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# Front-of-pack Nutri-Score labelling in France: an evidence-based policy

Chantal Julia, Fabrice Etilé, Serge Hercberg

► To cite this version:

Chantal Julia, Fabrice Etilé, Serge Hercberg. Front-of-pack Nutri-Score labelling in France: an evidence-based policy. Lancet Public Health, 2018, 3 (4), pp.E164-E164. 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30009-4. hal-01779114

HAL Id: hal-01779114

https://pjse.hal.science/hal-01779114

Submitted on 26 May 2020

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Front-of-pack
Nutri-Score labelling in
France: an evidence-
based policy

Since Oct 31, 2017, a front-of-pack labelling system named Nutri-Score (a synthetic information system based on colours and letters from green/A to red/E), allowing consumers to see and compare at a glance the nutritional value of pre-packaged foods is being implemented, on a voluntary basis, in France.¹ Although some experts warned that the Nutri-Score might constitute an obstacle to EU trade,² the measure appeared justified on public health grounds. The adoption of the Nutri-Score label was made after a lengthy 4 year process, during which intense lobbying by agro-industry opposed scientific evidence. Although implementation of policies based on research evidence has been repeatedly shown to be necessary by the public health community and policy makers, the reality of political process is often disappointing. Therefore, the French experience with front-of-pack labelling is a compelling model.

Front-of-pack labelling has been identified for several years by WHO and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as an important strategy to tackle nutrition-related diseases, because it helps consumers make informed decisions on the healthiness of their purchases.³ Moreover, front-of-pack labelling can provide strong incentives to the agro-industry to reformulate its products to improve their nutritional quality.³ Dietary risk factors are leading causes of mortality and disability in the world; dietary risks were estimated to account for 10·3 million deaths worldwide in 2016.⁴ Therefore, curbing the adverse effects of unhealthy diet is a major challenge in public health.

Implementation of front-of-pack labelling was first proposed to the French Minister of Health in 2014;⁵

it was incorporated—in principle—in the Health Law of 2016. The selection of the final graphical format for front-of-pack labelling was controversial and prolonged, involving multiple stakeholders in a consultation process in which scientific evidence finally prevailed. Studies of the nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score, and comparative studies of the perception, understanding, and use of various strategies of front-of-pack labelling, done between 2014 and 2017 concluded that the Nutri-Score was superior to other formats.⁶ The scientific evidence weighted heavily in the decision by health authorities to adopt the Nutri-Score in France.

The framework in which this political decision was made, with reliance on science, was commended by the EU regional office of WHO.⁷ This experience shows how scientific evidence can help policy makers to face trade and commercial forces. The Nutri-Score provides a tool for adjusting regulatory pressure on the marketing, availability, and pricing of food products to form the basis of consistent policy actions targeting not only consumers, but also their food environment.

FE reports grants from AXA Research Fund, outside the submitted work. CJ and SH declare no competing interests.

Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

*Chantal Julia, Fabrice Etilé,
Serge Hercberg

c.julia@eren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr

Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre d'Epidemiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France (CJ, SH); Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny F-93017, France (CJ, SH); and Paris School of Economics, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France (FE)

1. Journal Officiel de la République Française. Arrêté du 31 octobre 2017 fixant la forme de présentation complémentaire à la déclaration nutritionnelle recommandée par l'État en application des articles L. 3232-8 et R. 3232-7 du code de la santé publique. 2017. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2017/10/31/SSAP1730474A/jo/texte (accessed Jan 4, 2018).

2. EU Food Policy. Nutri-Score: health benefits justifies trade risk, says Commission. 2017. http://www.eufoodpolicy.com/cgi-bin/view_article.pl?id=14786 (accessed Jan 4, 2018).

3. OECD. Promoting sustainable consumption—good practices in OECD countries. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008.

4. GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1345–422.

5. Hercberg, S. Propositions pour un nouvel élan de la politique nutritionnelle française de santé publique dans le cadre de la stratégie nationale de santé. 1ère partie: mesures concernant la prévention nutritionnelle. 2014. http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/144000068/index.shtml (accessed Jan 4, 2018).

6. Julia C, Hercberg S. Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the five-colour Nutri-Score. Public Health Panorama 2017; 3: 712–25.

7. WHO Europe. France becomes one of the first countries in region to recommend colour-coded front-of-pack nutrition labeling system. 2017. http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/france/news/news/2017/03/france-becomes-one-of-the-first-countries-in-region-to-recommend-colour-coded-nutrition-labelling-system (accessed Jan 4, 2018).

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Published Online
February 23, 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S2468-2667(18)30009-4

See Editorial page e153