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LIST OF FIGURES

<table><tr><td>1.1</td><td>Tremor and low-frequency earthquakes</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>1.2</td><td>Simple-force valve seismic source</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1.3</td><td>LFE activity patterns</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>1.4</td><td>Veins and hydrofracturation in the subduction channel</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1.5</td><td>Pore-scale clogging</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>2.1</td><td>Whole catalog, and selected sub-catalog of LFEs in Guerrero</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>2.2</td><td>Amplitude-impulsivity characteristics of selected LFEs</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>2.3</td><td>Selected LFEs' waveforms</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>2.4</td><td>Measurements of moment and corner frequency for a given LFE</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>2.5</td><td>Moment-duration scaling of LFEs in Guerrero</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>2.6</td><td>Binned moment-frequency distributions and uncertainties</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>2.7</td><td>Moment-frequency distribution of the selected LFEs</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>2.A.1</td><td>Tremor spectrogram</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>2.A.2</td><td>Influence of filtering on corner frequency measurement</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>2.A.3</td><td>Effects of a band-limited detection on LFEs f<sub>c</sub></td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>2.B.1</td><td>Attenuation models in Guerrero</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>2.B.2</td><td>Effect of crustal attenuation in Guerrero</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>2.B.3</td><td>Effects of a highly-attenuating fault zone on f<sub>c</sub></td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>3.1</td><td>Intermittence and migration of LFEs in Guerrero, Mexico</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>3.2</td><td>Conceptual model of a permeable fault zone</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>3.3</td><td>Description of the valve mechanism</td><td>78</td></tr></table>
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>3.4</td>
      <td>Regime diagram for the state of a valve</td>
      <td>82</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.5</td>
      <td>Influence of the input flux q<sub>in</sub> on the activity of a valve</td>
      <td>82</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.6</td>
      <td>Fluid pressure interaction between neighboring valves</td>
      <td>83</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.7</td>
      <td>Activity, fluid pressure and permeability of a system with q<sub>in</sub> = 0.16</td>
      <td>85</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.8</td>
      <td>Activity, fluid pressure and permeability of a system with q<sub>in</sub> = 0.81</td>
      <td>86</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.9</td>
      <td>Influence of q<sub>in</sub> on the activity of a 29-valves, Poissonian system</td>
      <td>88</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.10</td>
      <td>Influence of q<sub>in</sub> on time-clustering in a 29-valves, Poissonian system</td>
      <td>89</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.11</td>
      <td>Migrations of events in a simulation</td>
      <td>90</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.12</td>
      <td>Large-scale valving behavior emergence</td>
      <td>91</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3.A.1</td>
      <td>Accuracy and convergence tests</td>
      <td>103</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.1</td>
      <td>Segmentation of LFE activity in Shikoku, Japan</td>
      <td>111</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.2</td>
      <td>Characterizing the temporal clustering of activity</td>
      <td>115</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.3</td>
      <td>Measuring activity clusters recurrence</td>
      <td>118</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.4</td>
      <td>Interactions in a two-valve system</td>
      <td>125</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.5</td>
      <td>Effect of valve spacing on valve-to-valve interactions</td>
      <td>126</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.6</td>
      <td>Parameterizing valve distributions</td>
      <td>129</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.7</td>
      <td>Synthetic tremor activity for three different valve systems</td>
      <td>130</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.8</td>
      <td>Parameterizing valve proximity: N<sub>v</sub><sup>int</sup></td>
      <td>132</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.9</td>
      <td>Clustering and recurrence of activity according to valve proximity N<sub>v</sub><sup>int</sup></td>
      <td>135</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.10</td>
      <td>Clustering and recurrence of activity according to input flux q<sub>in</sub></td>
      <td>138</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.11</td>
      <td>Morphoplogical structures of the subducting plate in Shikoku, Japan</td>
      <td>147</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.A.1</td>
      <td>Segmentation of tremor intermittence in Mexico</td>
      <td>150</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.A.2</td>
      <td>Segmentation of tremor intermittence in Cascadia</td>
      <td>151</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.B.1</td>
      <td>Clustering analysis: clustered activity in Shikoku</td>
      <td>153</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.B.2</td>
      <td>Clustering analysis: continuous, not clustered activity (simulated)</td>
      <td>154</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.C.1</td>
      <td>Poissonian to regular valve distributions</td>
      <td>156</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4.C.2</td>
      <td>Clustered to Poissonian valve distributions</td>
      <td>157</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
# LIST OF TABLES

<table><tr><td>2.1</td><td>Measured LFE source parameters statistics analysis values</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>3.1</td><td>Characteristic dimensions used to scale physical variables</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>3.2</td><td>Valve parameters for all simulations presented in Chapter 3</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>4.1</td><td>Valve parameters for all simulations presented in Chapter 4</td><td>121</td></tr></table>
<figure><img src="image_83.png" /></figure>