t-quark Polarization in Single Top Events in pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&gt;0.72</td><td>95</td><td>1 AABOUD</td><td>17BB ATLS</td><td>α<sub>ℓ</sub>P; t-channel</td></tr><tr><td>0.97±0.05±0.11</td><td></td><td>2 AABOUD</td><td>17i ATLS</td><td>α<sub>ℓ</sub>P; t-channel</td></tr><tr><td>0.25±0.08±0.14</td><td></td><td>3 AABOUD</td><td>17i ATLS</td><td>(F<sub>+</sub>+F<sub>-</sub>)/P; t-channel</td></tr><tr><td>0.26±0.03±0.10</td><td></td><td>4 KHACHATRYAN</td><td>16B0 CMS</td><td>(α<sub>μ</sub>P)/2; t-channel</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AABOUD 17BB based on 20.2 fb⁻¹ of pp data. Triple-differential decay rate of top quark is used to simultaneously determine five generalized Wt b couplings as well as the top polarization. αℓ denotes the spin analyzing power of charged lepton, and the spin axis of the top polarization P is taken along the spectator-quark momentum in the top rest frame. The value is compatible with the SM prediction of about 0.9.

2 AABOUD 17i based on 20.2 fb⁻¹ of pp data. A cut-based analysis is used to discriminate between signal and backgrounds. αℓ denotes the spin analyzing power of charged lepton, and the spin axis of the top polarization P is taken along the spectator-quark momentum in the top rest frame. See this paper for a number of other asymmetries and measurements that are not included here.

3 AABOUD 17i based on 20.2 fb⁻¹ of pp data. A cut-based analysis is used to discriminate between signal and backgrounds. F<sub>±</sub> denotes W helicity fraction, and the spin axis of the top polarization P is taken along the spectator-quark momentum in the top rest frame. See this paper for a number of other asymmetries and measurements that are not included here.

4 KHACHATRYAN 16B0 based on 19.7 fb⁻¹ of data. A high-purity sample with a muon is selected by a multivariate analysis. The value is the top spin asymmetry, given by one half of the spin analyzing power α<sub>μ</sub> (=1 at LO of SM) times the top polarization, P, where the spin axis is defined as the direction of the untagged jet in the top rest frame. The value is compatible with the SM prediction of 0.44 with a 2.0σ deviation.

t-quark Polarization in Single Top Events in pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>0.01 ± 0.18</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>x'</sub> (t, transverse component)</td></tr><tr><td>-0.029 ± 0.027</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>y'</sub> (t, normal component)</td></tr><tr><td>0.91 ± 0.10</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>z'</sub> (t, parallel component)</td></tr><tr><td>-0.02 ± 0.20</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>x'</sub> (t̄, transverse component)</td></tr><tr><td>-0.007 ± 0.051</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>y'</sub> (t̄, normal component)</td></tr><tr><td>-0.79 ± 0.16</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>22Z ATLS</td><td>P<sub>z'</sub> (t̄, parallel component)</td></tr><tr><td>0.440 ± 0.070</td><td>2 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20R CMS</td><td>(α<sub>μ</sub>P)/2; t-channel</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 22z based on 139 fb⁻¹ of data. Three components of t or t̄ polarization vector (defined in the t or t̄ rest frame) are measured in the t-channel single top production using ℓ momentum distribution in the ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 2j (with 1 of them b-jet) channel. The measured values are in agreement with NNLO SM prediction. Constraints on the Wilson coefficients of SMEFT are obtained as -0.9 < C<sub>1W</sub> < 1.4 and -0.8 < C<sub>2W</sub> < 0.2.

2 SIRUNYAN 20R based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of data. Differential cross sections for t-channel single top production are measured using ℓ + 2,3-jet mode and found to be in good agreement with SM predictions. The value is the top spin asymmetry, given by 1/2 of the spin analyzing power α<sub>ℓ</sub> (=1 at LO of SM) times the top polarization P, where the spin axis is defined as the direction of the spectator quark in the top rest frame at the parton level. It is in good agreement with the NLO SM prediction of 0.436.

gg → t̄t Fraction in p̄p Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;0.33</td><td>68</td><td>1 AALTONEN</td><td>09F CDF</td><td>t̄t correlations</td></tr><tr><td>0.07±0.14±0.07</td><td></td><td>2 AALTONEN</td><td>08AG CDF</td><td>low p<sub>T</sub> number of tracks</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 Based on 955 pb⁻¹. AALTONEN 09f used differences in the t̄t production angular distribution and polarization correlation to discriminate between gg → t̄t and q̄q → t̄t subprocesses. The combination with the result of AALTONEN 08AG gives 0.07⁺0.15⁻0.07.

2 Result is based on 0.96 fb⁻¹ of data. The contribution of the subprocesses gg → t̄t and q̄q → t̄t is distinguished by using the difference between quark and gluon initiated jets in the number of small p<sub>T</sub> (0.3 GeV < p<sub>T</sub> < 3 GeV) charged particles in the central region (|η| < 1.1).

$A_{FB}$ of t̄t in p̄p Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV

$A_{FB}$ = Forward-backward asymmetry.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (%)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>12.8 ± 2.1±1.4</td><td>1 AALTONEN</td><td>18 TEVA</td><td>CDF, D0 combination</td></tr><tr><td>17.5 ± 5.6±3.1</td><td>2 ABAZOV</td><td>15k D0</td><td>A<sup>ℓℓ</sup><sub>FB</sub> in ℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + 2j (≥ 1b)</td></tr><tr><td>7.2 ± 6.0</td><td>3 AALTONEN</td><td>14F CDF</td><td>A<sup>ℓℓ</sup><sub>FB</sub> in dilepton channel (ℓℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + 2j)</td></tr><tr><td>7.6 ± 8.2</td><td>3 AALTONEN</td><td>14F CDF</td><td>A<sup>ℓℓ</sup><sub>FB</sub> in dilepton channel (ℓℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + 2j)</td></tr><tr><td>4.2 ± 2.3<sup>+1.7</sup><sub>-2.0</sub></td><td>4 ABAZOV</td><td>14G D0</td><td>A<sup>ℓℓ</sup><sub>FB</sub> (ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 3j (0, 1 ≤ 2b))</td></tr><tr><td>10.6 ± 3.0</td><td>5 ABAZOV</td><td>14H D0</td><td>A<sub>FB</sub> (ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 3j (≥ 1b))</td></tr><tr><td>20.1 ± 6.7</td><td>6 AALTONEN</td><td>13AD CDF</td><td>a<sub>1</sub>/a<sub>0</sub> in ℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + 2j (≥ 1b)</td></tr><tr><td>- 0.2 ± 3.1</td><td>6 AALTONEN</td><td>13AD CDF</td><td>a<sub>3</sub>,a<sub>5</sub>,a<sub>7</sub> in ℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + 2j (≥ 1b)</td></tr><tr><td>16.4 ± 4.7</td><td>7 AALTONEN</td><td>13S CDF</td><td>ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 2 ≥ 4 jets (≥ 1b-tag)</td></tr><tr><td>9.4<sup>+3.2</sup><sub>-2.9</sub></td><td>8 AALTONEN</td><td>13X CDF</td><td>ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 4 jets (≥ 1 b-tag)</td></tr><tr><td>11.8 ± 3.2</td><td>9 ABAZOV</td><td>13A D0</td><td>ℓℓ &amp; ℓℓ+ jets comb.</td></tr><tr><td>-11.6 ± 15.3</td><td>10 AALTONEN</td><td>11F CDF</td><td>m<sub>t̄t</sub> < 450 GeV</td></tr><tr><td>47.5 ± 11.4</td><td>10 AALTONEN</td><td>11F CDF</td><td>m<sub>t̄t</sub> > 450 GeV</td></tr><tr><td>19.6 ± 6.5</td><td>11 ABAZOV</td><td>11AH D0</td><td>ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + 2 ≥ 4 jets (≥ 1b-tag)</td></tr><tr><td>17 ± 8</td><td>12 AALTONEN</td><td>08AB CDF</td><td>p̄p frame</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>24 ± 14</td><td>12 AALTONEN</td><td>08AB CDF</td><td>t̄t frame</td></tr><tr><td>12 ± 8 ± 1</td><td>13 ABAZOV</td><td>08L D0</td><td>ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 4 jets</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AALTONEN 18 based on 9–10 fb⁻¹ of p̄p data at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. The value is the asymmetry in the number of reconstructed t̄t events with rapidity y<sub>t</sub> > y<sub>T</sub> and those with y<sub>t</sub> < y<sub>T</sub>. The combined fits to CDF and D0 single lepton and ℓℓ asymmetries give

$$A_{FB}^{\ell} = 0.073 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.012 \text{ and } A_{FB}^{\ell\ell} = 0.108 \pm 0.043 \pm 0.016, \text{ respectively. The results are consistent with the SM predictions.}$$

2 ABAZOV 15k based on 9.7 fb⁻¹ of data. The result is consistent with the SM predictions. By combining with the previous D0 measurement in the ℓ + jet channel ABAZOV 14h, $A_{FB}^{\ell} = 0.118 \pm 0.025 \pm 0.013$ is obtained.

3 AALTONEN 14f based on 9.1 fb⁻¹ of data. $A_{FB}^{\ell}$ and $A_{FB}^{\ell\ell}$ denote, respectively, the asymmetries $(N(x>0) - N(x<0))/N_{tot}$ for x=q<sub>ℓ</sub>ℓ<sub>ℓ</sub> (q<sub>ℓ</sub> is the charge of ℓ) and x=n<sub>ℓ</sub>ℓ<sub>ℓ</sub> + η<sub>ℓ</sub>. Both results are consistent with the SM predictions. By combining with the previous CDF measurement in the ℓ+jet channel AALTONEN 13x, $A_{FB}^{\ell} = 0.098^{+0.028}_{-0.026}$ is obtained. The combined result is about two sigma larger than the SM prediction of $A_{FB}^{\ell} = 0.038 \pm 0.003$.

4 Based on 9.7 fb⁻¹ of p̄p data at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. The asymmetry is corrected for the production level for events with |y<sub>ℓ</sub>| < 1.5. Asymmetry as functions of E<sub>T</sub>(ℓ) and |y<sub>ℓ</sub>| are given in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively. Combination with the asymmetry measured in the dilepton channel [ABAZOV 13p] gives $A_{FB}^{\ell} = 4.2 \pm 2.0 \pm 1.4 \%$, in agreement with the SM prediction of 2.0%.

5 Based on 9.7 fb⁻¹ of data of p̄p data at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. The measured asymmetry is in agreement with the SM predictions of 8.8 ± 0.9% [BERNREUTHER 12], which includes the EW effects. The dependences of the asymmetry on |y(t) - y(t̄)| and m<sub>t̄t</sub> are shown in Figs. 9 and 10, respectively.

6 Based on 9.4 fb⁻¹ of data. Reported $A_{FB}$ values come from the determination of $a_1$ coefficients of dσ/d(cosθ<sub>ℓ</sub>) = $\Sigma_i a_i P_i(\cos(\theta_i))$ measurement. The result of $a_1/a_0 = (40 \pm 12)\%$ seems higher than the NLO SM prediction of $(15^{+7}_{-3})\%$.

7 Based on 9.4 fb⁻¹ of data. The quoted result is the asymmetry at the parton level.

8 Based on 9.4 fb⁻¹ of data. The observed asymmetry is to be compared with the SM prediction of $A_{FB}^{\ell} = 0.038 \pm 0.003$.

9 Based on 5.4 fb⁻¹ of data. ABAZOV 13a studied the dilepton channel of the t̄t events and measured the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry to be $A_{FB}^{\ell\ell} = 5.8 \pm 5.1 \pm 1.3\%$, which is consistent with the SM (QCD+EW) prediction of 4.7 ± 0.1%. The result is obtained after combining the measurement (15.2 ± 4.0%) in the ℓ + jets channel ABAZOV 11Ah. The top quark helicity is measured by using the neutrino weighting method to be consistent with zero in both dilepton and ℓ + jets channels.

10 Based on 5.3 fb⁻¹ of data. The error is statistical and systematic combined. Events with lepton + E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 4 jets (≥ 1b) are used. AALTONEN 11f also measures the asymmetry as a function of the rapidity difference |y<sub>t</sub> - y<sub>T̄</sub>|. The NLO QCD predictions [MCFM] are (4.0 ± 0.6)% and (8.8 ± 1.3)% for m<sub>t̄t</sub> < 450 and > 450 GeV, respectively.

11 Based on 5.4 fb⁻¹ of data. The error is statistical and systematic combined. The quoted asymmetry is obtained after unfolding to be compared with the MC@NLO prediction of (5.0 ± 0.1)%. No significant difference between the m<sub>t̄t</sub> < 450 and > 450 GeV data samples is found. A corrected asymmetry based on the lepton from a top quark decay of (15.2 ± 4.0)% is measured to be compared to the MC@NLO prediction of (2.1 ± 0.1)%.

12 Result is based on 1.9 fb⁻¹ of data. The FB asymmetry in the t̄t events has been measured in the ℓ + jets mode, where the lepton charge is used as the flavor tag. The asymmetry in the p̄p frame is defined in terms of cos(θ) of systematically decaying t-quark momentum, whereas that in the t̄t frame is defined in terms of the t and t̄t rapidity difference. The results are consistent (≤ 2 σ) with the SM predictions.

13 Result is based on 0.9 fb⁻¹ of data. The asymmetry in the number of t̄t events with y<sub>t</sub> > y<sub>T̄</sub> and those with y<sub>t</sub> < y<sub>T̄</sub> has been measured in the lepton + jets final state. The observed value is consistent with the SM prediction of 0.8% by MC@NLO, and an upper bound on the Z' → t̄t contribution for the SM Z-like couplings is given in Fig. 2 for 350 GeV < m<sub>Z'</sub> < 1 TeV.

t-Quark Electric Charge

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

0.64 ± 0.02 ± 0.08

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

2 ABAZOV 14D D0
ℓ+E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 4 jets (≥ 2 b)

3 AALTONEN 13J CDF
p̄p at 1.96 TeV

4 AALTONEN 10S CDF
Repl. by AALTONEN 13J

5 ABAZOV 07C D0
fraction of |q| = 4e/3 pair

1 AAD 13AY result is based on 2.05 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV, the result is obtained by reconstructing t̄t events in the lepton + jets final state, where b-jet charges are tagged by the jet-charge algorithm. This measurement excludes the charge -4/3 assignment to the top quark at more than 8 standard deviations.

2 ABAZOV 14D result is based on 5.3 fb⁻¹ of p̄p data at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. The electric charge of b + W system in t̄t candidate events is measured from the charges of the leptons from W decay and in b jets. Under the assumption that the b + W system consists of the sum of the top quark and the charge -4/3 quark b'(-4/3) of the same mass, the top quark fraction is found to be f = 0.88 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.11 (syst), or the upper bound for the b'(-4/3) contamination of 1 - f < 0.46 (95% CL).

3 AALTONEN 13J excludes the charge -4/3 assignment to the top quark at 99% CL, using 5.6 fb⁻¹ of data in p̄p collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. Result is obtained by reconstructing t̄t events in the lepton + jets final state, where b-jet charges are tagged by the jet-charge algorithm.

4 AALTONEN 10S excludes the charge -4/3 assignment for the top quark [CHANG 99] at 95%CL, using 2.7 fb⁻¹ of data in p̄p collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. Result is obtained by reconstructing t̄t events in the lepton + jets final state, where b-jet charges are tagged by the SLT (soft lepton tag) algorithm.

5 ABAZOV 07C reports an upper limit ρ < 0.80 (90% CL) on the fraction ρ of exotic quark pairs Q̄Q̄ with electric charge |q| = 4e/3 in t̄t candidate events with high p<sub>T</sub> lepton, missing E<sub>T</sub> and ≥ 4 jets. The result is obtained by measuring the fraction of
events in which the quark pair decays into $W^{-} + b$ and $W^{+} + b\bar{b}$, where b and $b\bar{b}$ jets are discriminated by using the charge and momenta of tracks within the jet cones. The maximum CL at which the model of CHANG 99 can be excluded is 92%. Based on 370 $pb^{-1}$ of data at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

t-Quark REFERENCES

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AAD</td><td>24</td><td>PL B848 138376</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>23</td><td>PR D108 032014</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23</td><td>PL B842 137379</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>Also</td><td>PL B847 138286 (errat.)</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AA</td><td>JHEP 2307 033</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AS</td><td>PR D108 032019</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AW</td><td>PL B843 137848</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AY</td><td>JHEP 2307 213</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23BA</td><td>JHEP 2308 077</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23BC</td><td>EPJ C83 496</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23BN</td><td>PRL 131 180917</td><td>G. Aad</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23CJ</td><td>JHEP 2312 195</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23E</td><td>JHEP 2306 191</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23F</td><td>JHEP 2306 155</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23J</td><td>JHEP 2306 138</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23N</td><td>JHEP 2306 019</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23S</td><td>JHEP 2307 141</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>HAYRAPETY</td><td>23B</td><td>PL B847 138290</td><td>A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23AN</td><td>JHEP 2307 219</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23AN</td><td>PL B844 137067</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23BB</td><td>EPJ C83 963</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23BD</td><td>PL B846 137703</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23J</td><td>JHEP 2306 081</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23R</td><td>JHEP 2307 077</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23BA</td><td>JHEP 2307 046</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23U</td><td>JHEP 2307 023</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23Z</td><td>EPJ C83 560</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>22Q</td><td>JHEP 2208 175</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>22T</td><td>EPJ C82 334</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>22U</td><td>JHEP 2208 040</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22A</td><td>PRL 129 032001</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22K</td><td>JHEP 2202 169</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22L</td><td>JHEP 2202 107</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22T</td><td>JHEP 2204 144</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22W</td><td>JHEP 2205 091</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22Z</td><td>JHEP 2206 082</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>21AS</td><td>EPJ C81 737</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>21AT</td><td>EPJ C81 720</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>21BC</td><td>JHEP 2111 118</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>21E</td><td>JHEP 2111 111</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>21F</td><td>JHEP 2111 161</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>21H</td><td>JHEP 2112 180</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>21J</td><td>PR D104 092130</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>20AB</td><td>JHEP 2007 124</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>20AH</td><td>PL B810 135797</td><td>A. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>20AY</td><td>EPJ C80 1085</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>20B</td><td>PL B800 135082</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>20Q</td><td>EPJ C80 528</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>20Y</td><td>JHEP 2008 051</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>20Z</td><td>PRL 125 061802</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AB</td><td>JHEP 2003 056</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AM</td><td>JHEP 2006 146</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AR</td><td>PRL 124 202001</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AS</td><td>PRL 125 061801</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AZ</td><td>PL B808 135609</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20BC</td><td>PRL 125 222001</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20BH</td><td>JHEP 2002 092013</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20BV</td><td>EPJ C80 658</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20C</td><td>EPJ C80 75</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20D</td><td>PL B800 135042</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20R</td><td>EPJ C80 370</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20V</td><td>JHEP 2002 191</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19AC</td><td>JHEP 479 290</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19AD</td><td>EPJ C79 382</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19AP</td><td>PRL 099 052009</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19AR</td><td>PRL 099 072009</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19R</td><td>JHEP 1905 088</td><td>A.M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>19S</td><td>JHEP 1905 123</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>19G</td><td>JHEP 1911 150</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AP</td><td>JHEP 479 313</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AR</td><td>EPJ C79 368</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BF</td><td>PRL 122 132003</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19C</td><td>JHEP 1902 072002</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BY</td><td>PR D100 072007</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19CN</td><td>JHEP 1911 082</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19P</td><td>JHEP 1902 149</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19R</td><td>JHEP 1903 026</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18A</td><td>JHEP 4780 557</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18AM</td><td>JHEP 400 033</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS and CMS Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18AT</td><td>JHEP 1807 176</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18AZ</td><td>EPJ C78 129</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18BH</td><td>EPJ C78 487</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18BK</td><td>PL B784 173</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18BW</td><td>JHEP 1809 139</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CE</td><td>JHEP 1812 039</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18H</td><td>JHEP 1801 063</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18X</td><td>PR D98 032002</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>18</td><td>PRL 120 042001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF and D0 Collabs.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>18AQ</td><td>JHEP 479 115</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BC</td><td>JHEP 1806 102</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BD</td><td>JHEP 1806 101</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BS</td><td>JHEP 1806 011</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BU</td><td>EPJ C78 140</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18DE</td><td>EPJ C78 891</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>Also</td><td>JHEP 423 (errat.)</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18DL</td><td>JHEP 1810 117</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18L</td><td>PRL 120 231801</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18Z</td><td>PL B779 358</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17AH</td><td>JHEP 1709 118</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17AY</td><td>JHEP 1710 129</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17BB</td><td>JHEP 1712 017</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17BC</td><td>EPJ C77 804</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17G</td><td>JHEP 1703 113</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17H</td><td>JHEP 1704 086</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17I</td><td>JHEP 1702 124</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17T</td><td>EPJ C77 531</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17Z</td><td>PR D95 072003</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>17</td><td>PR D95 011101</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>17B</td><td>PR D95 112004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>17B</td><td>PL B770 50</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>17G</td><td>EPJ C22 15</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>17G</td><td>JHEP 1702 028</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>17I</td><td>JHEP 1702 079</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>17N</td><td>EPJ C77 172</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AA</td><td>PL B772 752</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AB</td><td>PL B772 336</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17E</td><td>JHEP 1707 003</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17L</td><td>EPJ C77 354</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17N</td><td>EPJ C77 467</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17O</td><td>PR D96 032002</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17S</td><td>JHEP C77 578</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17W</td><td>JHEP 1709 051</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>16R</td><td>PL B761 136</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>16T</td><td>PL B761 350</td><td>M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AE</td><td>PR D94 032006</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AK</td><td>JHEP 1604 023</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AS</td><td>EPJ C76 55</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>Also</td><td>EPJ C82 70 (errat.)</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AZ</td><td>EPJ C76 87</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16B</td><td>JHEP 1701 064</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16BK</td><td>EPJ C76 642</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16D</td><td>EPJ C76 12</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16T</td><td>PL B756 52</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16U</td><td>PL B756 228</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>16</td><td>PR D93 032011</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>16P</td><td>PL B752 18</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>16A</td><td>PL B757 199</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>16D</td><td>PR D94 032004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>16F</td><td>PR D94 092004</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AD</td><td>PL B760 365</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AI</td><td>PR D93 034014</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AK</td><td>PR D93 052007</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AL</td><td>PR D93 092006</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AS</td><td>JHEP 1604 035</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16B</td><td>JHEP 1608 029</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16AZ</td><td>JHEP 1609 027</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16BC</td><td>EPJ C76 128</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16BJ</td><td>EPJ C76 439</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16BO</td><td>JHEP 1604 073</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16BU</td><td>PL B762 512</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16CB</td><td>JHEP 1512 123</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16J</td><td>PRL 116 052002</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16T</td><td>PL B757 154</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>16X</td><td>PL B758 321</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TEVEWWG</td><td>16</td><td>arXiv:1608.01881</td><td>Tevatron Electroweak Working Group (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15</td><td>PL B740 222</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15A</td><td>PL B740 118</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15AJ</td><td>JHEP 1505 061</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15AR</td><td>JHEP 1508 105</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15AW</td><td>EPJ C75 158</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15F</td><td>EPJ C75 330</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BO</td><td>PR D91 052005</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BP</td><td>PR D91 112013</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BW</td><td>JHEP 1510 121</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BY</td><td>JHEP 1510 150</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15CC</td><td>PR D92 072005</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15CD</td><td>JHEP 1512 061</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15D</td><td>JHEP 1501 020</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15J</td><td>PRL 114 142001</td><td>R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AJU</td><td>15R</td><td>PRL 115 112001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>15D</td><td>PR D92 032003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>15H</td><td>PRL 115 152003</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>15G</td><td>PR D91 112003</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>15K</td><td>PR D92 052007</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14</td><td>PL B728 363</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14AS</td><td>JHEP 1406 008</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14AY</td><td>JHEP C74 3109</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14BB</td><td>PR D90 112016</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14BI</td><td>PR D90 112006</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14J</td><td>JHEP 1402 107</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>14A</td><td>PR D89 091101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>14F</td><td>PRL 113 042401</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>14G</td><td>PRL 112 261804</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>14C</td><td>PRL 113 032002</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>Also</td><td>14D</td><td>PR D90 112003</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>14D</td><td>PR D90 051101</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>14G</td><td>PR D90 072001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>14H</td><td>PR D90 072011</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>14K</td><td>PR D90 092006</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14L</td><td>PL B728 496</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14L</td><td>PRL 113 231802</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14AE</td><td>EPJ C74 3014</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>Also</td><td>14E</td><td>PL B75 216 (errat.)</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14C</td><td>EPJ C74 2758</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14D</td><td>JHEP 1404 191</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14E</td><td>JHEP 1402 024</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14O</td><td>PL B731 173</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14R</td><td>PR D90 032006</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14S</td><td>PL 112 171802</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14E</td><td>PL B736 33</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14F</td><td>JHEP 1406 090</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14G</td><td>JHEP 459 087</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14K</td><td>PL B738 526 (errat.)</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14N</td><td>EPJ C74 3060</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14Q</td><td>PR D90 112013</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14R</td><td>JHEP 1411 154</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY</td><td>14S</td><td>PL B739 23</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>13AY</td><td>JHEP 1311 031</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>13BE</td><td>PRL 111 232002</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>13X</td><td>EPJ C73 2328</td><td>G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13AB</td><td>PR D88 091103</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13AD</td><td>PRL 111 182002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13E</td><td>PR D87 031104</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13E</td><td>PR D87 052013</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13G</td><td>PR D87 111101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13H</td><td>PR D88 011101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13J</td><td>PR D88 032003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13K</td><td>PR D87 092002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13X</td><td>PR D88 072003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>13Z</td><td>PRL 111 200201</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>13A</td><td>PR D87 011103</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>13B</td><td>PL B726 556</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>13D</td><td>PR D86 112002</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>13AY</td><td>JHEP 1305 065</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>13BB</td><td>PL B720 83</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATHRYAN</td><td>13BE</td><td>EPJ C73 2386</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collab.)</td></tr></tbody></table>
# Quark Particle Listings

t, b' (Fourth Generation) Quark

<table><tbody><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 13BH JHEP 1310 167</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 13C PRL 110 022003</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 13F PL B718 1252</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 13S EPJ C73 2494</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12B PL B707 459</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BE JHEP 1204 069</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BG JHEP 1205 059</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BG JHEP 1206 088</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BK EPJ C72 2039</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BL EPJ C72 2043</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BO PL B711 244</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BP PL B712 351</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12BT PL B709 219</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12CG PL B717 89</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12CH PL B717 330</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 12I EPJ C72 2046</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 12AI PRL 109 152003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 12AI PRL 110 192001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 12AP PR D86 092003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF, D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 12G PL B714 24</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 12Z PR D85 071106</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF, D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 12AB PR D86 051103</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 12E PL B708 21</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 12E PL B713 165</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 12T PR D85 091104</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BERNREUTH... 12 PR D86 034026</td><td>W. Bernreuther, Z.-G. Si</td><td>(AACH, SHDN)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12AC PR D85 112007</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12C JHEP 1211 067</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12BA EPJ C72 2202</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12BB PL B717 129</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12BP JHEP 1212 105</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12BQ JHEP 1212 035</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12D PR D85 072005</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 12Y JHEP 1206 109</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD 11A EPJ C71 1577</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11AC PR D84 071105</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11AK PRL 107 232002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11AR PR D84 031104</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11L PR D83 071102</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11E PR D83 111101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11F PR D83 112003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11K PRL 106 152001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11T PRL B698 371</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 11Z PR D84 031104</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11A PL B695 88</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11AA PL B705 313</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11AB PR D84 120008</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11AE PRL 107 032001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11AF PRL B702 16</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11AH PR D84 112005</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11B PRL 106 022001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11E PR D83 032009</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11E PR D84 012008</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11M PL B701 313</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11P PR D84 032004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11R PR 107 082004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11S PL B703 422</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11T PR D84 052005</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11X PR 107 121802</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 11Z PL B704 403</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 11AA EPJ C71 1721</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 11F JHEP 1107 049</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 11D PR D80 091802</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRYCHAN 11Z PR D84 092004</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY... 11A PL B695 424</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10AA PRL D82 052002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10AB PRL D82 112005</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10AC PRL 105 232003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10D PR D81 031102</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10E PR D81 052011</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10Q PRL 105 042002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10P PR D81 101801</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10U PR D81 072003</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10V PR D81 092002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 10W PRL 105 012001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 10 PL B682 363</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 10I PRL B690 2002</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 10J PL B690 5</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 10K PL B693 81</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 10Q PR D82 071102</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AHRENS 10A JHEP 1009 097</td><td>U. Ahrens et al.</td><td>(MAINZ, HEIDH)</td></tr><tr><td>AHRENS 10A NPBPS 205-206 48</td><td>V. Ahrens et al.</td><td>(MAINZ, HEIDH)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09E PR D79 112007</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09AK PR D80 051104</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09AL PR D80 052001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09AT PRL 103 092002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09F PR D79 031101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09H PR D79 052007</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09J PR D79 072001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09K PR D79 072010</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09L PR D79 092005</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09M PRL 102 042001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09N PRL 102 158101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09P PL B674 160</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 09X PR D79 072005</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AARON 09A PL B678 450</td><td>F.D. Aaron et al.</td><td>(H1 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09AA PRL 103 132001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09AG PR D80 071102</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09AH PR D80 092006</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09J PR D79 052007</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09R PL B679 177</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09Z PRL 103 092001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 09Z PR D80 054009</td><td>U. Langenfeld, S. Moch, P. Uwer</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08AB PRL 101 202001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08AD PRL 101 192002</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08AG PR D78 111101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08AH PR 101 252001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08C PRL 100 062005</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LANGENFELD 08AH PR 101 182001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08AI PRL 101 221801</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08B PRL 100 062004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08I PR D78 012005</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08L PRL 100 142002</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08M PRL 100 192003</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 08N PRL 100 192004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 08 PR D78 012003</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>CACCIARI 08 JHEP 0809 127</td><td>M. Cacciari et al.</td></tr><tr><td>KIDONAKIS 08 PR D76 074005</td><td>N. Kidonakis, R. Vogt</td></tr><tr><td>MOCH 08 PR D78 034003</td><td>(BERL, KARLE)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 07 PRL 98 142001</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 07B PR D75 111103</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 07D PR D76 072009</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN 07I PR D99 182002</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07C PR 98 048101</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07D PR D75 031102</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07F PR D75 092001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07H PRL 98 181802</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07I PR D76 052006</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07P PR D76 072007</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07R PR D76 092007</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07V PR 99 191802</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 07W PL B655 7</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 07D PR D75 031105</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 07P PR 98 072001</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 07I PR D75 052001</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 07J PR D75 071102</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06K PL B639 616</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06U PR D74 092005</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06X PR D74 112004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABULENCIA 06D PRL 96 022004</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06E PR D73 032003</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06W PR D73 092002</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06Y PR 96 152002</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06Z PR D74 032001</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06R PR D74 072005</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06C PR 96 202002</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06E PR 96 052005</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 06F PR D74 072006</td><td>A. Abulencia et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05 PL B606 25</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05G PR B617 1</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05L PR D72 011104</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05P PL B622 265</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05R PL B517 282</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>Also PR D63 031101</td><td>B. Abbott et al.</td></tr><tr><td>Also PR D75 092007</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05Q PL B626 35</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05R PL B626 55</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 05P PL B626 45</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05A PRL 95 102002</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05D PR D71 031101</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05N PR D71 012005</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05S PR D72 032002</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05V PR D72 052003</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05U PR D71 072005</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 05V PR D71 052003</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 04G NAT 429 638</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABDALLAH 04C PL B590 21</td><td>J. Abdallah et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 04H PR D69 052003</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 04I PR D93 142001</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AKTAS 04 JEP 333 9</td><td>A. Aktas et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV 03A PR D67 012004</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>CHEKANOV 03 PRL B559 153</td><td>S. Chekanov et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACHARD 02J PL B549 290</td><td>P. Achard et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA 02P PR D65 01102</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td></tr><tr><td>HEISTER 02Q PRL B543 173</td><td>A. Heister et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABIENDI 01T PL B521 181</td><td>G. Abbiendi et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AFFOLDER 01 PRL D63 032003</td><td>T. Affolder et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AFFOLDER 01A PR D64 032002</td><td>T. Affolder et al.</td></tr><tr><td>AFFOLDER 01C PRL B6 3233</td><td>T. Affolder et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 00B PRL 84 216</td><td>T. Affolder et al.</td></tr><tr><td>BARATE 00S PL B494 33</td><td>S. Barate et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABBOTT 99G PR D60 052001</td><td>A. Abbott et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 99B PRL 82 271</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>Also PRL 82 2808 (errat.)</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>CHANG 99 PRL D59 091503</td><td>D. Chang, W. Chang, E. Ma</td></tr><tr><td>ABBOTT 98D PRL 80 2063</td><td>B. Abbott et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABBOTT 98F PRL D58 052001</td><td>B. Abbott et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 98E PRL 80 2767</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 98F PRL 80 2779</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 98G PRL 80 2525</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>BHAT 98B IJMP A13 5113</td><td>P.C. Bhat, H.B. Prosper, S.S. Snyder</td></tr><tr><td>ABACHI 97E PR 79 1197</td><td>S. Abachi et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 97R PRL 79 1992</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 97V PRL 79 3585</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>PDG 96 PRL D541</td><td>R. M. Barnett et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABACHI 95P PRL 74 2632</td><td>S. Abachi et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 95F PRL 74 2626</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>ABE 94E PR D50 2966</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr><tr><td>Also PRL 73 225</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td></tr></tbody></table>

b' (4th Generation) Quark, Searches for

b'(-1/3)-quark/hadron mass limits in p̄p and pp collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1420</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>23AV ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Zb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1560</td><td>95</td><td>2 TUMASYAN</td><td>23V CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1570</td><td>95</td><td>3 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20BI CMS</td><td>B(b' → Hb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1000</td><td>95</td><td>4 AABOUD</td><td>18CE ATLS</td><td>≥ 2t + E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 1bj</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 950</td><td>95</td><td>5 AABOUD</td><td>18CL ATLS</td><td>Wt, Zb, h b modes</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1010</td><td>95</td><td>6.7 AABOUD</td><td>18CP ATLS</td><td>2,3f, singlet model</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1140</td><td>95</td><td>5.8 AABOUD</td><td>18CP ATLS</td><td>2,3f, doublet model</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1220</td><td>95</td><td>9,10 AABOUD</td><td>18CR ATLS</td><td>singlet b'. ATLAS Combination</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1370</td><td>95</td><td>9,11 AABOUD</td><td>18CR ATLS</td><td>b' in a weak isospin doublet (t', b'). ATLAS combination.</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 845</td><td>95</td><td>12 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18Q CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 730</td><td>95</td><td>13 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AU CMS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 810</td><td>95</td><td>14 AAD</td><td>15Z ATLS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 190</td><td>95</td><td>15 ABAZOV</td><td>08X D0</td><td>cτ = 200mm</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 190</td><td>95</td><td>16 ACOSTA</td><td>03 CDF</td><td>quasi-stable b'</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1460</td><td>95</td><td>17 AAD</td><td>23AG ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1390</td><td>95</td><td>3 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20BI CMS</td><td>B(b' → Zb) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1130</td><td>95</td><td>18 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AQ CMS</td><td>B(b' → Zb) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1230</td><td>95</td><td>19 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BW CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1350</td><td>95</td><td>20 AABOUD</td><td>18AW ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 910</td><td>95</td><td>21 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BM CMS</td><td>Wt, Zb, hb modes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 880</td><td>95</td><td>22 KHACHATRY...16AN CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;350, 580–635, &gt;700</td><td>95</td><td>23 AAD</td><td>15AR ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Hb) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 620</td><td>95</td><td>24 AAD</td><td>15BY ATLS</td><td>Wt, Zb, hb modes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 730</td><td>95</td><td>25 AAD</td><td>15BY ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 690</td><td>95</td><td>26 AAD</td><td>15CN ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wq) = 1 (q=u)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 755</td><td>95</td><td>27 AAD</td><td>14AZ ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 675</td><td>95</td><td>28 CHATRCHYAN13I CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 480</td><td>95</td><td>29 AAD</td><td>12AT ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 400</td><td>95</td><td>30 AAD</td><td>12AU ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Zb) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 350</td><td>95</td><td>31 AAD</td><td>12BC ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wq) = 1 (q=u,c)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 450</td><td>95</td><td>32 AAD</td><td>12BE ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 685</td><td>95</td><td>33 CHATRCHYAN12BH CMS</td><td>m't = m'b'</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 611</td><td>95</td><td>34 CHATRCHYAN12x CMS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 372</td><td>95</td><td>35 AALTONEN 11J CDF</td><td>b' → Wt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 361</td><td>95</td><td>36 CHATRCHYAN11L CMS</td><td>Repl. by CHATRCHYAN 12X</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 338</td><td>95</td><td>37 AALTONEN 10H CDF</td><td>b' → Wt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 380–430</td><td>95</td><td>38 FLACCO</td><td>10 RVUE</td><td>m'b' &gt; m't'</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 268</td><td>95</td><td>39,40 AALTONEN</td><td>07C CDF</td><td>B(b' → Zb) = 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 199</td><td>95</td><td>41 AFFOLDER</td><td>00 CDF</td><td>NC: b' → Zb</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 148</td><td>95</td><td>42 ABE</td><td>98N CDF</td><td>NC: b' → Zb + vertex</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 96</td><td>95</td><td>43 ABACHI</td><td>97D D0</td><td>NC: b' → bγ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 128</td><td>95</td><td>44 ABACHI</td><td>95F D0</td><td>ℓℓ + jets, ℓ + jets</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 75</td><td>95</td><td>45 MUKHOPAD...93</td><td>RVUE</td><td>NC: b' → bℓℓ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 85</td><td>95</td><td>46 ABE</td><td>92 CDF</td><td>CC: ℓℓ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 72</td><td>95</td><td>47 ABE</td><td>90b CDF</td><td>CC: e + μ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 54</td><td>95</td><td>48 AKESSION</td><td>90 UA2</td><td>CC: e + jets + E<sub>T</sub></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 43</td><td>95</td><td>49 ALBAJAR</td><td>90b UA1</td><td>CC: μ + jets</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 34</td><td>95</td><td>50 ALBAJAR</td><td>88 UA1</td><td>CC: e or μ + jets</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 23A<sub>V</sub> based on 139 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like b' is searched for in the mode $ℓ^±ℓ^∓ + 2ℓ (≥ 1b-tagged) + E_T$ or with $ℓℓ$. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios.

2 TUMASYAN 23<sub>V</sub> based on 138 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like b' is searched for in the single-lepton, same-sign charge dilepton and multi-lepton channels. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios.

3 SIRUNYAN 20BI based on 137 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like b' is searched for with each b' decaying into Zb or hb. Analysis focuses on final states consisting of jets from six quarks. Mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios of b' decays.

4 AABOUD 18CE based on 36.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of proton-proton data taken at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Events including a same-sign lepton pair are used. The limit is for a singlet model, assuming the branching ratios of b' into Zb, Wt and Hb as predicted by the model.

5 AABOUD 18CL, AABOUD 18CP based on 36.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like b' using all-hadronic final state. The analysis is particularly powerful for the b' → hb mode. Assuming the pure decay only in this mode sets a limit $m_{b'} > 1010$ GeV.

6 AABOUD 18CP based on 36.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair and single production of vector-like b' are searched for with at least one b' decaying into Zb. In the case of B(b' → Zb) = 1, the limit is $m_{b'} > 1220$ GeV.

7 The limit is for the singlet model, assuming that the branching ratios into Wt, Zb, hb add up to one.

8 The limit is for the doublet model, assuming that the branching ratios into Wt, Zb, hb add up to one.

9 AABOUD 18CR based on 36.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. A combination of searches for the pair-produced vector-like b' in various decay channels (b' → Wt, Zb, hb). Also a model-independent limit is obtained as $m_{b'} > 1.03$ TeV, assuming that the branching ratios into Zb, Wt, and hb add up to one.

10 The limit is for the singlet b'.

11 The limit is for b' in a weak isospin doublet (t',b') and $|V_{t'b}| \ll |V_{tb}|$. For a b' in a doublet with a charge -4/2 vector-like quark, the limit $m_{b'} > 1.14$ TeV is obtained.

12 SIRUNYAN 18Q based on 19.7 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like b' that couple only to light quarks. Upper cross section limits on the single production of a b' and constraints for other decay channels (Zq and Hq) are also given in the paper.

13 SIRUNYAN 17AU based on 2.3-2.6 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Limit on pair-produced singlet vector-like b' using one lepton and several jets. The mass bound is given for a b' transforming as a singlet under the electroweak symmetry group, assumed to decay through W, Z or Higgs boson (which decays to jets) and to a third generation quark.

14 AAD 15Z based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Used events with $ℓ + E_T + ≥ 6ℓ (≥ 1 b)$ and at least one pair of jets from weak boson decay, primarily designed to select the signature $b' b' → WWt\bar{t} → WWWWb\bar{b}$. This is a limit on pair-produced vector-like b'. The lower mass limit is 640 GeV for a vector-like singlet b'.

15 Result is based on 1.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of data. No signal is found for the search of long-lived particles which decay into final states with two electrons or photons, and upper bound on the cross section times branching fraction is obtained for $2 < \tau < 700$ mm; see Fig. 3. 95% CL excluded region of b' lifetime and mass is shown in Fig. 4.

16 ACGOSTA 03 looked for long-lived second generation quarks in the data sample of 90 pb<sup>-1</sup> of $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV $p\bar{p}T$ collisions by using the muon-like penetration and anomalously high ionization energy loss signature. The corresponding lower mass bound for the charge (2/3) quark (t') is 220 GeV. The t' bound is higher than the b' bound by charge t' is more likely to produce charged hadrons than b'. The 95% CL upper bounds for the production cross sections are given in their Fig. 3.

17 AAD 23A<sub>G</sub> based on 139 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like top or b<sup>+</sup> is searched for in the mode $1ℓ + ≥ 4j (≥ 1b-tagged) + E_T$. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios. Masses below 1.59 TeV are excluded assuming a mass-degenerate vector-like doublet (t',b') model.

18 SIRUNYAN 19AQ based on 35.9 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like b' is searched for with one b' decaying into Zb and the other b' decaying into Wt, Zb, hb. Events with an opposite-sign lepton pair consistent with coming from Z and jets are used. Mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios of b'.

19 SIRUNYAN 19BW based on 35.9 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like b' using all-hadronic final state. The analysis is made for the Zb, Wt, hb modes and mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios.

20 AABOUD 18AW based on 36.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like b' using lepton-plus-jets final state. The search is also sensitive to the decays into Zb and Hb final states.

21 SIRUNYAN 18BW based on 35.9 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like b'. Three channels (single lepton, same-charge 2 leptons, or at least 3 leptons) are considered for various branching fraction combinations. Assuming B(tW) = 1, the limit is 1240 GeV and for B(bZ) = 1 it is 960 GeV.

22 KHACHATRYAN 16AN based on 19.7 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on pair-produced vector-like b' using 1, 2, and >2 leptons as well as fully hadronic final states. Other limits depending on the branching fractions to Wt, Zb, and hb are given in Table IX.

23 AAD 15AR based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Used lepton-plus-jets final state. See Fig. 24 for mass limits in the plane of B(b' → Wt) vs. B(b' → Hb) from $b'\bar{b}' \to Hb + X$ searches.

24 AAD 15BY based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on pair-produced vector-like b' assuming the branching fractions to W, Z, and h modes of the singlet model. Used events containing $≥ 2ℓ + E_T + ≥ 2j (≥ 1 b)$ and including a same-sign lepton pair.

25 AAD 15BY based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on pair-produced chiral b'-quark. Used events containing $≥ 2ℓ + E_T + ≥ 2j (≥ 1 b)$ and including a same-sign lepton pair.

26 AAD 15CN based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on pair-production of chiral b'-quark. Used events with $ℓ + E_T + ≥ 4j$ (non-b-tagged). Limits on a heavy vector-like quark, which decays into Wq, Zq, hq, are presented in the plane B(Q → Wq) vs. B(Q → hq) in Fig. 12.

27 Based on 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for pair production or single production of b' in the events with dilepton from a high $p_T$ Z and additional jets ($≥ 1$ b-tag). If instead of B(b' → Wt) = 1 an electroweak singlet with B(b' → Wt) ~ 0.45 is assumed, the limit reduces to 685 GeV.

28 Based on 5.0 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 13I looked for events with one isolated electron or muon, large $E_T$, and at least four jets with large transverse momenta, where one jet is likely to originate from the decay of a bottom quark.

29 Based on 1.04 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. No signal is found for the search of heavy quark pair production that decay into W and a t quark in the events with a high $p_T$ isolated lepton, large $E_T$, and at least 6 jets in which one, two or more dijets are from W.

30 Based on 2.0 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. No $b' \to Zb$ invariant mass peak is found in the search of heavy quark pair production that decay into Z and a b quark in events with Z → $e^+e^-$ and at least one b-jet. The lower mass limit is 358 GeV for a vector-like singlet b' mixing solely with the third SM generation.

31 Based on 1.04 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. No signal is found for the search of heavy quark pair production that decay into W and a quark in the events with dileptons, large $E_T$, and ≥ 2 jets.

32 Based on 1.04 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. AAD 12BE looked for events with two isolated like-sign leptons and at least 2 jets, large $E_T$ and $H_T > 350$ GeV.

33 Based on 5 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 12BH searched for QCD and EW production of single and pair of degenerate 4th generation quarks that decay to bW or tW. Absence of signal in events with one lepton, same-sign dileptons or tri-leptons gives the bound. With a mass difference of 25 GeV/c<sup>2</sup> between $m_{t'}$ and $m_{b'}$, the corresponding limit shifts by about ±20 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>.

34 Based on 4.9 fb<sup>-1</sup> of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 12x looked for events with trileptons or same-sign dileptons and at least one b jet.

35 Based on 4.8 fb<sup>-1</sup> of data in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV. AALTONEN 11J looked for events with $ℓ + E_T + ≥ 5j (≥ 1 b or c)$. No signal is observed and the bound $\sigma(b'\bar{b}') < 30$ fb for $m_{b'} > 375$ GeV is found for B(b' → Wt) = 1.

36 Based on 34 pb<sup>-1</sup> of data in pp collisions at 7 TeV. CHATRCHYAN 11L looked for multi-jet events with trileptons or same-sign dileptons. No excess above the SM background excludes $m_{b'}$ between 255 and 361 GeV at 95% CL for B(b' → Wt) = 1.

37 Based on 2.7 fb<sup>-1</sup> of data in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. AALTONEN 10H looked for pair production of heavy quarks which decay into $tW^-$ or $tW^+$, in events with same sign dileptons (e or μ), several jets and large missing $E_T$. The result is obtained for b' which decays into $tW^-$ . For the charge 5/3 quark ($T_{5/3}$) which decays into $tW^+$, $m_{T_{5/3}} > 365$ GeV (95% CL) is found when it has the charge -1/3 partner B of the same mass.

38 FLACCO 10 result is obtained from AALTONEN 10H result of $m_{b'} > 338$ GeV, by relaxing the condition B(b' → Wt) = 100% when $m_{b'} > m_{t'}$.

39 Result is based on 1.06 fb<sup>-1</sup> of data. No excess from the SM Z+jet events is found when Z decays into e e or μμ. The $m_{b'}$ bound is found by comparing the resulting upper
bound on $\sigma(b'\bar{b}')$ [1-$(1-B(b' \rightarrow Zb))^2$] and the LO estimate of the b' pair production cross section shown in Fig. 38 of the article.

40 HUANG 08 reexamined the b' mass lower bound of 268 GeV obtained in AALTONEN 07c that assumes $B(b' \rightarrow Zb) = 1$, which does not hold for $m_{b'} > 255$ GeV. The lower mass bound is given in the plane of $\sin^2(\theta_{t b'})$ and $m_{b'}$.

41 AFFOLDER 00 looked for $b'$ that decays in to $b+Z$. The signal searched for is $b b Z Z$ events where one $Z$ decays into $e^+ e^-$ or $\mu^+ \mu^-$ and the other $Z$ decays hadronically. The bound assumes $B(b' \rightarrow Zb) = 100\%$. Between 100 GeV and 199 GeV, the 95%CL upper bound on $\sigma(b' \rightarrow \bar{b}^0) \times B(\bar{b}^0 \rightarrow Zb)$ is also given (see their Fig. 2).

42 ABE 98N looked for $Z \rightarrow e^+ e^-$ decays with displaced vertices. Quoted limit assumes $B(b' \rightarrow Zb) = 1$ and $c\tau_{\mu} = 1$ cm. The limit is lower than $m_Z + m_b$ (~96 GeV) if $c\tau > 22$ cm or $c\tau < 0.009$ cm. See their Fig. 4.

43 ABACHI 97D searched for $b'$ that decays mainly via FCNC. They obtained 95%CL upper bounds on $B(b'\bar{b}') \rightarrow \gamma + 3$ jets and $B(b'\bar{b}') \rightarrow 2\gamma + 2$ jets), which can be interpreted as the lower mass bound $m_{b'} > m_Z + m_b$.

44 ABACHI 95F bound on the top-quark also applies to $b'$ and $t'$ quarks that decay predominantly into $W$. See FROGGATT 97.

45 MUKOPADHYAYA 93 analyze CDF dilepton data of ABE 92G in terms of a new quark decaying via flavor-changing neutral current. The above limit assumes $B(b' \rightarrow b\bar{t}^+ \ell^-) = 1\%$. For an exotic quark decaying only via virtual $Z$ [$B(b\bar{t}^+ \ell^-) = 3\%$], the limit is 85 GeV.

46 ABE 92 dilepton analysis limit of >85 GeV at CL=95% also applies to $b'$ quarks, as discussed in ABE 90B.

47 ABE 90b exclude the region 28-72 GeV.

48 AKESSON 90 searched for events having an electron with $p_T > 12$ GeV, missing momentum > 15 GeV, and a jet with $E_T > 10$ GeV, $|\eta| < 2.2$, and excluded $m_{b'}$ between 30 and 69 GeV.

49 For the reduction of the limit due to non-charged-current decay modes, see Fig. 19 of ALBAJAR 90b.

50 ALBAJAR 88 study events at $E_{cm} = 546$ and 630 GeV with a muon or isolated electron, accompanied by one or more jets and find agreement with Monte Carlo predictions for the production of charm and bottom, without the need for a new quark. The lower mass limit is obtained by using a conservative estimate for the $b'\bar{b}'$ production cross section and by assuming that it cannot be produced in $W$ decays. The value quoted here is revised using the full $O(\alpha_S^3)$ cross section of ALTARELLI 88.

## b'(-1/3) mass limits from single production in $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;3000</td><td>95</td><td>1 TUMASYAN</td><td>220</td><td>CMS<br>gb &rarr; b'&rarr; tW, B(b'&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 693</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABAZOV</td><td>11F D0</td><td>qu &rarr; q'b'&rarr; q'(Wu)<br>&kappa;<sub>ub</sub>=1, B(b'&rarr; Wu)=1<br>qd &rarr; qb'&rarr; q(Zd)<br>&kappa;<sub>db</sub>=&radic;2, B(b'&rarr; Zd)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 430</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABAZOV</td><td>11F D0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2600</td><td>95</td><td>3 AAD<br>4 SIRUNYAN</td><td>23CQ ATLS<br>21AG CMS</td><td>b'&rarr; bh (h &rarr; b&bar;b)<br>gb &rarr; b'&rarr; tW, B(b'&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1500</td><td>95</td><td>6 AAD<br>16AH ATLS</td><td>19AI CMS<br>16AG ATLS</td><td>bZ/tW &rarr; b'&rarr; tW<br>gb &rarr; b'&rarr; tW, B(b'&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1390</td><td>95</td><td>7 KHACHATRY...16i</td><td>CMS</td><td>gb &rarr; b'&sub_L&rarr; tW, B(b'&sub_L&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1430</td><td>95</td><td>8 KHACHATRY...16i</td><td>CMS</td><td>gb &rarr; b'&sub_R&rarr; tW, B(b'&sub_R&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1530</td><td>95</td><td>9 KHACHATRY...16i</td><td>CMS</td><td>gb &rarr; b'&rarr; tW, B(b'&rarr;<br>tW)=1</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 TUMASYAN 220 based on $138 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a left-handed $b'$ assuming 100% decay to $tW$ using a t-tagged jet and a lepton from $W$. The model assumes that the $b'$ has the excited quark couplings. The bound is from a statistical combination with an earlier analysis by SIRUNYAN 21AG. The 95% CL bounds are also set as 3.0, 3.0, and 3.2 TeV, respectively, for left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like couplings.

2 ABAZOV 11F based on $5.4 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in pp collisions at 1.96 TeV. ABAZOV 11F looked for single production of $b'$ via the $W$ or $Z$ coupling to the first generation up or down quarks, respectively. Model independent cross section limits for the single production processes $p\bar{p} \rightarrow b'q \rightarrow Wuq$, and $p\bar{p} \rightarrow b'q \rightarrow Zdq$ are given in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively, and the mass limits are obtained for the model of ATRE 09 with degenerate bi-doublets of vector-like quarks.

3 AAD 23CQ based on $139 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found. Limits on mass and production cross section of a vector-like $b'$ are obtained in several theoretical scenarios determined by the couplings between $b'$ and $W$, $Z$, $h$.

4 SIRUNYAN 21AG based on $137 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a left-handed $b'$ assuming 100% decay to $tW$ using all hadronic final states, where $t$ and $W$ are tagged as single jets, respectively. The model assumes that the $b'$ has the excited quark couplings. The 95% CL bounds are also set as 2.8 and 3.1 TeV, respectively, for the right-handed and vector-like couplings.

5 SIRUNYAN 19AI based on $35.9 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Exclusion limits are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for the $b'(-1/3) + b$ and $b'(-1/3) + t$ modes as a function of the vector-like quark mass in Figs. 7 and 8 and in Tab. 2 for relative vector-like quark widths between 1 and 30% for left- and right-handed vector-like quark couplings. No significant deviation from the SM prediction is observed.

6 AAD 16AH based on $20.3 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 8 TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a vector-like $b'$ in the single-lepton and dilepton channels ($\ell$ or $\ell\bar{\ell}$) + 1,2,3 $j$ ($\ge 1b$). The model assumes that the $b'$ has the excited quark couplings.

7 Based on $19.7 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 8 TeV. Limit on left-handed $b'$ assuming 100% decay to $tW$ and using all-hadronic, lepton + jets, and dilepton final states.

8 Based on $19.7 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 8 TeV. Limit on right-handed $b'$ assuming 100% decay to $tW$ and using all-hadronic, lepton + jets, and dilepton final states.

9 Based on $19.7 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ of data in $pp$ collisions at 8 TeV. Limit on vector-like $b'$ assuming 100% decay to $tW$ and using all-hadronic, lepton + jets, and dilepton final states.

## MASS LIMITS for $b'$ (4$^{th}$ Generation) Quark or Hadron in $e^+e^-$ Collisions

Search for hadrons containing a fourth-generation $-1/3$ quark denoted $b'$.

The last column specifies the assumption for the decay mode (CC denotes the conventional charged-current decay) and the event signature which is looked for.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;46.0</td><td>95</td><td>1 DECAMP</td><td>90F ALEP</td><td>any decay</td></tr><tr><td>• • •</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •</td></tr><tr><td>none 96-103</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABDALLAH</td><td>07 DLPH</td><td>b' &rarr; bZ, cW</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>3 ADRIANI</td><td>93G L3</td><td>Quarkonium</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;44.7</td><td>95</td><td>ADRIANI</td><td>93M L3</td><td>&Gamma;(Z)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;45</td><td>95</td><td>ABREU</td><td>91F DLPH</td><td>&Gamma;(Z)</td></tr><tr><td>none 19.4-28.2</td><td>95</td><td>ABE</td><td>90D VNS</td><td>Any decay; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;45.0</td><td>95</td><td>ABREU</td><td>90D DLPH</td><td>B(CC) = 1; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;44.5</td><td>95</td><td>4 ABREU</td><td>90D DLPH</td><td>b' &rarr; cH<sup>-</sup>, H<sup>-</sup> &rarr; &tau;<sub>S</sub>, &tau;<sup>-</sup>&nu;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;40.5</td><td>95</td><td>5 ABREU</td><td>90D DLPH</td><td>&Gamma;(Z &rarr; hadrons)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;28.3</td><td>95</td><td>ADACHI</td><td>90 TOPZ</td><td>B(FCNC)=100%; isol. &gamma; or 4 jets</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;41.4</td><td>95</td><td>6 AKRAWY</td><td>90B OPAL</td><td>Any decay; acoplanarity</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;45.2</td><td>95</td><td>6 AKRAWY</td><td>90B OPAL</td><td>B(CC) = 1; acoplanarity</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;46</td><td>95</td><td>7 AKRAWY</td><td>90J OPAL</td><td>b' &rarr; &gamma; + any</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;27.5</td><td>95</td><td>8 ABE</td><td>89E VNS</td><td>B(CC) = 1; &mu;, e</td></tr><tr><td>none 11.4-27.3</td><td>95</td><td>9 ABE</td><td>89G VNS</td><td>B(b' &rarr; b&gamma;) &gt; 10%; isolated &gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;44.7</td><td>95</td><td>10 ABRAMS</td><td>89C MRK2</td><td>B(CC) = 100%; isol. track</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;42.7</td><td>95</td><td>10 ABRAMS</td><td>89C MRK2</td><td>B(bg)= 100%; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;42.0</td><td>95</td><td>10 ABRAMS</td><td>89C MRK2</td><td>Any decay; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;28.4</td><td>95</td><td>11,12 ADACHI</td><td>89C TOPZ</td><td>B(CC) = 1; &mu;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;28.8</td><td>95</td><td>13 ENO</td><td>89 AMY</td><td>B(CC) &gt; 90%; &mu;, e</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;27.2</td><td>95</td><td>13,14 ENO</td><td>89 AMY</td><td>any decay; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;29.0</td><td>95</td><td>13 ENO</td><td>89 AMY</td><td>B(b' &rarr; bg) &gt; 85%; event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;24.4</td><td>95</td><td>15 IGARASHI</td><td>88 AMY</td><td>&mu;, e</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;23.8</td><td>95</td><td>16 SAGAWA</td><td>88 AMY</td><td>event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;22.7</td><td>95</td><td>17 ADEVA</td><td>86 MRKJ</td><td>&mu;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;21</td><td></td><td>18 ALTHOFF</td><td>84C TASS</td><td>R, event shape</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;19</td><td></td><td>19 ALTHOFF</td><td>84I TASS</td><td>Aplanarity</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 DECAMP 90F looked for isolated charged particles, for isolated photons, and for four-jet final states. The modes $b' \rightarrow bg$ for $B(b' \rightarrow bg) > 65\%$ $b'$ $\rightarrow b\gamma$ for $B(b' \rightarrow b\gamma) > 5\%$ are excluded. Charged Higgs decay were not discussed.

2 ABDALLAH 07 searched for $b'$ pair production at $E_{cm}=196-209$ GeV, with $420 \text{ pb}^{-1}$. No signal leads to the 95% CL upper limits on $B(b' \rightarrow bZ)$ and $B(b' \rightarrow cW)$ for $m_{b'} = 96$ to 103 GeV.

3 ADRIANI 93G search for vector quarkonium states near $Z$ and give limit on quarkonium-Z mixing parameter $\delta m^2 < (10-30)$ GeV$^2$ (95%CL) for the mass 88-94.5 GeV. Using Richardson potential, a 15 ($b'\bar{b}'$) state is excluded for the mass range 87.7-94.7 GeV. This range depends on the potential choice.

4 ABREU 90D assumed $m_{H^-} < m_{b'} - 3$ GeV.

5 Superseded by ABREU 91F.

6 AKRAWY 90B search was restricted to data near the $Z$ peak at $E_{cm} = 91.26$ GeV at LEP. The excluded region is between 23.6 and 41.4 GeV if no $H^+$ decays exist. For charged Higgs decays the excluded regions are between $(m_{H^+} + 1.5 \text{ GeV})$ and $45.5 \text{ GeV}$.

7 AKRAWY 90J search for isolated photons in hadronic $Z$ decay and derive $B(Z \rightarrow b'\bar{b}') \cdot B(b' \rightarrow \gamma X)/B(Z \rightarrow hadrons) < 2.2 \times 10^{-3}$. Mass limit assumes $B(b' \rightarrow \gamma X) > 10\%$.

8 ABE 89E search at $E_{cm} = 56-57$ GeV at TRISTAN for multihadron events with a spherical shape (using thrust and acoplanarity) or containing isolated leptons.

9 ABE 89G search was at $E_{cm} = 55-60.8$ GeV at TRISTAN.

10 If the photonic decay mode is large ($B(b' \rightarrow b\gamma) > 25\%$), the ABRAMS 89C limit is 45.4 GeV. The limit for Higgs decay ($b' \rightarrow cH^-$, $H^- \rightarrow \tau\bar{\tau}$) is 45.2 GeV.

11 ADACHI 89C search was at $E_{cm} = 56.5-60.8$ GeV at TRISTAN using multi-hadron events accompanying muons.

12 ADACHI 89C also gives limits for any mixture of CC and bg decays.

13 ENO 89 search at $E_{cm} = 50-60.8$ at TRISTAN.

14 ENO 89 considers arbitrary mixture of the charged region, bg, and $b\gamma$ decays.

15 IGARASHI 88 searches for leptons in low-thrust events and gives $\Delta R(b') < 0.26$ (95% CL) assuming charged current decay, which translates to $m_{b'} > 24.4$ GeV.

16 SAGAWA 88 set limit $\sigma(\text{top}) < 6.1 \text{ pb}$ at CL=95% for top-flavored hadron production from event shape analyses at $E_{cm} = 52$ GeV. By using the quark parton model cross-section formula near threshold, the above limit leads to lower mass bounds of 23.8 GeV for charge $-1/3$ quarks.

17 ADEVA 86 give 95%CL upper bound on an excess of the normalized cross section, $\Delta R$, as a function of the minimum c.m. energy (see their figure 3). Production of a pair of $1/3$ charge quarks is excluded up to $E_{cm} = 45.4$ GeV.

18 ALTHOFF 84C narrow state search sets limit $\Gamma(e^+e^-)(B(\text{hadrons}) < 2.4 \text{ keV CL} = 95\%$ and heavy charge $1/3$ quark pair production $m > 21$ GeV, CL = 95%).

19 ALTHOFF 84I exclude heavy quark pair production for $7 < m < 19$ GeV (1/3 charge) using aplanarity distributions (CL = 95%).
REFERENCES FOR Searches for (Fourth Generation) b' Quark

<table><tbody><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AG EPJ C83 719</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23AV PL B843 138019</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>23CQ JHEP 2311 168</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23V JHEP 2307 020</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>22O JHEP 2204 048</td><td>A. Tumasyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>21AG JHEP 2112 106</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>20S JHEP 10D2 112004</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AI PJ C79 90</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AQ EPJ C79 364</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BW PR D100 072001</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18AV JHEP 1808 048</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CE JHEP 1812 039</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CL PJ D98 092005</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CP PR D98 112010</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CR PRL 121 211801</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BM JHEP 1808 177</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18Q PR D97 072008</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AU JHEP 1711 085</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AH JHEP 1602 110</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHRYT...</td><td>16AN PR D93 112009</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHRYT...</td><td>16I JHEP 1601 166</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15AR JHEP 1508 105</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BY JHEP 1510 150</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15CN PJ D92 112007</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15Z PR D91 121011</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14AZ JHEP 1411 104</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>13I JHEP 1301 154</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12AT PRL 109 032001</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12CA PJ D98 071801</td><td>A.A. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12BC PR D86 012007</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12BE JHEP 1204 069</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>12BH PRL D88 12003</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>12X JHEP 1205 123</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>11F PJ C1481803</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>11F PJ D106 081801</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>11L PL B701 204</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>10H PJ D104 098101</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>FLACCO</td><td>10 PJ D105 118101</td><td>C.J. Flacco et al.</td><td>(UCI, HAIF)</td></tr><tr><td>ATRE</td><td>09 PJ D79 054018</td><td>A. Atre et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>08X PJ D101 111802</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>HUANG</td><td>08 PJ D77 037302</td><td>P.Q. Hung, M. Sher</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>07C PJ D76 072006</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABDALLAH</td><td>07 EPJ C50 507</td><td>J. Abdallah et al.</td><td>(DELPHI Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ACOSTA</td><td>03 PJ D90 131801</td><td>D. Acosta et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AFFOLDER</td><td>00 PJ D84 835</td><td>A. Affolder et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>98N PJ D58 051102</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABACHI</td><td>97N PJ D78 381</td><td>S. Abachi et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>FROGGATT</td><td>97 ZPHY C73 333</td><td>C.D. Froggatt, D.J. Smith, H.B. Nielsen</td><td>(GLAS+)</td></tr><tr><td>ABACHI</td><td>95F PJ D52 4877</td><td>S. Abachi et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADRIANI</td><td>93G PL B313 326</td><td>O. Adriani et al.</td><td>(L3 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADRIANI</td><td>93M PRPL 236 1</td><td>O. Adriani et al.</td><td>(L3 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>MUKHOPAD...</td><td>93 PJ D48 2105</td><td>B. Mukhopadhyaya, D.P. Roy</td><td>(TATA)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>92 PJ D8 447</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>Also</td><td>92 PJ D45 3921</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>92G PJ D45 3921</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABREU</td><td>91F PJ D367 511</td><td>P. Abreu et al.</td><td>(DELPHI Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>90F PJ D41 147</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>90D PL B234 382</td><td>K. Abe et al.</td><td>(VENUS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABREU</td><td>90D PL B242 536</td><td>P. Abreu et al.</td><td>(DELPHI Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADACHI</td><td>90 PJ B234 197</td><td>I. Adachi et al.</td><td>(TOPAZ Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AKESSON</td><td>90 PJ C46 1779</td><td>T. Akssson et al.</td><td>(UAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AKRAWY</td><td>90B PJ B236 364</td><td>M.Z. Akrawy et al.</td><td>(OPAL Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AKRAWY</td><td>90B PJ B246 285</td><td>M.Z. Akrawy et al.</td><td>(OPAL Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ALBAJAR</td><td>90J ZPHY C48 1</td><td>C. Albaraj et al.</td><td>(UA1 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>DECAMP</td><td>90F PJ B236 511</td><td>D. Decamp et al.</td><td>(ALEPH Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>89E PJ D39 3524</td><td>K. Abo et al.</td><td>(VENUS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>89G PJ D31 1776</td><td>K. Abo et al.</td><td>(VENUS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABRAMS</td><td>89C PJ D31 2447</td><td>G.S. Abrams et al.</td><td>(Mark II Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADACHI</td><td>89C PJ B229 427</td><td>I. Adachi et al.</td><td>(TOPAZ Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ENO</td><td>89 PJ D31 1910</td><td>S. Eno et al.</td><td>(AMY Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ALBAJAR</td><td>89 ZPHY C37 505</td><td>C. Albaraj et al.</td><td>(UA1 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>STARELLI</td><td>88 NP B306 724</td><td>G. Altarelli et al.</td><td>(CERN, ROMA, ETTH)</td></tr><tr><td>IGARASHI</td><td>88 PJ D60 2359</td><td>S. Igarashi et al.</td><td>(AMY Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SAGAWA</td><td>88 PJ D60 93</td><td>H. Sagawa et al.</td><td>(AMY Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADEVA</td><td>86 PJ D34 681</td><td>B. Adeva et al.</td><td>(Mark-J Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ALTHOFF</td><td>84C PJ D138 441</td><td>M. Althoff et al.</td><td>(TASSO Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ALTHOFF</td><td>84I ZPHY C22 307</td><td>M. Althoff et al.</td><td>(TASSO Collab.)</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1470</td><td>95</td><td>20 AAD</td><td>23AG ATLS B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1280</td><td>95</td><td>21 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AQ CMS B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1370</td><td>95</td><td>22 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BWCMS B(t' → ht) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1010</td><td>95</td><td>23 AABOUD</td><td>18CL ATLS B(t' → ht) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1160</td><td>95</td><td>24 AABOUD</td><td>17L ATLS B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 770</td><td>95</td><td>25 AAD</td><td>15AR ATLS B(t' → Wb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 590</td><td>95</td><td>26 AAD</td><td>15BY ATLS Wb, Zt, ht modes</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 745</td><td>95</td><td>27 KHACHRYT...15A1 CMS B(t' → ht) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 700</td><td>95</td><td>28 CHATRCHYAN 14A CMS B(t' → Wb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 706</td><td>95</td><td>28 CHATRCHYAN 14A CMS B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 782</td><td>95</td><td>28 CHATRCHYAN 14A CMS B(t' → ht) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 656</td><td>95</td><td>29 AAD</td><td>13f ATLS B(t' → Wb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 625</td><td>95</td><td>30 CHATRCHYAN 13I CMS B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 404</td><td>95</td><td>31 AAD</td><td>12AR ATLS B(t' → Wb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 570</td><td>95</td><td>32 CHATRCHYAN 12BC CMS t' → W<sup>+</sup> bW<sup>-</sup> b</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 400</td><td>95</td><td>33 AALTONEN 11AH CDF t' → Xt (m<sub>X</sub> &lt; 70 GeV)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 358</td><td>95</td><td>34 AALTONEN 11AL CDF t' → Wb</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 340</td><td>95</td><td>34 AALTONEN 11AL CDF t' → Wq (q = d,s,b)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 360</td><td>95</td><td>35 AALTONEN 110 CDF t' → Xt (m<sub>X</sub> &lt; 100 GeV)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 285</td><td>95</td><td>36 ABAZOV 11Q D0 t' → Wq (q = d,s,b)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 256</td><td>95</td><td>37,38 AALTONEN 08h CDF t' → Wq</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 23AG based on 139 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. Pair production of vector-like t' is searched for in the mode ℓ±ℓ⁺ + ≥ 2 (≥ 1b-tagged) + E<sub>T</sub> or with 3ℓ. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios.

2 TUMASYAN 23AX based on 138 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. A vector-like t' is searched for in the t + H (H → γγ) decay channel. EW production via a coupling to third-generation quarks of κ<sub>T</sub> = 0.25 is assumed. The branching fractions are assumed to be 50, 25, and 25%, respectively, for bW, tZ, and tH decays.

3 TUMASYAN 23v based on 138 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. Pair production of vector-like t' is searched for in the single-lepton, same-sign charge dilepton and multi-lepton channels. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios. Masses below 1.48 TeV are excluded for all decays to third generation quarks.

4 AABOUD 18CE based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton data taken at √s = 13 TeV. Events including a same-sign lepton pair are used. The limit is for a singlet model, assuming the branching ratios of t' into Zt, Wb and Ht as predicted by the model.

5 AABOUD 18CP based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. Pair and single production of vector-like t' are searched for with at least one t' decaying into Zt. In the case of B(t' → Zt) = 1, the limit is m<sub>t'</sub> > 1340 GeV.

6 The limit is for the singlet model, assuming that the branching ratios into Zt, Wb, and Ht add up to one.

7 The limit is for the doublet model, assuming that the branching ratios into Zt, Wb, and Ht add up to one.

8 AABOUD 18CR based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. A combination of searches for the pair-produced vector-like t' in various decay channels (t' → Wb, Zt, ht). Also a model-independent limit is obtained as m<sub>t'</sub> > 1.31 TeV, assuming that the branching ratios into Zt, Wb and ht add up to one.

9 The limit is for the singlet t'.

10 The limit is for t' in a weak isospin doublet (t', b') and |V't'b'| ≪ |V'tb|.

11 SIRUNYAN 18BM based on 35.9 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like t'. Three channels (single lepton, same-charge two leptons, or at least 3 leptons) are considered for various branching fraction combinations. Assuming B(tH) = 1, the limit is 1270 GeV and for B(Z) = 1 it is 1300 GeV.

12 SIRUNYAN 18Q based on 19.7 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 8 TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like t' that couple only to light quarks. Constraints for other decay channels (Zq and Hq) are also given in the paper.

13 SIRUNYAN 18W based on 35.8 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. The limit is for the vector-like t' pair-produced by strong interaction using lepton-plus-jets mode and assuming that B(t' → Wb) is 100product of the production cross section and branching fraction to Wb for any new pair-produced heavy quark decaying to this channel as a narrow resonance.

14 SIRUNYAN 17AU based on 2.3-2.6 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 13 TeV. Limit on pair-produced singlet vector-like t' using one lepton and several jets. The mass bound is given for a t' transforming as a singlet under the electroweak symmetry group, assumed to decay through W, Z or Higgs boson (which decays to jets) and to a third generation quark. For a doublet, the limit is >830 GeV. Other limits are also given in the paper.

15 Based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 8 TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for pair production or single production of t' in the events with dilepton from a high p<sub>T</sub> Z and additional jets (≥ 1 b-tag). If instead of B(b' → Wt) = 1 an electroweak singlet with B(b' → Wt) ~ 0.45 is assumed, the limit reduces to 685 GeV.

16 Based on 1.04 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 7 TeV. No signal is found for the search of heavy quark pair production that decays into W and a quark in the events with dileptons, large E<sub>T</sub>, and ≥ 2 jets.

17 Based on 1.04 fb⁻¹ of data in pp collisions at 7 TeV. AAD 12c looked for t't' production followed by t' decaying into a top quark and X, an invisible particle, in a final state with an isolated high-P<sub>T</sub> lepton, four or more jets, and a large missing transverse energy. No excess over the SM t't' production gives the upper limit on t't' production cross section as a function of m<sub>t'</sub> and m<sub>X</sub>. The result is obtained for B(t' → Wt) = 1.

18 Based on 5 fb⁻¹ of pp data at √s = 7 TeV. CHATRCHYAN 12BH searched for QCD and EW production of single and pair of degenerate 4th generation quarks that decay to Wb or Wt. Absence of signal in events with one lepton, same-sign dileptons or tri-leptons gives the bound. With a mass difference of 25 GeV/c² between m<sub>t'</sub> and m<sub>b'</sub>, the corresponding limit shifts by about ±20 GeV/c².

t' (4th Generation) Quark, Searches for

t'(2/3)-quark/hadron mass limits in pT and pp collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1600</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>23AV ATLS</td><td>B(t' → Zt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 960</td><td>95</td><td>2 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AX CMS</td><td>EW production, t' → Ht (H → γγ)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1500</td><td>95</td><td>3 TUMASYAN</td><td>23V CMS</td><td>B(t' → ht) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 980</td><td>95</td><td>4 AABOUD</td><td>18CE ATLS</td><td>≥ 2ℓ + E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 1b</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1030</td><td>95</td><td>5,6 AABOUD</td><td>18CP ATLS</td><td>2,3ℓ, singlet model</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1210</td><td>95</td><td>5,7 AABOUD</td><td>18CP ATLS</td><td>2,3ℓ, doublet model</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1310</td><td>95</td><td>8,9 AABOUD</td><td>18CR ATLS</td><td>singlet t'. ATLAS combination</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1370</td><td>95</td><td>8,10 AABOUD</td><td>18CR ATLS</td><td>t' in a weak isospin doublet (t', b'). ATLAS combination.</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1140</td><td>95</td><td>11 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BM CMS</td><td>Wb, Zt, ht modes</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 845</td><td>95</td><td>12 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18Q CMS</td><td>B(t' → Wq) = 1 (q = d,s)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1295</td><td>95</td><td>13 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18W CMS</td><td>B(t' → Wb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 860</td><td>95</td><td>14 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AU CMS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 735</td><td>95</td><td>15 AAD</td><td>14AZ ATLS</td><td>B(b' → Wt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 350</td><td>95</td><td>16 AAD</td><td>12BC ATLS</td><td>B(t' → Wq) = 1 (q = d,s,b)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 420</td><td>95</td><td>17 AAD</td><td>12C ATLS</td><td>t' → Xt (m<sub>X</sub> &lt; 140 GeV)</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 685</td><td>95</td><td>18 CHATRCHYAN 12BH CMS</td><td>m<sub>b'</sub> = m<sub>t'</sub></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 557</td><td>95</td><td>19 CHATRCHYAN 12P CMS</td><td>t't' → W<sup>+</sup> bW<sup>-</sup> b → bℓ<sup>+</sup> νbℓ<sup>-</sup> ν</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
19 Based on 5.0 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 12p looked for $t't'$ production events with two isolated high $p_T$ leptons, large $E_T$, and high $p_T$ jets with b-tag. The absence of signal above the SM background gives the limit for $B(t' \to W b) = 1$.

20 AAD 23AG based on 139 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like top or b's is searched for in the mode $t' + \ge 4J(\ge 1b-tagged) + E_T$. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios. Masses below 1.59 TeV are excluded assuming a mass-degenerate vector-like doublet ($t', b'$) model.

21 SIRUNYAN 19AQ based on 35.9 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like $t'$ is searched for with one $t'$ decaying into $Zt$ and the other $t'$ decaying into $Wb, Zt, ht$. Events with an opposite-sign lepton pair consistent with coming from $Z$ and jets are used. Mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios of $t'$.

22 SIRUNYAN 19BW based on 35.9 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like $t'$ using all-hadronic final state. The analysis is made for the $Wb, Zt, ht$ modes and mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios.

23 AABOUD 18CL based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like $t'$ using all-hadronic final state. The analysis is also made for the $Wb, Zt, ht$ modes and mass limits are obtained for a variety of branching ratios.

24 AABOUD 17l based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. No signal is found in the search for heavy quark pair production that decays into $Zt$ followed by $Z \to \nu\nu$ in the events with one lepton, large $E_T$, and $\ge 4$ jets. The lower mass limit 0.87 (1.05) TeV is obtained for the singlet (doublet) model with other possible decay modes.

25 AAD 15AR based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Used lepton-plus-jets final state. See Fig. 20 for mass limits in the plane of $B(t' \to Ht)$ vs. $B(t' \to Wb)$ from a combination of $t't' \to Wb + X$ and $t't' \to Ht + X$ searches. Any branching ratio scenario is excluded for mass below 715 GeV.

26 AAD 15BY based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on pair-produced vector-like $t'$ assuming the branching fractions to $W, Z$, and $h$ modes of the singlet model. Used events containing $\ge 2\ell + E_T + \ge 2j$ ($\ge 1b$) and including a same-sign lepton pair.

27 KHACHATRYAN 15AI based on 19.7 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The search exploits all-hadronic final states by tagging boosted Higgs boson using jet substructure and b-tagging.

28 Based on 19.5 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The $t'$ quark is pair produced and is assumed to decay into three different final states of $bW, Zt$, and $th$. The search is carried out using events with at least one isolated lepton.

29 Based on 4.7 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. No signal is found for the search of heavy quark pair production that decays into $W$ and a b quark in the events with a high $p_T$ isolated lepton, large $E_T$ and at least 3 jets ($\ge 1$ b-tag). Vector-like quark of charge $2/3$ with 400 $< m_t' < 550$ GeV and $B(t' \to Wb) > 0.63$ is excluded at 95% CL.

30 Based on 5.0 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 13i looked for events with one isolated electron or muon, large $E_T$, and at least four jets with large transverse momenta, where one jet is likely to originate from the decay of a bottom quark.

31 Based on 1.04 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. No signal is found in the search for pair produced heavy quarks that decay into $W$ boson and a b quark in the events with a high $p_T$ isolated lepton, large $E_T$ and at least 3 jets ($\ge 1$ b-tag).

32 Based on 5.0 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. CHATRCHYAN 12BC looked for $t't'$ production events with a single isolated high $p_T$ lepton, large $E_T$ and at least 4 high $p_T$ jets with a b-tag. The absence of signal above the SM background gives the limit for $B(t' \to Wb) = 1$.

33 Based on 5.7 fb⁻¹ of data in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV. AALTONEN 11AH looked for $t't'$ production followed by $t'$ decaying into a top quark and $X$, an invisible particle, in the all hadronic decay mode of $t'$. No excess over the SM $t\bar{t}$ production gives the upper limit on $t't'$ production cross section as a function of $m_{t'}$ and $m_X$. The result is obtained for $B(t' \to Xt) = 1$.

34 Based on 5.6 fb⁻¹ of data in pbar collisions at 1.96 TeV. AALTONEN 11AL looked for $\ell + \ge 4j$ events and set upper limits on $\sigma(t't')$ as functions of $m_{t'}$.

35 Based on 4.8 fb⁻¹ of data in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV. AALTONEN 110 looked for $t't'$ production signal when $t'$ decays into a top quark and $X$, an invisible particle, in $\ell + E_T$ + jets channel. No excess over the SM $t\bar{t}$ production gives the upper limit on $t't'$ production cross section as a function of $m_{t'}$ and $m_X$. The result is obtained for $B(t' \to Xt) = 1$.

36 Based on 5.3 fb⁻¹ of data in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV. ABAZOV 11Q looked for $\ell + E_T + \ge 4j$ events and set upper limits on $\sigma(t't')$ as functions of $m_{t'}$.

37 Searches for pair production of a new heavy top-like quark $t'$ decaying to a $W$ boson and another quark by fitting the observed spectrum of total transverse energy and reconstructed $t'$ mass in the lepton + jets events.

38 HUANG 08 reexamined the $t'$ mass lower bound of 256 GeV obtained in AALTONEN 08H that assumes $B(b' \to qZ) = 1$ for $q = u, c$ which does not hold when $m_{b'} < m_{t'} - m_W$ or the mixing $\sin^2(\theta_{bt'})$ is so tiny that the decay occurs outside of the vertex detector. Fig. 1 gives that lower bound on $m_{t'}$ in the plane of $\sin^2(\theta_{bt'})$ and $m_{b'}$.

t'(5/3)-quark/hadron mass limits in $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1460</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>23AG ATLS</td><td>t'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1330</td><td>95</td><td>2 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19T CMS</td><td>t'<sub>P</sub>'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1300</td><td>95</td><td>2 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19T CMS</td><td>t'<sub>L</sub>'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1190</td><td>95</td><td>3 AABOUD</td><td>18CE ATLS</td><td>≥ 2q + E<sub>T</sub> + ≥ 1bj</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1020</td><td>95</td><td>4 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17J CMS</td><td>t'<sub>R</sub>'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 990</td><td>95</td><td>4 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17J CMS</td><td>t'<sub>L</sub>'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 750</td><td>95</td><td>5 AAD</td><td>15BY ATLS</td><td>t'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 840</td><td>95</td><td>6 AAD</td><td>15Z ATLS</td><td>t'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 800</td><td>95</td><td>7 CHATRCHYAN 14T</td><td>CMS</td><td>t'(5/3) → tW<sup>+</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

$$>1350 \quad 95 \quad 8 \quad \text{AABOUD} \quad 18AWATLS \quad t'(5/3) \to tW^+$$

1 AAD 23AG based on 139 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Pair production of vector-like top or b' is searched for in the mode $1\ell + \ge 4J(\ge 1b-tagged) + E_T$. The data are consistent with the SM background predictions and limits are obtained for different branching ratios.

2 SIRUNYAN 19T based on 35.9 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Signals are searched in the final states of $t'$ pair production, with same-sign leptons (which come from a $t'$ decay) or a single lepton (which comes from a $W$ out of 4Ws), along with jets, and no excess over the SM expectation is found.

3 AABOUD 18CE based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton data taken at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Events including a same-sign lepton pair are used. The limit is for the pair-produced vector-like $t'$. With single $t'$ production included, assuming $t'tW$ coupling of one, the limit is $m_{t'} > 1.6$ TeV.

4 SIRUNYAN 17J based on 2.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Signals are searched in the final states of $t'$ pair production, with same-sign leptons (which come from a $t'$ decay) or a single lepton (which comes from a $W$ out of 4Ws), along with jets, and no excess over the SM expectation is found.

5 AAD 15BY based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Limit on $t'(5/3)$ in pair and single production assuming its coupling to $Wt$ is equal to one. Used events containing $\ge 2\ell + E_T + \ge 2j$ ($\ge 1b$) and including a same-sign lepton pair.

6 AAD 15Z based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Used events with $\ell + E_T + \ge 6j$ ($\ge 1b$) and at least one pair of jets from weak boson decay, sensitive to the final state $b\bar{D}W^+W^-W^+W^-$.

7 CHATRCHYAN 14T based on 19.5 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Non-observation of anomaly in $H_T$ distribution in the same-sign dilepton events leads to the limit when pair produced $t'(5/3)$ quark decays exclusively into $t$ and $W^+$, resulting in the final state with $b\bar{D}W^+W^-W^+W^-$.

8 AABOUD 18AW based on 36.1 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Limit on $t'(5/3)$ in pair production assuming its coupling to $Wt$ is equal to one. Lepton-plus-jets final state is used, characterized by $\ell + E_T$ + jets ($\ge 1$ b-tagged).

t'(2/3) mass limits from single production in $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;950</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>16AV ATLS</td><td>qg → q't'b, B(t' → Wb)=0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;403</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABAZOV</td><td>11F D0</td><td>qd → q't' → q'(Wd)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>$\bar{\kappa}d't' = 1$, B(t' → Wd)=1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;551</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABAZOV</td><td>11F D0</td><td>qu → q't' → q(Zu)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>$\bar{\kappa}u't' = \sqrt{2}$, B(t' → Zu)=1</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

3 AAD 22G ATLS $t' \to Ht, \text{singlet } t'$

4 TUMASYAN 22X CMS $t' \to Zt$

1 AAD 16AV based on 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a fully reconstructed vector-like $t'$ in the mode $\ell + E_T + \ge 2j$ ($\ge 1b$). A veto on massive large-radius jets is used to reject the $t\bar{t}$ background.

2 ABAZOV 11F based on 5.4 fb⁻¹ of data in pbar collisions at 1.96 TeV. It looked for single production of $t'$ via the $Z$ or $E$ coupling to the first generation up or down quarks, respectively. Model independent cross section limits for the single production processes $p\bar{p} \to t'q \to (Wd)q$, and $p\bar{p} \to t'q \to (Zd)q$ are given in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively, and the mass limits are obtained for the model of ATRE 09 with degenerate b-doublets of vector-like quarks.

3 AAD 22G based on 139 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a vector-like $t'$ in the $Ht$ decay channel, where $H$ and $t$ are reconstructed as single jets. The mass range between 1.0 and 2.3 TeV is targeted and 95% CL limits on the production section times the decay branching fraction are set depending on the coupling and mass of $t'$.

4 TUMASYAN 22X based on 137 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. No significant excess over SM expectation is found in the search for a vector-like $t'$ in the $Zt$ decay channel, where $Z$ decays to neutrinos and $t$ decays hadronically. The 95% CL limits on the production section times the decay branching fraction are set depending on the coupling and mass of $t'$.

t'(5/3) mass limits from single production in $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

1 SIRUNYAN 19AI CMS $tW \to t'(5/3) \to tW$

1 SIRUNYAN 19AI based on 35.9 fb⁻¹ of pp data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Exclusion limits are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for the $b'(-1/3) + t$ and $t'(5/3) + t$ modes as a function of the vector-like quark mass in Fig. 8 and Tab. 2 for relative vector-like quark widths between 1 and 30% for left- and right-handed vector-like quark couplings. No significant deviation from the SM prediction is observed.

REFERENCES FOR Searches for (Fourth Generation) $t'$ Quark

AAD 23AG EPJ C83 719 G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)

AAD 23AX PL B843 138019 G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)

TUMASYAN 23V JHEP 2309 057 A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)

TUMASYAN 23V JHEP 2307 020 A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)

AAD 22G PR D105 092012 G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collab.)

TUMASYAN 22X JHEP 2205 093 A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collab.)

SIRUNYAN 19AI EPJ C79 90 A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)

SIRUNYAN 19AQ EPJ C79 364 A.M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collab.)
<table><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CE JHEP 1812 039</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CL PR D98 092005</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CP PR D98 112010</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>18CR PRL 121 211801</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BM JHEP 1808 177</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18Q PR D97 072008</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>18W PL B779 82</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AABOUD</td><td>17L JHEP 1708 052</td><td>M. Aaboud et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AU JHEP 1711 085</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>SIRUNYAN</td><td>17J JHEP 1708 073</td><td>A.M. Sirunyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>16AV EPJ C76 442</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15AR JHEP 1508 105</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15BY JHEP 1510 150</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>15Z PR D91 121011</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>KHACHATRY...</td><td>15AI JHEP 1506 080</td><td>V. Khachatryan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>14AZ JHEP 1411 104</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14A PL B729 149</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>14T PRL 112 171801</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>13F PL B718 1284</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>13I JHEP 1301 154</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12AR PRL 108 261802</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12BC PR D86 012007</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AAD</td><td>12D PRL 108 041805</td><td>G. Aad et al.</td><td>(ATLAS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>12BC PL B718 307</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>12BH PL B718 12003</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATRCHYAN</td><td>12P PL B716 103</td><td>S. Chatrchyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>11AH PRL 107 191803</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>11AL PRL 107 261801</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>11D PRL 106 191801</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>11F PRL 106 081801</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ABAZOV</td><td>11Q PRL 107 082001</td><td>V.M. Abazov et al.</td><td>(D0 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ATRE</td><td>09 PR D79 054018</td><td>A. Atre et al.</td><td>(CDF Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AALTONEN</td><td>08H PRL 100 161803</td><td>T. Aaltonen et al.</td><td>(UVA, WILL)</td></tr><tr><td>HUANG</td><td>08 PR D77 037302</td><td>P.Q. Hung, M. Sher</td><td></td></tr></table>

Free Quark Searches

FREE QUARK SEARCHES

Quarks are fractionally charged particles, the constituents of hadrons, with charges 1/3 e or 2/3 e. The charge of every known charged system is an integer multiple of 1/3 e. Quantum Chromodynamics predicts that quarks cannot be observed as freely propagating particles, being confined inside hadrons or deconfined in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We observe the top quark decaying as still free, because its lifetime is too short to allow its hadronization. Experiments have produced no evidence for free propagating quarks.

Reviews can be found in Refs. 1–5.

References

1. M.L. Perl, E.R. Lee, and D. Lomba, Mod. Phys. Lett. A19, 2595 (2004).

2. P.F. Smith, Ann. Rev. Nucl. and Part. Sci. 39, 73 (1989).

3. L. Lyons, Phys. Reports 129, 225 (1985).

4. M. Marinelli and G. Morpurgo, Phys. Reports 85, 161 (1982).

5. L.W. Jones, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 717 (1977).

Quark Production Cross Section — Accelerator Searches

<table><thead><tr><th>X-SECT<br>(cm<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>CHG<br>(e/3)</th><th>MASS<br>(GeV)</th><th>ENERGY<br>(GeV)</th><th>BEAM</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;1.7-2.3E-39</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>100-600</td><td>7000</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;14-5.4E-39</td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td>100-600</td><td>7000</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.3E-36</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>45-84</td><td>130-172</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-35</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>250</td><td>1800</td><td>p&#773;</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-35</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>250</td><td>1800</td><td>p&#773;</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.8E-28</td><td></td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>28Si-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.2E-28</td><td></td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>28Si-Cu</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-40</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;10</td><td></td><td>p, v, p&#773;</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-36</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;9</td><td>200</td><td>&mu;</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>&plusmn;2,4</td><td>1-3</td><td>200</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-38</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&gt;5</td><td>300</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-33</td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td>&lt;20</td><td>52</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.E-39</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;6</td><td>400</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.E-35</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;20</td><td>52</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-38</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>4-9</td><td>200</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-32</td><td>&plusmn;2,4</td><td>4-24</td><td>52</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-31</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td>&lt;12</td><td>300</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-34</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;13</td><td>52</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-36</td><td>&minus;4</td><td>4</td><td>70</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-35</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>2</td><td>28</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.E-37</td><td>&minus;2</td><td>&lt;5</td><td>70</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>PLAS</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tr><td>&lt;3.E-37</td><td>-1,2</td><td>2-5</td><td>70 p</td><td>0</td><td>8</td><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>69b</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-35</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;7</td><td>30 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>DORFAN</td><td>65</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-35</td><td>-2</td><td>&lt;2.5-5</td><td>30 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>FRANZINI</td><td>65b</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-35</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;2.2</td><td>21 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>BINGHAM</td><td>64</td><td>HLBC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-32</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;4.0</td><td>28 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>BLUM</td><td>64</td><td>HBC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-35</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;2.5</td><td>31 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>HAGOPIAN</td><td>64</td><td>HBC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-34</td><td>+1</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>28 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>LEIPUNER</td><td>64</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-33</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;2.4</td><td>24 p</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MORRISON</td><td>64</td><td>HBC</td></tr></table>

¹CHATRCHYAN 13AR limits assume pair-produced long-lived spin-1/2 particles neutral under SU(3)$_C$ and SU(2)$_L$.

²ABE 92 flux limits decrease as the mass increases from 50 to 500 GeV.

³HE 91 limits are for charges of the form $N \pm 1/3$ from 23/3 to 38/3.

⁴Hadronic or leptonic quarks.

⁵Cross section $cm^2/GeV^2$.

⁶$3 \times 10^{-5}$ <lifetime $< 1 \times 10^{-3}$ s.

⁷Includes BOTT 72 results.

⁸Assumes isotropic cm production.

⁹Cross section inferred from flux.

Quark Differential Production Cross Section — Accelerator Searches

<table><thead><tr><th>X-SECT<br>(cm<sup>2</sup>sr<sup>-1</sup>GeV<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>CHG<br>(e/3)</th><th>MASS<br>(GeV)</th><th>ENERGY<br>(GeV)</th><th>BEAM</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;4.E-36</td><td>-2,4</td><td>1.5-6</td><td>70 p</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>BALDIN</td><td>76</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-33</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>5-20</td><td>52 pp</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>ALBROW</td><td>75</td><td>SPEC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-34</td><td>&lt;7</td><td>7-15</td><td>44 pp</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>JOVANOV...</td><td>75</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-35</td><td></td><td></td><td>20 &gamma;</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>GALIK</td><td>74</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.E-35</td><td>-1,2</td><td></td><td>200 p</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>NASH</td><td>74</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.E-36</td><td>-4</td><td>2.3-7.2</td><td>70 p</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>71</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-35</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td>&lt;2.7</td><td>27 p</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>ALLABY</td><td>69b</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;7.E-38</td><td>-1,2</td><td>&lt;2.5</td><td>70 p</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>69b</td><td>CNTR</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹Cross section in $cm^2/sr$/equivalent quanta.

Quark Flux — Accelerator Searches

The definition of FLUX depends on the experiment

(a) is the ratio of measured free quarks to predicted free quarks if there is no “confinement.”

(b) is the probability of fractional charge on nuclear fragments. Energy is in GeV/nucleon.

(c) is the 90%CL upper limit on fractionally-charged particles produced per interaction.

(d) is quarks per collision.

(e) is inclusive quark-production cross-section ratio to $\sigma(e^+e^- \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-)$.

(f) is quark flux per charged particle.

(g) is the flux per $\nu$-event.

(h) is quark yield per $\pi^-$ yield.

(i) is 2-body exclusive quark-production cross-section ratio to $\sigma(e^+e^- \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-)$.

<table><thead><tr><th>FLUX</th><th>CHG (e/3)</th><th>MASS (GeV)</th><th>ENERGY (GeV)</th><th>BEAM</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;1.6E-3 b</td><td>see note</td><td>200</td><td>32S-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>HUENTRUP</td><td>96</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.2E-4 b</td><td>see note</td><td>10.6</td><td>32S-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>HUENTRUP</td><td>96</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;0.94E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>2-30</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>AKERS</td><td>95R</td><td>OPAL</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.7E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>30-40</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>AKERS</td><td>95R</td><td>OPAL</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.6E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>5-30</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>AKERS</td><td>95R</td><td>OPAL</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.9E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>30-45</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>AKERS</td><td>95R</td><td>OPAL</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-3 e</td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td>5-40</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>5-30</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.2E-3 e</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>15-40</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.6E-4 i</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>5.0-10.2</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.6E-4 i</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>16.5-26.0</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.9E-4 i</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>26.0-33.3</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.1E-4 i</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>33.3-38.6</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.1E-3 i</td><td>&plusmn;4</td><td>38.6-44.9</td><td>88-94</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93c</td><td>ALEP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.6E-4 b</td><td>see note</td><td>see note</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>CECCHINI</td><td>93</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>b</td><td>4,5,7,8</td><td>2.1A</td><td>16O</td><td>0,2,0,6</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>GHOSH</td><td>92</td><td>EMUL</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.4E-5 g</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>&nu;, p&#773;</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>BASILE</td><td>91</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.7E-5 g</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>&nu;, p&#773;</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>BASILE</td><td>91</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.9E-5 g</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>&nu;, p&#773;</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>BASILE</td><td>91</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.8E-5 g</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>&nu;, p&#773;</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>BASILE</td><td>91</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.9E-4 c</td><td></td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>28Si-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td>HE</td><td>91</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.9E-4 c</td><td></td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>28Si-Cu</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td>HE</td><td>91</td><td>PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-9 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>16O-Ar</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.1E-10 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>16O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.1E-9 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>14.5A</td><td>Si-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.7E-6 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>60A</td><td>16O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.5E-7 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>200A</td><td>16O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.3E-6 c</td><td>&plusmn;1,2,4</td><td></td><td>200A</td><td>S-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-2 e</td><td>2</td><td>19-27</td><td>52-60</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>ADACHI</td><td>90c</td><td>TOPZ</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-2 e</td><td>4</td><td>&lt;24</td><td>52-60</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>ADACHI</td><td>90c</td><td>TOPZ</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-4 e</td><td>&plusmn;2</td><td>&lt;3.5</td><td>10</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>BOWCOCK</td><td>89b</td><td>CLEO</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-6 d</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td></td><td>60</td><td>16O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>CALLOWAY</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.5E-7 d</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td></td><td>200</td><td>16O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>CALLOWAY</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.3E-6 d</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td></td><td>200</td><td>S-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>CALLOWAY</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.2E-10 d</td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>p-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>9</td><td>MATIS</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td></tr></tbody></table>
# Quark Particle Listings

## Free Quark Searches

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;1.1E-10 d</td><td>±2</td><td>1</td><td>800</td><td>p-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>MATIS</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td><td>&lt;3.E-10</td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>CROUCH</td><td>72</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.2E-10 d</td><td>±1</td><td>1</td><td>800</td><td>p-N<sub>2</sub></td><td>0</td><td>MATIS</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td><td>&lt;3.E-8</td><td></td><td>7</td><td></td><td>8 DARDO</td><td>72</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;7.7E-11 d</td><td>±2</td><td>1</td><td>800</td><td>p-N<sub>2</sub></td><td>0</td><td>MATIS</td><td>89</td><td>MDRP</td><td>&lt;4.E-9</td><td>+1</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 EVANS</td><td>72</td><td>CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-9 h</td><td>-5</td><td>0.9-2.3</td><td>12</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>NAKAMURA</td><td>89</td><td>SPEC</td><td>&lt;2.E-9</td><td></td><td>&gt;10</td><td>2.8 *</td><td>8 TONWAR</td><td>72</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-5 g</td><td>1,2</td><td>&lt;0.5</td><td></td><td>v<sub>μ</sub>,p<sub>d</sub></td><td>0</td><td>ALLASIA</td><td>88</td><td>BECB</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+1</td><td></td><td></td><td>CHIN</td><td>71</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-4 b</td><td>See note</td><td></td><td>14.5</td><td><sup>16</sup>O-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>8 HOFFMANN</td><td>88</td><td>PLAS</td><td>&lt;3.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 CLARK</td><td>71B</td><td>CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-4 b</td><td>See note</td><td></td><td>200</td><td><sup>16</sup>O-Pb</td><td>0</td><td>9 HOFFMANN</td><td>88</td><td>PLAS</td><td>&lt;1.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 HAZEN</td><td>71</td><td>CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8E-5 b</td><td>19,20,22,23</td><td></td><td>200A</td><td></td><td></td><td>GERBIER</td><td>87</td><td>PLAS</td><td>&lt;5.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td>3.5 *</td><td></td><td>BOSIA</td><td>70</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-4 a</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;300</td><td>320</td><td>p̄p</td><td>0</td><td>LYONS</td><td>87</td><td>MLEV</td><td>&lt;2.E-9</td><td>+1</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 CHU</td><td>70</td><td>HLBC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-9 c</td><td>±1,2,4,5</td><td></td><td>14.5</td><td><sup>16</sup>O-Hg</td><td>0</td><td>SHAW</td><td>87</td><td>MDRP</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td>0.8 *</td><td></td><td>FAISSNER</td><td>70B</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-3 d</td><td>-1,2,3,4,6</td><td>&lt;5</td><td>2</td><td>Si-Si</td><td>0</td><td>10 ABACHI</td><td>86C</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;5.E-11</td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>KRIDER</td><td>70</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-4 e</td><td>±1,2,4</td><td>&lt;4</td><td>10</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>ALBRECHT</td><td>85G</td><td>ARG</td><td>&lt;8.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&lt;10</td><td></td><td>CAIRNS</td><td>69</td><td>CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-5 b</td><td>±1,2</td><td>1</td><td>540</td><td>p̄p</td><td>0</td><td>BANNER</td><td>85</td><td>UA2</td><td></td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>FUKUSHIMA</td><td>69</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-3 e</td><td>-4</td><td>1-8</td><td>29</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>AIHARA</td><td>84</td><td>TPC</td><td></td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>9,11 MCCUSKER</td><td>69</td><td>CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-2 e</td><td>±1,2</td><td>1-13</td><td>29</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>AIHARA</td><td>84B</td><td>TPC</td><td>&lt;1.E-10</td><td></td><td>&gt;5</td><td>1.7,3.6</td><td>8 BJORNBOE</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-4 b</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td>72</td><td><sup>40</sup>Ar</td><td>0</td><td>11 BARWICK</td><td>84</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;1.E-8</td><td>±1,2,4</td><td></td><td>6.3,2 *</td><td>6 BRIATORE</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-4 e</td><td>±2</td><td>&lt;0.4</td><td>1.4</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>BONDAR</td><td>84</td><td>OLYA</td><td>&lt;3.E-8</td><td></td><td>&gt;2</td><td></td><td>FRANZINI</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-1 e</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;13</td><td>29</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>GURYN</td><td>84</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;9.E-11</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>GARMIRE</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-3 b</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>540</td><td>p̄p</td><td>0</td><td>BANNER</td><td>83</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;4.E-10</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td></td><td>HANAYAMA</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-4 b</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>106</td><td><sup>56</sup>Fe</td><td>0</td><td>LINDGREN</td><td>83</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;3.E-8</td><td></td><td>&gt;15</td><td></td><td>KASHA</td><td>68</td><td>OSPK</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-3 b</td><td>&gt; |±0.1|</td><td></td><td>74</td><td><sup>40</sup>Ar</td><td>0</td><td>11 PRICE</td><td>83</td><td>PLAS</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>KASHA</td><td>68B</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-2 e</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;14</td><td>29</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>MARINI</td><td>82B</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+4</td><td></td><td>6</td><td>KASHA</td><td>68B</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.E-2 e</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;12</td><td>29</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>ROSS</td><td>82</td><td>SPEC</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>BARTON</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-4 e</td><td>±2</td><td>1.8-2</td><td>7</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>WEISS</td><td>81</td><td>MRK2</td><td>&lt;2.E-7</td><td>+4</td><td>0.008,0.5 *</td><td></td><td>BUHLER</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-2 e</td><td>±1,2,4,5</td><td>2-12</td><td>27</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>BARTEL</td><td>80</td><td>JADE</td><td>&lt;5.E-10</td><td>1,2</td><td>0.008,0.5 *</td><td></td><td>BUHLER</td><td>67B</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-5 g</td><td>1,2</td><td></td><td>ν</td><td></td><td></td><td>5,6 BASILE</td><td>80</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;4.E-10</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>GOMEZ</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-10 f</td><td>±2,4</td><td>1-3</td><td>200</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>12 BOZZOLI</td><td>79</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-9</td><td>+2</td><td></td><td></td><td>KASHA</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-11 f</td><td>±1</td><td>&lt;21</td><td>52</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>BASILE</td><td>78</td><td>SPEC</td><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>+2</td><td>220</td><td></td><td>BARTON</td><td>66</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-3 g</td><td></td><td></td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub></td><td></td><td></td><td>BASILE</td><td>78B</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-9</td><td>+1,2</td><td>0.5 *</td><td></td><td>BUHLER</td><td>66</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-9 f</td><td>±1</td><td>&lt;26</td><td>62</td><td>pp</td><td>0</td><td>BASILE</td><td>77</td><td>SPEC</td><td>&lt;3.E-9</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>KASHA</td><td>66</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;7.E-10 f</td><td>±1,2</td><td>&lt;20</td><td>52</td><td>p</td><td>0</td><td>13 FABJAN</td><td>75</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-9</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>LAMB</td><td>66</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±1,2</td><td>&gt;4.5</td><td>γ</td><td></td><td></td><td>5,6 GALIK</td><td>74</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-8</td><td>+1,2</td><td>&gt;7</td><td>2.8 *</td><td>DELISE</td><td>65</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±1,2</td><td>&gt;1.5</td><td>12</td><td>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>0</td><td>5,6 BELLYAM</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;5.E-8</td><td>+2</td><td>&gt;2.5</td><td>0.5 *</td><td>MASSAM</td><td>65</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±1,2</td><td>&gt;0.9</td><td>γ</td><td></td><td></td><td>6 BATHOW</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-8</td><td>+1</td><td></td><td></td><td>BOWEN</td><td>64</td><td>CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±1,2</td><td>&gt;0.9</td><td>6</td><td>γ</td><td>0</td><td>6 FOSS</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td><td>&lt;2.E-7</td><td>+1</td><td>0.8</td><td></td><td>SUNYAR</td><td>64</td><td>CNTR</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ HUENTRUP 96 quote 95% CL limits for production of fragments with charge differing by as much as ±1/3 (in units of e) for charge 6 ≤ Z ≤ 10.

² BUSKULIC 93c limits for inclusive quark fragmentation are more conservative if the ALEPH hadronic fragmentation function is assumed.

³ CECCHINI 93 limit at 90%CL for 23/3 ≤ Z ≤ 40/3, for 16A GeV O, 14.5A Si, and 200A S incident on Cu target. Other limits are 2.3 × 10⁻⁴ for 17/3 ≤ Z ≤ 20/3 and 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ for 20/3 ≤ Z ≤ 23/3.

⁴ GOSH 92 reports measurement of spallation fragment charge based on ionization in emulsion. Out of 650 measured tracks, 2 were consistent with charge 5e/3, and 4 with 7e/3.

⁵ Hadronic quark.

⁶ Leptonic quark.

⁷ HE 91 limits are for charges of the form $N \pm 1/3$ from 23/3 to 38/3, and correspond to cross-section limits of 380µb (Pb) and 320µb (Cu).

⁸ The limits apply to projectile fragment charges of 17, 19, 20, 22, 23 in units of e/3.

⁹ The limits apply to projectile fragment charges of 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23 in units of e/3.

¹⁰ Flux limits and mass range depend on charge.

¹¹ Bound to nuclei.

¹² Quark lifetimes > 1 × 10⁻⁸ s.

¹³ One candidate m < 0.17 GeV.

¹ ALEMANNO 22 uses data from the DAMPE satellite, with calorimetry and tracking to search for fractionally charged particles with $q = \pm 2/3$ with an exposure time of $2.3 \times 10^7$ s.

² See AGNESE 15 Fig.6 for limits on vertical density as function of charge extending to $|q|/e < 1/10$.

³ AMBROSIO 00c limit is below $11 \times 10^{-15}$ for 0.25 < $q/e$ < 0.5, and is changing rapidly near $q/e=2/3$, where it is $2 \times 10^{-14}$.

⁴ Distribution in celestial sphere was described as anisotropic.

⁵ With telescope axis at zenith angle 40° to the south.

⁶ Leptonic quarks.

⁷ Lifetime > $10^{-8}$ s; charge ±0.70, 0.68, 0.42; and mass >4.4, 4.8, and 20 GeV, respectively.

⁸ Time delayed air shower search.

⁹ Prompt air shower search.

¹⁰ Also e/4 and e/6 charges.

¹¹ No events in subsequent experiments.

## Quark Flux — Cosmic Ray Searches

Shielding values followed with an asterisk indicate altitude in km. Shielding values not followed with an asterisk indicate sea level in kg/cm².

<table><thead><tr><th>FLUX (cm<sup>-2</sup>sr<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>CHG (e/3)</th><th>MASS (GeV)</th><th>SHIELDING</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;6.2E-10</td><td>±2</td><td></td><td></td><td>1 ALEMANNO</td><td>22 DAMP</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-8</td><td>±1/6-1/10</td><td></td><td>3800</td><td>2 AGNESE</td><td>15 CDMS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.2E-15</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td></td><td>3 AMBROSIO</td><td>00C MCRO</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.1E-15</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td></td><td>MORI</td><td>91 KAM2</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.3E-15</td><td>±2</td><td></td><td></td><td>MORI</td><td>91 KAM2</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>WADA</td><td>88 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±4</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>4 WADA</td><td>88 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>±4</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>5 WADA</td><td>86 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-12</td><td>±2,3/2</td><td>-70.</td><td></td><td>6 KAWAGOE</td><td>84B PLAS</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>WADA</td><td>84B CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.E-9</td><td>±4</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>WADA</td><td>84B CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-12</td><td>±1,2,3</td><td>-0.3 *</td><td></td><td>MASHIMO</td><td>83 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>MARINI</td><td>82 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-11</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>MASHIMO</td><td>82 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td>0.3</td><td></td><td>6 NAPOLITANO</td><td>82 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7 YOCK</td><td>78 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-11</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td></td><td>8 BRIATORE</td><td>76 ELEC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 HAZEN</td><td>75 CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-7</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>KRISOR</td><td>75 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-10</td><td>±1</td><td>&gt;20</td><td></td><td>9,10 CLARK</td><td>74B CC</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.E-11</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td></td><td>KIFUNE</td><td>74 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-8</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>9 ASHTON</td><td>73 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-10</td><td>±4</td><td>2.8 *</td><td></td><td>HICKS</td><td>73B CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td></td><td>BEAUCHAMP</td><td>72 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-10</td><td>±1,2</td><td>2.8 *</td><td></td><td>9 BOHM</td><td>72B CNTR</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>COX</td><td>72 ELEC</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Quark Density — Matter Searches

<table><thead><tr><th>QUARKS/ NUCLEON</th><th>CHG (e/3)</th><th>MASS (GeV)</th><th>MATERIAL/METHOD</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;1.1E-22</td><td></td><td></td><td>silicone oil drops</td><td>0</td><td>1 LEE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.71E-22</td><td></td><td></td><td>silicone oil drops</td><td>1</td><td>2 HALYO</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.7E-21</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>silicone oil drops</td><td>0</td><td>MAR</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;8.E-22</td><td>±2</td><td></td><td>Si/infrared photoionization</td><td>0</td><td>PERERA</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-27</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>sea water/levitation</td><td>0</td><td>HOMER</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.E-20</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>meteorites/mag. levitation</td><td>0</td><td>JONES</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-19</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>various/spectrometer</td><td>0</td><td>MILNER</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-22</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>W/levitation</td><td>0</td><td>SMITH</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-20</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>org liq/droplet tower</td><td>0</td><td>VANPOLEN</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-20</td><td>-1,2</td><td></td><td>org liq/droplet tower</td><td>0</td><td>VANPOLEN</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-21</td><td>±1</td><td></td><td>Hg drops-untreated</td><td>0</td><td>SAVAGE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-22</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>0</td><td>SMITH</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-26</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>⁴He/levitation</td><td>0</td><td>SMITH</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-20</td><td>±1,2</td><td>0.2-250</td><td>niobium+tungs/ion</td><td>0</td><td>MILNER</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-21</td><td>±1</td><td>&lt;100</td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>0</td><td>SMITH</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-22</td><td></td><td></td><td>niobium/mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>KUTSCHERA</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;9.E-20</td><td>±13</td><td></td><td>levitated steel</td><td>0</td><td>MARINELLI</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-21</td><td>±1/2</td><td></td><td>water/oil drop</td><td>0</td><td>JOYCE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-19</td><td>±1,2</td><td></td><td>levitated steel</td><td>0</td><td>LIEBOWITZ</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;2.E-20</td><td></td><td></td><td>photo ion spec</td><td>0</td><td>VANDESTEEG</td></tr><tr><td>1.E-20</td><td>+</td><td></td><td>mercury/oil drop</td><td>0</td><td>³ HODGES</td></tr><tr><td>1.E-20</td><td>-1</td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>4</td><td>⁴ LARUE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-21</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>4</td><td>⁴ LARUE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-16</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated steel</td><td>0</td><td>MARINELLI</td></tr><tr><td>1.E-20</td><td>+</td><td></td><td>helium/mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>BOYD</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;4.E-28</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>2</td><td>⁴ LARUE</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-15</td><td>+</td><td></td><td>earth+/ion beam</td><td>0</td><td>OGOROD...</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-16</td><td>+</td><td></td><td>tungs./mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>BOYD</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-21</td><td>±2,4</td><td></td><td>hydrogen/mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>BOYD</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;6.E-15</td><td>&gt;1/2</td><td></td><td>water/ion beam</td><td>0</td><td>LUND</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-22</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated tungsten</td><td>0</td><td>PUTT</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-15</td><td></td><td></td><td>metals/mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>SCHIFFER</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated tungsten ox</td><td>0</td><td>BLAND</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;3.E-21</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated iron</td><td>0</td><td>GALLINARO</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>2.E-21</td><td>-1</td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>1</td><td>4 LARUE</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>4.E-21</td><td>+1</td><td></td><td>levitated niobium</td><td>2</td><td>4 LARUE</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-13</td><td>+3</td><td>&lt;7.7</td><td>hydrogen/mass spec</td><td>0</td><td>MULLER</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-27</td><td></td><td></td><td>water+/ion beam</td><td>0</td><td>OGOROD...</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-21</td><td></td><td></td><td>lunar+/ion spec</td><td>0</td><td>STEVENS</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-15</td><td>+1</td><td>&lt;60</td><td>oxygen+/ion spec</td><td>0</td><td>ELBERT</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-19</td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated graphite</td><td>0</td><td>MORPURGO</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;5.E-23</td><td></td><td></td><td>water+/atom beam</td><td>0</td><td>COOK</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-17</td><td>&plusmn;1,2</td><td></td><td>levitated graphite</td><td>0</td><td>BRAGINSK</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-17</td><td></td><td></td><td>water+/uv spec</td><td>0</td><td>RANK</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;3.E-19</td><td></td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td>levitated iron</td><td>0</td><td>STOVER</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-10</td><td></td><td></td><td>sun/uv spec</td><td>0</td><td>5 BENNETT</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-17</td><td>+1,2</td><td></td><td>meteорites+/ion beam</td><td>0</td><td>CHUPKA</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-16</td><td>&plusmn;1</td><td></td><td>levitated graphite</td><td>0</td><td>GALLINARO</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;1.E-22</td><td>-2</td><td></td><td>argon/electrometer</td><td>0</td><td>HILLAS</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>levitated oil</td><td>0</td><td>MILLIKAN</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 95% CL limit for fractional charge particles with 0.18e ≤ |Qresidual| ≤ 0.82e in total of 70.1 mg of silicone oil.

2 95% CL limit for particles with fractional charge |Qresidual| >0.16e in total of 17.4 mg of silicone oil.

3 Also set limits for Q = ±e/6.

4 Note that in PHILLIPS 88 these authors report a subtle magnetic effect which could account for the apparent fractional charges.

5 Limit inferred by JONES 77b.

REFERENCES FOR Free Quark Searches

<table><tbody><tr><td>ALEMANNO</td><td>22</td><td>PR D106 063026</td><td>F. Alemanno et al.</td><td>(DAMPE Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AGNESE</td><td>15</td><td>PRL 114 111302</td><td>R. Agnese et al.</td><td>(CDMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CHATTICHYAN</td><td>13AR</td><td>PR D106 099903 (erat.)</td><td>S. Chatwichyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>Also</td><td></td><td></td><td>S. Chatwichyan et al.</td><td>(CMS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>LEE</td><td>00</td><td>PR D66 012002</td><td>I.T. Lee et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AMBROSIO</td><td>02</td><td>PR D62 052003</td><td>M. Ambrosio et al.</td><td>(MACRO Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>HALYO</td><td>00</td><td>PRL 84 2576</td><td>V. Halyo et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ABRIL</td><td>97D</td><td>PR D329 315</td><td>P. Abreu et al.</td><td>(DELPHI Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>HUENTRUP</td><td>96</td><td>PR C53 358</td><td>G. Huentrup et al.</td><td>(SIEG)</td></tr><tr><td>MAR</td><td>96</td><td>PR D53 6017</td><td>N.M. Mar et al.</td><td>(SLAC, SCHAF, LANL, UCI)</td></tr><tr><td>AKERS</td><td>95R</td><td>ZPHY C67 203</td><td>R. Akers et al.</td><td>(OPAL Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BUSKULIC</td><td>93C</td><td>PL B303 198</td><td>D. Buskullic et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CECCHINI</td><td>93</td><td>ASP 1, 369</td><td>S. Cecchini et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PERERA</td><td>93</td><td>PR L70 1053</td><td>A.G.U. Perera et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ABE</td><td>92J</td><td>PR D46 1889</td><td>F. Abe et al.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GHOOSH</td><td>92J</td><td>PR D105A 99</td><td>D. Ghosh et al.</td><td>(PITT)</td></tr><tr><td>HOMER</td><td>92</td><td>ZPHY C55 549</td><td>G.J. Homer et al.</td><td>(RAL, SHMP, LOQM)</td></tr><tr><td>BASILE</td><td>91</td><td>NC 104 405</td><td>M. Basile et al.</td><td>(BGN, INFN, CERN, PLRM+)</td></tr><tr><td>HE</td><td>91</td><td>PR C44 1572</td><td>Y.B. He, P.B. Price</td><td>(UCB)</td></tr><tr><td>MATIS</td><td>91</td><td>NP A525 513</td><td>H.S. Matis et al.</td><td>(LBL, SFSU, UCI+)</td></tr><tr><td>MORI</td><td>91</td><td>PR D34 2843</td><td>M. Mori et al.</td><td>(Kamiokande II Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>ADACHI</td><td>90C</td><td>PL B244 352</td><td>I. Adachi et al.</td><td>(TOPAZ Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BOWCOCK</td><td>89B</td><td>PL D40 263</td><td>T.J.V. Bowcock et al.</td><td>(CLEO Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>CALLOWAY</td><td>89</td><td>PL B232 549</td><td>D. Calloway et al.</td><td>(SFSU, UCI, LBL+)</td></tr><tr><td>JONES</td><td>89</td><td>ZPHY C43 349</td><td>W. Jones et al.</td><td>(LOIC, RAL)</td></tr><tr><td>MATIS</td><td>89</td><td>PR D39 1851</td><td>H.S. Matis et al.</td><td>(LBL, SFSU, UCI+)</td></tr><tr><td>NAKAMURA</td><td>89</td><td>PR D39 1261</td><td>T.T. Nakamura et al.</td><td>(KYOT, TMTC)</td></tr><tr><td>ALLASIA</td><td>88</td><td>PR D37 219</td><td>D. Allasia et al.</td><td>(WA25 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>HOFFMANN</td><td>88</td><td>PL B200 583</td><td>A. Hofmann et al.</td><td>(SIEG, USF)</td></tr><tr><td>PHILLIPS</td><td>88</td><td>NIM A264 1295</td><td>J.D. Phillips, W.M. Fairbank, J. Navarro</td><td>(STAN)</td></tr><tr><td>WADA</td><td>88</td><td>NC 11C 229</td><td>T. Wada, Y. Yamashita, I. Yamamoto</td><td>(OKAY)</td></tr><tr><td>GERBIER</td><td>87</td><td>ZPHY C36 363</td><td>G. Gerbier et al.</td><td>(UCB, CERN)</td></tr><tr><td>LYONS</td><td>87</td><td>PR L59 2535</td><td>L. Lyons et al.</td><td>(OXF, RAL, LOIC)</td></tr><tr><td>MILNER</td><td>87</td><td>PR D36 37</td><td>R.E. Milner et al.</td><td>(CIT)</td></tr><tr><td>SMITH</td><td>87</td><td>PR D36 3533</td><td>G. Shaw et al.</td><td>(UCI, LBL, LANL, SFSU)</td></tr><tr><td>SMITH</td><td>87</td><td>PR B197 447</td><td>P.F. Smith et al.</td><td>(RAL, LOIC)</td></tr><tr><td>VPANOLEN</td><td>87</td><td>PR D36 1983</td><td>J. van Polen, R.T. Hagstrom, G. Hirsch</td><td>(ANL+)</td></tr><tr><td>ABACHI</td><td>86C</td><td>PR D33 2733</td><td>S. Abachi et al.</td><td>(UCLA, LBL, UCD)</td></tr><tr><td>SAVAGE</td><td>86</td><td>PL 167B 481</td><td>M.L. Savage et al.</td><td>(SFSU)</td></tr><tr><td>SMITH</td><td>86</td><td>PL B171 129</td><td>P.F. Smith et al.</td><td>(RAL, LOIC)</td></tr><tr><td>SMITH</td><td>86B</td><td>PL C18 407</td><td>P.F. Smith et al.</td><td>(RAL, LOIC)</td></tr><tr><td>WADA</td><td>86</td><td>NC 9C 358</td><td>T. Wada</td><td>(OKAY)</td></tr><tr><td>ALBRECHT</td><td>85B</td><td>PL D56 134</td><td>H. Albrecht et al.</td><td>(ARGUS Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BANNER</td><td>85</td><td>PL D56 129</td><td>M. Banner et al.</td><td>(UA2 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>MILNER</td><td>85</td><td>PL 156B 1472</td><td>R.E. Milner et al.</td><td>(CIT)</td></tr><tr><td>SMITH</td><td>85</td><td>PL 153B 188</td><td>P.F. Smith et al.</td><td>(RAL, LOIC)</td></tr><tr><td>AIHARA</td><td>84</td><td>PL 52 168</td><td>H. Aihara et al.</td><td>(TPC Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>AIHARA</td><td>84</td><td>PL 52 2332</td><td>H. Aihara et al.</td><td>(TPC Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BARWICK</td><td>84</td><td>PR D30 691</td><td>S.W. Barwick, J.A. Musser, J.D. Stevenson</td><td>(UCB)</td></tr><tr><td>BERGSMA</td><td>84</td><td>ZPHY C24 217</td><td>F. Bergsma et al.</td><td>(CHARM Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BONDAR</td><td>84</td><td>JETPL 40 1265</td><td>A.E. Bondar et al.</td><td>(NOVO)</td></tr><tr><td>GURYN</td><td>84</td><td>PR 139B 313</td><td>W. Guryn et al.</td><td>(FRAS, LBL, NWES, STAN+)</td></tr><tr><td>KAWAGOE</td><td>84B</td><td>LNC 41 604</td><td>K. Kawagoe et al.</td><td>(TOKY)</td></tr><tr><td>KUTSCHERA</td><td>84B</td><td>PL D29 791</td><td>W. Kutschera et al.</td><td>(ANL, FNAL)</td></tr><tr><td>MARINELLI</td><td>84B</td><td>PR D137B 439</td><td>M. Marinelli, G. Morpurgo</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr><tr><td>WADA</td><td>84B</td><td>LNC 40 329</td><td>T. Wada, Y. Yamashita, I. Yamamoto</td><td>(OKAY)</td></tr><tr><td>AUBERT</td><td>83C</td><td>PL 133B 461</td><td>J.J. Aubert et al.</td><td>(EMC Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BANNER</td><td>83</td><td>PL 121B 187</td><td>M. Banner et al.</td><td>(UA2 Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>JOYCE</td><td>83</td><td>PR L51 731</td><td>D.C. Joyce et al.</td><td>(SFSU)</td></tr><tr><td>LEBOWITZ</td><td>83</td><td>PR L10B 1640</td><td>D. Lebowitz, M. Binder, K.O.H. Zlock</td><td>(UVA)</td></tr><tr><td>LINDGREN</td><td>83</td><td>PL L51 1621</td><td>M.A. Lindgren et al.</td><td>(SFSU, UCR, UCI+)</td></tr><tr><td>MASHIMO</td><td>84</td><td>PL 128B 327</td><td>T. Mashimo et al.</td><td>(ICEPP)</td></tr><tr><td>PRICE</td><td>83</td><td>PL R50 566</td><td>P.B. Price et al.</td><td>(UCB)</td></tr><tr><td>VANDESTEEG</td><td>83</td><td>PL R50 1234</td><td>M.J.H. van de Steeg, H.W.H.M. Jongbloets, P. Wyder</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MARINI</td><td>82</td><td>PR D26 1777</td><td>A. Marini et al.</td><td>(FRAS, LBL, NWES, STAN+)</td></tr><tr><td>MARINI</td><td>82B</td><td>PR L48 1649</td><td>A. Marini et al.</td><td>(FRAS, LBL, NWES, STAN+)</td></tr><tr><td>MASHIMO</td><td>82</td><td>JPSJ 51 3067</td><td>T. Mashimo, K. Kawagoe, M. Koshiwa</td><td>(INUS)</td></tr><tr><td>NAPOLIANO</td><td>82</td><td>PR D25 2837</td><td>J. Napolitano et al.</td><td>(STAN, FRAS, LBL+)</td></tr><tr><td>ROSS</td><td>82</td><td>PL 118B 199</td><td>M.C. Ross et al.</td><td>(FRAS, LBL, NWES, STAN+)</td></tr><tr><td>HODGES</td><td>81</td><td>PRL 47 1651</td><td>C.L. Hodges et al.</td><td>(UCR, SFSU)</td></tr><tr><td>LARUE</td><td>81</td><td>PR L46 967</td><td>G.S. Larue, J.D. Phillips, W.M. Fairbank</td><td>(STAN)</td></tr><tr><td>WEISS</td><td>81</td><td>PL 101B 439</td><td>J.M. Weiss et al.</td><td>(SLAC, LBL, UCB)</td></tr><tr><td>BARTEL</td><td>80</td><td>ZPHY C6 295</td><td>W. Bartel et al.</td><td>(JADE Collab.)</td></tr><tr><td>BASILE</td><td>80</td><td>LNC 29 251</td><td>M. Basile et al.</td><td>(BGN, CERN, FRAS, ROMA+)</td></tr><tr><td>BUSSIERE</td><td>80</td><td>NP B174 1</td><td>A. Bussiere et al.</td><td>(BGNA, SACL, LAPP)</td></tr><tr><td>MARINELLI</td><td>80B</td><td>PL 94B 433</td><td>M. Marinelli, G. Morpurgo</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Also</td><td>PL 94B 427</td><td>M. Marinelli, G. Morpurgo</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr><tr><td>BOYD</td><td>79</td><td>PRL 43 1288</td><td>(OSU)</td></tr><tr><td>BOZZOLI</td><td>79</td><td>PR L859 363</td><td>(BGN, LAPP, SACL+)</td></tr><tr><td>LARUE</td><td>79</td><td>PRL 42 142</td><td>(STAN)</td></tr><tr><td>Also</td><td>PL 42 1019</td><td>G.S. Larue, W.M. Fairbank, J.D. Phillips</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OGOROD...</td><td>79</td><td>D.D. Ogorodnikov, I.M. Samoilov, A.M. Solntsev</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Transiated from ZETF 76 1881.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>STEVENSON</td><td>PR D20 82</td><td>M.L. Ogdin</td><td>(LBL)</td></tr><tr><td>BASILE</td><td>78</td><td>NC 45A 171</td><td>M. Basile et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN)</td></tr><tr><td>BASILE</td><td>78B</td><td>NC 45A 281</td><td>M. Basile et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN)</td></tr><tr><td>BOYD</td><td>78</td><td>PR L40 216</td><td>R.N. Boyd et al.</td><td>(ROCH)</td></tr><tr><td>BOYD</td><td>78B</td><td>PL 72B 484</td><td>R.N. Boyd et al.</td><td>(ROCH)</td></tr><tr><td>LUND</td><td>78</td><td>RA 25 75</td><td>T. Lund, R. Brandt, Y. Fares</td><td>(MARB)</td></tr><tr><td>PUTT</td><td>78</td><td>PR D17 1466</td><td>G.D. Putt, P.C.M. Yock</td><td>(AUCK)</td></tr><tr><td>SCHIFFER</td><td>78</td><td>PR D17 2241</td><td>J.P. Schiffer et al.</td><td>(CHIC, ANL)</td></tr><tr><td>YOCK</td><td>78</td><td>PR D19 641</td><td>P.C.M. Yock</td><td>(AUCK)</td></tr><tr><td>ANTREASYAN</td><td>78</td><td>PR D19 513</td><td>D. Antreasyan et al.</td><td>(EFI, PRIN)</td></tr><tr><td>BASILE</td><td>77</td><td>NC 40A 41</td><td>M. Basile et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN)</td></tr><tr><td>BLAND</td><td>77</td><td>PRL 39 369</td><td>R.W. Bland et al.</td><td>(SFSU)</td></tr><tr><td>GALLINARO</td><td>77</td><td>PRL 38 1255</td><td>G. Gallinaro, M. Marinelli, G. Morpurgo</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr><tr><td>JONES</td><td>77B</td><td>RMP 49 717</td><td>L.W. Jones</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LARUE</td><td>77</td><td>PR D39 1011</td><td>G.S. Larue, W.M. Fairbank, A.F. Hebard</td><td>(STAN)</td></tr><tr><td>MULLER</td><td>77</td><td>SCI 196 521</td><td>R.A. Muller et al.</td><td>(LBL)</td></tr><tr><td>OGOROD...</td><td>77</td><td>JETP 45 857</td><td>D.D. Ogorodnikov, I.M. Samoilov, A.M. Solntsev</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Transiated from ZETF 72 1633.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BALDIN</td><td>76</td><td>B.Y. Baldin et al.</td><td>(JINR)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Transiated from YAF 22 512.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BRIATORE</td><td>NC 31A 553</td><td>L. Bristore et al.</td><td>(LCGT, FRAS, FREIB)</td></tr><tr><td>STEVENS</td><td>76</td><td>PR D14 716</td><td>C.M. Stevens, J.P. Schiffer, W. Chupka</td><td>(ANL)</td></tr><tr><td>ALBROW</td><td>75</td><td>NP B97 189</td><td>M.G. Albrow et al.</td><td>(CERN, DARE, FOM+)</td></tr><tr><td>FABIAN</td><td>75</td><td>PR L40 349</td><td>C.W. Fabian et al.</td><td>(CERN, MPIM)</td></tr><tr><td>HAZEN</td><td>75</td><td>NP B95 189</td><td>W.E. Hazen et al.</td><td>(MICH, LEED)</td></tr><tr><td>JOVANOV...</td><td>75</td><td>PR 56B 105</td><td>J.V. Jovanovich et al.</td><td>(MANI, AACH, CERN+)</td></tr><tr><td>KRISOR</td><td>75</td><td>NC 27A 132</td><td>K. Krisor</td><td>(AACH3)</td></tr><tr><td>CLARK</td><td>74</td><td>PR D10 2721</td><td>A.F. Clark et al.</td><td>(LLL)</td></tr><tr><td>GALIK</td><td>74</td><td>PR D10 856</td><td>R.S. Galik et al.</td><td>(SLAC, FNAL)</td></tr><tr><td>KIFUNE</td><td>74</td><td>JPSJ 36 629</td><td>T. Kifune et al.</td><td>(TOKY, KEK)</td></tr><tr><td>NASH</td><td>74</td><td>PR 32 858</td><td>T. Nash et al.</td><td>(FNAL, CORN, NYU)</td></tr><tr><td>ALPER</td><td>73</td><td>PL 46B 265</td><td>B. Alper et al.</td><td>(CERN, LIVP, LUND, BOHR+)</td></tr><tr><td>ASHTON</td><td>73</td><td>JP A6 577</td><td>F. Ashton et al.</td><td>(DURH)</td></tr><tr><td>HICKS</td><td>73B</td><td>NC 14A 65</td><td>R.B. Hicks, R.W. Flint, S. Standil</td><td>(MANI)</td></tr><tr><td>LEIPUNER</td><td>73</td><td>PL 31 1229</td><td>L.B. Leipuner et al.</td><td>(BNL, LAPP)</td></tr><tr><td>BEAUCHAMP</td><td>72</td><td>PR D6 1211</td><td>W.T. Beauchamp et al.</td><td>(ARIZ)</td></tr><tr><td>BOHM</td><td>72B</td><td>PRL 28 326</td><td>A. Bohm et al.</td><td>(AACH)</td></tr><tr><td>BOTT</td><td>72</td><td>PR 40B 693</td><td>M. Bott-Bodenhausen et al.</td><td>(CERN, MPIM)</td></tr><tr><td>COX</td><td>72</td><td>PR D6 1203</td><td>A.J. Cox et al.</td><td>(ARIZ)</td></tr><tr><td>CHUCH</td><td>72</td><td>PL 166 267</td><td>M.D. Crouch, J.K. Mori, G.R. Smith</td><td>(CERE)</td></tr><tr><td>DARDO</td><td>72</td><td>NC 49A 319</td><td>M.D. Dardó et al.</td><td>(TORI)</td></tr><tr><td>EVANS</td><td>72</td><td>PRSE A70 143</td><td>G.R. Evans et al.</td><td>(EDIN, LEED)</td></tr><tr><td>TONWAR</td><td>72</td><td>JP A5 569</td><td>S.C. Tonwar, S. Naranan, B.V. Sreekantan</td><td>(TATA)</td></tr><tr><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>71</td><td>NP B29 374</td><td>Y.M. Antipov et al.</td><td>(SERP)</td></tr><tr><td>CHIN</td><td>71</td><td>PL 2A 419</td><td>S. Chin et al.</td><td>(OSAN)</td></tr><tr><td>CLARK</td><td>71B</td><td>PR 27 51</td><td>A.F. Clark et al.</td><td>(LLL, LBL)</td></tr><tr><td>HAZEN</td><td>71</td><td>NC 26 582</td><td>W.E. Hazen</td><td>(MICH)</td></tr><tr><td>BOSIA</td><td>70</td><td>NC 46A 167</td><td>G.F. Bosisa, L. Bristore</td><td>(OSU, ROSE, KANS)</td></tr><tr><td>CHU</td><td>70</td><td>PRL 24 917</td><td>W.T. Chu et al.</td><td>(ANL)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Transiated from ZETF 54 91.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ALBERT</td><td>70B</td><td>PR D1 835</td><td>W.W.M. Allison et al.</td><td>(WISC)</td></tr><tr><td>FAISNER</td><td>70B</td><td>PR D1 1357</td><td>J.W. Elbert et al.</td><td>(WISC)</td></tr><tr><td>KRIDER</td><td>70B</td><td>PR D1 24 1357</td><td>H. Faissner et al.</td><td>(AACH3)</td></tr><tr><td>MORPURGO</td><td>70</td><td>NIM 79 95</td><td>E.P. Krider, T. Bowen, R.M. Kalbach</td><td>(ARIZ)</td></tr><tr><td>ALLADO</td><td>69B</td><td>NC 4A 75</td><td>G. Morpurgo, G. Gallinaro, G. Palmieri</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr><tr><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>69</td><td>PL 29B 245</td><td>J.V. Allaby et al.</td><td>(CERN)</td></tr><tr><td>ANTIPOV</td><td>69B</td><td>PL 308 576</td><td>Y.M. Antipov et al.</td><td>(SERP)</td></tr><tr><td>CAIRNS</td><td>69</td><td>PR 186 1394</td><td>I. Cairns et al.</td><td>(SYDN)</td></tr><tr><td>COOK</td><td>69</td><td>PR 188 2092</td><td>D.D. Cook et al.</td><td>(ILL)</td></tr><tr><td>FUKUSHIMA</td><td>69</td><td>PR 178 2058</td><td>Y. Fukushima et al.</td><td>(TOKY)</td></tr><tr><td>MCCUSKER</td><td>69</td><td>PL 23 658</td><td>C.B.A. McCusker, I. Cairns</td><td>(SYDN)</td></tr><tr><td>BELLAMY</td><td>68</td><td>PR 166 1391</td><td>E.H. Bellamy et al.</td><td>(STAN, SLAC)</td></tr><tr><td>BJORNBOE</td><td>68</td><td>NC 53B 241</td><td>J. Bjornboe et al.</td><td>(BOHR, TATA, BERN+)</td></tr><tr><td>BRAGINSK</td><td>68</td><td>JETP 27 51</td><td>V.B. Vraginsky et al.</td><td>(MOSU)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Transiated from ZETF 54 91.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BRIATORE</td><td>NC 57A 850</td><td>L. Bristore et al.</td><td>(TORI, CERN, BGN)</td></tr><tr><td>FRANZINI</td><td>68</td><td>PR 21 1013</td><td>P. Franzini, S. Shulman</td><td>(COLU)</td></tr><tr><td>GARMIRE</td><td>68</td><td>PR 166 1280</td><td>G. Garmire, C. Leong, V. Sreekantan</td><td>(MIT)</td></tr><tr><td>HANAYAMA</td><td>68</td><td>CJP 46 5734</td><td>Y. Hanayama et al.</td><td>(OSAK)</td></tr><tr><td>KASHA</td><td>68B</td><td>PR 172 1297</td><td>H. Kasha, R.J. Stefanski</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>KASHA</td><td>68B</td><td>PR 20 217</td><td>H. Kasha et al.</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>KASHA</td><td>68C</td><td>PR 166 5730</td><td>H. Kasha et al.</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>RANK</td><td>68</td><td>PR 176 1635</td><td>D. Rank</td><td>(MICH)</td></tr><tr><td>BARTON</td><td>67</td><td>PRSL 90 87</td><td>J.C. Barton</td><td>(NPOL)</td></tr><tr><td>BATHOW</td><td>67</td><td>PL 25B 163</td><td>G. Bathow et al.</td><td>(DESY)</td></tr><tr><td>BUHLER</td><td>67</td><td>NC 49A 209</td><td>A. Buhler-Broglin et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN)</td></tr><tr><td>BUHLER</td><td>67</td><td>NC 51A 837</td><td>A. Buhler-Broglin et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN+)</td></tr><tr><td>FOS5</td><td>67</td><td>PL 25B 166</td><td>J. Foss et al.</td><td>(MIT)</td></tr><tr><td>GOMEZ</td><td>67</td><td>PR 18 1022</td><td>R. Gomez et al.</td><td>(CIT)</td></tr><tr><td>KASHA</td><td>67</td><td>PR 154 1263</td><td>H. Kasha et al.</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>STOVER</td><td>67</td><td>PR 164 1599</td><td>R.W. Stover, T.I. Moran, J.W. Trischka</td><td>(SYRA)</td></tr><tr><td>BARTON</td><td>66</td><td>PL 21 360</td><td>J.R. Barton, C.T. Stockel</td><td>(NPOL)</td></tr><tr><td>BENNETT</td><td>66</td><td>PR 17 1196</td><td>W.R. Bennett et al.</td><td>(YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>BUHLER</td><td>66</td><td>NC 45A 520</td><td>A. Buhler-Broglin et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGN+)</td></tr><tr><td>CHUPKA</td><td>66</td><td>PL 17 60</td><td>W.A. Chupka, J.P. Schiffer, C.M. Stevens</td><td>(ANL)</td></tr><tr><td>GALLINARO</td><td>66</td><td>PL 23 609</td><td>G. Gallinaro, G. Morpurgo</td><td>(GENO)</td></tr><tr><td>KASHA</td><td>66</td><td>PL 150 1140</td><td>H. Kasha, L.B. Leipuner, R.K. Adair</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>LAMB</td><td>66</td><td>PR 17 1068</td><td>R.C. Lamb et al.</td><td>(ANL)</td></tr><tr><td>DELISE</td><td>65</td><td>PR 140 8458</td><td>D.A. de Lise, T. Bowen</td><td>(ARIZ)</td></tr><tr><td>DORFAN</td><td>65</td><td>PR 14 999</td><td>D.E. Dorfan et al.</td><td>(COLU)</td></tr><tr><td>FRANZINI</td><td>65B</td><td>PR L14 196</td><td>P. Franzini et al.</td><td>(BNL, COLU)</td></tr><tr><td>MASSAM</td><td>65</td><td>NC 40A 589</td><td>T. Massam, T. Muller, A. Zichichi</td><td>(CERN)</td></tr><tr><td>BINGHAM</td><td>64</td><td>PL 13 108</td><td>H.H. Bingham et al.</td><td>(CERN, BGNL)</td></tr><tr><td>BLUM</td><td>64</td><td>PL R13 353A</td><td>W. Blum et al.</td><td>(CERN)</td></tr><tr><td>BOWEN</td><td>64</td><td>PR L3 728</td><td>T. Bowen et al.</td><td>(ARIZ)</td></tr><tr><td>HAGOPIAN</td><td>64</td><td>PR L13 280</td><td>V. Hagopian et al.</td><td>(PENN, BNL)</td></tr><tr><td>LEIPUNER</td><td>64</td><td>PR L12 423</td><td>L.B. Leipuner et al.</td><td>(BNL, YALE)</td></tr><tr><td>MUNSON</td><td>64</td><td>D.R.O. Morrison</td><td>D.R.O. Morrison</td><td>(CERN)</td></tr><tr><td>SUNYAR</td><td>64</td><td>PR 136 1157</td><td>A.W. Sunyar, A.Z. Schwarzschild, P.I. Connors</td><td>(BNL)</td></tr><tr><td>HILLAS</td><td>64</td><td>NAT 184 B92</td><td>A.M. Hillas, T.E. Cranshaw</td><td>(AERE)</td></tr><tr><td>MILLIKAN</td><td>10</td><td>Phil Mag 19 209</td><td>R.A. Millikan</td><td>(CHIC)</td></tr></tbody></table>

OTHER RELATED PAPERS

LYONS 85 L. Lyons (OXF)

MARINELLI 82 M. Marinelli, G. Morpurgo (GENO)
LIGHT UNFLAVORED MESONS (S = C = B = 0)

• π± 1411

• π° 1414

• η 1416

• f₀(500) aka σ; was f₀(600), f₀(400 - 1200) 1422

• ρ(770) 1424

• ω(782) 1430

• η'(958) 1435

• f₀(980) 1442

• a₀(980) 1444

• φ(1020) 1446

• h₁(1170) 1454

• b₁(1235) 1454

• a₁(1260) 1455

• f₂(1270) 1457

• f₁(1285) 1461

• η(1295) 1464

• π(1300) 1464

• a₂(1320) 1465

• f₀(1370) 1469

• π₁(1400) 1471

• η(1405) 1472

• h₁(1415) 1475

• f₁(1420) 1475

• ω(1420) 1477

• f₂(1430) 1478

• a₀(1450) 1478

• ρ(1450) 1479

• η(1475) 1483

• f₀(1500) 1484

• f₁(1510) 1486

• f'₂(1525) 1487

• f₂(1565) 1491

• ρ(1570) 1492

• h₁(1595) 1492

• π₁(1600) 1493

• a₁(1640) 1494

• f₂(1640) 1495

• η₂(1645) 1495

• ω(1650) 1495

• ω₃(1670) 1497

• π₂(1670) 1497

• φ(1680) 1499

• ρ₃(1690) 1501

• ρ(1700) 1504

• a₂(1700) 1508

• a₀(1710) 1509

• f₀(1710) 1510

• X(1750) 1512

• η(1760) 1512

• f₀(1770) 1513

• π(1800) 1514

• f₂(1810) 1515

• X(1835) 1516

• φ₃(1850) 1517

• η₁(1855) 1517

• η₂(1870) 1518

• π₂(1880) 1518

• ρ(1900) 1519

• f₂(1910) 1519

• a₀(1950) 1520

• f₂(1950) 1520

• Indicates the particle is in the Meson Summary Table

• a₄(1970) 1521

• ρ₃(1990) 1522

• π₂(2005) 1523

• f₂(2010) 1523

• f₀(2020) 1523

• f₄(2050) 1524

• π₂(2100) 1525

• f₀(2100) 1526

• f₂(2150) 1526

• ρ(2150) 1528

• φ(2170) 1529

• f₀(2200) 1531

• f₇(2220) 1531

• ω(2220) 1532

• η(2225) 1533

• ρ₃(2250) 1533

• f₂(2300) 1534

• f₄(2300) 1534

• f₀(2330) 1535

• f₂(2340) 1535

• ρ₅(2350) 1536

• X(2370) 1536

• f₀(2470) 1537

• f₆(2510) 1537

STRANGE MESONS (S = ±1, C = B = 0)

• K± 1538

• K° 1553

• K°S 1554

• K°L 1558

• K°₀(700) aka κ; was K°₀(800) 1573

• K°(892) 1574

• K₁(1270) 1577

• K₁(1400) 1578

• K°(1410) 1579

• K°₀(1430) 1580

• K°₂(1430) 1581

• K(1460) 1583

• K₂(1580) 1584

• K(1630) 1584

• K₁(1650) 1584

• K°(1680) 1584

• K₂(1770) 1585

• K°₃(1780) 1586

• K₂(1820) 1587

• K(1830) 1587

• K°₀(1950) 1588

• K°₂(1980) 1588

• K°₄(2045) 1589

• K₂(2250) 1590

• K₃(2320) 1590

• K°₅(2380) 1590

• K₄(2500) 1590

• K(3100) aka K°₇(3100) 1591

CHARMED MESONS (C = ±1)

• D± 1592

• D° 1610

• D°(2007)° 1646

• D°(2010)± 1647

• D°₀(2300) was D°₀(2400) 1648

• D₁(2420) 1649

(Continued on the next page)
• $D_1(2430)^0$ 1650

• $D_2^*(2460)$ 1651
• $D_0(2550)^0$ 1653

• $D_1^*(2600)^0$ was $D(2600)$ 1653

• $D^*(2640)^\pm$ 1654

• $D_2(2740)^0$ was $\bar{D}(2740)^0$ 1654

• $D_3^*(2750)$ 1654
• $D_1^*(2760)^0$ 1655
• $D(3000)^0$ 1655

CHARMED, STRANGE MESONS ($C = S = \pm 1$)

• $D_s^\pm$ 1657

• $D_s^{*\pm}$ 1673

• $D_{s0}^*(2317)^\pm$ 1674

• $D_{s1}(2460)^\pm$ 1675

• $D_{s1}(2536)^\pm$ 1676

• $D_{s2}^*(2573)$ 1677
• $D_{s0}(2590)^+$ 1678

• $D_{s1}^*(2700)^\pm$ 1678
• $D_{s1}^*(2860)^\pm$ was $D_{sJ}^*(2860)$ 1679

• $D_{s3}^*(2860)^\pm$ 1679
• $D_{sJ}(3040)^\pm$ 1680

BOTTOM MESONS ($B = \pm 1$)

• $B^\pm$ 1682

• $B^0$ 1751

• $B^\pm/B^0$ ADMIXTURE 1828

• $B^\pm/B^0/B_s^0/b$-baryon ADMIXTURE
• $V_{cb}$ and $V_{ub}$ CKM Matrix Elements 1851
1859

• $B^*$ 1860

• $B_1(5721)$ 1861
• $B_J^*(5732)$ 1861

• $B_2^*(5747)$ 1862
• $B_J(5840)$ 1862

• $B_J(5970)$ 1863

BOTTOM, STRANGE MESONS ($B = \pm 1, S = \mp 1$)

• $B_s^0$ 1865

• $B_s^*$ 1890

• $B_{s1}(5830)^0$ 1890

• $B_{s2}^*(5840)^0$ 1891
• $B_{sJ}(5850)$ 1891

• $B_{sJ}(6063)^0$ 1892

• $B_{sJ}(6114)^0$ 1892

BOTTOM, CHARMED MESONS ($B = C = \pm 1$)

• $B_c^+$ 1893

• $B_c(2S)^\pm$ 1897

$c\bar{c}$ MESONS

• $\eta_c(1S)$ 1898

• $J/\psi(1S)$ 1907

• $\chi_{c0}(1P)$ 1935

• $\chi_{c1}(1P)$ 1945

• $h_c(1P)$ 1954

• $\chi_{c2}(1P)$ 1956

• $\eta_c(2S)$ 1967

• $\psi(2S)$ 1970

• $\psi(3770)$ 1988

• $\psi_2(3823)$ was $\psi(3823)$, $X(3823)$ 1995

• $\psi_3(3842)$ 1996

• $\chi_{c0}(3860)$ 1996

• $\chi_{c1}(3872)$ aka $X(3872)$ 1996

• Indicates the particle is in the Meson Summary Table

• $\chi_{c0}(3915)$ was $X(3915)$ 2000

• $\chi_{c2}(3930)$ 2001
• $X(3940)$ 2002

• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4020)$ 2065

• $\psi(4040)$ 2002

• $\chi_{c1}(4140)$ was $X(4140)$ 2005

• $\psi(4160)$ 2005
• $X(4160)$ 2008
• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4250)^+$ 2068

• $\psi(4230)$ aka $Y(4260)$; was $X(4260)$ 2009

• $\chi_{c1}(4274)$ was $X(4274)$ 2014
• $X(4350)$ 2015

• $\psi(4360)$ aka $Y(4360)$; was $X(4360)$ 2015

• $\psi(4415)$ 2017
• $\chi_{c0}(4500)$ was $X(4500)$ 2019
• $X(4630)$ 2019

• $\psi(4660)$ aka $Y(4660)$; was $X(4660)$ 2020
• $\chi_{c1}(4685)$ 2022

• $\chi_{c0}(4700)$ was $X(4700)$ 2022

$b\bar{b}$ MESONS

• $\eta_b(1S)$ 2023

• $\Upsilon(1S)$ 2024

• $\chi_{b0}(1P)$ 2031

• $\chi_{b1}(1P)$ 2033

• $h_b(1P)$ 2035

• $\chi_{b2}(1P)$ 2035
• $\eta_b(2S)$ 2037

• $\Upsilon(2S)$ 2037

• $\Upsilon_2(1D)$ was $\Upsilon(1D)$ 2043

• $\chi_{b0}(2P)$ 2043

• $\chi_{b1}(2P)$ 2045

• $h_b(2P)$ 2047

• $\chi_{b2}(2P)$ 2047

• $\Upsilon(3S)$ 2049

• $\chi_{b1}(3P)$ 2053

• $\chi_{b2}(3P)$ 2053

• $\Upsilon(4S)$ aka $\Upsilon(10580)$ 2054
• $\Upsilon(10753)$ 2056

• $\Upsilon(10860)$ 2056

• $\Upsilon(11020)$ 2060

OTHER MESONS

$T_{cs0}^*(2870)^0$ was $X_0(2900)$ 2062

$T_{cs1}^*(2900)^0$ was $X_1(2900)$ 2062

$T_{c\bar{c}0}^*(2900)$ 2062

$T_{cc}(3875)^+$ 2062

$T_{c\bar{c}1}(3900)$ was $Z_c(3900)$, $X(3900)$ 2063
$T_{c\bar{c}cs1}(4000)$ was $Z_{cs}(4000)$ 2064

• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4020)$ was $X(4020)$ 2065
• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4050)^+$ was $X(4050)$ 2066

• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4055)^+$ was $X(4055)^\pm$ 2066

• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4100)^+$ was $X(4100)^\pm$ 2067

• $T_{c\bar{c}1}(4200)^+$ was $Z_c(4200)$, $X(4200)^\pm$ 2067

• $T_{c\bar{c}cs1}(4220)^+$ was $Z_{cs}(4220)^+$ 2067

• $T_{c\bar{c}0}(4240)^+$ was $R_{c0}(4240)$, $X(4240)^\pm$ 2067

• $T_{c\bar{c}}(4250)^+$ was $X(4250)^\pm$ 2068

• $T_{c\bar{c}1}(4430)^+$ was $Z_c(4430)$, $X(4430)^\pm$ 2068

• $T_{b\bar{c}}(5568)^+$ was $X(5568)^\pm$ 2069

• $T_{cc\bar{c}}(6900)^0$ was $X(6900)$ 2069
• $T_{b\bar{c}1}(10610)$ was $Z_b(10610)$, $X(10610)$ 2069

• $T_{b\bar{c}1}(10650)^+$ was $Z_b(10650)$, $X(10650)^\pm$ 2071

Further States 2072

(Continued on next page.)
## Notes in the Listings

<table><tr><td>Charged kaon mass</td><td>1538</td></tr><tr><td>Dalitz plot parameters for K → 3π decays</td><td>1547</td></tr><tr><td>CP-violation in K<sub>S</sub> → 3π</td><td>1557</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (rev.)</td><td>1681</td></tr><tr><td>Charmonium system (rev.)</td><td>1898</td></tr><tr><td>Branching ratios of ψ(2S) and χ<sub>c0,1,2</sub> (rev.)</td><td>1934</td></tr><tr><td>Bottomonium system (rev.)</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td>Width determination of the Υ states</td><td>2023</td></tr></table>

## Related Reviews in Volume 1

<table><tr><td>62. Form factors for semileptonic kaon (K<sub>ℓ3</sub>), radiative pion (π<sub>ℓ2γ</sub>) & kaon (K<sub>ℓ2γ</sub>) decays (rev.)</td><td>871</td></tr><tr><td>63. Spectroscopy of light meson resonances (rev.)</td><td>874</td></tr><tr><td>64. Scalar mesons below 1 GeV (rev.)</td><td>888</td></tr><tr><td>65. Rare kaon decays (rev.)</td><td>896</td></tr><tr><td>66. CPT invariance tests in neutral kaon decay (rev.)</td><td>902</td></tr><tr><td>67. V<sub>ud</sub>, V<sub>us</sub>, Cabibbo angle, and CKM unitarity (rev.)</td><td>904</td></tr><tr><td>68. CP-violation in K<sub>L</sub> decays (rev.)</td><td>908</td></tr><tr><td>69. Review of multibody charm analyses (rev.)</td><td>911</td></tr><tr><td>70. D<sup>0</sup>-D<sup>-</sup> mixing (rev.)</td><td>917</td></tr><tr><td>71. D<sub>s</sub><sup>+</sup> branching fractions</td><td>927</td></tr><tr><td>72. Leptonic decays of charged pseudoscalar mesons (rev.)</td><td>929</td></tr><tr><td>73. Production and decay of b-flavored hadrons (rev.)</td><td>940</td></tr><tr><td>74. Polarization in B decays (rev.)</td><td>951</td></tr><tr><td>75. B<sup>0</sup>-B<sup>-</sup> mixing (rev.)</td><td>955</td></tr><tr><td>76. Semileptonic B decays, V<sub>cb</sub> and V<sub>ub</sub> (rev.)</td><td>962</td></tr><tr><td>77. CKM angles from B hadrons, determination of (rev.)</td><td>980</td></tr><tr><td>78. Spectroscopy of mesons containing two heavy quarks (rev.)</td><td>985</td></tr><tr><td>79. Heavy non-qq mesons (rev.)</td><td>994</td></tr></table>
<figure><img src="image_429.png" /></figure>
# LIGHT UNFLAVORED MESONS
(S = C = B = 0)

For $l = 1$ ($\pi, b, \rho, a$): $u\bar{d}, (u\bar{u}-d\bar{d})/\sqrt{2}, d\bar{u}$;
for $l = 0$ ($\eta, \eta', h, h', \omega, \phi, f, f'$): $c_1(u\bar{u} + d\bar{d}) + c_2(s\bar{s})$

$\pi^{\pm}$

$l^G(J^P) = 1^{-}(0^{-})$

We have omitted some results that have been superseded by later experiments. The omitted results may be found in our 1988 edition Physics Letters **B204** 1 (1988).

## $\pi^{\pm}$ MASS

The most accurate charged pion mass measurements are based upon x-ray wavelength measurements for transitions in $\pi^{-}$-mesonic atoms. The observed line is the blend of three components, corresponding to different K-shell occupancies. JECKELMANN 94 revisits the occupancy question, with the conclusion that two sets of occupancy ratios, resulting in two different pion masses (Solutions A and B), are equally probable. We choose the higher Solution B since only this solution is consistent with a positive mass-squared for the muon neutrino, given the precise muon momentum measurements now available (DAUM 91, ASSAMAGAN 94, and ASSAMAGAN 96) for the decay of pions at rest. Earlier mass determinations with pi-mesonic atoms may have used incorrect K-shell screening corrections.

Measurements with an error of > 0.005 MeV have been omitted from this Listing.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (MeV)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>139.57039 ± 0.00018</td><td>OUR FIT</td><td></td><td></td><td>Error includes scale factor of 1.8.</td></tr><tr><td>139.57039 ± 0.00017</td><td>OUR AVERAGE</td><td></td><td></td><td>Error includes scale factor of 1.6. See the ideogram below.</td></tr><tr><td>139.57021 ± 0.00014</td><td>1 DAUM</td><td>19</td><td>SPEC</td><td>π<sup>+</sup> → μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>μ</sub></td></tr><tr><td>139.57077 ± 0.00018</td><td>2 TRASSINELLI</td><td>16</td><td>CNTR</td><td>X-ray transitions in pionic</td></tr><tr><td>139.57071 ± 0.00053</td><td>3 LENZ</td><td>98</td><td>CNTR</td><td>N2</td></tr><tr><td>139.56995 ± 0.00035</td><td>4 JECKELMANN 94</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td><td>pionic N2-atoms gas target</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>π<sup>-</sup> atom, Soln. B</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •</td></tr><tr><td>139.57022 ± 0.00014</td><td>5 ASSAMAGAN</td><td>96</td><td>SPEC</td><td>π<sup>+</sup> → μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>μ</sub></td></tr><tr><td>139.56782 ± 0.00037</td><td>6 JECKELMANN 94</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td><td>π<sup>-</sup> atom, Soln. A</td></tr><tr><td>139.56996 ± 0.00067</td><td>7 DAUM</td><td>91</td><td>SPEC</td><td>π<sup>+</sup> → μ<sup>+</sup>ν</td></tr><tr><td>139.56752 ± 0.00037</td><td>8 JECKELMANN 86B</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td><td>Mesonic atoms</td></tr><tr><td>139.5704 ± 0.0011</td><td>7 ABELA</td><td>84</td><td>SPEC</td><td>See DAUM 91</td></tr><tr><td>139.5664 ± 0.0009</td><td>9 LU</td><td>80</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Mesonic atoms</td></tr><tr><td>139.5686 ± 0.0020</td><td>CARTER</td><td>76</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Mesonic atoms</td></tr><tr><td>139.5660 ± 0.0024</td><td>9,10 MARUSHEN...</td><td>76</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Mesonic atoms</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹DAUM 19 value is based on their previous (1991+1996) measurements of the $\mu^+$ momentum of 29.79200 ± 0.00011 MeV for $\pi^+$ decay at rest. It also uses $m_\mu = 105.6583745 \pm 0.0000024$ MeV, and assumes conservatively $m_{\nu_\mu} = 2.0 \pm 2.0$ MeV. It is the most precise charged pion mass determination.

²TRASSINELLI 16 use the muonic oxygen line for online energy calibration of the pionic line.

³LENZ 98 result does not suffer K-electron configuration uncertainties as does JECKELMANN 94.

⁴JECKELMANN 94 Solution B (dominant 2-electron K-shell occupancy), chosen for consistency with positive $m_{\nu_\mu}^2$.

⁵ASSAMAGAN 96 measures the $\mu^+$ momentum $p_\mu$ in $\pi^+ \to \mu^+\nu_\mu$ decay at rest to be 29.79200 ± 0.00011 MeV/c. Combined with the $\mu^+$ mass and the assumption $m_{\nu_\mu} = 0$, this gives the $\pi^+$ mass above; if $m_{\nu_\mu} > 0$, $m_{\pi^+}$ given above is a lower limit. Combined instead with $m_\mu$ and (assuming CPT) the $\pi^-$ mass of JECKELMANN 94, $p_\mu$ gives an upper limit on $m_{\nu_\mu}$ (see the $\nu_\mu$).

⁶JECKELMANN 94 Solution A (small 2-electron K-shell occupancy) in combination with either the DAUM 91 or ASSAMAGAN 94 pion decay muon momentum measurement yields a significantly negative $m_{\nu_\mu}^2$. It is accordingly not used in our fits.

⁷The DAUM 91 value includes the ABELA 84 result. The value is based on a measurement of the $\mu^+$ momentum for $\pi^+$ decay at rest, $p_\mu = 29.79179 \pm 0.00053$ MeV, uses $m_\mu = 105.658389 \pm 0.000034$ MeV, and assumes that $m_{\nu_\mu} = 0$. The last assumption means that in fact the value is a lower limit.

⁸JECKELMANN 86B gives $m_\pi/m_e = 273.12677(71)$. We use $m_e = 0.51099906(15)$ MeV from COHEN 87. The authors note that two solutions for the probability distribution of K-shell occupancy fit equally well, and use other data to choose the lower of the two possible $\pi^\pm$ masses.

⁹These values are scaled with a new wavelength-energy conversion factor $\lambda V = 1.23984244(37) \times 10^{-6}$ eV m from COHEN 87. The LU 80 screening correction relies upon a theoretical calculation of inner-shell refilling rates.

¹⁰This MARUSHENKO 76 value used at the authors' request to use the accepted set of calibration + energies. Error increased from 0.0017 MeV to include QED calculation error of 0.0017 MeV (12 ppm).

WEIGHTED AVERAGE
139.57039±0.00017 (Error scaled by 1.6)

<figure><img src="image_430.png" /></figure>

Values above of weighted average, error, and scale factor are based upon the data in this ideogram only. They are not necessarily the same as our 'best' values, obtained from a least-squares constrained fit utilizing measurements of other (related) quantities as additional information.

## $m_{\pi^+} - m_{\pi^-}$

Measurements with an error > 0.05 MeV have been omitted from this Listing.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (MeV)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>33.91157 ± 0.00067</td><td></td><td>¹ DAUM</td><td>91</td><td>SPEC</td><td>π<sup>+</sup> → μ<sup>+</sup>ν</td></tr><tr><td>33.9111 ± 0.0011</td><td></td><td>ABELA</td><td>84</td><td>SPEC</td><td>See DAUM 91</td></tr><tr><td>33.925 ± 0.025</td><td></td><td>BOOTH</td><td>70</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Magnetic spect.</td></tr><tr><td>33.881 ± 0.035</td><td>145</td><td>HYMAN</td><td>67</td><td>HEBC</td><td>K<sup>-</sup> He</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹The DAUM 91 value assumes that $m_{\nu_\mu} = 0$ and uses our $m_\mu = 105.658389 \pm 0.000034$ MeV.

## $(m_{\pi^+} - m_{\pi^-}) / m_{\text{average}}$

A test of CPT invariance.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-4</sup>)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2 ± 5</td><td>AYRES</td><td>71 CNTR</td></tr></tbody></table>

## $\pi^{\pm}$ MEAN LIFE

Measurements with an error > $0.02 \times 10^{-8}$ s have been omitted.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (10<sup>-8</sup> s)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2.6033 ± 0.0005</td><td>OUR AVERAGE</td><td></td><td></td><td>Error includes scale factor of 1.2.</td></tr><tr><td>2.60361 ± 0.00052</td><td>1 KOPTEV</td><td>95</td><td>SPEC</td><td>Surface μ<sup>+</sup>'s</td></tr><tr><td>2.60231 ± 0.00050 ± 0.00084</td><td>NUMAO</td><td>95</td><td>SPEC</td><td>Surface μ<sup>+</sup>'s</td></tr><tr><td>2.609 ± 0.008</td><td>DUNAITSEV</td><td>73</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.602 ± 0.004</td><td>AYRES</td><td>71</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.604 ± 0.005</td><td>NORDBERG</td><td>67</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.602 ± 0.004</td><td>ECKHAUSE</td><td>65</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

2.640 ± 0.008 2 KINSEY 66 CNTR +

¹KOPTEV 95 combines the statistical and systematic errors; the statistical error dominates.

²Systematic errors in the calibration of this experiment are discussed by NORDBERG 67.

## $(\tau_{\pi^+} - \tau_{\pi^-}) / \tau_{\text{average}}$

A test of CPT invariance.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-4</sup>)</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>5.5 ± 7.1</td><td>AYRES</td><td>71 CNTR</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>-14 ± 29</td><td>PETRUKHIN</td><td>68 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>40 ± 70</td><td>BARDON</td><td>66 CNTR</td></tr><tr><td>23 ± 40</td><td>1 LOBKOWICZ</td><td>66 CNTR</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹This is the most conservative value given by LOBKOWICZ 66.

## $\pi$ ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY $\alpha_\pi$

See HOLSTEIN 14 for a general review on hadron polarizability.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (10<sup>-4</sup> fm<sup>3</sup>)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2.0 ± 0.6 ± 0.7</td><td>63k</td><td>1 ADOLPH</td><td>15A SPEC</td><td>π<sup>-</sup>γ → π<sup>-</sup>γ Compton scatt.</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹Value is derived assuming $\alpha_\pi = -\beta_\pi$.
# Meson Particle Listings

$\pi^{\pm}$

## $\pi^+$ DECAY MODES

π⁻ modes are charge conjugates of the modes below.

For decay limits to particles which are not established, see the section on Searches for Axions and Other Very Light Bosons.

<table><thead><tr><th>Mode</th><th></th><th>Fraction (Γ<sub>f</sub>/Γ)</th><th>Confidence level</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Γ<sub>1</sub></td><td>μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>μ</sub></td><td>[a] (99.98770±0.00004) %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>2</sub></td><td>μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>μ</sub>γ</td><td>[b] ( 2.00 ±0.25 ) × 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>3</sub></td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub></td><td>[a] ( 1.230 ±0.004 ) × 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>4</sub></td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub>γ</td><td>[b] ( 7.39 ±0.05 ) × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>5</sub></td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub>π<sup>0</sup></td><td>( 1.036 ±0.006 ) × 10<sup>-8</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>6</sub></td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td>( 3.2 ±0.5 ) × 10<sup>-9</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>7</sub></td><td>μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>μ</sub>ν<sub>ν</sub></td><td>&lt; 9</td><td>× 10<sup>-6</sup> 90%</td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>8</sub></td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub>ν<sub>ν</sub></td><td>&lt; 1.6</td><td>× 10<sup>-7</sup> 90%</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Lepton Family number (LF) or Lepton number (L) violating modes

<table><tbody><tr><td>Γ<sub>9</sub></td><td>μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub></td><td>L</td><td>[c] &lt; 1.5</td><td>× 10<sup>-3</sup> 90%</td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>10</sub></td><td>μ<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub></td><td>LF</td><td>[c] &lt; 8.0</td><td>× 10<sup>-3</sup> 90%</td></tr><tr><td>Γ<sub>11</sub></td><td>μ<sup>-</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup>ν</td><td>LF</td><td>&lt; 1.6</td><td>× 10<sup>-6</sup> 90%</td></tr></tbody></table>

[a] Measurements of $\Gamma(e^+\nu_e)/\Gamma(\mu^+\nu_\mu)$ always include decays with $\gamma$'s, and measurements of $\Gamma(e^+\nu_e\gamma)$ and $\Gamma(\mu^+\nu_\mu\gamma)$ never include low-energy $\gamma$'s. Therefore, since no clean separation is possible, we consider the modes with $\gamma$'s to be subreactions of the modes without them, and let $[\Gamma(e^+\nu_e) + \Gamma(\mu^+\nu_\mu)]/\Gamma_{\text{total}} = 100\%$.

[b] See the Particle Listings below for the energy limits used in this measurement; low-energy $\gamma$'s are not included.

[c] Derived from an analysis of neutrino-oscillation experiments.

## $\pi^+$ BRANCHING RATIOS

$$ \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e})/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{3}/\Gamma $$

See note [a] in the list of $\pi^+$ decay modes just above, and see also the next block of data. See also the note on "Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons" in the $D_S^+$ Listings.

VALUE (units 10⁻⁴)

DOCUMENT ID

### 1.230±0.004 OUR EVALUATION

$$ [\Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e}) + \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e} \gamma)]/[(\Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu}) + \Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu} \gamma))] \quad (\Gamma_{3}+\Gamma_{4})/(\Gamma_{1}+\Gamma_{2}) $$

See note [a] in the list of $\pi^+$ decay modes above. See NUMAO 92 for a discussion of $e\mu$ universality. See also the note on "Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons" in the $D_S^+$ Listings.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-4</sup>)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6"><strong>1.2327±0.0023 OUR AVERAGE</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1.2344±0.0023±0.0019</td><td>400k</td><td>AGUILAR-AR...</td><td>15</td><td>CNTR +</td><td>Stopping π<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>1.2346±0.0035±0.0036</td><td>120k</td><td>CZAPEK</td><td>93</td><td>CALO</td><td>Stopping π<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>1.2265±0.0034±0.0044</td><td>190k</td><td>BRITTON</td><td>92</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Stopping π<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>1.218±0.014</td><td>32k</td><td>BRYMAN</td><td>86</td><td>CNTR</td><td>Stopping π<sup>+</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>1.273 ±0.028</td><td>11k</td><td><sup>1</sup> DICAPUA</td><td>64</td><td>CNTR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.21 ±0.07</td><td></td><td>ANDERSON</td><td>60</td><td>SPEC</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ DICAPUA 64 has been updated using the current mean life.

$$ \Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu} \gamma)/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{2}/\Gamma $$

Note that measurements here do not cover the full kinematic range.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-4</sup>)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>2.0 ±0.24±0.08</strong></td><td></td><td><sup>1</sup> BRESSI</td><td>98</td><td>CALO +</td><td>Stopping π<sup>+</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>1.24±0.25</td><td>26</td><td>CASTAGNOLI</td><td>58</td><td>EMUL</td><td>KE<sub>μ</sub> &lt; 3.38 MeV</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ BRESSI 98 result is given for $E_\gamma > 1$ MeV only. Result agrees with QED expectation, $2.283 \times 10^{-4}$ and does not confirm discrepancy of earlier experiment CASTAGNOLI 58.

$$ \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e} \gamma)/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{4}/\Gamma $$

The very different values reflect the very different kinematic ranges covered (bigger range, bigger value). And none of them covers the whole kinematic range.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-8</sup>)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>73.86±0.54</strong></td><td>65k</td><td><sup>1</sup> BYCHKOV</td><td>09</td><td>PIBE</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>ν<sub>e</sub> at rest</td></tr><tr><td>• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16.1 ±2.3</td><td></td><td><sup>2</sup> BOLOTOV</td><td>90b</td><td>SPEC</td><td>17 GeV π<sup>-</sup> → e<sup>-</sup>ν<sub>e</sub>γ</td></tr><tr><td>5.6 ±0.7</td><td>226</td><td><sup>3</sup> STETZ</td><td>78</td><td>SPEC</td><td>P<sub>e</sub> > 56 MeV/c</td></tr><tr><td>3.0</td><td>143</td><td>DEPOMMIER</td><td>63b</td><td>CNTR</td><td>(KE)<sub>e+γ</sub> > 48 MeV</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ This BYCHKOV 09 value is for $E_\gamma > 10$ MeV and $\Theta_{e+\gamma} > 40^\circ$.

² BOLOTOV 90b is for $E_\gamma > 21$ MeV, $E_e > 70 - 0.8 E_\gamma$.

³ STETZ 78 is for an $e^-$-$\gamma$ opening angle > 132°. Obtains 3.7 when using same cutoffs as DEPOMMIER 63b.

$$ \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e} \pi^{0})/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{5}/\Gamma $$

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-8</sup>)</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6"><strong>1.036±0.006 OUR AVERAGE</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1.036±0.006</td><td>64k</td><td><sup>1,2</sup> POCANIC</td><td>04</td><td>PIBE +</td><td>π decay at rest</td></tr><tr><td>1.026±0.039</td><td>1224</td><td><sup>3</sup> MCFARLANE</td><td>85</td><td>CNTR +</td><td>Decay in flight</td></tr><tr><td>1.00 ±0.08</td><td>332</td><td>DEPOMMIER</td><td>68</td><td>CNTR +</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.07 ±0.21</td><td>38</td><td><sup>4</sup> BACASTOW</td><td>65</td><td>OSPK +</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.10 ±0.26</td><td></td><td><sup>4</sup> BERTRAM</td><td>65</td><td>OSPK +</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.1 ±0.2</td><td>43</td><td><sup>4</sup> DUNAITSEV</td><td>65</td><td>CNTR +</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.97 ±0.20</td><td>36</td><td><sup>4</sup> BARTLETT</td><td>64</td><td>OSPK +</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>1.15 ±0.22</td><td>52</td><td><sup>4</sup> DEPOMMIER</td><td>63</td><td>CNTR +</td><td>See DEPOMMIER 68</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ POCANIC 04 normalizes to $e^+\nu_e$ decays, using the PDG 2004 value $B(\pi^+ \to e^+\nu_e) = (1.230 \pm 0.004) \times 10^{-4}$. We add their statistical (0.004 $\times 10^{-8}$), systematic (0.004 $\times 10^{-8}$) and systematic error due to the uncertainty of $B(\pi^+ \to e^+\nu_e)$ (0.003 $\times 10^{-8}$) in quadrature.

² This result can be used to calculate $V_{ud}$ from pion beta decay: $V_{ud}^{\text{PIBETA}} = 0.9728 \pm 0.0030$.

³ MCFARLANE 85 combines a measured rate (0.394 ± 0.015)/s with 1982 PDG mean life.

⁴ DEPOMMIER 68 says the result of DEPOMMIER 63 is at least 10% too large because of a systematic error in the $\pi^0$ detection efficiency, and that this may be true of all the previous measurements (also V. Soergel, private communication, 1972).

$$ \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e} e^{+} e^{-})/\Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu}) \quad \Gamma_{6}/\Gamma $$

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-9</sup>)</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>3.2 ±0.5 ±0.2</strong></td><td></td><td>98</td><td>EGLI</td><td>89</td><td>Uses R<sub>pCAC</sub> = 0.068 ± 0.004</td></tr></tbody></table><table><tbody><tr><td>0.46±0.16±0.07</td><td>7</td><td><sup>1</sup> BARANOV</td><td>92</td><td>SPEC</td><td>Stopped π<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 4.8</td><td>90</td><td>KORENCHE...</td><td>76b</td><td>SPEC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;34</td><td>90</td><td>KORENCHE...</td><td>71</td><td>OSPK</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ This measurement by BARANOV 92 is of the structure-dependent part of the decay. The value depends on values assumed for ratios of form factors.

$$ \Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu} \nu_{\bar{\nu}})/\Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{\mu}) \quad \Gamma_{7}/\Gamma $$

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;8.6 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>90</td><td>9.1M</td><td>AGUILAR-AR...</td><td>20A</td><td>SPEC fit E<sub>μ</sub> spectrum</td></tr></tbody></table>

$$ \Gamma(e^{+} \nu_{e} \bar{\nu}_{\bar{\nu}})/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{8}/\Gamma $$

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;1.6 × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td>90</td><td>1.3M</td><td>AGUILAR-AR...</td><td>20A</td><td>SPEC fit E<sub>e</sub> spectrum</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;5 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>90</td><td>PICCIOTTO</td><td>88</td><td>SPEC</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

$$ \Gamma(\mu^{+} \bar{\nu}_{e})/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{9}/\Gamma $$

Forbidden by total lepton number conservation. See the note on "Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons" in the $D_S^+$ Listings.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-3</sup>)</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>&lt;1.5</strong></td><td></td><td>90</td><td><sup>1</sup> COOPER</td><td>82</td><td>HLBC Wideband ν beam</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ COOPER 82 limit on $\bar{\nu}_e$ observation is here interpreted as a limit on lepton number violation.

$$ \Gamma(\mu^{+} \nu_{e})/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{10}/\Gamma $$

Forbidden by lepton family number conservation.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-3</sup>)</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>&lt;8.0</strong></td><td></td><td>90</td><td><sup>1</sup> COOPER</td><td>82</td><td>HLBC Wideband ν beam</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ COOPER 82 limit on $\nu_e$ observation is here interpreted as a limit on lepton family number violation.

$$ \Gamma(\mu^{-} e^{+} e^{+} \gamma)/\Gamma_{\text{total}} \quad \Gamma_{11}/\Gamma $$

Forbidden by lepton family number conservation.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (units 10<sup>-6</sup>)</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>&lt;1.6</strong></td><td></td><td>90</td><td>BARANOV</td><td>91B</td><td>SPEC +</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;7.7</td><td>90</td><td>KORENCHE...</td><td>87</td><td>SPEC +</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

## $\pi^+$ — POLARIZATION OF EMITTED $\mu^+$

$$ \pi^{+} \to \mu^{+} \nu $$

Tests the Lorentz structure of leptonic charged weak interactions.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>EVTS</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>CHG</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;(-0.9959)</td><td>90</td><td><sup>1</sup> FETSCHER</td><td>84</td><td>RVUE +</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>-0.99±0.16</td><td></td><td><sup>2</sup> ABELA</td><td>83</td><td>SPEC -</td><td>μ X-rays</td></tr></tbody></table>

¹ FETSCHER 84 uses only the measurement of CARR 83.

² Sign of measurement reversed in ABELA 83 to compare with $\mu^+$ measurements.

## See the related review(s):

Form Factors for Semileptonic Kaon ($K_{\ell 3}$), Radiative Pion ($\pi_{\ell 2\gamma}$) and Kaon ($K_{\ell 2\gamma}$) Decays