IIUM
ENGINEERING
JOURNAL

Volume 23

July 2022

Number 2

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IIUM
Press

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860

http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal
**Copyright Notice**
***

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The IIUM Engineering journal follows the open access policy.

All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute for noncommercial purposes.

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IIUM Engineering Journal at https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
**CHIEF EDITOR**

Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia

**TECHNICAL EDITOR**

Sany Izan Ihsan, IIUM, Malaysia

**EXECUTIVE EDITOR**

AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia

**ASSOCIATE EDITOR**

Nor Farahidah Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia

**LANGUAGE EDITOR**

Lynn Mason, Malaysia

**COPY EDITOR**

Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia

**MALAY TRANSLATOR**

Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia

**EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS**

Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia

Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia

Aishah Najiah Bt. Dahnel, IIUM, Malaysia

Alya Naili Binti Rozhan, IIUM, Malaysia

Norsinnira Bt. Zainul Azlan, IIUM, Malaysia

Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia

Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia

Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada

Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia

Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia

Mohamed B. Trabia, United States

Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States

Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore

Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States

Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, IIUM, Malaysia

Mohd. Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shaik Dawood, IIUM, Malaysia

Muhammad Ibn Ibrahimy, IIUM, Malaysia

Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, IIUM, Malaysia

Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia

**AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL**

The IIUM *Engineering Journal*, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under *Regular papers and Invited review papers*. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective.

**REFEREES' NETWORK**

All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees' assessments.

**SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT**

A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website.
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

A. Anwar, United States

Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia

Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia

Hany Ammar, United States

Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria

K.B. Ramachandran, India

Kunzu Abdella, Canada

Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France

M Mujtaba, United Kingdom

Mohamed Al-Rubei, Ireland

Mohamed B Trabia, United States

Syed Kamrul Islam, United States

Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.

Published by:

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IIUM
Press

IIUM Press,

International Islamic University Malaysia

Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298

Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.

ISSN 1511-788X

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9 771511 788008

IIUM Engineering Journal

ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860
Table of Contents

<table><tr><td>EDITORIAL</td><td>i</td></tr></table>

CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

1713: EFFECT OF FEED FLOWRATES ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) ENCAPSULATED POWDER......................................................................................................................... 1
Muhammad Norzaman Kathiman, Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip, Jolius Gimbun

1717: POTENTIAL OF LOW CARBON NANOTUBES DOSAGE ON CHROMIUM REMOVAL FROM WATER ......................................................... 10
Nassereeldeen Ahmed Kabbashi, Firdaus Abd-Wahab, Warqaa Muhammed Bahaaddin, Lubna Muhamed Musa, Nour Hamid Abdurahman and Isam Yasseen Qudsieh

2234: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE FLOURS BASED ON MOCAF AND TEMPEH FLOUR FOR MAKING COOKIES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Dita Kristanti and Woro Setiaboma

CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

2070: EVALUATION OF DUCTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH SHEAR WALLS HAVING DIFFERENT THICKNESSES AND DIFFERENT POSITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Rifat ReSatoGlu and Shahram Jkhsi

2173: NEW APPROACH TO PREDICT Fecal COLIFORM REMOVAL FOR STORMWATER BIOFILTERS APPLICATION ................................. 45
Sai Hin Lai, Chun Hooi Bu, Ren Jie Chin, Xiang Ting Goh and Fang Yenn Teo

2367: GRANULAR SUBBASE IMPROVEMENT WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATES IN TROPICAL AREAS ......................................................... 59
Daniela L. Vega A., José Eduardo Salcedo Fontalvo, Richard Jiménez Triana, Dulce María Palacios Del Barre and Cesar Fresneda Saldarriaga

ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

1763: SECURE SLICING AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES OF 5G NETWORKS IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING / NETWORK FUNCTIONS VIRTUALIZATION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Ali J. Ramadhan

2168: THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER POLLUTION DETECTOR USING CONDUCTIVITY AND TURBIDITY PRINCIPLES......................................................... 104
Nurulhasanah Amir Hamzah Maju, Hasmah Mansor, Teddy Surya Gunawan and Robiah Ahmad

2190: OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE CUCKOO SEARCH ALGORITHM ......................................................... 114
Azrin Saedi, Mohd Shahrin Abu Hanifah, Hilmi Hela Ladin and Siti Hajar Yusoff

2272: A NEW HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE PARALLEL TURBO DECODER ................................................................. 125
Sujatha Elukuru, Subhas Chennapalli and Giriprasad Mahendra Nanjappa

2385: FUZZY LOGIC AND PI CONTROLLER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM ................................................................. 138
Mazbahur Rahman Khan, S. M. A. Motakabber, AHM Zahirul Alam and Syed Ahmad Fawwaz Wafa

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE

1697: A FUZZY SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF USERS IN A SOCIAL NETWORK ......................................................................................... 154
Mohammad Mahdi Shafiei, Hossein Shirgahi, Homayun Motameni and Behnam Barzegar

2134: SARIMA-LSTM COMBINATION FOR COVID-19 CASE MODELING ......................................................................................................................... 171
Imam Tahyudin, Rizki Wahyudi and Hidetaka Nambo

2164: FORECASTING OF INFECTION PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI (H. PYLORI) USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS ......................................................... 183
Komiljon Usarov, Anvarjon Ahmedov, Mustafa Fatih Abasiyanik and Ku Muhammad Na'im Ku Khalif
## MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

2182: MECHANICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC CELLULOSE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES .................................................................................................................. 193
Omran A. Shabeeb, Dawood S. Mahjoob, Hamid M. Mahan and Muammel M. Hanon

2196: CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE UPON HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT PROCESSING: CASE STUDY OF AMPANG DISTRICT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LEACHATE .................................................................................................................. 205
Hadi Purwanto, Siti Salwa Khamis, Hamzah Mohd Salleh, Alya Naili Rozhan, Mohamed Abd Rahman and Rashidi Othman

## MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

2137: THE EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS ON REPEATABILITY OF 3D PRINTED PLA PARTS PRODUCED USING OPENWARE 3D PRINTER .................................................................................................................................................. 218
Normariah Che Maideen, Mohd Ikmal Hisham Abdul Rahim, Salina Budin, Koay Mei Hyie and Hamid Yusoff

2143: CHARACTERIZATION AND SINTERING PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIOCERAMICS SYNTHESIZED FROM CLAMSHELL BIOWASTE .................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chui Kim Ng, Kit Yee Sara Lee, Chin Hong Tan, Singh Ramesh, Chen Hunt Ting, Yea Dat Chuah, Chou Yong Tan and Ubenthiran Sutharsini

2148: EARLIER DENATURATION OF DNA BY USING NOVEL TERNARY HYBRID NANOPARTICLES .................................................. 237
Jalal Mohammed Zayan, Akbar John, Abdul Khaliq Rasheed, Batoul Alallam, Mohammed Khalid, Ahmad Faris Ismail, Bryan Raveen Nelson and Hamzah Salleh

2157: VIRTUAL PROTOTYPE-BASED KINEMATIC MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A MULTI-MODE AMPHIBIOUS ROBOT ............ 246
Mohammed Rafeeq, Siti Fauziah Toha, Salmiah Ahmad and Mohd Asyraf Mohd Razib