# Narrative and Emotional Structures For Generation Of Short Texts For Advice

Rodolphe Priam

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Rodolphe Priam. Narrative and Emotional Structures For Generation Of Short Texts For Advice. 2025. hal-05135171

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Narrative and Emotional Structures For
Generation Of Short Texts For Advice

R. Priam*

**Abstract**

It is proposed a new method for the generation of texts using a large language model (LLM) with a double structural foundation. The supervised generation requires two proposed sets of narrative structures (SN) and emotional dynamics (DE). An explicit definition of 51 SN et 9 DE associated to a user table of topics and characters allows to generate automatically short texts. The main purpose of such texts is to provide advices or learning concepts like wanted in health or security but not often met in practice. A synthetic corpus of 36 texts automatically written on the topic of the urban walk in the experimental section demonstrates the feasibility of the approach. This allows a diversification and a planification of the texts contents as validated in the experiments.

# 1 Introduction

Automatic text generations are recently progressing fast, with advanced systems such a large language models (LLMs). Traditional approaches [13] remain mainly focused on facts and data while not counting for the real dimensions making literature: narratology [11, 4] and emotions [10] both globally. Only a limited part from the classical theory may be kept in practice if the structures are filtered for specific purposes. It may be not considered a full exhaustive typology or taxonomy but only a large number of structures able to diversify the texts for the targeted area or topic. Other approaches looks for automatic construction of large dictionaries of micro-events. In the recent works on the modelisation of the emotional arc in stories, one may read [12, 9, 3]. Automatic generation of narrative texts by LLM/AI has known significative advances during these last years, thanks to the integration of mechanisms of structural and emotional control. Recent works have been interested in LLMs for narrative explicability also. When generating stories, this allows to make the decisions of the LLM more understandable and accessible [8]. More precisely, these approaches focus on improving the consistency, the diversity and the emotional contents for the generated texts by several ways. They focus on structural control [1, 22, 17, 20], or emotional con-

trol [21, 18, 5]. All these works on structures and emotions in the texts, illustrate a tendency towards hybrid systems which combinate the generative power of LLMs with more explicit control structures. The purpose is to produce more coherent, more diversified stories[16, 2] while being also more emotionally engaging. Herein, the purpose is to formalize a method for the systematic generation of structured narratives, short texts for advising/learning a concept. Examples are health advices which seem not well developed until today, but also ecology, driving, security, non formal courses, etc or any domain compound of several/many elementary sub-topics to be learnt. The approach proposed is to controle very closely the narrative structure with additional emotional effects by encoding constraints explicitely. There are some common points with modern automatic analysis of stories. The diversity here is achieved at a structural level. Each generated story is based on a narrative schema and an emotional dynamic selected from a proposed set. The method starts from explicit structures (SN and DE) in order to write short stories. Coming from an exploratory stage using a large language model, narratives et emotional structures are formalized in order to constitute a database of possible diagrams with arrows. This helps at articulating the sequence of events of each short story.

**Plan** The plan of the paper is as follows. After the current introduction, the second section presents the methodology, with a more detailed definition and origin of the structures, as well as the generative algorithm. The third section describes the application to the generation of a corpus of several dozens of texts, followed by the creation of multiple variants on a same topic for comparative purposes when the structures vary. The fourth section concludes with a discussion of the contribution and future perspectives.

# 2 Methodology

Two types of structures are used in this work: narrative structures (NS) and emotional dynamics (ED). These structures were developed during an initial project aimed at generating animal fables to provide health advice to readers. These first structures are reused, selected, and

<footnote>*rpriam@gmail.com</footnote>
<table><caption>Table 1: Extended narrative structures of reference, defined for the controlled construction of short texts.</caption><thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Nom</th><th>Schéma narratif</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SN1</td><td>Mini-bascule</td><td>Situation → Détail → Changement</td></tr><tr><td>SN2</td><td>Errur reconnue</td><td>Errur → Confrontation → Changement</td></tr><tr><td>SN3</td><td>Routine brisée</td><td>Habitude → Brisure → Réinvention</td></tr><tr><td>SN4</td><td>Incertitude clarifiée</td><td>Incertitude → Essai → Clarification</td></tr><tr><td>SN5</td><td>Certitude éprouvée</td><td>Certitude → Confrontation → Ajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN6</td><td>Excès maîtrisé</td><td>Excès → Malaise → Ajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN7</td><td>Curiosité guidée</td><td>Observation → Découverte → Appropriation</td></tr><tr><td>SN8</td><td>Transmission indirecte</td><td>Modèle → Observation → Imitation → Maîtrise</td></tr><tr><td>SN9</td><td>Passage fluide</td><td>Situation double → Transition → Stabilisation</td></tr><tr><td>SN10</td><td>Réflexion silencieuse</td><td>Observation → Identification → Ajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN1<sup>c</sup></td><td>Errur puis correction</td><td>Errur → Réflexion → Correction</td></tr><tr><td>SN2<sup>c</sup></td><td>Apprentissage par observation</td><td>Observation → Appropriation → Application</td></tr><tr><td>SN3<sup>c</sup></td><td>Apprentissage par automatisation</td><td>Répétition → Fluidité → Maîtrise</td></tr><tr><td>SN4<sup>c</sup></td><td>Perception ajustée</td><td>Attention → Observation → Ajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN5<sup>c</sup></td><td>Essai-errur fructueux</td><td>Essai → Errur → Correction → Amélioration</td></tr><tr><td>SN6<sup>c</sup></td><td>Focus-réactivité</td><td>Distraction → Focus → Réaction rapide</td></tr><tr><td>SN7<sup>c</sup></td><td>Évaluation des risques</td><td>Incertitude → Analyse → Décision</td></tr><tr><td>SN8<sup>c</sup></td><td>Gestion du feedback</td><td>Critique → Réflexion → Amélioration</td></tr><tr><td>SN9<sup>c</sup></td><td>Autonomie progressive</td><td>Aide → Expérience → Indépendance</td></tr><tr><td>SN10<sup>c</sup></td><td>Répétition-maîtrise</td><td>Boucle Réajustements → Amélioration → Maîtrise</td></tr><tr><td>SN11<sup>c</sup></td><td>Anticipation des erreurs</td><td>Observation → Anticipation → Évitement</td></tr><tr><td>SN12<sup>c</sup></td><td>Acceptation des limites</td><td>Surestimation → Réalisation → Réajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN13<sup>c</sup></td><td>Adaptation au contexte</td><td>Incertitude → Observation → Adaptation</td></tr><tr><td>SN14<sup>c</sup></td><td>Stratégie personnelle</td><td>Situation → Planification → Amélioration</td></tr><tr><td>SN15<sup>c</sup></td><td>Dépassement d'automatisme</td><td>Mauvaise habitude → Conscience → Changement</td></tr><tr><td>SN16<sup>c</sup></td><td>Théorie mise en pratique</td><td>Théorie → Application → Consolidation</td></tr><tr><td>SN1<sup>g</sup></td><td>Cours explicite</td><td>Exposé → Attention → Appropriation</td></tr><tr><td>SN2<sup>g</sup></td><td>Correction guidée</td><td>Errur → Aide → Ajustement</td></tr><tr><td>SN3<sup>g</sup></td><td>Démonstration</td><td>Présentation → Observation → Appropriation</td></tr><tr><td>SN4<sup>g</sup></td><td>Échange frontal</td><td>Question → Réponse → Reformulation</td></tr><tr><td>SN5<sup>g</sup></td><td>Observation partagée</td><td>Observation → Discussion → Appropriation</td></tr><tr><td>SN6<sup>g</sup></td><td>Entraide entre pairs</td><td>Demande/Soutien → Information/Interaction → Résolution/Compréhension commune</td></tr><tr><td>SN20</td><td>Quête initiatique</td><td>Départ → Épreuves → Révélation → Retour transformé</td></tr><tr><td>SN21</td><td>Collaboration inattendue</td><td>Méfiance initiale → Circonstances communes → Coopération → Résolution (ou Non..)</td></tr><tr><td>SN22</td><td>Confrontation à l'inconnu</td><td>Routine → Événement étrange → Investigation → Explication/Mystère résolu (ou Non..)</td></tr><tr><td>SN23</td><td>Changement de mode de vie</td><td>Comportement à risque → Information → Motivation → Changement/Résistance</td></tr><tr><td>SN24</td><td>Acquisition d'une compétence</td><td>Incompétence → Initiation → Entraînement → Maîtrise</td></tr><tr><td>SN25</td><td>Résolution de problème</td><td>Obstacle → Analyse → Recherche de solutions → Résolution (ou Non..)</td></tr><tr><td>SN26</td><td>Collaboration en groupe</td><td>Tâche commune → Répartition des rôles → Interaction → Production collective</td></tr><tr><td>SN27</td><td>Motivation et persévérance</td><td>Intérêt initial → Difficultés → Découragement → Effort soutenu → Résolution</td></tr><tr><td>SN28</td><td>Transmission intergénérationnelle</td><td>Ancien savoir → Jeune apprenant → Transmission → Pérennité/Transformation</td></tr><tr><td>SN29</td><td>Confrontation à ses peurs</td><td>Évitement → Confrontation progressive → Surpassement → Croissance personnelle</td></tr><tr><td>SN30</td><td>Perte de contrôle</td><td>Routine → Événement perturbateur → Désorientation → Retour normalité/Chaos</td></tr><tr><td>SN31</td><td>Adaptation à un nouvel environnement</td><td>Départ → Arrivée → Découverte → Intégration/Rejet</td></tr><tr><td>SN32</td><td>Rupture et reconstruction</td><td>Relation établie → Crise → Séparation → Reconstruction de soi</td></tr><tr><td>SN33</td><td>Prise de conscience</td><td>Ignorance → Observation → Inquiétude → Action/Inaction</td></tr><tr><td>SN34</td><td>Exploration intérieure</td><td>Questionnement existentiel → Introspection → Découverte de soi → Transformation</td></tr><tr><td>SN35</td><td>Prise de conscience d'un risque</td><td>Ignorance → Symptôme léger → Alerte → Action préventive/curative</td></tr><tr><td>SN36</td><td>Adoption d'une nouvelle habitude</td><td>Réticence → Essai → Observation/Répétition → Intégration dans la routine</td></tr><tr><td>SN37</td><td>Gestion d'une crise</td><td>Déclencheur → Crise/Symptômes aigus → Recherche d'aide → Stabilisation</td></tr><tr><td>SN38</td><td>Recherche d'information fiable</td><td>Déclencheur → Sources multiples → Tri et analyse → Décision éclairée</td></tr><tr><td>SN39</td><td>Prévention d'un problème</td><td>Facteurs de risque → Information → Changement de comportement → Réduction du risque</td></tr><tr><td>SN40</td><td>Soutien à un proche</td><td>Inquiétude → Accompagnement → Encouragement → Amélioration/Stagnation</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2: Emotional dynamic of reference defined for the emotional structuration in short texts.</caption><thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Nom</th><th>Séquence émotionnelle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DE1</td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>Sérénité → Observation → Joie</td></tr><tr><td>DE2</td><td>Curiosité gratifiée</td><td>Curiosité → Observation → Joie</td></tr><tr><td>DE3</td><td>Surprise clarifiée</td><td>Surprise → Réflexion → Clarification</td></tr><tr><td>DE4</td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>Malaise/Honte → Ajustement → Sérénité</td></tr><tr><td>DE5</td><td>Crainte relâchée</td><td>Crainte → Soulagement → Sérénité</td></tr><tr><td>DE6</td><td>Crainte résolue</td><td>Crainte → Libération → Soulagement</td></tr><tr><td>DE7</td><td>Crainte dépassée</td><td>Crainte → Affrontement → Sérénité</td></tr><tr><td>DE8</td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>Doute → Crainte → Sérénité</td></tr><tr><td>DE9</td><td>Doute apaisé</td><td>Doute → Observation → Sérénité</td></tr><tr><td>DE10</td><td>Doute persistant</td><td>Doute → Observation → Doute</td></tr></tbody></table>

extended within the scope of the present study. All initially structures were formalized as short causal chains (3 to 5 steps), expressing specific dynamics. First patterns have been extracted via the large scale capabilities of a large language model. They were subsequently validated, standardized, formalized, and used within a modular and
symbolic-like framework, allowing for explicit control over the generation process. As noted by [23] in their review of neuro-symbolic systems, modern artificial intelligence can be used to automatically generate symbolic rules or patterns by manipulating symbolic concepts. This allows the combination of the exploratory power of neural models with the controllability of symbolic representations. An LLM is able to extract narrative and emotional structures which are then formalized within a modular symbolic framework to help a reproducibility and understandable control over text generation.

**Narrative Structures (SN)** The selected narrative structures are derived from a semi-automated exploration of behavioral and learning-oriented structures. Each NS is modeled as a sequential chain operating at the scale of the whole text. The first structures were built by pattern detection from a corpus of short narrative texts (fables, tales, mythological excerpts). These texts were analyzed to identify and extract recurring action patterns and motifs: typical transitions, turning points, forms of implicit learning, transformation or adjustment. Only about ten are kept here because they were not just oriented to unrealistic stories. The additional structures, referred to as behavioral or cognitive and learning-oriented, were constructed based on pedagogical/psychological models from the relevant literature. These additional structures were generated, grouped, and filtered according to their narrative operability in short formats, and further expanded by about twenty more to ensure greater diversity. These sets of structures are presented in a unified manner in Table 1, with a coding system indicating their origin. To be applicable to micro-narratives for advice or learning, a NS is assumed to require: a) an initial cognitive or practical tension (such as an error, doubt, difficulty, or curiosity); b) a readable transformation (such as correction, discovery, adjustment, decision, or mastery); c) a final stabilized state that consolidates a piece of knowledge, a skill, or an awareness. The narrative structures proposed herein are conceived as operational modules, some of which reflect recurrent motifs (such as blockage, passage, adjustment). The symbolic implications are not discussed here. They structure minimal forms of experience, readable and adaptable across corpora on various themes (health, security, driver education, etc.). These structures are templates for micro-experiences. They are designed specifically for the automated generation of short narratives aimed at communicating advice or teaching concepts. Their role is pre-discursive by organizing a minimal sequence of meaningful events. For generating a text, the LMM constructs the full contents along this skeleton.

**Emotional dynamics (DE)** The nine emotional dynamics used in this work, listed in Table 1, are constructed

as discrete sequences in three (or eventually four) stages. They are inspired by existing models and were selected and refined from several dozen initial candidates. Note that during the project, the early versions of machine-generated texts considered the simple addition of a single emotion to join the narrative. But it soon became clear that a perceptible sequence of emotional states was required. This shift led to the formalization of emotional dynamics, made visible through gestures, postures, or micro-events involving the characters. The goal is not to model isolated or primary emotions, but to guide the writing process through a discernible emotional trajectory. Additional dynamics may be introduced if needed through combination or extension. For example, the most basic form (neutral → emotion → relief/clarity) supports short narratives with an explanatory or stabilizing tone, without requiring extended tension. Similarly, a character could be given a personality, influencing their statistical behavior in response to events coming from other narrative constraints. It should be noted that the emotional sequence proposed for each dynamic serves as a reference framework. Depending on the context (health, ecology, education, etc.), the final emotional state can be adapted by replacing the current one with Relief, Confidence, Serenity, or Joy. Thus, the final step in the sequence can be modified to a better correspondence with the intended pedagogical or narrative effect. This allows to increase the variation between the generated texts.

**Generation pipeline and algorithm** The generation pipeline is based on a set of predefined narrative structures (NS) and emotional dynamics (ED), selected in advance for their narrative relevance and their suitability for communicating advice or supporting learning. Note that certain correspondences exist between emotional dynamics and narrative structures, and not all combinations are compatible. From these two structuring components (NS and ED), three additional dimensions are integrated to feed the content of the generated texts. A topic base (advice to convey or learning concept), a character base (e.g., citizen, student or tourist), and a contextual environment base (e.g., place and time settings) are defined for a corpus. Each combination of theme × character × environment is associated to a selected narrative structure (NS) and emotional dynamic (ED) in order to generate a complete story. The alignment between narrative structures and emotional dynamics is performed during the generation of examples, without rigid synchronization or predefined segmentation, in order to preserve the narrative fluidity. At Figure 1, the pipeline generates a text in prose, automatically annotated according to the typified stages of the NS and the emotional transitions of the ED.

Each generated text is then incorporated into the experimental corpus or adapted into variants for com-
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1: Pipeline narratif structuré</figcaption></figure>

parative analysis. The automatic annotation, based on a structured tagging grid, enables both analysis of the output and traceability of the structures used. Note that structural variants may be produced by modifying the initially selected NS or ED in order to choose the best final text. The full generation pipeline, from the selection of themes to the automatic annotation of micro-narratives, is described in a transparent manner. This ensures both the reproducibility of the approach and its transferability to any application domains. The proposed method is illustrated and validated next section for one domain related to security and health.

## 3 Experiments

The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach to automatically generate short texts. To this end, a synthetic corpus of 36 automatically generated texts was created for the theme of *urban walking*. This illustrates the results after empirical settings. Each text is generated by combining different NS and ED configurations, allowing to observe how these combinations affect the narrative coherence, the thematic diversity, and the emotional expression. In addition, emotional variants of a given scenario are produced to analyze the impact of EDs on the tone and perceived affective quality of the narrative. While this experiment is limited by the absence of formal user evaluation, it illustrates the richness and diversity of the generated stories. The emotional variations change the tone of the text without removing its narrative coherence for instance. Examples of texts and quantitative evaluations are presented in this section.

**Example on generation (36 texts)** For this methodological illustration, the goal was to generate a corpus of short narratives on the topic of *urban walking*. In total, 36 short texts were automatically generated for this study, each based on a distinct topic related to walking. The full corpus, presented in the appendix, was generated by combining a fixed narrative structure (NS) and emotional dynamic (ED) with a theme, one or more characters, and a contextual environment or ambiance. The NS are nearly

unique across the texts: 27 unique narrative structures were used, with 19 used once, 7 used twice, and 1 used three times. Narrative structures categorized as *behavioral* are frequently employed, given the general theme of the corpus. For the emotional dynamics (EDs), their distribution is shown in Table 3. Each ED is used between 2 and 5 times, with an almost even distribution to provide a diverse set of illustrative examples. The texts are about

<table><caption>Table 3: Frequency of the DE in 36 texts.</caption><thead><tr><th>DE1</th><th>DE2</th><th>DE3</th><th>DE4</th><th>DE5</th><th>DE6</th><th>DE7</th><th>DE8</th><th>DE9</th><th>DE10</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr></tbody></table>

140 words in average and their overall counting are all near, with small variance, as targeted before the generation. The tables 6 and 7 aggregate all the informations required for defining the corpus. Each text in the corpus is represented by one unique row in these two tables. By reading the rows one after the other, the large language model produces each text sequentially. The writing is within a constrained framework focused on short-form narration, and guided by a formal document of generation rules - or charter - designed by the human user. Example of rules could be the interaction between characters with or without voice, the style or tone of the talked language for the characters or for the text itself. Note that a first version of the generated texts may be extended or enhanced by incorporating multisensory details, concrete micro-events, a smoother gradation within the proposed structural framework or even additional adjective related to the components of the structures for instance. Herein the generated stories are written in a neutral style, centered on micro-actions and using internal focalization to support perceptual identification. They are annotated with internal narrative markers not shown here. The tags allow the identification of the NS stages and ED transitions. This setup enables the analysis of the narrative structures, as well as the potential reuse of the stories in narrative, computational, or educational contexts. A qualitative analysis shows that the coupling of NS and ED leads to differentiated narratives. This leads to a useful corpus that illustrates advice while enabling comparisons and further analysis. The texts presented herein at the appendix section are first drafts, generated automatically without any stylistic post-processing or manual rewriting. This choice was made to allow for an objective analysis of the controlled generation system based on the NS+ED framework. Stylistic additions or the correction of potential repetitions may be addressed in a second editorial step in future applications.

**Example of generation (4 variants)** Texts were generated by varying the emotional dynamic (ED) while
keeping the narrative structure (NS) fixed. The shared narrative context is as follows: “Léa is having breakfast one Sunday morning when the snow begins to fall. She watches the street turn white, hesitates to go out, and then, as soon as the snow stops, decides to go get some bread from the bakery ten minutes away.”

All four texts were generated automatically, without human intervention, under specific constraints of form and content. The table provides a concrete illustration of how a single situation can be written in very different ways depending on the emotional dynamic used. The narrative structure is SN9: *Fluid Passage*, while the change of ED induces differences: the action unfolds in calm (ED1), a physical tension is overcome (ED5), the walk is experienced as a discovery (ED2), or a diffuse unease gradually fades (ED4). The act of walking remains the same, but the emotional coloring, the narrative entry point, and the end shift depending on the chosen ED.

<table><caption>Table 4: Constant narrative structure (SN9) with varying emotional dynamics (DE). Shared context: Léa walks to the bakery after the snow.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Generated Text</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DE1</td><td>As soon as the snow stops, Léa puts on her coat and steps outside.| The fresh snow crunches under her feet as she walks smoothly down the street.| The city feels peaceful, almost magical in the white silence.| She enjoys the calm and the beauty of the moment,| feeling joy rise quietly within her.| By the time she reaches the bakery, her doubts have vanished,| replaced by a gentle serenity.</td></tr><tr><td>DE2</td><td>When the snowfall ends, Léa decides to go out, curious about how the world has changed.| As she walks, she notices every detail: the glittering snow, the unusual quiet, footprints left by neighbors.| The walk feels different, like a small adventure.| Each step reveals something new, and her curiosity is rewarded by the crisp air and unfamiliar sights. She arrives at the bakery with a satisfied smile.|</td></tr><tr><td>DE4</td><td>Léa hesitates to go out, worried about the cold and slippery sidewalks.| When the snow finally stops, she prepares carefully and steps outside.| At first, she feels uncomfortable, shivering and unsure.| Gradually, as she settles into her walk, she finds her rhythm, adjusting to the cold and enjoying the quiet.| By the time she reaches the bakery, her discomfort has faded and she feels at ease.|</td></tr><tr><td>DE5</td><td>The snowfall makes Léa anxious about slipping or getting too cold, but when it stops, she gathers her courage and heads out.| Her first steps are cautious and tense, but she soon finds the sidewalk less slippery than she feared.| With every block, her confidence grows, and her fear melts away.| She reaches the bakery relieved, grateful for the calm that replaced her earlier worries.</td></tr></tbody></table>

To quantitatively assess the alignment with the intended emotional structures, the AI/LMM was asked [19] to rate sentence segments, following a method shown to support emotional classification [14, 15]. As expected from reviewing the generated texts, the following trends were observed: a) Serenity/joy increased, with no signs of discomfort; b) Curiosity and observation remained strong; c) Fear decreased, while relief and joy increased; d) a clear transition from unease to relief was noted. Overall, the method successfully captures the target emotional structure.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2: Evolution of smoothed emotional scores for the four stories (SN9).</figcaption></figure>

To extend the analysis, the same scoring task was submitted to Gemini 2.5 Pro, and the comparison confirmed the previous results (see Table 3), aside from minor biases for both systems.

<table><caption>Table 5: Emotional scores of ChatGPT and Gemini.</caption><thead><tr><th>Émotion</th><th>ρ</th><th>ρ<sub>S</sub></th><th>β</th><th>α</th><th>R<sup>2</sup></th><th>M|−|</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Doubt</td><td>0.51</td><td>0.68</td><td>0.33</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.26</td><td>0.10 (0.19)</td></tr><tr><td>Worry</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.91</td><td>1.02</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.88</td><td>0.10 (0.06)</td></tr><tr><td>Malaise</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.72</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.10 (0.11)</td></tr><tr><td>Joy</td><td>0.63</td><td>0.69</td><td>0.64</td><td>0.20</td><td>0.40</td><td>0.20 (0.14)</td></tr><tr><td>Serenity</td><td>0.89</td><td>0.87</td><td>0.87</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.79</td><td>0.10 (0.08)</td></tr><tr><td>Hesitation</td><td>0.78</td><td>0.57</td><td>0.98</td><td>-0.03</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.10 (0.10)</td></tr><tr><td>Relief</td><td>0.91</td><td>0.90</td><td>1.09</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.83</td><td>0.10 (0.09)</td></tr><tr><td>Curiosity</td><td>0.97</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.85</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.10 (0.06)</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustment</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.88</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.10</td><td>0.87</td><td>0.10 (0.11)</td></tr><tr><td>Observation</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.96</td><td>-0.01</td><td>0.54</td><td>0.10 (0.07)</td></tr></tbody></table>

A statistical table of emotions allows for the comparison of scores assigned by the two AIs for each emotion. Both Pearson and Spearman correlations are generally high (often above 0.8), and a linear regression performed on the logit-transformed scores shows strong agreement between the models, with a slope close to 1, although the coefficient of determination is $R^2 = 0.62$ due to differences in some scores. The overall regression is computed on all non-zero pairs, yielding a model with a slope of 0.80 and an intercept of 0.09, thus remaining close to the identity line. Despite these encouraging results, scaling up remains limited at this stage, as automatic emotion
detection is not yet a mature science. Therefore, human evaluation remains preferable for more general or sensitive cases.

# 4 Discussion and perspectives

The approach presented herein enables the generation of coherent, structured, and adaptable corpora tailored to advice goals, such as those related to urban walking or everyday life situations like health or security. The combinatorial variety of narrative structures (NS) and emotional dynamics (ED) allows for the creation of a varying corpus, while maintaining a controlled underlying coherence. Narrative structures (NS) and emotional dynamics (ED) can likely be understood as implicit underlying patterns in texts generated by large language models. They correspond to recurrent sequences of elementary events found in narrative discourse. By making these patterns explicit and cataloguing them, it becomes possible to obtain more precise and systematic control over the diversity and composition of the generated texts.

Among the current limitations, it is important to note the structures which are discrete rather than continuous representations, as well as the brievity of the narratives, which typically range from a few lines to a few pages. The selection of NS+ED combinations is not yet fully automated and may require human verification or adjustment. Future directions include, for instance, multimodal generation, real-world testing in learning or advisory contexts. Nowaydays there is not anymore the limiting costs to mass production of advert for protecting human lifes at large scale. Such an approach has the potential to transform how AI is used in fields like education and healthcare, making information more accessible and engaging for diverse audiences. For the other perspectives, establishing a formal normalization and typology of NS and ED would also facilitate classification, combination and extension to build more diverse corpora. It is also worth mentioning the potential for implementing the generative algorithm using neural architectures specifically designed for language generation [6, 7], rather than relying on existing external platforms. Qualitative and statistical analysis of the generated texts offers promising directions for comparing different large language models, to better understand their respective strengths and limitations in textual generation. Moreover, this system opens the door to a form of narrative algebra, in which narrative structures and emotional dynamics can be combined, transformed, or sequenced according to defined rules. Such a micro-narrative grammar would aslo help at generating longer texts by linking the structures from many domains along a time line.

# Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the use of ChatGPT (OpenAI) throughout the development process, from the exploratory phase to the generation of the narrative corpus and the elaboration of structural models. Gemini (Google) is also acknowledged for its contribution in generating complementary narrative structures. These AI systems were instrumental in testing the feasibility of controlled symbolic generation and in illustrating the diversity of short-form narratives.

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## Appendix : Examples of short texts

**Text 1 – Wait for the green light (SN6<sup>c</sup>, DE1)** Lu-cas, a pedestrian, stands at the central intersection just as the morning city wakes up. It's 9 a.m. The light is clear, and the colors of the traffic signal flicker against the buildings. The air is cool and full of movement—car engines idling, footsteps echoing across the crosswalk, and the changing light playing on the pavement.

He feels a moment's impatience as the red signal seems to last forever. Other pedestrians fidget or check their phones, some inching forward, tempted to cross before it's safe.

An older woman at his side glances at the light and says, “It’s safer to wait for the green light—it’s designed to protect you, not just to look nice.”

Lucas relaxes his shoulders, steps back slightly from the curb, and watches the signal with renewed attention. The world seems to pause with him.

When the green light finally appears, he crosses calmly, blending into the gentle flow of people, feeling a quiet satisfaction from having chosen the right moment.

**Text 2 – Crossing a busy intersection (SN4, DE4)**
Emma, a pedestrian, stands near a wide crosswalk at a bustling intersection. It's 9 a.m. The air vibrates with the sound of car horns and conversations, while the bright morning light glances off the windows. The noise and movement make the crossing seem even more intimidating.

Emma hesitates at the edge of the curb, scanning the traffic and watching others move with varying degrees of confidence. The rush of cars and scattered flow of people increase her uncertainty about when and how to cross.

A calm voice beside her, from another woman waiting with a shopping bag, says, “Take your time and cross when the flow of people and traffic lines up.”

Emma breathes out, watches carefully, and waits for a pause in the chaos. The group around her seems to move as one, and she senses the right moment approaching.

She steps forward, crossing in sync with the others. As she reaches the other side, her discomfort gives way to a quiet confidence.

**Text 3 – Choosing the shady side (SN13<sup>c</sup>, DE1)**
Hugo, part of a small group of older pedestrians, arrives at a wide, sunlit sidewalk just before midday. The day is bright and warm. Reflections shimmer on nearby shop windows, and the pavement radiates heat.

He pauses, shielding his eyes, uncertain about which side will be most comfortable. The sun is strong, and the air feels heavy.

A companion quietly suggests, “If you can, walk in the shade—it makes the journey easier and helps you keep your energy.”

Hugo observes the row of trees casting long shadows on one side. He nods, and together the group shifts toward the shaded path.

As they walk under the cool protection of the trees, conversation resumes, and Hugo feels lighter, enjoying the comfort and ease the shade provides.
<table><caption>Table 6: Topics of street orientation, road signals and urban walk.</caption><thead><tr><th>N°</th><th>Thème</th><th>Nom_SN</th><th>Code_SN</th><th>Nom_DE</th><th>Code_DE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Attendre que le feu soit vert</td><td>Focus-réactivité</td><td>SN6<sup>c</sup></td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>DE1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Avoir peur de traverser un grand carrefour</td><td>Incertitude clarifiée</td><td>SN4</td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>DE4</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Choisir un trottoir ombragé</td><td>Adaptation au contexte</td><td>SN13<sup>c</sup></td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>DE1</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Ne pas bloquer le passage</td><td>Acceptation des limites</td><td>SN12<sup>c</sup></td><td>Crainte résolue</td><td>DE6</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Ne pas traverser en diagonale</td><td>Mini-bascule</td><td>SN1</td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>DE8</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Regarder des deux côtés avant de traverser</td><td>Évaluation des risques</td><td>SN7<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>DE8</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Rester sur le trottoir</td><td>Apprentissage par automatisation</td><td>SN3<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute apaisé</td><td>DE9</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Savoir attendre au feu piéton</td><td>Focus-réactivité</td><td>SN6<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute apaisé</td><td>DE9</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Traverser sur les passages piétons</td><td>Mini-bascule</td><td>SN1</td><td>Crainte dépassée</td><td>DE7</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Avoir trop chaud ou froid pour marcher bien</td><td>Excès maîtrisé</td><td>SN6</td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>DE4</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Ne pas courir sur la route</td><td>Perception ajustée</td><td>SN4<sup>c</sup></td><td>Crainte résolue</td><td>DE6</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Regarder où l'on met les pieds</td><td>Perception ajustée</td><td>SN4<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>DE8</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Voir et être vu (visibilité, vêtements clairs)</td><td>Anticipation des erreurs</td><td>SN11<sup>c</sup></td><td>Crainte dépassée</td><td>DE7</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Savoir quand faire demi-tour</td><td>Motivation et persévérance</td><td>SN27</td><td>Surprise clarifiée</td><td>DE3</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Éviter de marcher trop lentement en groupe</td><td>Adaptation au contexte</td><td>SN13<sup>c</sup></td><td>Crainte relâchée</td><td>DE5</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Éviter les écouteurs à plein volume</td><td>Évaluation des risques</td><td>SN7<sup>c</sup></td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>DE4</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Être pressé mais devoir ralentir</td><td>Passage fluide</td><td>SN9</td><td>Crainte relâchée</td><td>DE5</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Lire une carte ou un plan de métro</td><td>Apprentissage par observation</td><td>SN2<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute apaisé</td><td>DE9</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Prendre un chemin connu quand on est perdu</td><td>Autonomie progressive</td><td>SN9<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute apaisé</td><td>DE9</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Se repérer avec des repères visuels</td><td>Quête initiatique</td><td>SN20</td><td>Surprise clarifiée</td><td>DE3</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Se fier aux repères visuels</td><td>Essai-erreur fructueux</td><td>SN5<sup>c</sup></td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>DE1</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Faire attention aux sorties de parking</td><td>Anticipation des erreurs</td><td>SN11<sup>c</sup></td><td>Crainte résolue</td><td>DE6</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Faire attention aux vélos et trottinettes</td><td>Évaluation des risques</td><td>SN7<sup>c</sup></td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>DE8</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Interpréter un panneau mal placé</td><td>Recherche d'information fiable</td><td>SN38</td><td>Doute persistant</td><td>DE10</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Laisser passer les personnes âgées</td><td>Transmission indirecte</td><td>SN8</td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>DE1</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Ne pas jeter ses déchets par terre</td><td>Transmission indirecte</td><td>SN8</td><td>Doute persistant</td><td>DE10</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Oser faire demi-tour si on s'est trompé</td><td>Érreur reconnue</td><td>SN2</td><td>Curiosité gratifiée</td><td>DE2</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Respecter l'espace personnel</td><td>Transmission intergénérationnelle</td><td>SN28</td><td>Crainte dépassée</td><td>DE7</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Se retrouver bloqué par une foule dense</td><td>Perte de contrôle</td><td>SN30</td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>DE4</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Se souvenir d'un chemin pour le refaire</td><td>Apprentissage par automatisation</td><td>SN3<sup>c</sup></td><td>Curiosité gratifiée</td><td>DE2</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Suivre les panneaux de direction</td><td>Observation partagée</td><td>SN5<sup>g</sup></td><td>Curiosité gratifiée</td><td>DE2</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Trouver une rue en demandant son chemin</td><td>Rupture et reconstruction</td><td>SN32</td><td>Doute surmonté</td><td>DE8</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Être distrait par une vitrine ou un bruit</td><td>Prise de conscience</td><td>SN33</td><td>Sérénité joyeuse</td><td>DE1</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Être ébloui par le soleil ou gêné par le vent</td><td>Exploration intérieure</td><td>SN34</td><td>Malaise apaisé</td><td>DE4</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Être émerveillé par une scène inattendue</td><td>Curiosité guidée</td><td>SN7</td><td>Surprise clarifiée</td><td>DE3</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Se rendre compte des gestes utiles à faire</td><td>Réflexion silencieuse</td><td>SN10</td><td>Surprise clarifiée</td><td>DE3</td></tr></tbody></table>

Text 4 – Don't block the passage (SN12<sup>c</sup>, DE6)

Clara, a woman in her thirties, walks with her family along a quiet street just after lunch. The pavement is damp from an earlier shower, and the afternoon is mild. Their group naturally spreads out, filling most of the narrow path.

Clara pauses to take in a storefront, momentarily blocking the passage. Behind them, she hears footsteps slow and notices a stroller waiting for space.

A gentle voice from behind says, “Just a small step to the side can let others pass more easily—everyone benefits from a clear path.”

Clara realizes her family is blocking others. She nudges her group closer to the edge, making space on the sidewalk.

As people pass smoothly, Clara feels a quiet sense of relief and the stroll continues, lighter and more relaxed for everyone.

Text 5 – Don't cross diagonally (SN1, DE8) Noah, a young man, stands at the edge of a bustling shopping street around midday. The sky is cloudy, and the crowd moves quickly, weaving between shops and street performers. The flow of people seems to cut across every direction.

Noah considers crossing diagonally, tempted to take a shortcut through the crowd. But the many distractions and the shifting traffic make him hesitate.

Someone beside him says, “Crossing in a straight line at the crosswalk helps everyone see you more clearly and keeps you safer.”

He studies the painted lines and waits for a break in the stream of pedestrians. Gathering his resolve, he decides to cross directly at the marked area.

As he reaches the other side, Noah feels calmer, having chosen the safer, clearer route—and noticing others follow his example.

Text 6 – Look both ways before crossing (SN7<sup>c</sup>, DE8) Lina, a young woman, stands at a semi-pedestrian area in the heart of the city at noon. The sun is high, casting sharp shadows as people

hurry by with shopping bags. A gentle breeze stirs the air, mixing city scents with distant laughter and the quiet buzz of traffic nearby.

She steps toward the crosswalk but pauses. A delivery scooter glides past, and a cyclist rings a bell behind her. Though the street seems calm, Lina hesitates, uncertain if she's really safe to cross.

A man beside her says softly, “Always look both ways before crossing—even on a one-way street. It's safer.” Lina takes the advice seriously, her focus sharpening.

She scans both directions, catching sight of an electric car turning unexpectedly and a runner weaving between pedestrians. Lina calculates the risks, waiting for a clear moment.

When it feels truly safe, Lina steps forward, crossing at a steady pace. She feels at ease and proud of her caution, certain she's made the right decision.

Text 7 – Stay on the sidewalk (SN3<sup>c</sup>, DE9) Jules, an adult, walks with a child on a scooter along a broad, open avenue. It's midday and the sidewalk is warm underfoot, the hum of city life blending with distant laughter and the soft hiss of urban heating vents.

Jules reminds the child to stay near the curb as they move forward. The urge to step off and cut across the street is tempting, especially with so few cars visible.

He says, “Stay on the sidewalk whenever possible—it's safer and helps you build good walking habits.” The child looks up, pausing at a driveway, thinking it over.

They continue along the pavement, Jules gently repeating the advice each time they pass an intersection. With every repetition, the movement becomes more natural and relaxed.

Eventually, both walk in rhythm, almost without thinking, moving securely along the wide path. What began as a cautious habit now feels effortless and calm.

Text 8 – Wait for the signal (SN6<sup>c</sup>, DE9) Camille, a pedestrian, stands beside an elderly woman in a paved square as dusk approaches. The streetlights flicker on, and the square glows with the
<table><caption>Table 7: Environment/Setting of 36 texts of urban walk.</caption><thead><tr><th>N°</th><th>Personnage</th><th>Présence</th><th>Lieu</th><th>Ambiance</th><th>Heure</th><th>Moment</th><th>Prénom</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>homme</td><td>vélo</td><td>carrefour central</td><td>feu clignotant</td><td>09h00</td><td>clair</td><td>Lucas</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>jeune femme</td><td>voiture</td><td>passage piéton</td><td>bruit de circulation</td><td>09h00</td><td></td><td>Emma</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>personne âgée</td><td>groupe</td><td>trottoir large</td><td>reflets sur vitrine</td><td>12h00</td><td>ensoleillé</td><td>Hugo</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>trentenaire</td><td>famille</td><td>rue calme</td><td>sol humide</td><td>14h00</td><td></td><td>Clara</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>jeune homme</td><td>aucune</td><td>rue commerçante</td><td>foule mouvante</td><td>12h00</td><td>nuageux</td><td>Noah</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>jeune femme</td><td>autres piétons</td><td>zone semi-piétonne</td><td>brise légère</td><td>12h00</td><td></td><td>Lina</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>adulte</td><td>enfant à trottinette</td><td>avenue dégagée</td><td>chauffage urbain</td><td>12h00</td><td></td><td>Jules</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>piétonne</td><td>personne âgée</td><td>place pavée</td><td>clignotement lumineux</td><td>18h00</td><td></td><td>Camille</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>piéton</td><td>livreur</td><td>rue latérale</td><td>parfum de boulangerie</td><td>18h00</td><td>lumineux</td><td>Léo</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>citadin</td><td>couple</td><td>entrée de métro</td><td>rayons du soleil</td><td>18h00</td><td>calme</td><td>Manon</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>jeune adulte</td><td>touriste</td><td>allée arborée</td><td>vent dans les arbres</td><td>09h00</td><td>frais</td><td>Arthur</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>homme</td><td>cycliste</td><td>rue pavée</td><td>musique lointaine</td><td>12h00</td><td>chaud</td><td>Tom</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>jeune femme</td><td>agent de voirie</td><td>voie partagée</td><td>voix croisées</td><td>12h00</td><td>venteux</td><td>Inès</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>citadine</td><td>personne au téléphone</td><td>cheminement piéton</td><td>odeur de café</td><td>19h00</td><td>léger</td><td>Léa</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>homme</td><td>piéton distrait</td><td>croisement multiple</td><td>bruit de talons</td><td>18h00</td><td></td><td>Nathan</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>piéton</td><td>animal tenu en laisse</td><td>trottoir incliné</td><td>moteur ralenti</td><td>09h00</td><td>ensoleillé</td><td>Zoé</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>passant</td><td>petit groupe discute</td><td>zone à faible circulation</td><td>klaxon lointain</td><td>18h00</td><td>douce</td><td>Enzo</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>usager</td><td>trottinette électrique</td><td>angle de rue</td><td>reflets métalliques</td><td>09h00</td><td>gris</td><td>Chloé</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>piétonne</td><td>jeune pressé</td><td>intersection large</td><td>gouttelettes résiduelles</td><td>21h00</td><td>lumineuse</td><td>Emma</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>citadin</td><td>personne immobile</td><td>esplanade</td><td>graviers sous les pas</td><td>07h00</td><td>claire</td><td>Lucie</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>passant</td><td>piéton avec poussette</td><td>piste cyclable parallèle</td><td>ombres étirées</td><td>12h00</td><td>vif</td><td>Mathis</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>citadine</td><td>homme en costard</td><td>bouche de métro</td><td>panneau bancal</td><td>09h00</td><td></td><td>Sarah</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>jeune adulte</td><td>étudiant</td><td>zone scolaire</td><td>balayage du regard</td><td>09h00</td><td>animé</td><td>Axel</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>piétonne</td><td>sportif</td><td>entrée d'immeuble</td><td>couleur des feux</td><td>23h00</td><td>nuit</td><td>Anna</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>piéton</td><td>personne chargée</td><td>place de quartier</td><td>ondulation de la lumière</td><td>09h00</td><td>calme</td><td>Louis</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>personne</td><td>vendeur ambulant</td><td>bord de parc</td><td>tic-tac piéton</td><td>12h00</td><td></td><td>Élise</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>usagère</td><td>piéton qui hésite</td><td>voie piétonne</td><td>bruit de pas synchronisés</td><td>10h30</td><td>samedi</td><td>Mila</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>piéton</td><td>personne qui s'arrête</td><td>zone de livraison</td><td>sons de voix</td><td>15h00</td><td>bruyant</td><td>Adam</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>citadineposée</td><td>piéton ralentissant</td><td>abords d'un marché</td><td>cliquetis de chaîne</td><td>09h00</td><td></td><td>Nina</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>jeune adulte</td><td>agent municipal</td><td>hall ouvert</td><td>écho discret</td><td>09h00</td><td>silencieux</td><td>Théo</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>citoyen</td><td>couple discret</td><td>ruelle adjacente</td><td>léger contre-jour</td><td>11h00</td><td>animé</td><td>Raphaël</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>piétonne</td><td>passant au téléphone</td><td>voie en travaux</td><td>odeur de pluie</td><td>12h00</td><td>tranquille</td><td>Maé</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>piéton</td><td>ami regardant autour</td><td>arcade piétonne</td><td>bourdonnement constant</td><td>12h00</td><td>saturé</td><td>Timéo</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>explorateur</td><td>touriste qui photographie</td><td>pont piéton</td><td>sons amortis</td><td>08h30</td><td></td><td>Ludovic</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>marcheur</td><td>passant en musique</td><td>rue piétonne, commerce</td><td>cris aigus</td><td>16h30</td><td>calme</td><td>Maxime</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>usagère</td><td>piéton concentré</td><td>entrée de square</td><td>ralentissements sonores</td><td>09h00</td><td></td><td>Jeanne</td></tr></tbody></table>

pulse of city life. The pedestrian signal blinks, reflecting off the smooth stones.

As the light flashes red, some people edge forward impatiently. Camille feels the urge to cross before the signal changes, unsure if it's really necessary to wait.

The elderly woman quietly says, “Cross only when the signal is green—that’s when drivers expect people to cross and it’s safest for you.”

Camille hesitates, then shifts her focus to the changing light and the movements of cars nearby. She waits for the green signal, watching the world slow down around her.

When the light turns, Camille crosses calmly, feeling reassured and in tune with the city's rhythm. She notices others waiting with her, sharing a subtle sense of trust.

**Text 9 – Use the crosswalk (SN1, DE7)** Leo, a pedestrian, pauses at a side street where the scent of fresh bread drifts from a nearby bakery. It's evening and the street is bright with warm light. A delivery worker wheels a cart along the curb, and city life pulses around the crosswalk.

Leo thinks about cutting across the street where there's no marked crossing, but spots a cyclist and a car approaching quickly. The situation feels risky.

A passerby remarks, “Use the crosswalk each time—drivers and cyclists are prepared for you there.” Leo considers the advice and waits at the lines.

He aligns himself with the painted stripes, watching as traffic slows for the crossing. Leo senses the moment is right and steps forward.

Crossing safely, Leo feels his nerves settle, grateful for the guidance and the sense of order the crosswalk brings. He continues on, more confident.

**Text 10 – Walking in the heat (SN6, DE4)** Manon, a city dweller, exits the metro with a companion as the sun sets. Warm rays spill onto the entrance, making the air feel thick and heavy. The city is calm, and Manon feels both tired and restless from the heat.

She hesitates, wondering whether to walk the sunny side or detour into the shade. The heat prickles her skin and she wipes sweat from her brow.

Her companion offers, “You’ll feel better if you cross into the shade; it helps you avoid getting too hot, even if it takes a little longer.”

Manon decides to change course, moving into the shadow of tall buildings, feeling immediate relief. The walk slows, but the discomfort fades.

Together, they reach their destination more comfortably, appreciating the cooler path. Manon smiles, feeling grateful for the gentle adjustment.

**Text 11 – Don't run into the road (SN4<sup>c</sup>, DE6)**

Arthur, a young adult, strolls down a tree-lined avenue early in the morning. The air is fresh and a gentle wind rustles the branches. A group of tourists gathers near a fountain as Arthur enjoys the peacefulness.

A ball rolls into the street and Arthur instinctively thinks about running after it. The road looks empty, but the breeze carries the sound of an approaching car.

A friend warns, “Don't run into the street—even if it seems empty. Roads are not playgrounds and cars can appear quickly.”

Arthur stops, watching the car pass by before stepping carefully to retrieve the ball from the curb. He realizes the danger was greater than it first appeared.

Returning safely to the sidewalk, Arthur feels a wave of relief. He resolves to be more cautious, grateful for the timely advice.

**Text 12 – Watch your step (SN4<sup>c</sup>, DE8)**

Tom, a pedestrian, walks down a cobblestone street at midday. The sun beats down and the pavement is warm underfoot. In the distance, a cyclist rings a bell and faint music drifts from an open window, giving the street a lively, summery atmosphere.

As Tom walks, he glances up to admire the old buildings and doesn't notice an uneven patch in the stones. His foot slips slightly, sending a quick jolt of uncertainty through him.

A cyclist nearby calls out, “Watch where you step as well as where you're headed—the ground can be uneven.” The advice catches Tom's attention and makes him more cautious.

He slows down, scanning both his path and the ground ahead. Tom adjusts his pace, carefully placing his feet with each step, regaining his
sense of control.

Soon, Tom walks more confidently, no longer anxious about stumbling.
The brief moment of doubt fades, replaced by a relaxed and steady stride.

**Text 13 – Be seen and see others (SN11<sup>c</sup>, DE7)**
Inès, a young woman, waits beside a street maintenance worker on a shared pedestrian and cycling path. The midday wind ruffles her light jacket, while voices blend with the distant hum of passing bikes. Sunlight reflects off metal railings and glass shop fronts.

Inès glances at her clothes and wonders if she stands out enough. With
many moving parts—bikes, workers, and distracted walkers—it's easy to
miss someone in the crowd.

The maintenance worker nods toward her and says, “It’s important to be visible when you share the road—wearing bright colors helps keep everyone safe.”

She checks her reflection in a shop window and decides to adjust her scarf, choosing a brighter side. Inès stands a bit taller, more aware of her surroundings.

As she continues on, cyclists give a friendly nod and everyone moves
around each other with more attention, easing her initial worry.

**Text 14 – Knowing when to turn around (SN27, DE3)**
Léa, a city walker, heads along a pedestrian path at dusk. She passes someone talking loudly on the phone. The air carries the smell of fresh coffee from a nearby café, and a gentle breeze hints at coming night.

Halfway down the path, Léa finds her way blocked by delivery vans.
Frustration builds as the shortcut she hoped for disappears behind traffic
and noise.

A passerby calls out, “If you turn back now, you’ll avoid getting stuck between the delivery vans.” The advice rings true, catching Léa by surprise.

She pauses, weighing her options. After a moment of hesitation, she turns around, retracing her steps with more awareness.

Freed from the traffic jam, Léa smiles, feeling both relieved and proud to have listened and adapted before things got complicated.

**Text 15 – Don't slow down the group (SN13<sup>c</sup>, DE5)**
Nathan, a man walking in the early evening, is part of a group navigating a busy intersection where the sound of high heels echoes off the pavement. The pace is quick, city lights beginning to glow as everyone rushes to their destination.

Nathan notices his own steps slowing, feeling distracted by the flow of
others and the busy crossroads. The group clusters together, sometimes
blocking the way for faster walkers.

A distracted pedestrian says, “It helps everyone if we keep up with the pace of the city.” Nathan catches the hint, sensing a ripple of impatience behind him.

He accelerates slightly, encouraging his group to move forward. The shift in energy helps the group blend smoothly into the evening crowd.

As the street clears, Nathan feels the collective tension fade. Walking at the city's rhythm brings a new sense of ease and calm.

**Text 16 – Lower the volume (SN7<sup>c</sup>, DE4)**
Zoé, a pedestrian, walks on a sloped sidewalk beneath a bright morning sun. A leashed dog tugs ahead, and the low rumble of a nearby engine mingles with passing conversations. The day feels alive and a little chaotic.

Zoé fumbles with her headphones, music playing loudly, almost drowning out the street's subtle signals. She senses a slight discomfort, unsure if she's missing something important.

Someone walking their dog remarks, “It’s safer to keep one ear open when walking outside, so you can notice what’s happening around you.”

Zoé lowers her volume, pulling out one earbud to listen more closely.
She catches the sound of a moped and the quiet bark of the dog nearby,
suddenly more aware.

Feeling safer and less isolated, Zoé continues down the street, reassured
by her new habit and the fuller sense of the world around her.

**Text 17 – Hurry slowly (SN9, DE5)**
Enzo, a passerby, moves through a quiet zone at dusk. A small group stands talking, their voices blending with the soft honk of a distant car. The fading daylight casts a gentle glow over the nearly empty street.

Enzo feels pressed for time, tempted to weave quickly between people.
The urge to rush is strong, but he hesitates, not wanting to disturb the
group or risk an accident.

A member of the group notes, “Moving too fast can make things less safe.” The comment slows Enzo’s momentum, making him rethink his approach.

He adapts his pace, stepping aside when needed and navigating calmly.
The city's rhythm seems to match his new, measured movement.

Enzo arrives at his destination safely, feeling a surprising sense of relief.
By slowing down, he found balance and made his walk easier.

**Text 18 – Learn the map (SN2<sup>c</sup>, DE9)**
Chloé, a regular transit user, pauses at a street corner where the glint of an electric scooter catches her eye. The early morning sky is gray, and metallic reflections flash from nearby buildings. She unfolds a metro map, trying to orient herself.

Chloé hesitates, uncertain which way is south or how best to reach downtown. She watches others scan the map, a subtle anxiety building as time ticks by.

A passerby offers help: “South is over there—if you want to reach downtown, stay on the right. That marker can be confusing.”

Chloé follows the advice, comparing the map with street signs. Step by step, she matches her path to the markers.

With growing confidence, Chloé heads toward her destination, relieved by her ability to interpret the clues and navigate the city on her own.

**Text 19 – Take the familiar path when lost (SN9<sup>c</sup>, DE9)**
Emma, a pedestrian, stands at a wide intersection late in the evening. The light is bright, reflecting off wet pavement after a rain. A young person hurries by, and Emma feels momentarily disoriented in the maze of city streets.

Unsure which way to go, Emma scans the signs and tries to recall familiar landmarks. The city feels larger and more confusing at night, making her hesitate.

A passerby suggests, “If you’re lost, go back to a familiar spot—it’s the best way to find your direction again.”

Emma retraces her steps, seeking a well-known corner. As she recognizes a bakery she passed earlier, her confidence returns.

Back on a known route, Emma's anxiety eases. She walks with steady steps, reassured by her own sense of direction.

**Text 20 – Use visual cues (SN20, DE3)**
Lucie, a city walker, crosses a gravel esplanade at dawn. The early sun casts long shadows, and each step crunches underfoot. She stops, scanning her surroundings for the right direction, as the city wakes behind her.

A large statue stands near the main entrance, catching Lucie's eye. She hesitates, uncertain which path leads north.

A nearby woman points and says, “See that statue? It lines up with the main entrance, so north is to your right.”

Lucie follows the line, comparing the statue's position with her map.
The revelation clarifies her route and dispels her confusion.

She heads forward, more assured and a little transformed by her new sense of orientation in the city's landscape.

**Text 21 – Trust the visual markers (SN5<sup>c</sup>, DE1)**
Mathis, a passerby, waits at a sunny intersection next to a parent with a stroller. It's noon, and the sun creates long shadows across the nearby bike lane. The scene is lively, filled with voices and city movement.

Mathis considers following the painted lines, but something feels off. He notices a nearby pole—used as a visual marker by some, while others follow the faded paint.

The parent says, “Align yourself with the pole rather than the paint—that’s the correct reference.”

Mathis chooses the pole, observing how his path feels more natural and others begin to follow suit.

He crosses the street with a new sense of ease, enjoying the little success of solving a practical puzzle in the city.

**Text 22 – Watch for parking exits (SN11<sup>c</sup>, DE6)**
Sarah, a city dweller, stands near a busy metro entrance where the street is crowded with people heading to work. A businessman walks by, and a loose sign rattles in the breeze. The morning feels hurried, full of small, unpredictable movements.

Sarah steps past a fence, glancing at the gaps between buildings. She suddenly worries about hidden parking exits as cars sometimes emerge unexpectedly.

A man in a suit cautions, “Always look at gaps in buildings or fences—parking exits can open unexpectedly.”
Sarah adjusts her route, watching carefully at each opening. She becomes more alert, anticipating hidden dangers.

As she passes safely, Sarah feels relief and gratitude for the timely warning, her tension giving way to calm.

## Text 23 – Mind the bikes and scooters (SN7<sup>c</sup>, DE8)
Axel, a young adult, walks with a fellow student along a busy school zone early in the morning. The area buzzes with activity, and Axel surveys the marked pedestrian stripes as bikes and scooters zip by. A sense of anticipation fills the air.

Axel starts to step into the lane but hesitates, uncertain if it's meant for pedestrians or wheels. The risk of a sudden collision feels real.

His friend says, “Stay within the marked stripes—outside them, you may be in an area meant for wheels, not pedestrians.”

Axel corrects his course, making sure to walk only within the lines. The flow of bikes and scooters moves safely past him.

He continues on to class, reassured by the sense of order and safety, his earlier doubt replaced by confidence.

## Text 24 – Reading a misplaced sign (SN38, DE10)

Anna, a pedestrian, pauses at the entrance of an apartment building late at night. A nearby athlete stretches, and the colors of the traffic lights reflect on the sidewalk. The street is quiet except for the hum of passing cars under the neon glow.

Anna scans the area for directions but notices a sign placed awkwardly out of sight. It's unclear whether to trust it, and she hesitates, unsure of the correct entrance.

The athlete advises, “That sign is misleading—use the railings to find the side entrance. It wasn't updated after the construction.”

Anna compares the sign with other clues, checking the railing and nearby lights, carefully analyzing her options.

She chooses the side entrance, still a bit doubtful but confident in her decision-making process.

## Text 25 – Let elders go first (SN8, DE1)
Louis, a pedestrian, walks through a calm neighborhood square just after 9 a.m. The morning light shimmers gently across the paving stones. An older person, carrying shopping bags, approaches the crosswalk ahead. The subtle undulation of light on the ground creates a peaceful atmosphere.

Louis slows his steps, watching as the older person hesitates at the edge of the crossing. Around them, others gather, the city's usual hurry replaced by a quiet moment of anticipation.

He hears someone say, “Let older people cross first—they may move more slowly, and it's safer for everyone.” The advice echoes softly, drawing the group's attention to the waiting elder.

Louis waits, giving space. He observes how the group follows suit, their movements respectful and deliberate. The older person crosses with care, and Louis feels a gentle pride in this shared patience.

Once the elder is safely across, Louis resumes his walk. The act leaves him with a warm sense of connection and joy, a reminder that small gestures matter.

## Text 26 – Don't litter (SN8, DE10)
Élise, a passerby, strolls along the edge of a park at noon. She passes a street vendor selling sandwiches and sees the green grass dotted with sunlight. The rhythmic ticking of a pedestrian signal blends with the distant sound of birds.

As Élise unwraps a snack, she notices others tossing wrappers on the ground. For a moment, she wonders if it really matters to hold onto her own waste.

The vendor remarks, “If you can’t find a bin, just keep your wrapper in your pocket—it helps keep public spaces pleasant.” The advice lingers in Élise’s mind as she looks around.

She decides to tuck the wrapper into her bag, observing how others take note of her action. Still, she's unsure if her small gesture will make any difference.

Moving on, Élise remains slightly doubtful but feels a quiet satisfaction for choosing to care for her surroundings, however small the impact.

## Text 27 – Turn around when you're wrong (SN2, DE2)
Mila, a transit user, walks along a pedestrian-only street late on a Saturday morning. Steps echo from passersby, and a gentle rhythm of synchronized footsteps fills the air. She wonders if she's missed her destination, glancing at street signs for reassurance.

Noticing a pedestrian ahead who looks equally uncertain, Mila begins to doubt her chosen direction. The growing distance from familiar landmarks makes her uneasy.

The other person says, “Let’s turn back before we get too far off track.” The suggestion brings immediate relief and clarity to Mila’s mind.

They pause, exchange a quick glance, and both reverse course. Mila feels a weight lift as she retraces her steps toward familiar ground.

Finding the correct street at last, Mila smiles. Her initial curiosity is satisfied, and the detour turns into a small, joyful discovery.

## Text 28 – Respect personal space (SN28, DE7)

Adam, a pedestrian, walks through a noisy delivery zone at 3 p.m. Voices ring out, and the area buzzes with people and vehicles. Amid the chaos, Adam notices people stopping abruptly, sometimes leaving little room to pass.

As Adam tries to keep his pace, he ends up too close to someone who suddenly halts in front of him. The unpredictable rhythm of the crowd makes him uneasy, and he feels a growing discomfort in the congestion.

A voice behind him reminds, “Give others space, even if you’re in a hurry—it helps everyone move around more easily.” The advice, simple and direct, makes Adam pause.

He slows, stepping sideways to leave more room for those around him. As Adam adjusts, the group subtly rearranges, creating a smoother flow and making the sidewalk less tense.

The pressure of the crowd eases, and Adam finds a more comfortable rhythm. With each careful step, he feels the relief and calm of moving with respect for others' space.

## Text 29 – Stuck in a dense crowd (SN30, DE4)

Nina, a city dweller, approaches the bustling edge of a market on a cool morning. Chains clink and vendors shout, while the crowd swells, tightening around her. The energy of the place is both exciting and overwhelming, as Nina tries to keep pace.

Suddenly, the flow slows. Nina is trapped in the thick of the crowd, unable to move forward or back. She feels her discomfort rising, breath quickening as she's pressed on all sides.

A passerby suggests, “If the crowd is too dense, moving to the side can help keep things flowing.” The idea gives Nina something concrete to do.

Nina edges toward the curb, gently weaving between people. Others follow her lead, opening space for everyone and letting the tension ease.

Freed from the tight crush, Nina finds her rhythm again. The return to open space brings calm, and the sense of control gradually returns.

## Text 30 – Remember a path to use again (SN3<sup>c</sup>, DE2)

Théo, a young adult, passes through the silent entryway of a public building just after 9 a.m. A municipal worker sweeps nearby, and the faint echo of footsteps bounces off the walls. Théo recalls the route he took last time—left at the hall, right at the sign.

He hesitates at a fork, wondering whether to try a shortcut or trust his memory. The decision weighs on him as he glances at the quiet corridors.

The municipal worker says, “You turned left last time, and it worked well then.” The simple advice reassures Théo, bringing back a sense of orientation.

Théo repeats his previous steps, growing more confident with each familiar turn. The route becomes easier, and his pace quickens without conscious effort.

Reaching his destination, Théo smiles with satisfaction. The learned routine transforms into a small joy, making him eager to walk this way again.

## Text 31 – Follow direction signs (SN5<sup>g</sup>, DE2)

Raphaël, a citizen, walks down a lively alley at 11 a.m. with a discreet couple. Animated voices and the soft glow of shopfronts set a welcoming tone. The group approaches a fork where several signs compete for attention.

Raphaël hesitates, unsure which sign leads to their goal. He studies the directions, debating which way to go as other groups discuss their own routes.

A companion says, “Sometimes, the best places are hidden. That sign is the right one—just follow where it points.”

Raphaël considers the advice, exchanging quick words with his friends. They decide to follow the suggested path, trusting in the shared observation.

The alley opens into a sunny square, and the sense of discovery brings a burst of joy to the group. Their curiosity is rewarded with a new favorite spot.
**Text 32 – Ask the way when you’re lost (SN32, DE8)** Maé, a pedestrian, pauses in a tranquil street under midday sun. Nearby, a passerby speaks urgently on the phone, while construction sounds echo off the walls. The smell of fresh rain lingers in the air, and Maé feels lost in the maze of temporary barriers.

She realizes she's missed a turn, uncertainty mounting as the detour takes her further from familiar streets. The anxiety of getting more lost grows with each step.

A friendly passerby says, “You missed a turn—go back, then take a left at the bakery.” The simple, clear advice soothes Maé’s worry.

Maé retraces her steps, eyes scanning for the bakery and checking street signs along the way. As she finds her bearings, her heart rate slows.

Turning at the right spot, Maé feels her fear dissipate, replaced by a gentle relief. The act of asking and adjusting brings serenity and confidence.

Jeanne steps forward, offering help with a gentle smile. Her gesture is accepted, and the tension in the moment melts away.

Walking on, Jeanne feels a renewed sense of connection, surprised by the impact of a simple action and ready to notice these moments more often.

**Text 33 – Distracted by a shop window (SN33, DE1)** Timéo, a pedestrian, strolls through a covered arcade at noon. A friend beside him looks around with wonder. The constant hum of city life blends with the bright, colorful displays in each window, creating a world of distractions.

Timéo's gaze lingers on a striking shop window, while the friend tugs his sleeve. The sounds and sights threaten to pull his attention from the path ahead.

The friend says, “Bright displays can distract us from where we’re going.” The words make Timéo smile and snap back to the present.

He shifts his focus, carefully watching where they walk while enjoying the sights from a safe distance. The friend mirrors his behavior, and they move with more attention.

Their stroll becomes lighter, filled with shared discovery and laughter, free from worry. The city's energy now feels playful rather than overwhelming.

**Text 34 – Dazzled by the sun or wind (SN34, DE4)** Ludovic, an explorer by nature, crosses a pedestrian bridge at 8:30 a.m. Tourists photograph the rising sun, and muffled footsteps echo on the planks. Strong wind and blinding light make the world feel both exciting and disorienting.

Ludovic shields his eyes, slowed by the glare and gusts. The discomfort grows as he tries to navigate the shifting brightness and the swirling air.

A tourist beside him says, “Staying close to the edge until the light softens will help you walk more comfortably.” The advice sparks a moment of reflection.

Ludovic moves closer to the railing, where the shadows offer relief. Each step feels steadier, the noise and brightness less overwhelming.

He reaches the other side of the bridge with a sense of transformation—no longer battling the elements, but moving in harmony with them.

**Text 35 – Wonder at an unexpected scene (SN7, DE3)** Maxime, a city walker, turns onto a busy pedestrian street at 4:30 p.m. The air is filled with the sound of music coming from a café, and sharp voices call out greetings between open shops. Suddenly, a flock of pigeons takes flight, and sunlight glimmers on a small fountain he's never noticed before.

Maxime stops in his tracks, surprised by the beauty and movement all around him. He hesitates, wondering whether to pause and enjoy the scene or keep going with his errands.

A passerby next to him smiles and says, “Some things can’t be found on a map—they’re meant to be discovered.” The comment makes Maxime rethink his hurry.

He chooses to pause, taking a few moments to watch the swirling pigeons, the shimmering water, and the spontaneous energy of the street.

Walking on, Maxime feels a fresh sense of curiosity—now aware that every walk in the city can reveal something new if he's open to it.

**Text 36 – Realizing the right gestures (SN10, DE3)** Jeanne, a transit user, pauses at the entrance of a green city square at 9 a.m. A focused pedestrian walks ahead, and the sound of slowed traffic and birdsong lingers in the air. Jeanne feels a subtle uncertainty—should she intervene or let things flow?

She sees someone struggling to carry bags and wonders what gesture could help without being intrusive. Jeanne hesitates, caught between wanting to act and fearing she'll overstep.

A quiet inner voice reminds her, “Offering a help at the right moment can make a real difference.” The thought brings clarity and a sense of calm.