<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

Dana Schabo ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-0608

Daniel Schneider ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-4973

Ralf Steinmetz ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-9359

Markus Vogelbacher ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7237-3696

Stephan Wöllauer ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-8294

Julian Zobel ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5648-3297

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Hill, A. P., Prince, P., Piña Covarrubias, E., Doncaster, C. P., Snaddon, J. L., & Rogers, A. (2018). AudioMoth: Evaluation of a smart open acoustic device for monitoring biodiversity and the environment. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 9(5), 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12955

Höchst, J., Baumgärtner, L., Kuntke, F., Penning, A., Sterz, A., & Freisleben, B. (2020). LoRa-based device-to-device smartphone communication for crisis scenarios. *Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2020)*.

Höchst, J., Bellafkir, H., Lampe, P., Vogelbacher, M., Mühling, M., Schneider, D., Lindner, K., Rösner, S., Schabo, D. G., Farwig, N., & Freisleben, B. (2022). Bird@edge: Bird species recognition at the edge. In M.-A. Koulali & M. Mezini (Eds.), *Networked systems (Vol. 13464*, pp. 69–86). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17436-0_6

Höchst, J., Gottwald, J., Lampe, P., Zobel, J., Nauss, T., Steinmetz, R., & Freisleben, B. (2021). tRackIT OS: Open-source software for reliable VHF wildlife tracking. *Informatik*, 2021, 425–442. https://doi.org/10.18420/INFORMATIK2021-035

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jacob, D., Taylor, M., Guillén Bolaños, T., Bindi, M., Brown, S., Camilloni, I. A., Diedhiou, A., Djalante, R., Ebi, K., Engelbrecht, F., Guiot, J., Hijioka, Y., Mehrotra, S., Hope, C. W., Payne, A. J., Pörtner, H.-O., Seneviratne, S. I., Thomas, A., ... Zhou, G. (2019). The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5°C. *Science*, 365(6459), eaaw6974. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6974

Inger, R., Gregory, R., Duffy, J. P., Stott, I., Voříšek, P., & Gaston, K. J. (2015). Common European birds are declining rapidly while less abundant species' numbers are rising. *Ecology Letters*, 18(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12387

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Jetz, W., Tertitski, G., Kays, R., Mueller, U., Wikelski, M., Åkesson, S., Anisimov, Y., Antonov, A., Arnold, W., Bairlein, F., Baltà, O., Baum, D., Beck, M., Belonovich, O., Belyaev, M., Berger, M., Berthold, P., Bittner, S., Blake, S., ... Zook, C. (2022). Biological earth observation with animal sensors. *Trends in Ecology & Evolution*, 37(4), 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.011

Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M., & Klinck, H. (2021). BirdNET: A deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. *Ecological Informatics*, 61, 101236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236

Kunz, T. H. (1982). *Ecology of bats* (1st ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3421-7

Kunz, T. H., Braun de Torrez, E., Bauer, D., Lobova, T., & Fleming, T. H. (2011). Ecosystem services provided by bats. *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences*, 1223(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06042.x

Lahoz-Monfort, J. J., & Magrath, M. J. L. (2021). A comprehensive overview of technologies for species and habitat monitoring and conservation. *Bioscience*, 71(10), 1038–1062. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab073

Leather, S. R. (2018). “Ecological Armageddon”—More evidence for the drastic decline in insect numbers. *Annals of Applied Biology*, 172(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12410

LeBien, J., Zhong, M., Campos-Cerqueira, M., Velev, J. P., Dodhia, R., Ferres, J. L., & Aide, T. M. (2020). A pipeline for identification of bird and frog species in tropical soundscape recordings using a convolutional neural network. *Ecological Informatics*, 59, 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101113

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<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

Glöckner, F. O., Diepenbroek, M., Felden, J., Overmann, J., Bonn, A., Gemeinholzer, B., Güntsch, A., König-Ries, B., Seeger, B., Pollex-Krüger, A., Fluck, J., Pigeot, I., Toralf, K., Mühlhaus, T., Wolf, C., Heinrich, U., Steinbeck, C., Koepler, O., Stegle, O., ... Bernard, L. (2019). NFDI4BioDiversity–A consortium for the national research data infrastructure (NFDI). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3457213

González-Jaramillo, V., Fries, A., & Bendix, J. (2019). AGB estimation in a tropical mountain forest (TMF) by means of RGB and multispectral images using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). *Remote Sensing*, 11(12), 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121413

Gottwald, J., Lampe, P., Höchst, J., Friess, N., Maier, J., Leister, L., Neumann, B., Richter, T., Freisleben, B., & Nauss, T. (2021). BatRack: An open-source multi-sensor device for wildlife research. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 12(10), 1867–1874. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13672

Gottwald, J., Royauté, R., Becker, M., Geitz, T., Höchst, J., Lampe, P., Leister, L., Lindner, K., Maier, J., Rösner, S., Schabo, D. G., Freisleben, B., Brandl, R., Müller, T., Farwig, N., & Nauss, T. (2022). Classifying the activity states of small vertebrates using automated VHF telemetry. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 14(1), 252–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14037

Gottwald, J., Zeidler, R., Friess, N., Ludwig, M., Reudenbach, C., & Nauss, T. (2019). Introduction of an automatic and open-source radio-tracking system for small animals. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 10(12), 2163–2172. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13294

Gregory, R. D., van Strien, A., Vorisek, P., Gmelig Meyling, A. W., Noble, D. G., Foppen, R. P. B., & Gibbons, D. W. (2005). Developing indicators for European birds. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences*, 360(1454), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1602

Gröchenig, K. (2001). *Foundations of time-frequency analysis*. Birkhäuser.
Groom, M. J., Meffe, G. K., & Carroll, C. R. (2006). *Principles of conservation biology*. Sinauer Associates.

Gysel, L. W., & Davis, E. M. (1956). A simple automatic photographic unit for wildlife research. *The Journal of Wildlife Management*, 20(4), 451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3797161

Hallmann, C. A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T., Goulson, D., & de Kroon, H. (2017). More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. *PLoS One*, 12, e0185809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185809

Heuer, S., Tafo, P., Dahlke, S., & Holzmann, H. (2019). New aspects in birdsong recognition utilizing the gabor transform. *Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Acoustics*.

Hill, A. P., Prince, P., Piña Covarrubias, E., Doncaster, C. P., Snaddon, J. L., & Rogers, A. (2018). AudioMoth: Evaluation of a smart open acoustic device for monitoring biodiversity and the environment. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 9(5), 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12955

Höchst, J., Baumgärtner, L., Kuntke, F., Penning, A., Sterz, A., & Freisleben, B. (2020). LoRa-based device-to-device smartphone communication for crisis scenarios. *Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2020)*.

Höchst, J., Bellafkir, H., Lampe, P., Vogelbacher, M., Mühling, M., Schneider, D., Lindner, K., Rösner, S., Schabo, D. G., Farwig, N., & Freisleben, B. (2022). Bird@edge: Bird species recognition at the edge. In M.-A. Koulali & M. Mezini (Eds.), *Networked systems (Vol. 13464*, pp. 69–86). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17436-0_6

Höchst, J., Gottwald, J., Lampe, P., Zobel, J., Nauss, T., Steinmetz, R., & Freisleben, B. (2021). tRackIT OS: Open-source software for reliable VHF wildlife tracking. *Informatik*, 2021, 425–442. https://doi.org/10.18420/INFORMATIK2021-035

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jacob, D., Taylor, M., Guillén Bolaños, T., Bindi, M., Brown, S., Camilloni, I. A., Diedhiou, A., Djalante, R., Ebi, K., Engelbrecht, F., Guiot, J., Hijioka, Y., Mehrotra, S., Hope, C. W., Payne, A. J., Pörtner, H.-O., Seneviratne, S. I., Thomas, A., ... Zhou, G. (2019). The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5°C. *Science*, 365(6459), eaaw6974. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6974

Inger, R., Gregory, R., Duffy, J. P., Stott, I., Voříšek, P., & Gaston, K. J. (2015). Common European birds are declining rapidly while less abundant species' numbers are rising. *Ecology Letters*, 18(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12387

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). *Climate change 2021: The physical science basis*. Contribution of working group to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press.

International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2020). *Annual Report 2019. Population Council*.

IPBES – Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2019). Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services (summary for policymakers). *Zenodo*. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3553579

Jetz, W., Tertitski, G., Kays, R., Mueller, U., Wikelski, M., Åkesson, S., Anisimov, Y., Antonov, A., Arnold, W., Bairlein, F., Baltà, O., Baum, D., Beck, M., Belonovich, O., Belyaev, M., Berger, M., Berthold, P., Bittner, S., Blake, S., ... Zook, C. (2022). Biological earth observation with animal sensors. *Trends in Ecology & Evolution*, 37(4), 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.011

Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M., & Klinck, H. (2021). BirdNET: A deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. *Ecological Informatics*, 61, 101236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236

Kunz, T. H. (1982). *Ecology of bats* (1st ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3421-7

Kunz, T. H., Braun de Torrez, E., Bauer, D., Lobova, T., & Fleming, T. H. (2011). Ecosystem services provided by bats. *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences*, 1223(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06042.x

Lahoz-Monfort, J. J., & Magrath, M. J. L. (2021). A comprehensive overview of technologies for species and habitat monitoring and conservation. *Bioscience*, 71(10), 1038–1062. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab073

Leather, S. R. (2018). “Ecological Armageddon”—More evidence for the drastic decline in insect numbers. *Annals of Applied Biology*, 172(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12410

LeBien, J., Zhong, M., Campos-Cerqueira, M., Velev, J. P., Dodhia, R., Ferres, J. L., & Aide, T. M. (2020). A pipeline for identification of bird and frog species in tropical soundscape recordings using a convolutional neural network. *Ecological Informatics*, 59, 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101113

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Masello, J. F., Rast, W., Schumm, Y., Metzger, B., & Quillfeldt, P. (2023). Year-round behavioural time budgets of common woodpigeons inferred from acceleration data using machine learning. *Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology*, 77, 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-023-03306-w

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Mühling, M., Franz, J., Korfhage, N., & Freisleben, B. (2020). *Bird species recognition via neural architecture search*. CLEF working notes, Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF).

Muthulakshmi, K., Manimekalai, M. A. P., & Gopikrishna, C. (2022). Instant fire detection and toxic fumes monitoring in forests with a remote integrated rover. 2022 6th International Conference on *Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)*, 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS54290.2022.9780818

Nado, L., Löbbová, D., Hapl, E., Ceľuch, M., Uhrin, M., Šara, M., & Kaňuch, P. (2019). Highly selective roosting of the giant noctule bat and its astonishing foraging activity by GPS tracking in a mountain environment. *Mammal Research*, 64(4), 587-594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00446-1

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Niu, C., Tarapore, D., & Zauner, K.-P. (2020). Low-viewpoint forest depth dataset for sparse rover swarms. 2020 *IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)*, pp. 8035-8040. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341435

Noskov, A., Achilles, S., & Bendix, J. (2021). Presence and biomass information extraction from highly uncertain data of an experimental low-range insect radar setup. *Diversity*, 13(9), 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13090452

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Noskov, A., Bendix, J., & Friess, N. (2021). A review of insect monitoring approaches with special reference to radar techniques. *Sensors*, 21(4), 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041474

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Schneider, S., Greenberg, S., Taylor, G. W., & Kremer, S. C. (2020). Three critical factors affecting automated image species recognition performance for camera traps. *Ecology and Evolution*, 10(7), 3503-3517. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6147

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Sethi, S. S., Ewers, R. M., Jones, N. S., Orme, C. D. L., & Picinali, L. (2018). Robust, real-time and autonomous monitoring of ecosystems with an open, low-cost, networked device. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 9(12), 2383-2387. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13089

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Torney, C. J., Morales, J. M., & Husmeier, D. (2021). A hierarchical machine learning framework for the analysis of large scale animal movement data. *Movement Ecology*, 9(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00242-0

Turner, W. (2014). Sensing biodiversity. *Science*, 346(6207), 301–302. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256014

Turner, W., Rondinini, C., Pettorelli, N., Mora, B., Leidner, A. K., Szantoi, Z., Buchanan, G., Dech, S., Dwyer, J., Herold, M., Koh, L. P., Leimgruber, P., Taubenboeck, H., Wegmann, M., Wikelski, M., & Woodcock, C. (2015). Free and open-access satellite data are key to biodiversity conservation. *Biological Conservation*, 182, 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.048

UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). Education for sustainable development. A roadmap. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374802/PDF/374802eng.pdf multi

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