# Information Security Education - Adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Lynette Drevin, Natalia Miloslavskaya, Wai Sze Leung, Suné von Solms

► To cite this version:

Lynette Drevin, Natalia Miloslavskaya, Wai Sze Leung, Suné von Solms. Information Security Education - Adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AICT-650, 2022, 10.1007/978-3-031-08172-9. hal-05312351

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Editor-in-Chief

Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Editorial Board Members

TC 1 – Foundations of Computer Science
Luís Soares Barbosa*†, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

TC 2 – Software: Theory and Practice
Michael Goedicke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

TC 3 – Education
Arthur Tatnall*‡, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

TC 5 – Information Technology Applications
Erich J. Neuhold, University of Vienna, Austria

TC 6 – Communication Systems
Burkhard Stiller, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

TC 7 – System Modeling and Optimization
Fredi Tröltzsch, TU Berlin, Germany

TC 8 – Information Systems
Jan Pries-Heje, Roskilde University, Denmark

TC 9 – ICT and Society
David Kreps*§, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

TC 10 – Computer Systems Technology
Ricardo Reis*¶, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

TC 11 – Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems
Steven Furnell*∥, Plymouth University, UK

TC 12 – Artificial Intelligence
Eunika Mercier-Laurent*∥, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

TC 13 – Human-Computer Interaction
Marco Winckler*∥, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France

TC 14 – Entertainment Computing
Rainer Malaka, University of Bremen, Germany
# IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the first World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. A federation for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing in the countries of its members and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states:

> IFIP is the global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals that aims at achieving a worldwide professional and socially responsible development and application of information and communication technologies.

IFIP is a non-profit-making organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees and working groups, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from large international open conferences to working conferences and local seminars.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is generally smaller and occasionally by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is also rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

IFIP distinguishes three types of institutional membership: Country Representative Members, Members at Large, and Associate Members. The type of organization that can apply for membership is a wide variety and includes national or international societies of individual computer scientists/ICT professionals, associations or federations of such societies, government institutions/government related organizations, national or international research institutes or consortia, universities, academies of sciences, companies, national or international associations or federations of companies.

More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/6102
Lynette Drevin · Natalia Miloslavskaya ·
Wai Sze Leung · Suné von Solms (Eds.)

Information Security
Education - Adapting
to the Fourth Industrial
Revolution

15th IFIP WG 11.8 World Conference, WISE 2022
Copenhagen, Denmark, June 13–15, 2022
Proceedings

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Springer
Editors

Lynette Drevin
North-West University
Potchefstroom, South Africa

Wai Sze Leung
University of Johannesburg
Johannesburg, South Africa

Natalia Miloslavskaya
National Research Nuclear University
Moscow, Russia

Suné von Solms
University of Johannesburg
Johannesburg, South Africa

ISSN 1868-4238
ISSN 1868-422X (electronic)
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
ISBN 978-3-031-08171-2
ISBN 978-3-031-08172-9 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08172-9

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2022

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface

This volume contains the papers presented at the 15th World Conference on Infor-
mation Security Education (WISE 15) held during June 13–15, 2022, which was
co-located with the 37th International Conference on ICT Systems Security and Pri-
vacy Protection (SEC 2022)—the flagship event of the International Federation for
Information Processing (IFIP) Technical Committee 11 (TC-11).

WISE 15 was organized by the IFIP Working Group (WG) 11.8, which is an
international group of people from academia, government, and private organizations
who volunteer their time and effort to increase knowledge in the very broad field of
information security through education. WG 11.8 has worked to increase information
security education and awareness for almost two decades. This year, WG 11.8 orga-
nized the 15th conference of a successful series under the theme “Information Security
Education – Adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.” In response to our call for
papers, we received 17 submissions from around the world.

Prior to the assignment of reviewers to the submissions, members of the interna-
tional Program Committee (PC) were asked to indicate their conflict of interest with
submissions. This was further checked by the committee to ensure that any conflicts of
interest and potential bias were adequately managed. Each paper was then subject to
double-blind review by at least three members of the PC over a review period of 12
days. Where deemed necessary, additional reviewers with the necessary expertise to
assess the submissions appropriately were identified to assist with assessing the quality
of the work. Papers were reviewed according to a set of criteria which included rele-
vance, novelty and originality, technical strength, discussion of related work, the
quality of the design and methodology, and the paper’s plausibility. After careful
consideration, the committee decided to accept eight full papers. The acceptance rate
for the conference was thus 47%.

This conference took place thanks to the support and commitment of many indi-
viduals. First, we would like to thank all TC-11 members for continually giving us the
opportunity to serve the working group and organize the WISE conferences. Our
sincere appreciation also goes to the members of the Program Committee and the
external reviewers, and to the authors who trusted us with their intellectual work. We
are grateful for the support of WG 11.8 Officers Erik Moore, Jacques Ophoff, and Matt
Bishop. In addition, we would like to thank the SEC 2022 organizers, Christian
Damsgaard Jensen, Simone Fischer-Hübner, and their team, for their efforts in helping
us to host WISE 15.
Finally, we wish to acknowledge the EasyChair conference management system which was used for managing the submissions and reviews of WISE 15 papers. As for the preparation of this volume, we sincerely thank our publisher Springer for their assistance.

June 2022

Lynette Drevin

Natalia Miloslavskaya

Wai Sze Leung

Suné von Solms
## Organization

### Conference Chair

Erik Moore Regis University, USA

### Program Chairs

Lynette Drevin North-West University, South Africa

Natalia Miloslavskaya National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia

### Conference Secretariat

Matt Bishop University of California, Davis, USA

### Publication Chairs

Wai Sze Leung University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Suné von Solms University of Johannesburg, South Africa

### Web Chair

Jacques Ophoff Abertay University, UK

### Program Committee

Maria Bada Queen Mary University of London, UK

Matt Bishop University of California, Davis, USA

Nathan Clark University of Plymouth, UK

Lynette Drevin North-West University, South Africa

Jun Dai California State University, Sacramento, USA

Ludwig Englbrecht University of Regensburg, Germany

Steven Furnell University of Nottingham, UK

Lynn Futcher Nelson Mandela University, South Africa

Ram Herkanaidu University of Plymouth, UK

Lech Janczewski University of Auckland, New Zealand

Christos Kalloniatis University of the Aegean, Greece

Sokratis Katsikas Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

Konstantin Knorr Trier University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Elmarie Kritzinger University of South Africa, South Africa

Wai Sze Leung University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Dan Likarish Regis University, USA
<table><tr><td>Javier Lopez</td><td>University of Malaga, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Herbert Mattord</td><td>Kennesaw State University, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Natalia Miloslavskaya</td><td>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia</td></tr><tr><td>Stig Mjolsnes</td><td>Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway</td></tr><tr><td>Erik Moore</td><td>Regis University, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Jacques Ophoff</td><td>Abertay University, UK</td></tr><tr><td>Günther Pernul</td><td>University of Regensburg, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Tobias Pulls</td><td>Karlstad University, Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>Kai Rannenberg</td><td>Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Carlos Rieder</td><td>isec ag, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Léo Robert</td><td>LIMOS, Université Clermont Auvergne, France</td></tr><tr><td>Rudi Serfontein</td><td>North-West University, South Africa</td></tr><tr><td>Chien-Chung Shen</td><td>University of Delaware, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Alireza Shojaifar</td><td>University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Alexander Tolstoy</td><td>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia</td></tr><tr><td>Susanne Wetzel</td><td>Stevens Institute of Technology, USA</td></tr></table>

Additional Reviewers

<table><tr><td>Rasmus Dahlberg</td><td>Daniel Schlette</td></tr><tr><td>Peter Hamm</td><td>Michael Schmid</td></tr><tr><td>Katerina Mavroeidi</td><td>Manfred Vielberth</td></tr></table>