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# E.5 List of Tables and Figures

## List of Figures

<table><tr><td>1</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolling in Higher Education, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolling in Master's Degree or Selective Programs, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Higher Education Attendance by Parents' Pre-Tax Income, Occupation, and Diploma</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education in France and in the United States, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Correlations Between Academic Skills, Behavioral Skills and Socio-Economic Status in France and in the United States</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Educational Aspirations in France and the United States</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Distribution of Higher Education Spending Over One Year in France and in the United States</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Inequalities in Public and Private Spending on Higher Education in France</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>C1</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolled in Higher Education, by the Sum of Individual Pre-Tax Income of Both Parents</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>D2</td><td>Distribution of Public Spending for Higher Education</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>D3</td><td>Rank-Rank Correlation</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>D4</td><td>Duration of Study</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>D5</td><td>Extensive and Intensive Margins</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>D6</td><td>Spending for Higher Education, Net of Parental Taxes Funding Higher Education</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>D7</td><td>Highest Degree Earned by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>D8</td><td>Lifetime Earnings by Gender and Educational Level</td><td>72</td></tr></table>

## List of Tables

<table><tr><td>1</td><td>Descriptive Statistics</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income Quintile</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Decomposition of Higher Education Participation Rate Differences by Prior Credentials</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Decomposition of Differences in Public Spending on Higher Education</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>A1</td><td>Synthesis of the Economic Literature on the Redistributivity of Education Spending</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>B2</td><td>Grouping of Occupations</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>B3</td><td>Comparison of Income Distributions in ENRJ and ERFS Samples</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>B4</td><td>Parental Income Distribution in France and the United States</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>B5</td><td>Per Student Annual Public Spending</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>C6</td><td>Sensitivity of Results to Using Multiple Years of Parental Income</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>C7</td><td>Sensitivity of Results to the Student-Program Matching</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>C8</td><td>Decomposition of Differences in Public Spending on Higher Education: Three Variants of Spending</td><td>57</td></tr></table>
# E.5 List of Tables and Figures

## List of Figures

<table><tr><td>1</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolling in Higher Education, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolling in Master's Degree or Selective Programs, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Higher Education Attendance by Parents' Pre-Tax Income, Occupation, and Diploma</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education in France and in the United States, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Correlations Between Academic Skills, Behavioral Skills and Socio-Economic Status in France and in the United States</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Educational Aspirations in France and the United States</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Distribution of Higher Education Spending Over One Year in France and in the United States</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Inequalities in Public and Private Spending on Higher Education in France</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>C1</td><td>Proportion of Individuals Enrolled in Higher Education, by the Sum of Individual Pre-Tax Income of Both Parents</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>D2</td><td>Distribution of Public Spending for Higher Education</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>D3</td><td>Rank-Rank Correlation</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>D4</td><td>Duration of Study</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>D5</td><td>Extensive and Intensive Margins</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>D6</td><td>Spending for Higher Education, Net of Parental Taxes Funding Higher Education</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>D7</td><td>Highest Degree Earned by Parents' Pre-Tax Income</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>D8</td><td>Lifetime Earnings by Gender and Educational Level</td><td>72</td></tr></table>

## List of Tables

<table><tr><td>1</td><td>Descriptive Statistics</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education, by Parents' Pre-Tax Income Quintile</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Decomposition of Higher Education Participation Rate Differences by Prior Credentials</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Decomposition of Differences in Public Spending on Higher Education</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>A1</td><td>Synthesis of the Economic Literature on the Redistributivity of Education Spending</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>B2</td><td>Grouping of Occupations</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>B3</td><td>Comparison of Income Distributions in ENRJ and ERFS Samples</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>B4</td><td>Parental Income Distribution in France and the United States</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>B5</td><td>Per Student Annual Public Spending</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>C6</td><td>Sensitivity of Results to Using Multiple Years of Parental Income</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>C7</td><td>Sensitivity of Results to the Student-Program Matching</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>C8</td><td>Decomposition of Differences in Public Spending on Higher Education: Three Variants of Spending</td><td>57</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>D9</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education Based on Parents' Income, Occupation and Diploma</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>D10</td><td>Taxes as a Proportion of Pre-Tax Income, by Overall Population Standard-of-Living</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>D11</td><td>Average Public Spending and Fiscal Contribution on Young Adults Over 6-Year Period, by Parents' Pre-Tax Household Income (in Euros)</td><td>70</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>D9</td><td>Enrollment in Higher Education Based on Parents' Income, Occupation and Diploma</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>D10</td><td>Taxes as a Proportion of Pre-Tax Income, by Overall Population Standard-of-Living</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>D11</td><td>Average Public Spending and Fiscal Contribution on Young Adults Over 6-Year Period, by Parents' Pre-Tax Household Income (in Euros)</td><td>70</td></tr></table>