# Efficacy of IBA on rooting of cuttings, growth and survival of dracaena (DRACAENA MARGINATA)

S B Malaviya, B V Thumar, Kruti N Dobariya, J S Parsana, Anamika Varma

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S B Malaviya, B V Thumar, Kruti N Dobariya, J S Parsana, Anamika Varma. Efficacy of IBA on rooting of cuttings, growth and survival of dracaena (DRACAENA MARGINATA). RESEARCH MATRIX, 2023, 1 (10), pp.39-43. hal-04818491v2

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EFFICACY OF IBA ON ROOTING OF CUTTINGS,
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF DRACAENA (DRACAENA
MARGINATA)

S. B. MALAVIYA¹, B.V. THUMAR², K.N. DOBARIYA², J.S. PARSANA, ANAMIKAVARMA

¹DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, JUNAGADH-362001 (GUJARAT)

²COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, MOTA-BHANDARIYA (AMRELI) 365610, GUJARAT

ABSTRACT:

The experiment was conducted at Hi-tech Horticulture Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during September to December-2021. The experiment was laid out with Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Application of IBA @ 2000 ppm proved to be significant for the hardwood cuttings of hibiscus for the parameters like minimum days required for sprouting (15.13 days), success percentage (98.75 %), survival percentage (73.98 %), number of leaves (14.60), number of shoots (2.25), leaf area (76.36 cm²), length of main shoot (8.60 cm), girth of main shoot (5.97 mm), fresh weight of shoot (8.88 g), dry weight of shoot (3.92 g), number of roots (27.35), length of longest root (26.89 cm), fresh weight of roots (7.19 g), dry weight of roots (2.95 g), minimum mortality percentage (26.02 %) and maximum root: shoot ratio (0.81).

KEYWORDS: IBA, ROOTING, CUTTINGS, GROWTH, SURVIVAL, DRACAENA

INTRODUCTION

The lovely and appealing aspect of ornamental plants is highly valued. Because they adapt well to indoor circumstances. Foliage plants are essential for adding greenery to offices, homes and commercial locations. Shade-loving pot plants are ideal for a home's interior when there is little room for gardening. The most obvious use of these plants is their aesthetic appealing impact which gives the surroundings a fresh look and soothing the eyes. Apart from their aesthetic value, these plants significantly improve the quality of life by purifying the air which provides new energy and allows people to breathe freely. These plants not only give beauty and biological comfort to the environment but they also enhance the aesthetic appeal (Mc Connell & Kobayashi, 2007). Because most city people spend 90 % of their time inside, indoor air quality is becoming a global health concern. As a result, including such leafy plants indoor becomes even more significant. Commercial production of ornamental plants is rising over the world with the United States and Europe leading the way in both production and consumption (Anonymous 2018).

Dracaena marginata is one of the most desirable indoor foliage plant because of its pretty form and its ability to survive under low light conditions with least care (Chen et al., 2002). Recently, Dracaena marginata is considered among the most important and economical indoor pot plants because of extensive demand by local and foreign markets. It is usually propagated with some difficulty by stem cutting since the success per cent is low and the newly established plants grow slowly at the first stage. The commercial production of this plant depends on the suitable method of propagation. There are many factors known to affect the rooting. The most effective of them are growth regulators and the different portions of woody shoots.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The experiment was conducted at Hi-tech Horticulture Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during September to December-2021. The experiment was laid out with Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The experiment comprising of six
treatments including: T₁ (Control), T₂ (IBA 500 ppm), T₃ (IBA 1000 ppm), T₄ (IBA 1500 ppm), T₅ (IBA 2000 ppm), T₆ (IBA 2500 ppm).

The selected five plants were marked with tags for recording observations. The observations like number of days to new sprout, success percentage (%), number of leaves, number of shoots, leaf area (cm²), length of main shoot (cm), girth of main shoot (mm), number of roots, length of longest root (cm), fresh weight of shoot (g), fresh weight of roots (g), dry weight of shoot (g), dry weight of roots (g), root: shoot ratio, survival percentage of cuttings (%), mortality percentage of cuttings (%) parameters were recorded. The cutting was planted for each treatment in each replication in poly bags (8"x6") one cutting in each bag. Two third parts of cuttings were inserted in the soil at slight angle to the vertical. The data was statistically analyzed by method of analysis of variance using Completely Randomized Design as described by Panse and Sukhatme (1985).

## RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The minimum number of days required for new sprout (15.13) in T₅ which was at par with T₄ and T₃. Whereas, maximum number of days for new sprout (21.07) in T₁.These results are probably due to the application of IBA at suitable concentrations, that increased IBA oxidase activity and promoted earlier sprouting. Plant growth regulators can speed up the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. This result is in accordance with the findings of (19) in bougainvillea, (3) in fig, (12) in star gooseberry(Maximum success percentage (98.75 %) in T₅ which was at par with T₄, T₃ and T₂. Whereas, minimum success percentage (82.50 %) in T₁. This might be due to the fact that auxin is known to induce stimulus for regeneration of roots by promotion of hydrolysis, mobilization and utilization of nutritional reserves in the region of root and shoot formation (Nanda, 1975). Similar result reported by (20) in pomegranate cv. Ganesh, (3) in fig, (12) in star gooseberry(Maximum survival percentage (73.98 %)in T₅which was at par with T₄ and T₃. Whereas, minimum survival percentage (62.13 %)in T₁. This might have resulted from development of effective root system and increase in number and length of roots per cutting which might have influenced the uptake of nutrients and water. The above results are in conformity with (6) in croton,(3) in fig, (12) in star gooseberry(Minimum mortality percentage (26.02 %) in T₅ which was at par with T₄ and T₃. Whereas, maximum mortality percentage (37.86 %) in T₁. This might be due to stronger framework of root system lead to less number of failure cuttings. (Table 1)

<table><caption>Table 1: Effect of IBA on sprouting parameters of cuttings in dracaena</caption><thead><tr><td>Treatment</td><td>Days to new sprout</td><td>Success percentage (%)</td><td>Survival percentage (%)</td><td>Mortality percentage (%)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>T₁:Control</td><td>21.07</td><td>82.50</td><td>62.13</td><td>37.86</td></tr><tr><td>T₂: IBA 500 ppm</td><td>17.74</td><td>95.00</td><td>69.69</td><td>30.30</td></tr><tr><td>T₃: IBA 1000 ppm</td><td>16.09</td><td>96.25</td><td>71.45</td><td>28.54</td></tr><tr><td>T₄: IBA 1500 ppm</td><td>16.00</td><td>97.50</td><td>71.49</td><td>28.50</td></tr><tr><td>T₅: IBA 2000 ppm</td><td>15.13</td><td>98.75</td><td>73.98</td><td>26.02</td></tr><tr><td>T₆: IBA 2500 ppm</td><td>20.39</td><td>88.75</td><td>67.45</td><td>32.54</td></tr><tr><td>S. Em.±</td><td>0.384</td><td>1.886</td><td>1.407</td><td>1.407</td></tr><tr><td>C.D. at 5 %</td><td>1.14</td><td>5.60</td><td>4.18</td><td>4.18</td></tr><tr><td>C. V. %</td><td>4.33</td><td>4.05</td><td>4.05</td><td>9.18</td></tr></tbody></table>

The maximum number of leaves (14.06) in T₅. Whereas, minimum number of leaves per cutting (9.85) in T₁. Increasing leaf production in cuttings might be attributed to increasing root number and root length in growth regulator treated cuttings that might have enabled cuttings to absorb more water and nutrients from rooting media, leading to better growth and production of leaves. Since the root is considered as the main source of cytokinin, it may help for producing a higher leaf number. This result is in agreement with the findings of (16) in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (6) in croton, (3) in fig and (12) in star gooseberry(Maximum number of shoots (2.25) in T₅. Whereas, minimum number of shoots in T₁.This might be due to the portion of branch utilized and the mobilization and utilization of the carbohydrate due to increase in the indigenous auxin had significant effect on the maximum number of shoots. This result is in agreement with the findings of (1) in white shrub and firebush shrub, (12) in star gooseberry, (21) in mulberry and (13) in nerium(Maximum leaf area (76.36 cm²) in T₅.
Whereas, minimum leaf area (43.92 cm²) in T₁. Maximum values recorded in cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm might be due to early sprouting with a consequent higher level of photosynthesates and/or dry matter production and as well as greater absorption of nutrients and water from the soil encouraging fast growth. This result is in agreement with the findings of (12) in star gooseberry. Maximum length of main shoot (8.60 cm) in T₅. Whereas, minimum length of main shoot (5.15 cm) in T₁. As a growth promoter IBA promotes cell division, which results in early rooting leading towards efficient absorption of mineral nutrient and hence maximizes shoot length. This result is in agreement with the findings of (1) in white shrub and fire bush, (11) in bougainvillea cv. Thimma, (3) in fig and (12) in star gooseberry. Maximum girth of main shoot (5.97 mm) in T₅ which was at par with T₄ and T₃. Whereas, minimum girth of main shoot (5.30 mm) in T₁. This may be due to 2000 ppm exhibited early rooting; hence absorption is increased hence shoot diameter increased. This result is in accordance with the findings of (9) in peach and (17) in apple. (Table 2)

The maximum fresh weight of shoot (8.88 g) and dry weight of shoot (3.92 g) in T₅. Whereas, minimum fresh weight of shoot (4.22 g) and dry weight of shoot (2.38 g) in T₁. The increase in the production of the leaves and leaf area ultimately increased photosynthesis, relative growth rate and growth of lateral branching of shoot which were increased fresh biomass of shoot consequently dry biomass of shoot. This result is in agreement with the findings of (12) in star gooseberry and (3) in fig. (Table 2)

<table><caption>Table 2: Effect of IBA on vegetative growth parameters of cuttings in dracaena</caption><thead><tr><th>Treatment</th><th>Number of leaves</th><th>Number of shoots</th><th>Leaf area (cm²)</th><th>Length of mainshoot (cm)</th><th>Girth of mainshoot (mm)</th><th>Fresh weight ofshoot (g)</th><th>Dry weight ofshoot (g)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>T₁:Control</td><td>9.85</td><td>1.75</td><td>43.92</td><td>5.15</td><td>5.30</td><td>4.22</td><td>2.38</td></tr><tr><td>T₂: IBA 500 ppm</td><td>10.85</td><td>1.95</td><td>64.76</td><td>5.76</td><td>5.69</td><td>5.53</td><td>3.00</td></tr><tr><td>T₃: IBA 1000 ppm</td><td>11.10</td><td>2.00</td><td>68.17</td><td>5.88</td><td>5.73</td><td>5.60</td><td>3.31</td></tr><tr><td>T₄: IBA 1500 ppm</td><td>13.35</td><td>2.05</td><td>72.28</td><td>7.49</td><td>5.86</td><td>5.89</td><td>3.59</td></tr><tr><td>T₅: IBA 2000 ppm</td><td>14.60</td><td>2.25</td><td>76.36</td><td>8.60</td><td>5.97</td><td>8.88</td><td>3.92</td></tr><tr><td>T₆: IBA 2500 ppm</td><td>10.6</td><td>1.90</td><td>55.56</td><td>5.45</td><td>5.54</td><td>4.47</td><td>2.55</td></tr><tr><td>S. Em.±</td><td>0.320</td><td>0.057</td><td>1.319</td><td>0.178</td><td>0.132</td><td>0.070</td><td>0.055</td></tr><tr><td>C.D. at 5 %</td><td>0.95</td><td>0.17</td><td>3.91</td><td>0.53</td><td>0.39</td><td>0.20</td><td>0.16</td></tr><tr><td>C. V. %</td><td>5.47</td><td>5.82</td><td>4.15</td><td>5.60</td><td>4.65</td><td>2.44</td><td>3.56</td></tr></tbody></table>

The maximum number of roots (27.35) in T₅ which was at par with T₄. Whereas, minimum number of roots (12.70) in T₁. It is generally known that the formation of adventitious roots in plants is controlled by growth substances and auxins are the principal hormones playing a direct role in this process. Accordingly, the formation of adventitious roots is related to an increase in the level of auxin at the stem base. Auxins can control the meristemic activity of tissues and also enhance the supply of substances at the sites of root formation. This confirms that IBA is one of the widely applicable root-forming stimulants. IBA is known to induce a high number of adventitious roots (Hartmann et al., 2002). This result is in agreement with the findings of (6) in croton, (14) in dracaena, (11) in bougainvillea cv. Thimma, (1) in white shrub and fire bush. Maximum length of longest root (26.89 cm) in T₅. Whereas, minimum number of roots (15.83 cm) in T₁. The increase in root length may be due to the maximum number of branches per shoot whose tips produces more auxin which results in root elongation and the effect of metabolites translocation and carbohydrates metabolism. The above results are conformity with (6) in croton, (1) in white shrub and fire bush, (11) in bougainvillea cv. Thimma. (Table 3).

The maximum fresh weight of roots (7.19 g) in T₅. Whereas, minimum fresh weight of roots (1.02 g) in T₁. It was observed that fresh weight of roots is directly associated to the number and size of root. Increase in number and length of roots, enhanced the fresh weight of roots. The reason for this may be the more rapid translocation of hormone along the way of cell division and elongation and enhanced enzymatic activity. This result is in agreement with the findings of (6) in croton. Maximum dry weight of roots (2.95 g) in T₅. Whereas, minimum dry weight of roots (0.85 g) in T₁. Stimulation of rooting process with auxin, carbohydrate transportation from leaf to root increases, therefore, it causes increasing of the dry weight of roots (5). This result is in agreement with the findings of (6) in croton, (15) in
# RESEARCH MATRIX :2321-7073

Peer Reviewed & Refereed | International Multidisciplinary journal of applied research

bougainvillea var. Thimma and (18) in *Jasmine sambac*, (3) in fig and (12) in star gooseberry. (Table 3).

The maximum root: shoot ratio (0.81) in T<sub>5</sub> which was at par with T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>3</sub>. Whereas, minimum root: shoot ratio (0.24) in T<sub>1</sub>. The increase in the production of the leaves and leaf area ultimately increased photosynthesis, relative growth rate and growth of lateral branching of shoot which were increased fresh biomass of shoot and root: shoot ratio. This result is in agreement with the findings (6) in croton and (12) in star gooseberry. (Table 3)

<table><caption>Table 3: Effect of IBA on root growth parameters of cuttings in dracaena</caption><thead><tr><th>Treatment</th><th>Number of roots</th><th>Length of longest root (cm)</th><th>Freshweight of roots (g)</th><th>Dryweight of roots (g)</th><th>Root: shoot ratio</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>T<sub>1</sub>:Control</td><td>12.70</td><td>15.83</td><td>1.02</td><td>0.85</td><td>0.24</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>2</sub>: IBA 500 ppm</td><td>23.05</td><td>17.03</td><td>4.23</td><td>1.28</td><td>0.76</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>3</sub>: IBA 1000 ppm</td><td>24.35</td><td>18.87</td><td>4.31</td><td>1.37</td><td>0.79</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>4</sub>: IBA 1500 ppm</td><td>26.30</td><td>23.58</td><td>4.76</td><td>1.48</td><td>0.80</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>5</sub>: IBA 2000 ppm</td><td>27.35</td><td>26.89</td><td>7.19</td><td>2.95</td><td>0.81</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>6</sub>: IBA 2500 ppm</td><td>18.80</td><td>16.17</td><td>3.13</td><td>1.01</td><td>0.70</td></tr><tr><td>S. Em.±</td><td>0.838</td><td>0.401</td><td>0.103</td><td>0.030</td><td>0.014</td></tr><tr><td>C.D. at 5 %</td><td>2.49</td><td>1.19</td><td>0.30</td><td>0.09</td><td>0.04</td></tr><tr><td>C. V. %</td><td>7.59</td><td>4.06</td><td>5.01</td><td>4.07</td><td>4.35</td></tr></tbody></table>

## CONCLUSION

On the basis of experimental data, it can be concluded that among different concentration of IBA, 2000 ppm IBA for dracaena cuttings showed better result in all parameters like number of days to new sprout, success percentage, number of leaves, number of shoots, leaf area, length and girth of main shoot, number of roots, length of longest root, fresh weight of shoot and roots, dry weight of shoot and roots, root: shoot ratio, survival and mortality percentage of cuttings. Also, 2000 ppm IBA for semi-hardwood cuttings of dracaena gave better results with quick dip method (5 minutes) for highest success and survival rate.

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