Troch, P. A., Lahmers, T., Meira, A., Mukherjee, R., Pedersen, J. W., Roy, T., & Valdés-Pineda, R. (2015). Catchment coevolution: A useful framework for improving predictions of hydrological change? *Water Resources Research*, *51*, 4903–4922. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017032

Tune, A. K., Druhan, J. L., Wang, J., Bennett, P. C., & Rempe, D. M. (2020). Carbon dioxide production in bedrock beneath soils substantially contributes to forest carbon cycling. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences*, *125*(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005795

Uhlig, D., Schuessler, J. A., Bouchez, J., Dixon, J. L., & Von Blanckenburg, F. (2017). Quantifying nutrient uptake as driver of rock weathering in forest ecosystems by magnesium stable isotopes. *Biogeosciences*, *14*(12), 3111–3128. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3111-2017

National Water Information System data available on the World Wide Web (USGS Water Data for the Nation). U.S. Geologic Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN

Van Den Boorn, S. H. J. M., Vroon, P. Z., Van Belle, C. C., Van Der Wagt, B., Schwieters, J., & Van Bergen, M. J. (2006). Determination of silicon isotope ratios in silicate materials by high-resolution MC-ICP-MS using a sodium hydroxide sample digestion method. *Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry*, *21*(8), 734–742. https://doi.org/10.1039/b600933f

Van der Hoven, S. J., & Quade, J. (2002). Tracing spatial and temporal variations in the sources of calcium in pedogenic carbonates in a semiarid environment. *Geoderma*, *108*(3–4), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00134-9

Van Der Velde, Y., Torfs, P. J. J. F., Van Der Zee, S. E. A. T. M., & Uijlenhoet, R. (2012). Quantifying catchment-scale mixing and its effect on time-varying travel time distributions. *Water Resources Research*, *48*(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011310

Vázquez-Ortega, A., Perdrial, J., Harpold, A., Zapata-Ríos, X., Rasmussen, C., McIntosh, J., et al. (2015). Rare earth elements as reactive tracers of biogeochemical weathering in forested rhyolitic terrain. *Chemical Geology*, *391*, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.016

Vet, R., Artz, R. S., Carou, S., Shaw, M., Ro, C. U., Aas, W., et al. (2014). A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus. *Atmospheric Environment*, *93*, 3–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.060

West, A. J., Galy, A., & Bickle, M. (2005). Tectonic and climatic controls on silicate weathering. *Earth and Planetary Science Letters*, *235*(1–2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.020

White, A., Moravec, B., McIntosh, J., Olshansky, Y., Paras, B., Sanchez, R. A., et al. (2019). Storage and routing of water in the deep critical zone of a snow dominated volcanic catchment. *Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions*, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-140

White, A. F., & Blum, A. E. (1995). Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds. *Water-Rock Interaction. Proc. Symposium, Vladivostok*, *59*(9), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-13

White, A. F., Blum, A. E., Bullen, T. D., Vivit, D. V., Schulz, M., & Fitzpatrick, J. (1999). The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks. *Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta*, *63*(19–20), 3277–3291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1

White, T., Brantley, S., Banwart, S., Chorover, J., Dietrich, W., Derry, L., et al. (2015). *The role of critical zone observatories in critical zone science. Developments in earth surface processes* (Vol. 19). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63369-9.00002-1

Wiederhold, J. G. (2015). Metal stable isotope signatures as tracers in environmental geochemistry. *Environmental Science and Technology*, *49*(5), 2606–2624. https://doi.org/10.1021/es504683e

Wilcock, J., Goff, F., Minarik, W. G., & Stix, J. (2013). Magmatic recharge during the formation and resurgence of thevalles caldera, new mexico, usa: Evidence from quartz compositional zoning and geothermometry. *Journal of Petrology*, *54*(4), 635–664. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs078

Wlostowski, A. N., Molotch, N., Anderson, S. P., Brantley, S. L., Chorover, J., Dralle, D., et al. (2021). Signatures of hydrologic function across the critical zone observatory network. *Water Resources Research*, *57*(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026635

Yanhe, L., Tiping, D., & Defang, W. (1995). Experimental study of silicon isotope dynamic fractionation and its application in geology. *Chinese Journal of Geochemistry*, *14*(3), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842044

Yoon, B., & Raymond, P. A. (2012). Dissolved organic matter export from a forested watershed during Hurricane Irene. *Geophysical Research Letters*, *39*(17), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052785

Zahibo, N., Pelinovsky, E., Talipova, T., Rabinovich, A., Kurkin, A., & Nikolkina, I. (2007). Statistical analysis of cyclone hazard for Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. *Atmospheric Research*, *84*(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.03.008

Zapata-Rios, X., McIntosh, J., Rademacher, L., Troch, P. A., Brooks, P. D., Rasmussen, C., & Chorover, J. (2015). Climatic and landscape controls on water transit times and silicate mineral weathering in the critical zone. *Water Resources Research*, *51*(8), 6036–6051. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017018

Ziegler, K., Chadwick, O. A., Brzezinski, M. A., & Kelly, E. F. (2005). Natural variations of δ30Si ratios during progressive basalt weathering, Hawaiian Islands. *Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta*, *69*(19), 4597–4610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.05.008

Ziegler, K., Chadwick, O. A., White, A. F., & Brzezinski, M. A. (2005). δ30Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico. *Geology*, *33*(10), 817–820. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21707.1