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# Archives of Neurosurgery

# High-Grade AVM. Educational Vignette and Clinical Cases

## Authors

Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow Marcelo Augusto Acosta Goiri, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow Daniela Coelho, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow Juan Alberto Paz Archila, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow Talita Helena Martins Sarti, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow Feres Chaddad-Neto, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São PauloFollow

## Corresponding Author

Talita Helena Martins Sarti, M.D.

Federal University of São Paulo – Paulista School of Medicine

Napoleão de Barros St., 715, 6th floor / 04024-001, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Cellphone: +55 11 950440022 / E-mail: talita.helena.ms@hotmail.com

## Document Type

Educational Vignette

## Abstract

The arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a vascular malformation characterized by fistulas between arteries and veins forming a nidus, without interposition of capillary vessels and of which early draining vein is identified at the digital angiography. Potential reports of its existence date from the second century AD. Spetzler and Martin (S-M) proposed a classification considering three features and Lawton then added new predictors. A maximum of 10 score can be achieved by applying the modified S-M grade system. This classification guides decision-making and the possible choice of the multimodal treatment (surgery, radiosurgery and embolization). We discuss historical, pathological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of the condition. Much emphasis was placed on the AVM classified as grade III, once it requires multimodal therapy. Surgical technique and anatomical nuances are well described in the text and we also report cases to demonstrate our approach to the patients with AVM.

## Completion Checklist

MAIN MANUSCRIPT DOCX; COVER LETTER; TITLE PAGE; ABSTRACT; KEYWORDS; ABBREVIATIONS; AUTHOR DISCLOSURES; BACKGROUND; DISCUSSION; TABLE LEGENDS; FIGURE LEGENDS; AUTHOR CREDITS DOCX; REPORTING GUIDELINES FLOWCHART (IF NEEDED) PPTX; TABLES PPTX; FIGURES PPTX

## Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

## Recommended Citation

da Costa, Marcos Devanir Silva; Goiri, Marcelo Augusto Acosta; Coelho, Daniela; Archila, Juan Alberto Paz; Martins Sarti, Talita Helena; and Chaddad-Neto, Feres (2025) "High-Grade AVM. Educational Vignette and Clinical Cases," Archives of Neurosurgery: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.71119/2992-8478.1031 Available at: https://www.ansjournal.org/home/vol2/iss1/7

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