# Automatically Encoding Encyclopedic-like Resources in TEI

Mohamed Khemakhem, Laurent Romary, Simon Gabay, Hervé Bohbot, Francesca Frontini, Giancarlo Luxardo

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Mohamed Khemakhem, Laurent Romary, Simon Gabay, Hervé Bohbot, Francesca Frontini, et al. Automatically Encoding Encyclopedic-like Resources in TEI. The annual TEI Conference and Members Meeting, Sep 2018, Tokyo, Japan. hal-01819505

HAL Id: hal-01819505

https://inria.hal.science/hal-01819505

Submitted on 20 Jun 2018

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Automatically Encoding Encyclopedic-like Resources in TEI

Mohamed Khemakhem<sup>1,2,3</sup>, Laurent Romary<sup>1,2,4</sup>

{name.surname@inria.fr}

<sup>1</sup> Inria ALMAnaCH, Paris

<sup>2</sup> Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin

<sup>3</sup> Paris Diderot University, Paris

<sup>4</sup> BBAW - Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin

Simon Gabay

{surname.name@unine.ch}

Université de Neuchâtel - Institut de littérature française

Hervé Bohbot, Francesca Frontini, Giancarlo Luxardo

{name.surname@univ-montp3.fr}

Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, PRAXILING UMR 5267

Encyclopedic content exists in different forms of paper-based resources and remains to a very large extent not exploited given the limited alternatives to extract information from the corresponding digitized material. Where TEI has provided mechanisms for encoding such a content, recent works have yielded advanced techniques to apply these mechanisms automatically on raw resources, however clear recommendations for the encoding of such content is still lacking.

As current digitization projects concern encyclopedias, other projects are undertaken to digitize textual resources with heritage significance and with similar features in terms of layout and indexed access. In this paper we introduce new lexicographic models, customizing the TEI schema, we extend existing ones and we present their application on two categories of resources, currently under development to be made available for public use:

* Encyclopedic sections of early, out of copyright, versions of a reference French Dictionary (Petit Larousse Illustré),

* Manuscripts auction catalogues, which are old resources for referencing and semantically describing manuscripts for sale.

The definition of these models is based on the significant similarities noticed at different levels of the described information in such entry-based resources. We have employed elements from the TEI dictionaries module to enable the segmentation of morphological and semantic information encompassed by respectively `<form>` and `<sense>` elements, already extracted by dedicated existing models in GROBID-Dictionaries<sup>1</sup>'s architecture. In fact, each entry in both types of resources carries two main encyclopedic information. First, the name or the label of a concept, coupled with one or more of its extended form and coming sometimes with a brief description. Then, a second block comes to establish an exhaustive description of the concept and to

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup> https://github.com/MedKhem/grobid-dictionaries/</footnote>
present related information such as bibliography or pricing. In addition, we have used a customized version of the `<entry>` element to allow the generic encoding of entry numbering (see second excerpt in the table below).

<table><thead><tr><th>TEI encoding</th><th>Excerpt from Dictionary Encyclopedic Section in Petit Larousse Illustré (1948)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><pre><table><tr><td><strong>&lt;entry&gt;</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;form type="lemma"&gt;</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;persName&gt;</strong>ABERDEEN&lt;/persName&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;addName&gt;</strong>(G. H. Gordon, comte d')&lt;/addName&gt;&lt;pc&gt;&lt;/pc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;desc&gt;</strong>homme d'Etat anglais, né à Edimbourg&lt;/desc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;/form&gt;</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;pc&gt;</strong>.&lt;/pc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;sense&gt;</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;def&gt;</strong>Premier ministre en 1852, il conclut avec la France une alliance contre la Russie (1784-1860)&lt;/def&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;/sense&gt;</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;pc&gt;</strong>.&lt;/pc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>&lt;/entry&gt;</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
We will present in-depth our progress in implementing morphological and semantic models and show through the results at each structuring level how such information could be uniformly encoded and automatically extracted from these resources.

References:

1. Mohamed Khemakhem, Luca Foppiano, Laurent Romary. Automatic Extraction of TEI Structures in Digitized Lexical Resources using Conditional Random Fields. electronic lexicography, eLex 2017, Sep 2017, Leiden, Netherlands

2. Mohamed Khemakhem, Axel Herold, Laurent Romary. Enhancing Usability for Automatically Structuring Digitised Dictionaries. GLOBALEX workshop at LREC 2018, May 2018, Miyazaki, Japan.

3. Hervé Bohbot, Francesca Frontini, Giancarlo Luxardo, Mohamed Khemakhem, Laurent Romary. Presenting the Nénufar Project: a Diachronic Digital Edition of the Petit Larousse Illustré. GLOBALEX 2018 - Globalex workshop at LREC 2018, May 2018, Miyazaki, Japan.