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DATA DESCRIPTOR

# ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A
Prospective, Standardized, Global
Dataset of Patients Hospitalized
with COVID-19

ISARIC Clinical Characterization Group\*, Esteban Garcia-Gallo\^1, Laura Merson\^2,\^3 ¶,
Kalynn Kennon\^3, Sadie Kelly\^3, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella\^2, Daniel Vidali Fryer\#\^4,
Sally Shrapnel\^4,\^5, James Lee\#\^2, Sara Duque\^1, Yuli V. Fuentes\^1, Valeria Balan\^2, Sue Smith\^2,
Jia Wei\^2, Bronner P. Gonçalves\^2, Clark D. Russell\^6, Louise Sigfrid\^2, Andrew Dagens\^2,
Piero L. Olliaro\^2, Joaquin Baruch\^2, Christiana Kartsonaki\^2, Jake Dunning\^2, Amanda Rojek\^2,
Aasiyah Rashan\^7, Abi Beane\^8, Srinivas Murthy\^9 & Luis Felipe Reyes\#\^1,\^2 ¶

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use.

## Background & Summary

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) is a global federation of clinical research networks collaborating to prevent illness and death from infectious disease outbreaks through proficient and agile research response<fnref n="1" />. In January 2020, ISARIC launched a research response to the emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), detected weeks earlier in Wuhan, China²,³. The initial focus was on the clinical characterisation of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which mainly affects the respiratory system². The fatality rate of COVID-19 varies substantially across different locations, which may reflect differences in population age, comorbidities, vaccination status, and other factors⁴. In June 2022, there were more than 500 million reported cases and more than 6 million deaths. Despite unprecedented success in the rapid generation of vaccines and effective treatments, COVID-19 continues to cause severe and widespread health consequences⁵,⁶. Therefore, the continuation of high-quality, globally-representative research is critical – as are the data required to deliver it.

<footnote n="1">¹Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. ²International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. ³Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. ⁴The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. ⁵The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, St. Lucia, Australia. ⁶the University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. ⁷Nat. Intensive Care Surveillance-M.O.R.U, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ⁸Wellcome-CRIT Care Asia- Africa, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. ⁹Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. \*A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. ¶e-mail: laura.merson@ndm.ox.ac.uk; luis.reyes5@unisabana.edu.co</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1 The number of patients per country is included in the ISARIC COVID-19 database.</figcaption></figure>

At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, ISARIC adapted the ISARIC-WHO Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools⁷ to facilitate global research collaboration and accelerate the understanding of COVID-19 as part of the public health response to the pandemic¹,⁸,⁹. Between January 2020 and September 2021, information about the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of more than 705,000 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized across 62 countries, was aggregated to form the ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset. Clinical teams in 1,559 participating institutions collected the data. Figure 1 shows the number of patients per country included in the database as of September 2021¹,⁴,¹⁰. The number of patients included in the dataset continues to grow as data collection continues across the globe.

The objective of the dataset is to accelerate understanding of COVID-19 through access to detailed clinical information on infected patients from a range of settings. Access to data facilitates science, improves scientific transparency and integrity, and has played a substantial role in the generation of knowledge that has led to better patient management and vaccine production for COVID-19¹¹. The diversity of populations, regions, and resource levels from which the data originate increases the generalizability of the evidence generated and supports comparisons across them. By collating, standardizing, and sharing large volumes of disparate data, curation and governance efforts are invested centrally by a specialised team, enabling efficient data access, and analysis by many researchers focused on the questions most relevant to the patients in their settings. This approach accelerates pandemic response by promoting locally-driven, locally-relevant knowledge generation, which is most likely to have an impact on public health policy and drive societal benefits beyond health¹²,¹³.

## Methods

**Data collection.** Standardized clinical data of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are collected on the ISARIC-WHO case report forms (CRFs) (https://isaric.org/research/covid-19-clinical-research-resources/covid-19-crf/) or site-specific iterations of these forms. These forms are available in multiple languages to support accessibility for a global response.

Sites implement data collection contemporaneously to clinical care. Data are collected through direct observation and/or reviewing and extracting electronic health records or patient registries. Data can be submitted to ISARIC by completing the CRF on the Research Electronic Data Capture platform (REDCap version 10.6 Vanderbilt University¹⁴) hosted by the University of Oxford. Alternatively, institutions using other data collection forms and/or a different data management system can share patient data in any format to the ISARIC COVID-19 data platform, hosted by the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, www.iddo.org). Data were prospectively collected on patients with clinical suspicion or laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and admitted to a participating hospital or ward. Recruitment aimed to include all identified patients; however, resource constraints limited enrolment when patient numbers surged and health systems became overwhelmed. In such cases, or in sites where prospective data collection was impossible, data were extracted from electronic health records. Ethics approval and informed consent were obtained according to local regulations, which included a waiver of consent to collect de-identified data at several sites due to the burden on front-line
workers and the data protection framework in place. The WHO-ISARIC Clinical Characterization Protocol was approved by the WHO Ethics Committee (RPC571 and RPC572).

**Data standardization.** The ISARIC COVID-19 dataset is a large, clinically comprehensive, international resource. The diversity of data aggregated to create this resource required a uniform data model to standardize the structures and ontologies to a harmonized format. Thus, all data are standardized to the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) to facilitate pooled analyses. While there is no perfect data model, the CDISC SDTM was chosen to allow maximum flexibility to accommodate the diverse data types collected by different groups. This was preferred over other options, such as the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) model, which was more rigid with a fixed number of possible tables and variables. The use of SDTM also allows for greater interoperability to enable integration with COVID-19 clinical trial data that may be added to the dataset in the future. This data model is designed for data tabulation and storage. Using the dataset requires processing to create an analysis dataset from which results can be derived. Here we present a complete description of the available data, how it is formatted, and describe a generalizable strategy to use and maximize its utility in research.

**Data standardization - de-identification.** Data entered in the ISARIC REDCap database or uploaded to the IDDO data platform are reviewed to ensure no direct identifiers are included. Direct identifiers, including those listed in the UK General Data Protection Regulation (https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/) and the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/index.html), are permanently deleted before data are curated through various processes.

**Data standardisation - pre-mapping.** Data and all documentation shared with the data, such as dictionaries, protocols, publications, and data collection forms, are reviewed by the data curator to fully understand the contents of the dataset. Queries are raised with the data contributor when required. Each variable in the dataset is assigned to the appropriate SDTM domain(s), variable(s), and controlled vocabulary (if applicable) according to the rules found within the IDDO SDTM Implementation Manual (https://www.iddo.org/tools-and-resources/data-tools). The implementation manual chronicles each type of data curated to the platform and is consulted and updated with each new dataset to ensure consistency across the repository. An audit trail of the assignments is also recorded in a dataset-specific SDTM mapping guide.

**Data standardization - data wrangling.** For formatting and coding, the contributed datasets are loaded into Trifacta®, a data wrangling programme. This can include merging files, splitting variables into separate domains, applying controlled terminology to variables, and adding created variables as required. IDDO-defined standardization, conversion, and categorization formulas are also used as described in the IDDO SDTM Implementation Manual. Transformations on the contributed data (in the interests of standardization) are recorded and stored in a form that documents the transformation and enables it to be reproduced.

**Data standardization - review and edit checks.** Data is run through Pinnacle 21® (community version) software, a CDISC standards compliance-verification tool that checks the standard SDTM implementation guide rules and requirements for regulatory submission. The resulting checks and warnings are assessed for applicability to the individual dataset. The data are also run through standard edit checks to identify possible mapping errors separate from SDTM conformance. The curator adjusts the mapping as needed to make corrections.

Figure 2 describes the workflow from data acquisition to the final, pooled dataset that researchers can access to conduct their research.

## Data Records

The dataset is available from the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory - IDDO at https://doi.org/10.48688/ nx85-bv30¹⁵ The ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset is a relational database consisting of 16 tables, each representing a domain of information set out in the CDISC SDTM data model. Unique identifiers link these with the suf- fix 'ID'. For example, USUBJID refers to the subject's unique identifier, which is the primary key for assessing individual-level data; STUDYID contains the unique identifier for an individual hospital or network of hospitals. Each table defines and tracks different aspects of illness and treatment.

**Data tables.** The tables (i.e., domains) currently included in the dataset are Demographics (DM), Disposition (DS), Environmental Risk (ER), Healthcare Encounters (HO), Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria (IE), Treatments and Interventions (IN), Laboratory Results (LB), Microbiology Specimen (MB), Reproductive System Findings (RP), Disease Response and Clinical Classification (RS), Clinical and Adverse Events (SA), Subject Visits (SV), Vital Signs (VS), COVID-19 Follow-Up questionnaire (CQ), Subject Characteristics (SC), and Pregnancy Outcomes (PO) (Supplementary Table 1); The majority of those tables are at a patient level, so it has a subject id (USUBJID) that relates the information of a single patient distributed in the multiple tables. The Trial Summary (TS), Trial Inclusion Exclusion Criteria (TI), and Device Identifiers (DI) are study-level domains; thus, there is no indi- vidual patient-level data in those domains. Instead, there is information about the uniqueness of each institution, for instance, the inclusion/exclusion criteria or the devices used at each hospital. Data collection times for each data type are presented in Fig. 3¹⁶⁻¹⁸. As an example, we show in Fig. 4 a synthetic, representative subset of the available data for a female patient.

The CDISC SDTM data model has several advantages. For example:
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 2 Overview of the ISARIC COVID-19 Database.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 3 Data collection points for each data type.</figcaption></figure>

(1) It can adapt to any number of events. Frequently recorded events such as vital signs, laboratory tests, and patient status scores are stored as a series of events. The order is recorded in the variables with the suffix 'DY', which describes the day of the observation relative to the patient's hospital admission date. For example, the variable 'VSDY' indicates the day when a particular vital sign was measured. Events occurring within the same day can be further ordered using the variables with the suffix 'SEQ', which captures the sequence of events independently of the day on which they occurred.

(2) It captures whether or not a variable was collected for a given patient (this is critical to count denominators accurately in an aggregated collection of many different datasets). The model enables this by collecting the existence of a variable separately from the occurrence or completion of that variable. E.g., if the CRF for a dataset includes data on fever, the model shows that this question was prespecified as FEVER_PRESP = Yes; if the patient had a fever, it is captured as FEVER_OCCUR = Yes; if the patient was afebrile, it is registered as FEVER_OCCUR = No. Combining these two variables makes it possible to accurately quantify how many patients were evaluated for fever and how many had a fever. This distinction is found in the ER, HE, IN, and SA tables. A full description of how SDTM is implemented for these data, Frequently Asked Questions, and other data tools are available within the IDDO suite of curation and data resources (https://www.iddo.org/tools-and-resources/data-tools) to assist analysts in understanding these nuances. The remaining tables contain study-level data (e.g., Study Inclusion Exclusion Criteria and Device Identifiers); thus, there are no individual-level data in these domains.

The dataset also contains a rich repository of free-text entries that capture more fine-grained information not included in the CRF solicited entries. Such information can be identified by applying simple search functions or Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to the **TERM variable. Supplementary Table 1 describes how data is distributed across the domain data tables and how many unique patients are included in each table.
<table><thead><tr><th>Variable</th><th>Domain</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Sex</td><td rowspan="4">Demographics</td><td>Female</td></tr><tr><td>Age (years)</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Ethnicity</td><td>White</td></tr><tr><td>Country</td><td>Norway</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Comorbidities</td><td rowspan="3">Clinical and Adverse Events</td><td>Smoking</td></tr><tr><td>Asthma</td></tr><tr><td>Hypertension</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Obesity</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

<table><thead><tr><th>Variable</th><th>Domain</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="7">Signs and symptoms at hospital admission</td><td rowspan="7">Clinical and Adverse Events</td><td>Fever/history of fever</td></tr><tr><td>Lost/altererd sense of taste</td></tr><tr><td>Lost/altererd sense of smell</td></tr><tr><td>Cough - productive</td></tr><tr><td>Vomiting/nausea</td></tr><tr><td>Diarrhoea</td></tr><tr><td>Muscle aches/joint pain</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Wheezing</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Shortness of breath</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

<table><thead><tr><th>Variable</th><th>Domain</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Microorganism</td><td>Microbiology Specimen</td><td>ESCHERICHIA COLI<br>HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE<br>COVID-2019/SARS-COV2</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

<table><caption>Fig. 4 A synthetic, representative subset of the available data for a female patient.</caption><thead><tr><th>Variable</th><th>Domain</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Outcome</td><td>Disposition</td><td>Discharged alive</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Patient characteristics.** Among the 708,158 patients whose data were entered as of September 2021, 552,366 (78%) had laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 50,426 (7,1%) were clinically diagnosed (where testing was not available or results were not reported). Of these patients, the median age (interquartile ranges: first quartile (Q1) and third quartile (Q3)) is 58 (IQR: 44–72) years, 48.9% are male, and 50.9% are female (the sex of 0.1% of the patients is unknown). A total of 126,069 (20.9%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit (ICU or HDU), and in-hospital mortality was 23.5%⁵. Table 1 provides a breakdown of the population by continent, and Supplementary Table 1 shows the number of unique patients with data reported per each domain.

The most frequently reported comorbidities, symptoms at hospital admission, and complications during hospital admission are presented in Fig. 5. Among comorbid conditions, hypertension (30.7%), diabetes mellitus (29.6%), and chronic cardiac disease (10.5%) were the most frequently reported. The top five symptoms
<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Continent</th><th>Global</th><th>Africa</th><th>Europe</th><th>Asia</th><th>North America</th><th>South and Central America</th><th>Oceania</th></tr><tr><th>n = 602792</th><th>n = 369467</th><th>n = 206992</th><th>n = 16019</th><th>n = 6687</th><th>n = 2709</th><th>n = 448</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Critical care admission, counts (%)</td><td>126069 (20.91)</td><td>73095 (19.78)</td><td>35454 (17.13)</td><td>11544 (72.06)</td><td>3619 (54.12)</td><td>1872 (69.10)</td><td>427 (95.31)</td></tr><tr><td>Age, years, median (Q1-Q3)</td><td>58 (44-72)</td><td>54 (40-66)</td><td>70 (54-82)</td><td>58 (46-68)</td><td>64 (52-76)</td><td>54 (42-66)</td><td>62 (51-70)</td></tr><tr><td>Male, counts (%)</td><td>294928 (48.93)</td><td>165376 (44.76)</td><td>113148 (54.66)</td><td>10366 (64.71)</td><td>3857 (57.68)</td><td>1659 (61.24)</td><td>269 (60.04)</td></tr><tr><td>In-hospital mortality, counts (%)</td><td>141646 (23.5)</td><td>88737 (24.02)</td><td>46424 (22.43)</td><td>4310 (26.91)</td><td>1672 (25)</td><td>440 (16.24)</td><td>59 (13.17)</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Table 1.** Details of the ISARIC-COVID-19 patient population by continent. The information presented in the table is based on the raw data, and there is missing data, for instance: 470 patients do not have their country of origin registered; 8143 patients do not have age; 149 do not have their sex registered, and the outcome of 10130 patients is missing.

at admission were cough (23.7%), shortness of breath (19.8%), fever (17.5%), fatigue (11.5%), and altered consciousness (6.1%). Regarding complications, viral pneumonia (16.2%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (6.6%), acute kidney injury (5.5%), anaemia (4.3%), and bacterial pneumonia (3.8%) were the most frequently identified.

## Technical Validation

Data submitted via the ISARIC REDCap system are subjected to a series of field-specific data quality checks designed by ISARIC. These trigger error alerts inform users of issues based on value limits, validate dates, flag missing variables, and perform logic checks to compare related variables. Data are further reviewed by a data manager who sends data quality reports and queries to sites when critical data are missing or outside expected values. Staff at data collection sites review the alerts and make the necessary corrections to their data in the REDCap system.

Data uploaded to the IDDO platform are verified during the 'pre-mapping' and 'data review and edit checks' processes described above. Interpretation of the data dictionary (for sites that used a unique data collection tool) and any missing values are queried directly with staff at the data collection sites. Results are charted per variable to identify and query outlier values. Where correction is suggested, the contributing site is contacted and asked to correct the data as needed before re-uploading them to the data platform.

## Usage Notes

The utility of the data collected is optimised by issuing regular open-access ISARIC COVID-19 Clinical Data Reports (https://isaric.org/research/covid-19-clinical-research-resources/evidence-reports/) and periodic updates to the ISARIC COVID-19 Dashboard (https://livedataoxford.shinyapps.io/CovidClinicalDataDashboard/). Data are available for analysis through two mechanisms to maximize uptake: a collaborative mechanism for ISARIC partners who contribute data to the dataset and a data-sharing platform for external researchers. The sites that contribute to the data retain ownership and decision-making authority on their data at all times.

It is essential to highlight that more countries are globally transitioning to digital-based healthcare systems. During the transitioning process, quality control measures are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of healthcare-related communication and data quality¹⁹. Thus, the ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset can generate insights facilitating quality control measures, especially in developing countries where scarce scientific resources.

**Data access.** Staff from sites that contribute data to the dataset may access data for collaborative analysis via the ISARIC Partner Analysis scheme (https://isaric.org/research/isaric-partner-analysis-frequently-asked-questions/). Proposals for these analyses are governed and supported by ISARIC and executed with all data contributors' contributions, oversite, and accreditation⁴,¹⁰,²⁰. ISARIC provides statistical, clinical, and administrative support to promote analyses by partners who contribute the data, especially those based in low-resource settings.

External researchers who have not contributed to the dataset are also welcome to submit a data access and analysis proposal via the IDDO platform (https://www.iddo.org/covid19). An independent Data Access Committee reviews these requests according to the Data Access Guidelines of the platform. (https://www.iddo.org/covid19/data-sharing/accessing-data). Statistical analysis plans and outputs from both types of access can be viewed at: https://www.iddo.org/covid19/research/approved-uses-platform-data.

Data management, curation, governance, and the data-sharing platform are free to use and supported by the ISARIC and IDDO data management teams. When shared through the governed data access mechanisms, the ISARIC COVID-19 database is provided as a collection of comma-separated value (CSV) files (i.e., tables), along with scripts to help import the data into PostgreSQL and codes that enable the reuse of the data. Notably, where data transformations are made during the database construction process, care is taken not to modify raw study data. The teams performing analyses can develop analytic codes based on assumptions they deem appropriate.

**Data use.** The breadth of analyses published to date demonstrates the diversity of science that can be generated from these data. Examples include identification of unique COVID-19 symptomology at the extremities of age²¹; to develop the ISARIC 4 C mortality score that outperformed existing scores and showed utility to directly
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 5** Distribution of primary symptoms, comorbidities, and treatments. (A) shows the prevalence of comorbidities; (B) shows the prevalence of symptoms at admission; (C) shows the proportion of patients receiving each treatment.</figcaption></figure>

inform clinical decision making<sup>22</sup>; to identify temporal trends in inpatient journeys and inform resource needs in an evolving pandemic<sup>10</sup>, and to improve the diagnosis of acute kidney injury<sup>23</sup>. Further analyses to develop natural language processing, understand neurological outcomes in COVID-19 and develop models that predict a range of outcomes.

The use of such a large and diverse dataset is not without challenges. Robust interpretation of analytic outputs requires an understanding of the variation in recruitment practices between sites and during the course of the outbreak and the availability of treatments and facilities (e.g., ICUs and ventilators) across the range of resource settings. ISARIC's collaborative approach to research outputs addresses these challenges by involving all staff who contributed to the collection of data in the review of the analysis plans and manuscripts. When designing an analysis plan, researchers must also consider which data are and are not available from each site and account for high levels of missingness, particularly during regional peaks in COVID-19 transmission. The CDISC SDTM data model was selected for harmonisation of these data, specifically because it captures these aspects of data providence. Those using the dataset benefit from the richness of the model; however, they will need to master the challenges of its complexity. Tools to support understanding of the data model can be found at https://www.iddo.org/tools-and-resources/data-tools.

**Collaborative research.** The ISARIC WHO characterization protocol has proven to be a successful strategy for generating standardized data from multiple sites that international researchers can access for analysis<sup>18,21,22,24-27</sup>. Having a pre-prepared protocol for clinical investigation of an emerging infectious disease established before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to gather patient data very early in the pandemic. As a result, contributors benefited from clinical data captured in other regions before they experienced cases and improved confidence in a larger dataset. By implementing systems to harmonize global data, ISARIC and IDDO have made international collaboration more efficient<sup>1</sup>. The evolution of these systems, including integrating epidemiological and genomic data to address new types of research questions, is in progress. Finally, ISARIC's data governance model allows members and non-members to propose research questions that could be answered using this dataset, which has helped advance science and empowers scientists worldwide<sup>4,10,20</sup>. This open and collaborative approach maximizes the scientific utility and public health impact of global data. With a focus on ensuring the representation of patient data and researchers from lower-resourced settings, the ISARIC network has accelerated understanding of COVID-19, advanced preparedness for future pandemics, and raised the bar on global collaboration for health.

## Code availability

Processing codes for the ISARIC COVID-19 database are openly available online, and contributions from the research community to share these codes are encouraged. For this reason, a public code repository has been created along with this manuscript to develop and share code collectively: https://github.com/ISARICDataPlatform/ISARICBasics.git. The content of this repository is under continuous development. Still, it has been seeded with code to generate patient-level datasets suitable for statistics and machine learning research, such as patient demographic, comorbid conditions at the time of admission, application of treatments, and severity scores, among others. It is possible for the research community to directly submit updates, improvements, and additions to the repository via GitHub. Moreover, a Jupyter Notebook containing the code used to generate the tables and descriptive statistics included in this paper is openly available on GitHub.

Received: 30 March 2022; Accepted: 29 June 2022;
Published online: 30 July 2022
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## Acknowledgements

The investigators acknowledge: This work is part of the Grand Challenges ICODA pilot initiative, delivered by Health Data Research UK and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Minderoo Foundation. The philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford's COVID-19 Research Response Fund; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z and 220757/Z/20/Z]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135]; the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01); the Medical Research Council (MRC; grant MC(PC_19059); the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE)(award 200907); NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927); Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant C18616/A25153); NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award IS-BRC-1215-20013); NIHR Clinical Research Network (infrastructure support); CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity OV2170359 and was
coordinated out of Sunnybrook Research Institute; the endorsement of the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Group, co-ordinated in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland [CTN-2014-12]; Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) [H2020 project 101003589]; European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) [965313]; COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; the dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team; the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies coordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town; Wellcome Trust fellowship [205228/Z/16/Z]; the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; the University of Oxford; the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team; the Research Council of Norway grant no 312780; a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523 COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution; preparedness work conducted by the Short Period Incidence Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection; Stiftungsfonds zur Förderung der Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose und anderer Lungenkrankheiten of the City of Vienna, Project Number: APCOV22BGM; Italian Ministry of Health "Fondi Ricerca corrente-L1P6" to IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria; Australian Department of Health grant (3273191); Gender Equity Strategic Fund at University of Queensland; Artificial Intelligence for Pandemics (A14PAN) at University of Queensland; the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS, CE170100009); the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Australia; UK Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship MR/V001671/1; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain; Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Scholarship number 303953/2018-7; Firland Foundation, Shoreline, Washington, USA; the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funding by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n°20-0424). This work uses Data/Materials provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support #DataSavesLives. The Data/materials used for this research were obtained from ISARIC4C. ISARIC4C Investigators collated the COVID-19 Clinical Information Network (CO-CIN) data.

## Competing interests

Allavena, C. declares personal fees from ViiVHealthcare, MSD, Janssen, and Gilead, all outside the submitted work. Andréjak, C. declares personal fees for lectures from Astra Zeneca, outside the submitted work. Antonelli, M. declares unrestricted research grants from GE and Estor/Toray, Board participation from Pfizer and Shionogi. All unrelated to the present work. Beltrame, A. has nothing to declare concerning the current work. A Borie, R. declares personal fees for Roche, Sanofi, and Boehringer Ingelheim's lectures outside the submitted work. Bosse, Hans Martin is co-investigator for placebo studies in infants and children in clinical trials by Actelion/Janssen (Johnson&Johnson), outside the submitted work. Cheng, M. declares grants from McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from GEn1E Lifesciences (as a member of the scientific advisory board), personal fees from nplex biosciences (as a member of the scientific advisory board), outside the submitted work. He is the co-founder of Kansas Biosciences and owns equity in the company. In addition, M. Cheng reports a patent Methods for detecting tissue damage, graft versus host disease, and infections using cell-free DNA profiling pending, and a patent Methods for assessing the severity and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections using cell-free DNA pending. Cholley, B. declares personal fees (for lectures and participation to advisory boards) from Edwards, Amomed, Nordic Pharma, and Orion Pharma. Claure-Del Granado, R. declares individual fees (for lectures and participation to advisory boards) from Nova Biomedical, Medtronic, and Baxter all outside the submitted work. Cruz-Bermúdez J.L. declares personal fees from Elsevier for advice outside the submitted work. Cummings, M. and O'Donnell, M. participated as investigators for clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of remdesivir (sponsored by Gilead Sciences) and convalescent plasma (sponsored by Amazon) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Support for this work is paid to Columbia University. Dalton, H. declares personal fees for medical director of Innovative ECMO Concepts and honorarium from Abiomed/BREETHE Oxi-1 and Instrumentation Labs. Consultant fee, Entegron Inc. Dyrhol-Riise, AM, declares grants from Gilead outside this work. Deplanque, D. declares personal fees from Biocodex, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Pfizer (advisory boards). Donnelly, C.A. declares research funding from the UK Medical Research Council and the UK National Institute for Health Research. Douglas, J.J. declares personal fees from lectures from Sunovion and Merck, consulting fees from Pfizer. Durante-Mangoni, E. declares funding via his Institution from MSD, Pfizer, and personal fees or participation in advisory boards or participation to the speaker's bureau of Roche, Pfizer, MSD, Angelini, Correvio, Nordic Pharma, Bio-Merieux, Abbvie, Sanofi-Aventis, Medtronic, Tyrx and DiaSorin. Gordon, AC. reports a Research Professorship from NIHR (RP-2015-06-18), consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, and 30 Respiratory paid to his institution outside of the submitted work. Grasselli, G. declares personal fees from Getinge, Biotest, Draeger Medical, Fisher & Paykel, MSD, and unrestricted research grants from MSD and Fisher & Paykel, all outside the submitted work. Guerguerian AM. Participated as a site investigator for the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, through the SPRINT-SARI Study via the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group sponsored in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Hammond, TC declares consulting fees from Regeneron, Pfizer, and Agenus. Ho, A. declares grant funding from Medical Research Council UK, Scottish Funding Council - Grand Challenges Research Fund, and the Wellcome Trust, outside this submitted work. Holter, J. C. reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780, and Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, during the conduct of the study. Hulot, J.S. reports grants from Bioserenity, Sanofi, Servier, and Novo Nordisk.; speaker, advisory board or consultancy fees from Amgen, Astra Zeneca,
Bayer, Bioserenity, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Vifor (all unrelated to the present work). Kalleberg, K.T. is a founder and shareholder of the company Age Labs, which develops epigenetic tests, including one for COVID-19 severity. Kimmoun, A. declares personal fees (payment for lectures) from Baxter, Aguettant, Aspen. Kumar, D. declares grants and personal fees from Roche, GSK, and Merck, and personal fees from Pfizer and Sanofi. Kutsogiannis, D.J. declares personal fees for a lecture from Tabuk Pharmaceuticals and the Saudi Critical Care Society. Kutsyna, G. declares the study consulting fee for clinical trial ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04762628. Laffey, J. reports that he has received fees for consultancy from GlaxoSmithKline and from Baxter Therapeutics for work outside the scope of this work. Lairez, O. declares grant funding from Pfizer; conference fees from Amicus, GE Healthcare, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Takeda-Shire; and consultancy fees from Alnylam, Amicus, Pfizer, Takeda-Shire. Lee, J. reports grants from European Commission PREPARE grant agreement No 602525, European Commission RECOVER Grant Agreement No 101003589 and European Commission ECRAID-Plan Grant Agreement 825715 supporting the conduct, coordination, and management of the work. Lee, T.C. declares research salary support from les Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé. Lefèvre, B. declares travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from Mylan and Gilead, all outside the submitted work. Lellouche, F. declares grants from CIHR for COVID-19 studies is co-founder and administrator of Oxynov. inc, fees from Fisher&Paykel, Vygon, and Novus. Lemaignen, A. declares personal fees (payment for lectures) from MSD and Gilead; and travel/accommodation/ meeting expenses from Pfizer. Leone, M declares personal fees from Gilead, MSD, Aspen, Ambu, and Amomed Lescure, F.X. declares personal fees (payment for lectures) from Gilead, MSD; and travel/accommodation/ meeting expenses from Astellas, Eumedica, MSD. Lim, W.S. declares his institution has received unrestricted investigator-initiated research funding from Pfizer for an unrelated multicentre cohort study in which he is the Chief Investigator, and research funding from the National Institute for Health Research, the UK, for various clinical trials outside the submitted work. Liu, K. reports personal fees from MERA and receives a salary from TXP Medical completely outside the submitted work. Maier, Lars S. has nothing to declare with respect to the present work. Mark, P.B. declares grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, lecture fees and/or travel support from AstraZeneca, Astellas, Vifor, Pharmacosmos, and Napp, and grant funding from British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research and Kidney Research UK all outside the submitted work. Martin-Blondel G declares support for attending meetings and personal fees from BMS, MSD, Janssen, Sanofi, Pfizer, and Gilead for lectures outside the submitted work. Martin-Loeches I. declared lectures for Gilead, Thermofisher, Pfizer, MSD; advisory board participation for Fresenius Kabi, Advanz Pharma, Gilead, Accelerate, Merck; and consulting fees for Gilead outside of the submitted work. Martín-Quiros, A. declares consulting fees for Gilead. Mentré F declares consulting fees from IPSEN, Servier, and Da Volterra and reports research grants to her group from Sanofi, Roche, Servier, and Da Volterra, all outside the submitted work. Montrucchio, G declares personal fees for a lecture from Pfizer Gilead outside the submitted work. Murthy, S declares receiving salary support from the Health Research Foundation and Innovative Medicines Canada Chair in Pandemic Preparedness Research. Nichol, A. declares a grant from the Health Research Board of Ireland to support data collection in Ireland (CTN-2014-012), an unrestricted grant from BAXTER for the TAME trial kidney substudy, and consultancy fees paid to his institution from AM-PHARMA. Nseir S. declares lectures for Gilead, Pfizer, MSD, Biomérieux, Fischer and Paykel, and Bio-Rad, outside the submitted work. Openshaw, P. has served on scientific advisory boards for Janssen/J&J, Oxford Immunotech Ltd, GSK, Nestle, and Pfizer (fees to Imperial College). He is Imperial College lead investigator on EMINENT, a consortium funded by the MRC and GSK. He is a member of the RSV Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) and Inno4Vac, Innovative Medicines Initiatives (IMI) from the European Union. Peltan, I.D. declares grant support from the National Institutes of Health and, outside the submitted work, grant support from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and Janssen and payments to his institution from Regeneron and Asahi Kasei Pharma. Pesenti, A. declares personal fees from Maquet, Novalung/Xenios, Baxter, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Peytavin G. declares consulting fees (for lectures and/or participation in advisory boards) and travel grants from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck, Takeda, Theratechnologies, and ViiV Healthcare. Poissy, J. declares personal fees from Gilead for lectures outside the submitting work. Povoa, P. declares personal fees (for lectures and advisory boards) from MSD, Technophage, Sanofi, and Gilead. Póvoas, D. declares consulting fees (for lectures and/or participation in advisory boards) from Roche and Viiv Healthcare; and travel/accommodation/ meeting expenses from Abbvie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV Healthcare. Rewa, O. declares honoraria from Baxter Healthcare Inc and Leading Biosciences Inc. Rössler, B. declares grants from CytoSorbent Inc. Rossanese, A. declares consulting fees (for lectures and/or participation to advisory boards) from Emergent BioSolutions and Sanofi Pasteur, but all outside of the frame of the submitted work. Sândulescu, O. has been an investigator in COVID-19 clinical trials by Algernon Pharmaceuticals, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, and Celltrion, Inc. and Atriva Therapeutics, outside the scope of the submitted work. Semple, M.G. reports grants from DHSC National Institute of Health Research UK, from the Medical Research Council UK, and from the Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging & Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, supporting the conduct of the study; other interest in Integrum Scientific LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA, outside the submitted work. Serpa Neto, A. declares personal lecture fees from Drager outside the submitted work. Serrano-Balazote, P. declares funding via his Institution from Novartis and Janssen, and personal fees or participation in advisory boards or participation to the speaker's bureau of Roche, all outside of the submitted work. Shrapnel, S. participated as an investigator for an observational study analysing ICU patients with COVID-19 (for the Critical Care Consortium including ECMOCARD) funded by The Prince Charles Hospital Foundation during the conduct of this study. S. Shrapnel reports in-kind support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (CE170100009). Streinu-Cercel, Adrian has been an investigator in COVID-19 clinical trials by Algernon Pharmaceuticals, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, and
Celltrion, Inc., outside the scope of the submitted work. Streinu-Cercel, Anca has been an investigator in COVID-19 clinical trials by Algernon Pharmaceuticals, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, and Celltrion Inc. and Atriva Therapeutics, outside the scope of the submitted work. Summers, C. reports that she has received fees for consultancy for Abbvie and Roche relating to COVID-19 therapeutics. She was also the UK Chief Investigator of a GlaxoSmithKline plc sponsored study of therapy for COVID and is a member of the UK COVID Therapeutic Advisory Panel (UK-CTAP). Outside the scope of this work, Dr. Summers' institution receives research grants from the Wellcome Trust, UKRI/MRC, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), GlaxoSmithKline, and AstraZeneca to support research in her laboratory. Susanne Dudman reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780. Tedder, R. reports grants from MRC/UKRI during the conduct of the study. In addition, R. Tedder has a patent United Kingdom Patent Application No. 2014047.1 "SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection assay" issued. Terzi, N. reports personal fees from Pfizer outside the submitted work. Timsit, J.F. participated in an advisory board for MSD, Pfizer, nabriva, Gilead, Shionoghi, Medimune outside the submitted work. JF Timsit declared lecture fees from MSD, Biomerieux, Pfizer, Shionoghi. Turtle, L. reports grants from MRC/UKRI during the conduct of the study and fees from Eisai for delivering a lecture related to COVID-19 and cancer, paid to the University of Liverpool. Ullrich, R. reports grant funding to his institution from Apeptico, APEIRON, Biotest, Bayer, CCORE, and Philips and personal fees from Biotest. He holds European patent EP15189777.4 "Blood purification device" and equity in CCORE Technology GesmbH, medical device research, and development company. Visseaux B. declares personal fees from BioMérieux, Qiagen, and Gilead and research grants from Qiagen, all outside the submitted work. West, E. reports grant funding from the Farland Foundation, the US CDC, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for studies of COVID-19, and grant funding from the US NIH for studies of other respiratory infections. Couffin-Cadiergues S. has nothing to declare relating to the present work. Soraas, A. is a founder of the company Age Labs, which develops epigenetic tests, including COVID-19 severity.

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**ISARIC Clinical Characterization Group**

Ali Abbas¹⁰, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil¹¹, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir¹², Ryuzo Abe¹³, Laurent Abel¹⁴, Lara Absil¹⁵, Kamal Abu Jabal¹⁶, Hiba Abu Zayyad¹⁶, Subhash Acharya¹⁷, Andrew Acker¹⁸, Shingo Adachi¹⁹, Elisabeth Adam²⁰, Enrico Adriano²¹, Diana Adrião²², Saleh Al Ageel²³, Shakeel Ahmed²⁴, Marina Aiello²¹, Kate Ainscough²⁵, Eka Airlangga²⁶, Tharwat Aisa²⁷, Ali Ait Hssain²⁸, Younes Ait Tamlihat²⁹, Takako Akimoto³⁰, Ernita Akmal³¹, Eman Al Qasim³¹, Tala Al-dabbous³², Abdulrahman Al-Fares³³, Razi Alalqam³⁴, Angela Alberti³⁵, Senthilkumar Alegesan³⁶, Cynthia Alegre³⁷, Marta Alessi³⁸, Beatrice Alex³⁹, Kévin Alexandre⁴⁰, Huda Alfoudri³², Adam Ali⁴¹, Imran Ali⁴², Naseem Ali Shah⁴³, Naseem Ali Sheikh⁴³, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou⁴⁴, Jeffrey Aliudin²⁸, Qabas Alkhafajee²⁴, Clotilde Allavena⁴⁵, Nathalie Allou⁴⁶, Aneela Altaf⁴⁷,⁴⁸, João Alves⁴⁹, João Melo Alves⁵⁰, Rita Alves⁵¹, Maria Amaral⁵¹, Nur Amira⁵², Heidi Ammerlaan⁵³, Phoebe Ampaw⁵⁴, Roberto Andini⁵⁵, Claire Andrejak¹⁴, Andrea Angheben⁵⁶, François Angoulvant¹⁴, Séverine Ansart⁵⁷, Sivanesen Anthonidass⁵⁸, Massimo Antonelli⁵⁹, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito⁶⁰, Kazi Rubayet Anwar⁶¹, Ardiyan Apriyana⁶², Yaseen Arabi¹¹, Irene Aragao⁶³, Francisco Arancibia⁶⁴, Carolline Araujo⁶⁰, Antonio Arcadipane⁶⁵, Patrick Archambault⁶⁶, Lukas Arenz⁶⁷, Jean-Benoît Arlet⁶⁸, Christel Arnold-Day⁶⁹, Ana Aroca⁷⁰, Lovkesh Arora⁷¹, Rakesh Arora⁷², Elise Artaud-Macari⁴⁰, Diptesh Aryal¹⁷,⁷³,⁷⁴, Motohiro Asaki⁷⁵, Angel Asensio⁷⁶, Elizabeth Ashley⁷⁷,⁷⁸,⁷⁹,⁸⁰, Muhammad Ashraf⁵², Namra
Asif<sup>81</sup>, Mohammad Asim<sup>82</sup>, Jean Baptiste Assie<sup>83</sup>, Amirul Asyraf<sup>52</sup>, Anika Atique<sup>84</sup>, A. M. Udara Lakshan Attanyake<sup>73</sup>, Johann Auchabie<sup>85</sup>, Hugues Aumaitre<sup>86</sup>, Adrien Auvet<sup>68,87</sup>, Eyvind W. Axelsen<sup>88</sup>, Laurène Azemar<sup>89</sup>, Cecile Azoulay<sup>90</sup>, Benjamin Bach<sup>39</sup>, Delphine Bachelet<sup>14</sup>, Claudine Badr<sup>91</sup>, Roar Bævre-Jensen<sup>88</sup>, Nadia Baig<sup>92</sup>, J. Kenneth Baillie<sup>39,93</sup>, J Kevin Baird<sup>26,94</sup>, Erica Bak<sup>95</sup>, Agamemnon Bakakos<sup>96</sup>, Nazreen Abu Bakar<sup>12</sup>, Andriy Bal<sup>97</sup>, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan<sup>52</sup>, Valeria Balan<sup>98</sup>, Firouzé Bani-Sadr<sup>99</sup>, Renata Barbalho<sup>100</sup>, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa<sup>101</sup>, Wendy S. 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Daniel Cornet¹¹⁰, Arianne Joy Corpuz³², Andrea Cortegiani³⁸, Grégory Corvaisier²⁰⁵, Emma Costigan¹⁹⁵, Camille Couffignal¹⁴, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues¹⁴, Roxane Courtois⁸⁵, Stéphanie Cousse²⁰⁶, Rachel Cregan¹⁹⁵, Charles Crepy D'Orleans¹⁶², Sabine Croonen²⁰⁷, Gloria Crowl²⁰⁸, Jonathan Crump¹⁹⁴, Claudina Cruz⁵¹,²⁰⁹, Juan Luis Cruz Berm¹¹⁸, Jaime Cruz Rojo¹¹⁸, Marc Csete²¹⁰, Alberto Cucino²¹¹, Ailbhe Cullen³⁴, Matthew Cummings²¹², Ger Curley³⁴, Gerard Curley³⁴, Elodie Curlier²¹³, Colleen Curran¹⁵⁰, Paula Custodio¹⁰⁰, Federico D'Amico²¹⁴, Frédérick D'Aragon²¹⁵, Eric D'Ortenzio¹⁴, Ana da Silva Filipe³⁹, Charlene Da Silveira¹⁴, Al-Awwab Dabaliz²¹⁶, Andrew Dagens⁹⁸, John Arne Dahl⁸⁸, Darren Dahly¹⁵⁰,²¹⁷, Heidi Dalton²⁰⁴, Jo Dalton³⁹, Seamus Daly³⁶, Nick Daneman¹⁸⁰, Corinne Daniel²¹⁸, Emmanuelle A Dankwa⁹⁸, Jorge Dantas⁵¹, Mark de Boer²¹⁹, Gillian de Loughry²¹⁷, Diego de Mendoza¹⁷⁸, Etienne De Montmollin¹³⁵, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França⁶⁰, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira²²⁰, Rosanna De Rosa⁵⁵, Cristina De Rose¹⁵⁷, Thushan de Silva³⁹, Peter de Vries²⁰⁷, Jillian Deacon²²¹, David Dean²²², Alexa Debard²²³, Bianca DeBenedictis³⁴, Marie-Pierre Debray¹⁴, Nathalie DeCastro²²⁴, William Dechert²⁰³, Lauren Deconninck¹³⁵, Romain Decours¹⁹⁹, Eve Defous²²⁵, Isabelle Delacroix⁸³, Eric Delaveuve²²⁶, Karen Delavigne²²⁷, Nathalie M. Delfos²²⁸, Ionna Deligiannis²⁰, Andrea Dell'Amore²²⁹, Christelle Delmas¹⁴, Pierre Delobel²²³, Corine Delsing¹¹⁰, Elisa Demonchy²³⁰, Emmanuelle Denis⁹⁸, Dominique Deplanque¹⁴,²³¹, Pieter Depuydt²³², Mehul Desai²³³, Diane Descamps¹⁴, Mathilde Desvallées¹⁴, Santi Dewayanti⁶², Pathik Dhanger¹²⁵, Alpha Diallo¹⁴, Sylvain Diamantis¹⁷⁹, André Dias²⁰⁹, Andrea Dias¹⁷³, Juan Jose Diaz²³⁴, Priscila Diaz²³⁵, Rodrigo Diaz²³⁶, Kévin Didier⁹⁹, Jean-Luc Diehl⁶⁸, Wim Dieperink²³⁷, Jérôme Dimet²³⁸, Vincent Dinot¹⁶¹, Fara Diop⁹¹, Alphonsine Diouf¹⁴, Yael Dishon²³⁹, Félix Djossou²⁴⁰, Annemarie B. Docherty³⁹, Helen Doherty³⁴, Arjen M Dondorp⁷³, Andy Dong¹⁶², Christl A. Donnelly⁹⁸, Maria Donnelly²⁴¹, Chloe Donohue³⁹, Sean Donohue³⁶, Yoann Donohue³⁶, Peter Doran²⁵, Céline Dorival¹⁴, Phouvieng Douangdala⁷⁸, James Joshua Douglas²⁴², Renee Douma²⁴³, Nathalie Dournon¹³⁸, Triona Downer²⁴⁴, Joanne Downey²⁵, Mark Downing²⁴⁵, Tom Drake³⁹, Aoife Driscoll¹⁷², Amiel A. Dror¹⁶, Murray Dryden¹³³, Claudio Duarte Fonseca⁶⁰, Vincent Dubee²⁴⁶, François Dubos¹⁴, Audrey Dubot-Pérès⁷⁸,⁷⁹,⁸⁰, Alexandre Ducancelle²⁴⁶, Toni Duculan²⁴⁷,²⁴⁸, Susanne Dudman²⁴⁹, Abhijit Duggal²⁵⁰, Paul Dunand²²⁶, Jake Dunning³⁹,⁹³, Mathilde Duplaix¹⁷⁷, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni⁵⁵, Lucian Durham III²⁵¹, Bertrand Dussol²⁵², Juliette Duthoit²⁵³, Xavier Duval¹⁴, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise²⁴⁹, Sim Choon Ean¹⁹¹, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos¹²³, Giorgio Economopoulos²¹, Michael Edelstein¹⁶, Siobhan Egan¹⁷², Linn Margrete Eggesbø⁸⁸, Carla Eira²²⁰, Mohammed El Sanharawi⁹¹, Subbarao Elapavaluru²⁰⁰, Brigitte Elharrar⁸³, Jacobien Ellerbroek²⁵⁴, Merete Ellingjord-Dale⁸⁸, Philippine Eloy¹⁴, Tarek Elshazly²¹⁶, Iqbal Elyazar⁹⁴, Isabelle Enderle²⁵⁵, Tomoyuki Endo²⁵⁶, Chan Chee Eng⁵⁸, Ilka Engelmann⁴⁴, Vincent Enouf¹⁴, Olivier Epaulard¹⁴², Martina Escher⁹⁸, Mariano Esperatti²⁵⁷, Hélène Esperou¹⁴, Marina Esposito-Farese¹⁴, João Estevão⁵¹, Long COVID India Etienne²⁵⁸, Manuel Etienne¹⁴,⁴⁰, Nadia Ettalhaoui¹⁴, Anna Greti Everding²⁵⁹, Mirjam Evers²⁶⁰,²⁶¹, Isabelle Fabre²¹³, Marc Fabre²⁶², Amna Faheem²⁶³, Arabella Fahy²⁴¹, Cameron J. Fairfield³⁹, Zul Fakar⁴⁸, Komal Fareed⁴⁷, Pedro Faria⁵¹, Ahmed Farooq²⁶⁴, Hanan Fateena⁵², Arie Zainul Fatoni²⁶⁵, Karine Faure⁴⁴, Raphaël Favory⁴⁴, Mohamed Fayed²⁶⁶, Niamh Feely²⁴, Laura Feeney²⁵, Jorge Fernandes⁵¹, Marília Andreia Fernandes⁵¹, Susana Fernandes²⁶⁷, François-Xavier Ferrand²⁶⁸, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge⁴⁰, Joana Ferrão⁵¹, Carlo Ferrari²¹, Mário Ferraz⁵¹, Benigno Ferreira²⁵⁹, Isabel Ferreira²³⁵, Sílvia Ferreira¹⁶⁴, Ricard Ferrer-Roca³⁷, Nicolas Ferriere⁵⁷, Céline Ficko¹⁴⁴, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello¹⁰⁰, William Finlayson⁴¹, Juan Fiorda¹²³, Thomas Flament²⁶⁹, Clara Flateau¹⁷⁹, Tom Fletcher³⁹, Letizia Lucia Florio⁵⁵, Brigid Flynn²⁷⁰, Deirdre Flynn¹⁵⁰, Federica Fogliazza²¹, Claire Foley³⁴, Jean Foley¹⁵⁰, Victor Fomin¹⁵⁶, Tatiana Fonseca²², Patricia Fontela²⁷¹, Simon Forsyth²⁰⁴, Denise Foster²⁷², Giuseppe Foti²⁷³, Erwan Fourn²⁷⁴, Robert A. Fowler⁹³,¹⁸⁰, Marianne Fraher²⁷⁵, Diego Franch-Llasat²⁷⁶, Christophe Fraser⁹⁸, John F Fraser²⁰⁴, Marcela Vieira Freire⁶⁰, Ana Freitas Ribeiro¹⁰⁰, Craig French¹⁵⁸, Caren Friedrich²⁷⁷, Ricardo Fritz⁶⁴, Stéphanie Fry²³¹, Nora Fuentes²⁵⁷, Masahiro Fukuda²⁷⁸, G Argin²⁷⁹,²⁸⁰, Valérie Gaborieau²⁸¹, Rostane Gaci¹⁶¹, Massimo Gagliardi⁵⁵, Jean-Charles Gagnard²⁸², Nathalie Gagné²⁸³, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon¹³⁷, Sérgio Gaião²⁸⁴, Linda Gail Skeie²⁴⁹, Phil Gallagher²⁵, Elena Gallego Curto²⁸⁵, Carrol Gamble³⁹, Yasmin Gani⁵², Arthur Garan²⁸⁶, Rebekha Garcia²⁶⁶, Noelia García Barrio¹¹⁸, Julia Garcia-Diaz²⁸⁷, Esteban Garcia-Gallo¹⁵⁹, Navya Garimella¹⁰⁸, Federica Garofalo²¹, Denis Garot²⁶⁹, Valérie Garrait⁸³, Basanta Gauli²⁸⁸, Nathalie Gault¹⁴, Aisling Gavin²⁴⁴, Anatoliy Gavrylov²⁸⁹, Alexandre Gaymard¹⁴, Johannes Gebauer²⁹⁰, Eva Geraud²²⁵, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes²³⁸, Nuno Germano⁵¹,
Praveen Kumar Ghisulal²⁹¹,²⁹², Jade Ghosn¹⁴, Marco Giani²⁷³, Carlo Giaquinto²⁹³, Jess
Gibson²⁹⁴, Tristan Gigante¹⁴, Morgane Gilg¹⁴, Elaine Gilroy²⁹⁵, Guillermo Giordano²⁹⁶, Michelle
Girvan³⁹, Valérie Gissot²⁶⁹, Jesse Gitaka²⁹⁷, Gezy Giwangkancana²⁹⁸, Daniel Glikman¹⁶,²⁹⁹, Petr
Glybochko¹⁵⁶, Eric Gnall³⁰⁰, Geraldine Goco³⁰¹, François Goehringer¹²¹, Siri Goepel³⁰², Jean-
Christophe Goffard¹⁵, Jin Yi Goh³⁰³, Jonathan Golob³⁰⁴, Rui Gomes³⁰⁵, Kyle Gomez⁴¹, Joan
Gómez-Junyent¹⁶⁶, Marie Gominet¹⁴⁴, Bronner P. Gonçalves⁹⁸, Alicia Gonzalez¹²³, Patricia
Gordon³⁰⁶, Yanay Gorelik¹⁶, Isabelle Gorenne¹⁴, Laure Goubert²⁰⁶, Cécile Goujard¹⁸¹, Tiphaine
Goulenok¹³⁵, Margarite Grable³⁰⁷, Jeronimo Graf³⁰⁸, Edward Wilson Grandin²⁸⁶, Pascal
Granier³⁰⁹, Giacomo Grasselli²⁰¹, Lorenzo Grazioli¹²⁴, Christopher A. Green³⁹, Courtney
Greene¹⁹⁵, William Greenhalf³⁹, Segolène Greffe³¹⁰, Domenico Luca Grieco⁵⁹, Matthew
Griffee¹⁹⁴, Fiona Griffiths³⁹, Ioana Grigoras³¹¹, Albert Groenendijk³¹², Anja Grosse
Lordemann³¹³, Heidi Gruner⁵¹,³¹⁴, Yusing Gu⁸⁴, Fabio Guarracino³¹⁵, Jérémie Guedj¹⁴, Martin
Guego²⁶⁸, Dewi Guellec⁵⁷, Anne-Marie Guerguerian³⁰¹, Daniela Guerreiro⁵¹, Romain Guery⁴⁵,
Anne Guillaumot¹²¹, Laurent Guilleminault³¹⁶, Maisa Guimarães de Castro³¹⁷, Thomas
Guimard¹⁹⁹, Marieke Haalboom¹¹⁰, Daniel Haber²³⁹, Hannah Habraken³¹⁸, Ali Hachemi³¹⁹,
Amy Hackmann³²⁰, Nadir Hadri¹⁸¹, Fahir Haidri³²¹, Sheeba Hakak²¹⁷, Adam Hall³²², Matthew
Hall⁹⁸, Sophie Halpin³⁹, Jawad Hameed³²³, Ansley Hamer³²⁴, Raph L. Hamers²⁶,⁹⁴, Rebecca
Hamidfar¹⁴², Bato Hammarström⁸⁸, Terese Hammond³²⁵, Lim Yuen Han³²⁶, Rashan Haniffa⁷³,
Kok Wei Hao³²⁶, Hayley Hardwick³⁹, Ewen M. Harrison³⁹, Janet Harrison³⁹, Samuel Bernard
Ekow Harrison³²⁷, Alan Hartman³⁵, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan³²⁸, Junaid Hashmi²⁷, Madiha
Hashmi¹⁰, Ailbhe Hayes⁴², Leanne Hays²⁵, Jan Heerman³²⁹, Lars Heggelund³³⁰, Ross Hendry³⁹,
Martina Hennessy²⁴⁴, Aquiles Henriquez-Trujillo³³¹, Maxime Hentzien⁹⁹, Jaime Hernandez-
Montfort¹⁵³, Daniel Herr³³², Andrew Hershey³³³, Liv Hesstvedt²⁴⁹, Astarini Hidayah³³⁴, Dawn
Higgins²⁴⁴, Eibhilin Higgins³⁶, Rita Hinchion¹⁷², Samuel Hinton²⁰⁴, Hiroaki Hiraiwa³³⁵, Haider
Hirkani²⁵⁸, Hikombo Hitoto³³⁶, Antonia Ho³⁹, Yi Bin Ho³³⁷, Alexandre Hoctin¹⁴, Isabelle
Hoffmann¹⁴, Wei Han Hoh³³⁸, Oscar Hoiting²⁶⁰, Rebecca Holt³³⁹, Jan Cato Holter²⁴⁹, Peter
Horby³⁹,⁹³,⁹⁸, Juan Pablo Horcajada¹⁶⁶, Koji Hoshino³⁴⁰, Kota Hoshino³⁴¹, Ikram Houas¹⁴,
Catherine L. Hough³⁴², Stuart Houltham²⁵⁰, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu⁸⁴, Jean-Sébastien Hulot¹⁴,
Stella Huo³⁴³, Iqbal Hussain¹⁸⁴, Samreen Ijaz³⁹, Hajnal-Gabriela Illes²³⁸, Patrick Imbert³⁴⁴,
Mohammad Imran³⁴⁵, Rana Imran Sikander³⁴⁶, Aftab Imtiaz⁴⁷, Hugo Inácio⁵¹, Carmen Infante
Dominguez¹⁹³, Yun Sii Ing⁵², Elias Iosifidis³⁴⁷, Mariachiara Ippolito³⁸, Sarah Isgett³²⁴, Tiago
Isidoro⁵¹, Nadiah Ismail⁵⁸, Margaux Isnard¹⁷¹, Mette Stausland Istre⁸⁸, Junji Itai³⁴⁸, Asami
Ito³⁴⁹, Daniel Ivulich³⁵⁰, Danielle Jaafar⁹¹, Salma Jaafoura¹⁴, Julien Jabot⁴⁶, Clare Jackson³⁹,
Nina Jamieson⁹⁸, Pierre Jaquet¹³⁵, Waasila Jassat¹³³, Coline Jaud-Fischer²²⁶, Stéphane
Jaureguiberry¹⁸¹, Jeffrey Javidfar¹⁶², Denise Jaworsky³⁵¹, Florence Jego¹⁷¹, Anilawati Mat
Jelani³⁵², Synne Jenum²⁴⁹, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor³³¹,³⁵³, Ong Yiew Joe⁵⁸, Ruth N. Jorge
García³⁵⁴, Silje Bakken Jørgensen⁸⁸, Cédric Joseph³⁵⁵, Mark Joseph¹⁹⁸, Swosti Joshi²²¹, Mercé
Jourdain⁴⁴, Philippe Jouvet¹²⁹, Jennifer June³⁵⁶, Anna Jung³²⁵, Hanna Jung³⁵⁷, Dafsah Juzar⁶²,
Ouifiya Kafif¹⁴, Florentia Kaguelidou¹⁴, Neerusha Kaisbain³⁰³, Thavamany Kaleesvran¹²,
Sabina Kali¹⁴, Alina Kalicinska³⁵⁸, Karl Trygve Kalleberg⁸⁸, Smaragdi Kalomoiri⁹⁶, Muhammad
Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin⁵², Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin³⁵⁹, Nadiah Kamarudin³⁶⁰, Kavita
Kamineni³⁶¹, Darshana Hewa Kandamby³⁶², Chris Kandel²⁰⁸, Kong Yeow Kang¹⁹¹, Darakhshan
Kanwal¹⁰, Dyah Kanyawati³⁶³, Pratap Karpayah⁵², Todd Karsies³⁶⁴, Christiana Kartsonaki⁹⁸,
Daisuke Kasugai³³⁵, Anant Kataria¹²⁵, Kevin Katz²⁶³, Aasmine Kaur⁸⁴, Tatsuya Kawasaki³⁶⁵,
Christy Kay³⁶⁶, Hannah Keane²⁵, Seán Keating³⁹, Pulak Kedia²⁵⁸, Andrea Kelly²⁴⁴, Aoife
Kelly²⁹⁵, Claire Kelly³⁶, Niamh Kelly¹⁵⁰, Sadie Kelly⁹⁸, Yvelinne Kelly²⁴¹, Maeve Kelsey¹⁵⁰, Ryan
Kennedy³⁶⁷, Kalynn Kennon⁹⁸, Sommay Keomany⁷⁹, Maeve Kernan³⁶, Younes Kerroumi³⁶⁸,
Sharma Keshav³⁰⁶, Evelyne Kestelyn³⁶⁹, Imrana Khalid³⁷⁰, Osama Khalid¹⁰, Antoine Khalil¹⁴,
Coralie Khan¹⁴, Irfan Khan¹⁶⁵, Quratul Ain Khan¹⁰, Sushil Khanal³⁷¹, Abid Khatak³²³, Amin
Khawaja³⁴⁵, Krish Kherajani²⁵⁸, Michelle E. Kho³⁷², Denisa Khoo⁵², Ryan Khoo³⁷³, Saye Khoo³⁹,
Nasir Khoso⁸¹, Khor How Kiat³²⁶, Yuri Kida¹⁹⁴, Harrison Kihuga²⁹⁷, Peter Kiiza¹⁸⁰, Beathe
Kiland Granerud²⁴⁹, Anders Benjamin Kildal³⁷⁴, Jae Burm Kim³⁷⁵, Antoine Kimmoun¹²¹, Detlef
Kindgen-Milles¹³⁶, Alexander King²⁵⁰, Nobuya Kitamura³⁷⁶, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
Kjetland⁸⁸, Paul Klenerman³⁹, Rob Klont¹¹⁰, Gry Kloumann Bekken³³⁰, Stephen R Knight³⁹,
Robin Kobbe³¹³, Chamira Kodippily⁷³, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos¹³⁶, Sabin Koirala³⁷⁷, Mamoru
Komatsu³⁷⁸, ISARIC Collaborator Korten³⁷⁹, Volkan Korten³⁸⁰, Caroline Kosgei²⁴⁴, Arsène
Kpangon²⁴⁰, Karolina Krawczyk²⁵, Sudhir Krishnan²⁵⁰, Vinothini Krishnan⁵², Oksana
Kruglova²⁸⁹,³⁸¹, Deepali Kumar³⁸², Ganesh Kumar⁵⁸, Mukesh Kumar¹⁰, Pavan Kumar Vecham³⁸³, Dinesh Kuriakose²⁷, Ethan Kurtzman³⁸⁴, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti³⁸⁵, Demetrios Kutsogiannis³⁸⁶, Galyna Kutsyna²⁸⁹, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis⁹⁶, Erwan L'Her⁵⁷, Marie Lachatre⁹⁰, Marie Lacoste³⁸⁷, John G. Laffey³⁶, Marie Lagrange⁴⁶, Fabrice Laine¹⁸², Olivier Lairez³⁸⁸, Sanjay Lakhey³⁸⁹, Antonio Lalueza¹¹⁸, Marc Lambert²³¹, François Lamontagne²¹⁵, Marie Langelot-Richard²⁰⁵, Vincent Langlois²⁰⁶, Eka Yudha Lantang³⁹⁰, Marina Lanza¹⁰⁰, Cédric Laouénan¹⁴, Samira Laribi¹⁴, Delphine Lariviere²⁰⁵, Stéphane Lasry¹⁶⁹, Sakshi Lath²⁵⁸, Naveed Latif³⁹¹, Odile Launay⁹⁰, Didier Laureillard³⁹², Yoan Lavie-Badie³⁸⁸, Andrew Law³⁹, Andy Law³⁹, Cassie Lawrence³⁹³, Teresa Lawrence³⁹⁴, Minh Le¹⁴, Clément Le Bihan³⁹⁵, Cyril Le Bris¹⁷⁴, Georges Le Falher¹⁷⁴, Lucie Le Fevre¹³⁵, Quentin Le Hingrat¹⁴, Marion Le Maréchal¹⁴², Soizic Le Mestre¹⁴, Gwenaël Le Moal³⁹⁶, Vincent Le Moing³⁹⁵, Hervé Le Nagard¹⁴, Paul Le Turnier⁴⁵, Ema Leal²⁰⁹, Marta Leal Santos²⁰⁹, Biing Horng Lee¹⁰⁹, Heng Gee Lee³⁹⁷, James Lee³⁹,⁹⁸, Su Hwan Lee³⁹⁸, Todd C. Lee⁸⁴, Yi Lin Lee⁵², Gary Leeming³⁹, Bénédicte Lefebvre¹⁸⁷, Laurent Lefebvre³⁹⁰, Benjamin Lefevre¹²¹, Sylvie LeGac¹³⁵, Jean-Daniel Lelievre³⁹⁹, François Lellouche⁴⁰⁰, Adrien Lemaignen²⁶⁹, Véronique Lemee⁴⁰, Anthony Lemeur⁸⁵, Gretchen Lemmink¹¹⁶, Ha Sha Lene⁴⁰¹, Jenny Lennon¹⁹⁵, Rafael León¹⁶⁷, Marc Leone¹²², Michela Leone²⁰¹, Quentin Lepiller¹⁴¹, François-Xavier Lescure¹⁴, Olivier Lesens⁴⁰², Mathieu Lesouhaitier¹⁸², Amy Lester-Grant²⁵, Andrew Letizia⁷⁸,⁷⁹,⁸⁰, Bruno Levy¹²¹, Yves Levy¹⁴, Claire Levy-Marchal¹⁴, Katarzyna Lewandowska⁴⁰³, Gianluigi Li Bassi²⁰⁴, Janet Liang⁴⁰⁴, Ali Liaquat⁴⁰⁵, Geoffrey Liegeon²²⁴, Kah Chuan Lim⁵², Wei Shen Lim³⁹, Chantre Lima¹⁶⁸, Bruno Lina¹⁴, Lim Lina³⁶⁰, Andreas Lind⁸⁸,²⁴⁹, Maja Katherine Lingad⁴⁰⁶, Guillaume Lingas¹⁴, Sylvie Lion-Daolio³⁵⁵, Samantha Lissauer⁴⁰⁷, Keibun Liu⁴⁰⁸, Marine Livrozet⁶⁸, Patricia Lizotte⁴⁰⁰, Antonio Loforte¹⁷⁶, Navy Lolong³¹, Leong Chee Loon⁵⁸, Diogo Lopes⁵¹, Dalia Lopez-Colon⁴⁰⁹, Anthony L. Loschner¹⁹⁸, Paul Loubet³⁹², Bouchra Loufti²³⁸, Guillame Louis¹⁶¹, Silvia Lourenco¹⁶⁸, Lara Lovelace-Macon¹⁰⁸, Lee Lee Low³³⁷, Marije Lowik¹¹⁰, Jia Shyi Loy³⁶⁰, Jean Christophe Lucet¹⁴, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo¹¹⁸, Carlos M. Luna⁴¹⁰, Olguta Lungu³¹¹, Liem Luong⁹⁰, Nestor Luque⁴¹¹, Dominique Luton¹³⁵, Nilar Lwin⁴¹², Ruth Lyons³⁹, Olavi Maasikas¹¹¹, Oryane Mabiala³⁶⁸, Sarah MacDonald⁴¹³, Moïse Machado¹⁰³, Gabriel Macheda³⁴⁴, Juan Macias Sanchez⁴¹⁴, Jai Madhok⁴¹⁵, Hashmi Madiha⁷³, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle¹¹⁸, Jacob Magara²⁹⁷, Giuseppe Maglietta²¹, Rafael Mahieu²⁴⁶, Sophie Mahy¹³², Ana Raquel Maia²³⁵, Lars S. Maier⁴¹⁶, Mylène Maillet³⁴⁴, Thomas Maitre⁸³, Maria Majori²¹, Maximilian Malfertheiner⁴¹⁶, Nadia Malik⁴¹⁷, Paddy Mallon²⁵, Fernando Maltez²⁰⁹, Denis Malvy¹⁴,²⁶¹, Patrizia Mammi²¹, Victoria Manda⁸⁹, Jose M. Mandei³⁹⁰, Laurent Mandelbrot⁴¹⁸, Frank Manetta³⁵, Julie Mankikian²⁶⁹, Edmund Manning¹⁵⁰,⁴¹⁹, Aldric Manuel³⁴⁴, Ceila Maria Sant'Ana Malaque¹⁰⁰, Daniel Marino²²¹, Flávio Marino⁴²⁰, Samuel Markowicz²¹³, Charbel Maroun Eid⁴²¹, Ana Marques⁴⁹, Catherine Marquis²¹⁵, Brian Marsh²⁹⁵, Laura Marsh³⁹, Megan Marshal¹⁹⁷, John Marshall⁹³,³⁷⁰, Celina Turchi Martelli⁶⁰, Dori-Ann Martin⁴²², Emily Martin³⁰⁴, Guillaume Martin-Blondel²²³, Ignacio Martin-Loeches²⁴⁴, Alejandro Martin-Quiros⁴²¹, Alessandra Martinelli¹²⁴, Martin Martinot⁴²³, Ana Martins⁵¹, João Martins⁴⁹, Nuno Martins²³⁵, Caroline Martins Rego¹⁰⁰, Gennaro Martucci⁶⁵, Olga Martynenko²⁸⁹, Eva Miranda Marwali⁶², Marsilla Marzukie³⁵⁹, Juan Fernado Masa Jimenez²⁸⁵, David Maslove⁴²⁴, Phillip Mason⁴²⁵, Sabina Mason²⁴¹, Sobia Masood³⁴⁵, Basri Mat Nor⁷³,⁴²⁶, Moshe Matan²⁹⁹, Henrique Mateus Fernandes⁴²⁷, Meghena Mathew³⁸³, Daniel Mathieu⁴⁴, Mathieu Mattei¹²¹, Romans Matulevics⁹⁸, Laurence Maulin³⁰⁹, Michael Maxwell³⁶, Javier Maynar¹⁰², Mayfong Mayxay⁷⁸,⁷⁹,⁸⁰, Thierry Mazzoni⁸⁵, Natalie Mc Evoy³⁴, Lisa Mc Sweeney¹⁵⁰, Colin McArthur⁹³,⁴²⁸, Aine McCarthy³⁶, Anne McCarthy⁵⁴, Colin McCloskey²¹⁶, Rachael McConnochie⁴²⁹, Sherry McDermott³⁰⁰, Sarah E. McDonald³⁹, Aine McElroy²⁹⁵, Samuel McElwee³³⁹, Victoria McEneany¹⁵¹, Allison McGeer⁴³⁰, Chris McKay⁴³¹, Johnny McKeown¹²³, Kenneth A. McLean³⁹, Paul McNally¹⁹⁵, Bairbre McNicholas³⁶, Elaine McPartlan²⁵, Edel Meaney²⁵, Cécile Mear-Passard⁴⁵, Maggie Mechlin¹¹⁶, Maqsood Meher⁴³², Omar Mehkri²⁵⁰, Ferruccio Mele⁵⁵, Luis Melo²³⁵, Kashif Memon⁴³³, Joao Mendes²³⁵, Ogechukwu Menkiti²²¹, Kusum Menon²⁹⁴, France Mentré¹⁴, Alexander J. Mentzer³⁹, Emmanuelle Mercier²⁶⁹, Noémie Mercier¹⁴, Antoine Merckx⁴³⁴, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre²⁴⁰, Blake Mergler¹⁸, Laura Merson³⁹,⁹³,⁹⁸, Tiziana Meschi²¹, António Mesquita⁵¹, Roberta Meta⁴¹, Osama Metwally³⁶, Agnès Meybeck²⁵³, Dan Meyer³⁰⁷, Alison M. Meynert³⁹, Vanina Meysonnier³⁶⁸, Amina Meziane¹⁴, Mehdi Mezidi¹²⁸, Giuliano Michelagnoli⁴³⁵, Céline Michelanglei²³⁰, Isabelle Michelet⁴³⁶, Efstathia Mihelis³⁵, Vladislav Mihnovit¹¹¹, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado³³¹,³⁵³, Nor Arisah Misnan⁵², Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed⁵⁸,
Tahira Jamal Mohamed⁵⁸, Asma Moin⁴¹⁷, David Molina¹⁵⁵, Elena Molinos¹⁶⁴, Brenda Molloy²⁵, Mary Mone¹⁹⁴, Agostinho Monteiro⁵¹, Claudia Montes¹⁰⁷, Giorgia Montrucchio¹⁴⁹, Sarah Moore⁹⁸, Shona C. Moore³⁹, Lina Morales Cely¹⁵⁹, Lucia Moro⁵⁶, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo⁴³⁷, Ben Morton⁴⁰⁷, Catherine Motherway¹⁷², Ana Motos⁴³⁸, Hugo Mouquet¹⁴, Clara Mouton Perrot²⁹⁶, Julien Moyet³⁵⁵, Caroline Mudara¹³³, Aisha Kalsoom Mufti⁸², Ng Yong Muh⁵⁸, Dzawani Muhamad⁴³⁹, Jimmy Mullaert¹⁴, Fredrik Müller²⁴⁹, Karl Erik Müller³³⁰, Daniel Munblit¹⁵⁶, Syed Muneeb³⁴⁶, Nadeem Munir⁴⁴⁰, Laveena Munshi⁴⁴¹, Aisling Murphy¹⁵⁰,²¹⁷, Lorna Murphy²⁵, Marlène Murris³¹⁶, Srinivas Murthy⁹³,⁹⁸,⁴⁴², Himed Musaab³⁰⁶, Carlotta Mutti²¹, Himasha Muvindi⁷³, Gugapriyaa Muyandy⁵², Dimitra Melia Myrodia⁹⁶, Farah Nadia Mohd-Hanafiah⁴²⁶, Dave Nagpal⁴³¹, Mangala Narasimhan³⁵, Nageswaran Narayanan²⁷, Rashid Nasim Khan⁴⁴³, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland⁴⁴⁴, Nadège Neant¹⁴, Holger Neb²⁰, Coca Necso¹⁴⁵, Nikita A. Nekliudov¹⁵⁶, Erni Nelwan⁹⁴, Raul Neto²², Emily Neumann²⁵¹, Bernardo Neves⁴⁴⁶, Pauline Yeung Ng⁴⁴⁷, Wing Yiu Ng⁴⁴⁸, Anthony Nghi²⁶⁸, Jane Ngure²⁹⁷, Duc Nguyen²⁶¹, Orna Ni Choileain³⁴, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair³⁶, Alistair Nichol²⁵,⁹³, Prompak Nitayavardhana⁴⁴⁹, Stephanie Nonas⁴⁵⁰, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin³⁶⁰, Marion Noret¹⁴, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam⁵², Lisa Norman³⁹, Alessandra Notari²⁷⁷, Mahdad Noursadeghi³⁹, Karolina Nowicka⁴⁵¹, Adam Nowinski⁴⁰³, Saad Nseir⁴⁴, Jose I. Nunez²⁸⁶, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih⁴⁵², Dwi Utomo Nusantara⁴⁵³,⁴⁵⁴,⁴⁵⁵, Elsa Nyamankolly⁸⁷,³¹⁹, Anders Benteson Nygaard⁸⁸, Fionnuala O. Brien¹⁵⁰, Annmarie O. Callaghan¹⁵⁰, Annmarie O’Callaghan⁴¹⁹, Max O’Donnell²¹², Sophie O’Halloran¹⁹⁷, Katie O’Hearn²⁹⁴, Conar O’Neil⁴⁵⁶, Linda O’Shea³⁰⁶, Miriam O’Sullivan⁴², Giovanna Occhipinti⁶⁵, Derbrenn OConnor²⁷⁵, Tawnya Ogston⁴⁵⁷, Takayuki Ogura⁴⁰⁸, Tak-Hyuk Oh³⁵⁷, Shinichiro Ohshimo³⁴⁸, Agnieszka Oldakowska⁴⁵¹, João Oliveira⁵⁰, Larissa Oliveira⁴⁵⁸, Piero L. Olliaro⁹⁸, David S. Y. Ong¹⁴⁵, Jee Yan Ong¹¹⁵, Wilna Oosthuyzen³⁹, Anne Opavsky⁴⁵⁹, Peter Openshaw³⁹, Saijad Orakzai³²³, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro¹⁵⁵, Andrés Orquera³⁵³, Jamel Ortoleva⁴⁶⁰, Javier Osatnik³⁵⁰, Siti Zubaidah Othman⁵⁸, Paul Otiku¹⁶, Nadia Ouamara¹⁶¹, Rachida Ouissa²¹³, Clark Owyang⁴¹⁵, Eric Oziol¹⁷⁴, Maïder Pagadoy¹⁴¹, Justine Pages¹⁴, Amanda Palacios⁴⁶¹, Mario Palacios¹⁵⁵, Massimo Palmarini³⁹, Giovanna Panarello⁶⁵, Prasan Kumar Panda¹²⁵, Hem Paneru³⁷⁷, Lai Hui Pang⁵², Mauro Panigada²⁰¹, Nathalie Pansu³⁹⁵, Aurélie Papadopoulos¹⁴, Paolo Parducci²¹, Edwin Fernando Paredes Oña⁴⁶², Rachael Parke⁹³,⁴²⁹, Melissa Parker⁴⁶³, Briseida Parra¹⁵⁵, Vieri Parrini⁴³⁵, Taha Pasha⁴⁶⁴, Jérémie Pasquier¹⁶⁰, Bruno Pastene¹²², Fabian Patauner⁵⁵, Drashti Patel²⁵⁸, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan¹⁸⁸, Luís Patrão²²⁰, Patricio Patricio⁴⁶⁵, Juliette Patrier¹³⁵, Laura Patrizi²¹, Lisa Patterson⁴⁶⁶, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik⁴⁶⁷, Christelle Paul¹⁴, Mical Paul²³⁹, Jorge Paulos⁵¹, William A. Paxton³⁹, Jean-François Payen¹⁴², Kalaiarasu Peariasamy¹⁸⁸, Miguel Pedrera Jiménez¹¹⁸, Giles J. Peek⁴⁰⁹, Florent Peelman⁴⁶⁸, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja¹⁴, Vincent Peigne¹⁷¹, Mare Pejkovska⁴³⁰, Paolo Pelosi¹⁰⁶, Ithan D. Peltan³⁴², Rui Pereira⁵⁰,⁵¹, Daniel Perez¹⁵⁵, Luis Periel¹²³, Thomas Perpoint¹¹⁴, Antonio Pesenti²⁰¹, Vincent Pestre²⁹⁶, Lenka Petrou⁴⁶⁹, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez¹⁴, Michele Petrovic⁴⁷⁰, Frank Olav Pettersen²⁴⁹, Gilles Peytavin¹⁴, Scott Pharand⁵⁴, Ooyanong Phonemixay⁷⁸,⁷⁹,⁸⁰, Michael Piagnerelli¹²⁷, Walter Picard²⁸¹, Olivier Picone¹⁴,⁴¹⁸, Maria de Piero⁴⁷¹, Carola Pierobon¹⁷¹, Djura Piersma¹¹⁰, Carlos Pimentel⁵¹, Raquel Pinto²⁰⁹, Catarina Pires⁵¹, Isabelle Pironneau³⁹⁶, Lionel Piroth¹³², Roberta Pisi²¹, Ayodhia Pitaloka²⁶, Riinu Pius³⁹, Simone Piva⁴⁷², Laurent Plantier²⁶⁹, Hon Shen Png⁵⁸, Julien Poissy⁴⁴, Ryadh Pokeerbux²³¹, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak⁴⁵¹, Sergio Poli²¹⁰, Georgios Pollakis³⁹, Diane Ponscarme²²⁴, Jolanta Popielska⁴⁵¹, Diego Bastos Porto¹¹³, Andra-Maris Post⁴⁷³, Douwe F. Postma²³⁷, Pedro Povoa¹⁷⁵, Diana Póvoas⁵¹,²⁰⁹, Jeff Powis²⁰⁸, Sofia Prapa⁹⁶, Viladeth Praphasiri⁸⁰, Sébastien Preau⁴⁴, Christian Prebensen¹¹⁷, Jean-Charles Preiser¹⁵, Anton Prinssen²⁶⁰, Mark G. Pritchard⁹⁸, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani⁷³, Lucia Proença⁵⁰, Sravya Pudota¹⁷², Oriane Puéchal¹⁴, Bambang Pujo Semedi⁴⁷⁴, Mathew Pulicken⁴⁷⁵, Matteo Puntoni²¹, Gregory Purcell²⁴⁴, Luisa Quesada²¹⁰, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona²²¹, Víctor Quirós González¹¹⁸, Else Quist-Paulsen²⁴⁹, Mohammed Quraishi¹⁶⁵, Maia Rabaa⁹⁴, Christian Rabaud¹²¹, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan³⁸³, Aldo Rafael⁴⁷⁶, Marie Rafiq²²³, Gabrielle Ragazzo¹⁶², Mutia Rahardjani²⁶, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman⁴⁰¹, Rozanah Abd Rahman³⁰³, Arsalan Rahutullah⁸², Fernando Rainieri⁴¹⁰, Giri Shan Rajahram³⁵⁹, Pratheema Ramachandran³⁸³, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan³⁸³, Kollengode Ramanathan⁴⁷⁷, Ahmad Afiq Ramli⁵², Blandine Rammaert³⁹⁶, Grazielle Viana Ramos¹⁴⁶, Anais Rampello²¹, Asim Rana⁴⁷⁸, Rajavardhan Rangappa²⁷⁹, Ritika Ranjan³⁶, Elena Ranza²¹, Christophe Rapp¹⁶⁹, Aasiyah Rashan⁷³, Thalha Rashan⁷³, Ghulam Rasheed¹⁰, Menaldi Rasmin³¹, Indrek Rätsep⁴⁷³, Cornelius
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Sarmiento<sup>35</sup>, Benjamine Sarton<sup>223</sup>, Ankana Satya<sup>258</sup>, Sree Satyapriya<sup>123</sup>, Rumaisah Satyawati<sup>493</sup>, Egle Saviciute<sup>39</sup>, Parthena Savvidou<sup>347</sup>, Yen Tsen Saw<sup>397</sup>, Justin Schaffer<sup>494</sup>, Tjard Schermer<sup>495</sup>, Arnaud Scherpereel<sup>231</sup>, Marion Schneider<sup>14</sup>, Stephan Schroll<sup>496</sup>, Michael Schwameis<sup>154</sup>, Gary Schwartz<sup>497</sup>, Janet T. Scott<sup>39</sup>, James Scott-Brown<sup>39</sup>, Nicholas Sedillot<sup>140</sup>, Tamara Seitz<sup>498</sup>, Jaganathan Selvanayagam<sup>499</sup>, Mageswari Selvarajoo<sup>52</sup>, Caroline Semaille<sup>14</sup>, Malcolm G. 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Shaw<sup>39</sup>, Victoria Shaw<sup>39</sup>, Ashraf Sheharyar<sup>323</sup>, Dr. Rajesh Mohan Shetty<sup>279</sup>, Rohan Shetty<sup>258</sup>, Haixia Shi<sup>123</sup>, Nisreen Shiban<sup>162</sup>, Mohiuddin Shiekh<sup>73</sup>, Takuya Shiga<sup>501</sup>, Nobuaki Shime<sup>348</sup>, Hiroaki Shimizu<sup>502</sup>, Keiki Shimizu<sup>503</sup>, Naoki Shimizu<sup>504</sup>, Sally Shrapnel<sup>204</sup>, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha<sup>505</sup>, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha<sup>506</sup>, Hoi Ping Shum<sup>507</sup>, Nassima Si Mohammed<sup>14</sup>, Ng Yong Siang<sup>303</sup>, Jeanne Sibiude<sup>418</sup>, Bountoy Sibounheuang<sup>78,79,80</sup>, Atif Siddiqui<sup>508</sup>, Louise Sigfrid<sup>39,98</sup>, Piret Sillaots<sup>473</sup>, Catarina Silva<sup>49</sup>, Maria Joao Silva<sup>63</sup>, Rogério Silva<sup>97</sup>, Benedict Sim Lim Heng<sup>188</sup>, Wai Ching Sin<sup>447</sup>, Dario Sinatti<sup>157</sup>, Budha Charan Singh<sup>125</sup>, Punam Singh<sup>217</sup>, Pompini Agustina Sitompul<sup>493</sup>, Karisha Sivam<sup>52</sup>, Vegard Skogen<sup>374</sup>, Sue Smith<sup>98</sup>, Benjamin Smood<sup>18</sup>, Coilin Smyth<sup>217</sup>, Michelle Smyth<sup>25,151</sup>, Morgane Snacken<sup>15</sup>, Dominic So<sup>362</sup>, Tze Vee Soh<sup>439</sup>, Lene Bergendal Solberg<sup>88</sup>, Joshua Solomon<sup>84</sup>, Tom Solomon<sup>39</sup>, Emily Somers<sup>304</sup>, Agnès Sommet<sup>316</sup>, Myung Jin Song<sup>509</sup>, Rima Song<sup>318</sup>, Tae Song<sup>202</sup>, Jack Song Chia<sup>36</sup>, Michael Sonntagbauer<sup>20</sup>, Azlan Mat Soom<sup>338</sup>, Arne Søraas<sup>88</sup>, Camilla Lund Søraas<sup>88</sup>, Alberto Sotto<sup>392</sup>, Edouard Soum<sup>468</sup>, Ana Chora Sousa<sup>168</sup>, Marta Sousa<sup>267</sup>, Maria Sousa Uva<sup>267</sup>, Vicente Souza-Dantas<sup>510,511</sup>, Alexandra Sperry<sup>18</sup>, Elisabetta Spinuzza<sup>38</sup>, B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana<sup>73</sup>, Shiranee Sriskandan<sup>39</sup>, Sarah Stabler<sup>44</sup>, Thomas Staudinger<sup>154</sup>, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher<sup>67</sup>, Trude Steinsvik<sup>512</sup>, Ymkje Stienstra<sup>237</sup>, Birgitte Stiksrud<sup>249</sup>, Eva Stolz<sup>34</sup>, Amy Stone<sup>150</sup>, Adrian Streinu-Cercel<sup>491</sup>, Anca Streinu-Cercel<sup>491</sup>, Samantha Strudwick<sup>98</sup>, Ami Stuart<sup>194</sup>, David Stuart<sup>39</sup>, Decy Subekti<sup>26,94</sup>, Gabriel Suen<sup>513</sup>, Jacky Y. Suen<sup>204</sup>, Asfia Sultana<sup>245</sup>, Charlotte Summers<sup>39</sup>, Dubravka Supic<sup>197</sup>, Deepashankari Suppiah<sup>115</sup>, Magdalena Surovcová<sup>469</sup>, Suwarti Suwarti<sup>26,94</sup>, Andrey A. Svistunov<sup>156</sup>, Sarah Syahrin<sup>52</sup>, Konstantinos Syrigos<sup>96</sup>, Jaques Sztajnbok<sup>100</sup>, Konstanty Szuldrzynski<sup>514</sup>, Shirin Tabrizi<sup>84</sup>, Fabio S. Taccone<sup>15</sup>, Lysa Tagherset<sup>14</sup>, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib<sup>58</sup>, Ewa Talarek<sup>451</sup>, Sara Taleb<sup>28</sup>, Jelmer Talsma<sup>495</sup>, Renaud Tamisier<sup>515</sup>, Maria Lawrenzia Tampubolon<sup>493</sup>, Kim Keat Tan<sup>52</sup>, Le Van Tan<sup>369</sup>, Yan Chyi Tan<sup>52</sup>, Clarice Tanaka<sup>516</sup>, Hiroyuki Tanaka<sup>517</sup>, Taku Tanaka<sup>335</sup>, Hayato Taniguchi<sup>518</sup>, Huda Taqdees<sup>81</sup>, Arshad Taqi<sup>391</sup>, Coralie Tardivon<sup>14</sup>, Pierre Tattevin<sup>182</sup>, M Azhari Taufik<sup>519</sup>, Hassan Tawfik<sup>36</sup>, Richard S. Tedder<sup>39</sup>, Tze Yuan Tee<sup>359</sup>, João Teixeira<sup>51</sup>, Sofia Tejada<sup>102</sup>, Marie-Capucine
Tellier¹⁴, Sze Kye Teoh³⁵², Vanessa Teotonio⁵²⁰, François Téoulé¹⁴, Pleun Terpstra⁴⁹⁵, Olivier Terrier¹⁴, Nicolas Terzi¹⁴², Hubert Tessier-Grenier¹³⁹, Adrian Tey¹⁷², Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit⁵², Anand Thakur⁵²¹, Zhang Duan Tham⁵⁸, Suvintheran Thangavelu⁵², Vincent Thibault¹⁸², Simon-Djamel Thiberville⁵²², Benoît Thill¹⁷⁴, Jananee Thirumanickam⁵², Shaun Thompson⁵²³, David Thomson⁶⁹, Emma C. Thomson³⁹, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai⁵², Duong Bich Thuy³⁶⁹, Ryan S. Thwaites³⁹, Andrea Ticinesi²¹, Paul Tierney²⁴¹, Vadim Tieroshyn²⁸⁹, Peter S. Timashev¹⁵⁶, Jean-François Timsit¹⁴, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan³⁸³, Noémie Tissot¹⁴¹, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh⁵⁸, Maria Toki⁹⁶, Kristian Tonby²⁴⁹, Sia Loong Tonnii¹¹⁵, Antoni Torres⁴³⁸, Margarida Torres²⁰⁹, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo⁴²¹, Hernando Torres-Zevallos⁵²⁴, Michael Towers³⁴, Tony Trapani¹⁵⁸, Théo Treoux¹⁴, Huynh Trung Trieu³⁶⁹, Cécile Tromeur⁵⁷, Ioannis Trontzas⁹⁶, Tiffany Trouillon¹³⁷, Jeanne Truong⁵²⁵, Christelle Tual¹⁴, Sarah Tubiana¹⁴, Helen Tuite³⁶, Jean-Marie Turmel¹⁶⁰, Lance C. W. Turtle³⁹, Anders Tveita⁵¹², Pawel Twardowski⁵²⁶, Makoto Uchiyama⁴⁵⁷, P G Ishara Udayanga⁷³, Andrew Udy¹⁵⁸, Roman Ullrich¹⁵⁴, Alberto Uribe¹²³, Asad Usman¹⁸, Timothy M. Uyeki⁹³, Cristinava Vajdovics²⁴, Luís Val-Flores⁵¹, Piero Valentini¹⁵⁷, Ana Luiza Valle⁵²⁷, Amélie Valran³⁴⁴, Ilaria Valzano²¹, Stijn Van de Velde³²⁹, Marcel van den Berge⁵²⁸, ⁵²⁹, Machteld Van der Feltz²²⁸, Job van der Palen¹¹⁰, Paul van der Valk¹¹⁰, Nicky Van Der Vekens³²⁹, Peter Van der Voort²³⁷, Sylvie Van Der Werf¹⁴, Marlice van Dyk⁴¹³, Laura van Gulik⁵³⁰, Jarne Van Hattem²⁰⁷, Carolien van Netten⁵²⁹, Gitte Van Twillert⁵³¹, Ilonka van Veen¹¹⁰, Noémie Vanel¹⁴, Henk Vanoverschelde³²⁹, Pooja Varghese²⁵, Michael Varrone³⁵, Shoban Raj Vasudayan³³⁸, Charline Vauchy¹⁴¹, Shaminee Veeran⁵², Aurélie Veislinger¹⁴, Sebastian Vencken²⁵, Sara Ventura⁵⁰, Annelies Verbon³¹², James Vickers⁹⁸, José Ernesto Vidal¹⁰⁰, César Vieira⁵¹, Deepak Vijayan⁵³², Joy Ann Villanueva²⁸, Judit Villar¹⁶⁶, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve⁵³³, Andrea Villoldo²⁵⁷, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau³⁶⁹, Gayatri Vishwanathan²⁵⁸, Benoit Visseaux¹⁴, Hannah Visser⁵³⁴, Chiara Vitiello⁶⁵, Manivanh Vongsouvath⁷⁸, ⁷⁹, ⁸⁰, Harald Vonkeman¹¹⁰, Fanny Vuotto⁴⁴, Noor Hidayu Wahab⁵⁸, Suhaila Abdul Wahab<fnref n="12" />, Nadirah Abdul Wahid⁵², Marina Wainstein¹⁰¹, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri⁴⁸, Chih-Hsien Wang¹⁸⁶, Steve Webb⁹³, Jia Wei⁹⁸, Katharina Weil¹³⁶, Tan Pei Wen³³⁸, Sanne Wesselius¹⁴⁵, T. Eoin West¹⁰⁸, Murray Wham³⁹, Bryan Whelan⁴², Nicole White²⁰⁴, Paul Henri Wicky¹³⁵, Aurélie Wiedemann¹⁴, Surya Otto Wijaya⁴⁹³, Keith Wille³³⁹, Suzette Willems⁵³⁵, Virginie Williams¹⁷⁷, Evert-Jan Wils¹⁴⁵, Calvin Wong¹⁰⁹, ²³², Teck Fung Wong¹¹⁵, Xin Ci Wong¹⁸⁸, Yew Sing Wong⁵², Natalie Wright⁴¹, Gan Ee Xian⁵⁸, Lim Saio Xian¹⁹¹, Kuan Pei Xuan⁵², Ioannis Xynogalas⁹⁶, Sophie Yacoub³⁶⁹, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop⁵⁸, Masaki Yamazaki⁵³⁶, Yazdan Yazdanpanah¹⁴, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing⁵⁸, Cécile Yelnik²³¹, Chian Hui Yeoh³³⁷, Stephanie Yerkovich²⁰⁴, Touxiong Yiaye⁸⁰, Toshiki Yokoyama⁵³⁷, Hodane Yonis¹²⁸, Obada Yousif³⁰⁶, Saptadi Yuliarto³³⁴, Akram Zaaqoq³⁵³, Marion Zabbe⁴⁶⁸, Kai Zacharowski²⁰, Masliza Zahid⁵³⁹, Maram Zahran²³⁹, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan³⁶⁰, Maria Zambon³⁹, Miguel Zambrano⁶⁴, Alberto Zanella²⁰¹, Konrad Zawadka⁴⁵¹, Nurul Zaynah⁵⁸, Hiba Zayyad²⁹⁹, Alexander Zoufaly⁴⁹⁸, David Zucman²⁷⁴ & The Western Australian COVID-19 Research Response⁵⁴⁰

<footnote n="10">¹⁰Ziauddin Medical University Clifton Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. ¹¹King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</footnote>

<footnote n="12">¹²Tuanku Fauziah Hospital, Perlis, Malaysia. ¹³Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan. ¹⁴INSERM, Paris, France.</footnote>

<footnote n="15">¹⁵CUB-Hopital Erasme, Anderlecht, Belgium. ¹⁶Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ¹⁷Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. ¹⁸Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. ¹⁹Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan. ²⁰Uniklinik University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. ²¹University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. ²²Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Espinho, Portugal. ²³King Faisal Hospital Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ²⁴University Hospital, Kerry, Ireland. ²⁵St Vincaters University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ²⁶Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital and Bunda Thamrin Hospital, North Sumatera, Indonesia. ²⁷Our lady of Lourdes Drogheda, Drogheda, Ireland. ²⁸Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</footnote>

<footnote n="29">²⁹Centre Hospitalier de Saintonge, Saintes, France. ³⁰Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan. ³¹Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. ³²Al-Adan Hospital, Hadiya, Kuwait. ³³Al-Amiri & Jaber Al-Ahmed Hospitals, Kuwait City, Kuwait. ³⁴Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ³⁵Northwell Health, New York, USA. ³⁶Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland. ³⁷Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. ³⁸University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy. ³⁹ISARIC4C, England, United Kingdom. ⁴⁰Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rouen (Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen), Rouen, France. ⁴¹St Bernard's Hospital, Gibraltar, Gibraltar. ⁴²Sligo University Hospital (Saolta), Sligo, Ireland. ⁴³Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. ⁴⁴Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France. ⁴⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (Hôpital femme-enfant-adolescent), Nantes, France. ⁴⁶Centre Hospitalier Félix-Guyon, Saint-Denis, Réunion. ⁴⁷Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. ⁴⁸Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia. ⁴⁹Centro Hospital e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ⁵⁰Hospital de São José -U.U.M., Lisbon, Portugal. ⁵¹Hospital Curry Cabral - Intensive Care Unit -, UCIP7, Lisbon, Portugal. ⁵²Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia. ⁵³Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, Netherlands. ⁵⁴The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada. ⁵⁵Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy. ⁵⁶Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar Di Valpolicella, Italy.</footnote>
⁵⁷Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France. ⁵⁸Kuala Lumpur Hospital, WPKL, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ⁵⁹Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. ⁶⁰Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil. ⁶¹NICVD Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ⁶²National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. ⁶³Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Porto, Portugal. ⁶⁴Instituto Nacional Del Tórax, Santiago, Chile. ⁶⁵Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy. ⁶⁶CISSS Chaudière-Appalaches, Sainte-Marie, Canada. ⁶⁷LMU Hospital Munich, Medical Department II, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany. ⁶⁸Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁶⁹Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. ⁷⁰Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. ⁷¹University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. ⁷²St. Boniface Hospital, Manitoba, Canada. ⁷³Critical Care Asia Network, Bangkok, Thailand. ⁷⁴Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. ⁷⁵Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Fujieda, Japan. ⁷⁶Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. ⁷⁷Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Laos. ⁷⁸Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital, Luang Namtha, Laos. ⁷⁹Salavan Provincial Hospital, Salavan, Laos. ⁸⁰Xieng Khouang Provincial Hospital, Phonsavan, Laos. ⁸¹South City Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. ⁸²North West General Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. ⁸³Centre Hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France. ⁸⁴McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. ⁸⁵Centre Hospitalier de Cholet, Cholet, France. ⁸⁶Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan, Perpignan, France. ⁸⁷Centre Hospitalier de Dax - Côte d'Argent, Dax, France. ⁸⁸The Norwegian Corona Cohort, Oslo, Norway. ⁸⁹Hôpital Lariboisière AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁹⁰Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁹¹Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France. ⁹²Grande Prairie Queen Elizabeth II, Grande Prairie, Canada. ⁹³WHO-ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Protocol & SPRINT-SARI Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom. ⁹⁴Pratama Rada Bolo Hospital, Karitas Hospital and Waikabubak Hospital, Sumba, Indonesia. ⁹⁵Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA. ⁹⁶Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece. ⁹⁷Unidade Local de Saúde de Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo, Portugal. ⁹⁸ISARIC Global Support Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom. ⁹⁹Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France. ¹⁰⁰Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ¹⁰¹Caja Nacional De Salud, Trinidad, Bolivia. ¹⁰²Hospital Universitario de Alava, Araba, Spain. ¹⁰³Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (Site de Marne-la-Vallée), Jossigny, France. ¹⁰⁴The Christ Hospital, Ohio, USA. ¹⁰⁵Mayo Hospital Lahore (BICU), Lahore, Pakistan. ¹⁰⁶San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy. ¹⁰⁷Clinica Valle de Lilli, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. ¹⁰⁸University of Washington Medical Center - Northwest, Seattle, USA. ¹⁰⁹Raja Permaisuri Bainun Hospital, Perak, Malaysia. ¹¹⁰Medisch Spectrum Twente, Zutphen, Netherlands. ¹¹¹Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia. ¹¹²Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada. ¹¹³Sao Camilo Cura D'ars, Fortaleza, Brazil. ¹¹⁴Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL, Lyon, France. ¹¹⁵Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia. ¹¹⁶University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA. ¹¹⁷Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway. ¹¹⁸Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. ¹¹⁹Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France. ¹²⁰Oklahoma Heart Institute, Oklahoma, USA. ¹²¹Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy - Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France. ¹²²Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France. ¹²³Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. ¹²⁴Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII - Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. ¹²⁵All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India. ¹²⁶Thonon-les-Bains, Thonon-les-Bains, France. ¹²⁷Civil Hospital Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium. ¹²⁸Hôpital Lyon Sud - HCL, Lyon, France. ¹²⁹The Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada. ¹³⁰Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain. ¹³¹Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. ¹³²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mitterrand Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France. ¹³³National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa. ¹³⁴Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Hengelo, Netherlands. ¹³⁵Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard AP-HP, Paris, France. ¹³⁶University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. ¹³⁷Centre Hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France. ¹³⁸Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France. ¹³⁹Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. ¹⁴⁰Centre Hospitalier de Bourg-en-Bresse, Bourg-en-Bresse, France. ¹⁴¹Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France. ¹⁴²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France. ¹⁴³Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (Hôtel-Dieu), Nantes, France. ¹⁴⁴Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé, France. ¹⁴⁵Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands. ¹⁴⁶National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI-FIOCRUZ), Ministry of Health, and D'Or Institute of Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ¹⁴⁷Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Mamoudzou, Mayotte. ¹⁴⁸Hospital Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal. ¹⁴⁹Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy. ¹⁵⁰Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland. ¹⁵¹Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ¹⁵²Nelson Hospital, Nelson, New Zealand. ¹⁵³Cleveland Clinic, Weston, USA. ¹⁵⁴Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. ¹⁵⁵Universidad del Cauca, Cauca, Colombia. ¹⁵⁶Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. ¹⁵⁷Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. ¹⁵⁸Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. ¹⁵⁹Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia. ¹⁶⁰Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Saint Martin, France. ¹⁶¹Centre Hospitalier Régional Metz-Thionville, Metz, France. ¹⁶²Emory University Healthcare System, Atlanta, USA. ¹⁶³Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, USA. ¹⁶⁴Comissão de Ética - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal. ¹⁶⁵Presbyterian Hospital Services, Albuquerque, USA. ¹⁶⁶Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. ¹⁶⁷Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain. ¹⁶⁸Hospital Espírito Santo de Évora, Évora, Portugal. ¹⁶⁹Hôpital Américain de Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. ¹⁷⁰Vancouver Island Health, Vancouver, Canada. ¹⁷¹Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, Chambéry, France. ¹⁷²University Hospital - Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. ¹⁷³Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Pediátrico, Coimbra, Portugal. ¹⁷⁴Centre Hospitalier de Béziers, Béziers, France. ¹⁷⁵Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal. ¹⁷⁶Policlinicodi Orsola Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. ¹⁷⁷Hospital du Sacre Coeur, Montreal, Canada. ¹⁷⁸Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain. ¹⁷⁹Centre Hospitalier de Melun, Melun, France. ¹⁸⁰Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. ¹⁸¹Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. ¹⁸²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes (Hôpital Pontchaillou), Rennes, France. ¹⁸³Hôpital Tenon AP-HP, Paris, France. ¹⁸⁴Pakistan Kidney & Liver Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. ¹⁸⁵University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center, Guadalajara, Mexico. ¹⁸⁶National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan. ¹⁸⁷Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, Paris, France. ¹⁸⁸National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia. ¹⁸⁹Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy. ¹⁹⁰Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-gu, South Korea. ¹⁹¹Pulau Pinang Hospital, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. ¹⁹²Sunway Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia. ¹⁹³University
Hospital Virgen del Rocío/Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Seville, Spain. ¹⁹⁴University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. ¹⁹⁵Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. ¹⁹⁶Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada. ¹⁹⁷Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland. ¹⁹⁸Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, USA. ¹⁹⁹Centre Hospitalier Départemental Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, France. ²⁰⁰Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA. ²⁰¹Fondazione IRCCS Ca, Milan, Italy. ²⁰²University of Chicago, Chicago, USA. ²⁰³Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, Canada. ²⁰⁴University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. ²⁰⁵Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France. ²⁰⁶Hôpital Jacques Monod, Le Havre, France. ²⁰⁷Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, Netherlands. ²⁰⁸Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, Canada. ²⁰⁹Hospital de Curry Cabral - Infectious Diseases, Lisbon, Portugal. ²¹⁰Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA. ²¹¹Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari della Provincia Autonoma de Trento, Arco, Italy. ²¹²Columbia University, New York, USA. ²¹³Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. ²¹⁴Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy. ²¹⁵Centre hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. ²¹⁶UH Cleveland Hospital, Cleveland, USA. ²¹⁷University Hospital - Waterford, Waterford, Ireland. ²¹⁸Saint-Martin, Saint-, Martin, Guadeloupe. ²¹⁹Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ²²⁰Centro Hospitalar de Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal. ²²¹St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, USA. ²²²Piedmont Atlanta Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ²²³Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France. ²²⁴Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP, Paris, France. ²²⁵Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, Le Puy-en-Velay, France. ²²⁶Hôpital Bel-Air, Thionville, France. ²²⁷Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse (IUCT), Toulouse, France. ²²⁸Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands. ²²⁹Policlinico of Padova, Padova, Italy. ²³⁰Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (Hôpital Archet), Nice, France. ²³¹Hôpital Albert Calmette, Lille, France. ²³²Universitair Ziekenhuis, Gent, Belgium. ²³³INOVA Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. ²³⁴Hospital Universitario Dr Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain. ²³⁵Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal. ²³⁶Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. ²³⁷University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. ²³⁸Centre Hospitalier Mont-de-Marsan, Mont-de-Marsan, France. ²³⁹Rambam Hospital, Haifa, Israel. ²⁴⁰Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana. ²⁴¹Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ²⁴²Lions Gate Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. ²⁴³Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands. ²⁴⁴St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ²⁴⁵St Joseph's Health Center, Sherbrooke, Canada. ²⁴⁶Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France. ²⁴⁷Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. ²⁴⁸Rochester General Hospital, New York, USA. ²⁴⁹Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. ²⁵⁰Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, Ohio, OH, USA. ²⁵¹Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA. ²⁵²Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France. ²⁵³Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France. ²⁵⁴Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, Netherlands. ²⁵⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes (Hôpital Sud), Rennes, France. ²⁵⁶Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan. ²⁵⁷Mar del Plata Medical Foundation Private Community Hospital, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. ²⁵⁸Long COVID India - Terna Specialty Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India. ²⁵⁹Hospitales Puerta de Hierro, Jalisco, Mexico. ²⁶⁰Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmenjen, Netherlands. ²⁶¹Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. ²⁶²Centre Hospitalier Pierre Oudot, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France. ²⁶³North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada. ²⁶⁴Doctors Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. ²⁶⁵Adult ICU Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. ²⁶⁶University of California San Francisco - Fresno, Fresno, USA. ²⁶⁷Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Amadora, Portugal. ²⁶⁸Centre Hospitalier Techer, Calais, France. ²⁶⁹Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France. ²⁷⁰University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA. ²⁷¹The Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada. ²⁷²Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. ²⁷³Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy. ²⁷⁴Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France. ²⁷⁵Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland. ²⁷⁶Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain. ²⁷⁷Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. ²⁷⁸Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Tochigi, Japan. ²⁷⁹Manipal Hospital Whitefield, Bangalore, India. ²⁸⁰RSUP Fatmawati, South Jakarta, Indonesia. ²⁸¹Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France. ²⁸²Hôpital privé d'Antony, Antony, France. ²⁸³Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada. ²⁸⁴São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal. ²⁸⁵San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain. ²⁸⁶Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA. ²⁸⁷Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA. ²⁸⁸Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal. ²⁸⁹Lugansk State Medical University - Department of Internal Medicine No2, Lugansk, Ukraine. ²⁹⁰Klinikum Passau, Germant, Germany. ²⁹¹Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. ²⁹²Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ²⁹³University of Padua, Padua, Italy. ²⁹⁴Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. ²⁹⁵Mater Misericordiae University, Dublin, Ireland. ²⁹⁶Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut, Avignon, France. ²⁹⁷Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya. ²⁹⁸Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. ²⁹⁹The Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel. ³⁰⁰Lankenau Institute of Medical Research, Wynnewood, USA. ³⁰¹The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Canada. ³⁰²University Hospital of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. ³⁰³Permai Hospital, Johor, Malaysia. ³⁰⁴University of Michigan Schools of Medicine & Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA. ³⁰⁵Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal. ³⁰⁶Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Ireland. ³⁰⁷Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA. ³⁰⁸Clinica Alemana DeSantiago, Santiago, Chile. ³⁰⁹Centre Hospitalier du Pays d'Aix, Aix-en-Provence, France. ³¹⁰Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. ³¹¹Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. ³¹²Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands. ³¹³University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ³¹⁴Hospital de Curry Cabral - Internal Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal. ³¹⁵Azienda Ospedaliero Universitario Pisana, Pisa, Italy. ³¹⁶Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse (Larrey), Toulouse, France. ³¹⁷Hospital de Amor, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ³¹⁸Middlemore Hospital (Canties Manukan Health), Otahuhu, New Zealand. ³¹⁹Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, Soissons, France. ³²⁰UT Southwestern, Dallas, USA. ³²¹SIUT Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. ³²²Red Deer Regional Hospital, Red Deer, Canada. ³²³Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. ³²⁴McLeod Healthcare System, Florence, USA. ³²⁵Providence Saint John's Health Centre, Santa Monica, USA. ³²⁶Kluang Hospital, Johor, Malaysia. ³²⁷Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana. ³²⁸University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ³²⁹AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium. ³³⁰Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway. ³³¹Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador. ³³²University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. ³³³Lancaster General Health, Pennsylvania, USA. ³³⁴PICU Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. ³³⁵Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. ³³⁶Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France. ³³⁷Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Kedah, Malaysia. ³³⁸Tuanku Ja'afar,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. ³³⁹University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, USA. ³⁴⁰Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan. ³⁴¹Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. ³⁴²US NHLBI PETAL Network, Boston, USA. ³⁴³University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA. ³⁴⁴Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Annecy, France. ³⁴⁵NICVD, Karachi, Pakistan. ³⁴⁶PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan. ³⁴⁷Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. ³⁴⁸Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. ³⁴⁹Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan. ³⁵⁰Hospital Aleman, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ³⁵¹Mills Memorial Hospital, Terrace, Canada. ³⁵²Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia. ³⁵³Catholic University, Quito, Ecuador. ³⁵⁴Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia, Zaragoza, Spain. ³⁵⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France. ³⁵⁶Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, USA. ³⁵⁷Kyung Pook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea. ³⁵⁸Consortium IMGEN, Piaseczno, Poland. ³⁵⁹Tawau Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia. ³⁶⁰Melaka Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia. ³⁶¹ABC Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India. ³⁶²Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Hung, China. ³⁶³Sanglah General Hospital (Paediatric), Bali, Indonesia. ³⁶⁴Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. ³⁶⁵Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. ³⁶⁶Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. ³⁶⁷University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA. ³⁶⁸Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France. ³⁶⁹Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ³⁷⁰Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada. ³⁷¹Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. ³⁷²St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada. ³⁷³Lahad Datu Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia. ³⁷⁴University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway. ³⁷⁵Keimyung University Dong San Hospital, Daegu, South Korea. ³⁷⁶Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Chiba, Japan. ³⁷⁷Hospital for Advanced Medicine and Surgery (HAMS) 1, Kathmandu, Nepal. ³⁷⁸Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital, Obihiro, Japan. ³⁷⁹Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands. ³⁸⁰Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. ³⁸¹Kharkiv Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kharkiv, Ukraine. ³⁸²University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. ³⁸³Apollo Hospitals Chennai, Chennai, India. ³⁸⁴Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA. ³⁸⁵University Airlangga Hospital (Paediatric), Surabaya, Indonesia. ³⁸⁶Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. ³⁸⁷Centre Hospitalier Alpes-Leman, Contamine-sur-Arve, France. ³⁸⁸Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse (Rangueil), Toulouse, France. ³⁸⁹B & B Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. ³⁹⁰Prof Dr R. D. Kandou Central Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. ³⁹¹National Hospital & Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan. ³⁹²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France. ³⁹³Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand. ³⁹⁴University of Alberta Adult ICU, Edmonton, Canada. ³⁹⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. ³⁹⁶Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France. ³⁹⁷Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia. ³⁹⁸Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. ³⁹⁹Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France. ⁴⁰⁰University Institute of Cardiology and Respirology, Quebec, Canada. ⁴⁰¹Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Terengganu, Malaysia. ⁴⁰²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France. ⁴⁰³Institute of TB and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. ⁴⁰⁴Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand. ⁴⁰⁵Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. ⁴⁰⁶Angeles University Foundation Medical Center, Angeles, Philippines. ⁴⁰⁷Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi. ⁴⁰⁸Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan. ⁴⁰⁹University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. ⁴¹⁰Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ⁴¹¹Hospital Emergencia Ate Vitarte, Lima, Peru. ⁴¹²Port Macquarie Base Hospital, Port Macquarie, Australia. ⁴¹³Netcare Unitas ECMO Centre, Centurion, South Africa. ⁴¹⁴Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain. ⁴¹⁵Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA. ⁴¹⁶Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, University Hospital Regensburg, Kiel, Germany. ⁴¹⁷William Osler Health Sciences System - Etobicoke General Hospital, Toronto, Canada. ⁴¹⁸Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France. ⁴¹⁹Mercy Hospital, Cork, Ireland. ⁴²⁰Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon, Portugal. ⁴²¹La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ⁴²²Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada. ⁴²³Centre Hospitalier de Colmar, Colmar, France. ⁴²⁴Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada. ⁴²⁵Brooke Army Medical Centre, San Antonio, USA. ⁴²⁶International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre (IIUMMC), Pahang, Malaysia. ⁴²⁷Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ⁴²⁸Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand. ⁴²⁹Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. ⁴³⁰Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. ⁴³¹London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada. ⁴³²GMMM Teaching Hospital, Sukkar, Pakistan. ⁴³³Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. ⁴³⁴Centre Hospitalier de Cahors, Cahors, France. ⁴³⁵Borgo San Lorenzo Hospital, Trento, Italy. ⁴³⁶Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rouen (Hôpital Charles Nicolle), Rouen, France. ⁴³⁷Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador. ⁴³⁸Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. ⁴³⁹Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Pahang, Malaysia. ⁴⁴⁰Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center (SICU), Karachi, Pakistan. ⁴⁴¹Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, Canada. ⁴⁴²BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. ⁴⁴³Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. ⁴⁴⁴University Hospital Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada. ⁴⁴⁵St-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. ⁴⁴⁶Hospital Da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal. ⁴⁴⁷Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, China. ⁴⁴⁸Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Yau Ma Tei, China. ⁴⁴⁹Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital (SiPH), Bangkok, Thailand. ⁴⁵⁰Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA. ⁴⁵¹Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. ⁴⁵²Dr Sardjito Government Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ⁴⁵³Alanda Health, Oslo, Norway. ⁴⁵⁴Clínica Pasteur, Neuquén, Argentina. ⁴⁵⁵RSUD Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. ⁴⁵⁶Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. ⁴⁵⁷Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, USA. ⁴⁵⁸Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR), São Paulo, Brazil. ⁴⁵⁹Joseph Brant Hospital, Burlington, Canada. ⁴⁶⁰Tufts Medical Centre, Boston, USA. ⁴⁶¹Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Arizona, USA. ⁴⁶²Hospital General San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. ⁴⁶³McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. ⁴⁶⁴Azeema Sheikh Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. ⁴⁶⁵Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal. ⁴⁶⁶Niagara Health, Niagara, Canada. ⁴⁶⁷Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, India. ⁴⁶⁸Centre Hospitalier de Périgueux, Périgueux, France. ⁴⁶⁹University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czechia. ⁴⁷⁰Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Canada. ⁴⁷¹Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands. ⁴⁷²University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. ⁴⁷³North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallin, Estonia. ⁴⁷⁴RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia. ⁴⁷⁵Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital, Kerala, India. ⁴⁷⁶Baylor University Medical Centre, Dallas, USA. ⁴⁷⁷National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. ⁴⁷⁸Bahria International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. ⁴⁷⁹Hospital de Abrantes - ICU, Abrantes, Portugal. ⁴⁸⁰Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France. ⁴⁸¹Centre Hospitalier Agen-Nérac, Agen, France. ⁴⁸²Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. ⁴⁸³University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. ⁴⁸⁴The Center for Diagnosis, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. ⁴⁸⁵CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, France. ⁴⁸⁶Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Canada. ⁴⁸⁷Sheikh Zayed Medical
College Rahim yar Khan, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan. ⁴⁸⁸Hôpital Laënnec - site de Quimper, Quimper, France. ⁴⁸⁹Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia. ⁴⁹⁰Hospital Universitari Sant Joan D'Alacant, Alicante, Spain. ⁴⁹¹National Institute for Infectious Diseases Matei Bals, Bucharest, Romania. ⁴⁹²Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal. ⁴⁹³RSPI Prof Dr Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia. ⁴⁹⁴The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, USA. ⁴⁹⁵Gelre Hospitals, Zutphen, Netherlands. ⁴⁹⁶Krankenhaus Barmherzige Br, Regensburg, Germany. ⁴⁹⁷Baylor AllSaints Medical Centre, Fort Worth, USA. ⁴⁹⁸Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Sud, Vienna, Austria. ⁴⁹⁹Mehta Hospital, Chennai, India. ⁵⁰⁰Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal. ⁵⁰¹Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. ⁵⁰²Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan. ⁵⁰³Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. ⁵⁰⁴St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan. ⁵⁰⁵Om Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. ⁵⁰⁶Karuna Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. ⁵⁰⁷Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, China. ⁵⁰⁸Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada. ⁵⁰⁹Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. ⁵¹⁰Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. ⁵¹¹Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ⁵¹²Baerum Sykehus, Gjettum, Norway. ⁵¹³Sturgeon Community Hospital, St Albert, Canada. ⁵¹⁴University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland. ⁵¹⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes FU, Grenoble, France. ⁵¹⁶Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ⁵¹⁷Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan. ⁵¹⁸Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. ⁵¹⁹Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. ⁵²⁰Complexo Hospitalar Dr Clementino Fraga, João Pessoa city, Brazil. ⁵²¹Nidan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. ⁵²²Centre Hospitalier Louis Raffalli, Manosque, France. ⁵²³University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA. ⁵²⁴Clínica Internacional, Lima, Peru. ⁵²⁵Hôpital Robert-Debré AP-HP, Paris, France. ⁵²⁶Dunedin Public Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand. ⁵²⁷Mater Dei Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. ⁵²⁸ADRZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ⁵²⁹Adrz, Goes, Netherlands. ⁵³⁰Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, Netherlands. ⁵³¹Noordwest-Ziekenhuisgroep, DenHelder, Netherlands. ⁵³²Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, India. ⁵³³Grey Nun's Community Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. ⁵³⁴Beatrix ziekenhuis, Gorinchem, Netherlands. ⁵³⁵Royal Columbian Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. ⁵³⁶Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. ⁵³⁷Kouritu Tousei Hospital, Seto City, Japan. ⁵³⁸MedStar Washington Hospital Centre, Washington, USA. ⁵³⁹Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor, Malaysia. ⁵⁴⁰University of Western Australia/Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia.