70. Dadda, M.; Bisazza, A. Does Brain Asymmetry Allow Efficient Performance of Simultaneous Tasks? *Anim. Behav.* **2006**, *72*, 523–529. [CrossRef]

71. Hopkins, W.D.; Avants, B.B. Regional and Hemispheric Variation in Cortical Thickness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Neurosci.* **2013**, *33*, 5241–5248. [CrossRef]

72. Hopkins, W.D.; Cantalupo, C. Handedness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) Is Associated with Asymmetries of the Primary Motor Cortex but Not with Homologous Language Areas. *Behav. Neurosci.* **2004**, *118*, 1176–1183. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

73. Margiotoudi, K.; Marie, D.; Claidière, N.; Coulon, O.; Roth, M.; Nazarian, B.; Lacoste, R.; Hopkins, W.D.; Molesti, S.; Fresnais, P.; et al. Handedness in Monkeys Reflects Hemispheric Specialization within the Central Sulcus. *An In Vivo MRI Study in Right- and Left-Handed Olive Baboons*. *Cortex* **2019**, *118*, 203–211. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

74. Phillips, K.A.; Sherwood, C.C. Primary Motor Cortex Asymmetry Is Correlated with Handedness in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella). *Behav. Neurosci.* **2005**, *119*, 1701–1704. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

75. Sherwood, C.C.; Wahl, E.; Erwin, J.M.; Hof, P.R.; Hopkins, W.D. Histological Asymmetries of Primary Motor Cortex Predict Handedness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Comp. Neurol.* **2007**, *503*, 525–537. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

76. Molesti, S.; Vauclair, J.; Meguerditchian, A. Hand Preferences for Unimanual and Bimanual Coordinated Actions in Olive Baboons (Papio anubis): Consistency over Time and across Populations. *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2016**, *130*, 341–350. [CrossRef]

77. Brown, C.; Magat, M. Cerebral Lateralization Determines Hand Preferences in Australian Parrots. *Biol. Lett.* **2011**, *7*, 496–498. [CrossRef]

78. Kaplan, G.; Rogers, L.J. Brain Size Associated with Foot Preferences in Australian Parrots. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 867. [CrossRef]

79. Magat, M.; Brown, C. Laterality Enhances Cognition in Australian Parrots. *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2009**, *276*, 4155–4162. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

80. Brunon, A.; Bovet, D.; Bourgeois, A.; Pouydebat, E. Motivation and Manipulation Capacities of the Blue and Yellow Macaw and the Tufted Capuchin: A Comparative Approach. *Behav. Process.* **2014**, *107*, 1–14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

81. Byrne, R.A.; Kuba, M.J.; Meisel, D.V.; Griebel, U.; Mather, J.A. Does Octopus Vulgaris Have Preferred Arms? *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2006**, *120*, 198–204. [CrossRef]

82. Chi, J.G.; Dooling, E.C.; Gilles, F.H. Gyral Development of the Human Brain. *Ann. Neurol.* **1977**, *1*, 86–93. [CrossRef]

83. Hering-Hanit, R.; Achiron, R.; Lipitz, S.; Achiron, A. Asymmetry of Fetal Cerebral Hemispheres: In Utero Ultrasound Study. *Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.* **2001**, *85*, F194–F196. [CrossRef]

84. Kasprian, G.; Langs, G.; Brugger, P.C.; Bittner, M.; Weber, M.; Arantes, M.; Prayer, D. The Prenatal Origin of Hemispheric Asymmetry: An In Utero Neuroimaging Study. *Cereb. Cortex* **2011**, *21*, 1076–1083. [CrossRef]

85. Kienast, P.; Schwartz, E.; Diogo, M.C.; Gruber, G.M.; Brugger, P.C.; Kiss, H.; Ulm, B.; Bartha-Doering, L.; Seidl, R.; Weber, M.; et al. The Prenatal Origins of Human Brain Asymmetry: Lessons Learned from a Cohort of Fetuses with Body Lateralization Defects. *Cereb. Cortex* **2021**, *31*, 3713–3722. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

86. Vasung, L.; Rollins, C.K.; Yun, H.J.; Velasco-Annis, C.; Zhang, J.; Wagstyl, K.; Evans, A.; Warfield, S.K.; Feldman, H.A.; Grant, P.E.; et al. Quantitative In Vivo MRI Assessment of Structural Asymmetries and Sexual Dimorphism of Transient Fetal Compartments in the Human Brain. *Cereb. Cortex* **2020**, *30*, 1752–1767. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

87. Bardo, A.; Kivell, T.L.; Town, K.; Donati, G.; Ballieux, H.; Stamate, C.; Edginton, T.; Forrester, G.S. Get a Grip: Variation in Human Hand Grip Strength and Implications for Human Evolution. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 1142. [CrossRef]

88. Govind, C.K. Asymmetry in Lobster Claws. *Am. Sci.* **1989**, *77*, 468–474.

89. Rosenberg, M.S. Fiddler Crab Claw Shape Variation: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis across the Genus Uca (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae). *Biol. J. Linn. Soc.* **2002**, *75*, 147–162. [CrossRef]

90. Yosef, R.; Daraby, M.; Semionovikh, A.; Kosicki, J.Z. Individual Laterality in Ghost Crabs (Ocypode Saratan) Influences Burrowing Behavior. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 1512. [CrossRef]

91. Backwell, P.R.Y.; Matsumasa, M.; Double, M.; Roberts, A.; Murai, M.; Keogh, J.S.; Jennions, M.D. What Are the Consequences of Being Left-Clawed in a Predominantly Right-Clawed Fiddler Crab? *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2007**, *274*, 2723–2729. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

92. MacNeilage, P.F. Present Status of the Postural Origins Theory. In *Special Topics in Primatology*; Hopkins, W.D., Ed.; The Evolution of Hemispheric Specialization in Primates; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2007; Volume 5, pp. 58–91.

93. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness Reconsidered. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1987**, *10*, 247. [CrossRef]

94. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness: A Foot in the Door. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1988**, *11*, 737–746. [CrossRef]

95. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness: The Other Theory, the Other Hand and the Other Attitude. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1991**, *14*, 344–349. [CrossRef]

96. Fleagle, J.G.; Meldrum, D.J. Locomotor Behavior and Skeletal Morphology of Two Sympatric Pitheciine Monkeys, Pithecia Pithecia and Chiropotes Satanas. *Am. J. Primatol.* **1988**, *16*, 227–249. [CrossRef]

97. MacNeilage, P.F. Evolution of Whole-Body Asymmetry Related to Handedness. *Cortex* **2006**, *42*, 94–95. [CrossRef]

98. Harris, L.J. Footedness in Parrots: Three Centuries of Research, Theory, and Mere Surmise. *Can. J. Psychol.* **1989**, *43*, 369–396. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
70. Dadda, M.; Bisazza, A. Does Brain Asymmetry Allow Efficient Performance of Simultaneous Tasks? *Anim. Behav.* **2006**, *72*, 523–529. [CrossRef]

71. Hopkins, W.D.; Avants, B.B. Regional and Hemispheric Variation in Cortical Thickness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Neurosci.* **2013**, *33*, 5241–5248. [CrossRef]

72. Hopkins, W.D.; Cantalupo, C. Handedness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) Is Associated with Asymmetries of the Primary Motor Cortex but Not with Homologous Language Areas. *Behav. Neurosci.* **2004**, *118*, 1176–1183. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

73. Margiotoudi, K.; Marie, D.; Claidière, N.; Coulon, O.; Roth, M.; Nazarian, B.; Lacoste, R.; Hopkins, W.D.; Molesti, S.; Fresnais, P.; et al. Handedness in Monkeys Reflects Hemispheric Specialization within the Central Sulcus. *An In Vivo MRI Study in Right- and Left-Handed Olive Baboons*. *Cortex* **2019**, *118*, 203–211. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

74. Phillips, K.A.; Sherwood, C.C. Primary Motor Cortex Asymmetry Is Correlated with Handedness in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella). *Behav. Neurosci.* **2005**, *119*, 1701–1704. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

75. Sherwood, C.C.; Wahl, E.; Erwin, J.M.; Hof, P.R.; Hopkins, W.D. Histological Asymmetries of Primary Motor Cortex Predict Handedness in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Comp. Neurol.* **2007**, *503*, 525–537. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

76. Molesti, S.; Vauclair, J.; Meguerditchian, A. Hand Preferences for Unimanual and Bimanual Coordinated Actions in Olive Baboons (Papio anubis): Consistency over Time and across Populations. *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2016**, *130*, 341–350. [CrossRef]

77. Brown, C.; Magat, M. Cerebral Lateralization Determines Hand Preferences in Australian Parrots. *Biol. Lett.* **2011**, *7*, 496–498. [CrossRef]

78. Kaplan, G.; Rogers, L.J. Brain Size Associated with Foot Preferences in Australian Parrots. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 867. [CrossRef]

79. Magat, M.; Brown, C. Laterality Enhances Cognition in Australian Parrots. *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2009**, *276*, 4155–4162. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

80. Brunon, A.; Bovet, D.; Bourgeois, A.; Pouydebat, E. Motivation and Manipulation Capacities of the Blue and Yellow Macaw and the Tufted Capuchin: A Comparative Approach. *Behav. Process.* **2014**, *107*, 1–14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

81. Byrne, R.A.; Kuba, M.J.; Meisel, D.V.; Griebel, U.; Mather, J.A. Does Octopus Vulgaris Have Preferred Arms? *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2006**, *120*, 198–204. [CrossRef]

82. Chi, J.G.; Dooling, E.C.; Gilles, F.H. Gyral Development of the Human Brain. *Ann. Neurol.* **1977**, *1*, 86–93. [CrossRef]

83. Hering-Hanit, R.; Achiron, R.; Lipitz, S.; Achiron, A. Asymmetry of Fetal Cerebral Hemispheres: In Utero Ultrasound Study. *Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.* **2001**, *85*, F194–F196. [CrossRef]

84. Kasprian, G.; Langs, G.; Brugger, P.C.; Bittner, M.; Weber, M.; Arantes, M.; Prayer, D. The Prenatal Origin of Hemispheric Asymmetry: An In Utero Neuroimaging Study. *Cereb. Cortex* **2011**, *21*, 1076–1083. [CrossRef]

85. Kienast, P.; Schwartz, E.; Diogo, M.C.; Gruber, G.M.; Brugger, P.C.; Kiss, H.; Ulm, B.; Bartha-Doering, L.; Seidl, R.; Weber, M.; et al. The Prenatal Origins of Human Brain Asymmetry: Lessons Learned from a Cohort of Fetuses with Body Lateralization Defects. *Cereb. Cortex* **2021**, *31*, 3713–3722. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

86. Vasung, L.; Rollins, C.K.; Yun, H.J.; Velasco-Annis, C.; Zhang, J.; Wagstyl, K.; Evans, A.; Warfield, S.K.; Feldman, H.A.; Grant, P.E.; et al. Quantitative In Vivo MRI Assessment of Structural Asymmetries and Sexual Dimorphism of Transient Fetal Compartments in the Human Brain. *Cereb. Cortex* **2020**, *30*, 1752–1767. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

87. Bardo, A.; Kivell, T.L.; Town, K.; Donati, G.; Ballieux, H.; Stamate, C.; Edginton, T.; Forrester, G.S. Get a Grip: Variation in Human Hand Grip Strength and Implications for Human Evolution. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 1142. [CrossRef]

88. Govind, C.K. Asymmetry in Lobster Claws. *Am. Sci.* **1989**, *77*, 468–474.

89. Rosenberg, M.S. Fiddler Crab Claw Shape Variation: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis across the Genus Uca (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae). *Biol. J. Linn. Soc.* **2002**, *75*, 147–162. [CrossRef]

90. Yosef, R.; Daraby, M.; Semionovikh, A.; Kosicki, J.Z. Individual Laterality in Ghost Crabs (Ocypode Saratan) Influences Burrowing Behavior. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 1512. [CrossRef]

91. Backwell, P.R.Y.; Matsumasa, M.; Double, M.; Roberts, A.; Murai, M.; Keogh, J.S.; Jennions, M.D. What Are the Consequences of Being Left-Clawed in a Predominantly Right-Clawed Fiddler Crab? *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2007**, *274*, 2723–2729. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

92. MacNeilage, P.F. Present Status of the Postural Origins Theory. In *Special Topics in Primatology*; Hopkins, W.D., Ed.; The Evolution of Hemispheric Specialization in Primates; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2007; Volume 5, pp. 58–91.

93. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness Reconsidered. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1987**, *10*, 247. [CrossRef]

94. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness: A Foot in the Door. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1988**, *11*, 737–746. [CrossRef]

95. MacNeilage, P.F.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.G.; Lindblom, B. Primate Handedness: The Other Theory, the Other Hand and the Other Attitude. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **1991**, *14*, 344–349. [CrossRef]

96. Fleagle, J.G.; Meldrum, D.J. Locomotor Behavior and Skeletal Morphology of Two Sympatric Pitheciine Monkeys, Pithecia Pithecia and Chiropotes Satanas. *Am. J. Primatol.* **1988**, *16*, 227–249. [CrossRef]

97. MacNeilage, P.F. Evolution of Whole-Body Asymmetry Related to Handedness. *Cortex* **2006**, *42*, 94–95. [CrossRef]

98. Harris, L.J. Footedness in Parrots: Three Centuries of Research, Theory, and Mere Surmise. *Can. J. Psychol.* **1989**, *43*, 369–396. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
99. Hopkins, W.D. Posture and Reaching in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) and Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1993**, *107*, 162–168. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

100. Meguerditchian, A. Pour une large approche comparative entre primates dans les recherches sur les origines de l'Homme: l'exemple de la latéralité manuelle. *BMSAP* **2014**, *26*, 166–171. [CrossRef]

101. Dodson, D.L.; Stafford, D.; Forsythe, C.; Seltzer, C.P.; Ward, J.P. Laterality in Quadrupedal and Bipedal Prosimians: Reach and Whole-Body Turn in the Mouse Lemur (Microcebus Murinus) and the Galago (Galago Moholi). *Am. J. Primatol.* **1992**, *26*, 191–202. [CrossRef]

102. Ward, J.P. Laterality in African and Malagasy Prosimians. In *Creatures of the Dark*; Alterman, L., Doyle, G.A., Izard, M.K., Eds.; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 1995; pp. 293–309. ISBN 978-1-4419-3250-1.

103. Ottoni, E.B.; Izar, P. Capuchin Monkey Tool Use: Overview and Implications. *Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev.* **2008**, *17*, 171–178. [CrossRef]

104. Hook-Costigan, M.A.; Rogers, L.J. Hand Preferences in New World Primates. *Int. J. Comp. Psychol.* **1996**, *9*, 14907.

105. Spinozzi, G.; Castorina, M.G.; Truppa, V. Hand Preferences in Unimanual and Coordinated-Bimanual Tasks by Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1998**, *112*, 183–191. [CrossRef]

106. Hopkins, W.D. Chimpanzee Handedness Revisited: 55 Years since Finch (1941). *Psychon. Bull. Rev.* **1996**, *3*, 449–457. [CrossRef]

107. Hopkins, W.D.; Pika, S.; Liebal, K.; Bania, A.; Meguerditchian, A.; Gardner, M.; Schapiro, S.J. Handedness for Manual Gestures in Great Apes. *Dev. Primate Gesture Res.* **2012**, *6*, 93–111.

108. Ward, J.P.; Hopkins, W.D. *Primate Laterality: Current Behavioral Evidence of Primate Asymmetries*; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1993; ISBN 978-1-4612-4370-0.

109. Giljov, A.; Karenina, K.; Ingram, J.; Malashichev, Y. Parallel Emergence of True Handedness in the Evolution of Marsupials and Placentals. *Curr. Biol.* **2015**, *25*, 1878–1884. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

110. Fagard, J.; Marks, A. Unimanual and Bimanual Tasks and the Assessment of Handedness in Toddlers. *Dev. Sci.* **2000**, *3*, 137–147. [CrossRef]

111. Fagot, J.; Vauclair, J. Manual Laterality in Nonhuman Primates: A Distinction between Handedness and Manual Specialization. *Psychol. Bull.* **1991**, *109*, 76–89. [CrossRef]

112. Meguerditchian, A.; Phillips, K.A.; Chapelain, A.; Mahovetz, L.M.; Milne, S.; Stoinski, T.; Bania, A.; Lonsdorf, E.; Schaeffer, J.; Russell, J.; et al. Handedness for Unimanual Grasping in 564 Great Apes: The Effect on Grip Morphology and a Comparison with Hand Use for a Bimanual Coordinated Task. *Front. Psychol.* **2015**, *6*, 1794. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

113. McGrew, W.C.; Marchant, L.F. Chimpanzees, Tools, and Termites: Hand Preference or Handedness? *Curr. Anthropol.* **1992**, *33*, 114–119. [CrossRef]

114. Vauclair, J.; Meguerditchian, A.; Hopkins, W.D. Hand Preferences for Unimanual and Coordinated Bimanual Tasks in Baboons (Papio anubis). *Cogn. Brain Res.* **2005**, *25*, 210–216. [CrossRef]

115. Giljov, A.; Karenina, K.; Malashichev, Y. Limb Preferences in a Marsupial, Macropus Rufogriseus: Evidence for Postural Effect. *Anim. Behav.* **2012**, *83*, 525–534. [CrossRef]

116. Blois-Heulin, C.; Guittot, J.S.; Nedellec-Bienvenue, D.; Ropars, L.; Vallet, E. Hand Preference in Unimanual and Bimanual Tasks and Postural Effect on Manual Laterality in Captive Red-Capped Mangabeys (Cercacebus Torquatus Torquatus). *Am. J. Primatol.* **2006**, *68*, 429–444. [CrossRef]

117. Blois-Heulin, C.; Bernard, V.; Bec, P. Postural Effect on Manual Laterality in Different Tasks in Captive Grey-Cheeked Mangabey (Lophocebus Albigena). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2007**, *121*, 205–213. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Westergaard, G.C.; Kuhn, H.E.; Lundquist, A.L.; Suomi, S.J. Posture and Reaching in Tufted Capuchins (Cebus Apella). *Laterality* **1997**, *2*, 65–74. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

119. Joly, M.; Scheumann, M.; Zimmermann, E. Posture Does Not Matter! Paw Usage and Grasping Paw Preference in a Small-Bodied Rooting Quadrupedal Mammal. *PLoS ONE* **2012**, *7*, e38228. [CrossRef]

120. Konerding, W.S.; Hedrich, H.-J.; Bleich, E.; Zimmermann, E. Paw Preference Is Not Affected by Postural Demand in a Nonprimate Mammal (Felis Silvestris Catus). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2012**, *126*, 15–22. [CrossRef]

121. Ghirlanda, S.; Vallortigara, G. The Evolution of Brain Lateralization: A Game-Theoretical Analysis of Population Structure. *Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B* **2004**, *271*, 853–857. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

122. MacNeilage, P.F.; Rogers, L.J.; Vallortigara, G. Origins of the Left & Right Brain. *Sci. Am.* **2009**, *301*, 60–67. [CrossRef]

123. Rogers, L.J. Laterality in Animals. *Int. J. Comp. Psychol.* **1989**, *3*, 22.

124. Bisazza, A.; Cantalupo, C.; Capocchiano, M.; Vallortigara, G. Population Lateralisation and Social Behaviour: A Study with 16 Species of Fish. *Laterality* **2000**, *5*, 269–284. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

125. Frasnelli, E.; Vallortigara, G.; Rogers, L.J. Left-Right Asymmetries of Behaviour and Nervous System in Invertebrates. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2012**, *36*, 1273–1291. [CrossRef]

126. Perelle, I.B.; Ehrman, L. An International Study of Human Handedness: The Data. *Behav Genet* **1994**, *24*, 217–227. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

127. Raymond, M.; Pontier, D. Is There Geographical Variation in Human Handedness? *Laterality* **2004**, *9*, 35–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

128. Fagard, J.; Dahmen, R. Cultural Influences on the Development of Lateral Preferences: A Comparison between French and Tunisian Children. *Laterality* **2004**, *9*, 67–78. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
99. Hopkins, W.D. Posture and Reaching in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) and Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1993**, *107*, 162–168. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

100. Meguerditchian, A. Pour une large approche comparative entre primates dans les recherches sur les origines de l'Homme: l'exemple de la latéralité manuelle. *BMSAP* **2014**, *26*, 166–171. [CrossRef]

101. Dodson, D.L.; Stafford, D.; Forsythe, C.; Seltzer, C.P.; Ward, J.P. Laterality in Quadrupedal and Bipedal Prosimians: Reach and Whole-Body Turn in the Mouse Lemur (Microcebus Murinus) and the Galago (Galago Moholi). *Am. J. Primatol.* **1992**, *26*, 191–202. [CrossRef]

102. Ward, J.P. Laterality in African and Malagasy Prosimians. In *Creatures of the Dark*; Alterman, L., Doyle, G.A., Izard, M.K., Eds.; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 1995; pp. 293–309. ISBN 978-1-4419-3250-1.

103. Ottoni, E.B.; Izar, P. Capuchin Monkey Tool Use: Overview and Implications. *Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev.* **2008**, *17*, 171–178. [CrossRef]

104. Hook-Costigan, M.A.; Rogers, L.J. Hand Preferences in New World Primates. *Int. J. Comp. Psychol.* **1996**, *9*, 14907.

105. Spinozzi, G.; Castorina, M.G.; Truppa, V. Hand Preferences in Unimanual and Coordinated-Bimanual Tasks by Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1998**, *112*, 183–191. [CrossRef]

106. Hopkins, W.D. Chimpanzee Handedness Revisited: 55 Years since Finch (1941). *Psychon. Bull. Rev.* **1996**, *3*, 449–457. [CrossRef]

107. Hopkins, W.D.; Pika, S.; Liebal, K.; Bania, A.; Meguerditchian, A.; Gardner, M.; Schapiro, S.J. Handedness for Manual Gestures in Great Apes. *Dev. Primate Gesture Res.* **2012**, *6*, 93–111.

108. Ward, J.P.; Hopkins, W.D. *Primate Laterality: Current Behavioral Evidence of Primate Asymmetries*; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1993; ISBN 978-1-4612-4370-0.

109. Giljov, A.; Karenina, K.; Ingram, J.; Malashichev, Y. Parallel Emergence of True Handedness in the Evolution of Marsupials and Placentals. *Curr. Biol.* **2015**, *25*, 1878–1884. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

110. Fagard, J.; Marks, A. Unimanual and Bimanual Tasks and the Assessment of Handedness in Toddlers. *Dev. Sci.* **2000**, *3*, 137–147. [CrossRef]

111. Fagot, J.; Vauclair, J. Manual Laterality in Nonhuman Primates: A Distinction between Handedness and Manual Specialization. *Psychol. Bull.* **1991**, *109*, 76–89. [CrossRef]

112. Meguerditchian, A.; Phillips, K.A.; Chapelain, A.; Mahovetz, L.M.; Milne, S.; Stoinski, T.; Bania, A.; Lonsdorf, E.; Schaeffer, J.; Russell, J.; et al. Handedness for Unimanual Grasping in 564 Great Apes: The Effect on Grip Morphology and a Comparison with Hand Use for a Bimanual Coordinated Task. *Front. Psychol.* **2015**, *6*, 1794. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

113. McGrew, W.C.; Marchant, L.F. Chimpanzees, Tools, and Termites: Hand Preference or Handedness? *Curr. Anthropol.* **1992**, *33*, 114–119. [CrossRef]

114. Vauclair, J.; Meguerditchian, A.; Hopkins, W.D. Hand Preferences for Unimanual and Coordinated Bimanual Tasks in Baboons (Papio anubis). *Cogn. Brain Res.* **2005**, *25*, 210–216. [CrossRef]

115. Giljov, A.; Karenina, K.; Malashichev, Y. Limb Preferences in a Marsupial, Macropus Rufogriseus: Evidence for Postural Effect. *Anim. Behav.* **2012**, *83*, 525–534. [CrossRef]

116. Blois-Heulin, C.; Guutton, J.S.; Nedellec-Bienvenue, D.; Ropars, L.; Vallet, E. Hand Preference in Unimanual and Bimanual Tasks and Postural Effect on Manual Laterality in Captive Red-Capped Mangabeys (Cercacebus Torquatus Torquatus). *Am. J. Primatol.* **2006**, *68*, 429–444. [CrossRef]

117. Blois-Heulin, C.; Bernard, V.; Bec, P. Postural Effect on Manual Laterality in Different Tasks in Captive Grey-Cheeked Mangabey (Lophocebus Albigena). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2007**, *121*, 205–213. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Westergaard, G.C.; Kuhn, H.E.; Lundquist, A.L.; Suomi, S.J. Posture and Reaching in Tufted Capuchins (Cebus Apella). *Laterality* **1997**, *2*, 65–74. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

119. Joly, M.; Scheumann, M.; Zimmermann, E. Posture Does Not Matter! Paw Usage and Grasping Paw Preference in a Small-Bodied Rooting Quadrupedal Mammal. *PLoS ONE* **2012**, *7*, e38228. [CrossRef]

120. Konerding, W.S.; Hedrich, H.-J.; Bleich, E.; Zimmermann, E. Paw Preference Is Not Affected by Postural Demand in a Nonprimate Mammal (Felis Silvestris Catus). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2012**, *126*, 15–22. [CrossRef]

121. Ghirlanda, S.; Vallortigara, G. The Evolution of Brain Lateralization: A Game-Theoretical Analysis of Population Structure. *Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B* **2004**, *271*, 853–857. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

122. MacNeilage, P.F.; Rogers, L.J.; Vallortigara, G. Origins of the Left & Right Brain. *Sci. Am.* **2009**, *301*, 60–67. [CrossRef]

123. Rogers, L.J. Laterality in Animals. *Int. J. Comp. Psychol.* **1989**, *3*, 22.

124. Bisazza, A.; Cantalupo, C.; Capocchiano, M.; Vallortigara, G. Population Lateralisation and Social Behaviour: A Study with 16 Species of Fish. *Laterality* **2000**, *5*, 269–284. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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137. Forrester, G.S.; Quaresmini, C.; Leavens, D.A.; Spiezio, C.; Vallortigara, G. Target Animacy Influences Chimpanzee Handedness. *Anim. Cogn.* **2012**, *15*, 1121–1127. [CrossRef]

138. Baldachini, M.; Regaiolli, B.; Llorente, M.; Riba, D.; Spiezio, C. The Influence of Target Animacy and Social Rank on Hand Preference in Barbary Macaques (Macaca Sylvanus). *Int. J. Primatol.* **2021**, *42*, 155–170. [CrossRef]

139. Demaree, H.A.; Everhart, D.E.; Youngstrom, E.A.; Harrison, D.W. Brain Lateralization of Emotional Processing: Historical Roots and a Future Incorporating "Dominance". *Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev.* **2005**, *4*, 3–20. [CrossRef]

140. Goursot, C.; Düpjan, S.; Puppe, B.; Leliveld, L.M.C. Affective Styles and Emotional Lateralization: A Promising Framework for Animal Welfare Research. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *237*, 105279. [CrossRef]

141. Borod, J.C.; Koff, E.; Caron, H.S. Right Hemispheric Specialization for the Expression and Appreciation of Emotion: A Focus on the Face Cognitive Processing in the Right Hemisphere. In *Cognitive Processing in the Right Hemisphere*; ScienceOpen: Berlin, Germany, 1983; pp. 83–110.

142. Lindell, A. Chapter 9—Lateralization of the Expression of Facial Emotion in Humans. In *Progress in Brain Research*; Forrester, G.S., Hopkins, W.D., Hudry, K., Lindell, A., Eds.; Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; Volume 238, pp. 249–270.

143. Alves, N.T.; Fukusima, S.S.; Aznar-Casanova, J.A. Models of Brain Asymmetry in Emotional Processing. *Psychol. Neurosci.* **2008**, *1*, 63–66. [CrossRef]

144. Fernández-Carriba, S.; Loeches, Á.; Morcillo, A.; Hopkins, W.D. Asymmetry in Facial Expression of Emotions by Chimpanzees. *Neuropsychologia* **2002**, *40*, 1523–1533. [CrossRef]

145. Gruber, T.; Grandjean, D. A Comparative Neurological Approach to Emotional Expressions in Primate Vocalizations. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2017**, *73*, 182–190. [CrossRef]

146. Hauser, M.D. Right Hemisphere Dominance for the Production of Facial Expression in Monkeys. *Science* **1993**, *261*, 475–477. [CrossRef]

147. Hauser, M.D.; Akre, K. Asymmetries in the Timing of Facial and Vocal Expressions by Rhesus Monkeys: Implications for Hemispheric Specialization. *Anim. Behav.* **2001**, *61*, 391–400. [CrossRef]

148. Leliveld, L.M.C.; Langbein, J.; Puppe, B. The Emergence of Emotional Lateralization: Evidence in Non-Human Vertebrates and Implications for Farm Animals. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2013**, *145*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

149. Best, C.T.; Womer, J.S.; Queen, H.F. Hemispheric Aymmetries in Adults’ Perception of Infant Emotional Expressions. *J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform.* **1994**, *20*, 751–765. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

150. Wallez, C.; Vauclair, J.; Bourjade, M. Baboon (Papio anubis) Chimeric Face Processing by Human (Homo Sapiens) Judges: Influence of Stimuli Complexity on the Perception of Oro-Facial Asymmetries. *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2019**, *133*, 36–45. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

151. Morris, R.D.; Hopkins, W.D. Perception of Human Chimeric Faces by Chimpanzees: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Advantage. *Brain Cogn.* **1993**, *21*, 111–122. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

152. Wallez, C.; Vauclair, J. Right Hemisphere Dominance for Emotion Processing in Baboons. *Brain Cogn.* **2011**, *75*, 164–169. [CrossRef]

153. Gil-da-Costa, R.; Hauser, M.D. Vervet Monkeys and Humans Show Brain Asymmetries for Processing Conspecific Vocalizations, but with Opposite Patterns of Laterality. *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2006**, *273*, 2313–2318. [CrossRef]

154. Siniscalchi, M.; d’Ingeo, S.; Quaranta, A. Lateralized Functions in the Dog Brain. *Symmetry* **2017**, *9*, 71. [CrossRef]

155. Siniscalchi, M.; d’Ingeo, S.; Quaranta, A. Lateralized Emotional Functioning in Domestic Animals. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *237*, 105282. [CrossRef]

156. Ehrlichman, H. Hemispheric Asymmetry and Positive-Negative Affect. In *Duality and Unity of the Brain: Unified Functioning and Specialisation of the Hemispheres*; Ottoson, D., Ed.; Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series; Palgrave Macmillan: London, UK, 1987; pp. 194–206. ISBN 978-1-349-08940-6.
129. Vuoksimaa, E.; Koskenvuo, M.; Rose, R.J.; Kaprio, J. Origins of Handedness: A Nationwide Study of 30161 Adults. *Neuropsychologia* **2009**, *47*, 1294–1301. [CrossRef]

130. Ghirlanda, S.; Frasnelli, E.; Vallortigara, G. Intraspecific Competition and Coordination in the Evolution of Lateralization. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2009**, *364*, 861–866. [CrossRef]

131. Loffing, F.; Hagemann, N.; Strauss, B. Automated Processes in Tennis: Do Left-Handed Players Benefit from the Tactical Preferences of Their Opponents? *Null* **2010**, *28*, 435–443. [CrossRef]

132. Richardson, T.; Gilman, R.T. Left-Handedness Is Associated with Greater Fighting Success in Humans. *Sci. Rep.* **2019**, *9*, 15402. [CrossRef]

133. Billiard, S.; Faurie, C.; Raymond, M. Maintenance of Handedness Polymorphism in Humans: A Frequency-Dependent Selection Model. *J. Theor. Biol.* **2005**, *235*, 85–93. [CrossRef]

134. Frasnelli, E.; Vallortigara, G. Individual-Level and Population-Level Lateralization: Two Sides of the Same Coin. *Symmetry* **2018**, *10*, 739. [CrossRef]

135. Abrams, D.M.; Panaggio, M.J. A Model Balancing Cooperation and Competition Can Explain Our Right-Handed World and the Dominance of Left-Handed Athletes. *J. R. Soc. Interface* **2012**, *9*, 2718–2722. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

136. Forrester, G.S.; Leavens, D.A.; Quaresmini, C.; Vallortigara, G. Target Animacy Influences Gorilla Handedness. *Anim. Cogn.* **2011**, *14*, 903–907. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

137. Forrester, G.S.; Quaresmini, C.; Leavens, D.A.; Spiezio, C.; Vallortigara, G. Target Animacy Influences Chimpanzee Handedness. *Anim. Cogn.* **2012**, *15*, 1121–1127. [CrossRef]

138. Baldachini, M.; Regaiolli, B.; Llorente, M.; Riba, D.; Spiezio, C. The Influence of Target Animacy and Social Rank on Hand Preference in Barbary Macaques (Macaca Sylvanus). *Int. J. Primatol.* **2021**, *42*, 155–170. [CrossRef]

139. Demaree, H.A.; Everhart, D.E.; Youngstrom, E.A.; Harrison, D.W. Brain Lateralization of Emotional Processing: Historical Roots and a Future Incorporating "Dominance". *Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev.* **2005**, *4*, 3–20. [CrossRef]

140. Goursot, C.; Düpjan, S.; Puppe, B.; Leliveld, L.M.C. Affective Styles and Emotional Lateralization: A Promising Framework for Animal Welfare Research. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *237*, 105279. [CrossRef]

141. Borod, J.C.; Koff, E.; Caron, H.S. Right Hemispheric Specialization for the Expression and Appreciation of Emotion: A Focus on the Face Cognitive Processing in the Right Hemisphere. In *Cognitive Processing in the Right Hemisphere*; ScienceOpen: Berlin, Germany, 1983; pp. 83–110.

142. Lindell, A. Chapter 9—Lateralization of the Expression of Facial Emotion in Humans. In *Progress in Brain Research*; Forrester, G.S., Hopkins, W.D., Hudry, K., Lindell, A., Eds.; Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; Volume 238, pp. 249–270.

143. Alves, N.T.; Fukusima, S.S.; Aznar-Casanova, J.A. Models of Brain Asymmetry in Emotional Processing. *Psychol. Neurosci.* **2008**, *1*, 63–66. [CrossRef]

144. Fernández-Carriba, S.; Loeches, Á.; Morcillo, A.; Hopkins, W.D. Asymmetry in Facial Expression of Emotions by Chimpanzees. *Neuropsychologia* **2002**, *40*, 1523–1533. [CrossRef]

145. Gruber, T.; Grandjean, D. A Comparative Neurological Approach to Emotional Expressions in Primate Vocalizations. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2017**, *73*, 182–190. [CrossRef]

146. Hauser, M.D. Right Hemisphere Dominance for the Production of Facial Expression in Monkeys. *Science* **1993**, *261*, 475–477. [CrossRef]

147. Hauser, M.D.; Akre, K. Asymmetries in the Timing of Facial and Vocal Expressions by Rhesus Monkeys: Implications for Hemispheric Specialization. *Anim. Behav.* **2001**, *61*, 391–400. [CrossRef]

148. Leliveld, L.M.C.; Langbein, J.; Puppe, B. The Emergence of Emotional Lateralization: Evidence in Non-Human Vertebrates and Implications for Farm Animals. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2013**, *145*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

149. Best, C.T.; Womer, J.S.; Queen, H.F. Hemispheric Aymmetries in Adults’ Perception of Infant Emotional Expressions. *J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform.* **1994**, *20*, 751–765. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

150. Wallez, C.; Vauclair, J.; Bourjade, M. Baboon (Papio anubis) Chimeric Face Processing by Human (Homo Sapiens) Judges: Influence of Stimuli Complexity on the Perception of Oro-Facial Asymmetries. *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2019**, *133*, 36–45. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

151. Morris, R.D.; Hopkins, W.D. Perception of Human Chimeric Faces by Chimpanzees: Evidence for a Right Hemisphere Advantage. *Brain Cogn.* **1993**, *21*, 111–122. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

152. Wallez, C.; Vauclair, J. Right Hemisphere Dominance for Emotion Processing in Baboons. *Brain Cogn.* **2011**, *75*, 164–169. [CrossRef]

153. Gil-da-Costa, R.; Hauser, M.D. Vervet Monkeys and Humans Show Brain Asymmetries for Processing Conspecific Vocalizations, but with Opposite Patterns of Laterality. *Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2006**, *273*, 2313–2318. [CrossRef]

154. Siniscalchi, M.; d’Ingeo, S.; Quaranta, A. Lateralized Functions in the Dog Brain. *Symmetry* **2017**, *9*, 71. [CrossRef]

155. Siniscalchi, M.; d’Ingeo, S.; Quaranta, A. Lateralized Emotional Functioning in Domestic Animals. *Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *237*, 105282. [CrossRef]

156. Ehrlichman, H. Hemispheric Asymmetry and Positive-Negative Affect. In *Duality and Unity of the Brain: Unified Functioning and Specialisation of the Hemispheres*; Ottoson, D., Ed.; Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series; Palgrave Macmillan: London, UK, 1987; pp. 194–206. ISBN 978-1-349-08940-6.
157. Schwartz, G.E.; Ahern, G.L.; Brown, S.-L. Lateralized Facial Muscle Response to Positive and Negative Emotional Stimuli. *Psychophysiology* **1979**, *16*, 561–571. [CrossRef]

158. Silberman, E.K.; Weingartner, H. Hemispheric Lateralization of Functions Related to Emotion. *Brain Cogn.* **1986**, *5*, 322–353. [CrossRef]

159. Hopkins, W.D.; Bennett, A.J. Handedness and Approach-Avoidance Behavior in Chipanzees (Pan). *J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process.* **1994**, *20*, 413–418. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

160. Braccini, S.N.; Caine, N.G. Hand Preference Predicts Reactions to Novel Foods and Predators in Marmosets (Callithrix Geoffroyi). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2009**, *123*, 18–25. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

161. Rogers, L.J. Hand and Paw Preferences in Relation to the Lateralized Brain. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2009**, *364*, 943–954. [CrossRef]

162. Harmon-Jones, E.; Harmon-Jones, C.; Price, T.F. What Is Approach Motivation? *Emot. Rev.* **2013**, *5*, 291–295. [CrossRef]

163. Harmon-Jones, E.; Gable, P.A. On the Role of Asymmetric Frontal Cortical Activity in Approach and Withdrawal Motivation: An Updated Review of the Evidence. *Psychophysiology* **2018**, *55*, e12879. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

164. Rohlfs, P.; Ramírez, J.M. Aggression and Brain Asymmetries: A Theoretical Review. *Aggress. Violent Behav.* **2006**, *11*, 283–297. [CrossRef]

165. Gable, P.A.; Dreisbach, G. Approach Motivation and Positive Affect. *Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *39*, 203–208. [CrossRef]

166. Killgore, W.D.S.; Yurgelun-Todd, D.A. The Right-Hemisphere and Valence Hypotheses: Could They Both Be Right (and Sometimes Left)? *Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci.* **2007**, *2*, 240–250. [CrossRef]

167. Duboscq, J.; Romano, V.; Sueur, C.; MacIntosh, A.J.J. Scratch That Itch: Revisiting Links between Self-Directed Behaviour and Parasitological, Social and Environmental Factors in a Free-Ranging Primate. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2016**, *3*, 160571. [CrossRef]

168. Maestripieri, D.; Schino, G.; Aureli, F.; Troisi, A. A Modest Proposal: Displacement Activities as an Indicator of Emotions in Primates. *Anim. Behav.* **1992**, *44*, 967–979. [CrossRef]

169. Palagi, E.; Norscia, I. Scratching around Stress: Hierarchy and Reconciliation Make the Difference in Wild Brown Lemurs (Eulemur Fulvus). *Stress* **2011**, *14*, 93–97. [CrossRef]

170. Schino, G.; Perretta, G.; Taglioni, A.M.; Monaco, V.; Troisi, A. Primate Displacement Activities as an Ethopharmacological Model of Anxiety. *Anxiety* **1996**, *2*, 186–191. [CrossRef]

171. Sclafani, V.; Norscia, I.; Antonacci, D.; Palagi, E. Scratching around Mating: Factors Affecting Anxiety in Wild Lemur Catta. *Primates* **2012**, *53*, 247–254. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

172. Troisi, A. Displacement Activities as a Behavioral Measure of Stress in Nonhuman Primates and Human Subjects. *Stress* **2002**, *5*, 47–54. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

173. Dimond, S.; Harries, R. Face Touching in Monkeys, Apes and Man Evolutionary Origins and Cerebral Asymmetry. *Neuropsychologia* **1984**, *22*, 227–233. [CrossRef]

174. Rogers, L.J.; Kaplan, G. Hand Preferences and Other Lateral Biases in Rehabilitated Orang-Utans, Pongo Pygmaeus Pygmaeus. *Anim. Behav.* **1996**, *51*, 13–25. [CrossRef]

175. Wagner, K.E.; Hopper, L.M.; Ross, S.R. Asymmetries in the Production of Self-Directed Behavior by Chimpanzees and Gorillas during a Computerized Cognitive Test. *Anim. Cogn.* **2016**, *19*, 343–350. [CrossRef]

176. Forrester, G.S.; Pegler, R.; Thomas, M.S.C.; Mareschal, D. Handedness as a Marker of Cerebral Lateralization in Children with and without Autism. *Behav. Brain Res.* **2014**, *268*, 14–21. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

177. Reissland, N.; Aydin, E.; Francis, B.; Exley, K. Laterality of Foetal Self-Touch in Relation to Maternal Stress. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 82–94. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

178. Aruguete, M.S.; Ely, E.A.; King, J.E. Laterality in Spontaneous Motor Activity of Chimpanzees and Squirrel Monkeys. *Am. J. Primatol.* **1992**, *27*, 177–188. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

179. Hopkins, W.D.; Russell, J.L.; Freeman, H.; Reynolds, E.A.M.; Griffis, C.; Leavens, D.A. Lateralized Scratching in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes): Evidence of a Functional Asymmetry during Arousal. *Emotion* **2006**, *6*, 553–559. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

180. Leavens, D.A.; Aureli, F.; Hopkins, W.D.; Hyatt, C.W. Effects of Cognitive Challenge on Self-Directed Behaviors by Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *Am. J. Primatol.* **2001**, *55*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

181. Bard, K.A.; Hopkins, W.D.; Fort, C.L. Lateral Bias in Infant Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1990**, *104*, 309–321. [CrossRef]

182. Baik, J.-H. Stress and the Dopaminergic Reward System. *Exp. Mol. Med.* **2020**, *52*, 1879–1890. [CrossRef]

183. Sullivan, R.M. Hemispheric Asymmetry in Stress Processing in Rat Prefrontal Cortex and the Role of Mesocortical Dopamine. *Stress* **2004**, *7*, 131–143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

184. Zhang, X.; Bachmann, P.; Schilling, T.M.; Naumann, E.; Schächinger, H.; Larra, M.F. Emotional Stress Regulation: The Role of Relative Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Shaping the Stress Response. *Biol. Psychol.* **2018**, *138*, 231–239. [CrossRef]

185. Everson, E.A. *Self-Directed Behaviors, Handedness and Lateralization in the Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)*; UC San Diego: San Diego, CA, USA, 2011.

186. Hopkins, W.D.; de Waal, F.B.M. Behavioral Laterality in Captive Bonobos (Pan Paniscus): Replication and Extension. *Int. J. Primatol.* **1995**, *16*, 261–276. [CrossRef]

187. Suarez, S.D.; Gallup, G.G. Face Touching in Primates: A Closer Look. *Neuropsychologia* **1986**, *24*, 597–600. [CrossRef]
157. Schwartz, G.E.; Ahern, G.L.; Brown, S.-L. Lateralized Facial Muscle Response to Positive and Negative Emotional Stimuli. *Psychophysiology* **1979**, *16*, 561–571. [CrossRef]

158. Silberman, E.K.; Weingartner, H. Hemispheric Lateralization of Functions Related to Emotion. *Brain Cogn.* **1986**, *5*, 322–353. [CrossRef]

159. Hopkins, W.D.; Bennett, A.J. Handedness and Approach-Avoidance Behavior in Chipanzees (Pan). *J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process.* **1994**, *20*, 413–418. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

160. Braccini, S.N.; Caine, N.G. Hand Preference Predicts Reactions to Novel Foods and Predators in Marmosets (Callithrix Geoffroyi). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **2009**, *123*, 18–25. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

161. Rogers, L.J. Hand and Paw Preferences in Relation to the Lateralized Brain. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2009**, *364*, 943–954. [CrossRef]

162. Harmon-Jones, E.; Harmon-Jones, C.; Price, T.F. What Is Approach Motivation? *Emot. Rev.* **2013**, *5*, 291–295. [CrossRef]

163. Harmon-Jones, E.; Gable, P.A. On the Role of Asymmetric Frontal Cortical Activity in Approach and Withdrawal Motivation: An Updated Review of the Evidence. *Psychophysiology* **2018**, *55*, e12879. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

164. Rohlfs, P.; Ramírez, J.M. Aggression and Brain Asymmetries: A Theoretical Review. *Aggress. Violent Behav.* **2006**, *11*, 283–297. [CrossRef]

165. Gable, P.A.; Dreisbach, G. Approach Motivation and Positive Affect. *Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci.* **2021**, *39*, 203–208. [CrossRef]

166. Killgore, W.D.S.; Yurgelun-Todd, D.A. The Right-Hemisphere and Valence Hypotheses: Could They Both Be Right (and Sometimes Left)? *Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci.* **2007**, *2*, 240–250. [CrossRef]

167. Duboscq, J.; Romano, V.; Sueur, C.; MacIntosh, A.J.J. Scratch That Itch: Revisiting Links between Self-Directed Behaviour and Parasitological, Social and Environmental Factors in a Free-Ranging Primate. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2016**, *3*, 160571. [CrossRef]

168. Maestripieri, D.; Schino, G.; Aureli, F.; Troisi, A. A Modest Proposal: Displacement Activities as an Indicator of Emotions in Primates. *Anim. Behav.* **1992**, *44*, 967–979. [CrossRef]

169. Palagi, E.; Norscia, I. Scratching around Stress: Hierarchy and Reconciliation Make the Difference in Wild Brown Lemurs (Eulemur Fulvus). *Stress* **2011**, *14*, 93–97. [CrossRef]

170. Schino, G.; Perretta, G.; Taglioni, A.M.; Monaco, V.; Troisi, A. Primate Displacement Activities as an Ethopharmacological Model of Anxiety. *Anxiety* **1996**, *2*, 186–191. [CrossRef]

171. Sclafani, V.; Norscia, I.; Antonacci, D.; Palagi, E. Scratching around Mating: Factors Affecting Anxiety in Wild Lemur Catta. *Primates* **2012**, *53*, 247–254. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

172. Troisi, A. Displacement Activities as a Behavioral Measure of Stress in Nonhuman Primates and Human Subjects. *Stress* **2002**, *5*, 47–54. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

173. Dimond, S.; Harries, R. Face Touching in Monkeys, Apes and Man Evolutionary Origins and Cerebral Asymmetry. *Neuropsychologia* **1984**, *22*, 227–233. [CrossRef]

174. Rogers, L.J.; Kaplan, G. Hand Preferences and Other Lateral Biases in Rehabilitated Orang-Utans, Pongo Pygmaeus Pygmaeus. *Anim. Behav.* **1996**, *51*, 13–25. [CrossRef]

175. Wagner, K.E.; Hopper, L.M.; Ross, S.R. Asymmetries in the Production of Self-Directed Behavior by Chimpanzees and Gorillas during a Computerized Cognitive Test. *Anim. Cogn.* **2016**, *19*, 343–350. [CrossRef]

176. Forrester, G.S.; Pegler, R.; Thomas, M.S.C.; Mareschal, D. Handedness as a Marker of Cerebral Lateralization in Children with and without Autism. *Behav. Brain Res.* **2014**, *268*, 14–21. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

177. Reissland, N.; Aydin, E.; Francis, B.; Exley, K. Laterality of Foetal Self-Touch in Relation to Maternal Stress. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 82–94. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

178. Aruguete, M.S.; Ely, E.A.; King, J.E. Laterality in Spontaneous Motor Activity of Chimpanzees and Squirrel Monkeys. *Am. J. Primatol.* **1992**, *27*, 177–188. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

179. Hopkins, W.D.; Russell, J.L.; Freeman, H.; Reynolds, E.A.M.; Griffis, C.; Leavens, D.A. Lateralized Scratching in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes): Evidence of a Functional Asymmetry during Arousal. *Emotion* **2006**, *6*, 553–559. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

180. Leavens, D.A.; Aureli, F.; Hopkins, W.D.; Hyatt, C.W. Effects of Cognitive Challenge on Self-Directed Behaviors by Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *Am. J. Primatol.* **2001**, *55*, 1–14. [CrossRef]

181. Bard, K.A.; Hopkins, W.D.; Fort, C.L. Lateral Bias in Infant Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes). *J. Comp. Psychol.* **1990**, *104*, 309–321. [CrossRef]

182. Baik, J.-H. Stress and the Dopaminergic Reward System. *Exp. Mol. Med.* **2020**, *52*, 1879–1890. [CrossRef]

183. Sullivan, R.M. Hemispheric Asymmetry in Stress Processing in Rat Prefrontal Cortex and the Role of Mesocortical Dopamine. *Stress* **2004**, *7*, 131–143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

184. Zhang, X.; Bachmann, P.; Schilling, T.M.; Naumann, E.; Schächinger, H.; Larra, M.F. Emotional Stress Regulation: The Role of Relative Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Shaping the Stress Response. *Biol. Psychol.* **2018**, *138*, 231–239. [CrossRef]

185. Everson, E.A. *Self-Directed Behaviors, Handedness and Lateralization in the Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)*; UC San Diego: San Diego, CA, USA, 2011.

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189. Hopkins, W.D. Comparative and Familial Analysis of Handedness in Great Apes. *Psychol. Bull.* **2006**, *132*, 538–559. [CrossRef]

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191. Benelli, G.; Donati, E.; Romano, D.; Stefanini, C.; Messing, R.H.; Canale, A. Lateralisation of Aggressive Displays in a Tephritid Fly. *Sci. Nat.* **2015**, *102*, 1. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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198. Richards, J.L.; Finger, S. Mother-Child Holding Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Photographic Survey. *Child Dev.* **1975**, *46*, 1001–1004. [CrossRef]

199. Bryden, M.P.; Ley, R.G. Right Hemispheric Involvement in the Perception and Expression of Emotion in Normal Humans. In *Neuropsychology of Human Emotion*; Heilman, K.M., Satz, P., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1983.

200. Sackeim, H.A.; Gur, R.C.; Saucy, M.C. Emotions Are Expressed More Intensely on the Left Side of the Face. *Science* **1978**, *202*, 434–436. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

201. Vauclair, J.; Donnot, J. Infant Holding Biases and Their Relations to Hemispheric Specializations for Perceiving Facial Emotions. *Neuropsychologia* **2005**, *43*, 564–571. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

202. Reissland, N.; Hopkins, B.; Helms, P.; Williams, B. Maternal Stress and Depression and the Lateralisation of Infant Cradling. *J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry* **2009**, *50*, 263–269. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

203. Suter, S.E.; Huggenberger, H.J.; Schächinger, H. Cold Pressor Stress Reduces Left Cradling Preference in Nulliparous Human Females. *Stress* **2007**, *10*, 45–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

204. Weatherill, R.; Almerigi, J.; Levendosky, A.; Bogat, G.A.; von Eye, A.; Harris, L.J. Is Maternal Depression Related to Side of Infant Holding? *Int. J. Behav. Dev.* **2004**, *28*, 421–427. [CrossRef]

205. Fleva, E.; Khan, A. An Examination of the Leftward Cradling Bias among Typically Developing Adults High on Autistic Traits. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 711–722. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

206. Malatesta, G.; Marzoli, D.; Apicella, F.; Abiuso, C.; Muratori, F.; Forrester, G.S.; Vallortigara, G.; Scattoni, M.L.; Tommasi, L. Received Cradling Bias During the First Year of Life: A Retrospective Study on Children with Typical and Atypical Development. *Front. Psychiatry* **2020**, *11*, 91. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

207. Malatesta, G.; Marzoli, D.; Tommasi, L. The Association between Received Maternal Cradling and Neurodevelopment: Is Left Better? *Med. Hypotheses* **2020**, *134*, 109442. [CrossRef]

208. Pileggi, L.-A.; Malcolm-Smith, S.; Solms, M. Investigating the Role of Social-Affective Attachment Processes in Cradling Bias: The Absence of Cradling Bias in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 154–170. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

209. Vervloed, M.P.J.; Hendriks, A.W.; van den Eijnde, E. The Effects of Mothers’ Past Infant-Holding Preferences on Their Adult Children’s Face Processing Lateralisation. *Brain Cogn.* **2011**, *75*, 248–254. [CrossRef]

210. Karenina, K.; Giljov, A.; Ingram, J.; Rowntree, V.J.; Malashichev, Y. Lateralization of Mother-Infant Interactions in a Diverse Range of Mammal Species. *Nat. Ecol. Evol.* **2017**, *1*, 30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

211. Broca, P. Sur Le Siège de La Faculté Du Langage Articulé. *Proc. Bull. Soc. Anthropol. Paris* **1865**, *6*, 377–393. [CrossRef]

212. Cooper, D.L. Broca's Arrow: Evolution, Prediction, and Language in the Brain. *Anat. Rec.* **2006**, *289B*, 9–24. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

213. Lieberman, P. On the Nature and Evolution of the Neural Bases of Human Language. *Am. J. Phys. Anthr.* **2002**, *119*, 36–62. [CrossRef]

214. Lieberman, P. The Evolution of Human Speech: Its Anatomical and Neural Bases. *Curr. Anthropol.* **2007**, *48*, 39–66. [CrossRef]

215. Vigneau, M.; Beaucousin, V.; Hervé, P.Y.; Duffau, H.; Crivello, F.; Houdé, O.; Mazoyer, B.; Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. Meta-Analyzing Left Hemisphere Language Areas: Phonology, Semantics, and Sentence Processing. *NeuroImage* **2006**, *30*, 1414–1432. [CrossRef]

216. Vigneau, M.; Beaucousin, V.; Hervé, P.-Y.; Jobard, G.; Petit, L.; Crivello, F.; Mellet, E.; Zago, L.; Mazoyer, B.; Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. What Is Right-Hemisphere Contribution to Phonological, Lexico-Semantic, and Sentence Processing?: Insights from a Meta-Analysis. *NeuroImage* **2011**, *54*, 577–593. [CrossRef]

217. Wernicke, C. *Der Aphasische Symptomencomplex: Eine Psychologische Studie Auf Anatomischer Basis*; Cohn & Weigert: Breslau, Poland, 1874.

218. Corballis, M.C. From Mouth to Hand: Gesture, Speech, and the Evolution of Right-Handedness. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **2003**, *26*, 199–208. [CrossRef]
188. Hopkins, W.; Cantalupo, C. Individual and Setting Differences in the Hand Preferences of Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes): A Critical Analysis and Some Alternative Explanations. *Laterality* **2005**, *10*, 65–80. [CrossRef]

189. Hopkins, W.D. Comparative and Familial Analysis of Handedness in Great Apes. *Psychol. Bull.* **2006**, *132*, 538–559. [CrossRef]

190. Salva, O.; Regolin, L.; Mascalzoni, E.; Vallortigara, G. Cerebral and Behavioural Asymmetries in Animal Social Recognition. *CCBR* **2012**, *7*, 110–138. [CrossRef]

191. Benelli, G.; Donati, E.; Romano, D.; Stefanini, C.; Messing, R.H.; Canale, A. Lateralisation of Aggressive Displays in a Tephritid Fly. *Sci. Nat.* **2015**, *102*, 1. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

192. Frasnelli, E. Brain and Behavioral Lateralization in Invertebrates. *Front. Psychol.* **2013**, *4*, 939. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

193. Packheiser, J.; Schmitz, J.; Berretz, G.; Papadatou-Pastou, M.; Ocklenburg, S. Handedness and Sex Effects on Lateral Biases in Human Cradling: Three Meta-Analyses. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2019**, *104*, 30–42. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

194. Almerigi, J.B.; Carbary, T.J.; Harris, L.J. Most Adults Show Opposite-Side Biases in the Imagined Holding of Infants and Objects. *Brain Cogn.* **2002**, *48*, 258–263. [PubMed]

195. Salk, L. The Effects of the Normal Heartbeat Sound on the Behaviour of the Newborn Infant: Implications for Mental Health. *World Ment. Health* **1960**, *12*, 168–175.

196. Salk, L. The Role of the Heartbeat in the Relations between Mother and Infant. *Sci. Am.* **1973**, *228*, 24–29. [CrossRef]

197. Todd, B.; Butterworth, G. Her Heart Is in the Right Place: An Investigation of the ‘Heartbeat Hypothesis’ as an Explanation of the Left Side Cradling Preference in a Mother with Dextrocardia. *Early Dev. Parent.* **1998**, *7*, 229–233. [CrossRef]

198. Richards, J.L.; Finger, S. Mother-Child Holding Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Photographic Survey. *Child Dev.* **1975**, *46*, 1001–1004. [CrossRef]

199. Bryden, M.P.; Ley, R.G. Right Hemispheric Involvement in the Perception and Expression of Emotion in Normal Humans. In *Neuropsychology of Human Emotion*; Heilman, K.M., Satz, P., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1983.

200. Sackeim, H.A.; Gur, R.C.; Saucy, M.C. Emotions Are Expressed More Intensely on the Left Side of the Face. *Science* **1978**, *202*, 434–436. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

201. Vauclair, J.; Donnot, J. Infant Holding Biases and Their Relations to Hemispheric Specializations for Perceiving Facial Emotions. *Neuropsychologia* **2005**, *43*, 564–571. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

202. Reissland, N.; Hopkins, B.; Helms, P.; Williams, B. Maternal Stress and Depression and the Lateralisation of Infant Cradling. *J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry* **2009**, *50*, 263–269. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

203. Suter, S.E.; Huggenberger, H.J.; Schächinger, H. Cold Pressor Stress Reduces Left Cradling Preference in Nulliparous Human Females. *Stress* **2007**, *10*, 45–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

204. Weatherill, R.; Almerigi, J.; Levendosky, A.; Bogat, G.A.; von Eye, A.; Harris, L.J. Is Maternal Depression Related to Side of Infant Holding? *Int. J. Behav. Dev.* **2004**, *28*, 421–427. [CrossRef]

205. Fleva, E.; Khan, A. An Examination of the Leftward Cradling Bias among Typically Developing Adults High on Autistic Traits. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 711–722. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

206. Malatesta, G.; Marzoli, D.; Apicella, F.; Abiuso, C.; Muratori, F.; Forrester, G.S.; Vallortigara, G.; Scattoni, M.L.; Tommasi, L. Received Cradling Bias During the First Year of Life: A Retrospective Study on Children with Typical and Atypical Development. *Front. Psychiatry* **2020**, *11*, 91. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

207. Malatesta, G.; Marzoli, D.; Tommasi, L. The Association between Received Maternal Cradling and Neurodevelopment: Is Left Better? *Med. Hypotheses* **2020**, *134*, 109442. [CrossRef]

208. Pileggi, L.-A.; Malcolm-Smith, S.; Solms, M. Investigating the Role of Social-Affective Attachment Processes in Cradling Bias: The Absence of Cradling Bias in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. *Laterality* **2015**, *20*, 154–170. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

209. Vervloed, M.P.J.; Hendriks, A.W.; van den Eijnde, E. The Effects of Mothers’ Past Infant-Holding Preferences on Their Adult Children’s Face Processing Lateralisation. *Brain Cogn.* **2011**, *75*, 248–254. [CrossRef]

210. Karenina, K.; Giljov, A.; Ingram, J.; Rowntree, V.J.; Malashichev, Y. Lateralization of Mother-Infant Interactions in a Diverse Range of Mammal Species. *Nat. Ecol. Evol.* **2017**, *1*, 30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

211. Broca, P. Sur Le Siège de La Faculté Du Langage Articulé. *Proc. Bull. Soc. Anthropol. Paris* **1865**, *6*, 377–393. [CrossRef]

212. Cooper, D.L. Broca's Arrow: Evolution, Prediction, and Language in the Brain. *Anat. Rec.* **2006**, *289B*, 9–24. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

213. Lieberman, P. On the Nature and Evolution of the Neural Bases of Human Language. *Am. J. Phys. Anthr.* **2002**, *119*, 36–62. [CrossRef]

214. Lieberman, P. The Evolution of Human Speech: Its Anatomical and Neural Bases. *Curr. Anthropol.* **2007**, *48*, 39–66. [CrossRef]

215. Vigneau, M.; Beaucousin, V.; Hervé, P.Y.; Duffau, H.; Crivello, F.; Houdé, O.; Mazoyer, B.; Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. Meta-Analyzing Left Hemisphere Language Areas: Phonology, Semantics, and Sentence Processing. *NeuroImage* **2006**, *30*, 1414–1432. [CrossRef]

216. Vigneau, M.; Beaucousin, V.; Hervé, P.-Y.; Jobard, G.; Petit, L.; Crivello, F.; Mellet, E.; Zago, L.; Mazoyer, B.; Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. What Is Right-Hemisphere Contribution to Phonological, Lexico-Semantic, and Sentence Processing?: Insights from a Meta-Analysis. *NeuroImage* **2011**, *54*, 577–593. [CrossRef]

217. Wernicke, C. *Der Aphasische Symptomencomplex: Eine Psychologische Studie Auf Anatomischer Basis*; Cohn & Weigert: Breslau, Poland, 1874.

218. Corballis, M.C. From Mouth to Hand: Gesture, Speech, and the Evolution of Right-Handedness. *Behav. Brain Sci.* **2003**, *26*, 199–208. [CrossRef]
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220. Nishitani, N.; Hari, R. Temporal Dynamics of Cortical Representation for Action. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2000**, *97*, 913–918.
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221. Rizzolatti, G.; Fadiga, L.; Gallese, V.; Fogassi, L. Premotor Cortex and the Recognition of Motor Actions. *Cogn. Brain Res.* **1996**, *3*, 131–141.
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222. Fabbri-Destro, M.; Rizzolatti, G. Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans. *Physiology* **2008**, *23*, 171–179.
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223. Gallese, V.; Fadiga, L.; Fogassi, L.; Rizzolatti, G. Action Recognition in the Premotor Cortex. *Brain* **1996**, *119*, 593–609.
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224. Rizzolatti, G.; Fadiga, L.; Matelli, M.; Bettinardi, V.; Paulesu, E.; Perani, D.; Fazio, F. Localization of Grasp Representations in Humans by PET: 1. Observation versus Execution. *Exp. Brain Res.* **1996**, *111*, 246–252.
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225. Errante, A.; Fogassi, L. Functional Lateralization of the Mirror Neuron System in Monkey and Humans. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 77.
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226. Molenberghs, P.; Cunningham, R.; Mattingley, J.B. Brain Regions with Mirror Properties: A Meta-Analysis of 125 Human FMRI Studies. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2012**, *36*, 341–349.
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227. Badzakova-Trajkov, G.; Häberling, I.; Roberts, R. Cerebral Asymmetries: Complementary and Independent Processes. *PLoS ONE* **2010**, *5*, e9682.
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228. Häberling, I.S.; Corballis, P.M.; Corballis, M.C. Language, Gesture, and Handedness: Evidence for Independent Lateralized Networks. *Cortex* **2016**, *82*, 72–85.
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229. Pritchett, B.L.; Hoeflin, C.; Koldewyn, K.; Dechter, E.; Fedorenko, E. High-Level Language Processing Regions Are Not Engaged in Action Observation or Imitation. *J. Neurophysiol.* **2018**, *120*, 2555–2570.
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230. Carey, D.P.; Johnstone, L.T. Quantifying Cerebral Asymmetries for Language in Dextrals and Adextrals with Random-Effects Meta Analysis. *Front. Psychol.* **2014**, *5*, 1128.
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231. Johnstone, L.T.; Karlsson, E.M.; Carey, D.P. Left-Handers Are Less Lateralized Than Right-Handers for Both Left and Right Hemispheric Functions. *Cereb. Cortex* **2021**, *31*, 3780–3787.
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232. Woodhead, Z.V.J.; Thompson, P.A.; Karlsson, E.M.; Bishop, D.V.M. An Updated Investigation of the Multidimensional Structure of Language Lateralization in Left- and Right-Handed Adults: A Test–Retest Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study with Six Language Tasks. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2021**, *8*, 200696.
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233. Corina, D.P.; Jose-Robertson, L.S.; Guillemin, A.; High, J.; Braun, A.R. Language Lateralization in a Bimanual Language. *J. Cogn. Neurosci.* **2003**, *15*, 718–730.
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234. Emmorey, K.; Mehta, S.; Grabowski, T.J. The Neural Correlates of Sign versus Word Production. *NeuroImage* **2007**, *36*, 202–208.
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235. Gentilucci, M.; Volta, R.D. Spoken Language and Arm Gestures Are Controlled by the Same Motor Control System. *Q. J. Exp. Psychol.* **2008**, *61*, 944–957.
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236. Meguerditchian, A.; Vauclair, J.; Hopkins, W.D. On the Origins of Human Handedness and Language: A Comparative Review of Hand Preferences for Bimanual Coordinated Actions and Gestural Communication in Nonhuman Primates: On the Origins of Human Handedness and Language. *Dev. Psychobiol.* **2013**, *55*, 637–650.
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237. Trettenbrein, P.C.; Papitto, G.; Friederici, A.D.; Zaccarella, E. Functional Neuroanatomy of Language without Speech: An ALE Meta-Analysis of Sign Language. *Hum. Brain Mapp.* **2021**, *42*, 699–712.
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238. Xu, J.; Gannon, P.J.; Emmorey, K.; Smith, J.F.; Braun, A.R. Symbolic Gestures and Spoken Language Are Processed by a Common Neural System. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2009**, *106*, 20664–20669.
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239. Bretherton, I.; Bates, E. The Emergence of Intentional Communication. *New Dir. Child Adolesc. Dev.* **1979**, *1979*, 81–100.
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240. Butterworth, G. Pointing Is the Royal Road to Language for Babies. In *Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and Cognition Meet*; Sotaro Kita: Mahwah, NJ, USA, 2003; pp. 9–32.

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242. Esseily, R.; Jacquet, A.-Y.; Fagard, J. Handedness for Grasping Objects and Pointing and the Development of Language in 14-Month-Old Infants. *Laterality* **2011**, *16*, 565–585.
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247. Nicoladis, E.; Shirazi, S. Hand Preference in Adults’ Referential Gestures during Storytelling: Testing for Effects of Bilingualism, Language Ability, Sex and Age. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 1776.
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248. Lausberg, H.; Kita, S. The Content of the Message Influences the Hand Choice in Co-Speech Gestures and in Gesturing without Speaking. *Brain Lang.* **2003**, *86*, 57–69.
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220. Nishitani, N.; Hari, R. Temporal Dynamics of Cortical Representation for Action. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2000**, *97*, 913–918.
[CrossRef]

221. Rizzolatti, G.; Fadiga, L.; Gallese, V.; Fogassi, L. Premotor Cortex and the Recognition of Motor Actions. *Cogn. Brain Res.* **1996**, *3*, 131–141.
[CrossRef]

222. Fabbri-Destro, M.; Rizzolatti, G. Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans. *Physiology* **2008**, *23*, 171–179.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

223. Gallese, V.; Fadiga, L.; Fogassi, L.; Rizzolatti, G. Action Recognition in the Premotor Cortex. *Brain* **1996**, *119*, 593–609.
[CrossRef]

224. Rizzolatti, G.; Fadiga, L.; Matelli, M.; Bettinardi, V.; Paulesu, E.; Perani, D.; Fazio, F. Localization of Grasp Representations in Humans by PET: 1. Observation versus Execution. *Exp. Brain Res.* **1996**, *111*, 246–252.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

225. Errante, A.; Fogassi, L. Functional Lateralization of the Mirror Neuron System in Monkey and Humans. *Symmetry* **2021**, *13*, 77.
[CrossRef]

226. Molenberghs, P.; Cunningham, R.; Mattingley, J.B. Brain Regions with Mirror Properties: A Meta-Analysis of 125 Human FMRI Studies. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2012**, *36*, 341–349.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

227. Badzakova-Trajkov, G.; Häberling, I.; Roberts, R. Cerebral Asymmetries: Complementary and Independent Processes. *PLoS ONE* **2010**, *5*, e9682.
[CrossRef]

228. Häberling, I.S.; Corballis, P.M.; Corballis, M.C. Language, Gesture, and Handedness: Evidence for Independent Lateralized Networks. *Cortex* **2016**, *82*, 72–85.
[CrossRef]

229. Pritchett, B.L.; Hoeflin, C.; Koldewyn, K.; Dechter, E.; Fedorenko, E. High-Level Language Processing Regions Are Not Engaged in Action Observation or Imitation. *J. Neurophysiol.* **2018**, *120*, 2555–2570.
[CrossRef]

230. Carey, D.P.; Johnstone, L.T. Quantifying Cerebral Asymmetries for Language in Dextrals and Adextrals with Random-Effects Meta Analysis. *Front. Psychol.* **2014**, *5*, 1128.
[CrossRef]

231. Johnstone, L.T.; Karlsson, E.M.; Carey, D.P. Left-Handers Are Less Lateralized Than Right-Handers for Both Left and Right Hemispheric Functions. *Cereb. Cortex* **2021**, *31*, 3780–3787.
[CrossRef]

232. Woodhead, Z.V.J.; Thompson, P.A.; Karlsson, E.M.; Bishop, D.V.M. An Updated Investigation of the Multidimensional Structure of Language Lateralization in Left- and Right-Handed Adults: A Test–Retest Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study with Six Language Tasks. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2021**, *8*, 200696.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

233. Corina, D.P.; Jose-Robertson, L.S.; Guillemin, A.; High, J.; Braun, A.R. Language Lateralization in a Bimanual Language. *J. Cogn. Neurosci.* **2003**, *15*, 718–730.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

234. Emmorey, K.; Mehta, S.; Grabowski, T.J. The Neural Correlates of Sign versus Word Production. *NeuroImage* **2007**, *36*, 202–208.
[CrossRef]

235. Gentilucci, M.; Volta, R.D. Spoken Language and Arm Gestures Are Controlled by the Same Motor Control System. *Q. J. Exp. Psychol.* **2008**, *61*, 944–957.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

236. Meguerditchian, A.; Vauclair, J.; Hopkins, W.D. On the Origins of Human Handedness and Language: A Comparative Review of Hand Preferences for Bimanual Coordinated Actions and Gestural Communication in Nonhuman Primates: On the Origins of Human Handedness and Language. *Dev. Psychobiol.* **2013**, *55*, 637–650.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

237. Trettenbrein, P.C.; Papitto, G.; Friederici, A.D.; Zaccarella, E. Functional Neuroanatomy of Language without Speech: An ALE Meta-Analysis of Sign Language. *Hum. Brain Mapp.* **2021**, *42*, 699–712.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

238. Xu, J.; Gannon, P.J.; Emmorey, K.; Smith, J.F.; Braun, A.R. Symbolic Gestures and Spoken Language Are Processed by a Common Neural System. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2009**, *106*, 20664–20669.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

239. Bretherton, I.; Bates, E. The Emergence of Intentional Communication. *New Dir. Child Adolesc. Dev.* **1979**, *1979*, 81–100.
[CrossRef]

240. Butterworth, G. Pointing Is the Royal Road to Language for Babies. In *Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and Cognition Meet*; Sotaro Kita: Mahwah, NJ, USA, 2003; pp. 9–32.

241. Cochet, H.; Jover, M.; Vauclair, J. Hand Preference for Pointing Gestures and Bimanual Manipulation around the Vocabulary Spurt Period. *J. Exp. Child Psychol.* **2011**, *110*, 393–407.
[CrossRef]

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276. Meguerditchian, A.; Vauclair, J. Baboons Communicate with Their Right Hand. *Behav. Brain Res.* **2006**, *171*, 170–174. [CrossRef]

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278. Gupta, S.; Sinha, A. Gestural Communication of Wild Bonnet Macaques in the Bandipur National Park, Southern India. *Behav. Process.* **2019**, *168*, 103956. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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251. Cochet, H.; Vauclair, J. Hand Preferences in Human Adults: Non-Communicative Actions versus Communicative Gestures. *Cortex* **2012**, *48*, 1017–1026. [CrossRef]

252. Cochet, H.; Vauclair, J. Deictic Gestures and Symbolic Gestures Produced by Adults in an Experimental Context: Hand Shapes and Hand Preferences. *Laterality* **2014**, *19*, 278–301. [CrossRef]

253. Vauclair, J.; Imbault, J. Relationship between Manual Preferences for Object Manipulation and Pointing Gestures in Infants and Toddlers. *Dev. Sci.* **2009**, *12*, 1060–1069. [CrossRef]

254. Bonvillian, J.D.; Richards, H.C.; Dooley, T.T. Early Sign Language Acquisition and the Development of Hand Preference in Young Children. *Brain Lang.* **1997**, *58*, 1–22. [CrossRef]

255. Jacquet, A.-Y.; Esseily, R.; Rider, D.; Fagard, J. Handedness for Grasping Objects and Declarative Pointing: A Longitudinal Study. *Dev. Psychobiol.* **2012**, *54*, 36–46. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

256. Meunier, H.; Vauclair, J.; Fagard, J. Human Infants and Baboons Show the Same Pattern of Handedness for a Communicative Gesture. *PLoS ONE* **2012**, *7*, e33959. [CrossRef]

257. Byrne, R.W.; Cartmill, E.A.; Genty, E.; Graham, K.E.; Hobaiter, C.; Tanner, J.E. Great Ape Gestures: Intentional Communication with a Rich Set of Innate Signals. *Anim. Cogn.* **2017**, *20*, 755–769. [CrossRef]

258. Cartmill, E.A.; Beilock, S.; Goldin-Meadow, S. A Word in the Hand: Action, Gesture and Mental Representation in Humans and Non-Human Primates. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.* **2012**, *367*, 129–143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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261. Liebal, K.; Call, J. The Origins of Non-Human Primates' Manual Gestures. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.* **2012**, *367*, 118–128.
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263. Pika, S.; Liebal, K. *Developments in Primate Gesture Research*; Gesture Studies; John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2012; Volume 6, ISBN 978-90-272-2848-2.

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265. Tomasello, M.; Call, J. Thirty Years of Great Ape Gestures. *Anim. Cogn.* **2018**, *22*, 461–469. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

266. Müller, C. Gestures in Human and Nonhuman Primates: Why We Need a Comparative View. *Gesture* **2005**, *5*, 259–283. [CrossRef]

267. Rodrigues, E.D.; Santos, A.J.; Veppo, F.; Pereira, J.; Hobaiter, C. Connecting Primate Gesture to the Evolutionary Roots of Language: A Systematic Review. *Am. J. Primatol.* **2021**, *83*, e23313. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

268. Scott, N.M.; Pika, S. A Call for Conformity. In *Developments in Primate Gesture Research*; Pika, S., Liebal, K., Eds.; John Benjamins Publishing: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2012; ISBN 978-90-272-7481-6.

269. Kersken, V.; Gómez, J.-C.; Liszkowski, U.; Soldati, A.; Hobaiter, C. A Gestural Repertoire of 1- to 2-Year-Old Human Children: In Search of the Ape Gestures. *Anim. Cogn.* **2019**, *22*, 577–595. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

270. Bourjade, M.; Cochet, H.; Molesti, S.; Guidetti, M. Is Conceptual Diversity an Advantage for Scientific Inquiry? A Case Study on the Concept of "Gesture" in Comparative Psychology. *Integr. Psychol. Behav. Sci.* **2020**, *54*, 805–832. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

271. Hobaiter, C.; Byrne, R.W. What Is a Gesture? A Meaning-Based Approach to Defining Gestural Repertoires. *Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.* **2017**, *82*, 3–12. [CrossRef]

272. Pollick, A.S.; Waal, F.B.M.D. Ape Gestures and Language Evolution. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2007**, *104*, 8184–8189. [CrossRef]

273. Roberts, A.I.; Vick, S.-J.; Buchanan-Smith, H.M. Usage and Comprehension of Manual Gestures in Wild Chimpanzees. *Anim. Behav.* **2012**, *84*, 459–470. [CrossRef]

274. Roberts, A.I.; Roberts, S.G.B.; Vick, S.-J. The Repertoire and Intentionality of Gestural Communication in Wild Chimpanzees. *Anim. Cogn.* **2014**, *17*, 317–336. [CrossRef]

275. Meguerditchian, A.; Molesti, S.; Vauclair, J. Right-Handedness Predominance in 162 Baboons (Papio anubis) for Gestural Communication: Consistency across Time and Groups. *Behav. Neurosci.* **2011**, *125*, 653–660. [CrossRef]

276. Meguerditchian, A.; Vauclair, J. Baboons Communicate with Their Right Hand. *Behav. Brain Res.* **2006**, *171*, 170–174. [CrossRef]

277. Molesti, S.; Meguerditchian, A.; Bourjade, M. Gestural Communication in Olive Baboons (Papio anubis): Repertoire and Intentionality. *Anim. Cogn.* **2019**, *23*, 19–40. [CrossRef]

278. Gupta, S.; Sinha, A. Gestural Communication of Wild Bonnet Macaques in the Bandipur National Park, Southern India. *Behav. Process.* **2019**, *168*, 103956. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

279. Aychet, J.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Lemasson, A. Sequential and Network Analyses to Describe Multiple Signal Use in Captive Mangabeys. *Anim. Behav.* **2021**, *182*, 203–226. [CrossRef]
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287. Prieur, J.; Barbu, S.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Pika, S. Captive Gorillas' Manual Laterality: The Impact of Gestures, Manipulators and Interaction Specificity. *Brain Lang.* **2017**, *175*, 130–145. [CrossRef]

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289. Prieur, J.; Pika, S.; Barbu, S.; Blois-Heulin, C. A Multifactorial Investigation of Captive Gorillas' Intraspecific Gestural Laterality. *Laterality Asymmetries Body Brain Cogn.* **2017**, *23*, 538–575. [CrossRef]

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292. Meunier, H.; Fizet, J.; Vauclair, J. Tonkean Macaques Communicate with Their Right Hand. *Brain Lang.* **2013**, *126*, 181–187. [CrossRef]

293. Maille, A.; Chapelain, A.; Déruti, L.; Bec, P.; Blois-Heulin, C. Manual Laterality for Pointing Gestures Compared to Grasping Actions in Guenons and Mangabeys. *Anim. Behav.* **2013**, *86*, 705–716. [CrossRef]

294. Bourjade, M.; Meunier, H.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Vauclair, J. Baboons' Hand Preference Resists to Spatial Factors for a Communicative Gesture but Not for a Simple Manipulative Action. *Dev. Psychobiol.* **2013**, *55*, 651–661. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

295. Meunier, H.; Fagard, J.; Maugard, A.; Briseño, M.; Fizet, J.; Canteloup, C.; Defolie, C.; Vauclair, J. Patterns of Hemispheric Specialization for a Communicative Gesture in Different Primate Species: Handedness for Pointing in Primates. *Dev. Psychobiol.* **2013**, *55*, 662–671. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

296. Anderson, J.R.; Kuwahata, H.; Fujita, K. Gaze Alternation during “Pointing” by Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri Sciureus)? *Anim. Cogn.* **2007**, *10*, 267–271. [CrossRef]

297. Anderson, J.R.; Kuroshima, H.; Hattori, Y.; Fujita, K. Flexibility in the Use of Requesting Gestures in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri Sciureus). *Am. J. Primatol.* **2010**, *72*, 707–714. [CrossRef]

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