# Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project

Nikita Deshmukh, Francesco Cappuzzello, Clementina Agodi, Diana Carbone, Manuela Cavallaro, Luis Acosta, Danilo Bonanno, Daniele Giuseppe Bongiovanni, Ismail Boztosun, Salvator Calabrese, et al.

► To cite this version:

Nikita Deshmukh, Francesco Cappuzzello, Clementina Agodi, Diana Carbone, Manuela Cavallaro, et al.. Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project. Conference on Neutrino and Nuclear Physics (CNNP2017), Oct 2017, Catane, Italy. pp.012015, 10.1088/1742-6596/1056/1/012015. [hal-01861876](https://hal.science/hal-01861876)

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# Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project

Nikita Deshmukh, Francesco Cappuzzello, Clementina Agodi, Diana Carbone, Manuela Cavallaro, Luis Acosta, Danilo Bonanno, Daniele Giuseppe Bongiovanni, Ismail Boztosun, Salvator Calabrese, et al.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

## ► To cite this version:

Nikita Deshmukh, Francesco Cappuzzello, Clementina Agodi, Diana Carbone, Manuela Cavallaro, et al.. Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project. Conference on Neutrino and Nuclear Physics (CNNP2017), Oct 2017, Catane, Italy. pp.012015, 10.1088/1742-6596/1056/1/012015. [hal-01861876]

HAL Id: hal-01861876

https://hal.science/hal-01861876v1

Submitted on 24 May 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project

N Deshmukh¹*, F Cappuzzello¹,², C Agodi¹, D Carbone¹, M Cavallaro¹, L Acosta³, D Bonanno⁴, D Bongiovanni¹, I Boztosun⁵, S Calabrese¹,², D Calvo⁶, E R Chávez Lomelí³, F Delaunay⁶,⁷, P Finocchiaro¹, M Fisichella⁶, A Foti⁴, G Gallo¹,², A Hacisalihoglu¹,⁸, F Iazzi⁶,⁹, R Introzzi⁶,⁹, G Lanzalone¹,¹⁰, R Linares¹¹, F Longhitano⁴, D Lo Presti²,⁴, N Medina¹², A Muoio¹, J R B Oliveira¹², A Pakou¹³, L Pandola¹, F Pinna⁶,⁹, S Reito⁴, G Russo²,⁴, G Santagati¹, O Sgouros¹,¹³, S O Solakci⁵, G Souliotis¹³, V Soukeras¹,¹³, A Spatafora¹,², D Torresi¹, S Tudisco¹, A Yildirin⁵ and V A B Zagatto¹¹

1. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy

3. Universidad Nacional Autònoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico

4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

5. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

6. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

7. LPC Caen, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France

8. Institute of Natural Science, Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi, Trabzon, Turkey

9. Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

10. Università di Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy

11. Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil

12. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

13. University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

**Abstract.** The current work is a part of the NUMEN project, which aims to deduce the nuclear matrix elements (NME) of neutrinoless double beta decay by measuring the cross sections in heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. The particle identification for the competing transfer reaction channels has been studied for the $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn system at 270 MeV.

## 1. Introduction

Neutrinoless double beta decay, $0\nu\beta\beta$, is at the present time strongly pursued both experimentally and theoretically [1]. Its observation will determine whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle and will provide a measurement of the average neutrino mass, which is one of the most fundamental problems in physics. The NUMEN project [2–4], at INFN Laboratory Nazionali del Sud in Catania (Italy), proposes to access the Nuclear Matrix Elements (NMEs) entering the expression of the life time of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay by measuring cross sections of DCE reactions in a wide range of incident energies. Crucial aspects of the project are the high-resolution in the energy spectra necessary to identify the transitions of interest and the accurate measurement of the absolute cross sections at very forward angles, including zero degree [5,6]. Moreover, a peculiarity of

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

<footnote>*e-mail: drnikitdeshmukh@gmail.com</footnote>
# Heavy-ion particle identification for the transfer reaction channels for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn under the NUMEN Project

N Deshmukh¹*, F Cappuzzello¹,², C Agodi¹, D Carbone¹, M Cavallaro¹, L Acosta³, D Bonanno⁴, D Bongiovanni¹, I Boztosun⁵, S Calabrese¹,², D Calvo⁶, E R Chávez Lomelí³, F Delaunay⁶,⁷, P Finocchiaro¹, M Fisichella⁶, A Foti⁴, G Gallo¹,², A Hacisalihoglu¹,⁸, F Iazzi⁶,⁹, R Introzzi⁶,⁹, G Lanzalone¹,¹⁰, R Linares¹¹, F Longhitano⁴, D Lo Presti²,⁴, N Medina¹², A Muoio¹, J R B Oliveira¹², A Pakou¹³, L Pandola¹, F Pinna⁶,⁹, S Reito⁴, G Russo²,⁴, G Santagati¹, O Sgouros¹,¹³, S O Solakci⁵, G Souliotis¹³, V Soukeras¹,¹³, A Spatafora¹,², D Torresi¹, S Tudisco¹, A Yildirin⁵ and V A B Zagatto¹¹

1. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy

3. Universidad Nacional Autònoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico

4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

5. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

6. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

7. LPC Caen, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France

8. Institute of Natural Science, Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi, Trabzon, Turkey

9. Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

10. Università di Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy

11. Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil

12. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

13. University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

**Abstract.** The current work is a part of the NUMEN project, which aims to deduce the nuclear matrix elements (NME) of neutrinoless double beta decay by measuring the cross sections in heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. The particle identification for the competing transfer reaction channels has been studied for the $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn system at 270 MeV.

## 1. Introduction

Neutrinoless double beta decay, $0\nu\beta\beta$, is at the present time strongly pursued both experimentally and theoretically [1]. Its observation will determine whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle and will provide a measurement of the average neutrino mass, which is one of the most fundamental problems in physics. The NUMEN project [2–4], at INFN Laboratory Nazionali del Sud in Catania (Italy), proposes to access the Nuclear Matrix Elements (NMEs) entering the expression of the life time of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay by measuring cross sections of DCE reactions in a wide range of incident energies. Crucial aspects of the project are the high-resolution in the energy spectra necessary to identify the transitions of interest and the accurate measurement of the absolute cross sections at very forward angles, including zero degree [5,6]. Moreover, a peculiarity of

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

<footnote>*e-mail: drnikitdeshmukh@gmail.com</footnote>
NUMEN is the concurrent measurement of the other relevant reaction channels i.e., one- and two-neutron transfer, one- and two-proton transfer and single charge exchange. These studies are important because they allow to isolate the direct DCE mechanism from the competing multi-nucleon transfer processes. These are at least of 4th order in the nucleus-nucleus interaction and can be effectively minimized by the choice of the proper projectile-target system and incident energy [7]. In this manuscript we discuss the experimental measurement of the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn, focusing in particular on the multi-nucleon transfer channels.

## 2. Experimental Details and Data reduction

The following competing channels were studied: 1n-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{17}$O)$^{117}$Sn, 2n-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{16}$O)$^{118}$Sn and 1p-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{19}$F)$^{115}$In. These correspond to the almost complete net of transfer reactions for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn. Figure 1 shows the studied reaction channels.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1:** The net of multi-nucleon transfer reactions for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn</figcaption></figure>

A beam of $^{18}$O$^{4+}$ ions, extracted by the K800 Superconducting Cyclotron accelerator, bombarded on 257 µg/cm$^2$ Sn target, at 270 MeV incident energy. The ejectiles produced were momentum-analyzed by MAGNEX [8,9,10], which is a quadrupole-dipole magnetic spectrometer characterized by a large angular (~ 50 mr) and momentum (-14.3%, +10.3%) acceptance and detected by its Focal Plane Detector (FPD) [11]. An angular range of 4° < θ$_{lab}$ < 12° was explored in the laboratory frame.

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2:** ΔE$_{PC}$ - E$_{resid}$ plot for the unselected ejectiles detected in the reaction $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn at 270 MeV incident energy for a single silicon detector. The other ejectiles like Boron, carbon, Nitrogen are also quite observable, apart from Oxygen and Fluorine. The graphical contours on Oxygen (black line) and Fluorine (red line) regions are also indicated.</figcaption></figure>

The identification for the ejectiles were performed, firstly by identifying the atomic number (Z) using the standard ΔE – E technique based on Bethe-Bloch formula. A typical ΔE – E plot is shown in Figure 2 for a single silicon detector together with two coarse graphical contours: one includes the oxygen ejectiles (black line) and the other includes the Fluorine ejectiles (red line). The plotted parameters are the residual energy measured
NUMEN is the concurrent measurement of the other relevant reaction channels i.e., one- and two-neutron transfer, one- and two-proton transfer and single charge exchange. These studies are important because they allow to isolate the direct DCE mechanism from the competing multi-nucleon transfer processes. These are at least of 4th order in the nucleus-nucleus interaction and can be effectively minimized by the choice of the proper projectile-target system and incident energy [7]. In this manuscript we discuss the experimental measurement of the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn, focusing in particular on the multi-nucleon transfer channels.

## 2. Experimental Details and Data reduction

The following competing channels were studied: 1n-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{17}$O)$^{117}$Sn, 2n-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{16}$O)$^{118}$Sn and 1p-transfer $^{116}$Sn($^{18}$O,$^{19}$F)$^{115}$In. These correspond to the almost complete net of transfer reactions for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn. Figure 1 shows the studied reaction channels.

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1:** The net of multi-nucleon transfer reactions for the system $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn</figcaption></figure>

A beam of $^{18}$O$^{4+}$ ions, extracted by the K800 Superconducting Cyclotron accelerator, bombarded on 257 µg/cm$^2$ Sn target, at 270 MeV incident energy. The ejectiles produced were momentum-analyzed by MAGNEX [8,9,10], which is a quadrupole-dipole magnetic spectrometer characterized by a large angular (~ 50 mr) and momentum (-14.3%, +10.3%) acceptance and detected by its Focal Plane Detector (FPD) [11]. An angular range of 4° < θ$_{lab}$ < 12° was explored in the laboratory frame.

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2:** ΔE$_{PC}$ - E$_{resid}$ plot for the unselected ejectiles detected in the reaction $^{18}$O + $^{116}$Sn at 270 MeV incident energy for a single silicon detector. The other ejectiles like Boron, carbon, Nitrogen are also quite observable, apart from Oxygen and Fluorine. The graphical contours on Oxygen (black line) and Fluorine (red line) regions are also indicated.</figcaption></figure>

The identification for the ejectiles were performed, firstly by identifying the atomic number (Z) using the standard ΔE – E technique based on Bethe-Bloch formula. A typical ΔE – E plot is shown in Figure 2 for a single silicon detector together with two coarse graphical contours: one includes the oxygen ejectiles (black line) and the other includes the Fluorine ejectiles (red line). The plotted parameters are the residual energy measured
by the Silicon detectors ($E_{resid}$) in abscissa, and in ordinate the energy loss in the gas measured by the PC counter ($\Delta E_{PC}$) [11].

An innovative particle identification technique for the mass was introduced in ref. [12] that exploits the property of the Lorentz force, which determines the trajectory of a charged particle in a magnetic field to its momentum

$$B\rho = \frac{p}{q}$$

where p and q are the momentum and electric charge of the ion respectively, while $\rho$ is the radius of curvature of the ion trajectory inside a dispersive element (bending magnet) with the field induction B.

In a non-relativistic approximation, the momentum p is related to the kinetic energy E and, approximately, to the residual energy measured by the silicons $E_{resid}$, by a quadratic relation $p = \sqrt{2mE}$, where m is the ion mass. Since the curvature $\rho$ is related to the position at the focal plane $X_{foc}$, the relationship between the two measured quantities ($X_{foc}$ and $E_{resid}$) is approximately quadratic with a factor depending on the ratio $\sqrt{m/q}$

$$X_{foc} = \frac{\sqrt{m}}{q} \sqrt{E_{resid}}$$

Therefore, in a $X_{foc}$ v/s $E_{resid}$ plot, the ions are distributed on different curves according to the ratio $\sqrt{m/q}$. The separation between the different oxygen isotopes with the same charge state ($8^+$) is visible in Figure 3, where the $X_{foc}-E_{resid}$ matrix shown is for the data selected in Figure 2, with the graphical condition on the $\Delta E_{PC}-E_{resid}$ (black line). For the present case, we chose the $^{16}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectile (graphical cut in black), for the 2n-transfer reaction $^{116}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{16}\text{O})^{118}\text{Sn}$, and $^{17}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectile (graphical cut in red), for the 2n-transfer reaction $^{117}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{17}\text{O})^{117}\text{Sn}$, as done with the graphical contour shown in Figure 3. Using the graphical condition on fluorine isotope in Figure 2 (red line), we can select the $^{19}\text{F}^{9+}$ ejectiles, for the 1p-transfer reaction $^{116}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{19}\text{F})^{115}\text{In}$, as shown in Figure 4.

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3:** Typical $X_{foc}-E_{resid}$ matrix plotted with the graphical condition of Figure 2 (black line) for the same silicon detector. The different isotopes for oxygen are seen and the graphical contours selecting the $^{16}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectiles (black line) and the $^{17}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectiles (red line) are also indicated.</figcaption></figure>
by the Silicon detectors ($E_{resid}$) in abscissa, and in ordinate the energy loss in the gas measured by the PC counter ($\Delta E_{PC}$) [11].

An innovative particle identification technique for the mass was introduced in ref. [12] that exploits the property of the Lorentz force, which determines the trajectory of a charged particle in a magnetic field to its momentum

$$B\rho = \frac{p}{q}$$

where p and q are the momentum and electric charge of the ion respectively, while ρ is the radius of curvature of the ion trajectory inside a dispersive element (bending magnet) with the field induction B.

In a non-relativistic approximation, the momentum p is related to the kinetic energy E and, approximately, to the residual energy measured by the silicons $E_{resid}$, by a quadratic relation $p = \sqrt{2mE}$, where m is the ion mass. Since the curvature ρ is related to the position at the focal plane $X_{foc}$, the relationship between the two measured quantities ($X_{foc}$ and $E_{resid}$) is approximately quadratic with a factor depending on the ratio $\sqrt{m/q}$

$$X_{foc} = \frac{\sqrt{m}}{q} \sqrt{E_{resid}}$$

Therefore, in a $X_{foc}$ v/s $E_{resid}$ plot, the ions are distributed on different curves according to the ratio $\sqrt{m/q}$. The separation between the different oxygen isotopes with the same charge state ($8^+$) is visible in Figure 3, where the $X_{foc}-E_{resid}$ matrix shown is for the data selected in Figure 2, with the graphical condition on the $\Delta E_{PC}-E_{resid}$ (black line). For the present case, we chose the $^{16}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectile (graphical cut in black), for the 2n-transfer reaction $^{116}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{16}\text{O})^{118}\text{Sn}$, and $^{17}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectile (graphical cut in red), for the 2n-transfer reaction $^{117}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{17}\text{O})^{117}\text{Sn}$, as done with the graphical contour shown in Figure 3. Using the graphical condition on fluorine isotope in Figure 2 (red line), we can select the $^{19}\text{F}^{9+}$ ejectiles, for the 1p-transfer reaction $^{116}\text{Sn}(^{18}\text{O},^{19}\text{F})^{115}\text{In}$, as shown in Figure 4.

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3:** Typical $X_{foc}-E_{resid}$ matrix plotted with the graphical condition of Figure 2 (black line) for the same silicon detector. The different isotopes for oxygen are seen and the graphical contours selecting the $^{16}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectiles (black line) and the $^{17}\text{O}^{8+}$ ejectiles (red line) are also indicated.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4:** Typical X<sub> foc</sub>-E<sub>resid</sub> matrix plotted with the graphical condition of Figure 2 (red line) for the same silicon detector. The different isotopes for fluorine are seen and a graphical contour selecting the <sup>19</sup>F ejectile is also shown.</figcaption></figure>

**3. Summary and Conclusions**

The identification procedures to separate the different ions has been carried out. Now after that the final phase
space parameters has to be analyzed in detail which will provide an important information for the achieved
horizontal and vertical focusing along with the aberrations [13,14]. Finally, the ray-reconstruction procedure will
be applied to each set of analyzed data, according to the procedure described in refs. [15][16], in order to obtain
the excitation energy spectra of the residual nuclei and the cross section angular distributions for the main
transitions.

**References**

[1] Dell'Oro S, Marcocci S, Viel M, Vissani F 2016 *Adv. High Energy Phys.* **2162659**

[2] Cappuzzello F et al. 2015 *J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.* **630** 012018

[3] Agodi C et al. 2015 *Nucl. Part. Phys. Proceedings 265–266* 28

[4] Cappuzzello F et al. 2018 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **54** 72

[5] Cappuzzello F et al. 2015 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **51** 145

[6] Matsubara H et al. 2013 *Few-Body Systems* **54** 1433

[7] Brink D M 1972 *Phys. Lett. B* **40** 37

[8] Cappuzzello F et al. 2016 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **52** 167

[9] Cappuzzello F et al. 2014 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth A* **763** 314

[10] Cunsolo A et al. 2007 *Eur. Phys. J. ST* **150** 343

[11] Cavallaro M et al. 2012 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **48** 59

[12] Cappuzzello F et al. 2010 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth A* **621** 419

[13] Lazzaro A et al. 2008 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.* **591** 394.

[14] Lazzaro A et al. 2008 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.* **585** 136

[15] Carbone D 2015 *Eur. Phys. J. Plus* **130** 143

[16] Calabrese S 2018 *Acta Phys. Pol. B* **49** 275
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4:** Typical X<sub> foc</sub>-E<sub>resid</sub> matrix plotted with the graphical condition of Figure 2 (red line) for the same silicon detector. The different isotopes for fluorine are seen and a graphical contour selecting the <sup>19</sup>F ejectile is also shown.</figcaption></figure>

**3. Summary and Conclusions**

The identification procedures to separate the different ions has been carried out. Now after that the final phase
space parameters has to be analyzed in detail which will provide an important information for the achieved
horizontal and vertical focusing along with the aberrations [13,14]. Finally, the ray-reconstruction procedure will
be applied to each set of analyzed data, according to the procedure described in refs. [15][16], in order to obtain
the excitation energy spectra of the residual nuclei and the cross section angular distributions for the main
transitions.

References

[1] Dell'Oro S, Marcocci S, Viel M, Vissani F 2016 *Adv. High Energy Phys.* **2162659**

[2] Cappuzzello F et al. 2015 *J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.* **630** 012018

[3] Agodi C et al. 2015 *Nucl. Part. Phys. Proceedings 265–266* 28

[4] Cappuzzello F et al. 2018 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **54** 72

[5] Cappuzzello F et al. 2015 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **51** 145

[6] Matsubara H et al. 2013 *Few-Body Systems* **54** 1433

[7] Brink D M 1972 *Phys. Lett. B* **40** 37

[8] Cappuzzello F et al. 2016 Eur. Phys. J. A 52 167

[9] Cappuzzello F et al. 2014 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth A* **763** 314

[10] Cunsolo A et al. 2007 *Eur. Phys. J. ST* **150** 343

[11] Cavallaro M et al. 2012 *Eur. Phys. J. A* **48** 59

[12] Cappuzzello F et al. 2010 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth A* **621** 419

[13] Lazzaro A et al. 2008 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.* **591** 394.

[14] Lazzaro A et al. 2008 *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.* **585** 136

[15] Carbone D 2015 *Eur. Phys. J. Plus* **130** 143

[16] Calabrese S 2018 *Acta Phys. Pol. B* **49** 275