This paper reveals the altitudinal distribution of butterflies of Al-Lazzab reserve in Syria as inferred from the butterflies collected from March to October in 2009 and 2010. 136 species were observed of which a checklist is given. The relationship between the numbers of species, individuals and altitude was analysed. A significant relationship was observed between the altitude and the abundance and richness of butterflies. However, the diversity and evenness index yielded a semi-constant relation in altitude because of existence of a good few species at high altitudes.