**MANUEL HERNANDEZ-PAJARES** is currently a Full Professor with the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona. Since 1989, he has been involved in GPS. Since 1994, he has focused in new algorithms for precise ionospheric sounding and GNSS navigation. From 2002 to 2007, he was the Chair and Product Coordinator of the International GNSS Service (IGS) Ionosphere WG and the Principal Investigator of many scientific projects received in competitive calls (10 of them in international competition). He has authored over 60 papers in peer reviewed journals. He is co-authoring two national and two international patents and three GPS processing books. He has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE TGARS and *Radio Science* journals, and belongs to working groups in IGS, ESA, and IAGG. He has co-organized the International Beacon Satellite Symposium Meeting, Barcelona, in 2010. He is currently an Expert Advisor of the European Space Agency in the GNSS Scientific Advisory Group.

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**PER HØEG** received the M.S. degree in geo-physics and Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1981 and 1987, respectively. From 1981 to 1986, he was a Researcher with the Danish Space Research Institute and from 1982 to 1985, the Max-Planck Institute for Aeronomy, Germany. From 1986 to 2004, he was a Senior Researcher and the Head of Research with the Danish Meteorological Institute. From 1994 to 2000, he was an external Associate Professor with the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen. From 2004 to 2009, he was a Professor with Aalborg University. From 2009 to 2017, he was a Professor in satellite navigation, space technology, and atmosphere physics with the Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Norway. His research interests include global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) satellite navigation, GNSS ocean reflections, ionosphere and atmosphere radio occultation, electromagnetic wave propagation, multipath phenomena, and turbulence.

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**ADRIAN JÄGGI** received the Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, in 2006. From 2007 to 2009, he was a Research Associate with the Astronomical Institute, University of Bern (AIUB), and a Carl von Linde Junior Fellow with the Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. In 2009, he became a Senior Research Scientist at AIUB, where he was responsible for research on precise orbit determination of low Earth satellites, gravity field recovery, and satellite laser ranging. Since 2012, he has been holding a professorship with the University of Bern. He is currently the Director of the AIUB. His main scientific interests include orbit and gravity field determination of artificial satellites orbiting the Earth, the Moon, and other planets. He is currently coordinating the H2020 Project European Gravity Service for Improved Emergency Management.

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**JUHA KAINULAINEN** was born in Lappajärvi, Finland, in 1979. He received the M.Sc. degree in technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (currently part of the Aalto University), Espoo, Finland, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree from Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, in 2013. He was a Ph.D. student with the Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto University. From 1998 to 1999, he was a Trainee with Nokia Networks and Nokia Telecommunications. From 2001 to 2004, he was a Research Assistant with the Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology. From 2004 to 2005, he was a Young Graduate Trainee with ESA. Since 2012, he has been a Principal

Scientist with Harp Technologies Oy, Finland. He was a Project Manager and the Chief System Engineer in micro- and millimeterwave related technology developments and system studies in the field of remote sensing and space technologies. His duties included development of the department's airborne synthetic aperture radiometer system HUT-2D, managing and involving in several projects in the frame of the ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, and involving in other projects related to microwave remote sensing. His work was related to signal processing of the payload instrument of the SMOS mission. His research interests include micro- and millimeterwave technologies, remote sensing systems, interferometry, and signal processing.

**SHFAQAT ABBAS KHAN** received the Ph.D. degree in geophysics from the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, in 2004. From 2004 to 2007, he was a Research Associate Geodesy with the Department of Geodesy, National Space Institute, where he became a Senior Research Scientist in 2009. In 2011, he became an Associate Professor with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU Space). His main scientific interests are GPS and crustal motion geodesy, plate tectonics, elastic loading of the earth's surface, postglacial rebound, sea level change, GPS meteorology, realization of space geodetic reference frames, numerical modeling of geodynamic processes, ice sheet and glacier mass balance, ocean tide and atmosphere loading, and remote sensing. From 2010 to 2016, he was a Committee Member of the Nordforsk Program for Top-Level Research Initiative—Interaction between climate change and the cryosphere. Since 2015, he has been the Chair of the International Association of Geodesy Sub-Commission 3.4 (Crustal Deformation and Cryospheric Change).

**NORBERT M. K. LEMKE** received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in aerospace engineering from the Berlin University of Technology, Germany, in 1993. Since 1992, he has been a system engineer and a project manager for space projects for national and international institutional and commercial customers over all project phases. He is currently with OHB System as a Deputy Director for predevelopment, space system studies and proposals and is responsible for payloads and small satellites.

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**WEIQIANG LI** received the bachelor's degree and the Ph.D. degree from Beihang University. His Ph.D. dissertation was conducted under the supervision of Prof. Q. Zhang and focused on the signal processing methods and instrument for reflected GNSS signal. In his Ph.D. research, he conceived and designed the GNSS-R instrument prototype, which could receive and process the direct and reflected GPS signal at L1 band. From 2008 to 2010, he was involved in different airborne and coastal verification experiments and focused on the processing of the data collected over sea surface. Since 2012, he has been involved in the ESA-China, work group on GNSS-R. As a part of ESA-China Talent Exchange Program, he studied on the subject of typhoon observation utilizing GNSS-R technique. From 2013 to 2014, he led a project that demonstrates the remote-sensing applications of ocean reflected signals from Beidou satellites. Since 2014, he has been involved in the project on designing of a GNSS remote-sensing small satellite constellation. During the past five years, he has authored over 10 papers in peer-reviewed journals and books on GNSS reflectometry. He has presented his work at several national and regional conferences. He was a recipient of two research awards from Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the GNSS and LBS Association of China and a recipient of the Excellent Youth Paper Award at the China Satellite Navigation Conference in 2014.
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**SON V. NGHIEM** (M'85-S'03-F'15) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, in 1985, and the S.M. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1988 and 1991, respectively.

In 1991, he joined the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology,

where he is currently a Senior Research Scientist, the Science and Applications Development Lead of the Radar Science and Engineering Section, and the JPL Hydrology Discipline Program Manager of the Hydrology Office in the Earth Science and Technology Directorate. His research encompasses active and passive remote sensing, development of advanced satellite radars and radiometers, electromagnetic scattering and emission modeling, and earth sciences and applications from the tropics to polar regions. He holds a patent for his invention on high-resolution wind measurements with satellite data for offshore wind energy development. He has authored 110 peer-reviewed articles and over 380 conference articles.

Dr. Nghiem received the 1999 Lew Allen Award for Excellence in recognition of his pioneering research in the areas of polarimetric scatterometry for Earth science remote sensing and contributions to future advanced satellite instrument concepts, the 2006 NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal for developing scientific applications of scatterometry in land, ice, and snow processes, the 2008 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for his contributions to understanding the melt state of Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets, its significance in Earth science missions, and its implications in climate change, the 2010 NASA Exceptional Technology Achievement Medal for his contributions in developing a new technology using NASA satellite scatterometer data to measure high-resolution global wind for offshore wind energy development, and the 2013 Edward Stones Award for outstanding research publication on the extreme melt across the Greenland ice sheet in 2012. He was invited to present science results on Arctic change and impacts to the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House in 2012. His research results have been reported worldwide by major news networks.

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**NAZZARENO PIERDICCA** (M'04-SM'13) received the Laurea (Ph.D.) degree (cum laude) in electronic engineering from the Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, in 1981. From 1978 to 1982, he was with the Italian Agency for Alternative Energy. From 1982 to 1990, he was with the Remote Sensing Division, Telespazio, Rome. In 1990, he joined the Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, where he

is currently a Full Professor with the Faculty of Engineering and teaches remote sensing, antenna, and electromagnetic fields. His research interests include electromagnetic scattering and emission models for sea and bare soil surfaces and their inversion, microwave radiometry of the atmosphere, radar land applications, and bistatic radar. He is a past Chairman of the GRSS Central Italy Chapter and a member of the ESA GEROS-SAG.

**MARCOS PORTABELLA** received the B.Sc. degree in physics from the University of Barcelona, Spain, in 1994, the M.Sc. degree in remote sensing from the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia, Spain, in 1995, and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Barcelona in 2002. He is currently with the Institut de Ciències del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, where he was involved in satellite remote sensing. He is also involved in scatterometry and L-band radiometry.

**KIMMO RAUTIAINEN** received the M.Sc. degree from the Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Espoo, Finland, in 1996. He was a Research Scientist with the TKK Laboratory of Space Technology focusing on microwave radiometer systems, with emphasis on interferometric radiometers. Since 2010, he has been a Research Scientist with the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research, specializing in development of retrieval algorithms for passive microwave remote sensing, with a focus on cryosphere applications.

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**ANTONIO RIUS** received the Ph.D. degree in astrophysics from Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain, in 1974. From 1975 to 1985, he was a Member of the Technical Staff with NASA's Deep Space Communications Complex, Madrid, Spain, where he was responsible for the radio astronomical activities. Since 1986, he has been with the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona. He is currently a CSIC Research Professor AH with the

research group on Earth Observation at the Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ICE-CSIC/IEEC).

**INGO SASGEN** received the Diploma degree in geophysics from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree (summa cum laude) from the Free University Berlin, GFZ German Research Center of Geoscience, in 2009. His core field of expertise is analyzing temporal satellite gravimetry for signatures of ice-mass change and glacial-isostatic adjustment. Since 2003, he has been a part of the European GRACE Science Team. He undertook a research visit at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories, California, USA, in 2013, and was with Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA, for two years from 2014 to 2015. From 2013 to 2015, he led the ESA Support To Science Project REGINA, including five institutional partners. Since 2016, he has been with the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, responsible for the development of multi-satellite products for continental ice mass change.

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**MAXIMILIAN SEMMLING** received the degree in physics from Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree from the Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, in 2012. Since 2008, he has been with the Department Geodesy, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. He is experienced in ground-based experiments for sea ice reflectometry in the Arctic (Disko Bay, Spitsbergen), airborne experiments for sea surface altimetry with a Zeppelin airship over Lake

Constance and with the High Altitude LOng range research aircraft over the Mediterranean Sea. He concentrates on simulations of the GEROS-ISS phase altimetry and preparations for an airborne experiment to study GNSS ice sheets reflections over Antarctica. His research interests include the field of GNSS reflectometry and its application for remote sensing.
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**C. K. SHUM** is currently a Professor and a Distinguished University Scholar with the Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. He was a Lead Author in the 2007 IPCC Working Group I (The Physical Science Basis), Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Chapter, involving ocean climates and sea-level rise. He has authored over 240 journal articles. He and his group focuses on research topics including the use of geodetic measurements and understanding of the geophysical causes of global sea level rise, under anthropogenic climate change. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Association of Geodesy. He received the Vening Meinesz Medal from the European Geosciences Union for distinguished research in geodesy, and also many other awards.

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**FRANÇOIS SOULAT** received the Ph.D. degree in physics of remote sensing from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, in 2004. From 2001 to 2006, he was with Starlab, where he was responsible of GNSS-R research projects. He spent almost two years at Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France, as the Manager of European projects dedicated to the Copernicus Marine Services. Since 2007, he has been with the Space Oceanography Division, Collecte Localisation Satellites, where his is currently involved in SAR and InSAR radar altimetry. He is currently coordinating the Phase B activities of the wide swath altimeter SWOT.

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**ANDREA K. STEINER** received the Ph.D. degree in meteorology and geophysics from the University of Graz, Austria. She studied at Biosphere 2, AZ, USA, and was a Visiting Scientist at the Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA. Since 2003, she has been a Lecturer with the University of Graz, where she received the venia docendi in geophysics and environmental system sciences in 2013 and was an appointed tenured Professor in 2017. She is currently the Vice Director of the Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, and the Vice Head of Atmospheric Remote Sensing and Climate System Research Group, University of Graz. Her research in atmospheric and environmental physics focuses on atmospheric remote sensing and the use for climate change monitoring and research. She is an expert on radio occultation and its application for atmosphere and climate. http:// homepage.uni-graz.at/andi.steiner/.

**SÉBASTIEN TAILHADES** received the master's degree in electrical and control engineering from ENSEEIHT, Toulouse, France. He was an Attitude and Orbit Control System Engineer with ESTEC, Noordwijk, and Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, from 2004 to 2007. He was a System Engineer for spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar missions with DLR until 2014, where he was involved in reconnaissance and civil projects like SAR-Lupe, SARah, and TerraSAR-X. He is currently with OHB System as a Marketing and Sales Manager.

**MAIK THOMAS** received the Ph.D. degree (summa cum laude) in geosciences from the University Hamburg in 2001. Since 2007, he has been the Head of the Earth System Modelling Section, GFZ, and holds a joint professorship of GFZ and Freie Universität Berlin on modeling of fluid dynamics in the Earth system. The main focus of his activities is on the simulation of near-surface fluid dynamics and their interactions with the solid earth. He is involved in numerous national and international research projects, is, among others, the head of the GGOS committee on Earth system modeling and has a strong background in the model-based utilization of integral observations, in particular the integration of geophysical/geodetic monitoring data into numerical system model approaches.

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**ROGER VILASECA** received the degree in telecommunication engineering from the Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain, in 2004, the degree in economics from the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, and the degree in electronics engineer from UPC. Since 2000, he has been with TRYO Aerospace, where he is currently the Chief Technical Officer. He is responsible of the technical review and approval of flight hardware designed in the company and future developments. He has been involved in several ESA Earth observation and scientific programs (SMOS, Planck, SMOSops, SuperMIRAS, PARIS, GEROS-ISS, GAIA, Meteosat 3rd Generation or Metop 2nd Generation), where the company has provided flight hardware like radiometers, GNSS reflectometers, and phase arrays, from UHF to Ka-band frequency. He has also been involved in MMIC and RF design of LNA's, downconverters, SSPA's, and frequency synthesizers for other flight programs.

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**CINZIA ZUFFADA** received the Ph.D. in electronic engineering degree from the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. She was an Assistant Professor in electromagnetic fields theory with the University of Pavia. In 1992, she joined the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA, USA. She was the Manager of the Earth Remote Sensing Section, JPL Science Division. She is currently the Associate Chief Scientist with JPL. She oversees a number of programs supporting collaborations between JPL and the academic community. She pioneered the global navigation satellite system reflectometry technique for ocean remote sensing and contributed to electromagnetic scattering and radiation research as a researcher.