ème Rencontres nationales de la recherche sur les sites et sols pollués 26-27 novembre, Paris

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

5 thèmes sont proposés pour cette édition :

- Caractérisation et interprétation des résultats

- Compréhension des mécanismes et transfert de polluants

- Exposition et impacts vers le vivant

- Techniques de dépollution

- Modalités de gestion et travaux

- Villes et territoires durables

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# SETAC Europe 14th Special Science Symposium 19-20 Nov 2019 Brussels

Following key questions will be addressed:

- What is known about soil biodiversity (main focus: European Union)?

- Which soil functions depend or are influenced by soil organisms?

- How could soil organisms be determined robust, reliably and efficiently?

- Which natural factors (soils, fate?) do affect the occurrence of soil organisms?

- How could the diversity (or functions) of soil organisms be modelled?

- Which chemical and non-chemical stressors do affect soil organism communities?

- Are there case studies available showing the impact of stressors on soil organisms?

- Which regulations do exist for the protection of soil organisms?

- Which ideas exist to protect soil organism structural and functional diversity? Viewpoints of representatives from regulatory agencies and industry?...

## Programme

- Day 1: What is known about soil diversity? How could it be measured?

- Day 2: Which anthropogenic stressors affect soil biodiversity? How can effects be evaluated?

## Day 1:

10:20 - 11:20: Session 1: Soil biodiversity: current state of the science13:50 - 14:50: Session 2: Experimental approaches to assessing soil biodiversity and its relation to abiotic (stress) factors...

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## Journée technique
### "Contamination des sols urbains"

Le tissu urbain est un milieu en perpétuelle évolution et qui se renouvelle sur lui-même au gré des époques. Un même sol va donc être marqué par l'ensemble de ses précédents usages. Les activités actuelles et passées peuvent générer des pollutions plus ou moins complexes et qui vont engendrer des craintes sur les risques sanitaires des riverains et des usagers.

En 2016, Plante & Cité a lancé avec l'appui scientifique de l'INRA, de l'Université de Lorraine, de l'ISA de Lille, du Cerema et de l'Ademe une étude ayant abouti à l'édition d'un guide sur la procédure à

entreprendre lors d'une présomption de contamination d'un sol. Ce guide, intitulé « Présomption de Pollution d'un Sol : des clés pour comprendre et agir » a été édité en Novembre 2018 et propose une démarche visant à caractériser, traiter ou isoler les polluants d'un sol en cas de suspicion d'une éventuelle contamination.

Avec plus de 7000 sites contaminés en France (BASOL) et de nouveaux risques de pollutions ponctuelles (fuite d'hydrocarbures, contaminations minérales, amendements) ou diffuses, il est aujourd'hui plus que nécessaire de disposer d'outils et de références permettant d'aménager le milieu urbain en prenant en compte ces contraintes. Les enjeux sont d'autant plus grands que la réglementation n'est pas toujours clairement établie hors du cadre des ICPE (Installations Classées pour la Protection de l'Environnement). Savoir assumer le passif de certains sols peut égaler être un verrou à lever d'autant que certaines contaminations peuvent perdurer dans le temps. Cette journée permettra ainsi de présenter les fondamentaux des sols pollués en ville ainsi que les leviers d'actions possibles et des retours d'expériences afin de mieux appréhender ces problématiques en aménagement urbain.

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## Soil and the SDGs: Challenges and need for action 25 Nov. 2019
### Bruxelles

Soil and the SDGs conference is organised on behalf of the European Commission, and it is an opportunity for policy makers, public institutions, researchers, industry and civil society to come together to exchange knowledge and practices on the implementation in the EU of soil and land-related SDGs, and particularly the Land Degradation Neutrality target.

During this one-day conference [...], we will first address the challenges related to soil and land degradation in the EU and then we will explore the opportunities for urgently needed action. Representatives from the EU institutions, the European Environment Agency, the scientific community and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification will provide insights on the issue from different perspectives. Selected Member States will present their cases on the implementation and monitoring of the relevant SDGs.

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