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# Technology meets ecology and economy; different cases on 'bio-economy systems' in Europe

Hugo de Vries, Mechthild Donner, Monique Axelos

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## ► To cite this version:

Hugo de Vries, Mechthild Donner, Monique Axelos. Technology meets ecology and economy; different cases on 'bio-economy systems' in Europe. The Normative Dimension of Transformations Towards a Sustainable Bioeconomy, Sep 2019, Hohenheim, Germany. hal-02933357

HAL Id: hal-02933357

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02933357

Submitted on 8 Sep 2020

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Technology meets ecology and economy; different cases on 'bio-economy systems' in Europe.

Hugo de Vries, Mechthild Donner and Monique Axelos
Inra, France

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Content

* Where are we?

* What do we need?

* And for **technology and new business models**
  > which radical innovations?

* Examples of potential options for both
  technology and new business?

* Need for a **bio-economy systems approach?**
# Where are we?

## An enormous challenge!

Earth overshoot day 2019 is July 29 !

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1 Earth

Earth Overshoot Day
1970-2019

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1.75 Earths

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Source: Global Footprint Network National Footprint Accounts 2019

### Combien de Chine faut-il pour subvenir aux besoins des Chinois?

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CHINE

2.7

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### Qu'en est-il des autres pays?

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FRANCE

1.4

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U.S.A

1.9

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INDIE

2.0

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ALLEMAGNE

2.1

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GRECE

2.6

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G.B.

3.0

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EGYPTE

3.2

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SUISSE

3.5

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ITALIE

3.8

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JAPAN

5.5

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MONDE

1.6

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# Major challenges?

## Exponential curves

We are currently **extending the expiry date** of our planet.

We are not heading towards a sustainable, circular bio-economy (spiral)

We are not able to take away the uncertainties about a well-balanced society

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www.worldometers.info/

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What do we need? > **we need to redefine the limits**
> **ecology as driver**

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Options from the
technology perspective
Innovations in technology with consequences for business:
*avoiding unnecessary exploitation of resources* (I)

<table><thead><tr><td>New Technologies</td><td>Business proposition</td><td>Business model</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>From products to services &amp; de-materialization</td><td>Consultancy, support structure, cross-sector alliance</td><td>Individual / cluster of companies</td></tr><tr><td>Low density – high satiety food</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Alternative protein sources</td><td>New value proposition, cross-sector alliance</td><td>Individual/ cluster of company</td></tr><tr><td>Utilization the richness of nature's structures (biomimetic),</td><td>New value proposition, cross-sector alliance</td><td>Individual/ cluster of company</td></tr><tr><td>Waterless systems</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Synthetic biology pathways</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr></tbody></table>
Innovations in technology with consequences for business:
**efficiently transform and use agro-resources (II)**

<table><thead><tr><td>New Technologies</td><td>Business proposition</td><td>Business model</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Autocatalytic systems</td><td>Autocatalytic firms?</td><td>Not yet known</td></tr><tr><td>Targeted processes (not over-dimensioned)</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Process intensification</td><td>Cluster of companies</td><td>Cluster of companies</td></tr><tr><td>Local bio-refineries at the farm</td><td>Bio-refinery plant</td><td>Cluster of companies</td></tr><tr><td>New ICT driven processes (virtual design, domotics, 3D printing, ...)</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Eco-efficient dynamic storage</td><td>Cross-sector Alliance</td><td>Cluster of companies</td></tr><tr><td>High precision water-droplet systems</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Energy efficient desalting of sea water</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Novel biomaterials & packaging concepts</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr></tbody></table>
# Innovations in technology with consequences for business: (re-)valorising co-products and waste streams (III)

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<table><thead><tr><th>New Technologies</th><th>Business proposition</th><th>Business model</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Eco-pyramid valorisation of resources</td><td>Agro-parks, Bio-refinery Plant, Cross-sector Alliance</td><td>Cluster</td></tr><tr><td>Aquaponics systems</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>New salt tolerant species</td><td>New value proposition</td><td>Individual company</td></tr><tr><td>Diverse agro-ecological-processing methods</td><td>Cooperative, Bio-refinery plant, Agro-park, Industrial ecology</td><td>Cluster</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Options from the
business perspective
Innovations in business with consequences for technology
with ecology/environment as driver

<table><thead><tr><td>New Business concepts</td><td>Business proposition</td><td>Technology impact</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New company activity in the <u>chain</u> (standard business model)</td><td>Product or technology innovation</td><td>New product or technology</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster of companies in the <u>chain</u> with multiple innovations</td><td>Product or technology innovations</td><td>A series of new products or technologies</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster of companies for valorizing products in a <u>cascading manner</u></td><td>Cross-sector alliance, Multiple product or technology innovations</td><td>A series of new organizational clusters, products or technologies</td></tr><tr><td><u>Circular</u> business models</td><td>New value proposition cross-sector alliance</td><td>New products should be recyclable, new techno?</td></tr><tr><td>New <u>cross-sector network</u> of companies</td><td>Radical innovations</td><td>Both product, technology and organizational</td></tr></tbody></table>
Examples in new
business & technology,
going hand in hand

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(C) WWF Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance
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## Example 1

*New technology and business for valorising a co-product 'innovation in the chain'*
New technologies for extracting proteins
from by-product streams

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To be used as meat alternatives on basis of new plant, algae and insect protein sources or for bio-based products (coatings, paints, dermatology)

WHY RUPTURE? .... Substantial reduction of environmental pressure due to protein-conversion factors and greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, etc.), challenges with nutritional profiles, ...
# New business concept for protein valorisation:
IMPROVE consortium or BBI Greenprotein team

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## Project data

* **Acronym:** GreenProtein

* **Project title:** Revalorisation of vegetable processing industry remnants into high-value functional proteins and other food ingredients.

* **Call:** Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking. VC3. D5-2015 - Valorisation of agricultural residues and side streams from the agro-food industry -LINK-

* **Grant Agreement Number:** 720728

* **Consortium:** Nine partners from 5 different countries. Provalor B.V. (NL) - coordinator-, TNO (NL), Florette France GMS (FR), Ruitenberg Ingredients B.V. (NL), Bionet Engineering (ES), INRA (FR), Eurizon S.L. (ES), Pazmany Peter Catholic University (HU), Union Nikola Tesla - Faculty of Business and Industrial Management (RS)

* **Project leader:** Paulus Kosters, GreenProtein BV, Wageningen (NL)

* **Duration:** starting date 1st of September and it will last 4,5 years.

* **Budget:** 5.5 Million €

> WHY RUPTURE? .... **New cooperation forms** between companies, sharing of facilities, co-investments, ...
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## Example 2

*New technology and business with multiple innovations in the chain*

*'cluster in a chain'*
Examples: Innovation from the field to the plate:

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Rupture : New type of agriculture

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Reduction of fertilizers

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% wheat/legumes > new mixed resources

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Novel dry fractionation & transformation steps

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Ref: « Flexiprocess » project
M.H. Jeuffroy & C Michon
« Vegage » project V. Micard
« Defi Blé Dur » project B. Cuq

French National strategy for protein transition

New Nutritional advantages

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Approval ?

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# New but _temporary network_ of companies

## BPI France Défi Blé Dur

* 1 R&D centre, **INRA**

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* 7 industrial partners (SME and multinationals) :

- Pasta chain companies (95% of the total production) and couscous (100% of the total production), **Alpina Savoie, Heimburger, Panzani (coordinator), Pastacorp, Tipiak Epicerie**

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- 2 support structures / companies:
    **ETIA, ENGIE Cofely**

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## Example 3

New technology and business for entire plant usage, 'cascading usage'

Cross-sector alliance / cooperative
Ex. technologies for full plant resource usage

dry fractionation

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Abecassis et al., 2013,..

WHY RUPTURE? .... Integral use of biomass, no water added during processing (thus no drying), local applicability, avoiding water transport, local employment
# Ex. New business model for entire plant usage; Grap'Sud

→ GrapSud, a union of 7 wine cooperatives located in the South of France, with 210 employees on 6 production sites

## Waste valorised:

- 125 000 tonnes of grape marc

- 270 000 hl of wine lees

- 600 000 hl of wine most

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→ A diversity of new value-added products issued from by-products

→ **Alternative cooperative structure**
**focused on multi-market business.**
Ex. New Association Bâtir-en-Balles

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→ **New association formed**
**focused on non-food business**

→ **Cross-sector valorization: rice husks in**
**the Camargue for eco-construction**

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## Example 4

*New technology and business for industrial ecology*

*'circular business model'*
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## Industrial ecology parks / symbiosis for regional development:

- Large scale: Pomacle

- Small scale: Biovallée
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## Example 5

*New technology and business as cross-sector innovation*

*‘network approach’*
Ex. Efficient dynamic storage for maritime transport

P&O Nedlloyd

Carrier
TRANSICOLD

Solar

the Greenery
INTERNATIONAL

ECOFYS

WAGENINGEN
UNIVERSITY & RESEARCH

Economie Ecologie Technologie

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WHY RUPTURE? ...Energy for climatisation 70% reduced & stand
alone & less product loss & cross-sector network
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## The way ahead (I)

Understanding what are the consequences of
*new technologies for business*
and what are the consequences of
*new business & value propositions for technology*
*development*

*always with the ambition to strive for substantial*
*environmental and/or social improvements to*
*maintain our planet viable*
# The way ahead (II) Need for bio-economy systems approach and joint platforms

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World food systems as **Intelligently Navigated Complex Adaptive Systems (INCAS)**

- Summary IFSET Special Issue 5, France, 2018

- De Vries, 2017
# We need inspiration & creativity

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## Thanks to MC Escher

## Thanks to all colleagues, young and many years young

## Thanks to you

<figure><img src="image_94.png" /><figcaption>Thinking in spirals, not in circles</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_95.png" /><figcaption>Changing the landscapes & melting zones</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_96.png" /><figcaption>Creating ruptures</figcaption></figure>

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Bioeconomy conference, Paris, 29 – 30 October 2019

EFFoST Conference on sustainability & food, Rotterdam, 12 – 14 / 11 / 2019 29

hugo.de-vries@inra.fr

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