Background: To provide information in the distribution of ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups since there has been no such study carried out in Kano.Study Population/Method: A total of 5,303 blood donors and pregnant women who came for antenatal care at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January and December, 2003 were determined by Dacie and Lewis method. Result: Blood group O had the highest distribution of 55.3%, followed by similar result of 20.8% and 207% of blood groups A and B respectively while blood group AB had the lowest distribution of 3.2%. The prevalence of Rh(D) negative subjects amongst the population studied was 5.1%. Similar result were obtained when the distribution of A Rh (D) positive, A Rh (D) negative, B Rh (D) positive, B Rh(D) negative, O Rh(D)positive and O Rh (D)negative(20.1%, 1.3%, 19.6%,1.1%, 50% and 2.3% respectively) of pregnant women were compared to 19.6%, 0.83%, 19.7%, 1.0%, 53.9%,and 3.% respectively of blood donor. However, striking differences were observed when AB Rhesus (D) positive (5.4%) and AB Rh(D) negative (0.24%) of pregnant women were compared to 1.6% and 0.1% respectively of blood donors. Conclusion: Similar result of ABO and Rhesus (D)blood groups distribution have been observed in this study when compared to previous studies in Nigeria. However, there is a need for further study to be carried out with regard to tribes since ethnicity and inter-tribal marriage have been found by earlier authors to influence the ABO and Rhesus blood groups distribution most especially in the urban areas. Keywords: distribution, ABO and rhesus (D) groups, Kano Highland Medical Research Journal Vol. 3(2) 2005: 139-143