# Archaeometric investigations of Islamic pottery production at Antioch-on-the-Orontes: preliminary results

Sylvie Yona Waksman

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Sylvie Yona Waksman. Archaeometric investigations of Islamic pottery production at Antioch-on-the-Orontes: preliminary results. 13th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, May 2023, Cophenhague, Denmark. pp.539-546, 10.13173/9783447123426. hal-05336404

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Proceedings
of the 13th International Congress
on the Archaeology
of the Ancient Near East

22–26 May 2023

Copenhagen

Edited by

Ingolf Thuesen, Scott Haddow,
and Camilla Mazzucato

2025

Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden

DOI: 10.13173/9783447123426.i

This is an open access file distributed under the terms of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

© by the author
Chapter 41

Archaeometric Investigations of Islamic Pottery Production at
Antioch-on-the-Orontes: Preliminary Results

Sylvie Yona Waksman<fnref n="1" />

Abstract

The reconsideration of the material excavated at Antioch in the 1930s provides a great opportu-
tunity to study pottery production at the site in the Islamic period, based on archaeological
evidence and chemical analysis. The first results regarding the local repertoire and the abil-
ity to identify Antioch production chemically in the regional context are presented.

Introduction

The material from contexts excavated at Antioch in the 1930s by an international group of scholars working with Princeton University (Waagé 1948) has been reconsidered and recon-textualised (Eger 2013, forthcoming a). It includes evidence of Islamic pottery production, which enables us to investigate the local repertoire of Antioch at the time and to define a new chemical reference group in Lyon laboratory database.<fnref n="2" /> The latter already includes reference groups for several pottery workshops active in the area of Antioch and the gulf of Iskenderun from the late Roman to the Crusader period (Fig. 1) (Empereur and Picon 1989; Waksman et al. 2014a; Burlot and Waksman 2021). Together with chemical data from other previous studies on sites such as Raqqa and al-Mina, the harbour of Antioch (Daszkiewicz and Raabe 1999; Blackman and Redford 2005), it may shed light on the role of Antioch in the context of regional pottery production and to consider it in a diachronic perspective. This paper presents the initial steps of such investigation, which will be presented in more details elsewhere (Waksman forthcoming a).

**Material and Methods**

The corpus analysed (29 samples) was selected by A. Eger among the Antioch collections kept at the Universities of Princeton and Cornell. It includes pottery he dates back to the 11th-13th c., coming from the sector 17-O where a kiln was found (Eger 2013, forthcoming a).<fnref n="3" /> Evidence of local pottery manufacture such as kiln rods and presumed wasters were part of the selection. Only a few sherds corresponding to finished products could be ana-

DOI: 10.13173/9783447123426.539

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<footnote n="1">1 CNRS UMR 5138 “Archéologie et Archéométrie”, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France (yona.waksman@mom.fr)</footnote>

<footnote n="2">2 The Lyon laboratory database of chemical data consists in analyses of more than 45.000 samples, in-
cluding about 5.000 ceramics from the Byzantine and Islamic worlds.</footnote>

<footnote n="3">3 Some of the Cornell samples were chosen by me on photographs among what seemed to be the most common types of ceramics. I could unfortunately not proceed to a direct examination of the objects, which would have provided a more appropriate sampling.</footnote>
lysed: plain turquoise or brown glazed wares, painted wares, polychrome sgraffito wares including an overfired example of ‘Port Saint-Symeon Ware’, champlevé ware (for some examples: Fig. 2).

Samples were analysed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) in Lyon laboratory (CNRS UMR 5138) (see e.g. Waksman 2011, 2017 for the methodology and analytical procedure). Out of the 24 chemical elements quantified, 17 are generally taken as active variables in multivariate statistical treatments used to classify samples into groups of similar chemical composition. These include major and minor elements in ceramics (MgO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, CaO, TiO₂, MnO, Fe₂O₃) and trace elements having various geochemical behaviour (V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba, Ce). Classifications are carried out by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), applied to standardised data, using Euclidian distance and average linkage. Interpretation in terms of productions and workshops however requires further examination of the initial individual chemical compositions, taking into account various geochemical, technological and analytical factors (e.g. Waksman 2017).

## Results and Discussion

The first step consisted in identifying the sherds belonging to the local repertoire of Antioch, with the help of reference samples such as kiln rods and presumed wasters. Actually, several of the latter proved to be vitrified materials chemically different from the pottery samples. Another object made out of a refractory clay is interpreted as a crucible (sample MOY134,<fnref n="4" /> Table 1). The classification of the samples according to their chemical composition shows these objects to be quite different from the main chemical group (Fig. 3, Table 1).

The next issue was to define the limits of a chemical group associated to Antioch, and to evaluate how specific it could be in the local and regional context of pottery production. Ophiolitic formations are present in the geology of the area (e.g. Pişkin *et al.* 1986). They have a strong influence on the chemical features of the clayey materials exploited by the potters, both around the Iskenderun gulf and in the Orontes valley close to Antioch (Fig. 1). This influence, reflected by high to very high contents in magnesium, chromium and nickel, is more limited for sites close to the mouth of the Orontes River (for the former case see e.g. Rhosos/Arsuz, Kinet Höyük, Epiphaneia, for the latter Seleucia Pieria and al-Mina: Waksman *et al.* 2014a; Burlot and Waksman 2021). Antioch belongs to the first case. At this stage of the study a restricted definition of the associated chemical group was chosen (Fig. 3, Table 1).

Besides kiln rods (samples MOY135, 136), the samples constituting this group are several plain turquoise and turquoise-green glazed wares,<fnref n="5" /> including a waster (MOY150), polychrome sgraffito wares,<fnref n="6" /> and a waster of glazed lamp (Fig. 2). They mostly belong to the Islamic period, with sherds combining turquoise glazes and calcareous bodies (Table 1).

This new reference group should be helpful in the context of Islamic pottery in the Near East, where similar products, such as the ‘Yellow Glaze Family’, were manufactured

<footnote n="4">⁴ Lyon laboratory id.</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ These variations in hues may be related to variations in concentrations of alkali versus lead flux in the glazes, and to the presence of iron in addition to copper as colouring oxide; see e.g. Picon *et al.* 1995.</footnote>

<footnote n="6">⁶ Including the waster of Crusader-period Port Saint-Symeon Ware (MOY148), discussed in Waksman forthcoming a.</footnote>
in several workshops. The comparison with Schneider's data<fnref n="7" /> onghta glazed wares (Daszkiewicz and Raabe 1999) suggest that their productions may be differentiated chemically (Fig. 4). The forthcoming publications of pottery from Tarsus<fnref n="8" /> and Hisn al-Tinat (Eger 2010, forthcoming b; Özyar et al. 2017; Waksman forthcoming b) may also help better understand their respective role in regional consumption patterns. However, many more studies need to be carried out before comprehensive results based on chemical data can be obtained.

Another issue of interest to us was the relationship between Antioch and its harbour
al-Mina (Vorderstrasse 2005) in the pottery production and distribution process. In another
medieval context, the one of Thebes and Chalcis in central Greece, the system of a city and
its harbour seems to concentrate these activities in the harbour area when they were in-
volved in long distance trade (Waksman et al. 2014, Waksman 2020). A first requisite in such
study is to be able to distinguish chemically similar wares manufactured in Antioch and in
al-Mina (Burlot and Waksman 2021), which seems to be the case (Fig. 4).

Concluding Remarks

This paper proposes a new chemical reference group corresponding to Antioch pottery pro-
duction in the Islamic period. It may be distinguished from other regional chemical groups,
including that of Al-Mina, Antioch's harbour. This study represents a first step in establish-
ing the extent and flux of diffusion of pottery workshops sharing similar typological and
technical traditions and understanding the role of Antioch in regional and extra-regional
trade at the time.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to A. Eger for initiating this study and making it possible, to B. Anderson,
Cornell University, for his help, to S. Manning, J. Collins at Princeton University, to S.
Demir for handling the drawings, to the staff of the analytical facilities in Lyon (CNRS
UMR 5138).

References

Blackman, M.J. and Redford, S. 2005. Neutron Activation Analysis of Medieval Ceramics from Kinet, Turkey, Especially Port Saint Symeon Ware. *Ancient Near Eastern Studies* 42, 83-180.

Burlot, J. and Waksman, S.Y. 2021. Provenances and Production Techniques of the so-called “Port Saint-Symeon Ware” (13th-early 14th century AD) from Kinet Höyük (Cilicia, Turkey): Witnessing Interactions in Medieval north-eastern Mediterranean. *Archaeometry* 64-3, 611-631.

Daszkiewicz, M. and Raabe, J. 1999. Untersuchungen der glasierten Keramik. In: P.A. Miglus, *Ar-Raqqa I. Die frühislamische Keramik von Tall Aswad*, Mainz am Rhein, 126-133.

Eger, A.A. 2010. Hisn al-Tinat on the Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Synthesis and the 2005-2008 Survey and Excavation on the Cilician Plain (Turkey). *Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research* 357, 49-76.

Eger, A.A. 2013. (Re)Mapping Medieval Antioch. Urban Transformations from the Early Islamic to the Middle Byzantine Periods. *Dumbarton Oaks Papers* 67, 95-134.

<footnote n="7">7 Schneider's WD-XRF data (Berlin laboratory) are considered comparable to ours, provided that a few precautions are taken.</footnote>

<footnote n="8">8 Ongoing study under the direction of A. Vokaer.</footnote>
Eger, A.A. (ed.) *Forthcoming a. The Princeton Excavations of Antioch: Sector 17-Θ (2 vols.). Turnhout*.

Eger, A.A. (ed.) *Forthcoming b. Excavations at Tüpraş Field and Surrounding Surveys: The Roman, Byzantine, and Early Medieval Periods*.

Empereur, J.-Y. and Picon, M. 1989. Les régions de production d'amphores impériales en Méditerranée orientale. In: *Amphores romaines et histoire économique: dix ans de recherche* (Collection de l'Ecole Française de Rome 114), Rome, 223-248.

Özyar, A., Ünlü, E., Pancaroglu, O. and Vokaer, A. 2017. Recent Fieldwork at Tarsus-Gözlükule: the Medieval Levels. In: S.R. Steadman and G. McMahon G. (eds.), *The Archaeology of Anatolia Volume II: Recent Discoveries (2015-2016)*, Cambridge, 197-226.

Picon, M., Thiriot, J. and Vallauri, L. 1995. Techniques, évolutions et mutations. In: *Le vert et le brun de Kairouan à Avignon, céramiques du Xe au XVe siècle*, Avignon, 41-50.

Pişkin, O., Delaloye, M., Selçuk, H. and Wagner, J.-J. 1986. Guide to Hatay Geology (SE Turkey), *Ofioliti* 11-2, 87-104.

Vorderstrasse, T. 2005. *Al-Mina. A Port of Antioch from Late Antiquity to the End of the Ottomans*, Leiden.

Waagé, F.G. (ed.) 1949. *Antioch on-the-Orontes*. 4., Part. 1 *Ceramics and Islamic Coins*, Princeton.

Waksman, S.Y. 2011. Ceramics of the ‘Serçe Limanı type’ and Fatimid Pottery Production in Beirut. *Levant* 43-2, 201-212.

Waksman, S.Y. 2017. "Provenance studies": productions and compositional groups. In: A. Hunt (ed.), *Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis*, Oxford, 148-161.

Waksman, S.Y. 2020. Introduction. The POMEDOR project "People, Pottery and Food in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean". In: S.Y. Waksman (ed.), *Multidisciplinary Approaches to food and Foodways in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean*, Lyon, 17-52.

Waksman, S.Y. *Forthcoming a. Archaeometric investigations of Islamic and Crusader-period Pottery Production from Antioch and its Region*. In: A.A. Eger (ed.), *The Princeton Excavations of Antioch: Sector 17-Θ (Vol. 2)*, Turnhout.

Waksman, S.Y. *Forthcoming b. Archaeometric Investigations of Early Islamic Pottery Excavated at Hisn al-Tinat (Turkey)*. In: A.A. Eger (ed.), *Excavations at Tüpraş Field and Surrounding Surveys: The Roman, Byzantine, and Early Medieval Periods*.

Waksman, S.Y., Kontogiannis, N.D., Skartsis, S.S. and Vaxevanis, G. 2014b. The Main "Middle Byzantine Production" and Pottery Manufacture in Thebes and Chalcis. *The Annual of the British School at Athens* 109, 379-422.

Waksman, S.Y., Morozova, Y., Zelenko, S. and Çolak, M. 2014a. Archaeological and Archaeometric Investigations of the Amphorae Cargo of a Late Roman Shipwreck Sunk near the Cape of Plaka (Crimea, Ukraine). In: N. Poulou-Papadimitriou, E. Nodarou and V. Kilikoglou (eds.), *LRCW4, Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry* (BAR International Series 2616 (I)), Oxford, 911-929.
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1.** Map of the sites mentioned in the text (O. Barge, S.Y. Waksman).</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2.** Examples of samples belonging to Antioch local group: kiln rod, pottery wasters (MOY149, 150, 151, 152), plain turquoise-green glazed wares (MOY138, 139, 140, 146), polychrome sgraffito ware (MOY161) (Lyon laboratory ids.) (S. Demir, A. Eger, S.Y. Waksman, I. Teslenko; after Eger forthcoming a).</figcaption></figure>
● pottery wasters and kiln furniture

○ other wasters (?)

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3.** Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the samples from Antioch analysed. The main local group (restricted definition) is underlined, symbols indicate the status of the samples.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4.** Binary plot potassium-nickel, showing the possibility to differentiate ceramics manufactured in Antioch from those produced in al-Mina and Raqqa.</figcaption></figure>

DOI: 10.13173/9783447123426.539

This is an open access file distributed under the terms of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

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© by the author
<table><caption>Table 1. Chemical composition of the samples from Antioch analysed, samples ranked as in the HCA (Fig. 3) (major elements in oxides weight percent, trace elements in ppm; m: mean, σ: standard deviation; elements between brackets were not taken into account in the classification, data marked with an asterisk were not taken into account in the calculation of m and σ).</caption><thead><tr><th>Lyon lab id.</th><th>CaO</th><th>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></th><th>TiO<sub>2</sub></th><th>K<sub>2</sub>O</th><th>SiO<sub>2</sub></th><th>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></th><th>MgO</th><th>MnO</th><th>(Na<sub>2</sub>O)</th><th>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</th><th>Zr</th><th>Sr</th><th>Rb</th><th>Zn</th><th>Cr</th><th>Ni</th><th>Ba</th><th>V</th><th>Ce</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="21">imports</td></tr><tr><td>MOY137</td><td>16.23</td><td>7.31</td><td>0.881</td><td>2.49</td><td>51.05</td><td>13.97</td><td>5.92</td><td>0.1291</td><td>1.24</td><td>0.44</td><td>174</td><td>538</td><td>64</td><td>93</td><td>449</td><td>215</td><td>341</td><td>130</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>MOY141</td><td>17.00</td><td>7.26</td><td>0.871</td><td>2.54</td><td>50.40</td><td>13.80</td><td>5.69</td><td>0.1299</td><td>1.23</td><td>0.71</td><td>172</td><td>554</td><td>63</td><td>94</td><td>429</td><td>211</td><td>336</td><td>126</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td colspan="21">Antioch local group</td></tr><tr><td>MOY148</td><td>16.96</td><td>7.98</td><td>0.700</td><td>1.43</td><td>51.44</td><td>10.74</td><td>9.17</td><td>0.0818</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.15</td><td>103</td><td>425</td><td>40</td><td>72</td><td>831</td><td>718</td><td>181</td><td>115</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>MOY151</td><td>16.84</td><td>7.87</td><td>0.686</td><td>1.47</td><td>52.02</td><td>10.85</td><td>8.56</td><td>0.0790</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.18</td><td>95</td><td>451</td><td>40</td><td>74</td><td>820</td><td>737</td><td>166</td><td>109</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>MOY139</td><td>15.76</td><td>8.06</td><td>0.690</td><td>1.44</td><td>51.75</td><td>10.76</td><td>9.77</td><td>0.0809</td><td>1.03</td><td>0.23</td><td>97</td><td>406</td><td>38</td><td>80</td><td>800</td><td>787</td><td>146</td><td>101</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>MOY140</td><td>14.28</td><td>7.56</td><td>0.684</td><td>1.55</td><td>54.62</td><td>10.92</td><td>8.19</td><td>0.0868</td><td>1.28</td><td>0.36</td><td>102</td><td>414</td><td>32</td><td>69</td><td>820</td><td>693</td><td>175</td><td>112</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>MOY152</td><td>15.85</td><td>8.11</td><td>0.685</td><td>1.46</td><td>52.89</td><td>10.70</td><td>8.49</td><td>0.0804</td><td>1.08</td><td>0.29</td><td>97</td><td>447</td><td>40</td><td>*124</td><td>893</td><td>747</td><td>190</td><td>103</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>MOY161</td><td>22.11</td><td>7.36</td><td>0.698</td><td>1.55</td><td>47.25</td><td>10.60</td><td>8.76</td><td>0.0869</td><td>1.02</td><td>0.21</td><td>106</td><td>501</td><td>39</td><td>77</td><td>679</td><td>566</td><td>176</td><td>114</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>MOY149</td><td>20.82</td><td>7.70</td><td>0.728</td><td>1.64</td><td>47.61</td><td>11.09</td><td>8.71</td><td>0.0910</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.21</td><td>113</td><td>539</td><td>42</td><td>74</td><td>730</td><td>601</td><td>201</td><td>110</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>MOY145</td><td>22.89</td><td>7.88</td><td>0.695</td><td>1.52</td><td>47.31</td><td>9.99</td><td>8.20</td><td>0.0881</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.40</td><td>99</td><td>603</td><td>45</td><td>74</td><td>970</td><td>665</td><td>195</td><td>95</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>MOY147</td><td>19.14</td><td>7.48</td><td>0.722</td><td>1.77</td><td>48.90</td><td>11.23</td><td>8.57</td><td>0.0868</td><td>1.22</td><td>0.50</td><td>118</td><td>441</td><td>49</td><td>88</td><td>718</td><td>573</td><td>207</td><td>112</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>MOY136</td><td>19.25</td><td>8.24</td><td>0.715</td><td>1.50</td><td>47.88</td><td>10.40</td><td>9.63</td><td>0.0905</td><td>0.92</td><td>1.09</td><td>107</td><td>594</td><td>54</td><td>82</td><td>888</td><td>814</td><td>198</td><td>111</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>MOY135</td><td>13.73</td><td>7.47</td><td>0.683</td><td>1.60</td><td>56.16</td><td>11.64</td><td>6.72</td><td>0.1090</td><td>1.38</td><td>0.17</td><td>115</td><td>403</td><td>50</td><td>75</td><td>1078</td><td>591</td><td>224</td><td>93</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>MOY146</td><td>15.19</td><td>7.90</td><td>0.694</td><td>1.73</td><td>53.48</td><td>10.98</td><td>8.15</td><td>0.0930</td><td>1.06</td><td>0.41</td><td>110</td><td>428</td><td>49</td><td>80</td><td>880</td><td>722</td><td>233</td><td>90</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>MOY143</td><td>23.23</td><td>7.29</td><td>0.658</td><td>1.54</td><td>48.84</td><td>10.13</td><td>6.40</td><td>0.0871</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.42</td><td>101</td><td>582</td><td>33</td><td>71</td><td>893</td><td>489</td><td>201</td><td>108</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>MOY138</td><td>22.91</td><td>7.74</td><td>0.661</td><td>1.12</td><td>47.01</td><td>9.96</td><td>9.06</td><td>0.0919</td><td>0.75</td><td>0.24</td><td>91</td><td>518</td><td>28</td><td>75</td><td>770</td><td>713</td><td>133</td><td>88</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>MOY150</td><td>20.58</td><td>7.71</td><td>0.736</td><td>1.07</td><td>47.58</td><td>11.08</td><td>9.24</td><td>0.0859</td><td>1.01</td><td>0.25</td><td>108</td><td>363</td><td>nd</td><td>79</td><td>640</td><td>569</td><td>132</td><td>122</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>m</td><td>18.64</td><td>7.76</td><td>0.696</td><td>1.49</td><td>50.32</td><td>10.74</td><td>8.51</td><td>0.0879</td><td>1.03</td><td>0.34</td><td>104</td><td>474</td><td>41</td><td>76</td><td>827</td><td>666</td><td>184</td><td>106</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>s</td><td>3.33</td><td>0.28</td><td>0.022</td><td>0.19</td><td>3.05</td><td>0.47</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.0072</td><td>0.17</td><td>0.23</td><td>8</td><td>77</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>114</td><td>95</td><td>30</td><td>10</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="21">marginals to Antioch group</td></tr><tr><td>MOY158</td><td>19.41</td><td>6.18</td><td>0.584</td><td>1.13</td><td>56.03</td><td>8.42</td><td>6.68</td><td>0.0727</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.20</td><td>105</td><td>395</td><td>16</td><td>92</td><td>1098</td><td>525</td><td>172</td><td>81</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>MOY159</td><td>19.70</td><td>7.45</td><td>0.772</td><td>1.61</td><td>47.59</td><td>13.19</td><td>7.76</td><td>0.1347</td><td>0.69</td><td>0.28</td><td>120</td><td>338</td><td>30</td><td>91</td><td>296</td><td>249</td><td>263</td><td>138</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>MOY157</td><td>20.56</td><td>6.96</td><td>0.714</td><td>1.69</td><td>49.68</td><td>11.29</td><td>6.99</td><td>0.1051</td><td>1.01</td><td>0.49</td><td>122</td><td>416</td><td>36</td><td>90</td><td>575</td><td>404</td><td>238</td><td>100</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>MOY162</td><td>16.03</td><td>8.14</td><td>0.805</td><td>1.50</td><td>50.20</td><td>14.01</td><td>7.24</td><td>0.1377</td><td>1.26</td><td>0.22</td><td>138</td><td>350</td><td>59</td><td>108</td><td>422</td><td>298</td><td>332</td><td>161</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>MOY163</td><td>18.86</td><td>6.99</td><td>0.715</td><td>1.72</td><td>50.76</td><td>12.58</td><td>6.42</td><td>0.1267</td><td>1.13</td><td>0.40</td><td>129</td><td>412</td><td>57</td><td>91</td><td>512</td><td>342</td><td>316</td><td>123</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>MOY160</td><td>16.01</td><td>8.57</td><td>0.734</td><td>1.77</td><td>49.17</td><td>13.10</td><td>9.14</td><td>0.1204</td><td>0.96</td><td>0.18</td><td>112</td><td>313</td><td>63</td><td>95</td><td>533</td><td>549</td><td>207</td><td>134</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>MOY156</td><td>18.06</td><td>8.01</td><td>0.781</td><td>1.78</td><td>52.27</td><td>10.95</td><td>6.40</td><td>0.1874</td><td>0.81</td><td>0.40</td><td>120</td><td>558</td><td>39</td><td>107</td><td>1085</td><td>454</td><td>387</td><td>134</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td colspan="21">other samples and materials</td></tr><tr><td>MOY154</td><td>13.76</td><td>8.75</td><td>0.559</td><td>1.17</td><td>49.43</td><td>14.51</td><td>10.18</td><td>0.1608</td><td>1.10</td><td>0.22</td><td>39</td><td>105</td><td>17</td><td>171</td><td>424</td><td>230</td><td>147</td><td>214</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>MOY153</td><td>22.25</td><td>6.11</td><td>0.555</td><td>2.26</td><td>47.57</td><td>7.88</td><td>7.36</td><td>0.1118</td><td>2.04</td><td>3.47</td><td>85</td><td>1087</td><td>55</td><td>328</td><td>1015</td><td>535</td><td>213</td><td>110</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>MOY155</td><td>9.04</td><td>8.75</td><td>0.728</td><td>1.97</td><td>59.10</td><td>12.34</td><td>5.54</td><td>0.2672</td><td>1.49</td><td>0.21</td><td>112</td><td>179</td><td>27</td><td>117</td><td>4077</td><td>563</td><td>197</td><td>186</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>MOY134</td><td>1.98</td><td>5.12</td><td>1.942</td><td>1.14</td><td>61.38</td><td>26.27</td><td>1.19</td><td>0.0406</td><td>0.17</td><td>0.29</td><td>261</td><td>292</td><td>49</td><td>196</td><td>239</td><td>80</td><td>187</td><td>198</td><td>130</td></tr><tr><td>MOY144</td><td>1.01</td><td>0.37</td><td>0.070</td><td>0.91</td><td>91.16</td><td>4.17</td><td>0.46</td><td>0.0107</td><td>1.64</td><td>0.07</td><td>38</td><td>54</td><td>9</td><td>33</td><td>28</td><td>7</td><td>111</td><td>6</td><td>24</td></tr></tbody></table>

DOI: 10.13173/9783447123426.539

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