# Effect of host plant species and insecticides on the evolution of genetic diversity of a crop pest

Benoît Barrès, Roy Lise, Cécile Capderrey, Frédérique Mahéo,

Jean-Christophe Simon

► To cite this version:

Benoît Barrès, Roy Lise, Cécile Capderrey, Frédérique Mahéo, Jean-Christophe Simon. Effect of host plant species and insecticides on the evolution of genetic diversity of a crop pest. Congrès de la Société Européenne de Biologie Evolutive, Aug 2022, Prague, Czech Republic. anses-04532735

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License
# Effect of host plant species and insecticides on the evolution of genetic diversity of a crop pest

Benoit BARRÈS<fnref n="1" />, Lise ROY<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Cécile CAPDERREY<fnref n="1" />, Frédérique MAHÉO<fnref n="3" />, Jean-Christophe SIMON<fnref n="3" />

## CONTEXT

Pesticides applications can be a strong driver of the evolution and genetic differentiation of pest populations. Pesticides use varies between crops and over time according to marketing authorization. A better understanding of the evolution and spread of pesticide resistance alleles in populations is a major challenge for pest management.

## BIOLOGICAL MODEL

* *Myzus persicae* (Sulzer 1776)

* Generalist (>50 crop species)

* Multi-resistant to most insecticides

* Holocyclic and anholocyclic populations

* Sexual phase on peach trees (primary host) and asexual phase on many plants (secondary hosts)

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

## MATERIAL AND METHODS

- Two sets of samples :

* From various host plants → identified crop species *peach* / *oilseed rape* / *tobacco* (+14 other)

* From aerial trap → temporal sampling 2001-2007

- 14 microsatellite markers

- 4 target site resistance loci

- 1299 successfully genotyped individuals

## RESULTS

### Individual based genetic analyses

**Map of the sampling sites**

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

- four well defined neutral genetic clusters

- 1 cluster associated with the primary host

- 2 clusters associated with secondary hosts

- 1 highly divergent cluster (likely *Myzus certus*, a closely related species)

- strong association between resistance genotype and genetic cluster

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

### Temporal clonal dynamics

**Temporal variation of multilocus genotypes (MLG) in the aerial trap**

Genetic cluster membership of MLG is indicated by the same colors as in the 4-K STRUCTURE analysis. Solid colors: repeated MLG. Shaded colors: unique MLG. MLG belonging to the resistotype RG2 (carrying both a pyrethroid and pirimicarb resistance alleles) are indicated by a red star. Vertical dashed light blue line: first record of recurrent control failures with carbamate in oilseed rape in France

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

- some persistent MLG

- rapid turn-over of MLG

- higher genotypic and genic diversity in the red and blue clusters

- emergence of a multi-resistant clone linked to control failure

## CONCLUSIONS

* genetic differentiation strongly associated with host plant/reproductive mode and resistotypes

* a small number of generalist clones carrying resistance alleles and persisting over time

* an evolutionary dynamic driven both by biological capacities and human activities

* better understanding of the evolution of pesticide resistance in agricultural landscape necessary for a better control of pests

Learn more

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

Download

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

RÉPUBLIQUE
FRANÇAISE

Liberté
Égalité
Fraternité

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

anses

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

CENTRE D'ECOLOGIE
FONCTIONNELLE
& EVOLUTIVE

INRAO

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

Contact: benoit.barres@anses.fr

<footnote n="1">¹Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³INRAE, UMR IGEPP, Rennes, France</footnote>
# Effect of host plant species and insecticides on the evolution of genetic diversity of a crop pest

Benoit BARRÈS<fnref n="1" />, Lise ROY<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Cécile CAPDERREY<fnref n="1" />, Frédérique MAHÉO<fnref n="3" />, Jean-Christophe SIMON<fnref n="3" />

## CONTEXT

Pesticides applications can be a strong driver of the evolution and genetic differentiation of pest populations. Pesticides use varies between crops and over time according to marketing authorization. A better understanding of the evolution and spread of pesticide resistance alleles in populations is a major challenge for pest management.

## BIOLOGICAL MODEL

* *Myzus persicae* (Sulzer 1776)

* Generalist (>50 crop species)

* Multi-resistant to most insecticides

* Holocyclic and anholocyclic populations

* Sexual phase on peach trees (primary host) and asexual phase on many plants (secondary hosts)

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

## MATERIAL AND METHODS

- Two sets of samples :

* From various host plants → identified crop species *peach* / *oilseed rape* / *tobacco* (+14 other)

* From aerial trap → temporal sampling 2001-2007

- 14 microsatellite markers

- 4 target site resistance loci

- 1299 successfully genotyped individuals

## RESULTS

### Individual based genetic analyses

**Map of the sampling sites**

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

-four well defined neutral genetic clusters

-1 cluster associated with the primary host

-2 clusters associated with secondary hosts

-1 highly divergent cluster (likely *Myzus certus*, a closely related species)

-strong association between resistance genotype and genetic cluster

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

### Temporal clonal dynamics

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

-some persistent MLG

-rapid turn-over of MLG

-higher genotypic and genic diversity in the red and blue clusters

-emergence of a multi-resistant clone linked to control failure

**Temporal variation of multilocus genotypes (MLG) in the aerial trap**

Genetic cluster membership of MLG is indicated by the same colors as in the 4-K STRUCTURE analysis. Solid colors: repeated MLG. Shaded colors: unique MLG. MLG belonging to the resistotype RG2 (carrying both a pyrethroid and pirimicarb resistance alleles) are indicated by a red star. Vertical dashed light blue line: first record of recurrent control failures with carbamate in oilseed rape in France

## CONCLUSIONS

* genetic differentiation strongly associated with host plant/reproductive mode and resistotypes

* a small number of generalist clones carrying resistance alleles and persisting over time

* an evolutionary dynamic driven both by biological capacities and human activities

* better understanding of the evolution of pesticide resistance in agricultural landscape necessary for a better control of pests

Learn more

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

Download

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

RÉPUBLIQUE
FRANÇAISE

Liberté
Égalité
Fraternité

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

anses

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

CENTRE D'ECOLOGIE
FONCTIONNELLE
& EVOLUTIVE

INRAO

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Contact: benoit.barres@anses.fr

<footnote n="1">¹Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³INRAE, UMR IGEPP, Rennes, France</footnote>