# The French contribution to the atmospheric and cryospheric component of an Arctic Observatory

Hans-Werner Jacobi, Philippe Ciais, Jean-Claude Gascard, Kathy S. Law, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean-Daniel Paris, Marc Delmotte, J.-V. Lavric, Gérard Ancellet, Catherine Ritz, et al.

► To cite this version:

Hans-Werner Jacobi, Philippe Ciais, Jean-Claude Gascard, Kathy S. Law, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, et al.. The French contribution to the atmospheric and cryospheric component of an Arctic Observatory. International Polar Year Science Conference, Jun 2010, Oslo, Norway. hal-00526317

HAL Id: hal-00526317

https://hal.science/hal-00526317v1

Submitted on 9 Jan 2023

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Attribution - International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

# The French contribution to the atmospheric and cryospheric component of an Arctic Observatory

INSU
Observer & comprendre

H.-W. Jacobi¹ (jacobi@lgge OBS.UJF-Grenoble.fr), P. Ciais², Jean Claude Gascard³, Kathy Law⁴, Valerie Masson-Delmotte², J.-D. Paris², M. Delmotte², J.V. Lavric², G. Ancellet⁴, C. Ritz¹, H. Gallée¹, A. Dommergue¹, F. Vivier⁵, A. Weill⁴, N. Huret⁶, S. Payan³,

¹CNRS / University Joseph Fourier – Grenoble 1, LGGE, France; ²LSCE, CEA-CNRS, Paris, France; ³University Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, France; ⁴CNRS / University Versailles, LATMOS, France; ⁵CNRS / University Versailles, LOCEAN, France; ⁶CNRS / University Orléans, LPCE, France; MPI for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

## Long-term observations

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

European monitoring network for better understanding of the regional carbon cycle and quantification of emissions

### Atmosphere

- Core parameters - continuous (CO₂, CH₄, CO, PBL height, meteorology)

- Core parameters - periodic (flask samples, concentrations and isotopes)

- Additional parameters (N₂O, SF₆, O₂/N₂, Rn-222)

http://www.icos-infrastructure.eu/

### Cooperation with international partners to extend the network to Siberia and Greenland (Station Nord and Ivittutt)

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

Measurements at Ivittutt

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Dynamics, aerosol and bromine in the polar stratosphere in summer

Investigation of

- the change in large scale transport

- the coupling between the troposphere and the stratosphere

- the aerosol content and the impact on the radiative budget

- bromine species in the stratosphere

payload, SWIR-Balloon : 500kg

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

Development of new instrumentation

Balloon-borne instruments involved in the project

<table><thead><tr><th>Instrument</th><th>Measurement technique</th><th>Measurements used</th><th>Retrieval altitudes provided &amp; Vertical resolution</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SPIRALE LPC2E</td><td>In situ Direct infra-red absorption</td><td>O<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HCl, CO, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, OCS</td><td>9km-35km 5m</td></tr><tr><td>SWIR_Balloon LPMAA</td><td>Remote sensing Infra-red, nadir and limb</td><td>CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, OCS</td><td>Partial columns</td></tr><tr><td>LPMA (LPMAA)</td><td>Remote sensing Infra-red solar Occlusion</td><td>O<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HCl</td><td>15km-35km 1km</td></tr><tr><td>DOAS</td><td>Remote sensing UV Solar occlusion</td><td>BrO</td><td>15km-35km 1km</td></tr><tr><td>SALOMON-N2 (LPC2E)</td><td>Remote sensing UV-visible solar pointing</td><td>O<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, BrO, aerosol extinction</td><td>15km-35km 1 km</td></tr><tr><td>STAC (LPC2E)</td><td>In situ aerosol counter</td><td>Size distribution of aerosols</td><td>10km-35km 10m</td></tr><tr><td>MicroRADIBAL (LOA)</td><td>Remote sensing Scattering and polarization by photopolarimetry</td><td>Nature liquid, solid, size distribution of aerosols</td><td>15km-35km 1km</td></tr></tbody></table>

balloon deployment provides : In situ and remote sensing measurements vertical profiles from UT to stratosphere partial column in the troposphere

Example : SPIRIT new instrumentation Multipass optical cell,

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

Brevets France (05/08396) et International (WO 2007/017570 A1)

C. Robert (Applied Optics, 2007)

Pi of the instrument : V. Catoire LPC₂E

## Modeling

Ice sheet modeling with the regional climate model MAR

ERA-40 + ERA-INTERIM reanalysis

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

Atmospheric boundaries

1st level: 3m, 25th level ~ 21km

Resolution: 25km

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

Not coupled with an ice sheet model !

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance

Accumulation zone
Equilibrium line
Ablation zone

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

Mean (year)

min: -3401.376 ave: 203.493

max: 1684.067 sig: 570.547

Period:
1979-2008

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

Trend (year⁻¹)

Ice sheet modeling
New approach with a high-resolution model including adjusted grid sizes

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

- Depth reached in 2009: 1757.84 m

- covering past 38000 years average temperature -28 °C accumulation 20 cm WE year⁻¹ most fresh snow in summer

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

Warm period deglaciation last glacial period

NEEM depth [m]

## Process studies in the troposphere

Investigation of long-range transport of pollutants to the Arctic, chemical processing in the atmosphere

Summer campaign
12 flights over
Greenland (30 June
to 14 July 2008)

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>

OPTIMISM: the system BEAR for autonomous flux measurements over the Arctic Ocean

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

Chemical processing of pollutants in the snow

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

- divalent form: Hg²⁺

- reactive and soluble

- bio-available

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /></figure>

- organic form: MeHg

- toxic

- bioaccumulates

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

Soil

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

## Paleoclimate

Ice core project NEEM
Objective:

Go back more than 130000 years to the last interglacial period

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>