# Dataset of air velocity and temperature fields inside an insulated box equipped with phase change material under several operating conditions

Tanathep Leungtongkum, Denis Flick, Nattawut Chaomuang, Alain Denis, Onrawee Laguerre

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

## ► To cite this version:

Tanathep Leungtongkum, Denis Flick, Nattawut Chaomuang, Alain Denis, Onrawee Laguerre. Dataset of air velocity and temperature fields inside an insulated box equipped with phase change material under several operating conditions. Data in Brief, 2023, pp.109934. 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109934. hal-04334831

HAL Id: hal-04334831

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04334831

Submitted on 11 Dec 2023

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Journal Pre-proof

Dataset of air velocity and temperature fields inside an insulated box equipped with phase change material under several operating conditions

Tanathep Leungtongkum, Denis Flick, Nattawut Chaomuang, Alain Denis, Onrawee Laguerre

PII: S2352-3409(23)00966-6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109934

Reference: DIB 109934

To appear in: *Data in Brief*

Received date: 25 August 2023

Revised date: 19 November 2023

Accepted date: 4 December 2023

Please cite this article as: Tanathep Leungtongkum, Denis Flick, Nattawut Chaomuang, Alain Denis, Onrawee Laguerre, Dataset of air velocity and temperature fields inside an insulated box equipped with phase change material under several operating conditions, *Data in Brief* (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109934

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
**Article information**

**Article title**

Dataset of air velocity and temperature fields inside an insulated box equipped with phase change material under several operating conditions

**Authors**

Tanathep Leungtongkum<sup>a, b*</sup>, Denis Flick<sup>b</sup>, Nattawut Chaomuang<sup>c</sup>, Alain Denis<sup>a</sup> and Onrawee Laguerre<sup>a</sup>

**Affiliations**

<sup>a</sup>Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, FRISE, 92761, Antony, France

<sup>b</sup>Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91120 Palaiseau, France

<sup>c</sup>Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand 10520

**Corresponding author's email address and Twitter handle**

Tanathep.leungtongkum@inrae.fr

**Keywords**

Heat Transfer, Airflow, Insulated Box, Phase Change Material, Food Cold Chain

**Abstract**

This article contains a description of protocol to measure air velocity field (by Particle Image Velocimetry - PIV) and temperature field (by T-type thermocouples) in an insulated box equipped with Phase Change Material (PCM) of melting point 0°C. The influence of various conditions was studied: i) PCM position (at sidewall and at top), ii) aspect ratio of the box (height/width ~ 1 and 1.7), iii) ambient temperature (10°C, 20°C and 30°C), iv) test product initial temperature (4°C and 10°C) and vi) spacing beneath the load (0 mm and 20 mm). This article is related to a published research paper, it provides the dataset of all experiments which can be useful for experimenter to understand the phenomena and for expert in numerical model to validate the developed model e.g., by Computational Fluid Dynamic.

**Specifications table**

<table><tr><td><strong>Subject</strong></td><td>Bioengineering</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Specific subject area</strong></td><td>Air velocity and temperature fields measured in an empty and loaded insulated box with cold source generated by Phase Change Material</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Type of data</td><td>Table<br>Image<br>Graph<br>MATLAB code<br>Dataset</td></tr><tr><td>How the data were acquired</td><td>Air velocity measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)<br>Temperature measured by calibrated thermocouples T-Type.</td></tr><tr><td>Data format</td><td>Raw<br>Analysed</td></tr><tr><td>Description of data collection</td><td>Air velocity (at middle plane and lateral plane) and temperature (at middle plane) in insulated boxes equipped with PCM (melting point 0°C) under various conditions:<ul><li>PCM position (at sidewall and at top),</li><li>aspect ratio of box (height/width = 1 and 1.7),</li><li>ambient temperature (10°C, 20°C and 30°C),</li><li>test product (Tylose, TYL) initial temperature (4°C and 10°C)</li><li>space beneath the load (0 mm and 20 mm).</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Data source location</td><td><ul><li>INRAE (FRISE Research unit)</li><li>Antony</li><li>France</li></ul></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Data accessibility</td><td>With the article<br>Repository name: Mendeley Data<br>Data identification number:<br>10.17632/ggmkzk634h.1<br>10.17632/sz5dgkz7k8.1<br>Direct URL to data:<br>https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ggmkzk634h/1<br>https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/sz5dgkz7k8/1<br>Repository name: GitHub<br>Data identification number:<br>10.5281/zenodo.6900688<br>Direct URL to data:<br>https://github.com/Tanathepl/Temperature-contour.git</td></tr><tr><td>Related research article</td><td>Leungtongkum, T., Flick, D., Chaomuang, N., Denis, A., & Laguerre, O. (2023). Influence of use conditions on heat transfer in an insulated box equipped with a phase change material. Journal of Food Engineering, 357, 111644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111644</td></tr></table>

## Value of the data

* The presented data (air velocity, temperature and product temperature) allow the understanding of the physical phenomena (heat transfer and airflow) in a closed cavity with a cold source.

* These data are rare in literature because of the difficulty in measuring low air velocity in food transport in an insulated box. It requires an appropriate experimental setup.

* Data would be useful for understanding phenomena, insulated box design and optimal operating conditions to maintain product temperature at a recommended value along the supply chain.

* Data can be used to compare with the results of numerical models.

## 1. Data description

Data presented in this article include raw data of air velocity and temperature measurement, figures of air velocity field and temperature contour field in an insulated box equipped with a Phase Change Material (PCM) under various PCM position, aspect ratio of the box, ambient
temperature, initial load temperature (test product, Tylose) and space beneath the load. Table 1 summarizes 10 experimental conditions presented in this article and their corresponding figures.

<table><caption>Table 1 Experimental conditions</caption><thead><tr><th>Condition</th><th>Pictogram</th><th>PCM position</th><th>Aspect ratio (height/width)</th><th>Ambient temperature (°C)</th><th>Initial load temperature (°C)</th><th>Spacing beneath load (mm)</th><th>Corresponding figures</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>20°C<br>4°C</td><td>Side wall</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>20°C<br>4°C</td><td>Top</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>20°C<br>4°C</td><td>Side wall</td><td>1.7</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>20°C<br>4°C</td><td>Side wall</td><td>1.0</td><td>30</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>4 and 5</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>10°C<br>4°C</td><td>Top</td><td>1.0</td><td>10</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>10°C<br>4°C</td><td>Top</td><td>1.0</td><td>30</td><td>4</td><td>20</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>20°C<br>6°C</td><td>Side wall</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>10</td><td>20</td><td>8 and 9</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>20°C<br>10°C</td><td>Top</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>10</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>9</td><td>30°C<br/>4°C</td><td>Side wall</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>30°C<br/>4°C</td><td>Top</td><td>1.0</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>12</td></tr></table>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

The air velocity component, its magnitude and uncertainty of measurement under these conditions are shown in Dataset 1: Air velocity in an insulated box (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ggmkzk634h/1)

The average temperature in the insulated box under these conditions are shown in Dataset 2: Average temperature in an insulated box (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/sz5dgkz7k8/1)

The temperature contour field was drawn via MATLAB by interpolating the measured temperature at 30 positions during stable conditions. The codes of this drawing are shown in Tanathepl/Temperature-contour (https://github.com/Tanathepl/Temperature-contour.git)

The air velocity field at X = 15 mm in a loaded horizontal box (aspect ratio ~ 1) with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 1) are shown in Figure 1. Air velocity and temperature fields at X = 250 mm are not shown here, they can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 2a and 2a').
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1: Air velocity field at X = 15 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below. Note: unmeasured air velocity in white areas on the right can be explained by the refraction from PCM surface behind the laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field at X = 15 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 2) are shown in Figure 2. Air velocity and temperature fields at X = 250 mm are not shown here, they can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 2b and 2b').
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2: Air velocity field at X = 15 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field at X = 20 mm in a loaded vertical box (aspect ratio = 1.7) with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 3) are shown in Figure 3. Air velocity and temperature fields at X = 250 mm are not shown here, they can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 2c and 2c').
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3: Air velocity field at X = 20 mm in a loaded vertical box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below</figcaption></figure>
The air velocity and temperature fields at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 30°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 4) are shown in Figure 4 and 5.

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>Figure 4: Air velocity field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 30°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below. White area on the right represents the unmeasurable zone because of the inaccessibility of laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>Figure 5: Air temperature field and core temperature of test product (°C) at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 30°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 10°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 5) are shown in Figure 6. Temperature field at X = 250 mm are shown in Figures 3a of Leungtongkum et al. [1].
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Figure 6: Air velocity field on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 10°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below. White area on the right represents the unmeasurable zone because of the inaccessibility of laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 30°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 6) are shown in Figure 7. Temperature field at X = 250 mm are shown in Figures 3c of Leungtongkum et al. [1].
<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>Figure 7: Air velocity field on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 30°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below. White area on the right represents the unmeasurable zone because of the inaccessibility of laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field and temperature field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 10°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 7) are shown in Figure 8 and 9.
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Figure 8: Air velocity field on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 10°C with 20 mm gap below. White area on the right represents the unmeasurable zone because of the inaccessibility of laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>Figure 9: Air temperature field and core temperature of test product (°C) on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 10°C with 20 mm gap below</figcaption></figure>

The air velocity field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 10°C with 20 mm gap below (condition 8) are shown in Figure 10. Temperature field at X = 250 mm are not shown here, it can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 3d).
<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>Figure 10: Air velocity field on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 10°C with 20 mm gap below. White area on the right represents the unmeasurable zone because of the inaccessibility of laser sheet.</figcaption></figure>

The temperature field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C without gap below (condition 9) are shown in Figure 11. Air velocity field at X = 250 mm are shown not shown here, it can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 4d).
<figure><img src="image_16.png" /><figcaption>Figure 11: Air temperature field and core temperature of test product (°C) on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C without gap below</figcaption></figure>

The temperature field at X = 250 mm in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C without gap below (condition 10) are shown in Figure 12. Air velocity field at X = 250 mm are not shown here, it can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [1] (Figures 4b).
<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Figure 12: Air temperature field and core temperature of test product (°C) on the middle plane in a loaded horizontal box with PCM at the top under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C without gap below</figcaption></figure>

## 2. Experimental design, materials and methods

The material and methods described in detailed in Leungtongkum et al. [2] are shown succinctly below.

### 2.1 Material

The details of material and experimental setup description can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [2].

### 2.2 Thermal study

The box was loaded with 16 test product packs initially at 4°C or 10°C and a PCM slab initially at -2°C. The temperature measurement of product, air, internal wall and PCM was carried out with 34 thermocouples (T-type thermocouples) at the middle plane (x = 250 mm). The diagram showing thermocouples positions is in Figure 1 of Leungtongkum et al. [1]. The measurement
started after the box closing until complete PCM melted without the box opening during the experiment during which the temperatures were recorded continuously (every 30 s) using Agilent 34972A data acquisition unit (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). The results of the stabilization period ranging from 400 min. to 600 min. were analyzed and compared. This period was chosen based on temperature variations were less than 0.3°C for all conditions. The temperature contour map was drawn by MATLAB with interpolation. More details of experimental setup for temperature measurement can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [2].

Figure 13 shows an example of temperature evolution at the bottom of a loaded horizontal box with PCM on a sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C (condition 1). The average temperatures calculated from 400 min to 600 min were shown in Figures 5, 9, 11 and 12 to present the temperature field in stable condition.

Period of average temperature calculation

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>Figure 13: Temperature evolution at the bottom of a loaded horizontal box with PCM at sidewall under 20°C ambient, product initial temperature = 4°C with 20 mm gap below.</figcaption></figure>

## 2.3 Airflow study

### 2.3.1 Instrumentation

The PIV device is constituted of three parts: a double-pulsed Nd:YLF laser (527 nm wavelength, 10 mJ pulse energy), a high-speed 12-bit CMOS video camera (Photron, FASTCAM SA3; 1024 × 1024 pixels in resolution) fitted with a lens (Sigma; 105 mm, f/1:2.8) and a programmable timing unit (PTU-X) to guarantee synchronization of the laser and the camera. Visualization of the airflow pattern is possible by the scattering of smoke particle during laser pulses. Oil-based particles (mean diameter 0.3 µm) were generated using a smoke machine (Antari, F-80Z). More detail on PIV system can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [2].

More details of image acquisition, image post-processing and experimental protocol can be found in Leungtongkum et al. [2].
**Ethics Statement**

This work did not involve human subjects, animal experiments and data collected from social media platforms.

**CRediT author statement**

**Tanathep Leungtongkum:** Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing - Original Draft Preparation and Visualization
**Denis Flick:** Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing - Review & Editing and Supervision

**Chaomuang:** Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing - Original Draft Preparation, Visualization and Funding acquisition

**Alain Denis:** Investigation and Software **Onrawee Laguerre:** Validation, Formal analysis, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project Administration, Funding acquisition.

**Acknowledgments**

King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand (contract no. KREF156402), French Embassy in Thailand, and the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, France are gratefully acknowledged for their financial support. The first author, T. Leungtongkum, would also like to thank the Office of the Civil Service Commission of Thailand and Chulalongkorn University, Thailand for the award of his PhD scholarship. Thanks to LaVision for PIV technical support.

**References**

[1] T. Leungtongkum, D. Flick, N. Chaomuang, A. Denis, and O. Laguerre, "Influence of use conditions on heat transfer in an insulated box equipped with a phase change material," *J. Food Eng.*, vol. 357, p. 111644, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111644.

[2] T. Leungtongkum, O. Laguerre, D. Flick, A. Denis, S. Duret, and N. Chaomuang, "Dataset of experimental study investigation of airflow and heat transfer in an insulated box equipped with a phase change material," *Data Brief*, vol. 45, p. 108696, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108696.

[3] Y. Cengel and A. Ghajar, *Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications*, 5th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.

[4] T. L. Bergman, A. S. Lavine, F. P. Incropera, and D. P. DeWitt, *Introduction to Heat Transfer*. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

[5] B. A. Younglove and H. J. M. Hanley, "The Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients of Gaseous and Liquid Argon," *J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data*, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1323-1337, Oct. 1986, doi: 10.1063/1.555765.

[6] ATP, *Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for Such Carriage: (ATP) as amended 6 July 2020*. United Nations, 2020. doi: 10.18356/6fa10b27-en.

[7] B. Wieneke, "PIV uncertainty quantification from correlation statistics," *Meas. Sci. Technol.*, vol. 26, no. 7, p. 074002, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/26/7/074002.
**Declaration of interests**

[x] The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

[ ] The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: