# Gauge & Higgs Boson Particle Listings

## New Heavy Bosons

<table><tbody><tr><td>none 200-760</td><td>95</td><td>102 AAD</td><td>12BB ATLS</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>103 AAD</td><td>12CK ATLS</td><td>W' → τq</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">&gt;2550</td><td rowspan="5">95</td><td>104 AAD</td><td>12CR ATLS</td><td>W' → eν, μν</td></tr><tr><td>105 AAD</td><td>12M ATLS</td><td>W' → Nℓ → ℓℓjj</td></tr><tr><td>106 AALTONEN</td><td>12N CDF</td><td>W' → τq</td></tr><tr><td>107 CHATRCHYAN 12AF CMS</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td>108 CHATRCHYAN 12BG CMS</td><td>W' → τq</td></tr><tr><td>none 200-1143</td><td>95</td><td>102 CHATRCHYAN 12AF CMS</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>107 CHATRCHYAN 12AR CMS</td><td>W' → τq</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>108 CHATRCHYAN 12BG CMS</td><td>W' → Nℓ → ℓℓjj</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1120</td><td>95</td><td>AALTONEN</td><td>11C CDF</td><td>W' → eν</td></tr><tr><td>none 180-690</td><td>95</td><td>109 ABAZOV</td><td>11H D0</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 600-863</td><td>95</td><td>110 ABAZOV</td><td>11L D0</td><td>W' → tb</td></tr><tr><td>none 285-516</td><td>95</td><td>111 AALTONEN</td><td>10N CDF</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 280-840</td><td>95</td><td>112 AALTONEN</td><td>09AC CDF</td><td>W' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1000</td><td>95</td><td>ABAZOV</td><td>08C D0</td><td>W' → eν</td></tr><tr><td>none 300-800</td><td>95</td><td>ABAZOV</td><td>04C D0</td><td>W' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 225-536</td><td>95</td><td>113 ACOSTA</td><td>03B CDF</td><td>W' → tb</td></tr><tr><td>none 200-480</td><td>95</td><td>114 AFFOLDER</td><td>02C CDF</td><td>W' → WZ</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 786</td><td>95</td><td>115 AFFOLDER</td><td>01I CDF</td><td>W' → eν, μν</td></tr><tr><td>none 300-420</td><td>95</td><td>116 ABE</td><td>97G CDF</td><td>W' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 720</td><td>95</td><td>117 ABACHI</td><td>96C D0</td><td>W' → eν</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 610</td><td>95</td><td>118 ABACHI</td><td>95E D0</td><td>W' → eν, τν</td></tr><tr><td>none 260-600</td><td>95</td><td>119 RIZZO</td><td>93 RVUE</td><td>W' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 23AH search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3 produced mainly via Drell-Yan.

2 AAD 23CC search for resonances decaying to $tb$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for right-handed $W'$ assuming a $W'$ coupling equal to the SM W coupling. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 4200 GeV for left-handed $W'$. See their Figs. 12 and 13 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

3 AAD 23L1 perform a generic search for resonances with events containing a Z decaying into $e^+e^-$ or $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 6, 7, 8 for model independent limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ for Gaussian-shaped resonances. The limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ decaying to WZ with $g_V$ = 3 as well as with $g_V$ = 1.

4 AAD 23O search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2950 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

5 TUMASYAN 23AP search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 4.8 TeV assuming $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$ and combining $W' \to WZ, W' \to WH, Z' \to WW, Z' \to ZH$ channels.

6 TUMASYAN 23AP search for resonances decaying to WH in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 4.8 TeV assuming $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$ and combining $W' \to WZ, W' \to WH, Z' \to WW, Z' \to ZH$ channels.

7 TUMASYAN 23AW search for SSM $W'$ resonance decaying to $\tau\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $W-W'$ interference and bosonic decays of $W'$ are not included. See their Fig. 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

8 TUMASYAN 22AC search for $W'$ with SM-like couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The diboson decays of $W'$ are assumed to be suppressed. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

9 TUMASYAN 22D search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3 produced mainly via Drell-Yan.

10 TUMASYAN 22J search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3, produced mainly via Drell-Yan. See their Fig. 9 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

11 TUMASYAN 22R search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ produced mainly via Drell-Yan. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

12 SIRUNYAN 21Y search for resonances decaying to $tb$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ ($W' \to tb$).

13 AAD 20AJ search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2900 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. See their Fig. 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

14 AAD 20AT search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 3900 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. See their Fig. 13 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

15 AAD 20T search for $W'$ with SM-like couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4(c) for limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, and branching fraction.

16 SIRUNYAN 20AI limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.

17 SIRUNYAN 20Q search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3.

18 AABOUD 19E search for right-handed $W'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

19 AAD 19C search for $W'$ with SM-like couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. Bosonic decays and $W-W'$ interference are neglected. The limits on $e$ and $\mu$ separately are 6.0 and 5.1 TeV respectively. See their Fig. 2 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

20 AAD 19D search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 3400 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. If we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}$ > 3800 GeV and $M_{W'}$ > 3500 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $g_V$ = 1, respectively. See their Fig. 9 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

21 SIRUNYAN 19AY limits shown for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $W-W'$ interference and bosonic decays of $W'$ are not included. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$. Limits in the context of a nonuniversal gauge interaction are shown in Fig. 7. Model independent limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ can be seen in Fig. 8.

22 SIRUNYAN 19CP present a statistical combinations of searches for $W'$ decaying to pairs of bosons or leptons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. If we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$, the limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 4500 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $M_{W'}$ > 5000 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

23 SIRUNYAN 19I search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2800 GeV if we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$.

24 AABOUD 18AF give the limit above for right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. These limits also exclude W bosons with left-handed couplings with masses below 2.9 TeV, at the 95% confidence level. $W' \to \ell\nu R$ is assumed to be forbidden. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ for both cases of left- and right-handed $W'$.

25 AABOUD 18AI search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2670 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. If we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}$ > 2930 GeV and $M_{W'}$ > 2800 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $g_V$ = 1, respectively. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

26 AABOUD 18AK search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2800 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

27 AABOUD 18AL search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2900 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

28 AABOUD 18BG limit is for $W'$ with SM-like couplings using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. Bosonic decays of $W'$ and $W-W'$ interference are neglected. See Fig. 2 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

29 AABOUD 18CH search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2260 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

30 AABOUD 18F search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 3000 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. If we assume $M_{Z'}$ = $M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}$ > 3500 GeV and $M_{W'}$ > 3100 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $g_V$ = 1, respectively. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

31 AABOUD 18K limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $W-W'$ interference and bosonic decays of $W'$ are not included. See their Fig. 4 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

32 SIRUNYAN 18 limit is for right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $W' \to \ell\nu R$ decay is assumed to be forbidden. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 3.4 TeV if $M_{W'}$ ≪ $M_{W'}$. See their Fig. 5 for exclusion limits on $W'$ models having both left- and right-handed couplings.

33 SIRUNYAN 18AX search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

34 SIRUNYAN 18AZ limit is derived for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. No interference with SM W process is considered. The bosonic decays are assumed to be negligible. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

35 SIRUNYAN 18BK search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 3100 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

36 SIRUNYAN 18BO limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.

37 SIRUNYAN 18DJ search for resonances decaying to WZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 2270 GeV for $g_V$ = 1.

38 SIRUNYAN 18ED search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. If we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}$ > 2900 GeV and $M_{W'}$ > 2800 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $g_V$ = 1, respectively.

39 SIRUNYAN 18R give this limit for a heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. If they assume $M_{Z'}$ = $M_{W'}$, the limit increases to $M_{W'}$ > 3800 GeV.

40 AABOUD 17AK search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit above is for a $W'$ boson having axial-axial SM couplings and decaying to quarks with 75% branching fraction.

41 AABOUD 17AO search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a $W'$ in the heavy-vector-triplet model with $g_V$ = 3. See their Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

42 AABOUD 17B search for resonances decaying to HW ($H \to b\bar{b}, c\bar{c}; W \to \ell\nu$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$ = 3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}$ > 1750 GeV for $g_V$ = 1. If we assume $M_{W'}$ = $M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}$ > 2310 GeV and $M_{W'}$ > 1730 GeV for $g_V$ = 3 and $g_V$ = 1, respectively. See their Fig.3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

43 KHACHATRYAN 17J search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\tau$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N_\tau$, with $N_\tau$ decaying into $\tau jj$. The quoted limit is for $M_{N_\tau} = M_{W_R}/2$. The limit becomes $M_{W_R}$ > 2350 GeV (1630 GeV) for $M_{W_R}/M_{N_\tau}$ = 0.8 (0.2). See their Fig. 4 for excluded regions in the $M_{W_R}-M_{N_\tau}$ plane.

44 KHACHATRYAN 17W search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.

45 KHACHATRYAN 17Z limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The bosonic decays of $W'$ and the interference with SM W process are neglected.

46 SIRUNYAN 17A search for resonances decaying to WZ with $WZ \to \ell\nu q\bar{q}, q\bar{q}q\bar{q}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V$
3. The limit becomes $M_{W'}' > 2000$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W''}$, the limit increases $M_{W''} > 2400$ GeV and $M_{W'}' > 2300$ GeV for $g_V = \frac{3}{5}$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

47 SIRUNYAN 17AK search for resonances decaying to WZ or HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ and 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{W'}' > 2300$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{W'} = M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{W'}' > 2400$ GeV for both $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$. See their Fig.1 and 2 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

48 SIRUNYAN 17H search for right-handed $W'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W'$ is assumed to decay into $\tau$ and a heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying to $\tau q \bar{q}$. The limit above assumes $M_N = M_{W'}/2$.

49 SIRUNYAN 17I limit is for a right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit becomes $M_{W'}' > 2400$ GeV for $M_{\nu_R} \ll M_{W'}'$.

50 SIRUNYAN 17R search for resonances decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V = 3$. Mass regions $M_{W'}' < 2370$ GeV and $2870 < M_{W'}' < 2970$ GeV are excluded for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}'$, the excluded mass regions are 1000 < $M_{W'}' < 2500$ GeV and $2760 < M_{W'}' < 3300$ GeV for $g_V = 3$; 1000 < $M_{W'}' < 2430$ GeV and $2810 < M_{W'}' < 3130$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

51 AABOUD 16AE search for resonances decaying to VV ($V = W$ or $Z$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Results from $\nu\nu qq, \ell\ell qq, \ell\ell qq$ and $qqqq$ final states are combined. The quoted limit is for a heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V = 3$ and $M_{W'} = M_{Z'}$.

52 AABOUD 16v limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The bosonic decays of $W'$ and the interference with SM process are neglected.

53 AAD 16R search for $W' \to WZ$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. $\ell\ell\ell'\ell' \to q\bar{q}\bar{q}, \ell\ell q\bar{q}$, and all hadronic channels are combined. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

54 AAD 16S search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for a $W'$ having SM-like couplings to quarks.

55 KHACHATRYAN 16AO limit is for a SM-like right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit combines $t \to qqb$ and $t \to \ell\nu b$ events.

56 KHACHATRYAN 16AP search for a resonance decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Both $H$ and $W$ are assumed to decay to fat jets. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V = 3$.

57 KHACHATRYAN 16BD search for resonance decaying to HW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet (HVT) $W'$ with $g_V = 3$. The HVT model $m_W = m_{Z'} > 1.8$ TeV is also obtained by combining $W'/Z' \to WH/ZH \to \ell\nu b\bar{b}, q\bar{q}\tau, q\bar{q}b$ and $qqqqqq$ channels.

58 KHACHATRYAN 16K search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

59 KHACHATRYAN 16L search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the data scouting technique, increasing the sensitivity to the low mass resonances.

60 KHACHATRYAN 16O limit is for $W'$ having universal couplings. Interferences with the SM amplitudes are assumed to be absent.

61 AAD 15AU search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to q\bar{q}'$, $Z \to \ell^+\ell^-$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

62 AAD 15AV limit is for a SM like right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. $W' \to \ell\nu$ decay is assumed to be forbidden.

63 AAD 15AZ search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to \ell\nu$, $Z \to q\bar{q}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

64 AAD 15CP search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to q\bar{q}$, $Z \to q\bar{q}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

65 AAD 15R limit is for a SM like right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. $W' \to \ell\nu$ decay is assumed to be forbidden.

66 AAD 15V search for new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

67 KHACHATRYAN 15C search for $W'$ decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = M_W/M_{Z'}/M_{W'}^2$.

68 KHACHATRYAN 15T limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling which interferes the SM W boson constructively using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. For $W'$ without interference, the limit becomes > 3280 GeV.

69 KHACHATRYAN 14O search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying into $\ell jj$. The quoted limit is for $M_{\nu_e R} = M_{\nu_{\mu R}} = M_{W_R}/2$. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 for excluded regions in the $M_{W_R} - M_{\nu}$ plane.

70 AAD 23BF search for $W'$ decaying to $WZ'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The mass difference between $W'$ and $Z'$ is assumed to be 250 GeV. See their Fig. 9(a) for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ as a function of $M_{W'}$.

71 AAD 23CG search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying into $\ell jj$. See their Fig. 9 for limits in $M_N - m_{W_R}$ plane.

72 AAD 23CK search for a new resonance decaying to HX ($H \to b\bar{d}, X \to q\bar{q}'$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

73 AAD 23U search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to $W\gamma$. See their Fig. 8(d) for the exclusion limit in $M_{W'} - \sigma \cdot B$ plane.

74 TUMASYAN 22 search for KK excited W decaying in cascade to three W via a scalar radion $R$. See their Fig. 4 for limits in $M_{W'} - M_R$ plane.

75 TUMASYAN 22AL search for resonances decaying to $tB$ or $bT$ with vector-like quarks $B(T)$ subsequently decaying to $bH$ or $bZ$ ($tH$ or $tZ$). See their Fig. 7 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

76 TUMASYAN 22B search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to $W\gamma$. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

77 TUMASYAN 22I search for KK excited W decaying in cascade to three W via a scalar radion $R$. See their Fig. 10 for limits in $M_{W'} - M_R$ plane.

78 TUMASYAN 22P search for right handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying to $\ell jj$. See their Fig. 7 for excluded regions in $M_{W_R} - M_N$ plane.

79 AAD 20AD search for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of large-radius-jets $J_1$ and $J_2$ employing a machine-learning procedure. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ depending on assumptions about invariant masses for $J_1, J_2$, and $J_1 J_2$.

80 AAD 20W search for $W'$ decaying to $WZ'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 5(b) for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ as a function of $m_{Z'}$. The $W' \to WZ'$ branching fraction was chosen to be 0.5 and the mass difference between the $W'$ and $Z'$ was set to 250 GeV.

81 AABOUD 19B search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying to $\ell jj$. See their Figs. 7 and 8 for excluded regions in $M_{W_R} - M_N$ plane.

82 AABOUD 19BB search for right handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and a boosted hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying to $\ell$ and a large radius jet $j = q\bar{q}$. See their Fig. 7 for excluded regions in $M_{W_R} - M_N$ plane.

83 SIRUNYAN 19V search for a new resonance decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like bottom partner $B$ decaying to $Hb$ (or a bottom quark and a heavy vector-like top partner $T$ decaying to $Ht$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

84 AABOUD 18AA search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to $W\gamma$. See their Fig. 9 for the exclusion limit in $M_{W'} - \sigma B$ plane.

85 AABOUD 18AD search for resonances decaying to $HX(H \to b\bar{d}, X \to q\bar{q}')$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Figs. 3-5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

86 AABOUD 18CJ search for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for model with $g_V = 3$ assuming $M_{W'} = M_{Z'}$. The limit becomes $M_{W'} > 5500$ GeV for model with $g_V = 1$.

87 SIRUNYAN 18CV search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying to $\ell jj$. The quoted limit is for $M_N = M_{W_R}/2$. See their Fig. 6 for excluded regions in the $M_{W_R} - M_N$ plane.

88 KHACHATRYAN 17U search for resonances decaying to HW ($H \to b\bar{d}; W \to \ell\nu$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit on the heavy-vector-triplet model is $M_{Z'} = M_{W'} > 2$ TeV for $g_V = 3$, in which constraints from the $Z' \to HZ(H \to b\bar{d}; Z \to \ell^+\ell^-; \nu\tau)$ are combined. See their Fig.3 and Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

89 AAD 15BB search for $W'$ decaying into $WH$ with $W \to \ell\nu, H \to b\bar{d}$. See their Fig. 4 for the exclusion limits in the heavy vector triplet benchmark model parameter space.

90 AALTONEN 15C limit is for a SM-like right-handed $W'$ assuming $W' \to \ell\nu$ decays are forbidden, using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limit on $g_{W'}W/\delta g_W$.

91 KHACHATRYAN 15V search new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

92 AAD 14AT search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to $W\gamma$. See their Fig. 3a for the exclusion limit in $m_{W'} - \sigma B$ plane.

93 AAD 14S search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to \ell\nu, Z \to \ell\ell$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

94 KHACHATRYAN 14 search for $W'$ decaying into WZ final state with $W \to q\bar{q}$, $Z \to q\bar{q}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

95 KHACHATRYAN 14A search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to \ell\nu$, $Z \to q\bar{q}$, or $W \to q\bar{q}$, $Z \to \ell\ell$, pp collisions data at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV are used for the search. See their Fig. 13 for the exclusion limit on the number of events in the mass-width plane.

96 AAD 13AO search for $W'$ decaying into the WZ final state with $W \to \ell\nu, Z \to 2j$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

97 CHATRCHYAN 13AJ search for resonances decaying to WZ pair, using the hadronic decay modes of $W$ and $Z$, in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. See their Fig. 7 for the limit on the cross section.

98 CHATRCHYAN 13AQ limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling which interferes with the SM W boson using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV.

99 CHATRCHYAN 13E limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling which interferes with the SM W boson using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. For $W'$ with right-handed coupling, the bound becomes >1850 GeV (>1910 GeV) if $W'$ decays to both leptons and quarks (only to quarks). If both left- and right-handed couplings are present, the limit becomes >1640 GeV.

100 CHATRCHYAN 13U search for $W'$ decaying to the WZ final state, with $W$ decaying into jets, in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

101 The AAD 12AV quoted limit is for a SM-like right-handed $W'$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. $W' \to \ell\nu$ decay is assumed to be forbidden.

102 AAD 12BB use pp collisions data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{W'}WZ/\delta W WZ = (M_W/M_{W'})^2$.

103 AAD 12CK search for $pp \to tW'$, $W' \to \bar{t}q$ events in pp collisions. See their Fig. 5 for the limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

104 AAD 12CR use pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV.

105 AAD 12M search for right-handed $W_R$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutrino $N$, with $N$ decaying into $\ell jj$. See their Fig. 4 for the limit in the $m_N - m_{W'}$ plane.

106 AALTONEN 12N search for $p\bar{p} \to tW'$, $W' \to \bar{t}d$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions. See their Fig. 3 for the limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.
# Gauge & Higgs Boson Particle Listings
## New Heavy Bosons

107 CHATRCHYAN 12AR search for $pp \to tW'$, $W' \to \bar{t}d$ events in $pp$ collisions. See their Fig. 2 for the limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

108 CHATRCHYAN 126G search for right-handed $W_R$ in $pp$ collisions $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. $W_R$ is assumed to decay into $\ell$ and hypothetical heavy neutral $N$, with $N$ decaying into $\ell jj$. See their Fig. 3 for the limit in the $m_N - m_W'$ plane.

109 ABAZOV 11H use data from $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. The quoted limit is obtained assuming $W'WZ$ coupling strength is the same as the ordinary $WWZ$ coupling strength in the Standard Model.

110 ABAZOV 11L limit is for $W'$ with SM-like coupling which interferes with the SM $W$ boson, using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. For $W'$ with right-handed coupling, the bound becomes >885 GeV (>890 GeV) if $W'$ decays to both leptons and quarks (only to quarks). If both left- and right-handed couplings present, the limit becomes >916 GeV.

111 AALTONEN 10N use $p\bar{p}$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $g_{WW'WZ}/g_{WWZW} = (M_W/M_W')^2$. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

112 AALTONEN 09AC search for new particle decaying to dijets using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV.

113 The ACOSTA 03B quoted limit is for $M_{W'} \gg M_{\nu_R}$, using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV. For $M_{W'} < M_{\nu_R}$, $M_{W'}$ between 225 and 566 GeV is excluded.

114 The quoted limit is obtained assuming $W'WZ$ coupling strength is the same as the ordinary $WWZ$ coupling strength in the Standard Model, using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV. See their Fig. 2 for the limits on the production cross sections as a function of the $W'$ width.

115 AFFOLDER 01I combine a new bound on $W' \to e\nu$ of 754 GeV, using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV, with the bound of ABE 00 on $W' \to \mu\nu$ to obtain quoted bound.

116 ABE 97G search for new particle decaying to dijets using $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV.

117 For bounds on $W_R$ with nonzero right-handed mass, see Fig. 5 from ABACHI 96C.

118 ABACHI 95E assume that the decay $W' \to WZ$ is suppressed and that the neutrino from $W'$ decay is stable and has a mass significantly less $m_{W'}$.

## $W_R$ (Right-Handed W Boson) MASS LIMITS

Assuming a light right-handed neutrino, except for BEALL 82, LANGACKER 89B, and COLANGELO 91. $g_R = g_L$ assumed. [Limits in the section MASS LIMITS for $W'$ below are also valid for $W_R$ if $m_{W_R} \ll m_{W_R}$.] Some limits assume manifest left-right symmetry, i.e., the equality of left- and right Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices. For a comprehensive review, see LANGACKER 89B. Limits on the $W_L-W_R$ mixing angle $\zeta$ are found in the next section. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt; 592</td><td>90</td><td>1 BUENO</td><td>11</td><td>TWST &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 715</td><td>90</td><td>2 CZAKON</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 235</td><td>90</td><td>3 PRIEELS</td><td>14</td><td>PIE3 &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 245</td><td>90</td><td>4 WAUTERS</td><td>10</td><td>CNTR 60<sub>C</sub> &beta; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2500</td><td>90</td><td>5 ZHANG</td><td>08</td><td>THEO m<sub>K<sub>L</sub></sub><sup>0</sup> - m<sub>K<sub>S</sub></sub><sup>0</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 180</td><td>90</td><td>6 MELCONIAN</td><td>07</td><td>CNTR 37<sub>K</sub> &beta;<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 290.7</td><td>90</td><td>7 SCHUMANN</td><td>07</td><td>CNTR Polarized neutron decay</td></tr><tr><td>[&gt; 3300]</td><td>95</td><td>8 CYBURT</td><td>05</td><td>COSM Nucleosynthesis; light &nu;<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 310</td><td>90</td><td>9 THOMAS</td><td>01</td><td>CNTR &beta;<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 137</td><td>95</td><td>10 ACKERSTAFF</td><td>99D</td><td>OPAL &tau; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1400</td><td>68</td><td>11 BARENOIM</td><td>98</td><td>RVUE Electroweak, Z-Z' mixing</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 549</td><td>68</td><td>12 BARENOIM</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 220</td><td>95</td><td>13 STAHL</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE &tau; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 220</td><td>90</td><td>14 ALLET</td><td>96</td><td>CNTR &beta;<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 281</td><td>95</td><td>15 KUZNETSOV</td><td>95</td><td>CNTR Polarized neutron decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 282</td><td>90</td><td>16 KUZNETSOV</td><td>94B</td><td>CNTR Polarized neutron decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 439</td><td>90</td><td>17 BHATTACH...</td><td>93</td><td>RVUE Z-Z' mixing</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 250</td><td>90</td><td>18 SEVERIJNS</td><td>93</td><td>CNTR &beta;<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 475</td><td>90</td><td>19 IMAZATO</td><td>92</td><td>CNTR K<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 240</td><td>90</td><td>20 POLAK</td><td>92B</td><td>RVUE &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 496</td><td>90</td><td>21 AQUINO</td><td>91</td><td>RVUE Neutron decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 700</td><td>90</td><td>21 AQUINO</td><td>91</td><td>RVUE Neutron and muon decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 477</td><td>90</td><td>22 COLANGELO</td><td>91</td><td>THEO m<sub>K<sub>L</sub></sub><sup>0</sup> - m<sub>K<sub>S</sub></sub><sup>0</sup></td></tr><tr><td>[none 540-23000]</td><td></td><td>23 POLAK</td><td>91</td><td>RVUE &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 300</td><td>90</td><td>24 BARBIERI</td><td>89B</td><td>ASTR SN 1987A; light &nu;<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 160</td><td>90</td><td>25 LANGACKER</td><td>89B</td><td>RVUE General</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 406</td><td>90</td><td>26 BALKE</td><td>88</td><td>CNTR &mu; &rarr; e&nu;&tau;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 482</td><td>90</td><td>27 JODIDIO</td><td>86</td><td>ELEC Any &zeta;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 800</td><td></td><td>27 JODIDIO</td><td>86</td><td>ELEC &zeta; = 0</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 400</td><td>95</td><td>28 STOKER</td><td>85</td><td>ELEC Any &zeta;</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 475</td><td>95</td><td>28 STOKER</td><td>85</td><td>ELEC &zeta; &lt; 0.041</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>29 BERGSMA</td><td>83</td><td>CHRM &nu;<sub>&mu;</sub>e &rarr; &mu;&nu;e</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 380</td><td>90</td><td>30 CARR</td><td>83</td><td>ELEC &mu;<sup>+</sup> decay</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1600</td><td></td><td>31 BEALL</td><td>82</td><td>THEO m<sub>K<sub>L</sub></sub><sup>0</sup> - m<sub>K<sub>S</sub></sub><sup>0</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 The quoted limit is for manifest left-right symmetric model.

2 CZAKON 99 perform a simultaneous fit to charged and neutral sectors.

3 PRIEELS 14 limit is from $\mu^+ \to e^+ \nu \bar{\nu}$ decay parameter $\xi''$, which is determined by the positron polarization measurement.

4 WAUTERS 10 limit is from a measurement of the asymmetry parameter of polarized $60Co \beta$ decays. The listed limit assumes no mixing.

5 ZHANG 08 limit uses a lattice QCD calculation of the relevant hadronic matrix elements, while BEALL 82 limit used the vacuum saturation approximation.

6 MELCONIAN 07 measure the neutrino angular asymmetry in $\beta^+$-decays of polarized 37K, stored in a magneto-optical trap. Result is consistent with SM prediction and does not constrain the $W_L - W_R$ mixing angle appreciably.

7 SCHUMANN 07 limit is from measurements of the asymmetry $\langle \bar{\nu}_{\nu} \cdot \sigma_{\eta} \rangle$ in the $\beta$ decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing is assumed.

8 CYBURT 05 limit follows by requiring that three light $\nu_R$'s decouple when $T_{dec} > 140$ MeV. For different $T_{dec}$, the bound becomes $M_{W_R} > 3.3$ TeV ($T_{dec} / 140$ MeV)$^{3/4}$.

9 THOMAS 01 limit is from measurement of $\beta^+$ polarization in decay of polarized $^{12}$N. The listed limit assumes no mixing.

10 ACKERSTAFF 99D limit is from $\tau$ decay parameters. Limit increase to 145 GeV for zero mixing.

11 BARENOIM 98 assumes minimal left-right model with Higgs of $SU(2)_R$ in $SU(2)_L$ doublet. For Higgs in $SU(2)_L$ triplet, $m_{W_R} > 1100$ GeV. Bound calculated from effect of corresponding $Z_{LR}$ on electroweak data through $Z-Z_{LR}$ mixing.

12 The quoted limit is from $\mu$ decay parameters. BARENOIM 97 also evaluate limit from $K_L-K_S$ mass difference.

13 STAHL 97 limit is from fit to $\tau$-decay parameters.

14 ALLET 96 measured polarization-asymmetry correlation in $^{12}$N$\beta^+$ decay. The listed limit assumes zero $L-R$ mixing.

15 KUZNETSOV 95 limit is from measurements of the asymmetry $\langle \bar{\nu}_{\nu} \cdot \sigma_{\eta} \rangle$ in the $\beta$ decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing assumed. See also KUZNETSOV 94B.

16 KUZNETSOV 94b limit is from measurements of the asymmetry $\langle \bar{\nu}_{\nu} \cdot \sigma_{\eta} \rangle$ in the $\beta$ decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing assumed.

17 BHATTACHARYYA 93 uses $Z-Z'$ mixing limit from LEP '90 data, assuming a specific Higgs sector of $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)$ gauge model. The limit is for $m_t = 200$ GeV and slightly improves for smaller $m_t$.

18 SEVERIJNS 93 measured polarization-asymmetry correlation in $^{107}$In$\beta^+$ decay. The listed limit assumes zero $L-R$ mixing. Value quoted here is from SEVERIJNS 94 erratum.

19 IMAZATO 92 measure positron asymmetry in $K^+ \to \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ decay and obtain $\xi P_{\mu} \to 0.990$ (90% CL). If $W_R$ couples to $u\bar{s}$ with full weak strength ($V_{us}^R=1$), the result corresponds to $m_{W_R} > 653$ GeV. See their Fig. 4 for $m_{W_R}$ limits for general $|V_{us}^R|^2=1-|V_{us}^R|^2$.

20 POLAK 92b limit is from fit to muon decay parameters and is essentially determined by JODIDIO 86 data assuming $\zeta=0$. Supersedes POLAK 91.

21 AQUINO 91 limits obtained from neutron lifetime and asymmetries together with unitarity of the CKM matrix. Manifest left-right symmetry assumed. Stronger of the two limits also includes muon decay results.

22 COLANGELO 91 limit uses hadronic matrix elements evaluated by QCD sum rule and is less restrictive than BEALL 82 limit which uses vacuum saturation approximation. Manifest left-right symmetry assumed.

23 POLAK 91 limit is from fit to muon decay parameters and is essentially determined by JODIDIO 86 data assuming $\zeta=0$. Superseded by POLAK 92B.

24 BARBIERI 89b limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \le 10$ MeV.

25 LANGACKER 89b limit is for any $\nu_R$ mass (either Dirac or Majorana) and for a general class of right-handed quark mixing matrices.

26 BALKE 88 limit is for $m_{\nu_{eR}} = 0$ and $m_{\nu_{\mu R}} \le 50$ MeV. Limits come from precise measurements of the muon decay asymmetry as a function of the positron energy.

27 JODIDIO 86 is the same TRIUMF experiment as STOKER 85 (and CARR 83); however, it uses a different technique. The results given here are combined results of the two techniques. The technique here involves precise measurement of the end-point $e^+$ spectrum in the decay of the highly polarized $\mu^+$.

28 STOKER 85 is same TRIUMF experiment as CARR 83. Here they measure the decay $e^+$ spectrum asymmetry above 46 MeV/c using a muon-spin-rotation technique. Assumed a light right-handed neutrino. Quoted limits are from combining with CARR 83.

29 BERGSMA 83 set limit $m_{W_2/mW_1} > 1.9$ at CL = 90%.

30 CARR 83 is TRIUMF experiment with a highly polarized $\mu^+$ beam. Looked for deviation from $V-A$ at the high momentum end of the decay $e^+$ energy spectrum. Limit from previous world-average muon polarization parameter is $m_{W_R} > 240$ GeV. Assumes a light right-handed neutrino.

31 BEALL 82 limit is obtained assuming that $W_R$ contribution to $K_L^0-K_S^0$ mass difference is smaller than the standard one, neglecting the top quark contributions. Manifest left-right symmetry assumed.

## Limit on $W_L-W_R$ Mixing Angle $\zeta$

Lighter mass eigenstate $W_1 = W_L \cos\zeta - W_R \sin\zeta$. Light $\nu_R$ assumed unless noted. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5">• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •</td></tr><tr><td>-0.020 to 0.017</td><td>90</td><td>BUENO</td><td>11</td><td>TWST &mu; &rarr; e&nu;&tau;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.022</td><td>90</td><td>MACDONALD</td><td>08</td><td>TWST &mu; &rarr; e&nu;&tau;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.12</td><td>95</td><td>1 ACKERSTAFF</td><td>99D</td><td>OPAL &tau; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.013</td><td>90</td><td>2 CZAKON</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.0333</td><td></td><td>3 BARENOIM</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.04</td><td>90</td><td>4 MISHRA</td><td>92</td><td>CCFR &nu;N scattering</td></tr><tr><td>-0.0006 to 0.0028</td><td>90</td><td>5 AQUINO</td><td>91</td><td>RVUE</td></tr><tr><td>[none 0.00001-0.02]</td><td></td><td>6 BARBIERI</td><td>89B</td><td>ASTR SN 1987A</td></tr><tr><td>&lt; 0.040</td><td>90</td><td>7 JODIDIO</td><td>86</td><td>ELEC &mu; decay</td></tr><tr><td>-0.056 to 0.040</td><td>90</td><td>7 JODIDIO</td><td>86</td><td>ELEC &mu; decay</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 ACKERSTAFF 99D limit is from $\tau$ decay parameters.

2 CZAKON 99 perform a simultaneous fit to charged and neutral sectors.

3 The quoted limit is from $\mu$ decay parameters. BARENOIM 97 also evaluate limit from $K_L-K_S$ mass difference.

4 MISHRA 92 limit is from the absence of extra large-$x$, large-$\bar{\nu}_{\mu}N \to \bar{\nu}_{\mu}X$ events at Tevatron, assuming left-handed $\nu$ and right-handed $\bar{\nu}$ in the neutrino beam. The result gives $\zeta^2(1-2m_{W_1}/m_{W_2}) < 0.0015$. The limit is independent of $\nu_R$ mass.
⁵AQUINO 91 limits obtained from neutron lifetime and asymmetries together with unitarity of the CKM matrix. Manifest left-right asymmetry is assumed.

⁶BARBIERI 89B limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \le 10$ MeV.

⁷First JODIDIO 86 result assumes $m_{W_R} = \infty$, second is for unconstrained $m_{W_R}$.

See the related review(s):

Z'-Boson Searches

MASS LIMITS for Z' (Heavy Neutral Vector Boson Other Than Z)

Limits for $Z'_{SM}$

$Z'_{SM}$ is assumed to have couplings with quarks and leptons which are identical to those of Z, and decays only to known fermions. The most recent preliminary results can be found in the "Z'-boson searches" review above.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5">&gt;5150 (CL = 95%) OUR LIMIT</td></tr><tr><td>none 1800-2400</td><td>95</td><td>1 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AF CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;4400</td><td>95</td><td>2 TUMASYAN</td><td>22AE CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;5150</td><td>95</td><td>3 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21N CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 1133-2700</td><td>95</td><td>4 AAD</td><td>20T ATLS</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>SM</sub> → b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 1800-2900, 3100-3300</td><td>95</td><td>5 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AI CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 250-5100</td><td>95</td><td>6 AAD</td><td>19L ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 600-2000</td><td>95</td><td>7 AABOUD</td><td>18AB ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2420</td><td>95</td><td>8 AABOUD</td><td>18G ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → τ<sup>+</sup>τ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 200-4500</td><td>95</td><td>9 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BB CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 600-2700</td><td>95</td><td>10 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BO CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;4500</td><td>95</td><td>11 AABOUD</td><td>17AT ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2100</td><td>95</td><td>12 KHACHATRY...17H</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → τ<sup>+</sup>τ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;3370</td><td>95</td><td>13 KHACHATRY...17T</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 600-2100, 2300-2600</td><td>95</td><td>14 KHACHATRY...17W</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;3360</td><td>95</td><td>15 AABOUD</td><td>16U ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2900</td><td>95</td><td>16 KHACHATRY...15AE</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 1200-1700</td><td>95</td><td>17 KHACHATRY...15V</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;2900</td><td>95</td><td>18 AAD</td><td>14V ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>SM</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

¹TUMASYAN 23AF search for resonance decaying to b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

²TUMASYAN 22AE set limits on $Z'$ from the measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry in $e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for the sequential SM $Z'$. See their Fig. 6 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

³SIRUNYAN 21N search for resonance decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

⁴AAD 20T search for resonances decaying to b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 7(b) for limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, b-tagging efficiency, and branching fraction.

⁵SIRUNYAN 20AI search for resonances decaying into dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

⁶AAD 19L search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

⁷AABOUD 18AB search for resonances decaying to b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

⁸AABOUD 18G search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

⁹SIRUNYAN 18BB search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig.5 for limits on the $Z'$ coupling strengths with light quarks.

¹⁰SIRUNYAN 18BO search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

¹¹AABOUD 17AT search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

¹²KHACHATRYAN 17H search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

¹³KHACHATRYAN 17T search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$, 13 TeV.

¹⁴KHACHATRYAN 17W search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

¹⁵AABOUD 16U search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

¹⁶KHACHATRYAN 15AE search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

¹⁷KHACHATRYAN 15V search for resonances decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

¹⁸AAD 14V search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

¹⁹BOBOVNIKOV 18 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma(pp \to Z') \cdot B(Z' \to W^+W^-)$ to constrain the Z-Z' mixing parameter $\xi$. See their Fig. 11 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \xi$ plane.

²⁰AABOUD 16AA search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

²¹AAD 15AM search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

²²AAD 13S search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

²³CHATRCHYAN 13A use pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

²⁴CHATRCHYAN 13AF search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and 8 TeV.

²⁵AAD 12CC search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

²⁶CHATRCHYAN 12O search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

²⁷AALTONEN 11I search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

²⁸ABAZOV 11A, AALTONEN 09T, AALTONEN 07H, and ABULENCIA 06L search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

²⁹The quoted limit assumes $\xi_W W Z' / \xi_W W Z = (M_W / M_{Z'})^2$. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

³⁰AALTONEN 09AC search for new particle decaying to dijets.

³¹ERLER 09 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0026 < \theta < 0.0006$.

³²ABDALLAH 06C use data $\sqrt{s} = 130-207$ GeV.

³³ACOSTA 05R search for resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

³⁴ABBIENDI 04G give 95% CL limit on $Z-Z'$ mixing $-0.00422 < \theta < 0.00091$. $\sqrt{s} = 91$ to 207 GeV.

³⁵ABAZOV 01B search for resonances in $p\bar{p}$: $e^+e^-$ at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV. They find $\sigma \cdot B(Z' \to e e) < 0.06$ pb for $M_{Z'} > 500$ GeV.

³⁶CHEUNG 01B limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis.

³⁷ABREU 00S uses LEP data at $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 189 GeV.

³⁸BARATE 001 search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ to fermions at $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta=0$. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure 18.

³⁹ERLER 99 give 90%CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0041 < \theta < 0.0003$. $\rho_0=1$ is assumed.

⁴⁰ABE 97S find $\sigma(Z') \times B(e^+e^-, \mu^+\mu^-) < 40$ fb for $m_{Z'} > 600$ GeV at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV.

⁴¹VILAIN 94B assume $m_\ell = 150$ GeV.

⁴²ALITTI 93 search for resonances in the two-jet invariant mass. The limit assumes $B(Z' \to q\bar{q}) = 0.7$. See their Fig. 5 for limits in the $m_{Z'} - B(q\bar{q})$ plane.

⁴³RIZZO 93 analyses CDF limit on possible two-jet resonances.

⁴⁴ABE 90F use data for R, $R'\ell\ell$, and $A_{\ell\ell}$. They fix $m_W = 80.49 \pm 0.43 \pm 0.24$ GeV and $m_Z = 91.13 \pm 0.03$ GeV.

Limits for $Z_{LR}$

$Z_{LR}$ is the extra neutral boson in left-right symmetric models. $g_L = g_R$ is assumed unless noted. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector, usually motivated by specific left-right symmetric models (see the Note on the $W'$). Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino. Direct search bounds assume decays to Standard Model fermions only, unless noted.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1162</td><td>95</td><td>1 DEL-AGUILA</td><td>10 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 630</td><td>95</td><td>2 ABE</td><td>97S CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline">p</span>; Z<sub>LR</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 998</td><td>95</td><td>3 TUMASYAN</td><td>23BE CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>LR</sub> → N<span style="text-decoration: overline">N</span>, N → <span style="text-decoration: overline">ℓq<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></span></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 600</td><td>95</td><td>5 ERLER</td><td>09 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 455</td><td>95</td><td>6 ABDALLAH</td><td>06C DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 518</td><td>95</td><td>7 ABDIENDI</td><td>04G OPAL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 860</td><td>95</td><td>8 CHEUNG</td><td>01B RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 380</td><td>95</td><td>9 ABREU</td><td>00S DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 436</td><td>95</td><td>10 BARATE</td><td>00I ALEP</td><td>Repl. by SCHAEL 07A</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 550</td><td>95</td><td>11 CHAY</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>12 ERLER</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Cs</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tbody><tr><td>(> 1205)</td><td>90</td><td>13 CASALBUONI</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Cs</td></tr><tr><td>> 564</td><td>95</td><td>14 CZAKON</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>(> 1673)</td><td>95</td><td>15 ERLER</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>(> 1700)</td><td>68</td><td>16 ERLER</td><td>99</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 244</td><td>95</td><td>17 BARENBOIM</td><td>98</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 253</td><td>95</td><td>18 CONRAD</td><td>98</td><td>RVUE</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> N scattering</td></tr><tr><td>none 200–600</td><td>95</td><td>19 VILAIN</td><td>94B</td><td>CHM2</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup> → ν<sub>μ</sub> e and p̄<sub>μ</sub> e → p̄<sub>μ</sub> e</td></tr><tr><td>[> 2000]</td><td></td><td>20 RIZZO</td><td>93</td><td>RVUE</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sub>LR</sub> → q̄q</td></tr><tr><td>none 200–500</td><td></td><td>21 GRIFOLS</td><td>90</td><td>ASTR</td><td>SN 1987A; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>none 350–2400</td><td></td><td>22 BARBIERI</td><td>89B</td><td>ASTR</td><td>SN 1987A; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 DEL-AGUILA 10 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0012 < \theta < 0.0004$.

2 ABE 97s find $\sigma(Z') \times B(e^+ e^-, \mu^+ \mu^-) < 40$ fb for $m_{Z'} > 600$ GeV at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV.

3 TUMASYAN 23BE search for pair production of heavy Majorana neutrinos via the decay of a Z' boson in a final state with $e^+ e^-$ and at least two jets. For cases with $m_N = M_{Z'}/4$, their 95% CL limits are $M_{Z'} > 3.59$ TeV (> 4.10 TeV) in the electroweak (dimuon) channel. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

4 BOBOVNIKOV 18 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma(pp \to Z') \cdot B(Z' \to W^+ W^-)$ to constrain the Z-Z' mixing parameter $\xi$. See their Fig. 10 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \xi$ plane.

5 ERLER 09 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0013 < \theta < 0.0006$.

6 ABDALLAH 06C give 95% CL limit $|\theta| < 0.0028$. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

7 ABBIENDI 04G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $-0.00098 < \theta < 0.00190$. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 91$ to 207 GeV.

8 CHEUNG 01B limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis.

9 ABEU 00s give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $|\theta| < 0.0018$. See their Fig. 6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 189 GeV.

10 BARATE 00i search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in $e^+ e^- \to$ fermions at $\sqrt{s}=90$ to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta=0$. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure 18.

11 CHAY 00 also find $-0.0003 < \theta < 0.0019$. For $g_R$ free, $m_{Z'} > 430$ GeV.

12 ERLER 00s discuss the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of $Q_W(Cs)$ is due to the exchange of $Z'$. The data are better described in a certain class of the $Z'$ models including $Z_{LR}$ and $Z_\chi$.

13 CASALBUONI 99 discuss the discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of $Q_W(Cs)$. It is shown that the data are better described in a class of models including the $Z_{LR}$ model.

14 CZAKON 99 perform a simultaneous fit to charged and neutral sectors. Assumes manifest left-right symmetric model. Finds $|\theta| < 0.0042$.

15 ERLER 99 give 90% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0009 < \theta < 0.0017$.

16 ERLER 99 assumes 2 Higgs doublets, transforming as 10 of SO(10), embedded in $E_6$.

17 BARENBOIM 98 also gives 68% CL limits on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0005 < \theta < 0.0033$. Assumes Higgs sector of minimal left-right model.

18 CONRAD 98 limit is from measurements at CCFR, assuming no Z-Z' mixing.

19 VILAIN 94b assume $m_t = 150$ GeV and $\theta=0$. See Fig. 2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

20 RIZZO 93 analyses CDF limit on possible two-jet resonances.

21 GRIFOLS 90 limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \lesssim 1$ MeV. A specific Higgs sector is assumed. See also GRIFOLS 90d, RIZZO 91.

22 BARBIERI 89b limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \le 10$ MeV. Bounds depend on assumed supernova core temperature.

## Limits for $Z_\chi$

$Z_\chi$ is the extra neutral boson in SO(10) $\to$ SU(5) $\times$ U(1)$_\chi$. $g_\chi = e^+/\cos\theta_W$ is assumed unless otherwise stated. We list limits with the assumption $\rho=1$ but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector motivated by string允 models. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5">&gt;4800 (CL = 95%) OUR LIMIT</td></tr><tr><td>none 250–4800</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>19L ATLS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>4100</td><td>95</td><td>2 AABOUD</td><td>17AT ATLS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>>3050</td><td>95</td><td>3 BOBOVNIKOV 18</td><td>RVUE</td><td>pp, Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → W<sup>+</sup> W<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2620</td><td>95</td><td>4 AABOUD</td><td>16U ATLS</td><td>pp, Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1970</td><td>95</td><td>5 AAD</td><td>14V ATLS</td><td>pp, Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 930</td><td>95</td><td>6 AAD</td><td>12CC ATLS</td><td>pp, Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 903</td><td>95</td><td>7 AALTONEN</td><td>11I CDF</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1022</td><td>95</td><td>8 ABAZOV</td><td>11A D0</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1022</td><td>95</td><td>9 DEL-AGUILA</td><td>10 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 862</td><td>95</td><td>8 AALTONEN</td><td>09T CDF</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 892</td><td>95</td><td>10 AALTONEN</td><td>09V CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 11I</td></tr><tr><td>>1141</td><td>95</td><td>11 ERLER</td><td>09 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 822</td><td>95</td><td>8 AALTONEN</td><td>07H CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 09T</td></tr><tr><td>> 680</td><td>95</td><td>SCHAEL</td><td>07A ALEP</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 545</td><td>95</td><td>12 ABDALLAH</td><td>06C DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 740</td><td>95</td><td>8 ABULENCIA</td><td>06L CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 07H</td></tr><tr><td>> 690</td><td>95</td><td>13 ABULENCIA</td><td>05A CDF</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 781</td><td>95</td><td>14 ABBIENDI</td><td>04G OPAL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2100</td><td></td><td>15 BARGER</td><td>03B COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>> 680</td><td>95</td><td>16 CHEUNG</td><td>01B RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 440</td><td>95</td><td>17 ABREU</td><td>00S DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 533</td><td>95</td><td>18 BARATE</td><td>00I ALEP</td><td>Repl. by SCHAEL 07A</td></tr><tr><td>> 554</td><td>95</td><td>19 CHO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>20 ERLER</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Cs</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>21 ROSNER</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Cs</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>22 ERLER</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>(> 1368)</td><td>95</td><td>23 ERLER</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>> 215</td><td>95</td><td>24 CONRAD</td><td>98 RVUE</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> N scattering</td></tr><tr><td>> 595</td><td>95</td><td>25 ABE</td><td>97S CDF</td><td>p̄<sub>μ</sub>; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>χ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>> 190</td><td>95</td><td>26 ARIMA</td><td>97 VNS</td><td>Bhabha scattering</td></tr><tr><td>> 262</td><td>95</td><td>27 VILAIN</td><td>94B CHM2</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> e → ν<sub>μ</sub> e; p̄<sub>μ</sub> e → p̄<sub>μ</sub> e</td></tr><tr><td>(>4710)</td><td></td><td>28 FARAGGI</td><td>91 COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>> 231</td><td>90</td><td>29 ABE</td><td>90F VNS</td><td>e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>(> 1140)</td><td></td><td>30 GONZALEZ...</td><td>90D COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>(> 2100)</td><td></td><td>31 GRIFOLS</td><td>90 ASTR</td><td>SN 1987A; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 19L search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

2 AABOUD 17AT search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

3 BOBOVNIKOV 18 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma(pp \to Z') \cdot B(Z' \to W^+ W^-)$ to constrain the Z-Z' mixing parameter $\xi$. See their Fig. 9 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \xi$ plane.

4 AABOUD 16U search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

5 AAD 14V search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$, $\mu^+ \mu^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

6 AAD 12CC search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$, $\mu^+ \mu^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

7 AALTONEN 11I search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+ \mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

8 ABAZOV 11A, AALTONEN 09T, AALTONEN 07H, and ABULENCIA 06L search for resonances decaying to $e^+ e^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

9 DEL-AGUILA 10 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0011 < \theta < 0.0007$.

10 AALTONEN 09V search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+ \mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

11 ERLER 09 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0016 < \theta < 0.0006$.

12 ABDALLAH 06C give 95% CL limit $|\theta| < 0.0031$. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

13 ABULENCIA 05A search for resonances decaying to electron or muon pairs in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

14 ABBIENDI 04G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $-0.00099 < \theta < 0.00194$. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 91$ to 207 GeV.

15 BARGER 03B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino $\delta N_\mu < 1$. The quark-hadron transition temperature $T_C=150$ MeV is assumed. The limit with $T_C=400$ MeV is $>4300$ GeV.

16 CHEUNG 01B limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis.

17 ABREU 00s give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $|\theta| < 0.0017$. See their Fig. 6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s}=90$ to 189 GeV.

18 BARATE 00i search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in $e^+ e^- \to$ fermions at $\sqrt{s}=90$ to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta=0$. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure 18.

19 CHO 00 use various electroweak data to constrain $Z'$ models assuming $m_H=100$ GeV. See Fig. 3 for limits in the mass-mixing plane.

20 ERLER 00s discuss the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of $Q_W(Cs)$ is due to the exchange of $Z'$. The data are better described in a certain class of the $Z'$ models including $Z_{LR}$ and $Z_\chi$.

21 ROSNER 00 discusses the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of $Q_W(Cs)$ is due to the exchange of $Z'$. The data are better described in a certain class of the $Z'$ models including $Z_\chi$.

22 ERLER 99 give 90% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0020 < \theta < 0.0015$.

23 ERLER 99 assumes 2 Higgs doublets, transforming as 10 of SO(10), embedded in $E_6$.

24 CONRAD 98 limit is from measurements at CCFR, assuming no Z-Z' mixing.

25 ABE 97s find $\sigma(Z') \times B(e^+ e^-, \mu^+ \mu^-) < 40$ fb for $m_{Z'} > 600$ GeV at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV.

26 Z-Z' mixing is assumed to be zero. $\sqrt{s} = 57.77$ GeV.

27 VILAIN 94B assume $m_t = 150$ GeV and $\theta=0$. See Fig. 2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

28 FARAGGI 91 limit assumes the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of neutrinos $\delta N_\nu < 0.5$ and is valid for $m_{\nu_R} < 1$ MeV.

29 ABE 90F use data for R, $R_{\ell\ell}$, and $A_{\ell\ell}$. ABE 90F fix $m_W = 80.49 \pm 0.43 \pm 0.24$ GeV and $m_Z = 91.13 \pm 0.03$ GeV.

30 Assumes the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos ($\delta N_\nu < 1$) and that $\nu_R$ is light ($\lesssim 1$ MeV).

31 GRIFOLS 90 limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \lesssim 1$ MeV. See also GRIFOLS 90d, RIZZO 91.

## Limits for $Z_\psi$

$Z_\psi$ is the extra neutral boson in $E_6 \to$ SO(10) $\times$ U(1)$_\psi$. $g_\psi = e^+/\cos\theta_W$ is assumed unless otherwise stated. We list limits with the assumption $\rho=1$ but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5">&gt;4560 (CL = 95%) OUR LIMIT</td></tr><tr><td>>4560</td><td>95</td><td>1 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21N CMS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 250–4500</td><td>95</td><td>2 AAD</td><td>19L ATLS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>none 200–3900</td><td>95</td><td>3 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BB CMS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>3800</td><td>95</td><td>4 AABOUD</td><td>17AT ATLS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2820</td><td>95</td><td>5 KHACHATRY...17T CMS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup> e<sup>−</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup> μ<sup>−</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>>1100</td><td>95</td><td>6 CHATRCHYAN 120 CMS</td><td>pp; Z<sup>′</sup><sub>ψ</sub> → τ<sup>+</sup> τ<sup>−</sup></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

<table><tbody><tr><td>>2740</td><td>95</td><td><sup>7</sup>BOBOVNIKOV 18</td><td>RVUE</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2570</td><td>95</td><td><sup>8</sup>AABOUD</td><td>16U ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2510</td><td>95</td><td><sup>9</sup>KHACHATRY</td><td>15AE CMS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2260</td><td>95</td><td><sup>10</sup>AAD</td><td>14V ATLS</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1790</td><td>95</td><td><sup>11</sup>CHATRCHYAN 13AF</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2000</td><td>95</td><td><sup>12</sup>AAD</td><td>12CC ATLS</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>917</td><td>95</td><td><sup>13</sup>CHATRCHYAN 12M</td><td>CMS</td><td>Repl. by CHA-TRCHYAN 13AF</td></tr><tr><td>>891</td><td>95</td><td><sup>14</sup>AALTONEN</td><td>11I CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>476</td><td>95</td><td><sup>15</sup>ABAZOV</td><td>11A D0</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>851</td><td>95</td><td><sup>16</sup>DEL-AGUILA</td><td>10 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>878</td><td>95</td><td><sup>17</sup>AALTONEN</td><td>09T CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>147</td><td>95</td><td><sup>18</sup>ERLER</td><td>09 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>822</td><td>95</td><td><sup>19</sup>AALTONEN</td><td>07H CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 09T</td></tr><tr><td>>410</td><td>95</td><td><sup>20</sup>SCHAEL</td><td>07A ALEP</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>475</td><td>95</td><td><sup>21</sup>ABDALLAH</td><td>06C DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>725</td><td>95</td><td><sup>22</sup>ABULENCIA</td><td>06L CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 07H</td></tr><tr><td>>675</td><td>95</td><td><sup>23</sup>ABULENCIA</td><td>05A CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 11I and AALTONEN 09T</td></tr><tr><td>>366</td><td>95</td><td><sup>24</sup>ABBIENDI</td><td>04G OPAL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>600</td><td>95</td><td><sup>25</sup>BARGER</td><td>03B COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>>350</td><td>95</td><td><sup>26</sup>ABREU</td><td>00S DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>294</td><td>95</td><td><sup>27</sup>BARATE</td><td>00I ALEP</td><td>Repl. by SCHAEEL 07A</td></tr><tr><td>>137</td><td>95</td><td><sup>28</sup>CHO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>146</td><td>95</td><td><sup>29</sup>ERLER</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>54</td><td>95</td><td><sup>30</sup>CONRAD</td><td>98 RVUE</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> N scattering</td></tr><tr><td>>590</td><td>95</td><td><sup>31</sup>ABE</td><td>97S CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>ψ</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>135</td><td>95</td><td><sup>32</sup>VILAIN</td><td>94B CHM2</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> e → ν<sub>μ</sub> e; ν<span style="text-decoration: overline;">μ</span> e → ν<span style="text-decoration: overline;">μ</span> e</td></tr><tr><td>>105</td><td>90</td><td><sup>33</sup>ABE</td><td>90F VNS</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>[>160]</td><td></td><td><sup>34</sup>GONZALEZ...</td><td>90D COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>[>2000]</td><td></td><td><sup>35</sup>GRIFOLS</td><td>90D ASTR</td><td>SN 1987A; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 SIRUNYAN 21N search for resonance decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

2 AAD 19L search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

3 SIRUNYAN 18BB search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

4 AABOUD 17AT search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

5 KHACHATRYAN 17T search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8, 13$ TeV.

6 CHATRCHYAN 120 search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

7 BOBOVNIKOV 18 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma(pp \to Z')\cdot B(Z' \to W^+W^-)$ to constrain the Z-Z' mixing parameter $\xi$. See their Fig. 10 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \xi$ plane.

8 AABOUD 16U search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

9 KHACHATRYAN 15AE search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

10 AAD 14V search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

11 CHATRCHYAN 13AF search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and 8 TeV.

12 AAD 12CC search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

13 CHATRCHYAN 12M search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$ or $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

14 AALTONEN 11I search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

15 ABAZOV 11A, AALTONEN 09T, AALTONEN 07H, and ABULENCIA 06L search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

16 DEL-AGUILA 10 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0019 < \theta < 0.0007$.

17 AALTONEN 09V search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

18 ERLER 09 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0018 < \theta < 0.0009$.

19 ABDALLAH 06c give 95% CL limit $|\theta| < 0.0027$. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

20 ABULENCIA 05A search for resonances decaying to electron or muon pairs in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

21 ABBIENDI 04G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $-0.00129 < \theta < 0.00258$. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 91$ to 207 GeV.

22 BARGER 03B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino $\delta N_\nu < 1$. The quark-hadron transition temperature $T_c=150$ MeV is assumed. The limit with $T_c=400$ MeV is >1100 GeV.

23 ABREU 00s give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $|\theta| < 0.0018$. See their Fig. 6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 189 GeV.

24 BARATE 00i search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ to fermions at $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta=0$. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure 18.

25 CHO 00 use various electroweak data to constrain Z' models assuming $m_H=100$ GeV. See Fig. 3 for limits in the mass-mixing plane.

26 ERLER 99 give 90% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0013 < \theta < 0.0024$.

27 CONRAD 98 limit is from measurements at CCFR, assuming no Z-Z' mixing.

28 ABE 97s find $\sigma(Z')\times B(e^+e^-, \mu^+\mu^-) < 40$ fb for $m_{Z'} > 600$ GeV at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV.

29 VILAIN 94B assume $m_t = 150$ GeV and $\theta=0$. See Fig. 2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

30 ABE 90F use data for $R, R_{\ell\ell}$, and $A_{\ell\ell}$. ABE 90F fix $m_W = 80.49 \pm 0.43 \pm 0.24$ GeV and $m_Z = 91.13 \pm 0.03$ GeV.

31 Assumes the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos ($\delta N_\nu < 1$) and that $\nu_R$ is light ($\lesssim 1$ MeV).

32 GRIFOLS 90D limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \lesssim 1$ MeV. See also RIZZO 91.

### Limits for $Z_\eta$

$Z_\eta$ is the extra neutral boson in $E_6$ models, corresponding to $Q_\eta = \sqrt{3/8} Q_\chi - \sqrt{5/6} Q_\psi$. $g_{\eta\psi} = e/\cos\theta_W$ is assumed unless otherwise stated. We list limits with the assumption $\rho=1$ but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector motivated by superstring models. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>>3900</td><td>95</td><td>1 AABOUD</td><td>17AT ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>2810</td><td>95</td><td>2 BOBOVNIKOV 18</td><td>RVUE</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>η</sub> → W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1870</td><td>95</td><td>3 AABOUD</td><td>16U ATLS</td><td>pp; Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>938</td><td>95</td><td>4 AAD</td><td>12CC ATLS</td><td>pp, Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>923</td><td>95</td><td>5 AALTONEN</td><td>11I CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>η</sub> → μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>488</td><td>95</td><td>6 ABAZOV</td><td>11A D0</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>877</td><td>95</td><td>7 DEL-AGUILA</td><td>10 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>904</td><td>95</td><td>8 AALTONEN</td><td>09T CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>427</td><td>95</td><td>9 ERLER</td><td>09 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>891</td><td>95</td><td>6 AALTONEN</td><td>07H CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 09T</td></tr><tr><td>>350</td><td>95</td><td>10 ABDALLAH</td><td>06C DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>745</td><td>95</td><td>6 ABULENCIA</td><td>06L CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 07H</td></tr><tr><td>>720</td><td>95</td><td>11 ABULENCIA</td><td>05A CDF</td><td>Repl. by AALTONEN 11I and AALTONEN 09T</td></tr><tr><td>>515</td><td>95</td><td>12 ABBIENDI</td><td>04G OPAL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1600</td><td></td><td>13 BARGER</td><td>03B COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>>310</td><td>95</td><td>14 ABREU</td><td>00S DLPH</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>329</td><td>95</td><td>15 BARATE</td><td>00I ALEP</td><td>Repl. by SCHAEEL 07A</td></tr><tr><td>>619</td><td>95</td><td>16 CHO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>365</td><td>95</td><td>17 ERLER</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>>87</td><td>95</td><td>18 CONRAD</td><td>98 RVUE</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> N scattering</td></tr><tr><td>>620</td><td>95</td><td>19 ABE</td><td>97S CDF</td><td>p<span style="text-decoration: overline;">p</span>; Z'<sub>η</sub> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>100</td><td>95</td><td>20 VILAIN</td><td>94B CHM2</td><td>ν<sub>μ</sub> e → ν<sub>μ</sub> e; ν<span style="text-decoration: overline;">μ</span> e → ν<span style="text-decoration: overline;">μ</span> e</td></tr><tr><td>>125</td><td>90</td><td>21 ABE</td><td>90F VNS</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>[>820]</td><td></td><td>22 GONZALEZ...</td><td>90D COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>[>3300]</td><td></td><td>23 GRIFOLS</td><td>90 ASTR</td><td>SN 1987A; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>[>1040]</td><td></td><td>22 LOPEZ</td><td>90 COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light ν<sub>R</sub></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AABOUD 17AT search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

2 BOBOVNIKOV 18 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma(pp \to Z')\cdot B(Z' \to W^+W^-)$ to constrain the Z-Z' mixing parameter $\xi$. See their Fig. 9 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \xi$ plane.

3 AABOUD 16U search for resonances decaying to $\ell^+\ell^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

4 AAD 12CC search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV.

5 AALTONEN 11I search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

6 ABAZOV 11A, AALTONEN 09T, AALTONEN 07H, and ABULENCIA 06L search for resonances decaying to $e^+e^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

7 DEL-AGUILA 10 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0023 < \theta < 0.0027$.

8 AALTONEN 09V search for resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

9 ERLER 09 give 95% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0047 < \theta < 0.0021$.

10 ABDALLAH 06C give 95% CL limit $|\theta| < 0.0092$. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

11 ABULENCIA 05A search for resonances decaying to electron or muon pairs in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV.

12 ABBIENDI 04G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $-0.00447 < \theta < 0.00331$. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 91$ to 207 GeV.

13 BARGER 03B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino $\delta N_\nu < 1$. The quark-hadron transition temperature $T_c=150$ MeV is assumed. The limit with $T_c=400$ MeV is >3300 GeV.

14 ABREU 00s give 95% CL limit on Z-Z' mixing $|\theta| < 0.0024$. See their Fig. 6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 189 GeV.

15 BARATE 00i search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ to fermions at $\sqrt{s} = 90$ to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta=0$. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure 18.

16 CHO 00 use various electroweak data to constrain Z' models assuming $m_H=100$ GeV. See Fig. 3 for limits in the mass-mixing plane.

17 ERLER 99 give 90% CL limit on the Z-Z' mixing $-0.0062 < \theta < 0.0011$.

18 CONRAD 98 limit is from measurements at CCFR, assuming no Z-Z' mixing.

19 ABE 97s find $\sigma(Z')\times B(e^+e^-, \mu^+\mu^-) < 40$ fb for $m_{Z'} > 600$ GeV at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV.

20 VILAIN 94B assume $m_t = 150$ GeV and $\theta=0$. See Fig. 2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.

21 ABE 90F use data for $R, R_{\ell\ell}$, and $A_{\ell\ell}$. ABE 90F fix $m_W = 80.49 \pm 0.43 \pm 0.24$ GeV and $m_Z = 91.13 \pm 0.03$ GeV.

22 These authors claim that the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos ($\delta N_\nu < 1$) constrains $Z'$ masses if $\nu_R$ is light ($\lesssim 1$ MeV).

23 GRIFOLS 90 limit holds for $m_{\nu_R} \lesssim 1$ MeV. See also GRIFOLS 90D, RIZZO 91.
# Gauge & Higgs Boson Particle Listings

## New Heavy Bosons

### Limits for other Z'

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>none 300-3200</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>230 ATLS</td><td>Z' → ZH</td></tr><tr><td>none 1800-2400</td><td>95</td><td>2 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AF CMS</td><td>Z' → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 1300-3100, 3300-3500</td><td>95</td><td>3 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AP CMS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>>3900</td><td>95</td><td>4 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AP CMS</td><td>Z' → ZH</td></tr><tr><td>>4000</td><td>95</td><td>5 TUMASYAN</td><td>22D CMS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>none 800-3700</td><td>95</td><td>6 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21X CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>>2650</td><td>95</td><td>7 AAD</td><td>20AJ ATLS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>>3900</td><td>95</td><td>8 AAD</td><td>20AM ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>>3900</td><td>95</td><td>9 AAD</td><td>20AT ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>none 1200-3500</td><td>95</td><td>10 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20Q CMS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>none 580-3100</td><td>95</td><td>11 AABOUD</td><td>19AS ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 1300-3100</td><td>95</td><td>12 AAD</td><td>19D ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>>3800</td><td>95</td><td>13 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AA CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>>3700</td><td>95</td><td>14 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19CP CMS</td><td>Z' → WW, HZ, <span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span><sup>+</sup> <span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span><sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>>1800</td><td>95</td><td>15 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19I CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 600-2100</td><td>95</td><td>16 AABOUD</td><td>18AB ATLS</td><td>Z' → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 500-2830</td><td>95</td><td>17 AABOUD</td><td>18AI ATLS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 300-3000</td><td>95</td><td>18 AABOUD</td><td>18AK ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>>1300</td><td>95</td><td>19 AABOUD</td><td>18B ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>none 400-3000</td><td>95</td><td>20 AABOUD</td><td>18BI ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 1200-2800</td><td>95</td><td>21 AABOUD</td><td>18F ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>>2300</td><td>95</td><td>22 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18ED CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 1200-2700</td><td>95</td><td>23 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18P CMS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>>2900</td><td>95</td><td>24 AABOUD</td><td>17AK ATLS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>none 1100-2600</td><td>95</td><td>25 AABOUD</td><td>17AO ATLS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>>2300</td><td>95</td><td>26 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AK CMS</td><td>Z' → WW, HZ</td></tr><tr><td>>2500</td><td>95</td><td>27 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17Q CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>>1190</td><td>95</td><td>28 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17R CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>none 1210-2260</td><td>95</td><td>28 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17R CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr></tbody></table>

● ● ● We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. ● ● ●

<table><tbody><tr><td>29 AAD</td><td>23BF ATLS</td><td>DM simplified Z'</td></tr><tr><td>30 AAD</td><td>23W ATLS</td><td>dark Higgs Z'</td></tr><tr><td>31 AAD</td><td>23X ATLS</td><td>L<sub>&mu;</sub> - L<sub>&tau;</sub></td></tr><tr><td>32 ADACHI</td><td>23B BEL2</td><td>L<sub>&mu;</sub> - L<sub>&tau;</sub></td></tr><tr><td>33 ADACHI</td><td>23F BEL2</td><td>L<sub>&mu;</sub> - L<sub>&tau;</sub></td></tr><tr><td>34 HAYRAPETY...23D</td><td>CMS</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>35 HAYRAPETY...23G</td><td>CMS</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>36 LI</td><td>23I ASTR</td><td>Steller cooling</td></tr><tr><td>37 MANZARI</td><td>23 ASTR</td><td>DM mediator Z'</td></tr><tr><td>38 AAD</td><td>22 ATLS</td><td>pp → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span>Z'<sub>2</sub> → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span>b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>39 AAD</td><td>22D ATLS</td><td>DM mediator Z'</td></tr><tr><td>40 ANDREEV</td><td>22 CALO</td><td>electron beam dump</td></tr><tr><td>41 BONET</td><td>22 HPGE</td><td>&nu;-nucleus scattring</td></tr><tr><td>42 COLOMA</td><td>22 RVUE</td><td>&nu;-nucleus scattering</td></tr><tr><td>43 COLOMA</td><td>22A RVUE</td><td>&nu;-e scattering</td></tr><tr><td>44 CZANK</td><td>22 BELL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup> Z'(<sup>→</sup><sub>&mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></sub>)</td></tr><tr><td>45 TUMASYAN</td><td>22AA CMS</td><td>Z' → SVJs</td></tr><tr><td>46 AAD</td><td>21AQ ATLS</td><td>pp, <sup>l</sup><sub>+</sub> <sup>l</sup><sub>-</sub> <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>+</sub> <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>-</sub></td></tr><tr><td>47 AAD</td><td>21AZ ATLS</td><td>DM mediator Z'</td></tr><tr><td>48 AAD</td><td>21BB ATLS</td><td>Z' → AH</td></tr><tr><td>49 AAD</td><td>21D ATLS</td><td>dark Higgs Z'</td></tr><tr><td>50 AAD</td><td>21K ATLS</td><td>Z' → &chi;&chi;</td></tr><tr><td>51 BURAS</td><td>21 RVUE</td><td>leptophilic Z'</td></tr><tr><td>52 CADEDDU</td><td>21 RVUE</td><td>&nu;-nucleus scattering</td></tr><tr><td>53 COLARESI</td><td>21 HPGE</td><td>&nu;-nucleus scattering</td></tr><tr><td>54 KRIBS</td><td>21 RVUE</td><td>ep scattering</td></tr><tr><td>55 TUMASYAN</td><td>21D CMS</td><td>Z' → &chi;&chi;</td></tr><tr><td>56 AAD</td><td>20AF ATLS</td><td>Z' → H&gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>57 AAD</td><td>20T ATLS</td><td>DM simplified Z'</td></tr><tr><td>58 AAD</td><td>20W ATLS</td><td>DM simplified Z'</td></tr><tr><td>59 AAIJ</td><td>20AL LHCB</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>60 ADACHI</td><td>20 BEL2</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup> Z',<br/>e<sup>&pm;</sup>&mu;<sup>&mp;</sup> Z'</td></tr><tr><td>61 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AI CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>62 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20AQ CMS</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>63 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20M CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>64 AABOUD</td><td>19AJ ATLS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>65 AABOUD</td><td>19D ATLS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>66 AABOUD</td><td>19V ATLS</td><td>DM simplified Z'</td></tr><tr><td>67 AAD</td><td>19L ATLS</td><td>Z' → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, &mu;<sup>+</sup>&mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>68 AAD</td><td>19 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>69 PANDEY</td><td>19 RVUE</td><td>neutrino NSI</td></tr><tr><td>70 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AL CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span>, T → Ht,<br/>Zt, Wb</td></tr><tr><td>71 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19AN CMS</td><td>DM simplified Z'</td></tr><tr><td>72 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19CB CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>73 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19CD CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>74 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19D CMS</td><td>Z' → H&gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>75 AABOUD</td><td>18AA ATLS</td><td>Z' → H&gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>76 AABOUD</td><td>18CJ ATLS</td><td>Z' → WW, HZ, <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>+</sub> <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>-</sub></td></tr><tr><td>77 AABOUD</td><td>18N ATLS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>78 AAIJ</td><td>18AQ LHCB</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>79 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18DR CMS</td><td>Z' → &mu;<sup>+</sup> &mu;<sup>-</sup></td></tr><tr><td>80 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18G CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>81 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18I CMS</td><td>Z' → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>82 AABOUD</td><td>17B ATLS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td></tr><tr><td>83 KHACHATRY...17AX CMS</td><td>Z' → <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>+</sub> <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>-</sub></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>84 KHACHATRY...17U CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>85 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17A CMS</td><td>Z' → WW</td></tr><tr><td>86 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17AP CMS</td><td>Z' → H&Lambda;</td></tr><tr><td>87 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17T CMS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>88 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17V CMS</td><td>Z' → T<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>89 AABOUD</td><td>16 ATLS</td><td>Z' → b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span></td></tr><tr><td>90 AAD</td><td>16L ATLS</td><td>Z' → a<sub>&gamma;</sub>, a → &gamma;&gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>91 AAD</td><td>16S ATLS</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr><tr><td>92 KHACHATRY...16AP CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>93 KHACHATRY...16E CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>94 AAD</td><td>15AQ ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>95 AAD</td><td>15AT ATLS</td><td>monotop</td></tr><tr><td>96 AAD</td><td>15CD ATLS</td><td>H → ZZ', Z'<sup>+</sup> Z'<sup>-</sup><br/>Z' → <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>+</sub> <sup>&ell;</sup><sub>-</sub></td></tr><tr><td>97 KHACHATRY...15F CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td><td>monotop</td></tr><tr><td>98 KHACHATRY...15O CMS</td><td>Z' → HZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>99 AAD</td><td>14AT ATLS</td><td>Z' → Z&gamma;</td></tr><tr><td>100 KHACHATRY...14A CMS</td><td>Z' → VV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>101 MARTINEZ</td><td>14 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>102 AAD</td><td>13AQ ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>103 AAD</td><td>13G ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>103 AALTONEN</td><td>13A CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>104 CHATRCHYAN 13AP CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>103 CHATRCHYAN 13BM CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105 AAD</td><td>12BV ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>106 AAD</td><td>12K ATLS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>107 AALTONEN</td><td>12AR CDF</td><td>Chromophilic</td></tr><tr><td>108 AALTONEN</td><td>12N CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span>u</td></tr><tr><td>109 ABAZOV</td><td>12R D0</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>110 CHATRCHYAN 12AI CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>111 CHATRCHYAN 12AQ CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>103 CHATRCHYAN 12BL CMS</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>112 AALTONEN</td><td>11AD CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>113 AALTONEN</td><td>11AE CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>114 CHATRCHYAN 110 CMS</td><td>pp → tt</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115 AALTONEN</td><td>08D CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>115 AALTONEN</td><td>08Y CDF</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>115 ABAZOV</td><td>08AA D0</td><td>Z' → t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span></td></tr><tr><td>116 ABAZOV</td><td>04A D0</td><td>Repl. by ABAZOV 08AA</td></tr><tr><td>117 BARGER</td><td>03B COSM</td><td>Nucleosynthesis; light &nu;<sub>R</sub></td></tr><tr><td>118 CHO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>E<sub>6</sub>-motivated</td></tr><tr><td>119 CHO</td><td>98 RVUE</td><td>E<sub>6</sub>-motivated</td></tr><tr><td>120 ABE</td><td>97G CDF</td><td>Z' → q<span style="text-decoration: overline;">q</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote n="1">¹ AAD 230 search for resonances decaying to HZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2800$ GeV for $g_V = 1$.</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² TUMASYAN 23AF search for resonance decaying to b<span style="text-decoration: overline;">b</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 1$. See their Fig. 4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ TUMASYAN 23AP search for resonances decaying to WW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 4.8$ TeV assuming $M_W' = M_{Z'}$ and combining $W' \to WZ, W' \to WH, Z' \to WW, Z' \to ZH$ channels.</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ TUMASYAN 23AP search for resonances decaying to ZH in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 4.8$ TeV assuming $M_W' = M_{Z'}$ and combining $W' \to WZ, W' \to WH, Z' \to WW, Z' \to ZH$ channels.</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ TUMASYAN 22D search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $W'$ with $g_V = 3$ produced mainly via Drell-Yan.</footnote>

<footnote n="6">⁶ SIRUNYAN 21X search for resonances decaying to HZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 3500$ GeV for $g_V = 1$.</footnote>

<footnote n="7">⁷ AAD 20AJ search for resonances decaying to HZ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2200$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. See their Fig. 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="8">⁸ AAD 20AM search for a resonance decaying to t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for a leptophilic top-color $Z'$ with $\Gamma_{Z'} / M_{Z'} = 0.01$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 4700$ GeV for $\Gamma_{Z'} / M_{Z'} = 0.03$.</footnote>

<footnote n="9">⁹ AAD 20AT search for resonances decaying to WW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 3500$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. See their Fig. 14 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="10">¹⁰ SIRUNYAN 20Q search for resonances decaying to WW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$.</footnote>

<footnote n="11">¹¹ AABOUD 19AS search for a resonance decaying to t<span style="text-decoration: overline;">t</span> in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for a top-color $Z'$ with $\Gamma_{Z'} / M_{Z'} = 0.01$. Limits are also set on $Z'$ masses in simplified Dark Matter models.</footnote>
<footnote n="12">12 AAD 19D search for resonances decaying to WW in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2900$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 3800$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 3500$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig. 9 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="13">13 SIRUNYAN 19AA search for a resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a leptophobic top-color $Z'$ with $\Gamma_{Z'}/M_{Z'} = 0.01$.</footnote>

<footnote n="14">14 SIRUNYAN 19CP present a statistical combinations of searches for $Z'$ decaying to pairs of bosons or leptons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 4500$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $M_{Z'} > 5000$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="15">15 SIRUNYAN 19I search for resonances decaying to $ZW$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2800$ GeV if we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$.</footnote>

<footnote n="16">16 AABOUD 18AB search for resonances decaying to $b\bar{b}$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit above is for a leptophobic $Z'$ with SM-like couplings to quarks. See their Fig. 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$. Additional limits on a $Z'$ axial-vector mediator in a simplified dark-matter model are shown in Fig. 7.</footnote>

<footnote n="17">17 AABOUD 18AI search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2650$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{W'} = M_{Z'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 2930$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 2800$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="18">18 AABOUD 18AK search for resonances decaying to $WW$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2750$ GeV for $g_V = 1$.</footnote>

<footnote n="19">19 AABOUD 18b search for resonances decaying to $WW$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 1$. See their Fig.11 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="20">20 AABOUD 18BI search for a resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a top-color assisted TC $Z'$ with $\Gamma_{Z'}/M_{Z'} = 0.01$. The limits for wider resonances are available. See their Fig. 14 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="21">21 AABOUD 18f search for resonances decaying to $WW$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2200$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 3500$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 3100$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="22">22 SIRUNYAN 18ED search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 2900$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 2800$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively.</footnote>

<footnote n="23">23 SIRUNYAN 18P give this limit for a heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. If they assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases to $M_{Z'} > 3800$ GeV.</footnote>

<footnote n="24">24 AABOUD 17AK search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic $Z'$ boson having axial-vector coupling strength with quarks $g_q = 0.2$. The limit is 2100 GeV if $g_q = 0.1$.</footnote>

<footnote n="25">25 AABOUD 17AO search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a $Z'$ in the heavy-vector-triplet model with $g_V = 3$. See their Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="26">26 SIRUNYAN 17AK search for resonances decaying to $WW$ or $HZ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 and 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 2200$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 2400$ GeV for both $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$. See their Fig.1 and 2 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="27">27 SIRUNYAN 17Q search for a resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a resonance with relative width $\Gamma_{Z'}/M_{Z'} = 0.01$. Limits for wider resonances are available. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="28">28 SIRUNYAN 17R search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. Mass regions $M_{Z'} < 1150$ GeV and 1250 GeV $< M_{Z'} < 1670$ GeV are excluded for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the excluded mass regions are 1000 $< M_{Z'} < 2500$ GeV and 2760 $< M_{Z'} < 3300$ GeV for $g_V = 3$; 1000 $< M_{Z'} < 2430$ GeV and 2810 $< M_{Z'} < 3130$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. See their Fig.5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="29">29 AAD 23BF search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified $Z'$ produced in association with $W$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9(c) for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ as a function of $M_{Z'}$.</footnote>

<footnote n="30">30 AAD 23W set limits on a dark Higgs model with a spin-1 mediator $Z'$ and a dark Higgs $s$. Dark Higgs $s$ is assumed to decay into $WW$. See their Fig. 9 for limits in $M_{Z'} - M_S$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="31">31 AAD 23X set limits on $L_\mu - L_\tau$ of $Z'$ using four-muon final states in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="32">32 ADACHI 23B search for $Z'$ produced in association with $\mu^+\mu^-$ and decaying invisibly in $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.58 GeV. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="33">33 ADACHI 23F search for resonances decaying to $\tau^+\tau^- \to \mu^+\mu^-\tau^+\tau^-$ events in $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.58 GeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="34">34 HAYRAPETYAN 23D search for $\mu^+\mu^-$ resonance produced in association with one or more $b$-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits in the mass-coupling plane of the $B_3-L_2$ $Z'$ model.</footnote>

<footnote n="35">35 HAYRAPETYAN 23G search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the mass ranges of 1.1-2.6 GeV and 4.2-7.9 GeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="36">36 LI 23I limits on light $Z'$ couplings are derived from the steller cooling bounds in the mass range of $10^4-10^6$ eV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on dark photon, $B-L$, $L_\mu-L_\tau$, and $L_e-L_\mu(\tau)$ models.</footnote>

<footnote n="37">37 MANZARI 23 study supernova cooling induced by the emission of light dark fermions $\chi$ assumed to couple with leptons via a new massive vector boson $Z'$. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="38">38 AAD 22 search for $b\bar{b}Z'$ productions in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay into $b\bar{b}$. See their Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="39">39 AAD 22D search for DM mediator $Z'$ produced in association with a $Z$ boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay invisibly $Z' \to \chi\chi$. See their Fig. 4 for limits in $M_{Z'} - M_\chi$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="40">40 ANDREEV 22 search for missing energy in CERN NA64-e experiment. See their Fig. 7 for limits on couplings of $U(1)$ gauge $L_\mu - L_\tau$ $Z'$ models, in the mass range of 1 MeV $< M_{Z'} < 600$ MeV with the kinetic $Z' - \gamma$ mixing being determined by $\mu$ and $\tau$ loops.</footnote>

<footnote n="41">41 BONET 22 obtain limits on $Z'$ coupling from $\nu$-nucleus scattering data collected by the CONUS experiment at the nuclear power plant in Brodorf. See their Fig. 5 for limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="42">42 COLOMA 22 set limits on $Z'$ coupling from $\nu$-nucleus and $\nu$-e scattering data collected by a Ge detector at the Dresden-II power reactor and the COHERENT experiment. See their Fig. 6 for limits in mass-coupling plane in the mass range of 1 keV $< M_{Z'} < 5$ GeV.</footnote>

<footnote n="43">43 COLOMA 22A use Borexino Phase-II spectral data to constrain $Z'$ couplings. See their Fig. 5 for limits in mass-coupling plane in the mass range of 10 keV $< M_{Z'} < 100$ MeV.</footnote>

<footnote n="44">44 CZANK 22 search for $Z'$ produced in association with $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $e^+e^-$ collisions at and near $\tau$ resonances. $Z'$ is assumed to decay into $\mu^+\mu^-$. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $Z'\mu\mu$ couplings.</footnote>

<footnote n="45">45 TUMASYAN 22AA search for $Z'$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay into two "sem invisible" jets (SVJ), i.e., collimated mixtures of visible and invisible particles. See their Fig. 7 and 8 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="46">46 AAD 21AQ limits are for a $B-L$ gauge boson model derived from their measurements on four-lepton differential cross sections. See their Fig. 13 for exclusion limits on the $B-L$ breaking Higgs boson mass.</footnote>

<footnote n="47">47 AAD 21AZ search for DM mediator $Z'$ produced in association with a SM Higgs boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay invisibly $Z' \to \chi\chi$. See their Fig.7 for limits in $M_{Z'} - M_\chi$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="48">48 AAD 21BB search for $Z'$ productions in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay into a SM Higgs boson $H$ and an invisible particle $A$. See their Fig.7 for limits in $M_{Z'} - M_A$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="49">49 AAD 21D set limits on a dark Higgs model with a spin-1 mediator $Z'$ and a scalar dark Higgs boson $s$. Dark Higgs $s$ is assumed to decay into $WW$ or $ZZ$. See their Fig.4 for limits in $M_{Z'} - M_S$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="50">50 AAD 21K search for $\gamma + \not{E}_T$ events in $pp$ collision at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $Z'$ particle invisibly decaying to $\chi\chi$.</footnote>

<footnote n="51">51 BURAS 21 performed global fit to leptophilic $Z'$ models using a large number of observables.</footnote>

<footnote n="52">52 CAEDDUDU 21 obtain limits on $Z'$ coupling $g_{Z'}$ from coherent $\nu$-nucleus scattering data collected by the COHERENT experiment. For limits in the $M_{Z'}-\not{g}_{Z'}$ plane, see their Figures 3 and 4 for the universal $Z'$ model and Figures 5 and 6 for the $B-L$ model.</footnote>

<footnote n="53">53 COLARESI 21 obtain limits on $Z'$ coupling from coherent $\nu$-nucleus scattering data collected by a Ge detector at the Dresden-II power reactor. See their Fig.7 for limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="54">54 KRIBS 21 set decay-agnostic limits on kinetic mixing parameter between $U(1)_Y$ field and heavy abelian vector boson (dark photon) field using the HERA $ep$ collision data. See their Fig. 3 for limits in mass-mixing plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="55">55 TUMASYAN 21D search for energetic jets + $\not{E}_T$ events in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. $Z'$ is assumed to decay into a pair of invisible particles $\chi\chi$. See their Fig. 7 for limits on signal strength in $M_{Z'} - M_\chi$ plane, and Fig. 8 for limits on signal strength in quark and dark matter coupling vs mediator mass.</footnote>

<footnote n="56">56 AAD 20AF search for resonances decaying to $H^+H^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 1c for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ for the mass range $0.7 < M_{Z'} < 4$ TeV.</footnote>

<footnote n="57">57 AAD 20T search for Dark Matter mediator $Z'$ decaying invisibly or decaying to $q\bar{q}$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \not{g}_q$ plane from the inclusive category. See their Fig. 7(a) for limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, b-tagging efficiency, and branching fraction from the 2 b-tag category.</footnote>

<footnote n="58">58 AAD 20W search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified model $Z'$ produced in association with $W$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on $Z'$ production cross section.</footnote>

<footnote n="59">59 AAIJ 20AL search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the mass regions $M_{Z'} < 60$ GeV, with non-negligible widths considered above 20 GeV. See their Figs. 7, 8, and 9 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.</footnote>

<footnote n="60">60 ADACHI 20 search for production of $Z'$ in $e^+e^-$ events at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The $Z'$ is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 for limits on $Z'$ coupling and $\sigma(e^+e^- \to e^+e^- \mu^+\mu^-)$.</footnote>

<footnote n="61">61 SIRUNYAN 20AI search for broad resonances decaying into dijets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 11 for exclusion limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="62">62 SIRUNYAN 20AQ search for a narrow resonance lighter than 200 GeV decaying to $\mu^+\mu^-$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $Z'$ kinetic mixing coefficient.</footnote>

<footnote n="63">63 SIRUNYAN 20M search for a narrow resonance with a mass between 350 and 700 GeV in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig.3 for exclusion limits in mass-coupling plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="64">64 AABOUD 19AJ search in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV for a new resonance decaying to $q\bar{q}$ and produced in association with a high $p_T$ photon. For a leptophilic axial-vector $Z'$ in the mass region $250 < M_{Z'} < 950$ GeV, the $Z'$ coupling with quarks $g_q$ is constrained below 0.18. See their Fig.2 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \not{g}_q$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="65">65 AABOUD 19D search in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV for a new resonance decaying to $q\bar{q}$ and produced in association with a high-$p_T$ photon or jet. For a leptophilic axial-vector $Z'$ in the mass region $100 < M_{Z'} < 220$ GeV, the $Z'$ coupling with quarks $g_q$ is constrained below 0.23. See their Fig. 6 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \not{g}_q$ plane.</footnote>

<footnote n="66">66 AABOUD 19V search for Dark Matter simplified $Z'$ decaying invisibly or decaying to fermion pair in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.</footnote>
# Gauge & Higgs Boson Particle Listings
## New Heavy Bosons

67 AAD 19L search for resonances decaying to $ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits in the heavy vector triplet model couplings.

68 LONG 19 uses the weak charge data of Cesium and proton to constrain mass of $Z'$ in the 3-3-1 models.

69 PANDEY 19 obtain limits on $Z'$ induced neutrino non-standard interaction (NSI) parameter $\epsilon$ from LHC and IceCube data. See their Fig.2 for limits in $M_{Z'} - \epsilon$ plane, where $\epsilon = g_q g_{\nu} v^2 / (2 M_{Z'}^2)$.

70 SIRUNYAN 19AL search for a new resonance decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like top partner in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on $Z'$ production cross section.

71 SIRUNYAN 19AN search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified model $Z'$ decaying to H DM DM in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on the signal strength modifiers.

72 SIRUNYAN 19CB search in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV for a new resonance decaying to $q\bar{q}$. For a leptophobic $Z'$ in the mass region 50-300 GeV, the $Z'$ coupling with quarks $g'_q$ is constrained below 0.2. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for limits on $g'_q$ in the mass range 50 < $M_{Z'}$ < 450 GeV.

73 SIRUNYAN 19CD search in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV for a leptophobic $Z'$ produced in association of high $p_T$ ISR photon and decaying to $q\bar{q}$. See their Fig. 2 for limits on the $Z'$ coupling strength $g'_q$ to $q\bar{q}$ in the mass range between 10 and 125 GeV.

74 SIRUNYAN 19D search for a narrow neutral vector resonance decaying to $H\gamma$. See their Fig. 3 for exclusion limit in $M_{Z'} - \sigma \cdot B$ plane. Upper limits on the production of $H\gamma$ resonances are set as a function of the resonance mass in the range of 720-3250 GeV.

75 AABOUD 18AA search for a narrow neutral vector boson decaying to $H\gamma$. See their Fig. 10 for the exclusion limit in $M_{Z'} - \sigma \cdot B$ plane.

76 AABOUD 18CJ search for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for model with $g_V = 3$ assuming $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 5500$ GeV for model with $g_V = 1$.

77 AABOUD 18N search for a narrow resonance decaying to $q\bar{q}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV using trigger level analysis to improve the low mass region sensitivity. See their Fig. 5 for limits in the mass-coupling plane in the $Z'$ mass range 450-1800 GeV.

78 AAIJ 18AQ search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances decaying to $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and 8 TeV in the mass region near 10 GeV. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

79 SIRUNYAN 18DR searches for $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ resonances produced in association with b-jets in the pp collision data with $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV and 13 TeV. An excess of events near $m_{\mu\mu} = 28$ GeV is observed in the 8 TeV data. See their Fig. 3 for the measured fiducial signal cross sections at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV and the 95% CL upper limits at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

80 SIRUNYAN 18G search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV in the mass range 50-300 GeV. See their Fig.7 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.

81 SIRUNYAN 18I search for a narrow resonance decaying to $b\bar{b}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV using dedicated b-tagged dijet triggers to improve the sensitivity in the low mass region. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ in the $Z'$ mass range 325-1200 GeV.

82 AABOUD 17B search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ ($H \to b\bar{b}$, $c\bar{c}$, $Z \to \ell^+\ell^-$, $\nu\bar{\nu}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 1490$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 2310$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 1730$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig.3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

83 KHACHATRYAN 17AX search for lepto-phobic resonances decaying to four leptons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.

84 KHACHATRYAN 17U search for resonances decaying to $HZ$ ($H \to b\bar{b}$; $Z \to \ell^+\ell^-$, $\nu\bar{\nu}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit on the heavy-vector-triplet model is $M_{Z'} = M_{W'} > 2$ TeV for $g_V = 3$, in which constraints from the $W' \to HW$ ($H \to b\bar{b}$; $W \to \ell\nu$) are combined. See their Fig.3 and Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

85 SIRUNYAN 17A search for resonances decaying to $WW$ with $WW \to \ell\nu q\bar{q}$, $q\bar{q}q\bar{q}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$. The limit becomes $M_{Z'} > 1600$ GeV for $g_V = 1$. If we assume $M_{Z'} = M_{W'}$, the limit increases $M_{Z'} > 2400$ GeV and $M_{Z'} > 2300$ GeV for $g_V = 3$ and $g_V = 1$, respectively. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

86 SIRUNYAN 17AP search for resonances decaying into a SM-like Higgs scalar H and a light pseudo scalar A. A is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig.9 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

87 SIRUNYAN 17T search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV in the mass range 100-300 GeV. See their Fig.3 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.

88 SIRUNYAN 17V search for a new resonance decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like top partner T in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Table 5 for limits on the $Z'$ production cross section for various values of $M_{Z'}$ and $M_T$ in the range of $M_{Z'} = 1500-2500$ GeV and $M_T = 700-1500$ GeV.

89 AABOUD 16 search for a narrow resonance decaying into $b\bar{b}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic $Z'$ with SM-like couplings to quarks. See their Fig.6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

90 AAD 16L search for $Z' \to a\gamma$, $a \to \gamma\gamma$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. See their Table 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

91 AAD 16S search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic $Z'$ having coupling strength with quark $g_q = 0.3$ and is taken from their Figure 3.

92 KHACHATRYAN 16AP search for a resonance decaying to $HZ$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. Both H and Z are assumed to decay to fat jets. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V = 3$.

93 KHACHATRYAN 16E search for a leptophobic top-color $Z'$ decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes that $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.012$. Also $m_{Z'} < 2.9$ TeV is excluded for wider topcolor $Z'$ with $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.1$.

94 AAD 15AO search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. See Fig. 11 for limit on $\sigma B$.

95 AAD 15AT search for monoproduction plus large missing $E_T$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV and give constraints on a $Z'$ model having $Z' u\bar{t}$ coupling. $Z'$ is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

96 AAD 15CD search for decays of Higgs bosons to 4 $\ell$ states via $Z'$ bosons, $H \to Z Z' \to 4\ell$ or $H \to Z' Z' \to 4\ell$. See Fig. 5 for the limit on the signal strength of the $H \to Z Z' \to 4\ell$ process and Fig. 16 for the limit on $H \to Z' Z' \to 4\ell$.

97 KHACHATRYAN 15F search for monoproduction plus large missing $E_T$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV and give constraints on a $Z'$ model having $Z' u\bar{t}$ coupling. $Z'$ is assumed to decay invisibly. See Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma B$.

98 KHACHATRYAN 15O search for narrow $Z'$ resonance decaying to $ZH$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limit on $\sigma B$.

99 AAD 14AT search for a narrow neutral vector boson decaying to $Z\gamma$. See their Fig. 3b for the exclusion limit in $M_{Z'} - \sigma B$ plane.

100 KHACHATRYAN 14A search for new resonance in the $WW$ ($\ell\nu q\bar{q}$) and the $ZZ$ ($\ell\ell q\bar{q}$) channels using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. See their Fig.13 for the exclusion limit on the number of events in the mass-width plane.

101 MARTINEZ 14 use various electroweak data to constrain the $Z'$ boson in the 3-3-1 models.

102 AAD 13AQ search for a leptophobic top-color $Z'$ decaying to $t\bar{t}$. The quoted limit assumes that $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.012$.

103 CHATRCHYAN 13BM search for top-color $Z'$ decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The quoted limit is for $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.012$.

104 CHATRCHYAN 13AP search for top-color leptophobic $Z'$ decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. The quoted limit is for $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.012$.

105 AAD 12BV search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

106 AAD 12K search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

107 AALTONEN 12AR search for chromophilic $Z'$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

108 AALTONEN 12N search for $pp \to tZ'$, $Z' \to t\bar{t}$ events in $pp$ collisions. See their Fig. 3 for the limit for $\sigma \cdot B$.

109 ABAZOV 12R search for top-color $Z'$ boson decaying exclusively to $t\bar{t}$. The quoted limit is for $\Gamma_{Z'}/m_{Z'} = 0.012$.

110 CHATRCHYAN 12AI search for $pp \to t\bar{t}$ events and give constraints on a $Z'$ model having $Z' u\bar{t}$ coupling. See their Fig. 4 for the limit in mass-coupling plane.

111 Search for resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$. See their Fig. 6 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

112 Search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$. See their Fig. 4 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

113 Search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$. See their Fig. 3 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

114 CHATRCHYAN 110 search for same-sign top production in pp collisions induced by a hypothetical FCNC $Z'$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limit in mass-coupling plane.

115 Search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$. See their Fig. 3 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

116 Search for narrow resonance decaying to $t\bar{t}$. See their Fig. 2 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$.

117 BARGER 03B use the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino $\delta N_{\nu}$. See their Figs. 4-5 for limits in general $E_6$ motivated models.

118 CHO 00 use various electroweak data to constrain $Z'$ models assuming $m_H=100$ GeV. See Fig. 2 for limits in general $E_6$-motivated models.

119 CHO 98 study constraints on four-Fermi contact interactions obtained from low-energy electroweak experiments, assuming no $Z-Z'$ mixing.

120 Search for $Z'$ decaying to dijets at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV. For $Z'$ with electromagnetic strength coupling, no bound is obtained.

## Searches for $Z'$ with Lepton-Flavor-Violating decays

The following limits are obtained from $pp$ or $pp \to Z'X$ with $Z'$ decaying to the mode indicated in the comments.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN.</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>1 CABARCAS</td><td>24 RVUE</td><td>$Z' \to \mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2 AAD</td><td>23CB ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>3 TUMASYAN</td><td>23H CMS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>4 AABOUD</td><td>18CM ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>5 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18AT CMS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>6 AABOUD</td><td>16P ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>7 KHACHATRY...</td><td>16BE CMS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>8 AAD</td><td>15O ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu\tau$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>9 AAD</td><td>11H ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>10 AAD</td><td>11Z ATLS</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>11 ABULENCIA</td><td>06M CDF</td><td>$Z' \to e\mu$</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 CABARCAS 24 use constraints on the non-standard neutrino interactions reported by ANARETS and IceCube experiments to constrain $Z'$ models with $\mu\tau$ coupling. See their Figs. 1 and 2 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

2 AAD 23CB search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Figs.4, 5, and 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

3 TUMASYAN 23H search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

4 AABOUD 18CM search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Figs. 4, 5, and 6 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

5 SIRUNYAN 18AT search for a narrow resonance $Z'$ decaying into $e\mu$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig.5 for limit on $\sigma \cdot B$ in the range of 600 GeV < $M_{Z'}$ < 5000 GeV.

6 AABOUD 16P search for new particle with lepton flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Figs.2, 3, and 4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

7 KHACHATRYAN 16BE search for new particle $Z'$ with lepton flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV in the range of 200 GeV < $M_{Z'}$ < 2000 GeV. See their Fig.4 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$ and their Table 5 for bounds on various masses.

8 AAD 15O search for new particle $Z'$ with lepton flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV in the range of 500 GeV < $M_{Z'}$ < 3000 GeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on $\sigma B$.

9 AAD 11H search for new particle $Z'$ with lepton flavor violating decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV in the range of 700 GeV < $M_{Z'}$ < 1000 GeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.
10 AAD 11z search for new particle Z' with lepton flavor violating decay in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV in the range $700 \text{ GeV} < M_{Z'} < 2000 \text{ GeV}$. See their Fig. 3 for limits on $\sigma \cdot B$.

11 ABULENCIA 06M search for new particle Z' with lepton flavor violating decay in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV in the range of $100 \text{ GeV} < M_{Z'} < 800 \text{ GeV}$. See their Fig. 4 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.

## Indirect Constraints on Kaluza-Klein Gauge Bosons

Bounds on a Kaluza-Klein excitation of the Z boson or photon in $d=1$ extra dimension. These bounds can also be interpreted as a lower bound on $1/R$, the size of the extra dimension. Unless otherwise stated, bounds assume all fermions live on a single brane and all gauge fields occupy the $4+d$-dimensional bulk. See also the section on "Extra Dimensions" in the "Searches" Listings in this Review.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (TeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>• • •</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 4.7</td><td></td><td>1 MUECK</td><td>02 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 3.3</td><td>95</td><td>2 CORNET</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>$e\nu q\bar{q}$</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;5000</td><td></td><td>3 DELGADO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>$e'K$</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 2.6</td><td>95</td><td>4 DELGADO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 3.3</td><td>95</td><td>5 RIZZO</td><td>00 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 2.9</td><td>95</td><td>6 MARCIANO</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 2.5</td><td>95</td><td>7 MASIP</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 1.6</td><td>90</td><td>8 NATH</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 3.4</td><td>95</td><td>9 STRUMIA</td><td>99 RVUE</td><td>Electroweak</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 MUECK 02 limit is $2\sigma$ and is from global electroweak fit ignoring correlations among observables. Higgs is assumed to be confined on the brane and its mass is fixed. For scenarios of bulk Higgs, of brane-SU(2)$_L$, bulk-U(1)$_Y$, and of bulk-SU(2)$_L$, brane-U(1)$_Y$, the corresponding limits are $> 4.6$ TeV, $> 4.3$ TeV and $> 3.0$ TeV, respectively.

2 Bound is derived from limits on $e\nu q\bar{q}'$ contact interaction, using data from HERA and the Tevatron.

3 Bound holds only if first two generations of quarks lives on separate branes. If quark mixing is not complex, then bound lowers to 400 TeV from $\Delta m_K$.

4 See Figs. 1 and 2 of DELGADO 00 for several model variations. Special boundary conditions can be found which permit KK states down to 950 GeV and that agree with the measurement of $Q_W$ (Cs). Quoted bound assumes all Higgs bosons confined to brane; placing one Higgs doublet in the bulk lowers bound to 2.3 TeV.

5 Bound is derived from global electroweak analysis assuming the Higgs field is trapped on the matter brane. If the Higgs propagates in the bulk, the bound increases to 3.8 TeV.

6 Bound is derived from global electroweak analysis but considering only presence of the KK W bosons.

7 Global electroweak analysis used to obtain bound independent of position of Higgs on brane or in bulk.

8 Bounds from effect of KK states on $G_F$, $\alpha$, $M_W$, and $M_Z$. Hard cutoff at string scale determined using gauge coupling unification. Limits for $d=2,3,4$ rise to 3.5, 5.7, and 7.8 TeV.

9 Bound obtained for Higgs confined to the matter brane with $m_H=500$ GeV. For Higgs in the bulk, the bound increases to 3.5 TeV.

## See the related review(s):

### Leptoquarks

### MASS LIMITS for Leptoquarks from Pair Production

These limits rely only on the color or electroweak charge of the leptoquark.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1300</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>23B ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(cτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1460</td><td>95</td><td>2 AAD</td><td>23CF ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(br) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1910</td><td>95</td><td>3 AAD</td><td>23CF ATLS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1, B(br) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1460</td><td>95</td><td>4 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tν) = B(bμ) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1440</td><td>95</td><td>5 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tν) = B(bε) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1370</td><td>95</td><td>6 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tμ) = B(bν) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1390</td><td>95</td><td>7 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(te) = B(bν) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1980</td><td>95</td><td>8 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1, B(tν) = B(bμ) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1900</td><td>95</td><td>9 AAD</td><td>23F ATLS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1, B(te) = B(te) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1340</td><td>95</td><td>10 TUMASYAN</td><td>22H CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(te) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1420</td><td>95</td><td>11 TUMASYAN</td><td>22H CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(te) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1120</td><td>95</td><td>12 TUMASYAN</td><td>22H CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1480</td><td>95</td><td>13 AAD</td><td>21AG ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(te) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1470</td><td>95</td><td>14 AAD</td><td>21AG ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tμ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1190</td><td>95</td><td>15 AAD</td><td>21AW ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(br) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1030</td><td>95</td><td>16 AAD</td><td>21AW ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1760</td><td>95</td><td>17 AAD</td><td>21AW ATLS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. B(bτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1260</td><td>95</td><td>18 AAD</td><td>21S ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(bν) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1430</td><td>95</td><td>19 AAD</td><td>21T ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 950</td><td>95</td><td>20 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21J CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tτ) = B(bν) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1650</td><td>95</td><td>21 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21J CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1, B(tν) = B(bτ) = 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1800</td><td>95</td><td>22 AAD</td><td>20AK ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(eq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1700</td><td>95</td><td>23 AAD</td><td>20AK ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1240</td><td>95</td><td>24 AAD</td><td>20S ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tν) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1185</td><td>95</td><td>25 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1140</td><td>95</td><td>26 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1140</td><td>95</td><td>27 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νq) = 1 with q = u, d, s, c</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1925</td><td>95</td><td>28 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. B(νb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1825</td><td>95</td><td>29 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. B(νt) = 1</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1980</td><td>95</td><td>30 SIRUNYAN</td><td>20A CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1, B(νq) = 1 with q = u, d, s, c</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1400</td><td>95</td><td>31 AABOUD</td><td>19AX ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(eq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1560</td><td>95</td><td>32 AABOUD</td><td>19AX ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1000</td><td>95</td><td>33 AABOUD</td><td>19X ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tν) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1030</td><td>95</td><td>34 AABOUD</td><td>19X ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(bτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 970</td><td>95</td><td>35 AABOUD</td><td>19X ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(bν) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 920</td><td>95</td><td>36 AABOUD</td><td>19X ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tτ) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1530</td><td>95</td><td>37 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BI CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μq) + B(νq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1435</td><td>95</td><td>38 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19BJ CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(eq) + B(νq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1420</td><td>95</td><td>39 SIRUNYAN</td><td>19Y CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1100</td><td>95</td><td>40 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18CZ CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1420</td><td>95</td><td>41 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18EC CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1190</td><td>95</td><td>42 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18EC CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. μt, τt, νb</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1100</td><td>95</td><td>43 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 980</td><td>95</td><td>44 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νq) = 1 with q = u, d, s, c</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1020</td><td>95</td><td>45 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(tν) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1810</td><td>95</td><td>46 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. LQ → bν</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1790</td><td>95</td><td>47 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. LQ → qν with q = u, d, s, c</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1780</td><td>95</td><td>48 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18U CMS</td><td>Vector LQ. κ = 1. LQ → tν</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 740</td><td>95</td><td>49 KHACHATRY...17J CMS</td><td>17H CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 850</td><td>95</td><td>50 SIRUNYAN</td><td>17H CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1050</td><td>95</td><td>51 AAD</td><td>16G ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(eq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1000</td><td>95</td><td>52 AAD</td><td>16G ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 625</td><td>95</td><td>53 AAD</td><td>16G ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νb) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;200-640</td><td>95</td><td>54 AAD</td><td>16G ATLS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(νt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1010</td><td>95</td><td>55 KHACHATRY...16AF CMS</td><td>16AF CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(eq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1080</td><td>95</td><td>56 KHACHATRY...16AF CMS</td><td>16AF CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(μq) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 685</td><td>95</td><td>57 KHACHATRY...15AJ CMS</td><td>15AJ CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τt) = 1</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 740</td><td>95</td><td>58 KHACHATRY...14T CMS</td><td>14T CMS</td><td>Scalar LQ. B(τb) = 1</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>• • •</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&gt;534</td><td>95</td><td>60 AAD</td><td>13AE ATLS</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 525</td><td>95</td><td>61 CHATRCHYAN 13M CMS</td><td>13M CMS</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 660</td><td>95</td><td>62 AAD</td><td>12H ATLS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 685</td><td>95</td><td>63 AAD</td><td>120 ATLS</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 830</td><td>95</td><td>64 CHATRCHYAN 12AG CMS</td><td>12AG CMS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 840</td><td>95</td><td>65 CHATRCHYAN 12AG CMS</td><td>12AG CMS</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 450</td><td>95</td><td>66 CHATRCHYAN 12B0 CMS</td><td>12B0 CMS</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 376</td><td>95</td><td>67 AAD</td><td>11D ATLS</td><td>Superseded by AAD 12H</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 422</td><td>95</td><td>68 AAD</td><td>11D ATLS</td><td>Superseded by AAD 120</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 326</td><td>95</td><td>69 ABAZOV</td><td>11V D0</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 339</td><td>95</td><td>70 CHATRCHYAN 11N CMS</td><td>11N CMS</td><td>Superseded by CHATRCHYAN 12AG</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 384</td><td>95</td><td>71 KHACHATRY...11D CMS</td><td>11D CMS</td><td>Superseded by CHATRCHYAN 12AG</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 394</td><td>95</td><td>72 KHACHATRY...11E CMS</td><td>11E CMS</td><td>Superseded by CHATRCHYAN 12AG</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 247</td><td>95</td><td>73 ABAZOV</td><td>10L D0</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 316</td><td>95</td><td>74 ABAZOV</td><td>09 D0</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 299</td><td>95</td><td>75 ABAZOV</td><td>09F D0</td><td>Superseded by ABAZOV 11V</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 153</td><td>95</td><td>76 AALTONEN</td><td>08P CDF</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 205</td><td>95</td><td>77 AALTONEN</td><td>08Z CDF</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 210</td><td>95</td><td>78 ABAZOV</td><td>08AD D0</td><td>All generations</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 98</td><td>95</td><td>77 ABAZOV</td><td>08AN D0</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 229</td><td>95</td><td>79 ABAZOV</td><td>07J D0</td><td>Superseded by ABAZOV 10L</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 251</td><td>95</td><td>80 ABAZOV</td><td>06A D0</td><td>Superseded by ABAZOV 09</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 136</td><td>95</td><td>81 ABAZOV</td><td>06L D0</td><td>Superseded by ABAZOV 08AD</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 226</td><td>95</td><td>82 ABULENCIA</td><td>06T CDF</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 256</td><td>95</td><td>83 ABAZOV</td><td>05H D0</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 117</td><td>95</td><td>78 ACOSTA</td><td>05I CDF</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 236</td><td>95</td><td>84 ACOSTA</td><td>05P CDF</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 99</td><td>95</td><td>85 ABBIENDI</td><td>03R OPAL</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 100</td><td>95</td><td>85 ABBIENDI</td><td>03R OPAL</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 98</td><td>95</td><td>85 ABBIENDI</td><td>03R OPAL</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 98</td><td>95</td><td>86 ABAZOV</td><td>02 D0</td><td>All generations</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 225</td><td>95</td><td>87 ABAZOV</td><td>01D D0</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 85.8</td><td>95</td><td>88 ABBIENDI</td><td>00M OPAL</td><td>Superseded by ABBIENDI 03R</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 85.5</td><td>95</td><td>88 ABBIENDI</td><td>00M OPAL</td><td>Superseded by ABBIENDI 03R</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 82.7</td><td>95</td><td>88 ABBIENDI</td><td>00M OPAL</td><td>Superseded by ABBIENDI 03R</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 200</td><td>95</td><td>89 ABBOTT</td><td>00C D0</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 123</td><td>95</td><td>90 AFFOLDER</td><td>00K CDF</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 148</td><td>95</td><td>91 AFFOLDER</td><td>00K CDF</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 160</td><td>95</td><td>92 ABBOTT</td><td>99J D0</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 225</td><td>95</td><td>93 ABBOTT</td><td>98E D0</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 94</td><td>95</td><td>94 ABBOTT</td><td>98J D0</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 202</td><td>95</td><td>95 ABE</td><td>98S CDF</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 242</td><td>95</td><td>96 GROSS-PILCH.98</td><td>98C D0</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 99</td><td>95</td><td>97 ABE</td><td>97F CDF</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 213</td><td>95</td><td>98 ABE</td><td>97X CDF</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 45.5</td><td>95</td><td>99,100 ABREU</td><td>93J DLPH</td><td>First + second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 44.4</td><td>95</td><td>101 ADRIANI</td><td>93M L3</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 44.5</td><td>95</td><td>101 ADRIANI</td><td>93M L3</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 45</td><td>95</td><td>101 DECAMP</td><td>92 ALEP</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>none 8.9-22.6</td><td>95</td><td>102 KIM</td><td>90 AMY</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>none 10.2-23.2</td><td>95</td><td>102 KIM</td><td>90 AMY</td><td>Second generation</td></tr></tbody></table>
none 5–20.8 95

none 7–20.5 95

103 BARTEL 81B JADE

104 BEHREND 86B CELL

¹AAD 23BJ search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to cτ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 8 for exclusion limit on σ as function of $M_{LQ}$.

²AAD 23CF search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to bτ. The limit quoted above is for scalar leptoquark. See their Fig. 9 for limits on leptoquark pair production cross sections.

³AAD 23CF search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to bτ. The limit quoted above is for vector leptoquark with $κ = 1$. The limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1650$ for vector leptoquark with $κ = 0$. See their Fig. 9 for limits on leptoquark pair production cross sections.

⁴AAD 23f search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\mu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\mu\nu) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

⁵AAD 23f search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\bar{b}\nu) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

⁶AAD 23f search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\mu$ and $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\mu\tau) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

⁷AAD 23f search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\tau\nu) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

⁸AAD 23f search for $κ = 1$ (YM coupling) vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\mu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. If $κ = 0$ (minimal coupling) is assumed, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1710$ GeV. See their Fig. 10 for exclusion contour in $B(\mu\nu) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

⁹AAD 23f search for $κ = 1$ (YM coupling) vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. If $κ = 0$ (minimal coupling) is assumed, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1620$ GeV. See their Fig. 10 for exclusion contour in $B(\bar{b}\nu) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

¹⁰TUMASYAN 22H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$. See their Fig. 27 for exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of $M_{LQ}$.

¹¹TUMASYAN 22H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\mu$. See their Fig. 27 for exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of $M_{LQ}$.

¹²TUMASYAN 22H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau$. See their Fig. 27 for exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of $M_{LQ}$.

¹³AAD 21AG search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$. See their Fig. 6 for exclusion limit on $B(\tau\nu)$ as function of $M_{LQ}$.

¹⁴AAD 21AG search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\mu$. See their Fig. 6 for exclusion limit on $B(\mu\tau)$ as function of $M_{LQ}$.

¹⁵AAD 21AW search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\tau$. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\bar{b}\tau) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

¹⁶AAD 21AW search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau$. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in $B(\tau\tau) - M_{LQ}$ plane.

¹⁷AAD 21AW search for $κ = 1$ vector leptoquarks decaying to $b\tau$. See their Fig. 10 for exclusion contour in $B(\bar{b}\tau) - M_{LQ}$ plane and for limit on $κ = 0$ vector leptoquarks.

¹⁸AAD 21S search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(b\nu) = 1$. For $B(b\nu) = 0.05$, the limit becomes 400 GeV.

¹⁹AAD 21T search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(t\tau) = 1$. For $B(t\tau) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 1220 GeV. See their Fig. 15b for limits on $B(\tau\tau)$ as a function of leptoquark mass.

²⁰SIRUNYAN 21J search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau$ and $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

²¹SIRUNYAN 21J search for vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\tau$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above assumes $κ = 1$. If we assume $κ = 0$, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1290$ GeV.

²²AAD 20AK search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $e\nu, e\bar{b}, e\mu, \bar{q}, \mu\bar{b}, \mu\bar{c}$. The quoted limit assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. See their Fig. 9 for limits on $B(e\bar{q})$, $B(\bar{b}\nu)$, $B(e\bar{c})$, $B(\mu\bar{q})$, $B(\mu\bar{b})$, $B(\mu\bar{c})$ as a function of leptoquark mass.

²³AAD 20AK search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $e\nu, e\bar{b}, e\mu, \bar{q}, \mu\bar{b}, \mu\bar{c}$. The quoted limit assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. See their Fig. 9 for limits on $B(e\bar{q})$, $B(\bar{b}\nu)$, $B(e\bar{c})$, $B(\mu\bar{q})$, $B(\mu\bar{b})$, $B(\mu\bar{c})$ as a function of leptoquark mass.

²⁴AAD 20S search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

²⁵SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(\nu b) = 1$.

²⁶SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(\nu t) = 1$.

²⁷SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(\nu q) = 1$.

²⁸SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark with $B(\nu b) = 1$ and $κ = 1$. If we assume $κ = 0$, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1560$ GeV.

²⁹SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark with $B(\nu t) = 1$ and $κ = 1$. If we assume $κ = 0$, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1475$ GeV.

³⁰SIRUNYAN 20A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$ ($q = u, d, s, c$). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark with $B(\nu q) = 1$ and $κ = 1$. If we assume $κ = 0$, the limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1560$ GeV.

³¹AABOUD 19AX search for leptoquarks using $eejj$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$.

³²AABOUD 19AX search for leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$.

³³AABOUD 19X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

³⁴AABOUD 19X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\tau$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

³⁵AABOUD 19X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\nu$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

³⁶AABOUD 19X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

³⁷SIRUNYAN 19BI search for a pair of scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\mu\mu jj$ and to $\mu\nu jj$ final states in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Limits are shown as a function of $\beta$ where $\beta$ is the branching fraction to a muon and a quark. For $\beta = 1.0$ (0.5) LQ masses up to 1530 (1285) GeV are excluded. See Fig. 9 for exclusion limits in the plane of $\beta$ and LQ mass.

³⁸SIRUNYAN 19BJ search for a pair of scalar leptoquarks decaying to $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ final states in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Limits are shown as a function of the branching fraction $\beta$ to an electron and a quark. For $\beta = 1.0$ (0.5) LQ masses up to 1435 (1270) GeV are excluded. See Fig. 9 for exclusion limits in the plane of $\beta$ and LQ mass.

³⁹SIRUNYAN 19V search for a pair of third generation scalar leptoquarks, each decaying to $\tau$ and a jet. Assuming $B(\tau b) = 1$, leptoquark masses below 1.02 TeV are excluded.

⁴⁰SIRUNYAN 18CZ search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\tau t$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau t) = 1$.

⁴¹SIRUNYAN 18EC set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $\mu t$, $\tau t$, and $\nu b$. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(\mu t) = 1$.

⁴²SIRUNYAN 18EC set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $\mu t$, $\tau t$, and $\nu b$. The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark with all possible combinations of branching fractions to $\mu t$, $\tau t$, and $\nu b$.

⁴³SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(b\nu) = 1$. Vector leptoquarks with $\kappa = 1$ are excluded below masses of 1810 GeV.

⁴⁴SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(q\nu) = 1$. Vector leptoquarks with $\kappa = 1$ are excluded below masses of 1790 GeV.

⁴⁵SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with $B(\nu t) = 1$. Vector leptoquarks with $\kappa = 1$ are excluded below masses of 1780 GeV.

⁴⁶SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. $\kappa = 1$ and $LQ \to b\nu$ are assumed.

⁴⁷SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. $\kappa = 1$ and $LQ \to b\nu$ with $q = u,d,s,c$ are assumed.

⁴⁸SIRUNYAN 18U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$, $b\nu$, and $q\nu$. $\kappa = 1$ and $LQ \to t\nu$ are assumed.

⁴⁹KHACHATRYAN 17J search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\tau b$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$.

⁵⁰SIRUNYAN 17H search for scalar leptoquarks using $\tau\tau b\bar{b}$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$.

⁵¹AAD 16G search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ events in collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(b\nu) = 1$.

⁵²AAD 16G search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ events in collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$.

⁵³AAD 16G search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\nu$. The limit above assumes $B(b\nu) = 1$.

⁵⁴AAD 16G search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$. The limit above assumes $B(t\nu) = 1$.

⁵⁵KHACHATRYAN 16AF search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 850 GeV.

⁵⁶KHACHATRYAN 16AF search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ and $\mu\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 760 GeV.

⁵⁷KHACHATRYAN 15AJ search for scalar leptoquarks using $\tau\tau t\bar{t}$ events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau t) = 1$.

⁵⁸KHACHATRYAN 14T search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\tau b$ using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$. See their Fig. 5 for the exclusion limit as function of $B(\tau b)$.

⁵⁹SIRUNYAN 19BC search for scalar leptoquark (LQ) pair production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. One LQ is assumed to decay to $\mu q$, while the other decays to dark matter pair and SM particles. See their Fig. 4 for limits in $M_{LQ} - M_{DM}$ plane.

⁶⁰AAD 13AE search for scalar leptoquarks using $\tau\tau b\bar{b}$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$.

⁶¹CHATRYCHYAN 13M search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to $\tau b$ in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above is for scalar leptoquarks with $B(\tau b) = 1$.

⁶²AAD 12H search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 60 GeV.

⁶³AAD 12O search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ and $\mu\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 594 GeV.

⁶⁴CHATRYCHYAN 12AG search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 640 GeV.

⁶⁵CHATRYCHYAN 12AG search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ and $\mu\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 650 GeV.

⁶⁶CHATRYCHYAN 12BO search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\nu b$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\nu b) = 1$.

⁶⁷AAD 11D search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 319 GeV.

⁶⁸AAD 11D search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ and $\mu\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 362 GeV.

⁶⁹ABAZOV 11V search for scalar leptoquarks using $e\nu jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$.

⁷⁰CHATRYCHYAN 11N search for scalar leptoquarks using $e\nu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$.

⁷¹KHACHATRYAN 11D search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$.

⁷²KHACHATRYAN 11E search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ events in pp collisions at $E_{cm} = 7$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$.

⁷³ABAZOV 10L search for pair productions of scalar leptoquark state decaying to $\nu b$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\nu b) = 1$.

⁷⁴ABAZOV 09 search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\mu jj$ and $\mu\nu jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(\mu\bar{q}) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 270 GeV.

⁷⁵ABAZOV 09AF search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\nu jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(e\bar{q}) = 1$. For $B(e\bar{q}) = 0.5$ the bound becomes 284 GeV.

⁷⁶AALTONEN 08P search for vector leptoquarks using $\tau^+\tau^- b\bar{d}$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. Assuming Yang-Mills (minimal) couplings, the mass limit is >317 GeV (251 GeV) at 95% CL for $B(\tau b) = 1$.
77 Search for pair production of scalar leptoquark state decaying to $\tau b$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$.

78 Search for scalar leptoquarks using $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\nu q) = 1$.

79 ABAZOV 07J search for pair productions of scalar leptoquark state decaying to $\nu b$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\nu b) = 1$.

80 ABAZOV 06A search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\mu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV and 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu q) = 1$. For $B(\mu q) = 0.5$, the limit becomes 204 GeV.

81 ABAZOV 06L search for scalar leptoquarks using $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV and at 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\nu q) = 1$.

82 ABULENCIA 06T search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\mu}jj$, $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$, and $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $B(\mu q) = 1$. For $B(\mu q) = 0.5$ or 0.1, the bound becomes 208 GeV or 143 GeV, respectively. See their Fig. 4 for the exclusion limit as a function of $B(\mu q)$.

83 ABAZOV 05H search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ and $e\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV and 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes $B(eq) = 1$. For $B(eq) = 0.5$ the bound becomes 234 GeV.

84 ACOSTA 05P search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$, $e\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.96$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(eq) = 1$. For $B(eq) = 0.5$ and 0.1, the bound becomes 205 GeV and 145 GeV, respectively.

85 ABBIENDI 03R search for scalar/vector leptoquarks in $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 189-209$ GeV. The quoted limits are for charge $-4/3$ isospin 0 scalar-leptoquark with $B(\ell q) = 1$. See their Table 12 for other cases.

86 ABAZOV 02 search for scalar leptoquarks using $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The bound holds for all leptoquark generations. Vector leptoquarks are likewise constrained to lie above 200 GeV.

87 ABAZOV 01D search for scalar leptoquarks using $e\bar{\nu}jj$, $eejj$, and $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(eq) = 1$. For $B(eq) = 0.5$ and 0, the bound becomes 204 and 79 GeV, respectively. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given. Supersedes ABBOTT 98e.

88 ABBIENDI 00M search for scalar/vector leptoquarks in $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 183$ GeV. The quoted limits are for charge $-4/3$ isospin 0 scalar-leptoquarks with $B(\ell q) = 1$. See their Table 8 and Figs. 6-9 for other cases.

89 ABBOTT 00C search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\mu}jj$, $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$, and $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu q) = 1$. For $B(\mu q) = 0.5$ and 0, the bound becomes 180 and 79 GeV respectively. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.

90 AFFOLDER 00k search for scalar leptoquark using $\nu\bar{\nu}cc$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $B(\nu c) = 1$. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.

91 AFFOLDER 00k search for scalar leptoquark using $\nu\bar{\nu}bb$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The quoted limit assumes $B(\nu b) = 1$. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.

92 ABBOTT 99j search for leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The quoted limit is for a scalar leptoquark with $B(\mu q) = B(\nu q) = 0.5$. Limits on vector leptoquarks range from 240 to 290 GeV.

93 ABBOTT 98e search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$, $eejj$, and $\nu\bar{\nu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(eq) = 1$. For $B(eq) = 0.5$ and 0, the bound becomes 204 and 79 GeV, respectively.

94 ABBOTT 98j search for charge $-1/3$ third generation scalar and vector leptoquarks in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The quoted limit is for scalar leptoquark with $B(\nu b) = 1$.

95 ABE 98s search for scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\mu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The limit is for $B(\mu q) = 1$. For $B(\mu q) = B(\nu q) = 0.5$, the limit is $> 160$ GeV.

96 GROSS-PILCHER 98 is the combined limit of the CDF and DØ Collaborations as determined by a joint CDF/DØ working group and reported in this FNAL Technical Memo. Original data published in ABE 97X and ABBOTT 98e.

97 ABE 97r search for third generation scalar and vector leptoquarks in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The quoted limit is for scalar leptoquark with $B(\tau b) = 1$.

98 ABE 97x search for scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $E_{cm} = 1.8$ TeV. The limit is for $B(eq) = 1$.

99 Limit is for charge $-1/3$ isospin-0 leptoquark with $B(\ell q) = 2/3$.

100 First and second generation leptoquarks are assumed to be degenerate. The limit is slightly lower for each generation.

101 Limits are for charge $-1/3$, isospin-0 scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\ell^-q$ or $\nu q$ with any branching ratio. See paper for limits for other charge-isospin assignments of leptoquarks.

102 KIM 90 assume pair production of charge 2/3 scalar-leptoquark via photon exchange. The decay of the first (second) generation leptoquark is assumed to be any mixture of $d\bar{e}^+$ and $u\bar{\nu}(s\mu^+ + c\bar{\nu})$. See paper for limits for specific branching ratios.

103 BARTEL 87b limit is valid when a pair of charge 2/3 spinless leptoquarks X is produced with point coupling, and when they decay under the constraint $B(X \rightarrow c\bar{\nu}\mu) + B(X \rightarrow s\mu^+) = 1$.

104 BEHREND 86b assumed that a charge 2/3 spinless leptoquark, $\chi$, decays either into $s\mu^+$ or $c\bar{\nu}$: $B(\chi \rightarrow s\mu^+) + B(\chi \rightarrow c\bar{\nu}) = 1$.

### MASS LIMITS for Leptoquarks from Single Production

These limits depend on the $q-\ell$-leptoquark coupling $g_{LQ}$. It is often assumed that $g_{LQ}^2/4\pi = 1/137$. Limits shown are for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark.

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (GeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&gt;1280</td><td>95</td><td>1 AAD</td><td>23BZ ATLS</td><td>LQ → bτ</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 550</td><td>95</td><td>2 SIRUNYAN</td><td>21J CMS</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>none 150-740</td><td>95</td><td>3 SIRUNYAN</td><td>18BJ CMS</td><td>Third generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;1755</td><td>95</td><td>4 KHACHATRY...16AG CMS</td><td></td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 660</td><td>95</td><td>5 KHACHATRY...16AG CMS</td><td></td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 304</td><td>95</td><td>6 ABRAMOWICZ12A</td><td>ZEUS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; 73</td><td>95</td><td>7 ABREU</td><td>93J DLPH</td><td>Second generation</td></tr></tbody></table>

• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •

8 AAD 22E ATLS $LQ \rightarrow u\bar{e}^-$, $c\mu^-$

9 TUMASYAN 21D CMS First generation

<table><tbody><tr><td>10 DEY</td><td>16 ICCB</td><td>$\nu q \rightarrow LQ \rightarrow \nu q$</td></tr><tr><td>11 AARON</td><td>11A H1</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td></tr><tr><td>12 AARON</td><td>11B H1</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>13 ABAZOV</td><td>07E D0</td><td>Second generation</td></tr><tr><td>14 AKTAS</td><td>05B H1</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>15 CHEKANOV</td><td>05A ZEUS</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td></tr><tr><td>16 CHEKANOV</td><td>03B ZEUS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>17 ABBIENDI</td><td>02B OPAL</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>18 CHEKANOV</td><td>02 ZEUS</td><td>Repl. by CHEKANOV 05A</td></tr><tr><td>19 ADLOFF</td><td>01C H1</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>20 BREITWEG</td><td>01 ZEUS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>21 BREITWEG</td><td>00E ZEUS</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>22 ABREU</td><td>99G DLPH</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>23 ADLOFF</td><td>99 H1</td><td>First generation</td></tr><tr><td>24 DERRICK</td><td>97 ZEUS</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td></tr><tr><td>25 DERRICK</td><td>93 ZEUS</td><td>First generation</td></tr></tbody></table>

1 AAD 23BZ search for single production of charge 4/3 scalar leptoquarks decaying to $b\tau^-$, and charge 2/3 vector leptoquarks decaying to $b\tau^-$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above assumes a scalar leptoquark with $B(\tau b) = 1$ and the leptoquark coupling strength $\lambda = 1.0$. The limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 1530$ GeV for $\lambda = 2.5$.

2 SIRUNYAN 21J search for single production of charge $-1/3$ scalar leptoquarks decaying to $t\tau^-$ and $b\nu$, and charge 2/3 vector leptoquarks decaying to $t\nu$ and $b\tau^+$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit quoted above assumes a scalar leptoquark with $B(t\tau) = B(\nu b) = 0.5$ and the leptoquark coupling strength $\lambda = 1.5$. The limit becomes $M_{LQ} > 750$ GeV for $\lambda = 2.5$.

3 SIRUNYAN 18BJ search for single production of charge 2/3 scalar leptoquarks decaying to $\tau b$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\tau b) = 1$ and the leptoquark coupling strength $\lambda = 1$.

4 KHACHATRYAN 16AG search for single production of charge $\pm 1/3$ scalar leptoquarks using $eejj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(eq) = 1$ and the leptoquark coupling strength $\lambda = 1$.

5 KHACHATRYAN 16AG search for single production of charge $\pm 1/3$ scalar leptoquarks using $\mu\bar{\mu}jj$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The limit above assumes $B(\mu q) = 1$ and the leptoquark coupling strength $\lambda = 1$.

6 ABRAMOWICZ 12A limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark coupled with $e_R$. See their Figs. 12-17 and Table 4 for states with different quantum numbers.

7 Limit from single production in Z decay. The limit is for a leptoquark coupling of electromagnetic strength and assumes $B(\ell q) = 2/3$. The limit is 77 GeV if first and second leptoquarks are degenerate.

8 AAD 22E leptoquarks decaying both to $ue^-$ and $c\mu^-$ are constrained from the comparison of the production cross sections for $e^+\mu^-$ and $e^-\mu^+$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Scalar leptoquarks with $M_{LQ} < 1880$ GeV are excluded for $g\bar{e}u = g\bar{\mu}c = 1$.

9 TUMASYAN 21D search for energetic jets + $E_T$ events in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The branching fraction for the decay of the leptoquark into an electron neutrino and up quark is assumed to be 100% ($\beta = 0$). See their Fig. 12 for exclusion limits in mass-coupling plane.

10 DEY 16 use the 2010-2012 IceCube PeV energy data set to constrain the leptoquark production cross section through the $\nu q \rightarrow LQ \rightarrow \nu q$ process. See their Figure 4 for the exclusion limit in the mass-coupling plane.

11 AARON 11a search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs. 2-3 and Tables 1-4 for detailed limits.

12 The quoted limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark coupled with $e_R$. See their Figs. 3-5 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.

13 ABAZOV 07E search for leptoquark single production through $qg$ fusion process in $p\bar{p}$ collisions. See their Fig. 4 for exclusion plot in mass-coupling plane.

14 AKTAS 05B limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark coupled with $e_R$. See their Fig. 3 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.

15 CHEKANOV 05 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs.6-10 and Tables 1-8 for detailed limits.

16 CHEKANOV 03B limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark coupled with $e_R$. See their Figs. 11-12 and Table 5 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.

17 For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

18 CHEKANOV 02 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs. 6-7 and Tables 5-6 for detailed limits.

19 For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig. 3.

20 See their Fig. 14 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.

21 BREITWEG 00E search for $F=0$ leptoquarks in $e^+p$ collisions. For limits in mass-coupling plane, see their Fig. 11.

22 ABREU 99G limit obtained from process $e\gamma \rightarrow LQ + q$. For limits on vector and scalar states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the coupling-mass plane, see their Fig. 4 and Table 2.

23 For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig. 13 and Fig. 14. ADLOFF 99 also search for leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. ADLOFF 99 supersedes AID 96b.

24 DERRICK 97 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs. 5-8 and Table 1 for detailed limits.

25 DERRICK 93 search for single leptoquark production in $ep$ collisions with the decay $e\bar{q}$ and $\nu q$. The limit is for leptoquark coupling of electromagnetic strength and assumes $B(eq) = B(\nu q) = 1/2$. The limit for $B(eq) = 1$ is 176 GeV. For limits on states with different quantum numbers, see their Table 3.

### Indirect Limits for Leptoquarks

<table><thead><tr><th>VALUE (TeV)</th><th>CL%</th><th>DOCUMENT ID</th><th>TECN</th><th>COMMENT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>• • •</td><td>• • •</td><td>1 CALABRESE</td><td>23 RVUE</td><td>$\nu$-nucleus scattering</td></tr><tr><td>• • •</td><td>• • •</td><td>2 TUMASYAN</td><td>23AW CMS</td><td>$q\bar{q}' \rightarrow \tau\nu$</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tbody><tr><td>3</td><td>TUMASYAN</td><td>23s</td><td>CMS</td><td>pp → ττ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>CRIVELLIN</td><td>21A</td><td>RVUE</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>AEBISCHER</td><td>20</td><td>RVUE</td><td>B decays</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>DEPPISCH</td><td>20</td><td>RVUE</td><td>K → πνν</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>ABRAMOWICZ19</td><td>ZEUS</td><td>RVUE</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>MANDAL</td><td>19</td><td>RVUE</td><td>τ, μ, e, K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>ZHANG</td><td>18A</td><td>RVUE</td><td>D decays</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>BARRANCO</td><td>16</td><td>RVUE</td><td>D decays</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>KUMAR</td><td>16</td><td>RVUE</td><td>neutral K mixing, rare K decays</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>BESSAA</td><td>15</td><td>RVUE</td><td>q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span> → e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>SAHOO</td><td>15A</td><td>RVUE</td><td>B<sub>s,d</sub> → μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>SAKAKI</td><td>13</td><td>RVUE</td><td>B → D<sup>(*)</sup>τ<span style="text-decoration: overline">ν</span>, B → X<sub>S</sub>ν<span style="text-decoration: overline">ν</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>KOSNIK</td><td>12</td><td>RVUE</td><td>b → s<span style="text-decoration: overline">t</span>l<sup>-</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>AARON</td><td>11C</td><td>H1</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>DORSNER</td><td>11</td><td>RVUE</td><td>scalar, weak singlet, charge 4/3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>AKTAS</td><td>07A</td><td>H1</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>SCHAEL</td><td>07A</td><td>Alep</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>SMIRNOV</td><td>07</td><td>RVUE</td><td>K → eμ, B → eτ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>CHEKANOV</td><td>05A</td><td>ZEUS</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>ADLOFF</td><td>03</td><td>H1</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>CHANG</td><td>03</td><td>BELL</td><td>Pati-Salam type</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>CHEKANOV</td><td>02</td><td>ZEUS</td><td>Repl. by CHEKANOV 05A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>CHEUNG</td><td>01B</td><td>RVUE</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>ACCIARRI</td><td>00P</td><td>L3</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → qq</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>ADLOFF</td><td>00</td><td>H1</td><td>First generation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>BARATE</td><td>00I</td><td>Alep</td><td>Repl. by SCHAEL 07A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>BARGER</td><td>00</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Cs</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>GABRIELLI</td><td>00</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Lepton flavor violation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>ZARNECKI</td><td>00</td><td>RVUE</td><td>S<sub>1</sub> leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>ABBIENDI</td><td>99</td><td>OPAL</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>ABE</td><td>98V</td><td>CDF</td><td>B<sub>S</sub> → e<sup>±</sup>μ<sup>∓</sup>, Pati-Salam type</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>ACCIARRI</td><td>98J</td><td>L3</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>ACKERSTAFF</td><td>98V</td><td>OPAL</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span>, e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → b<span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>DEANDREA</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE</td><td>R<sub>2</sub> leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>DERRICK</td><td>97</td><td>ZEUS</td><td>Lepton-flavor violation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>GROSSMAN</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE</td><td>B → τ<sup>+</sup>τ<sup>-</sup>(X)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>JADACH</td><td>97</td><td>RVUE</td><td>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> → q<span style="text-decoration: overline">q</span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>KUZNETSOV</td><td>95B</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Pati-Salam type</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>MIZUKOSHI</td><td>95</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Third generation scalar leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>BHATTACH...</td><td>94</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Spin-0 leptoquark coupled to <span style="text-decoration: overline">e</span><sub>R</sub>l<sub>L</sub></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>DAVIDSON</td><td>94</td><td>RVUE</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>KUZNETSOV</td><td>94</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Pati-Salam type</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>LEURER</td><td>94</td><td>RVUE</td><td>First generation spin-1 leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>LEURER</td><td>94B</td><td>RVUE</td><td>First generation spin-0 leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>MAHANTA</td><td>94</td><td>RVUE</td><td>P and T violation</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>SHANKER</td><td>82</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Nonchiral spin-0 leptoquark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>SHANKER</td><td>82</td><td>RVUE</td><td>Nonchiral spin-1 leptoquark</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

1 CALABRESE 23 obtain limits on leptoquark coupling from coherent $\nu$-nucleus scattering data collected by COHERENT experiment. See their Fig. 3 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

2 TUMASYAN 23AW search for $\tau\nu$ events mediated by t-channel leptoquark exchange in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits in mass-coupling plane.

3 TUMASYAN 23s search for leptoquark induced $b\bar{b}$ to $\tau^+\tau^-$ process in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on a vector $b\tau$ leptoquark in mass-coupling plane.

4 CRIVELLIN 21A set limits on coupling strengths of scalar and vector leptoquarks using $K \to \pi\nu\nu$, $K \to \pi e^+e^-$, $K^0$ and $D^0$ mixing, and weak neutral current measurements. See their Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the limits in mass-coupling plane.

5 AEBISCHER 20 explain the $B$ decay anomalies using four-fermion operator Wilson coefficients. See their Table 1. These Wilson coefficients may be generated by a $U_1$ vector leptoquark with $U_1$ transforming as $(3,1)_2/3$ under the SM gauge group. See their Figures 6, 7, 8 for the regions of the LQ parameter space which explains the $B$ anomalies and avoids the indirect low energy constraints.

6 DEPPISCH 20 limits on the lepton-number-violating higher-dimensional-operators are derived from $K \to \pi\nu\nu$ in the standard model effective field theory. These higher-dimensional-operators may be induced from leptoquark-exchange diagrams.

7 ABRAMOWICZ 19 obtain a limit on $\lambda/M_{LQ} > 1.16 \text{ TeV}^{-1}$ for weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark $S_L^I$. We obtain the limit quoted above by converting the limit on $\lambda/M_{LQ}$ for $S_L^I$ assuming $\lambda = \sqrt{4\pi}$. See their Table 5 for the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers. These limits are derived from bounds of $e q$ contact interactions.

8 MANDAL 19 give bounds on leptoquarks from $\tau$-decays, leptonic dipole moments, lepton-flavor-violating processes, and $K$ decays.

9 ZHANG 18A give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from $D \to K\ell\nu$. The authors inform us that the shape parameter of the vector form factor in both the abstract and the conclusions of ZHANG 18A should be $\tau_{+1} = 2.16 \pm 0.07$ rather than $\pm 0.007$. The numbers listed in their Table 7 are correct.

10 BARRANCO 16 give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from $D \to K\ell\nu$ and $D_S \to \ell\nu$.

11 KUMAR 16 gives bound on SU(2) singlet scalar leptoquark with chrg $-1/3$ from $K^0 - R^0$ mixing, $K \to \pi\nu\bar{\nu}$, $K^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$, and $K_L \to \mu^\pm e^\mp$ decays.

12 BESSAA 15 obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from the ATLAS and CMS limit on the $q\bar{q}e$ contact interactions.

13 SAHOO 15A obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from $B_{s,d} \to \mu^+\mu^-$ for $\lambda \approx O(1)$.

14 SAKAKI 13 explain the $B \to D^{(*)} \tau\bar{\nu}$ anomaly using Wilson coefficients of leptoquark-induced four-fermion operators.

15 KOSNIK 12 obtains limits on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from $b \to s\bar{t}l^-$ decays.

16 AARON 11C limit is for weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling $\lambda = \sqrt{4\pi}$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 3. Limits are derived from bounds of $e q$ contact interactions.

17 DORSNER 11 give bounds on scalar, weak singlet, charge 4/3 leptoquark from $K, B, \tau$ decays, meson mixings, $LFV, g-2$ and $Z \to b\bar{b}$.

18 AKTAS 07A search for lepton-flavor violation in $e p$ collision. See their Tables 4-7 for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.

19 SCHAEL 07A limit is for the weak-isoscalar spin-0 left-handed leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 35.

20 SMIRNOV 07 obtains mass limits for the vector and scalar chiral leptoquark states from $K \to e\mu, B \to e\tau$ decays.

21 CHEKANOV 05 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs.6-10 and Tables 1-8 for detailed limits.

22 ADLOFF 03 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling $\lambda = \sqrt{4\pi}$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 3. Limits are derived from bounds on $e^\pm q$ contact interactions.

23 The bound is derived from $B(B^0 \to e^\pm \mu^\mp) < 1.7 \times 10^{-7}$.

24 CHEKANOV 02 search for lepton-flavor violation in $e p$ collisions. See their Tables 1-4 for limits on lepton-flavor violating and four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.

25 CHEUNG 01B quoted limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $-1/3$ leptoquark with a coupling of electromagnetic strength. The limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see Table 5.

26 ACCIARRI 00p limit is for the weak isoscalar spin-0 leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 4.

27 ADLOFF 00 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling, $\lambda = \sqrt{4\pi}$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 2. ADLOFF 00 limits are from the $Q^2$ spectrum measurement of $e^+p \to e^+X$.

28 BARATE 00i search for deviations in cross section and jet-charge asymmetry in $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ due to t-channel exchange of a leptoquark at $\sqrt{s}=130$ to 183 GeV. Limits for other scalar and vector leptoquarks are also given in their Table 22.

29 BARGER 00 explain the deviation of atomic parity violation in cesium atoms from prediction is explained by scalar leptoquark exchange.

30 GABRIELLI 00 calculate various process with lepton flavor violation in leptoquark models.

31 ZARNECKI 00 limit is derived from data of HERA, LEP, and Tevatron and from various low-energy data including atomic parity violation. Leptoquark coupling with electromagnetic strength is assumed.

32 ABIENDI 99 limits are from $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ cross section at 130-136, 161-172, 183 GeV. See their Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 for limits in scalar leptoquark exchange.

33 ABE 98V quoted limit is from $B(B_S \to e^\pm \mu^\mp) < 8.2 \times 10^{-6}$. ABE 98V also obtain a similar limit on $M_{LQ} > 20.4$ TeV from $B(B_d \to e^\pm \mu^\mp) < 4.5 \times 10^{-6}$. Both bounds assume the non-canonical association of the b quark with electrons or muons under SU(4).

34 ACCIARRI 98J limit is from $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ cross section at $\sqrt{s} = 130-172$ GeV which can be affected by the $t$- and $u$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.

35 ACKERSTAFF 98V limits are from $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ and $e^+e^- \to b\bar{b}$ cross sections at $\sqrt{s} = 130-172$ GeV, which can be affected by the $t$- and $u$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 for limits of leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.

36 DEANDREA 97 is for $R_2$ leptoquark obtained from atomic parity violation (APV). The coupling of leptoquark is assumed to be electromagnetic strength. See Table 2 for limits of the four-fermion interactions induced by various scalar leptoquark exchange. DEANDREA 97 combines APV limit and limits from Tevatron and HERA. See Fig. 1-4 for combined limits of leptoquark in mass-coupling plane.

37 DERRICK 97 search for lepton-flavor violation in $e p$ collision. See their Tables 2-5 for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.

38 GROSSMAN 97 estimate the upper bounds on the branching fraction $B \to \tau^+\tau^-$ (X) from the absence of the $B$ decay with large missing energy. These bounds can be used to constrain leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions.

39 JADACH 97 limit is from $e^+e^- \to q\bar{q}$ cross section at $\sqrt{s}=172.3$ GeV which can be affected by the $t$- and $u$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig. 1 for limits on vector leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.

40 KUZNETSOV 95B use $\pi, K, B, \tau$ decays and $\mu e$ conversion and give a list of bounds on the leptoquark mass and the fermion mixing matrix in the Pati-Salam model. The quoted limit is from $K_L \to \mu e$ decay assuming zero mixing.

41 MIZUKOSHI 95 calculate the one-loop radiative correction to the $Z$-physics parameters in various scalar leptoquark models. See their Fig. 4 for the exclusion plot of third generation leptoquark models in mass-coupling plane.

42 BHATTACHARYYA 94 limit is from one-loop radiative correction to the leptonic decay width of the $Z$. $m_{H^0}=250$ GeV, $\alpha_S(m_Z)=0.12$, $m_t=180$ GeV, and the electroweak strength of leptoquark coupling are assumed. For leptoquark coupled to $\bar{e}_L l_R \bar{\mu} t$, and $\bar{\tau} t$, see Fig. 2 in BHATTACHARYYA 94b erratum and Fig. 3.

43 DAVIDSON 94 gives an extensive list of the bounds on leptoquark-induced four-fermion interactions from $\pi, K, D, B, \mu, \tau$ decays and meson mixings, etc. See Table 15 of DAVIDSON 94 for detail.

44 KUZNETSOV 94 gives mixing independent bound of the Pati-Salam leptoquark from the cosmological limit on $\pi^0 \to \bar{\nu}\nu$.

45 LEURER 94, LEURER 94B limits are obtained from atomic parity violation and apply to any chiral leptoquark which couples to the first generation with electromagnetic strength. For a nonchiral leptoquark, universality in $\pi\ell_2$ decay provides a much more stringent bound.

46 MAHANTA 94 gives bounds of $P$- and $T$-violating scalar-leptoquark couplings from atomic and molecular experiments.

47 From $(\pi \to e\nu)/(\pi \to \mu\nu)$ ratio. SHANKER 82 assumes the leptoquark induced four-fermion coupling $4g^2/M^2(\bar{\nu}_e u_R)(\bar{d}_L e_R)$ with $g=0.004$ for spin-0 leptoquark and $g^2/M^2(\bar{\nu}_e \gamma_\mu u_L)(\bar{d}_R \gamma^\mu e_R)$ with $g \approx 0.6$ for spin-1 leptoquark.