# A monograph of Afrotropical and Mediterranean Derelomus Schoenherr, 1825 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with the descriptions of 14 new species

Julien M. Haran, Laure Benoit, Mathilde Dufaÿ, Serban Procheş, Gael J. Kergoat

Kergoat

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Julien M. Haran, Laure Benoit, Mathilde Dufaÿ, Serban Procheş, Gael J. Kergoat. A monograph of Afrotropical and Mediterranean Derelomus Schoenherr, 1825 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with the descriptions of 14 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 2025, 1014, pp.1-128. 10.5852/ejt.2025.1014.3059 . hal-05286907

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Monograph

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1284C757-4C57-443E-BA9E-28738BA1168E

A monograph of Afrotropical and Mediterranean *Derelomus*
Schoenherr, 1825 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
with the descriptions of 14 new species

Julien M. HARAN <fnref n="1" />,* D <fnref n="2" />⁾, Laure BENOIT <fnref n="2" /> D <fnref n="2" />⁾, Mathilde DUFAY <fnref n="3" /> D <fnref n="2" />⁾, Șerban PROCHEȘ <fnref n="4" /> D <fnref n="2" />⁾ &
Gael J. KERGOAT <fnref n="5" /> D <fnref n="2" />⁾

**Abstract.** The species of the genus *Derelomus* Schoenherr, 1825 (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini) from the Afrotropical (excluding Madagascar) and Mediterranean regions are here revised. In total, 32 valid species are recognized, including 14 described as new: *D. acuminatus* Haran sp. nov.; *D. baka* Haran sp. nov.; *D. brevis* Haran sp. nov.; *D. brunneus* Haran sp. nov.; *D. caldarai* Haran sp. nov.; *D. crypticus* Haran sp. nov.; *D. discus* Haran sp. nov.; *D. karooensis* Haran sp. nov.; *D. peglerae* Haran sp. nov.; *D. prochesi* Haran sp. nov.; *D. setifer* Haran sp. nov.; *D. strangulatus* Haran sp. nov.; *D. strelitziae* Haran sp. nov. and *D. trinotatus* Haran sp. nov. The following new synonymies are proposed: *D. pallidus* Hartmann, 1904 and *D. hartmanni* Klima, 1934=D. pallidus Fåhraeus, 1844 syn. nov.; *D. rectirostris* Hustache, 1937=D. languidus Fåhraeus, 1844 syn. nov.; *D. subcostatus* Boheman, 1844=D. chamaeropis (Fabricius, 1798) syn. nov.; *D. kocheri* Hoffmann, 1957=D. piriformis (Hoffamnn, 1938) syn. nov.; *D. auberti* Hustache, 1932=D. ephippiger Gyllenhal, 1836 syn. nov and *Psilocaulus elatus* Richard, 1958= *Derelomus costiger* Marshall, 1958 syn. nov. Morphological examination of specimens and molecular analyses enabled recognising four main species groups: the *D. signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836 group (eight species) associated with the inflorescences of species of *Vachellia* Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae), the *D. pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 group (three species) associated with Achariaceae and Ebenaceae, the *D. nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936 group (six species) associated with *Strelitzia* (Strelitziaceae) and *Phoenix reclinata* Jacq. (Arecaceae) and the *D. ephippiger* Gyllenhal, 1836 group (12 species) associated with male inflorescences of various palms (*Chamaerops* L., *Cocos* L.,

<footnote n="1">¹,²Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3,
Ephe, IRD, Montpellier, France.</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Discipline of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</footnote>

<footnote>*Corresponding author: julien.haran@cirad.fr</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Email: Laure.Benoit@cirad.fr</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Email: mathilde.dufay@cefe.cnrs.fr</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Email: setapion@gmail.com</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵Email: gael.kergoat@inrae.fr</footnote>
*Phoenix* L.; *Arecaceae*). A key and a description or redescription are provided for each species, with illustrations of habitus of adults and male terminalia.

**Keywords.** Brood site pollination mutualism, derelomine flower weevils, new weevil species, new plant-weevil interactions.

Haran J.M., Benoit L., Dufaÿ M., Procheş S. & Kergoat G.J. 2025. A monograph of Afrotropical and Mediterranean *Derelomus* Schoenherr, 1825 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with the descriptions of 14 new species. *European Journal of Taxonomy* 1014: 1–128. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1014.3059

**Table of contents**

<table><tr><td>Introduction</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Material and methods</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Sampling</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Preparation and taxonomic treatment</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>DNA extraction and sequencing</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular datasets</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular phylogenetic analyses</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular species delimitation analyses</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Depositories</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Results</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Taxonomy</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus signatus group</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>D. signatus Gyllenhal, 1836</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>D. karooensis Haran sp. nov.</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>D. acuminatus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>D. abyssinicus Hustache, 1936</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>D. caldarai Haran sp. nov.</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>D. lindbergi Roudier, 1957</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>D. pericarti Hoffmann, 1968</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>D. schoedli Rheinheimer, 2005</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus pallidus group</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>D. pallidus Fåhraeus, 1844</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>D. setifer Haran sp. nov.</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>D. prochesi Haran sp. nov.</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus nigrovariegatus group</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>D. strelitziae Haran sp. nov.</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>D. strangulatus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>D. zonatus Marshall, 1950</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>D. brunneus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>D. ater Marshall, 1950</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>D. nigrovariegatus Hustache, 1936</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus trinotatus group</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>D. trinotatus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus fasciatus group</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>D. fasciatus Hartmann, 1904</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus languidus group</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>D. languidus Fåhraeus, 1844</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Derelomus ephippiger group</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>D. brevis Haran sp. nov.</td><td>69</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>D. antonioui Alziar, 2007</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>D. postfasciatus Hesse, 1929</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>D. chamaeropis (Fabricius, 1798)</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>D. piriformis (Hoffmann, 1938)</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>D. peglerae Haran sp. nov.</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>D. baka Haran sp. nov.</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>D. bivirgatus Marshall, 1951</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>D. crypticus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>D. costiger Marshall, 1958</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>D. discus Haran sp. nov.</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>D. ephippiger Gyllenhal, 1836</td><td>106</td></tr><tr><td>Key to species of Derelomus Schoenherr, 1925</td><td>109</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular analyses</td><td>113</td></tr><tr><td>Discussion</td><td>113</td></tr><tr><td>Acknowledgments</td><td>120</td></tr><tr><td>References</td><td>120</td></tr><tr><td>Appendix</td><td>127</td></tr></table>

## Introduction

The tribe Derelomini Lacordaire, 1866 (Curculionidae: Curculioninae) is a predominately tropical weevil lineage that is increasingly studied due to the implication of many species in brood site pollination mutualism with various plant lineages (Dufaý *et al.* 2002; Franz & Valente 2005; Franz 2007a, 2007b; Haran *et al.* 2022a). In these systems – referred to as ciophilous (Hsiao *et al.* 2023) – plants host the larvae of their specialist weevils, which in return pollinate them in their adult stage by flying between and visiting flowers in search of breeding sites (Sakai 2002; Haran *et al.* 2023a). To provide the taxonomic foundations necessary for understanding the level of host-specificity and evolutionary processes driving this type of specialised plant-insect interactions, several taxonomic works have been conducted over the last decades (Franz 2001, 2003; Franz & O’Brien 2001a, 2001b; Haran *et al.* 2020, 2022b). The concept of the tribe itself, however, remains debated, due to strong morphological convergence in habitus associated with the flower-visiting behaviour and the lack of stable morphological features to define it (Franz 2006; Caldara *et al.* 2014). Based on morphological investigations, Franz (2006) proposed a very wide concept of the tribe, including Acalyptini Thomson, 1859 and all the eastern and western hemisphere genera historically recognized in it (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999). This merged concept was not retained in Caldara *et al.* (2014), with Acalyptini and Derelomini being treated separately. Recent molecular investigations conducted at the scale of Curculioninae supported such a concept (in agreement with Kojima & Morimoto 2005) and also recovered the genera in Derelomini (sensu Caldara *et al.* 2014) forming at least four distinct lineages distributed in either of the two (eastern or western) hemispheres (Haran *et al.* 2023b: supporting information 1). In its current narrow concept (sensu Haran *et al.* 2023b; although not formally revised in this paper), the Derelomini is therefore a rather small lineage restricted to the eastern hemisphere and including at least the genera *Derelomus* Schoenherr, 1825, *Ebenacobius* Haran, 2022, *Elaeidobius* Kuschel, 1952 and *Prosoestus* Faust, 1899 (Haran *et al.* 2022b), with the formal placement of the genera *Adisius* Fairmaire, 1903, *Lomederus* Marshall, 1932 and *Psilocaulus* Fairmaire, 1901 being unresolved yet. Following the revision of several of these genera (Haran *et al.* 2020, 2022b), the present study focuses on the genus *Derelomus*, the most species-rich in the tribe.

The genus *Derelomus* was introduced by Schoenherr for *Curculio chamaeropis* Fabricius, 1798, a species distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean region (Schoenherr 1825). In his review of the species in the genus – the only one conducted to date – Schoenherr (1844) then listed ten species:
*D. avicularius* Boheman, 1844; *D. chamaeropis* (Fabricius); *D. costalis* Fåhraeus, 1844; *D. ephippiger* Gyllenhal; *D. languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844; *D. pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844; *D. plagiatus* Fåhraeus, 1844; *D. signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836; *D. subcostatus* Boheman, 1844 and *D. suturalis* Boheman, 1844. After this work, a number of species from the Neo- and Paleotropics were described (Hartmann 1904; Marshall 1928, 1935, 1950, 1958; Hesse 1929; Voss 1932; Hustache, 1932, 1933, 1936, 1937, 1939; Hoffmann 1938a, 1968; Bondar 1941; Roudier 1957; Morimoto 1959; Rheinheimer 2005; Alziar 2007; not an exhaustive list) within a context of a poor definition of the genus boundaries. All species from the Neotropics were later transferred to distinct genera (*Andranthobius* Kuschel, 1952; *Diplothemiobius* Kuschel, 1952, *Phyllotrox* Schoenherr, 1843 and *Pygoceletes* Kuschel, 1955). More recently, several paleotropical species formerly placed in *Derelomus* were transferred to the genera *Elaeidobius* Kuschel, 1952 (Haran *et al.* 2020) and *Ebenacobius* Haran, 2022. In addition, the genus *Neoderelomus* Hoffmann, 1938 (replacement name for *Pseudoderelomus* Hoffmann, 1938 – preoccupied) was set in synonymy with *Derelomus* Schoenherr (Franz 2006). Finally, a fossil from Dominican amber, *Derelomus thalioculus* Poinar & Legalov, 2015, was also described in this genus (Poinar & Legalov 2015). As a result of these descriptions and nomenclatural changes, the genus *Derelomus* in its current concept is restricted to the eastern hemisphere (except for *Derelomus thalioculus*) and contains about 37 species names, mostly distributed in the Afrotropical region.

*Derelomus* species have been generally reported as predominantly associated with the inflorescences of palms (Arecaceae; Lepesme 1947; Anstett 1999; Piry & Gompel 2002; Franz & Valente 2005; Alziar 2007), although the exact hosts of the majority of species are unknown. The species *Derelomus chamaeropis* and its specialised pollination interaction with *Chamaerops humilis* L. has been best studied (Anstett 1999; Dufaÿ *et al.* 2004). There is some evidence that several species in the genus secondarily shifted to other monocots (Strelitziaceae) but also dicots (Anacardiaceae, Ebenaceae, Fabaceae) (Haran *et al.* 2022a). A description of larvae is available for *D. piriformis* Hoffmann, 1938 (Piry & Gompel 2002).

Except for a few species from southern Europe, species identification is currently impossible without examination of the type material (Colonnelli 2014): 1) the genus has never been revised, 2) most species lack accurate description and diagnosis from closely related species, often forming species complexes (as in *Elaeidobius*; Haran *et al.* 2021) and 3) species can show a significant level of intraspecific variability regarding elytral pattern or sculpture (Alziar 2007). In addition, species can be easily transported out of their native range with the trade of their host plants (Piry & Gompel 2002), but not detected as such, leading to confusion in a number of reference collections. In this study, the species from the Afrotropical and Mediterranean regions are revised. All previously described species from these regions are redescribed, new species are described and an update on life history and distribution data available is provided. Molecular analyses are also carried out on a multimarker molecular dataset encompassing more than 80 specimens of *Derelomus* with the aim of reconstructing their evolutionary history and assessing species boundaries through molecular species delimitation analyses.

# Material and methods

## Sampling

Type specimens, identified and unidentified material of *Derelomus* were borrowed from museums and private collections (see section Abbreviations of repositories below). Specimen sampling was expanded with fresh material collected during field trips in various African and European countries. Adults were collected by beating inflorescences of palms (Arecaceae) and larvae were searched in flowers or tissues of inflorescences. Inflorescences of other plant lineages were also investigated because adults can visit non-host flowers but also because ancient host-shifts on non-palm plants have been inferred in *Derelomini* in general (Haran *et al.* 2022b). Mercury vapour or LED-based (LepiLED) UVs light traps set on the
ground or over the canopy were also opportunistically used to sample species active at night. After
collection, specimens were transferred to 96% ethanol and stored at room temperature. This study covers
species from the Afrotropical and Mediterranean regions, including the Arabian Peninsula, the Canarian
and Cabo Verde archipelagos, the Comoros, Mayotte and Réunion islands, but excluding Madagascar, the
latter hosting a divergent and not fully described fauna (Hustache 1933), that will be treated in a future
study. In total, about 1150 specimens from the study area were examined.

Preparation and taxonomic treatment

Abdomens of adults were dissected and digested in KOH to obtain clean preparations of genital
structures, which are informative to distinguish between species among Derelomini (Haran *et al.* 2022b).
The elytro-tergal stridulation system in *Derelomus* is of type II (tergite VII with rows of granules in
males; Lyal & King 1996), it forms a stridulatory plate on which the sculpture and arrangement of
granules can be used as diagnostic features for some species. The length of lines of granules refers to
the length between the most basal and the most apical granule (Fig. 1E). The parameral lobes of male
terminalia and the female terminalia (spermatheca and apodeme) are either hardly accessible and fragile
or not informative between most species and were thus not used in this study. Habitus and genitalia
were photographed using a Keyence® VHX5000 imaging system. Measurements were taken with an
optical micrometre and follow Haran *et al.* (2022a). Body length refers to the distance from the apical
margin of the head (excluding the rostrum) to the apex of the elytra (Fig. 1A). Rostrum length refers to
the distance between the apical margin of the eyes and the apex of mandibles in lateral and dorsal views
(Fig. 1B). Rostrum length in dorsal view was measured with a proper orientation, i.e., in a horizontal
position under the microscope. The ratio of width to length (W:L ratio) was measured at the widest
point of the pronotum, the elytra and the penis (Fig. 1D). The length of the elytra was measured between
the anterior part of the scutellar shield and the apex of the elytra (Fig. 1A). The interstriae are counted
from the elytral suture and include the sutural interstriae. The diameter of punctures of elytral striae is
measured based on the sculpture of the surface of the integument and does not refer to the darker disc
around each puncture that sometimes appears by translucency in *Derelomus*. Many species in this genus
are distinctly dimorphic, with the males exhibiting comparatively wide elytra, with the 5th interstriae
costate and 9th interstriae enlarged and expanding over the 10th, the latter being invisible laterally. These
features are, however, very variable at the intraspecific level and males with these features often coexist
with minor males lacking specific elytral structure. Elytral sculpture in males was therefore not used for
species diagnosis. The length of the penis was measured between the base of the penis body (apodemes
excluded) and the apex (Fig. 1D). The terminology used follows Lyal (2020).

Derelomini are taxonomically challenging (Franz 2006), and species in the genus *Derelomus* in
particular exhibit very converging phenotypes whereas color patterns are often too variable to be used
as a diagnostic feature (Alziar 2007). This revisionary work is based on an exhaustive examination of
type material (all types seen or lost) and the complementary use of molecular data when fresh specimens
were available (see section below) in order to stabilise species concepts. The type material of species
from Asia (*D. bicarinatus* Marshall, 1928; *D. cervicalis* Marshall, 1928; *D. impressicollis* Voss, 1937;
*D. nigriceps* Voss, 1953; *D. productus* Marshall, 1935; *D. testaceus* Voss, 1932; *D. uenoi* Morimoto,
1959) and Madagascar (*D. alpinus* Hustache, 1933; *D. costipennis* Hustache, 1933; *D. madagascariensis*
Hustache, 1933; *D. sulcifrons* Hustache, 1933; *D. suturalis* Hustache, 1939; *D. uniformis* Hustache,
1933) were also verified to search for potential synonyms arising from widely distributed species. The
original descriptions of *Derelomus* species are often superficial, not informative for such a complex group
or only based on female specimens that lack useful diagnostic characters. A standardised redescription is
provided for each species, with a specific focus on informative morphological features between species,
as well as a brief discussion on species variability when relevant. A formal redescription of the genus is
not provided, as it would require the examination of species from Asia and Madagascar. Label data of
name-bearing types are reported verbatim, with consecutive lines separated by a semicolon and data from
a single label enclosed by double quotation marks. Additional information and interpretations appear between square brackets. The format of the label data of other specimens is standardised. The names of all new species introduced in this article are attributed to the first author (JMH), following Article 50.1 and Recommendation 50A of the Code (ICZN 1999).

It should be noted that a revision of eastern hemisphere Derelomini, including the genus *Derelomus*, was started more than a decade ago by the late Guillermo Kuschel (see postscript in Haran *et al.* 2020). Guillermo Kuschel borrowed many types, undertook dissections, started descriptions of new species and labelled specimens housed in several institutions. Unfortunately, he passed away before he could complete this work. Consequently, for several specimens, the dissected terminalia could not be located and many specimens were labelled in museum collections with preliminary in litteris names but without a corresponding description. In addition, based on a preliminary manuscript kindly transmitted by colleagues at NZAC (Rich Leschen and Samuel Brown), G. Kuschel planned to split the genus *Derelomus* into several new genera, based on the appendiculate condition of the claws. These splits are not supported based on the preliminary phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus (Haran *et al.* 2022a), and this feature obviously appeared independently in several lineages. The proposed names are therefore not relevant, and all preliminary labels made by Kuschel for *Derelomus* from the eastern hemisphere have not been taken into account (all labels replaced) in order to avoid the introduction of invalid in litteris names.

## DNA extraction and sequencing

For this study, 44 specimens (9 species of *Derelomus*) were newly sequenced for the standard DNA barcode region (mitochondrial cytochrome *c* oxidase subunit I: COI, Hebert *et al.* 2003). DNA was extracted from a leg, using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). PCR amplification was carried out using a mix of primers for amplification of COI (see primer details in Haran *et al.* 2022a). PCR reactions were carried out in a Mastercycler® Nexus (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) in a final volume of 10 µL containing 5 µl of Multiplex PCR Master Mix (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), 2 µM of each primer and 2 µl of DNA template. The PCR conditions were as follows: initial DNA denaturation at 94°C for 15 minutes, followed by 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 1 min at 52°C and 1 min at 72°C, with a final extension of 15 min at 72°C. The PCR products were paired-end sequenced by Eurofins Genomics (http://www.eurofinsgenomics.eu). All voucher specimens were mounted, dried and deposited at CBGP, Montpellier, France, in the CIRAD collection (https://doi.org/10.15454/D6XAKL) or in the institutions listed in sections Material examined for each species. Mesquite ver. 3.81 (Maddison & Maddison 2023) was used to check the coding frame for possible errors or stop codons. Uncorrected *p*-distance values of pairwise genetic distances between species were computed with Mega ver. 7 (Kumar *et al.* 2016). GenBank accessions of newly generated sequences are provided in the Appendix.

## Molecular datasets

For the molecular phylogenetic analyses focusing on the evolutionary relationships of the genus *Derelomus*, we relied on a subset of the molecular dataset from Haran *et al.* (2022a), encompassing the following five gene fragments: a 658 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene, a 707 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome *c* oxidase subunit II (COII) gene, a 1051 bp region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (16S) gene, a 517 bp region of the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1a) gene and a 757 bp region of the nuclear arginine kinase (AK) gene. All mitochondrial and nuclear sequences were aligned using MAFFT ver. 7 (Katoh & Standley 2013) with default option settings and a gap opening penalty of 5.0, and further visually checked using Mesquite. Forty-two *Derelomus* specimens were extracted from this dataset along with the following derelomine species: *Andranthobius bondari* (Hustache, 1940), *Ebenacobius thoracicus* Haran, 2022, *Elaeidobius bilineatus* (Hustache, 1924), *Notolomus* cf. *basalis* and *Prosoestus minor* Marshall, 1935. This dataset was combined with the 44 newly generated COI sequences and with two sequences of *D. chamaeropis* available in GenBank
(accession numbers KC783895 and MK891322). The combination of all gene fragments resulted in a combined matrix of 90 specimens and 3,690 aligned characters. A supplementary molecular dataset grouping all *Derelomus* COI sequences (n=75) was also further generated with Mesquite.

## Molecular phylogenetic analyses

The phylogenetic analyses were carried out under maximum likelihood (ML) using IQ-TREE ver. 2.2.2.7 (Minh *et al.* 2020). The concatenated dataset was split into 13 partitions a priori, with three partitions (one per codon position) defined for each coding gene fragment (COI, COII, EF1a and AK) and one partition defined for the non-coding gene fragment (16S) while the COI dataset was split into three partitions (one per codon position). The Bayesian Information Criterion implemented in IQ-TREE through ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy *et al.* 2017) was used to select best-fit substitution models and partition schemes.

For both datasets ML trees were obtained using heuristic searches with the following settings: parsimony-starting tree, hill-climbing nearest neighbor interchange (NNI) search (**-allnni** option), partition-resampling strategy (**--sampling GENE** option), best partition scheme allowing the merging of partitions (**-m MFP+MERGE** option) and a perturbation strength of 0.2 (**-pers 0.2**). Clade support for all analyses was assessed using 1,000 replicates for both SH-like approximate likelihood ratio tests (SH-aLRT; Guindon *et al.* 2010) and ultrafast bootstraps (uBV; Minh *et al.* 2013). According to the authors' recommendations, nodes with SH-aLRT values >80% and uBV values ≥ 95% were considered highly supported.

## Molecular species delimitation analyses

To better assess the reliability and repeatability of the proposed species delineations, four distinct molecular species delimitation (SD) approaches were implemented on the COI dataset.

First, two distance-based methods were used: the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) model of Puillandre *et al.* (2012) and the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) model of Puillandre *et al.* (2021). ABGD analyses were performed on a dedicated web-server, using a relative gap width of 1.0, a standard Kimura 2-parameter model (K80) and both initial ('ABGDi') and recursive ('ABGDr') partitioning strategies (Puillandre *et al.* 2012). ASAP analyses were carried out on a dedicated web-server, using default settings and a K80 model (Puillandre *et al.* 2021). Although the ASAP approach is similar to ABGD, it includes a specific scoring system to identify the best-fitting set of putative species.

Second, two tree-based SD methods were carried out: the tree-based Poisson-tree-process (PTP) approach of Zhang *et al.* (2013) and the General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model of Pons *et al.* (2006). Those SD methods were applied on the best-scoring ML COI tree. Analyses were carried out with default settings on a dedicated web-server (https://species.h-its.org/). For the PTP model, both the Bayesian implementation ('bPTP') and ML implementation ('PTP(ML)') of the model were used. For the GMYC model, both the default single threshold approach ('GMYCs') of Pons *et al.* (2006) and the more parameter-rich approach ('GMYCm') of Monaghan *et al.* (2009), which allows the use of multiple thresholds to account for the potential heterogeneity of evolutionary rates among lineages, were implemented. As input GMYC approaches require ultrametric trees (where all tips are equidistant from the root), which were generated using treePL (Smith & O'Meara 2012) with a smoothing value of 100 and a root age set to 23.3 million years ago (corresponding to the median age of the MRCA of *Derelomus* inferred by Haran *et al.* 2022a).
## Depositories

* ANIC = Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia

* CBGP = Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France

* CMNC = Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada

* DM = Dominique Menet private collection, Longlaville, France

* EL = Emmanuel Lemagnen private collection, Sainte-Marie, Reunion Island

* MCZR = Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, Italy

* MNHN = Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France

* MTD = Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany

* MZH = Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland

* NHMUK = Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

* NHRS = Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

* NMB = Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland

* NZAC = New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand

* PW = Patrick Weill private collection, Pau, France

* RB = Roman Borovec private collection, Sloupno, Czech Republic

* RMCA = Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgium

* SAMC = Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

* SANC = South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa

* TMSA = Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa

* USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA

* ZFMK = Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany

* ZMK = Zoological Museum of Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

## Results

### Taxonomy

Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758

Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758

Superfamily Curculionoidea Latreille, 1802

Family Curculionidae Latreille, 1802

Subfamily Curculioninae Latreille, 1802

Tribe Derelomini Lacordaire, 1866

Genus *Derelomus* Schoenherr, 1825

### *Derelomus signatus* group

Species in this group exhibit a more or less dense cover of white scales on the lateral carina of pronotum (Fig. 1C). Their body is slender, the pronotum at most slightly wider than long (W:L ratio generally <1.30). The body of the penis is generally comparatively very long and apodemes very short (but see *D. caldarai* sp. nov. and *D. karooensis* sp. nov.). Eight species are recognized in this group, they are predominantly distributed in eastern and southern Africa, but one species extends to the Arabian Peninsula (*D. schoedli*) and one is found in North Cameroon, Cape Verde archipelago, Burkina Faso and Senegal (*D. lindbergi*). All species were collected on inflorescences of *Mimosa* L. and *Vachellia* Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae), which probably constitutes the host for larvae. This species group is likely more diverse than what is reported below. Several unique female specimens clearly belonging to new species were found in collections, but not described due to the lack of male or DNA grade material.
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 1.** Details of morphology and measurements of *Derelomus* Schoenherr, 1825. A. *Derelomus costiger* Marshall, 1958 in dorsal view, with the white arrows showing the measurements of width (w) and length (L) for the prothorax (top) and elytra (bottom). B. Same species in lateral view, with the white arrows showing where the length of the rostrum and prothorax were measured. C. Pronotum of *Derelomus acuminatus* sp. nov. with the white arrow showing the line of scales concealing the lateral carina. D. Penis in dorsal view of *Derelomus costiger* showing where measurements are made for the body of the penis (white arrow: width; top left black arrow: length) and the length of apodemes (bottom left black arrow). E. Stridulatory plate (tergite VII) of male of *Derelomus acuminatus*, showing the line of granules (gn.), the base of the central sclerotized area (bs.) and how its length is measured (li.). F. Tarsal claws showing the simple condition (left=*Derelomus bivirgatus* Marshall, 1951) and the claws appendiculate internally (right=*Derelomus schoedli* Rheinheimer, 2005). Figures not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
*Derelomus signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836

Fig. 2

*Derelomus signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836: 630.

*Derelomus signatus* – Haran *et al.* 2022a (erroneous identification, see *D. schoedli*).

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus signatus* can be distinguished by the combination of white scales on the lateral carina of the pronotum, the narrow pronotum (W:L ratio: 1.25), two transverse bands or lines of dark spots on the elytra and black club. It is closest to *D. abyssinicus*, but in the latter species the rostrum is almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 5B–C) and the elytra only exhibit one transverse dark band (Fig. 5A).

**Material examined**

**Neotype (here designated)**

ZAMBIA • ♂; “Zambia 1050m; Lukulu, Barotse Floodplain; S14°12′42″; E23°19′06″” “9.xi.13 Light trap; Leg. Smith, R., Takano, H.; & Oram, D.” “BMNH(E); 2016-251” “NHMUK 010804484” “NEOTYPE; *Derelomus signatus*; Gyllenhal, 1836; Haran des. 2025”; NHMUK.

**Other material**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **KwaZulu-Natal Province** • 2 ♀♀; Gingindlovu; 29°1′8″ S, 31°35′14″ E; 22 May 1922; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Gingindlovu; 29°1′8″ S, 31°35′14″ E; 29 Apr. 1926; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Gingindlovu; 29°1′8″ S, 31°35′14″ E; 9 Jun. 1926; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Pondolandia Nature Reserve; 31°20′31″ S, 29°15′32″ E; 5–30 Apr. 1923; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; Malvern; 29°53′06″ S, 30°54′48″ E; Aug. 1897; G.A.K. Marshall coll.; NHMUK. – **Eastern Cape Province** • 1 ♀; Dwesa forest reserve; 32°18′15″ S, 28°49′34″ E; 11 Dec. 1979; Endrödy-Younga coll.; flowering *Acacia* [*Vachellia*] Mill.; E-Y: 1674; TMSA • 2 ♀♀; Somerset East [Kwanojoli]; 32°42′57″ S, 25°34′16″ E; 10–22 Dec. 1930; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; Katberg; 32°29′31″ S, 26°40′45″ E; 1–15 Jan. 1933; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK.

ETHIOPIA • 1 ♀; Mulu, above Muger Valley; 9°17′06″ N, 40°50′28″ E; 18–23 Nov. 1926; H. Scott coll.; circa 8000 ft; NHMUK.

KENYA • 2 ♀♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 26 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia seyal* (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter; NHMUK • 1 ♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 22 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia hockii* (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger; NHMUK.

**Redescription (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.5 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, head and pronotum darker, club black, elytra with two transverse oblique lines of dark spots on even interstriae; vestiture of dorsum made of white setiform scales, forming one row on each interstria, more visible on odd interstriae.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 3 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, with 5 carinae, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with contiguous suberect whitish scales forming two tufts near eyes; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 3–7 transverse.
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 2.** Habitus of *Derelomus signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836. **A–B, D–E.** Neotype, ♂ (Zambia) (NHMUK 010804484). **C.** ♀ (Republic of South Africa) (NHMUK). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.25), widest near base, 0.77× as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina forming obtuse angle beyond middle of length; sides abruptly converging in apical 1/5, apical constriction deep and visible; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures dull, narrower than or as wide as diameter of punctures; setae recumbent, cover less dense near basal and apical margins and along median line.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce setiform scales.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.62); sides subparallel in basal 2/3, widest near middle of length; humeri raised, with tuft of white setiform scale; apex jointly rounded, notched at apex of suture; striae with punctures narrower than interstriae; odd interstriae raised; scutellar shield rounded, black, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 6 granules, 0.8× as long as median line from base; central sclerotized area regularly rounded laterally.

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws appendiculate.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.17); sides straight in dorsal view, widest at base, converging regularly apicad from apical 1/5 of length, apex forming a spatula; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex; apex curved upward; apodemes very short, less than 0.2× the length of penis body (Fig. 2D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer and more downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 2C), and by their more convex elytra.

## Variation

Scale cover and patterns on the elytra are variable in this species. In some specimens, the vestiture of the pronotum and elytra is very short and hardly visible. The dark apical band on the elytra may consist of a wide transverse band, only interrupted on the suture or only two dots on interstriae 4 and 7. All specimens examined show two transverse bands on each elytron, the one near the middle of the length, sometimes pale ocher, poorly contrasting with the rest of the integument. The condition of the appendiculate claws is seemingly variable in this species, this feature was not used for the diagnosis of this species.

## Life history

Specimens were collected on *Vachellia hockii*, *V. seyal* and *Vachellia* sp. (Fabaceae) and using light traps.
Adults were recorded from March to June and from November to December.

## Distribution

Ethiopia, Kenya, Republic of South Africa (Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces) and Zambia.

## Remarks

Despite intensive searches, we could not locate the type of *Derelomus signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836. It is absent from Schoenherr's and Chevrolat's collections housed at NHRS, while a label bearing this species name at the bottom of the boxes indicates that a specimen used to be located there. We also searched among the material borrowed by the late G. Kuschel from various institutions, without success. In addition, in a preliminary manuscript left by him, G. Kuschel stated that he did not examine the type of this species, suggesting that the specimen was unavailable when he undertook his work on this genus.
(circa 2007). The original type is therefore considered as lost. In order to stabilise the nomenclature, and given the homogeneity of the *D. signatus* species group, a neotype is here designated (ICZN art. 75). The original description given by Gyllenhal provides diagnostic features: "[...] *rostrum capite dimidio longius, validum, valde arctuatum* [rostrum 1.5 × as long as head, stocky and strongly downcurved]. [...] *Antennae testaceae, clava nigra* [antennae reddish brown, club black]. [...] *sutura interstitiisque alternis paulo elevatioribus, laevibus*; [...] *lineolis nonnullis brevibus, sparsis, brunneis, notata* [odd and sutural interstriae slightly raised, smooth; with few scattered brown spots]." In southern Africa where this species was described, these features apply only to one *Derelomus* morphospecies for which one male from Zambia and 16 females from Southern and Eastern Africa are available in the material examined. The male specimen of this series is designed as the neotype for the species name *Derelomus signatus* Gyllenhal, 1836 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly [deposited at NHMUK]. A redescription of this species is provided to report the diagnostic features with closely related species. Due to misidentifications in reference collections, the specimen included in Haran *et al.* (2022b) under the name *D. signatus* (JHAR01036) is in fact *D. schoedli* Rheinheimer, 2005.

*Derelomus karooensis* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B88668D9-2A4C-49DD-9A26-C4B2B5C39AC2

Fig. 3

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus karooensis* sp. nov. can be distinguished by the combination of white scales on the lateral carina of the pronotum, the distinctly transverse pronotum (W:L ratio: 1.33), two transverse bands or lines of dark spots on the elytra, a black club, and the comparatively short body of the penis (Fig. 3D). It is closest to *D. acuminatus* sp. nov., see key of species for diagnostic features. GenBank accession number for the corresponding DNA barcode: ON553427.

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the area of origin of most of the studied specimens, the Karoo region in the Republic of South Africa.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; "Rep. of South Africa; WC. Pr. [Western Cape province], Groenfontein; Guest Farm, 16.i.2019; J. Haran coll." "JHAR02095-01; -33.448 21.793 [33°26'52.8" S, 21°47'34.8" E]; Light trap; Collection - Cirad" "HOLOTYPE ♂; *Derelomus karooensis*; Haran, 2025"; SAMC.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 4 ♀♀; LittleKaroo, Raubenheimer dam; 33°24'57" S, 22°18'58" E; 30 Oct. 1993; Endrödy-Younga coll.; beating *Acacia* [*Vachellia*]; E-Y:2922; TMSA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CBGP • 1 ♀; Mossel Bay; 34°12'04" S, 22°05'57" E; Jan. 1922; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK. – **Eastern Cape Province** • 2 ♀♀; Baviaanskloof, near Patensie; 33°38'00" S, 24°28'59" E; 23 Nov. 1983; R. Oberprieler coll.; SANC • 1 ♀; Dunbrody; 33°28'12" S, 25°32'46" E; 19 Sep. 1900; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Dunbrody; 33°28'12" S, 25°32'46" E; 20 Dec. 1900; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Uitenhage; 33°45'36" S, 25°21'30" E; Oct. 1998; J. Onui (?); on *Mimosa* L.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; between Somerset East and Swaarshoek; 32°34'59" S, 25°26'00" E; 6 Feb. 1990; V.M. Uys coll.; SANC • 1 ♀; Somerset East; 32°43'48" S, 25°35'10" E; 1–26 Jan. 1931; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK.
**Description (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.5 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, club black, elytra with two transverse oblique dark bands forming an “X” near middle of length; vestiture of dorsum made of minute white setae, integument glabrous in appearance.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, downcurved near base, almost straight in apical 2/3; in dorsal view 2.5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, with 4 carinae, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical 1/4 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with suberect whitish scales forming two tufts near eyes oriented toward centre of forehead; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2 isodiametric, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.33), widest near apical 1/3, 0.77 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina forming an obtuse angle at apical 1/3 of length; sides abruptly converging in apical 1/4, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures dull, narrower than or as wide as diameter of punctures; cover denser along lateral carinae.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce setiform scales.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.68); sides convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, black, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous.

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.37), 1.2 × as long as apodemes; sides subparallel in dorsal view, widest at base, converging regularly apicad from apical 1/4 of length, apex forming spatula; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex; apex curved upward (Fig. 3D).

**Sexual dimorphism**

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer and more downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 3C).

**Life history**

Adults were recorded on various species *Vachellia* (Fabaceae). The holotype was collected in the vicinity of blooming *Vachellia karroo* (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso. Adults were collected from October to February, they are attracted by light traps.

**Distribution**

Endemic to the Republic of South Africa, where it seems to be restricted to the Eastern and Western Cape provinces. Its putative host plant is widely distributed in Southern Africa.
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 3.** Habitus of *Derelomus karooensis* Haran sp. nov. **A–B, D.** Holotype, ♂ (Groenfontein, Republic of South Africa) (SAMC). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (Raubenheimer dam, Republic of South Africa, E-Y: 2922; TMSA). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
**Remarks**

The stridulatory plate of the unique male specimen available was damaged and could not be used in the description.

*Derelomus acuminatus* Haran sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2D084BF-7C2A-4B2A-A26B-0AEEBE07D843

Fig. 4

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus acuminatus* can be distinguished by the combination of acuminate elytra, two transverse bands or lines of dark spots on the elytra and a distinctly downcurved rostrum in lateral view (Fig. 4B–C).

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the acuminate shape of the elytra in this *Derelomus*, a unique feature in this genus.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

KENYA • ♂; “KENYA; Naivasha [0°43′26.0″ S 36°25′14.8″ E]; 14.ix.1986” “Sp. 9.A; fm. Flwhds [female flowerheads]; of *Acacia* [*Vachellia*]” “*xanthoph*– *loea*; CIE A1 8553” “Pres by; Comm Inst Ent; B.M.; 1987-1” “HOLOTYPE ♂; *Derelomus acuminatus*; Haran, 2025”; NHMUK.

**Paratypes**

ETHIOPIA • 1 ♀; Mulu, above Muger Valley; 9°17′06″ N, 40°50′28″ E; 18–23 Nov. 1926; H. Scott coll.; circa 8.000 ft; NHMUK.

KENYA • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Naivasha; 0°42′53″ N, 36°25′23″ E; 14 Sep. 1986; Comm Inst Ent coll.; on female flowerheads of *Vachellia xanthophloea* (Benth.) Banfi & Galasso; CIE A1 8553; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CBGP.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 1 ♀; Cape Town; 33°57′00″ S, 18°34′41″ E; 1915 [?]; Péringey coll.; SAM-COL-A050323; SAMC.

**Description (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.6–2.8 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown, club black, elytra with two transverse oblique lines, more or less contrasting dark bands, basal one extending from humeral angle to middle of suture, the apical one from the level of metafemora to apical ⅔ of suture, interrupted on suture, in some individuals apical band covering entire sides of apical ½ of elytra; vestiture of dorsum made of minute, recumbent white setae, forming one row per interstria.

HEAD. Rostrum slightly longer than in lateral view, more downcurved near base; in dorsal view 4 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with minute whitish scales oriented toward centre of forehead; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2 slightly longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 4.** Habitus of *Derelomus acuminatus* Haran sp. nov. **A–B, D–E.** Holotype, ♂ (Kenya) (NHMUK). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (same locality) (CBGP). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
**PRONOTUM.** Isodiametric (W:L ratio: 1), widest near apical 1/3, 0.7× as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina forming an obtuse angle at apical 1/3 of length; sides abruptly converging in apical 1/3, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures micro reticulate, shiny, narrower or wider than diameter of punctures, each puncture with tiny whitish seta, lateral carina covered by dense strip of whitish, setiform scales.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with minute seta, glabrous in appearance.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.63); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex acuminate separately; striae with punctures as wide as or narrower than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, interstriae 5 raised at apical 3/4 of length; scutellar shield rounded, dark brown, integument glabrous, shiny.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 6 granules, 4/5 × as long as median line from base; central sclerotized area elongate, rounded at apex.

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis very elongate (W:L ratio: 0.13), about 10× as long as apodemes, apodemes very short hidden by body of penis in lateral view; sides subparallel in dorsal view, widest near base, converging in apical 1/5 of length, apex forming spatula; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing regularly from apical 1/3 of length to apex; apex curved upward (Fig. 4D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer and more downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 4C).

## Life history

This species was collected on female inflorescences of *Vachellia xanthophloea*. Adults were collected in September and October.

## Distribution

Ethiopia, Kenya and the Republic of South Africa. The putative host plant is not native to the Republic of South Africa and *D. acuminatus* sp. nov. has probably been introduced there with this ornamental tree.

*Derelomus abyssinicus* Hustache, 1936
Fig. 5

*Derelomus abyssinicus* Hustache, 1936: 486.

## Diagnosis

*Derelomus abyssinicus* can be distinguished by the combination of simple claws, a single transverse dark band on the elytra (rarely two, in 2% of specimens examined) and the lateral carina on the pronotum covered with whitish scales. Within the *D. signatus* group, this shows the straightest rostrum in lateral view (Fig. 5B–C).
**Material examined**

**Lectotype** (here designated)

ETHIOPIA • ♂; "TYPE[red label]" "Abyssinia; Doukham [Dukem, 8°48'48" N 38°54'48" E]; 6,500 to 7000 ft.; 18.x.1926; Dr. H. Scott." "From flowers; of Mimosa" "*Derelomus*; *abyssinicus*; m.[me]; Hustache det." "Lectotype ♂; *Derelomus abyssinicus*; Hustache, 1936; Haran 2025"; NHMUK.

**Paralectotypes**

ETHIOPIA • 5 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Dukem; 8°48'48" N, 38°54'48" E; 18 Oct. 1926; H. Scott leg.; flowers of *Mimosa*; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CBGP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Mulu, above Muger Valley; 9°17'06" N, 40°50'28" E; 18–23 Nov. 1926; H. Scott coll.; circa 8000 ft; NHMUK.

**Other material**

KENYA • 1 ♀; Chyulu Hills; 2°32'46" S, 37°50'31" E; Jun. 1938; alt. 5600 ft.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Nairobi; 1°20'02" S, 36°47'34" E; Jan. 1938; A.F.J. Gedye coll.; NHMUK • 4 ♂, 1 ♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 22 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia hockii*; NHMUK • 1 ♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 26 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia seyal*; NHMUK • 1 ♀; 10 km from Rumuruti; 0°16'19" N, 36°29'42" E; 12 Apr. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on flowers of *Vachellia hockii*; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Marich Pass; 1°31'38" N, 35°25'45" E; 29 Dec. 1986; *Vachellia nilotica* ssp. *indica* (= *Vachellia nilotica* (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.)); NHMUK • 1 ♂; Sultan Hamud, Emali Range; 2°01'08" S, 37°22'19" E; Mar. 1940; NHMUK.

RWANDA • 1 ♂; Southern Province, Huye District, Kinazi; 2°24'43" S, 29°47'10" E; 5–8 Jan. 1953; P. Basilewsky coll.; 1600 m a.s.l.; RMCA.

TANZANIA • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ukerewe Island; 2°02'36" S, 33°00'18" E; P.A. Conrade coll.; NHMUK.

UGANDA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Kibalinga area; 0°30'47" N, 31°17'13" E; Jan. 1909; Ch. Alluaud coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Uganda central; 0°22'36.6" N, 32°22'36.2" E; Jan. 1909; C. Alluaud coll.; MNHN.

**Redescription (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.5–3.0 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, elytra with curved transverse dark bands from level of metafemora to middle of length of suture; vestiture of dorsum made of minute white setae.

**HEAD.** Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view, slightly downcurved; in dorsal view 4× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted at apical 1/3 of length; head capsule densely punctate in dorsal view, with suberect whitish scales a bit more condensed near eyes; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5× as long as wide, slightly longer than segments 2–3 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Moderately wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.18), widest near base, 0.75 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina almost straight, converging apicad; apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures dull, narrower than diameter of punctures; each puncture bearing distinct whitish seta in centre, setiform scales more densely condensed along lateral carinae.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce, non-contiguous scales.
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 5.** Habitus of *Derelomus abyssinicus* Hustache, 1936. **A–B, D–E.** Paralectotype, ♂ (Ethiopia) (CBGP). **C.** Paralectotype, ♀ (same locality) (CBGP). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
*ELYTRA*. Elongate (W : L ratio: 0.60); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex non-joined; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, odd interstriae a bit more raised; scutellar shield rounded, dark brown, glabrous.

*ABDOMEN*. Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 5-6 granules, as long as median line; central sclerotized area short, rounded at apex.

*LEGS*. Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws simple.

*TERMINALIA*. Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.20), about 10 × as long as apodemes; sides widest near apex widening from base to apex in dorsal view, apex acuminate; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length, width widening regularly from base to apex; apex acute, slightly curved upward (Fig. 5D).

**Sexual dimorphism**

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is distinctly longer than pronotum in lateral view (Fig. 5C).

**Life history**

Adults were collected on *Vachellia hockii*, *V. seyal* and unidentified species of *Vachellia*. Adults were collected almost all year round (January, March, April, June, October, November and December).

**Distribution**

Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

**Remarks**

In the collection housed at NHMUK, eight specimens corresponding in all respects to the material listed in the original description of *D. abyssinicus* (Abyssinia, Doukham, 1926) were located. As no specific specimen was designed in the description as holotype, the male specimen bearing a red type label was designated as the lectotype for this species [here designated] and was rellabeled accordingly. The other specimens from the series were labelled as paralectotypes. This species in its current concept shows a significant degree of variability, with males from Rwanda (Kinazi) and Uganda (Kibalinga area) exhibiting a much shorter rostrum and more robust antennae than the lectotype. In the original description, Hustache also reported a color and size variation in specimens from Mulu compared to those from Duken (Ethiopia). After examination of the series, especially the male genitalia and stridulatory plate, no stable and significant differences were observed and all the specimens are therefore left under the name *D. abyssinicus* pending further investigation. A single female specimen from Mulu with a very divergent phenotype (different color pattern, rostrum strongly downcurved) was excluded from the paralectotype series and labelled as *Derelomus* sp. (NHMUK).

*Derelomus caldarai* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B2FDFDC-C00B-4A2D-ABC0-7A056989F4E0

Fig. 6

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus caldarai* sp. nov. can be distinguished by the combination of elytra with a single transverse band, the presence of scales on the lateral carina of the pronotum, appendiculate claws and a comparatively short penis with a broadly rounded apex not forming a spatula (Fig. 6D). This species
is closely related to *D. schoedli*, but in the latter species, the apex of the penis forms a distinct spatula, strongly bisinuate in lateral view (Fig. 9D). The two species show a genetic distance of 7.6% for the standard barcode fragment (South African versus Ethiopian specimens, JHAR05867 and JHAR01036 respectively). No robust feature enabling separation of the females of the two species was identified in the course of this study. GenBank accession number for the corresponding DNA barcode: PV698444.

**Etymology**

This species is dedicated to our colleague Roberto Caldara for his significant contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of many genera in true weevils (Curculioninae).

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

TANZANIA • ♂; “Momella, Mt Meru; Tanganjika; E Haaf, XII.1959” “♂” “Holotype ♂; *Derelomus caldarai*; Haran 2025”; TMSA.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 1 ♀; Stellenbosch; 33°57′54″ S, 18°52′34″ E; 15 Aug. 2023; J. Haran coll.; Beating inflorescences of *Searsia* (Anacardiaceae) by night; JHAR05867; CBGP.

TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Momella, Mt Meru; 3°14′20″ S, 36°46′01″ E; Dec. 1959; E. Haaf coll.; TMSA.

**Description (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.1 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, club, head and pronotum slightly darker, elytra with a transverse oblique line of dark spots on even interstriae and middle of suture; vestiture of dorsum made of white setiform scales on head and pronotum and minute white setae on elytra, hardly visible.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 3 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, with 5 carinae, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with suberect whitish scales forming two tufts near eyes oriented toward centre of forehead; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.36), widest near middle of length, 0.72 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina smooth and regular; sides converging in apical ⅓ of length, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures dull, narrower than diameter of punctures; scale cover more visible dense along lateral carinae and on each side of median line.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce setiform scales.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W : L ratio: 0.68); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; even interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, dark brown, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with subcontiguous recumbent whitish setae. Stridulatory plate with lines of 5 granules, as long as median line; central sclerotized area regularly rounded.
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 6.** Habitus of *Derelomus caldarai* Haran sp. nov. **A–B, D–E.** Holotype, ♂ (Tanzania) (TMSA). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (JHAR05867-01) (Republic of South Africa) (CBGP). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
LEGS. Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws appendiculate.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W: L ratio: 0.25); sides subparallel in dorsal view, widest beyond middle of length, converging regularly apicad from apical 2/5 of length, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature strong in basal 1/2 of length, straight in apical 1/2; width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex; apex slightly curved upward (Fig. 6D).

**Sexual dimorphism**

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer and less downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 6C).

**Life history**

Adults were collected on *Mimosa* sp. (Fabaceae). The sampling on *Searsia* sp. (Anacardiaceae) is likely accidental. Adults were collected in December in Tanzania and in August in the Republic of South Africa.

**Distribution**

Republic of South Africa, Tanzania.

**Remarks**

The apodemes of the single male available were damaged and could not be used in the description. Females of this species cannot be distinguished from those of *D. schoedli* based on morphology alone. The specimens reported here are those belonging to the holotype series or those for which a DNA barcode could be obtained. The other material is provisionally identified as *D. *schoedli/caldarai*" (see list of depositories in the Remarks section under *D. schoedli*) pending further investigation of this species complex.

*Derelomus lindbergi* Roudier, 1957
Fig. 7

*Derelomus lindbergi* Roudier, 1957: 15.

**Diagnosis**

This species can be distinguished by the combination of appendiculate claws, the lateral carina on the pronotum covered with whitish scales, the penis body rounded at the apex, not expanded into a spatula and the elytral pattern absent or reduced to a dark dot on the 4th elytral interstriae.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF CABO VERDE • ♂; "Ins. Cabo Verde; S. Tiago Praia [14°56'24" N 23°29'49" W]; 5-14.2.1954; Lindberg" "TYPE [red label]" "*Derelomus*; *lindbergi*; n. sp.; A. Roudier det."; MZH.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF CABO VERDE • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Santiago Island, Praia; 14°56'24" N, 23°29'49" W; 5–14 Feb. 1954; H. Lindberg coll.; MZH • 29 specs; same collection data as for preceding (Roudier 1957; not seen), MZH • 1 spec. (sex not determined); San Antão Island, Porto Novo; 17°01'08" N, 25°04'37" W; 4–7 Jan. 1954; H. Lindberg coll.; MZH.
**Other material**

BURKINA FASO • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 10 specs; Passoré, 8 km S of Ouest Yako; 12°51'44" N, 2°18'35" W; 7 Aug. 2005; F. and S. Génier coll.; light trap, Sudanian zone north; JHAR07714; CMNC • 1 ♀; Nahouri, Nazinga Forest, Naguio; 11°9'36.0" N, 1°36'0.0" W; 24 Jul. 2006; F. and S. Génier coll.; light trap, Sudanian zone, savanna with trees; JHAR07711; CMNC • 1 ♀; Nahouri, Nazinga, Forest, Barka; 11°11'16.8" N, 1°34'48.0" W; 24 Jul. 2006; F. and S. Génier coll.; light trap, Sudanian zone, savanna with trees; JHAR07712; CMNC • 1 ♂, 11 specs; Loroum, Toulfé; 13°53'43" N, 1°52'25" W; 15 Jul. 2005; F. and S. Génier coll.; light trap, Sahelian steppe with trees; JHAR07713; CMN • 1 spec.; Bale, Boromo; 11°48'08" N, 002°51'58" W; 10 Aug. 2005; F. Genier coll.; light trap Sudanian area; CMNC.

CAMEROON • 1 ♂; Maroua; 10°34'48" N, 14°19'45" E; 1 Aug. 1979; P.B. de Miré coll.; CBGP.

SENEGAL • 1 ♂; Niokolo Koba National Park, Badi; 13°08'17" N, 13°13'26" W; Mar.–Apr. 1957; NHMUK.

**Redescription (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument uniformly pale brown, elytra in some specimens with dark spot beyond middle of length of interstriae 4; vestiture of dorsum made of white setiform scales on head and pronotum and minute white setae on elytra, hardly visible, forming one row on each interstria.

HEAD. Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately downcurved, curvature slightly stronger in basal half; in dorsal view 4.5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, lacking carinae along median line, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented toward forehead; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with suberect whitish scales oriented backward; eyes moderately convex, slightly exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.

PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.18), widest near middle of length, 0.76 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina smooth and regular; sides slightly convex, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, arranged in irregular manner, space between punctures dull, narrower or wider than diameter of punctures; scale cover made of white setae longer than diameter of punctures, more condensed along lateral carinae.

METATHORAX. Metanepisterna with scarce, not overlapping setiform scales.

ELYTRA. Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.67); sides slightly convex, widest beyond middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as interstriae; interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, bearing a few setiform scales.

ABDOMEN. Underside covered with subcontiguous recumbent whitish setae. Stridulatory plate with lines of 4 granules, as long as median line; central sclerotized area regularly rounded at apex.

LEGS. Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws appendiculate.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.20); sides slightly convex in dorsal view, widest near apical ⅔ of length, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature strong in basal ¼ of length, straight in apical ⅔; width narrowing regularly from apical ⅔ to apex; apex slightly curved upward (Fig. 7D).
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 7.** Habitus of *Derelomus lindbergi* Roudier, 1957. **A–B, D–E.** Holotype, ♂ (Republic of Cabo Verde) (MZH). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (same locality) (MZH). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: 1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
**Sexual dimorphism**

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer in lateral view (Fig. 7C).

**Life history**

This species was collected on *Vachellia* sp. (“Acacia”, Roudier 1957) from January to April and from July to August.

**Distribution**

Burkina Faso, Cape Verde archipelago (Santiago and Santo Antão islands), northern Cameroon and Senegal.

*Derelomus pericarti* Hoffmann, 1968
Fig. 8

*Derelomus pericarti* Hoffmann, 1968: 173.

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus pericarti* can be distinguished by the combination of appendiculate claws, the lateral carina on the pronotum covered with whitish scales, the antennal funicle and club concolorous, the elytral pattern absent or reduced to a dark dot on the 4th elytral interstriae and the penis body in the male forming a long spatula moderately curved upward. It is very close to *D. schoedli*, the color of the club and the shape of the body of penis allows distinguishing these species.

**Lectotype** (here designated)

REPUBLIC OF CHAD • ♂; “Rép. du Tchad; Bas-Chari, 1963; J. Péricart, coll.” “Env. de Fort-Lamy; Farcha 26.7; o/ *Acacia nilotica*” “TYPE [red label]” “*Derelomus*; (s.st.) *pericarti* m[me]; A. Hoffmann det.” “Museum Paris. Coll J Péricart” “Lectotype ♂; *Derelomus*; *pericarti*; Hoffmann, 1968; J. Haran des. 2025”; MNHN.

**Paralectotypes**

REPUBLIC OF CHAD • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; N’Djamena, Farcha; 12°07’16” N, 14°59’06” E; 26 Jul. 1963; J. Péricart, coll.; on *Vachellia nilotica* (L.)P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.; MNHN • 1 ♀; N’Djamena, Farcha, Chari riverside; 12°06’50” N, 14°59’28” E; 29 Jul. 1963; J. Péricart, coll.; on *Vachellia nilotica*; MNHN.

**Other material**

CAMEROON • 2 ♀♀; N’goum [see map in Hoffmann 1968: 153]; 12°48’29” N, 14°32’49” E; 11 Aug. 1963; J. Péricart, coll.; evening sampling; MNHN.

**Redescription** (♂)

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 1.8–2.0 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument uniformly pale brown, elytra in some specimens with a dark spot beyond middle of length of interstriae 4; vestiture of dorsum made of white setiform scales on head and pronotum and minute white setae on elytra, hardly visible, forming one row on each interstria.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately downcurved, curvature slightly stronger in basal half; in dorsal view 3.5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, lacking carinae along median line, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented toward forehead; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with suberect whitish setiform scales
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 8.** Habitus of *Derelomus pericarti* Hoffmann, 1968. **A–B, D–E.** Lectotype, ♂ (Republic of Chad) (MNHN). **C.** Paralectotype, ♀ (same locality) (MNHN). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
oriented backward, more condensed near eyes; eyes moderately convex, slightly exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5× as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 2 isodiametric, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Slightly longer than wide (W:L ratio: 0.90), widest near middle of length, 0.73× as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina smooth and regular; sides slightly convex, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, arranged in an irregular manner, space between punctures dull, narrower or wider than diameter of punctures; scale cover made of white setae longer than diameter of punctures, more condensed along lateral carinae.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce, overlapping setiform scales.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.67); sides slightly convex, widest beyond middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as interstriae; interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, bearing minute setiform scales.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with subcontiguous recumbent whitish setae. Stridulatory plate with lines of 5–6 granules, as long as median line; central sclerotized area rounded and narrow at apex.

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws appendiculate.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.20), about 4× as long as apodemes; sides almost straight, converging from base to apex, apex forming an elongate spatula approximately 2× as long as wide; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/3 of length; width narrowing regularly from apical 1/4 of length to apex; apex slightly curved upward and bisinuate (Fig. 8D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer in lateral view (Fig. 8C).

## Life history

This species was collected on *Vachellia nilotica* (Fabaceae). Adults were sampled in the evening. Months of collecting were July and August.

## Distribution

This species is only known from the N'Djamena region in Chad and the northern tip of Cameroon. Its putative host, *V. nilotica*, is widely distributed in Africa and western Asia.

## Remarks

*Derelomus pericarti* was described based on a series of male and female specimens without designation of a holotype (Hoffmann 1968). In the J. Péricart and A. Hoffmann collections housed at MNHN, the series of specimens from N'Djamena, Farcha, used for description (species identification handwritten by Hoffmann) was located. These specimens bear red types and paratype labels. A male specimen bearing the red type label is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus pericarti* [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. The rest of the series was labelled as paralectotypes for this species.
*Derelomus schoedli* Rheinheimer, 2005
Fig. 9

*Derelomus schoedli* Rheinheimer, 2005: 384.

*Derelomus schoedli* – Haran *et al.* 2022a: phylogenetic relationship, erroneously identified as *D. signatus*.

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus schoedli* can be distinguished by the combination of appendiculate claws, the lateral carina on the pronotum covered with whitish scales, the antennal club darker than the funicle (on fully sclerotized specimens), the elytral pattern absent or reduced to a dark dot on the 4th elytral interstriae and the penis body in the male forming a long spatula strongly curved upward and bisinuate. It is very close to *D. pericarti* (see Diagnosis section under that species). Females of this species cannot be distinguished from those of *D. caldaria* sp. nov. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: OK188815–16.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

SAUDI ARABIA • ♂; “Saudi Arab. 1976; Wittmer, Büttiker” “8-20 km O Abha-; Taif [approx. 21°21′14″ N 40°13′48″ E] 2100m 20.4.” “*Derelomus; schoedli*; Rheinheimer; Holotype”; NMB.

**Paratypes**

SAUDI ARABIA • 6 ♀♀; 8–20 km W of Taif; 21°21′14″ N, 40°13′48″ E; 20 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB • 2 ♀♀; Abha, Wadi Johan; 18°13′05″ N, 42°30′22″ E; 19 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB • 3 ♀♀; Abha, Wadi Johan; 18°13′05″ N, 42°30′22″ E; 15 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB • 6 ♀♀; village Qaraah, Khamis; 18°17′54″ N, 42°43′00″ E; 16 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB • 4 ♀♀; “Wadi ad Dilla” [locality?]; 17 Oct. 1979; W. Büttiker coll.; NMB • 4 ♀♀; Asir, Bani Rizam; 18°19′00″ N, 42°27′00″ E; 12 Apr. 1980; W. Büttiker coll.; NMB • 3 ♀♀; Tanomah; 18°55′55″ N, 42°10′23″ E; 11 Apr. 1980; W. Büttiker coll.; NMB • 2 ♀♀; Wadi Aziza; 18°12′58″ N, 42°27′00″ E; 19 Sep. 1983; W. Büttiker coll.; NMB • 1 ♀; Wadi Marba, Khamis Mushait; 17 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB • 1 ♀; BAC Camp, Khamis Mushait; 18 Apr. 1976; Wittmer and Büttiker coll.; NMB. See full list of paratypes in Rheinheimer (2005).

**Other material**

ETHIOPIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Hawzen; 13°58′42″ N, 39°25′52″ E; 9 Dec. 2013; P. Weill coll.; beating *Vachellia* sp.; JHAR01036; PW.

**Redescription (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.0 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument uniformly pale brown, antennal club black, elytra with curved line of dark spots beyond middle of length on interstriae 2, 4, 6, 8; vestiture of dorsum made of white setiform scales on head and pronotum and minute white setae on elytra, forming one or two rows on each interstria.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately downcurved in basal 1/3, almost straight in apical 2/3; in dorsal view about 4 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, lacking carinae along median line, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented toward forehead; antennae inserted near apical 1/4 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, forehead with minute setiform scales oriented backward, more condensed near eyes; eyes moderately convex, slightly exceeding lateral curve
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 9.** Habitus of *Derelomus schoedli* Rheinheimer, 2005. **A–B, D–E.** Holotype, ♂ (Saudi Arabia) (NMB). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (same locality) (NMB). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 1.5× as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 2 isodiametric, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Slightly wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.15), widest near middle of length, 0.65 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina smooth and regular; sides subparallel in basal ⅜, converging in apical ⅔; integument with large circular punctures, arranged in irregular manner, space between punctures dull, narrower or wider than diameter of punctures; scale cover made of white setae longer than diameter of punctures, more condensed along lateral carinae.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scarce, non-overlapping scales.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W : L ratio: 0.65); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as interstriae or slightly narrower; interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, bearing minute setiform scales.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with subcontiguous recumbent whitish setae. Stridulatory plate with lines of 5–6 granules, as long as median line; central sclerotized area narrow and rounded at apex.

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate; claws appendiculate.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis very elongate (W : L ratio: 0.17), about 5 × as long as apodemes; sides almost straight, converging slightly from base to apex, apex forming elongate spatula approximately 4 × as long as wide; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length; width narrowing regularly from apical ¼ of length to apex; apex bisinuate (Fig. 9D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer in lateral view (Fig. 9C).

## Life history

The verified Ethiopian series were collected on an unidentified species of *Vachellia* (Fabaceae).

## Distribution

Ethiopia and Saudi Arabia.

## Remarks

Only two males are available in this species, from Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia. They show slight differences in rostrum shape and size (slightly longer and more downcurved in the Ethiopian specimen) and the examination of longer series will probably increase our knowledge on the variability of morphological features reported here in the redescription. The rest of known specimens are females (Rheinheimer 2005). Female specimens cannot at this stage be distinguished from those of *D. caldarai* sp. nov. based on morphological features. The list of material corresponds to that reported in Rheinheimer (2005) and females from a series in which a male was available for verification (Ethiopia). Other material from Botswana, Kenya, Rwanda, Republic of South Africa and Zambia (housed at CMNC, DEI, MNHN, NHMUK, RMCA, TMSA and USNM) was provisionally labelled as *Derelomus "schoedli/caldarai"*, see below.

BOTSWANA • 1 ♀; Serowe Farmer's Brigade; Sep. 1995; P. Forchhammer leg.; mercury vapour light trap; DEI.
KENYA • 1 ♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 23 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia seyal*; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; 90 km from Nairobi (no precise locality); 22 Mar. 1990; D. Hongo coll.; adults collected on *Vachellia hockii*; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Taveta; 3°23'46" S, 37°40'30" E; 750 m; Mar. 1912; Alluaud and Jeannel coll.; MNHN.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape Province • 1 ♀; Uitenhage [now Kariega]; 33°45'49" S, 25°26'20" E; Oct. 1898; RW. Onfil [?] coll.; on *Mimosa*; NHMUK. – KwaZulu-Natal Province • 2 ♀♀; Frere; 28°53'46" S, 29°46'37" E; May 1892; GAK. Marshall coll.; in rose; NHMUK. – Mpumalanga Province • 3 ♀♀; 16 km N, of Barberton; 25°42'00" S, 30°57'00" E; 10 Feb. 1987; Endrödy-Younga coll.; bush passed flowering; E-Y: 2440; TMSA. – North West Province • 1 ♀; Libertas [Mahikeng]; 25°50'46" S, 25°38'24" E; 10–11 Oct. 1979; Colin R. Owen coll.; USNM.

RWANDA • 1 ♀; Bugarama; 2°42'00" S, 29°00'36" E; 25 Jan. 1926; Dr H. Schouteden coll.; RMCA.

YEMEN • 14 ♀♀; Jabal Jiḥāf; 13°45'04.0" N, 44°40'53.0" E; 4 Oct. 1937; H. Scott and E. B. Britton coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Jabal Jiḥāf; 13°45'04.0" N, 44°40'53.0" E; 18–19 Sep. 1937; H. Scott and E.B. Britton coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Jabal Jiḥāf; 13°45'04.0" N, 44°40'53.0" E; 1 Oct. 1937; H. Scott and E.B. Britton coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Jabal Jiḥāf; 13°45'04.0" N, 44°40'53.0" E; 7 Oct. 1937; H. Scott and E.B. Britton coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Sanaa; 15°19'30.8" N, 44°12'42.6" E; 17–18 Sep. 1937; Dr Carl Rathjens coll.; from lucerne field; NHMUK.

ZAMBIA • 1 ♀; Lukulu, Barotse Floodplain; 14°12'39" S, 23°19'09" E; 9 Nov. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram coll.; light trap; NHMUK • 4 ♀♀; Kabwe, Kasanka NP; 12°32'29" S, 30°12'40" E; 30 Nov. 2012; Smith R & Takano H coll.; Light trap, Edward's funnel; NHMUK • 1 ♀; 9 km E of Mulalika; 15°41'10" S, 28°43'52" E; 24 Nov. 2010; J. Génier coll.; light trap, Southern Miombo woodland; CMNC.

**Derelomus pallidus group**

This species group contains only three species, which exhibit a uniformly pale brown integument, a comparatively small body size, equal to or below 2.5 mm, and a lateral carina on the pronotum lacking a dense cover of white scales. The monophyly of this species group is supported by molecular data, at least for the two species *D. pallidus* and *D. prochesi* sp. nov. (Fig. 33). Species in this group are restricted to East and southern Africa, they are associated with Ebenaceae and Achariaceae.

*Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844
Fig. 10

*Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844: 95.

*Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904: 407. **Syn. nov.**

*Derelomus hartmanni* Klima, 1934: 134 (replacement name for *D. pallidus* Hartmann, 1904; preoccupied name). **Syn. nov.**

*Derelomus pallidus* – Haran *et al.* 2022a; 2022b (life history, phylogenetic relationships); 2023a (life history).

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus pallidus* can be distinguished in the combination of small body size (up to 2.5 mm), a short rostrum (at most as long as the pronotum in lateral view; Fig. 10B), the uniformly pale brown body integument (the darker triangular area as base of the elytra in this species is due to the dark color of the tergites partly masked by the wings in repose condition, some specimens have the head and rostrum slightly darker) and the simple claws. It can be distinguished from other species in the *D. pallidus* group
by its comparatively short rostrum (Figs 10B, 11B–F). The general appearance of this species is close to another one in *Derelomini: Ebenacobius rectirostris* Haran, 2022, but in the latter, the interocular space bears a groove (absent in *Derelomus*) and the body of the penis lacks a thickening near the base (synapomorphy in *Derelomus*). In our current knowledge, *D. pallidus* is the only species of *Derelomus* associated with the flowers of *Euclea* L. (Ebenaceae). GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: ON553416/ON553430/PV698476-77-78-79.

**Material examined**

**Lectotype** of *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 (here designated)

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; “Cap. b.; sp. [Cape of Good hope, South Africa]” “Drége” “3757; E91+” “Naturhistorika Riksmuseet; Stockholm; Loan no 813/06” “Lectotype ♀; *Derelomus*; *pallidus*; Fåhraeus 1844; Haran des. 2025”; NHRS.

**Lectotype** of *Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904

TANZANIA • ♂; “♂” “Usambara; Kraatz” “47” *Derelomus*; *pallidus* Htm” “Coll. J. Faust; Ankauf 1900” “Staatl. Museum für; Tierkunde Dresden” “Lectotype ♀; *Derelomus*; *pallidus*; Hartmann, 1904; Haran des. 2025” *Derelomus*; *hartmanni*; Klima, 1934; Haran 2025” *Derelomus*; *pallidus*; Fåhraeus 1844; Haran 2025”; MTD.

**Paralectotypes**

TANZANIA • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for lectotype of *Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904; MTD.

**Other material**

ANGOLA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Tundavala; 14°50'39" S, 13°24'54" E; 27–29 Mar. 1972; at lights; NHMUK.

KENYA • 1 ♀; Mount Kenya, West slope, Amboni Rivir; 0°20'13" S, 36°54'10" E; Jan.–Feb. 1912; Alluaud and Jeannel coll.; MNHN • 1 ♀; Nairobi 1°20'17" S, 36°47'28" E; Jan. 1938; A.F.J. Gedye coll.; NHMUK.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Eastern Cape Province** • 2 ♂♂, 30 specs (preserved in ethanol); Byra river mouth; 33°12'07" S, 18°04'55" E; 14 Jul. 2019; J. Haran coll.; beating flowers of *Euclea* L. sp. (Ebenaceae); JHAR02380; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MCZR • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Kabeljous Nature Reserve; 33°59'42" S, 24°56'00" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; beating flowers of *Diospyros dichrophylla* (Gand.) De Winter (Ebenaceae); JHAR04163; CBGP • 4 ♂♂; Colchester; 33°42'25" S, 25°50'38" E; Ş. Procheş coll.; on *Euclea* sp. (Ebenaceae); JHAR07429; CBGP • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Gamtoos; 33°57'29" S, 25°02'17" E; Ş. Procheş coll.; beating flowers of *Diospyros dichrophylla* (Ebenaceae); JHAR07428; CBGP • 2 ♂, 7 ♀♀; Kenton-on-Sea; 33°41'06" S, 26°40'12" E; 9 Sep. 1951; E. Mc. Callan coll.; on sand; BM-1963-286; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Port St Johns; 31°37'46" S, 29°32'31" E; 15–31 May 1923; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK. – **KwaZulu-Natal Province** • 1 ♀; New Germany Nature Reserve, Protea Ridge; 29°48'43" S, 30°53'28" E; Jul. 2011; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Diospyros* L. sp. (Ebenaceae); JHAR07431; CBGP. – **Northern Cape Province** • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 40 specs (preserved in ethanol); Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve; 31°27'00" S, 19°04'05" E; 4 Aug. 2023; J. Haran; beating flowers of undet. bush; JHAR05784; CBGP. – **Western Cape Province** • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Cape Town; 33°55'12" S, 18°24'36" E; Aug. 1893; SAMC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 20 specs (preserved in ethanol); West Coast National Park; 33°12'07" S, 18°04'55" E; 3 Mar. 2018; J. Haran coll.; beating flowers of *Euclea racemosa* L. (Ebenaceae); JHAR00820; CBGP • 1 ♀, 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch; 33°56'28" S, 18°52'19" E; 28 Jul. 2018; J. Haran coll.; beating flowers of *Searsia* (Anacardiaceae); JHAR01361; CBGP • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Paradysekloof; 33°58'09" S, 18°52'38" E; 30 Mar. 2019; J. Haran; on white flowering bush; CBGP • 6 specs (preserved in ethanol); Du Toitskloof Pass; 33°43'15" S, 19°04'23" E; 21 Apr. 2018; J. Haran; beating fynbos; JHAR00920; CBGP • 3 specs
(preserved in ethanol); Cape Peninsula, Cape of Good Hope; 34°21'12" S, 18°28'24" E; 15 Apr. 2018; J. Haran; beating flowers of *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae); JHAR00921-01; CBGP • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Franschoek Pass; 33°54'15" S, 19°09'26" E; 4 Jun. 2018; J. Haran; beating flowers of *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae); CBGP • 7 specs (preserved in ethanol); Arniston; 34°40'30" S, 20°13'52" E; 21 Mar. 2019; J. Haran; beating flowers of *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae); JHAR02253; CBGP • 1 ♀, 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Elandsbay; 32°19'49" S, 18°18'58" E; 6 Aug. 2023; J. Haran; beating flowers of *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae); JHAR05798; CBGP • 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Simonsberg; 33°53'10" S, 18°55'30" E; 7 Dec. 2019; J. Haran; beating fynbos; JHAR03096; CBGP • 2 ♂♀; Betty's Bay; 34°20'24" S, 18°55'12" E; Ş. Procheş coll.; beating flowers of *Diospyros lycoides* Desf. (Ebenaceae); JHAR07427; CBGP • 1 ♀; Standford; 34°26'10" S, 19°26'49" E; Dec. 2009; M. Gibson coll.; on *Acacia saligna* (Labill.) H.L. Wendl. (Fabaceae); JHAR07430; CBGP • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mossel Bay; 34°12'04" S, 22°05'56" E; Apr. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; "165"; NHMUK • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mossel Bay; 34°12'04" S, 22°05'56" E; Jun. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Mossel Bay; 34°12'04" S, 22°05'56" E; Sep. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Mossel Bay; 34°12'04" S, 22°05'56" E; Oct. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Breede River, Heidelberg Dist.; 33°32'21" S, 19°12'04" E; 6 Feb. 1932; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Cape Town; 33°55'12" S, 18°24'36" E; 1 Sep. 1901; Cledoux coll.; USNM • 1 ♀; Ceres; 33°22'04" S, 19°18'21" E; 2–21 Mar. 1921; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Worcester; 33°37'51" S, 19°27'18" E; Sep. 1928; R.E. Turner coll.; NHMUK.

UGANDA • 1 ♂; Kawanda; 0°25'31" N, 32°32'24" E; 15 Feb. –6 Mar. 1958; P. Walley; mercury vapor light trap; NHMUK.

**Redescription (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 1.9–2.4 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument unifo.rmly pale brown, head and club usually darker; dark color of tergites visible elytra at base, forming darker reversed triangle. Vestiture of dorsum made of minute white, recumbent setae, integument glabrous in appearance.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 3 to 4 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 carinae, more or less distinct; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule densely punctate in dorsal view; eyes very convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Isodiametric to moderately wider than long (W:L ratio: 1–1.20), widest near base, 0.78 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina forming small obtuse tooth slightly beyond middle of length; sides subparallel or slightly converging apicad in basal ⅔ of length, converging or converging more distinctly in apical ⅓, apical constriction shallow but visible; integument with large circular punctures, arranged in irregular manner, space between punctures dull, narrower or wider than diameter of punctures.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with scattered non-overlapping white setae.

**ELYTRA.** Longer than wide (W:L ratio: 0.67); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, bearing recumbent setae.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of about 10 granules, ⅔ × as long as median line from base; granules space between granules as wide as or narrower than diameter of granules. Central sclerotized area wide and regularly rounded apically.

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly bisinuate, metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half; claws simple.
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>B</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>C</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>D</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>E</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>G</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /><figcaption>H</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>
### TERMINALIA.
Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio: 0.28), slightly less than 2× as long as apodemes; sides regularly and moderately convex in dorsal view, widest near middle of length; converging more strongly in apical ¼, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ⅔ of length, width narrowing from apical ½ middle of length to apex; apex curved upward (Fig. 10C).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is slightly longer in lateral view.

## Variation

The rostrum of this species shows a sizable variability of size and curvature, but this variation is not associated with genetic divergence (Fig. 33).

## Life history

Adults of this species are found in prodigious numbers on inflorescences in anthesis of *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae), which likely constitutes its host plant. They accidentally visit the flowers of other plants and were sporadically recorded on Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae. A specimen was also intercepted in the port of Los Angeles (USA) on imported *Phylica* L. sp. (Rhamnaceae) in 2002 (USNM). The records on flowers of *Diospyros* L. species would deserve further observations in order to verify if this species can develop on Ebenaceae out of *Euclea*. *Derelomus pallidus* was found in sympatry with *Ebenacobius san* Haran, 2022 on *Euclea racemosa* and with *Ebenacobius hessei* Haran, 2022 on an unidentified *Euclea* (Haran *et al.* 2022b). Note that multi species assemblage of weevils on white and pendulous inflorescences of dioecious plants like *Euclea* agree with the typical patterns of brood-site pollination mutualism (Haran *et al.* 2023a). Adults were recorded from January to March in East Africa (Kenya) and almost all year round in southern Africa (Angola and Republic of South Africa, not recorded in January, May and October–November).

## Distribution

This species is distributed in southern and East Africa (Angola, Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda). The putative host plant, *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae), ranges from the Western Cape Province of the Republic South Africa up to the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula.

## Remarks

In the Fåhraeus collection housed at NHRS, a female specimen under the name *Derelomus pallidus* and fitted with the labels “Cap. b.; sp.[cape of good hope]” and “Drége” (as reported in the original description) was located. This specimen is the lectotype [here designated] for *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 and was labelled accordingly. In the Faust-Hartmann collection housed at MTD, a syntypic series of specimens (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀) under the name *Derelomus pallidus* and bearing the labels “Usambara” and “Kraatz” as reported in the original description was located. The male specimen of this series was designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. The name *Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904 was replaced by *Derelomus hartmanni* Klima, 1934 in the *Catalogus Coleopterorum* (Klima 1934), the former combination being preoccupied by *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844. Detailed examinations of external and internal

**Fig. 10** (preceding page). Habitus and life history of *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844. **A–B**, **D–E**. ♂ (Republic of South Africa) (JHAR00820-01, CBGP). **C**. ♀ (Republic of South Africa) (JHAR05798-01, CBGP). **A**. Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C**. Habitus in lateral view. **D**. Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E**. Stridulatory plate. **F**. Habitat of *Euclea racemosa* L. on the Cape Peninsula in the Republic of South Africa. **G**. Male inflorescences of *Euclea racemosa*. **H**. Adult of *D. pallidus* on a male flower of its host, note the mimicry of body integument with the corolla. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.
morphology of the type material of *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 and *Derelomus hartmanni* Klima, 1934 as well as specimens related to these species from various localities showed no significant differences. The rostrums in the lectotype and the paralectotypes of *D. hartmanni* are slightly longer and more downcurved than in the lectotype of *D. pallidus*, but the examination of long series of specimens of *D. pallidus* shows that the shape of the rostrum is quite variable at population level, a feature not associated with genetic differences (specimens included in Haran *et al.* 2022a were variable for that feature). In addition, the host plant of *D. pallidus* (*Euclea racemosa* L.) is widely distributed in austral and eastern Africa, and occurs where *D. hartmanni* was recorded (Tanzania). As a result of this, the names *Derelomus pallidus* Hartmann, 1904 and *Derelomus hartmanni* Klima, 1934 are proposed as junior synonyms of *Derelomus pallidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 [new synonymies].

*Derelomus setifer* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2011F57B-74C1-4204-B93E-4560240AD0E5

Fig. 11A–D

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus setifer* sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination of appendiculate claws, a rostrum longer than the pronotum in lateral view, the metanepisterna with a dense vestiture of white scales and the erect setae on the elytra. It is closest to *D. prochesi* sp. nov., but the latter species only bears small recumbent setae on the elytra. The penis of both species is diagnostic (Fig. 11C, G).

**Etymology**

The species name refers to the erect setae on elytra of this species. This feature is apparently unique in the genus *Derelomus*.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “S. Afr; Tvl. [Mpumalanga Province] Nelshoogte; Forest Station; 25.50S – 30.50E [25°50'00" S 30°50'00" E]” “18.ii.1987; E-Y:2449; White flow. creeper; Leg. Endrödy-Younga” “Holotype; *Derelomus setifer*; Haran 2025”; TMSA.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Mpumalanga Province • 1 ♀; Nelshoogte, Forest Station; 25°50'00" S, 30°50'00" E; 18 Feb. 1987; Endrödy-Younga coll.; on white flower creeper; E-Y:2449; TMSA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CBGP. – Eastern Cape Province • 1 ♂; Queenstown [Komani]; 31°54'03" S, 26°54'40" E; 16 Jan.–10 Feb. 1923; 1066 m a.s.l.; R.E. Turner coll.; British Museum 1923-140; NHMUK.

**Description (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.2 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown; vestiture of elytra consists of row of white setae alternately erect and recumbent on each interstria, striae as long as width of interstriae; each puncture of striae with short recumbent seta, shorter than width of interstriae; setae not concealing the integument.

HEAD. Rostrum longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.4×), moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 5× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, covered with short suberect whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical 1/5 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal
view, with contiguous suberect whitish setae oriented toward centre of forehead; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 3–5 isodiametric, 6–7 transverse.

PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.25), widest near middle of length, 0.75 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, lateral carina forming an obtuse tooth in middle of length; sides abruptly converging in apical 1/3, apical constriction shallow, hardly visible; integument with large circular punctures, space

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 11.** **A–D.** *Derelomus setifer* Haran sp. nov., holotype, ♂ from Nelshoogte (Republic of South Africa, Mpumalanga Province) (E-Y:2449, TMSA). **E–H.** *Derelomus prochesi* Haran sp. nov., ♂, holotype, from the Tradouw Pass (Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province) (JHAR05978-01, SAMC). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B.** Habitus in lateral view. **C.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral view (right). **D.** Stridulatory plate. **E.** Habitus in dorsal view. **F.** Habitus in lateral view. **G.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral view (right). **H.** Stridulatory plate. **I.** *Kiggelaria africana* L. (Achariaceae), putative host plant of *Derelomus prochesi*. Scale bar: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D, G–H not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
between punctures smooth, shiny, as wide as or wider than diameter of punctures near scutellar shield, narrower on the rest of pronotum; setae suberect, downcurved, oriented toward scutellar shield.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with dense vestiture of white scales.

**ELYTRA.** Longer than wide (W : L ratio: 0.62); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded, notched at apex of suture; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield triangular, bearing recumbent setae.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 7 granules ¾ × as long as median line from base. Central sclerotized area regularly rounded laterally.

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly concave in apical ½, metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half; claws appendiculate.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.20), more than 2 × as long as apodemes; sides straight in dorsal view, widest at base, converging regularly apicad, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ⅓ of length, width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex; apex curved upward (Fig. 11C).

## Sexual dimorphism

Female can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is narrower in dorsal view (6–7 × as long as wide in females, 5 × as long as wide in males).

## Life history

Specimens were collected on an unidentified creeper with white flowers (Endrödy-Younga obs.). Adults were collected in January and February.

## Distribution

*Derelomus setifer* sp. nov. is known from the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga provinces in the Republic of South Africa.

## Remarks

Elytral striae 2–3 and 4–5 are merged in the holotype. This is obviously a teratogenic case not representative of the species and as such not reported in the description.

**_Derelomus prochesi_** Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:13F72B0D-4B14-4524-85A4-E72AD4319B50
Fig. 11E–H

## Diagnosis

*Derelomus prochesi* sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination of appendiculate claws, a rostrum longer than the pronotum in lateral view, the metanepisterna with a dense vestiture of white scales and the recumbent setae on the elytra. It is closest to *D. setifer* sp. nov. but the latter species bears erect setae on the elytra. The penis of both species is diagnostic (Fig. 11C, G). GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: ON553431–32/PV598482.
**Etymology**

The species is dedicated to Şerban Procheş, for his intensive collecting of weevils in the Republic of South Africa that enabled the discovery of this species and its host plant.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; "Rep. of South Africa; WC Pr. [Western Cape Province], Tradouw Pass; 20.viii.2023; J. Haran coll." "JHAR05978-01; -33.931 20.712 [33°55'53" S 20°42'43" E]; *Kiggelaria africana* fl.; Collection - Cirad" "Holotype; *Derelomus; prochesi*; Haran 2025"; SAMC.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 1 ♀; Tradouw Pass; 33°55'53" S, 20°42'43" E; 20 Aug. 2023; J. Haran coll.; beating male inflorescences of *Kiggelaria africana* L.; JHAR05978-02; CBGP • 3 ♀♀; Stellenbosch Mountain; 33°57'36" S, 18°52'48" E; 17 Jul. 2018; J. Haran coll.; beating fynbos; JHAR01174; CBGP • 1 ♀; Kirstenbosch botanical garden, entrance area; 33°59'14" S, 18°26'00" E; Sep. 2010; Ş. Procheş coll.; flowers of *Kiggelaria africana*; JHAR07403-01; CBGP. – **Eastern Cape Province** • 2 ♀♀; Colchester; 33°41'24" S, 25°49'48" E; 1 Oct. 2020; Ş. Procheş coll.; flowers of *Kiggelaria africana*; JHAR07404; CBGP.

**Description**

**Male**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown; vestiture of elytra made of a row of white recumbent setae non-contiguous on each interstria, shorter than width of interstriae; each puncture of striae with a short recumbent seta, shorter than width of interstriae; setae not concealing the integument.

HEAD. Rostrum longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.2×), moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, covered with short recumbent whitish setae oriented transversally, except near eyes where oriented toward forehead; antennae inserted near apical 1/5 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with contiguous suberect and downcurved whitish setae oriented toward centre of forehead; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 3 isodiametric, 4–7 transverse.

PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.26), widest near apical 1/3 of length, 0.75 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, side rounded, abruptly converging in apical 1/3, apical constriction shallow; integument with large circular punctures, space between punctures smooth, shiny, as wide as or narrower than diameter of punctures; setae recumbent, downcurved, shorter than diameter of punctures in central area, oriented toward scutellar shield.

METATHORAX. Metanepisterna with dense vestiture of white scales.

ELYTRA. Moderately longer than wide (W:L ratio: 0.75); sides convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded, slightly notched at apex of suture; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly wider than interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield triangular, densely covered by recumbent whitish setae.

ABDOMEN. Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 4–6 granules ¾ × as long as median line from base. Central sclerotized area narrowed near base.
LEGS. Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal slightly concave in apical ½, metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half; claws appendiculate.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.20), 2 × as long as apodemes; sides concave in middle of length in dorsal view, widest at base, apical ½ lanceolate, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ⅓ of length, width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex; apex curved upward (Fig. 11G).

**Sexual dimorphism**

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is narrower and longer in dorsal view (7 × as long as wide in females, 5 × as long as wide in males).

**Life history**

*Derelomus prochesi* sp. nov. was collected in almost all localities on flowers of the tree *Kiggelaria africana* (Achariaceae), which probably constitutes its host plant. This species forms a supported phylogenetic clade with *Derelomus pallidus* (Fig. 33) associated with *Euclea racemosa* (Ebenaceae). Such clade exhibits a derived condition of development on dicot plants from an ancestral association with palms (Arecaceae) in the genus *Derelomus*. The flowers of *Euclea* spp. and *Kiggelaria africana* show remarkable morphological similarities, possibly arising from convergently selected features to host weevils. More generally, *Kiggelaria* trees agree in several aspects with the trends of brood-site pollination mutualism with weevils (dioecy, patchy distribution, cantharophilous flowers; Haran *et al.* 2023a). Such an interaction would deserve detailed investigations. Adults were collected from July to October.

**Distribution**

*Derelomus prochesi* sp. nov. is a South African endemic in our current knowledge, distributed along the coast of the Eastern and Western Cape provinces, up to 40 km inland. Its host ranges naturally from Cape Town in the Republic of South Africa up to Kenya (GBIF 2024).

**Derelomus nigrovariegatus group**

This species group is defined by the combination of a glabrous lateral carina on the pronotum, the comparatively large body length (generally beyond 3 mm) and the prosternum at least partly dark brown. The protibiae of the males exhibit a distinct internal comb of erect setae and the sex dimorphism for the shape and curvature of the rostrum is marked (note that these features have not been verified in *D. nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936 due to the unavailability of males). Six species are recognized in this group, they are distributed in Central, East and southern Africa. Most species were collected on male inflorescences and in fruits of *Phoenix reclinata* Jacq. (Arecaceae) and one species develops in flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai* Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae).

*Derelomus strelitziae* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B79074EC-85AF-424D-9DC0-C97BAE7C04B1

Fig. 12

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus strelitziae* sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its scutellum concealed by a dense cover of whitish setae. The body is flat in lateral view and the integuments on mature specimens are dark brown with a few pale brown patterns on the elytra. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: ON553428–29.
**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the genus name of the host plant of this *Derelomus*: *Strelitzia nicolai*.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; "Republic of South Africa; KZN Pr. [KwaZulu-Natal Province], Margate; 6.x.2018; J. Haran coll." "-30.857 30.376[30°51'26" S 30°22'34" E]; *Strelitzia nicolai* flowers; JHAR01561_0101; Cirad" "Holotype; *Derelomus*; *strelitziae*; Haran, 2025"; SANC.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **KwaZulu-Natal Province** • 2 ♂♂, 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN • 5 ♀♀; Bluff Nature Reserve; 29°56'13" S, 30°59'40" E; Aug. 2008; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07394; CBGP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 17 specs (preserved in ethanol); Durban, uMhlanga; 29°43'09" S, 31°05'27" E; 7 Oct. 2010; J. Haran coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR01572; CBGP • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Queen Elizabeth Park, lake area; 29°34'19" S, 30°19'27" E; Jun. 2008; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07393; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Enseleni; 28°41'21" S, 32°00'00" E; Oct. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07396; CBGP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; TMSA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 8 specs (preserved in ethanol); Port Edward; 31°02'39" S, 30°13'34" E; 12 Jul. 2019; J. Haran coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR02369; CBGP • 1 ♂; San Lameer, Mondazur Hotel; 30°56'42" S, 30°17'49" E; Jul. 2012; Ş. Procheş coll.; on cultivated flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*, but within natural range, naturally occurring less than 1 km away; JHAR07402; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sordwana Bay, 5 km NW of town; 27°28'42" S, 32°38'42" E; Oct. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07397; CBGP • 1 ♂; UKZN Westville, School of Business; 29°48'57" S, 30°56'46" E; Sep. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on wall; JHAR07395; CBGP • 1 ♀; UKZN Westville, Biomedical Center; 29°49'24" S, 30°56'52" E; Nov. 2011; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07401; CBGP • 1 ♀; Umtentueni; Jul. 1953; E.L. Sleeper leg.; SANC • 2 ♂♂; Umbogintwini; 30°01'08" S, 30°54'14" E; Nov.–Jan. 1925; Hardenberg coll.; NHMUK. – **Western Cape Province** • 1 ♀; Plettenberg Bay; 34°04'01" S, 23°22'23" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07398; CBGP. – **Eastern Cape Province** • 1 ♂; Mbotyi village; 31°27'55" S, 29°43'55" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*; JHAR07400; CBGP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MCZR • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; RB • 1 ♀; Van Stadens Nature Reserve; 33°54'40" S, 25°13'09" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on cultivated flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai*, outside natural range; JHAR07399; CBGP • 1 ♂; Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth; 33°59'24.0" S, 25°39'36.0" E; Ş. Procheş coll.; on *Strelitzia nicolai*; ANIC.

**Description (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.0–5.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument dark brown, often reddish brown on teneral adults; tibiae, tarsi and scape reddish brown; elytra with pale brown patterns generally forming circles laterally on basal half and apical half; dorsum with minute whitish setae, glabrous in appearance.

HEAD. Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 3.6 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, covered with short recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical 1/3 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view;
eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segments 1–2 subequal in length, 1 wider than 2, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.23), widest near middle of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles; sides straight, subparallel or slightly convex, abruptly converging in apical ¼, apical constriction as wide as width of scape at apex; integument densely and irregularly punctate, space between punctures smooth, dull; setae more visible laterally, as long as width of punctures.

**ELYTRA.** Sides subparallel or slightly convex, widest near ⅜ of length (W : L ratio: 0.56); humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures as wide as or slightly narrower than interstriae; interstriae flat or slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, concealed by whitish setae.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 10 granules ¾ × as long as median line (Fig. 12E).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate, carinate, bearing a comb of elongated golden setae as long as or longer than largest width of protibiae, extending from basal ½ to apex (Fig. 12F); meso and metatibiae lacking comb of elongated setae; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.20), 2 × as long as apodemes; sides subparallel in dorsal view, widest near basal ⅓ of length, converging regularly apicad, apex acuminate; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length, width narrowing apicad in apical ¼ (Fig. 12D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is strongly downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 12C), almost forming a quarter circle (only moderately downcurved in males), and narrow in dorsal view, with only superficial punctures and carinae (rostrum slightly wider with strong punctures and carinae in males). The antennae are inserted at the apical ⅓ of the rostrum (apical ½ in males).

## Life history

This species develops on *Strelitzia nicolai* (Strelitziaceae), the larvae mine the floral peduncle. Adults stand hidden at the base and between the white petaloid sepals during the day. There is no indication that this species can develop from other species of the genus (SP obs.). *Strelitzia nicolai* flowers show a structure and a production of nectar typical of ornithophily and sunbirds (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) were identified as the main flower visitors and pollinators of this species (Frost & Frost 1981). Given the pollination activity in *Derelomus* and the general trend of phylogenetic conservatism of this behaviour at genus level (Haran *et al.* 2023a), the implication of this species as a co-pollinator would deserve investigations. Adults were collected from June to December.

**Fig. 12** (next page). Morphology, distribution and host plant of *Derelomus strelitziae* Haran sp. nov. **A–B**, **D–F**. Holotype, ♂ (Margate, Republic of South Africa) (JHAR01561-01, SANC). **C**. Paratype, ♀ (uMhlanga, Republic of South Africa) (JHAR01572-03, CBGP). **A**. Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C**. Habitus in lateral view. **D**. Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E**. Stridulatory plate. **F**. Right protibia with the internal comb of setae. **G**. Distribution and occupancy (dark segments) of flowers of *Strelitzia nicolai* Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae) by *Derelomus strelitziae* across southern Africa, in relation to the natural ranges of *S. nicolai* and the other two arborescent species of *Strelitzia*. Size of charts proportional to the number of inflorescences examined (minimum=6; maximum=63; inflorescences only examined if at least one flower open and not entirely dry). **H**. Inflorescences of *Strelitzia nicolai*. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–F not to scale.
<figure><img src="image_19.png" /><figcaption>D</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /><figcaption>F</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /><figcaption>E</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /><figcaption>B</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /><figcaption>C</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /><figcaption>G</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /><figcaption>H</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>
**Distribution**

*Derelomus strelitziae* sp. nov. follows the distribution range of its host along the southern coast of the Republic of South Africa (Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal & Western Cape provinces). Because the host plant of this species is naturally widespread, abundant, and commonly cultivated – and flowers throughout the year – it provided an ideal opportunity to assess the species' occupancy. During a dedicated field trip between May and August 2010, we surveyed as many inflorescences as possible at each location where the host plant, *Strelitzia nicolai*, was present across the genus' distribution range (Fig. 12G). Most *S. nicolai* specimens sampled were from natural populations, except in Plettenberg Bay and Barberton near Mbombela, where cultivated plants were included. The target species was found in all but one locality, with a frequency of occurrence ranging from 2% to 33% of flowers sampled. Its presence in areas where *S. nicolai* is not native indicates that *D. strelitziae* has expanded its range alongside its host. Flowers of *Strelitzia caudata* R.A. Dyer and *S. alba* (L.f.) Skeels could not be sampled during this study.

**Remarks**

This species is quite polymorphic, in some small males the protibial comb of setae is reduced. Phylogenetic analyses show that *D. strelitziae* sp. nov. together with *D. strangulatus* sp. nov. is one of the two most early diverging species in *Derelomus* (Fig. 33).

*Derelomus strangulatus* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4CE146C-B316-4745-877F-A183CB8EC5D3

Fig. 13

**Diagnosis**

*Derelomus strangulatus* sp. nov. can be distinguished based on the following combination of features: body very flat in lateral view, sides of pronotum strongly strangulate anteriorly, sexual dimorphism marked, protibiae of males with an internal comb of erect golden setae, females with a very narrow rostrum, 0.5 × as wide as in males. GenBank accession number for the corresponding DNA barcode: ON553437.

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the distinctly strangulated apex of the pronotum of this species, which is unique in the genus.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; "Republic of South Africa; WC Prov. [Western Cape Province] Pringle Bay; 28.xi.2019; J. Haran coll." "-34.347 18.826[34°20'49" S 18°49'34" E]; *Phoenix reclinata*; JHAR03077_0101; Cirad" "Holotype; *Derelomus*; *strangulatus*; Haran, 2025"; SAMC.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 7 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC. – **KwaZulu-Natal Province** • 1 ♀; St Lucia, Mission Rk; 28°13'12" S, 32°14'56" E; 13 Dec. 1975; *Phoenix reclinate*; E-Y: 971; Endrödy-Younga coll; TMSA.

**Description**

**Male**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.0–4.2 mm.
**COLOR.** Body integument pale to dark brown; scutellar shield, median line and sides of pronotum, rostrum, funicle darker; elytra often darker in middle; dorsum with minute recumbent yellowish setae, not contiguous.

**HEAD.** Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 4 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median one interrupted before antennal insertion, prolonged into an elongated smooth and shiny area; covered with short recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted at apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, with marked furrow surrounding posterior margin of eyes; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segment 1 slightly longer and wider than segment 2, 3–7 transverse, 5–7 and basal half of club usually darker.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.20), widest in basal ½ of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles; sides subparallel in basal ½, convex in apical ½, strongly strangulate near apical margin, constriction as wide as width of scape at apex; integument densely and irregularly punctate, space between punctures smooth, dull; setae only visible laterally, very small and recumbent, central area glabrous.

**ELYTRA.** Sides subparallel in basal ¾ of length (W : L ratio: 0.65); humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures 4 × narrower than interstriae; interstriae convex, convexity slightly more marked on interstriae 5–6; scutellar shield rounded, glabrous, integument shiny.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 6–7 granules ⅜ × as long as median line.

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward near apex, internal margin straight, carinate, bearing a comb of elongated golden setae as long as largest width of protibiae, extending from basal ¼ to apex; meso and metatibiae lacking comb, downcurved in apical ⅛; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.23), 2 × as long as apodemes, widest near base; sides subparallel in dorsal view, slightly converging apicad in basal ⅔ of length, convex in apical ⅓, apex truncate; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length, width narrowing apicad in apical ⅓ (Fig. 13D).

## Sexual dimorphism

See section Diagnosis for the main distinguishing features. The rostrum of females is also longer and more downcurved in lateral view than in males. The antennae are inserted near the middle of the length in females (at apical ¼ in males).

## Life history

*Derelomus strangulatus* sp. nov. was collected in several localities on the inflorescences of the wild date palm *Phoenix reclinata* (Arecaceae), which probably constitutes its host plant. Adults were collected in November and December.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to the Republic of South Africa in our current knowledge. It was found near the coast in KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces. The population in the Western Cape is out of the natural range of *P. reclinata* and probably results from an introduction of this weevil with its host widely planted for ornamental purpose.
A

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

D

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

E

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /></figure>

B

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

C

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

F

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

G

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>
**Remarks**

Phylogenetic analyses show that *D. strangulatus* sp. nov. together with *D. strelitziae* sp. nov. is one of
most early diverging species in *Derelomus* (Fig. 33).

*Derelomus zonatus* Marshall, 1950
Fig. 14

*Derelomus zonatus* Marshall, 1950: 263.

**Diagnosis**

This species belongs to the *D. nigrovariegatus* group, characterised by the combination of a glabrous
lateral carina on the pronotum, the large body length (generally beyond 3 mm) and the prosternum at
least partly dark brown. Within this species group, it can be distinguished by the contrasting transverse
dark band on the elytra and the prosternum with dark spots on the pale brown integument. The narrow
space between the granules of the stridulatory plate seems diagnostic for this species (although this
feature has not been examined for *D. nigrovariegatus*).

**Material examined**

**Lectotype** (here designated)

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • ♂; "Holotypus; *zonatus* ♂; Mrshl.[red label]" "Musée du Congo; Rutshuru[1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E]; -IV-1937; J. Ghesquière; 3966" "R. DET; AA5575" "Récolté dans; pulpe fr. *Phoenix; reclinata*" "*Derelomus; zonatus*, Mshl.; TYPE♂" "LECTOTYPE ♂; *Derelomus; zonatus*; Marshall, 1950; Haran des. 2025"; RMCA.

**Paralectotypes**

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • 1 ♀; Rutshuru; 1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E; Apr. 1937;
J. Ghesquière coll.; sampled in fruit pulp of *Phoenix reclinata*; 3966; RMCA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection
data as for preceding; NHMUK.

**Other material**

UGANDA • 1 ♀; Kawanda; 0°25'30" N, 32°32'24" E; 14 Apr. 1943; T.H.C. Taylor; NHMUK.

**Redescription** (♂)

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.3 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown, head capsule and rostrum, antennae and sometimes apex of femora brown; dark pattern on dorsum generally forming spots on sides of pronotum, a large transverse band near middle of length of elytra as well as at base and apex of even interstriae; dorsum with minute whitish setae, not contiguous, forming 2-3 rows on each interstria.

HEAD. Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 3.5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median carina more raised than others and split in two before antennal insertion;

Fig. 13 (preceding page). Habitus, habitat and host plant of *Derelomus strangulatus* Haran sp. nov. A–B, D–E. Holotype from Pringle Bay (Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa) (JHAR03077-0101, SAMC). C. Paratype, ♀ (same locality) (JHAR03077-11 SAMC). A. Habitus in dorsal view. B–C. Habitus in lateral view. D. Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. E. Stridulatory plate. F–G. Coastal subtropical forest of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of the Republic of South Africa, biotope for *Phoenix reclinate* Jacq., host of *Derelomus strangulatus*. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.
covered with minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; eyes convex, exceeding moderately lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to 2+3, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.28), widest near basal ⅓ of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles (0.8×); sides convex, with distinct constriction slightly beyond middle of length, abruptly converging in apical ¼, apical constriction as wide as width of scape at apex; integument densely punctate, space between punctures irregular, dull, as wide as or narrower than diameter of a puncture on dorsum; white setae shorter than diameter of punctures.

**ELYTRA.** Sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length (W:L ratio: 0.70); humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures 2× narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 5 more so, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, similar to integument of elytra, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 14–17 granules, about ½× as long as median line, not reaching apex of median area (Fig. 14F), space between granules as wide as diameter of a granule.

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate, bearing comb of elongated golden setae about as long as largest width of protibiae, extending over apical half (Fig. 14E); meso and metatibiae lacking comb of elongated setae; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.25), about 3× as long as apodemes; sides straight in dorsal view, widest near middle of length, converging apicad from apical ⅔, apex short acuminate spatula; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length, width narrowing apicad from middle of length, apex bisinuate (Fig. 14D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum, which is longer in lateral view, distinctly exceeding the length of the pronotum (Fig. 14C) and narrower in dorsal view. The antennae are inserted slightly before the apical ¼ of the rostrum length.

## Life history

Adults of this species were found in fruit pulp of *Phoenix reclinata*. This lifestyle is unusual for species of *Derelomus*, there is no clear indication that this palm is the host for larvae in this species. Adults were collected in April.

## Distribution

In our current knowledge, this species is restricted to the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo and to Uganda.

## Remarks

In the collection housed at RMCA, a specimen from Rutshuru labelled "*Derelomus zonatus* Mshl." and bearing a red type label was located. This specimen is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus zonatus* Marshall, 1950 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. Other specimens of the series were labelled as paralectotypes.
<figure><img src="image_35.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 14.** Habitus of *Derelomus zonatus* Marshall, 1950. **A–B, D–F.** Lectotype, ♂ (Democratic Republic of Congo). (RMCA). **C.** Paralectotype, ♀ (same locality) (RMCA). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Protibia of male. **F.** Stridulatory plate.
Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–F not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
*Derelomus brunneus* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A94696C-021D-42F7-96F9-544D9F9D3C03

Fig. 15

**Diagnosis**

Within the *D. nigrovariegatus* species group, this species can be distinguished by the uniformly brown integument (Fig. 15A). It is closest to *D. ater* Marshall, 1950, but the latter species has a black and shiny integument, and a rostrum less downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 16B–C).

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the uniformly dark brown integuments of this species.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • ♂; “Musée du Congo; Rutshuru[1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E]; -VIII-1937; J. Ghesquière; 4824” “Holotype; *Derelomus; brunneus*; Haran, 2025”, RMCA.

**Paratypes**

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Rutshuru; 1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E; Aug. 1937; J. Ghesquière coll.; male inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata*; 4824; RMCA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; data as for preceding; CBGP.

**Description (♂)**

**Male**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.0–4.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument uniformly brown; dorsum with minute recumbent yellowish setae, not contiguous, not concealing the integument.

HEAD. Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.05×), strongly and regularly downcurved, forming quarter of circle; in dorsal view 5.5 × as long as wide, integument densely striate punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median one wider, smooth and shiny; covered with minute, almost invisible, non-contiguous whitish setae; antennae inserted near apical 1/3 of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segment 1 and 2 subequal in length, 3–7 transverse, segment 1 of club as long as funicular segments 3–7.

PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.25), widest slightly before 1/2 of length, as wide there as elytra at humeral angles; sides convex, apical constriction as long as width of scape at apex; apical margin 2/3 as wide as basal margin; integument densely and irregularly punctate, space between punctures micropunctate, reticulate, shiny, usually narrower than diameter of punctures; setae minute, hardly visible, integument glabrous in appearance.

ELYTRA. Moderately elongate (W : L ratio: 0.71), sides subparallel in basal 2/3 of length; humeri raised; apex rounded, notched at level of suture; striae with punctures 1/2 to 1/3 as wide as width of interstriae; interstriae convex, interstria 9 forming a carina; scutellar shield rounded, dark brown, glabrous, punctate.

ABDOMEN. Underside with short recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate lacking distinct lines of granules, only with 3–4 blunt and hardly visible granules on basal 1/2 the median area (Fig. 15F).
<figure><img src="image_36.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 15.** Habitus of *Derelomus brunneus* Haran sp. nov. **A–B, D–F**. Holotype, ♂ (Democratic Republic of Congo) (RMCA). **C** Paratype, ♀ (same locality) (CBGP). **A** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C** Habitus in lateral view. **D** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E** Protibia of male. **F** Stridulatory plate.
Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–F not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
LEGS. Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical 1/3; internal margin of protibiae bisinuate, bearing in apical 1/2 comb of elongated golden setae as long as largest width of protibiae; meso and metatibiae lacking comb; claws simple.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.28), 1.3 × as long as apodemes, widest near apical 1/3; sides straight, slightly widening from base to apex, converging in apicad 1/4, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/3 of length, width widening from base to basal 1/3, then narrowing apicad (Fig. 15D).

**Sexual dimorphism**

The rostrum of females is narrower and less downcurved than in males in lateral view. The antennae are inserted near the apical 1/3 of the length in females (near apical 1/4 in males; Fig. 15B–C).

**Life history**

The only known series of this species was collected on male inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata*
(Arecaceae).

**Distribution**

In our current knowledge, this species is only known from the type locality in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its putative host is widely distributed across continental Africa.

*Derelomus ater* Marshall, 1950
Fig. 16

*Derelomus ater* Marshall, 1950: 262.

**Diagnosis**

This species can be distinguished by its uniformly black and shiny integument. It is closest to *D. brunneus*
sp. nov., but shows a rostrum less downcurved in lateral view. Body ratios, male genitalia and protibiae
also enable to distinguish these species (Figs 15D, 16D).

**Material examined**

Lectotype (here designated)

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • ♂; "Holotypus; *ater* ♂; Mrshl. [red label]" "Récolté dans fl. ♂ *Phoenix*; *reclinata*" "Musée du Congo; Rutshuru[1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E]; -VIII-1937; J. Ghesquière; 4823" "R. DET. Y. 5575" "*Derelomus*; *ater*. Mshl.; Type ♂" "LECTOTYPE ♂; *Derelomus*; *ater*; Marshall, 1950; Haran des. 2025"; RMCA.

Paralectotypes

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Rutshuru, Rutshuru; 1°11'06" N, 29°27'14" E; Aug. 1937; J. Ghesquière coll.; in male inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata*; 4823; RMCA • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CBGP.

Redescription (♂)

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.0–3.1 mm.

COLOR. Body integument uniformly dark brown or reddish brown, shiny; scape and first funicular segments reddish; dorsum with minute whitish setae, glabrous in appearance.
**HEAD.** Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 5.5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, covered with minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to 2+3, 3–4 isodiametric, 5–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.20), widest near middle of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles; sides convex, abruptly converging in apical ¼, apical constriction as wide as width of scape at apex; integument with scarce punctures, space between punctures smooth, shiny, generally larger than diameter of a puncture on dorsum; the minute white setae more visible laterally, about as long as width of punctures.

**ELYTRA.** Sides subparallel or slightly convex, widest near ⅜ of length (W : L ratio: 0.64); humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae flat, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, similar to integument of elytra, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 4 granules, about ½ × as long as median line (Fig. 16F).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate, bearing a comb of elongated golden setae about as long as largest width of protibiae, extending over apical ⅓ (Fig. 16E); meso and metatibiae lacking comb of elongated setae; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.30), about as long as apodemes; sides straight in dorsal view, widest base, converging moderately and regularly apicad, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ½ of length, width narrowing apicad from basal ⅓ (Fig. 16D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is longer in lateral view, distinctly exceeding the length of the pronotum (Fig. 16C) and narrower in dorsal view. The antennae are inserted on the apical 2/5 of the rostrum length, 1/4 in males).

## Life history

Specimens used to describe this species were collected on male inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata* (Arecaceae), which probably constitutes the larval host.

## Distribution

*Derelomus ater* is only known from the type locality in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

## Remarks

In the collection housed at RMCA, a specimen from Rutshuru labelled "*Derelomus ater* Mshl." and bearing a red type label was located. This specimen is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus ater* Marshall, 1950 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. Other specimens of the series were labelled as paralectotypes.
<figure><img src="image_37.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 16.** Habitus of *Derelomus ater* Marshall, 1950. **A–B, D–F.** Paralectotype, ♂ (Democratic Republic of Congo) (RMCA). **C.** Paralectotype, ♀ (same locality) (RMCA). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Protibia of male. **F.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar A–C=1 mm; D–F not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
*Derelomus nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936
Fig. 17

*Derelomus nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936: 484.

**Diagnosis**

This species belongs to the *D. nigrovariegatus* group, characterised by the combination of a glabrous lateral carina on the pronotum, the large body length (generally beyond 3 mm) and the prosternum at least partly dark brown. Within this species group, it can be distinguished by the moderately convex eyes in dorsal view, slightly exceeding the lateral curve of the head capsule (Fig. 17A), while they are distinctly convex in other species.

**Material examined**

**Lectotype** (here designated)

ETHIOPIA • ♀; "Type [red label]" "TYPE [red label]" "Abyssinia; Mt. Chillálo,; Forest.[ 7°54'25" N, 39°13'52" E]; circa 8,500ft.; 24.xi.1926; Dr. H. Scott" "Brit. Mus.; 1927-127" "specimen figured" "♂" "Box 19" "*Derelomus*; *nigrovariegatus*; m.; Hustache det." "Lectotype ♀; *Derelomus*; *nigrovariegatus*; Hustache, 1936; J. Haran des. 2025"; NHMUK.

**Paralectotypes**

ETHIOPIA • 1 ♀; Chilalo Mountain; 7°54'25" N, 39°13'52" E; 24 Nov. 1926; H. Scott coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Djem-Djem forest [Guinchi]; 9°03'00" N, 38°12'00" E; 22 Sep. 1926; H. Scott coll.; "var. enfumée" [brown variety]; NHMUK.

**Redescription** (♀)

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 4.5 mm.

COLOR. Body integument dark brown, scape and base of funicle, central area of elytra and humeral angles pale brown; dorsum with minute downcurved whitish setae, contiguous or subcontiguous, forming 1–3 rows on interstriae.

HEAD. Rostrum longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.2 ×), moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view about 5 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median carina more raised than others and split in two before antennal insertion; covered with minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; forehead with suberect setae longer and more condensed near eyes; eyes moderately convex, slightly exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to 2+3, 3–6 isodiametric, 7 transverse.

PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.30), widest near base, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles (0.8 ×); sides slightly convex, with a distinct constriction beyond middle of length, moderately and regularly converging apicad from basal ¼ of length, apical constriction as wide as width of scape at apex; integument coarsely punctate, space between punctures irregular, dull, narrower or wider than diameter of a puncture on dorsum; white setae as long as diameter of punctures.

ELYTRA. Sides subparallel in basal ⅔ of length (W:L ratio: 0.61); humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures 2 × narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, similar to integument of elytra, with long whitish setae not concealing integument.
**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, subcontiguous.

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate; claws simple.

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 17.** *Derelomus nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936, holotype, ♀ from Ethiopia (NHMUK). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B.** Habitus in lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.</figcaption></figure>
**Life history**

Unknown.

**Distribution**

Ethiopia.

**Remarks**

In the collection housed at NHMUK, a specimen from Mount Chillalo labelled "*Derelomus nigrovariegatus* m." by the hand of Hustache was located. This specimen is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus nigrovariegatus* Hustache, 1936 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. Contrary to what is stated in the description, this specimen is a female. Other specimens of the series were labelled as paralectotypes.

***Derelomus trinotatus*** group

*Derelomus trinotatus* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6525170-681A-490F-94D1-EBE34A646806

Fig. 18

**Diagnosis**

This species can be distinguished by the contrasting black head and the three dark spots on the dorsum.
The very acute apex of the penis in dorsal view is also unique among the *Derelomus* of the studied area.
GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcode: PV698483–84.

**Etymology**

The species is named in reference to the three dark spots on its dorsum. This peculiar pattern is specific to this species.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

CAMEROON • ♂; "Museum Paris; CAMEROUN; Yaoundé [3°51'50" N 11°27'22" E]; Dr Noël 1922"
"Holotype. *Derelomus; trinotatus*; Haran 2025"; MNHN.

**Paratypes**

CAMEROON • 1 ♀; Yaoundé, Nkolbisson Research station; 3°51'50" N, 11°27'22" E; 29 Nov. 1966;
P.B. De Miré coll.; light trap; JHAR07436; CBGP • 1 ♀; sampling data as for preceding; 17 Nov. 1966;
JHAR07437; CBGP • 1 ♀; sampling data as for preceding; 6 Jun. 1966; JHAR07438; CBGP.

GABON • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; La Lopé National Park; 0°11'29" N, 11°36'36" E; 1 Nov. 2023; J. Haran and R. Allio coll.; light trap (Lepiled) in canopy (30 m) 9:30–10 pm; JHAR06422-23; CBGP.

LIBERIA • 2 ♀♀; Suakoko; 6°59'28" N, 9°35'07" W; 13 Jan. 1952; Blickenstaff coll.; USNM.

NIGERIA • 1 ♀; Ibadan; 7°21'58" N, 3°54'58" E; 26 Sep. 1956; at light; G.H. Caswell coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ife; 7°28'13" N, 4°32'24" E; 11 Jan. 1971; J.T. Medler; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 20 Jan. 1970; J.T. Medler; NHMUK.

**Description (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.0–3.5 mm.
**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, head, club and scutellar shield dark brown; pattern on dorsum forming large spot at base on pronotum, near scutellar shield and two large spots near middle of elytral length, between interstriae 2–7; dorsum with minute whitish setae, not contiguous, forming 2–3 rows on interstriae.

**HEAD.** Rostrum slightly shorter than pronotum in lateral view (0.9×), moderately downcurved, curvature stronger in basal 1/3 of length; in dorsal view about 4× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median carina similar to others, split in two before antennal insertion; covered with minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted slightly beyond apical 1/4 of length in lateral view; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; forehead glabrous; eyes strongly convex, strongly exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segments 1 and 2 subequal in length, first 1.5× as long as wide, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.45), widest near middle of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles (0.8×); sides strongly convex, with distinct constriction followed by tooth beyond middle of length, moderately and regularly converging apicad from apical 1/3 of length, apical constriction narrower than width of scape at apex; integument coarsely punctate, space between punctures smooth, shiny, micropunctate, narrower than diameter of a puncture; white setae in each puncture shorter than diameter of punctures on dorsum, almost invisible.

**ELYTRA.** Short (W:L ratio: 0.82); sides convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures 1–3× narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae flat, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, with short whitish setae not concealing integument.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with series of about 13–15 granules, forming slightly curved lines about 0.5× the length of median area; apex of median area rounded (Fig. 18E).

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.25), slightly shorter than apodemes, widest near base in dorsal view; sides convex, widening moderately from base to 1/2 of length and then converging apicad, apex acuminate; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing apicad from basal 1/3 (Fig. 18D).

## Sexual dimorphism

The rostrum of females is narrower and less downcurved than in males in lateral view. The antennae are inserted near the apical 1/3 of the length in females (slightly beyond apical 1/4 in males; Fig. 18B–C).

## Life history

Adults were collected with a UV light trap in the canopy in Gabon (LepiLED). They are active in January, June, September and October.

## Distribution

Cameroon, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria.
<figure><img src="image_39.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 18.** Habitus of *Derelomus trinotatus* Haran sp. nov. **A–B, D–E.** Holotype, ♂ (Cameroon) (MNHN). **C.** Paratype, ♀ (Cameroon) (JHAR07436-01, CBGP). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
**Derelomus fasciatus group**

*Derelomus fasciatus* Hartmann, 1904

Fig. 19

*Derelomus fasciatus* Hartmann, 1904: 404.

*Derelomus fasciatus* – Haran *et al.* 2022a (phylogenetic relationships); 2023a (life history).

**Diagnosis**

This species can be distinguished by its narrow body, the pronotum being isodiametric and the elytra elongate (W:L ratio: 0.6), its long and narrow rostrum, longer than the pronotum in lateral view, and simple claws. In most specimens, the dark pattern on the elytra forms a spot at the base of each elytron and a bisinuate transverse strip near the middle of the length. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: OK188823/OK283507/ON553434–35.

**Material examined**

**Lectotype** (here designated)

TANZANIA • ♀; “Usambara [Tanzania]; Kraatz.[Ernst Gustav Kraatz, german entomologist]” “1; 04” “*Derelomus; fasciatus* Htm” “SYNTYPUS” “Samml K. F. Hartmann; Ankauf 1941.1” “Staatl. Museum für; Tierkunde Dresden” “LECTOTYPE ♀; *Derelomus; fasciatus*; Hartmann, 1904; Haran des. 2025”; MTD.

**Paralectotypes**

TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Usambara mountains; 4°44'56" N, 38°27'00" E; E.G. Kraatz coll.; MTD • 2 ♀♀; Usambara mountains; 4°44'56" N, 38°27'00" E; E.G. Kraatz coll.; “Ankauf, 1900, J. Faust coll.”; MTD.

**Other material**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – **Western Cape Province** • 2 ♂♂, 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Gansbaai, Grootbos Private Nature Reserve; 34°32'24" S, 19°29'25" E; 10 Aug. 2018; J. Haran coll.; beating flowers of *Searsia glauca* (Thunb.)Moffett (Anacardiaceae); JHAR01252; CBGP • 2 ♂, 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Malgas; 34°18'00" S, 20°34'48" E; 26 Aug. 2018; J. Haran coll.; beating flowers of *Searsia* sp.; JHAR01476; CBGP.

TANZANIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for lectotype; MTD • 3 ♂♂; Ukerewe Island; 2°02'35" S, 33°00'18" E; P.A. Conrade coll.; NHMUK.

**Redescription** (♂)

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.0–2.2 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown; pattern on dorsum forming transverse and curved dark band near middle of length of elytra reaching sides laterally and dark spot at base of interstriae 4–5 of each elytron; dorsum glabrous.

HEAD. Rostrum longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.3×), almost straight in lateral view; in dorsal view about 5.5× as long as wide, integument densely and finely punctate, forming 5 superficial longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median carina similar to others, split in two before antennal insertion; covered with scattered minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical 1/3 of length in lateral view; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view; forehead glabrous; eyes convex, strongly exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segment 1 as long as 2+3, 1.5× as long as wide, 3–4 isodiametric, 5–7 transverse.
**PRONOTUM.** Moderately transverse (W:L ratio: 1.15), widest near apical 1/3 of length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles (0.8×); sides convex, widening regularly apicad in basal 2/3 and converging abruptly in apical 1/3, lateral carina smooth, lacking constriction or tooth, apical constriction shallow narrower than width of scape at apex; integument punctate, space between punctures dull, micropunctate and reticulate, narrower or wider than diameter of a puncture.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.45); sides subparallel in basal 1/2, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex rounded, not contiguous; striae with punctures 2-3× narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, with short whitish setae not concealing integument.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with series of 4-5 granules, forming lines converging apicad, as long as 0.75× the length of median area; apex of median area rounded (Fig. 19E).

**LEGS.** Profemora thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae almost straight, curved inward in apical 1/5 only; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.20), about 2× as long as apodemes, widest near base in dorsal view; sides straight, converging moderately and regularly apicad, apex forming short and rounded spatula; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing apicad from basal apical 1/4 of length, apex curved upward (Fig. 19D).

## Sexual dimorphism

The rostrum of females is distinctly longer (1.6× as long as pronotum in lateral view) and more downcurved than in males. The antennae are inserted near the apical 1/3 of the length in females (near 1/5 in males; Fig. 19B-C).

## Life history

This species was found on inflorescences and infructescences of *Searsia glauca* and an unidentified *Searsia* (Anacardiaceae) in the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. *Searsia* in anthesis tends to attract a lot of insects, including weevils, not always associated with this bush at larval stages. However, several observations suggest that this species is restricted to *Searsia*: it was collected during daytime and at night on this plant only, at several sites and never recorded on flowers of the surrounding vegetation despite intensive search. Also, the specimens collected in Gansbaai consisted of ill-sclerotized and thus recently emerged individuals likely performing a maturation feeding on their host.

## Distribution

South coast of the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa, and Tanzania.

## Remarks

In the Faust-Hartmann collection housed at MTD, a syntypic series of four female specimens under the name *Derelomus fasciatus* and bearing the labels "Usambara" and "Kraatz" as reported in the original description was located. One of the specimens of this series was designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus fasciatus* Hartmann, 1904 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. *Derelomus fasciatus* as treated here may be a complex of closely related species or lineages in process of speciation. The Tanzanian and South African populations show slight differences (based on the very few specimens available); in the latter, the rostrum is slightly shorter and less downcurved, the pronotum is more convex laterally and the antennal club is pale brown. Also, a single female from South Africa (JHAR01252) exhibits a contrasting body and rostrum shape with specimens of the same series. This specimen likely corresponds to a distinct species.
<figure><img src="image_40.png" /><figcaption>B</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /><figcaption>C</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /><figcaption>D</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_43.png" /><figcaption>E</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_44.png" /><figcaption>F</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_45.png" /><figcaption>G</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_46.png" /></figure>
## *Derelomus languidus* group

*Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844

Fig. 20

*Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844: 93.

*Derelomus rectirostris* Hustache, 1937: 218. **Syn. nov.**

*Prosoestus rectirostris* – Lepesme 1947 (key, biology).

## Diagnosis

*Derelomus languidus* can be distinguished by its very long rostrum, almost (♂) or equal (♀) to 2 × the length of pronotum in lateral view, and the uniform pale brown color of the integuments, or only with darker shadings on the sides and at the apex of the elytra. This species is similar in size and general aspect to *D. strangulatus* sp. nov., but in the latter side of the pronotum is deeply strangled apically (only narrowed in *D. languidus*).

## Material examined

### Lectotype of *Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 (here designated)

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “TYPUS [red label]” “cap. b. sp. [cape of good hope]; Drège” “LECTOTYPE ♂; *Derelomus*; *languidus*; Fåhraeus, 1844; Haran des. 2025” “*Derelomus*; *languidus*; Fåhraeus 1844; Haran des. 2025” “Naturhistorika Riksmuseet; Stockholm; Loan no 136/03”; NHRS.

### Holotype of *Derelomus rectirostris* Hustache, 1937

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • ♂; “♂” “Holotypus [red label]” “Récolté dans; fruits de; *Phoenix*” “Musée du Congo; Rutshuru[1°11'04" N 29°27'14" E]; -I-1937; J. Ghesquière; 3651” “dét.; KK; 3245” “*Derelomus*; *rectirostris* m.[me]; Hustache det.” “Holotype ♂; *Derelomus*; *rectirostris*; Hustache, 1937; Haran des. 2025” “*Derelomus*; *languidus*; Fåhraeus, 1844; Haran det. 2025”; RMCA.

### Paralectotypes

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; Cape of Good Hope; Drège coll.; NHRS • 1 ♀; Cape de Bonne espérance [Cape of Good Hope]; Schoenherr 1836; cotype *D. languidus*; MNHN.

### Paratypes (*D. rectirostris*)

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • 1 (sex not determined, head and pronotum missing); Rutshuru; 1°11'04" N, 29°27'14" E; Jan. 1937; J. Ghesquière coll.; from fruits of *Phoenix* sp.; 3651; RMCA.

### Other material

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO • 3 ♀♀; Rutshuru; 1°11'04" N, 29°27'14" E; May 1937; J. Ghesquière coll.; RMCA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; South Kivu, Mulungu; 2°54'32" S, 27°55'34" E; 30 Sep. 1938; Hendrickx coll.; A.663; RMCA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; NHMUK.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 2 ♀♀; South Africa [no precise locality]; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; [no precise locality]; Péringey coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; [no precise locality]; NMB. – *Western Cape Province* • 1 ♀; 1 (sex not determined); Cap. b. spé. [Cape of Good Hope], “Kapland”; NMB. – *Eastern Cape Province* • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Kentani; 32°30'29" S, 28°19'37" E; 1907; A. Pegler

**Fig. 19** (preceding page). Habitus and life history of *Derelomus fasciatus* Hartmann, 1904. **A–B, D–E. ♂** (Republic of South Africa) (JHAR01252-01, CBGP). **C. ♀** (same locality) (JHAR01252-02, CBGP). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. **F.** Habitat of *Searsia glauca* (Thunb.) in Gansbaai in the Republic of South Africa. **G.** Young infructescences of *Searsia glauca* on which adults were collected. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm; D–E not to scale.
coll.; SAM-COL-A050315; SAMC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; SAM-COL-A050314; SAMC • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Mbotyi, 31°27'11" S, 29°44'49" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; on female inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata*; JHAR04159; CBGP. – *KwaZulu-Natal Province* • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Mtwalume; 30°29'41" S, 30°37'27" E; 18 Jun. 1921; TMSA • 1 ♀; “natal” [no precise location]; 1930; Sicard coll.; MNHN • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Empangeni; 28°46'06" S, 31°53'07" E; 2 Apr. 1923; reared from seeds of *Phoenix reclinata*; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Empangeni; 28°46'06" S, 31°53'07" E; 12 May 1923; C.P. Lounsbury coll.; reared from seeds of palm, *Phoenix* ?; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Umtentweni; 30°43'14" S, 30°28'16" E; Jul. 1951; A.L. Capener; NHMUK.

**Redescription (♂)**

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 3.2–4.0 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, rostrum, sides and apex of elytra sometimes darker; dorsum glabrous in appearance, bearing minute whitish setae only visible on sides at high magnification.

**HEAD.** Rostrum distinctly longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.6×), only slightly downcurved in lateral view; in dorsal view about 7× as long as wide, integument densely and finely punctate, forming 5 superficial longitudinal carinae from eyes to antennal insertion, median carina broader than others, split in two before antennal insertion; covered with scattered minute recumbent and non-contiguous whitish setae oriented transversally; antennae inserted near apical 1/3 of length in lateral view; head capsule coarsely punctate in dorsal view, puncture contiguous; forehead glabrous, with slight cuticular depression in middle; eyes convex, exceeding moderately lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with segment 1 as long as 2+3, 3× as long as wide, 3–7 longer than wide.

**PRONOTUM.** Transverse (W:L ratio: 1.35), widest near base or on basal 2/3 length, slightly narrower there than elytra at humeral angles (0.85×); sides slightly convex, subparallel or converging regularly apicad in in basal 2/3, converging abruptly in apical 1/3, lateral carina forming small constriction and tooth beyond middle of length, apical constriction shallow, about as wide as width of scape at apex; integument punctate, space between punctures dull, micropunctate, generally narrower than diameter of a puncture on dorsum; setae shorter than diameter of a puncture, only visible laterally.

**ELYTRA.** Elongate (W:L ratio: 0.68); sides slightly convex, subparallel in basal 1/2, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex rounded, contiguous or not contiguous; striae with punctures about 2× narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae slightly convex, 9 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, glabrous.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside covered with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with series of 2–4 ill-defined granules, forming short lines about 0.5× as long as length of median area; apex of median area rounded (Fig. 20E).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, meso- and metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half, internal margin of protibiae bisinuate, claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.23), about 3.5× as long as apodemes, widest near base in dorsal view; sides slightly concave, narrowest beyond middle of length, widening apicad in apical 1/3, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature slightly stronger in basal 1/2 of length, width narrowing apicad from in apical 1/3 of length (Fig. 20D).

**Fig. 20** (next page). Habitus and life history of *Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844. **A–B, D–E.** ♂ (Mbotyi, Republic of South Africa) (JHAR04159-02, CBGP). **C.** ♀ (Kentani, Republic of South Africa) (SAMC). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. **F.** Natural habitat of *Phoenix reclinata* Jacq. in coastal habitat of the southern coast of the Republic of South Africa. **G–H.** Adult of *D. languidus* on female inflorescence of *P. reclinata*. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.
<figure><img src="image_47.png" /><figcaption>B</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_48.png" /><figcaption>C</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_49.png" /><figcaption>F</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_50.png" /><figcaption>G</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_51.png" /><figcaption>H</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_52.png" /></figure>
**Sexual dimorphism**

The rostrum of females is distinctly longer (2 × as long as pronotum in lateral view) and more
downcurved than in males. The antennae are inserted near the middle of the length (near the apical 1/3 in
males; Fig. 20B–C).

**Life history**

*Derelomus languidus* develops in the fruits of *Phoenix reclinata* (Arecaceae; Lepesme 1947), adults are found on female inflorescences of this palm. This species is active in December and January, and from April to July.

**Distribution**

In our current knowledge, this species is known from the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo and from the coastal regions of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. Its host is widely distributed in continental Africa.

**Remarks**

In the collection housed at NHRS, a male and a female specimen under the name *Derelomus languidus*
"Schr. Fhr" and bearing a label of the type locality [Cape of Good Hope] were located. The male
specimen of this syntypic series (fitted with a red type label) is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus
languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. The examination of the series
of *Derelomus rectirostris* Hustache, 1937 (Democratic Republic of Congo) revealed no significant
morphological difference with the series of *Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844 from the Republic of
South Africa. The specimens from the Democratic Republic of Congo are slightly smaller (about 3 mm
long versus 4 in *D. languidus* from the Republic of South Africa), the antennae are inserted slightly
beyond the apical 1/3 of the length and the pronotum is less transverse. However, these variations are
common between populations from central-eastern and southern Africa in *Derelomus* and the examination
of the internal structures revealed no significant differences between the two series. As a result, the
species name *Derelomus rectirostris* Hustache, 1937 is proposed as a junior synonym [new synonymy]
of *Derelomus languidus* Fåhraeus, 1844. This species shows some affinities with the *D. nigrovariegatus*
group (large size, arrangement of granules on the stridulatory plate and development on inflorescences
of *P. reclinata*) but it is kept in a distinct group here due to the peculiar shape of the body of the penis,
the size of the apodemes, the absence of a comb of seta on the protibiae of the males and the prosternum
uniformly pale brown.

**Derelomus ephippiger group**

This is the largest and possibly a non-monophyletic species group in *Derelomus*. Stable and simple
synapomorphies to define it were not identified in the context of this study. The following combination
of features should enable to distinguish this clade from the rest of the genus: lateral carina on pronotum
glabrous, claw simple, prosternum uniformly pale brown (except in dark specimens of *D. chamaeropis*),
head concolorous or slightly darker than pronotum and stridulatory plate with compact lines of granules,
space between granules as wide or narrower than diameter of a granule. Species in this group are
generally either longer than 2.5 mm with dark patterns on the elytra or with costate elytra and never
lack these three features combined. The majority of species also exhibits the following features: presence
of a post-ocular dark strip, lateral carina on pronotum with distinct notch or tooth near middle of length,
pronotum distinctly transverse (W: L ratio at least 1.36) and elytra in males very wide, lens or pear-
shaped with 5th interstriae raised (see *D. piriformis*). This group is widely distributed in the study area
and includes twelve species associated with male inflorescences of various palms (*Chamaerops* L.,
*Cocos* L., *Phoenix* L.; Arecaceae). Many species are found in sympatry, apparently sharing the same host
and tissue. Several species concepts show geographic variants possibly corresponding to distinct species
that would deserve more investigation.
*Derelomus brevis* Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F93E8F55-43FD-4E61-8395-929270522401

Fig. 21

**Diagnosis**

In the *D. ephippiger* group, this species can be distinguished by its comparatively short elytra, at most 2.4 × as long as the pronotum (at least 2.45 × longer in other species). The dark pattern on the elytra is variable, but it always covers at least the base of interstriae 1–7, which is unique among species in this group. GenBank accession number for the corresponding DNA barcode: ON553436.

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the short elytra of this species.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

KENYA • ♂; "KENYA. Gazi[4°25'44" S 39°30'04" E] x.1956. ♂ flowers. *Cocos nucifera*. 2714" "C.I.E. Coll. No. 17370" "Press by. Com Inst Ent. B M 1960 2" "Holotype ♂. *Derelomus. brevis*. Haran 2025"; NHMUK.

**Paratypes**

KENYA • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Gazi; 4°25'44" S, 39°30'04" E; Oct. 1956; on male flowers of *Cocos nucifera* L. (Arecaceae); 2714; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gazi; 4°25'44" S, 39°30'04" E; Sep. 1956; on male flowers of *Cocos nucifera* (Arecaceae); 2714; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Muhaka station; 4°18'57" S, 39°32'24" E; 19 Aug. 2020; E. Deletre coll.; on inflorescences of *Mangifera indica* L. (Anacardiaceae); JHAR03278; CBGP.

MAYOTTE ISLAND (FRANCE) • 1 ♀; 18 Jan. 2010; light trap; Mn3/100117.120; DM.

REUNION ISLAND (FRANCE) • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sainte Marie; 20°53'54" S, 55°32'56" E; 28 Mar. 2010; C. Lemagnen coll.; UV light trap in a garden; R. 297; DM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Jan. 2011; DM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 1 Jan. 2019; EL • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 5 Jan. 2019; EL • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2018; EL • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 24 Feb. 2018; EL • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 6 Sep. 2018; DM • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Feb. 2022; JHAR07812; CBGP.

TANZANIA • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Zanzibar Island; 6°03'14" S, 39°12'36" E; 1956; in debris of coconuts; 151; NHMUK.

**Description (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.8–3.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument pale brown to brown, with post-ocular dark spots and dark patterns on dorsum generally forming two transverse strips on elytra, one at base between interstriae 1–7 and one slightly after middle of length, the latter sometimes reduced to small spot on each elytron; elytra and pronotum with minute recumbent whitish setae, glabrous in appearance.

HEAD. Rostrum as long as pronotum in lateral view, moderately and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view about 3 × as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae (upper margin of scrobes excluded); antennae inserted near apical 1/6 of length; head capsule densely punctate in dorsal view, forehead flat or slightly concave; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal
<figure><img src="image_53.png" /><figcaption>B</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_54.png" /><figcaption>C</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_55.png" /><figcaption>F</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_56.png" /><figcaption>G</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_57.png" /><figcaption>D</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_58.png" /><figcaption>E</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_59.png" /></figure>
view; antennal funicle with first segment 2 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–4 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.50), widest near base, almost as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, side slightly rounded, converging apicad, generally with a tooth or a notch near apical 2/5, apical constriction deep; integument with punctures rounded, space between punctures smooth, dull, generally wider than diameter of punctures.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna glabrous.

**ELYTRA.** Moderately longer than wide (W : L ratio: 0.75–0.85); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures 1/2 as wide as width of interstriae; interstriae flat, 5 generally convex, contrasting with the rest of interstriae, 9 raised into carina, at least in apical half; scutellar shield rounded, glabrous, pale brown, sometimes with sides darker.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside uniformly pale brown, similar in color to dorsum. Stridulatory plate with lines of 12–13 granules 3/4 × as long as median line from base. Central sclerotized area broad and rounded at base (Fig. 21E).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal bisinuate, with a comb of setae on apical half, setae about as long as 4th tarsomere, metatibiae slightly curved outward in apical half; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.25), 1.5 × as long as apodemes; sides subparallel in dorsal view, narrowing in apical 1/5, apex rounded; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal 1/3 of length, width narrowing regularly from middle of length to apex (Fig. 21D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished by the rostrum which is slightly longer in lateral view than in males (Fig. 21C) and by the interstriae 5 never convex or contrasting.

## Life history

Series of this species were collected on male flowers of *Cocos nucifera* (Arecaceae) and in debris of this palm. Adults were sporadically found on inflorescences of *Mangifera indica* L. (Anacardiaceae) and *Beaucarnea recurvata* (K.Koch & Fintelm.)Lem. (Liliaceae; E. Lemagnen pers. com.). Adults fly by night and are attracted by UV lights. They are active from January to March, in August, September and October.

## Distribution

Coastal regions of Kenya and Tanzania and La Reunion and Mayotte islands. In La Reunion, this species has only been collected since 2010, suggesting a rather recent introduction on this island (E. Lemagnen pers. com.).

**Fig. 21** (preceding page). Habitus and life history of *Derelomus brevis* Haran sp. nov. **A–B**, **D–E**. Holotype, ♂ (Kenya) (NHMUK). **C**. Paratype, ♀ (Reunion Island) (EL). **A**. Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C**. Habitus in lateral view. **D**. Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E**. Stridulatory plate. **F–G**. Natural habitat and male inflorescence of *Cocos nucifera* L. in coastal habitat of Kenya. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.
*Derelomus antonioui* Alziar, 2007
Fig. 22

*Derelomus antonioui* Alziar, 2007: 109.

*Derelomus antonioui* – Haran *et al.* 2022a (phylogenetic relationship).

**Diagnosis**

This species shows a typical elytral pattern, generally forming two dark spots on the suture, one at the base and a second beyond the middle of the length. In the *D. ephippiger* group, it can be distinguished by its very long rostrum, about 7× as long as wide in dorsal view in the male (only 5× in *D. peglerae* sp. nov.) and its stridulatory plate with bisinuate lines of the granules (Fig. 22E). The specimens lacking dark spots on the elytra resemble *D. piriformis*, but in the latter species, the rostrum of the male is much shorter (4.5–5× as long as wide) and the male's protibiae bear an internal comb of elongate setae (absent in *D. antonioui*). GenBank accession number for the corresponding DNA barcode: OK188822.

**Material examined**

**Holotype**

REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS • ♂; “Chypre [Republic of Cyprus], Polémi (Paphos) [34°53'10" N 32°30'34" E]; 31-III-2007; sur une inflorescence mâle de [on male inflorescence of] *Phoenix canariensis*; G. Alziar et J.-M. Lemaire leg.”; MNHN.

**Paratypes**

REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; Polémi, Paphos; 34°53'10" N, 32°30'34" E; 31 Mar. 2007; G. Alziar and J.-M. Lemaire coll.; on *Phoenix canariensis* H.Wildpret.; MNHN. See full list of paratypes and depositories in Alziar (2007).

**Other material**

REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS • 7 ♂, 1 ♀; Polémi, Paphos; 34°53'10" N, 32°30'34" E; 31 Mar. 2007; G. Alziar and J.-M. Lemaire coll.; on male inflorescence of *Phoenix canariensis*; JHAR03279; CBGP • 10 ♂, 6 ♀; Alambra; 34°59'21" N, 33°24'04" E; 12 May 1997; Y. Antoniou coll.; feeding in palm flowers; NHMUK.

NORTHERN CYPRUS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gazimağusa, Yeni Iskele, Long Beach; 35°15'00" N, 33°54'10" E; 29 Apr. 2015; H. Mendel coll.; among palm flowers; JHAR03280, MBNH(E)2015-112; NHMUK.

SAUDI ARABIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Taief [Taif]; 21°16'23" N, 40°27'32" E; 25 Jan. 1958; Fathy Shalaby coll.; on pollen grain of palm tree; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Taief [Taif]; 21°16'23" N, 40°27'32" E; Feb. 1958; Fathy Shalaby coll.; on pollen grain of palm tree; NHMUK.

**Redescription (♂)**

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.0–4.0 mm.

COLOR. Body integument uniformly pale brown to brown, generally with post-ocular dark strip and two dark spots on elytral suture, one at base and one beyond middle of length of interstriae 1–4; rostrum generally darker apicad; elytra and pronotum with minute recumbent whitish setae, glabrous in appearance.

HEAD. Rostrum distinctly longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.2×), slightly and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view about 7× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae;
<figure><img src="image_60.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 22.** Habitus and host plant of *Derelomus antonioui* Alziar, 2007. **A–B, D–E.** ♂ (Cyprus) (NHMUK). **C.** ♀ (Cyprus) (NHMUK). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. **F–G.** *Phoenix dactylifera* L., putative host of *Derelomus antonioui*. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm; D–G not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length; head capsule densely punctate in dorsal view, forehead flat or slightly concave; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2.5 × as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2–7 isodiametric.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W : L ratio: 1.37–1.5), widest near base, almost as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, side slightly rounded, converging apicad, forming notch or blunt tooth near middle of length; apical constriction deep or superficial; integument with punctures rounded, space between punctures smooth, shiny, micropunctate, wider than diameter of punctures in middle, narrower laterally.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with recumbent white setae, non-contiguous.

**ELYTRA.** Longer than wide (W : L ratio: 0.73); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex rounded, notched at level of suture; striae with punctures about ¼ as wide as width of interstriae; interstriae flat or slightly convex, 5 raised into carina; scutellar shield rounded, pale brown or dark brown, coated with small recumbent scales.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside uniformly pale brown, with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 12 granules ¾ × as long as median line from base, bisinuate. Central sclerotized area narrow, distinctly longer than wide, rounded at base (Fig. 22E).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal bisinuate, setae on apical half of internal margin recumbent, at most as long as claws; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W : L ratio: 0.18), 3.5 × as long as apodemes; sides subparallel in dorsal view, narrowing in apical ⅓, apex acuminate; in lateral view curvature stronger in basal ⅓ of length, width narrowing regularly from apical ⅓, apex bisinuate (Fig. 22D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum, which is slightly narrower in dorsal view, with the integument shinier and more downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 22C). The antennae are inserted at the apical ⅔ of the rostrum (¼ in males; see Alziar 2007).

## Life history

Adults were collected in high numbers on male inflorescences of *Phoenix canariensis* (Arecaceae), a species native to Canary Island introduced to Cyprus, but there is no direct evidence that this weevil uses this palm as host for larval development. Other specimens were found on *Phoenix dactylifera* L., also without details on larval development. Alziar (2007) suggested that *P. dactylifera* could be the ancestral host of *D. antonioui* that subsequently shifted on *P. canariensis* once introduced to Cyprus. The record of this species in Saudi Arabia, where *P. dactylifera* is widespread, agrees with this hypothesis. Note that a palm endemic to the eastern Mediterranean region (Greece and Turkey), *Phoenix theophrasti* Greuter, also occurs near Cyprus with no record of associated *Derelomus* species yet. Adults of *D. antonioui* were recorded from January to May.

## Distribution

Island of Cyprus and Saudi Arabia.

## Remarks

The color pattern, shape of the elytra and the pronotum, and the apex of the body of the penis are quite variable in this species (Alziar 2007).
*Derelomus postfasciatus* Hesse, 1929
Fig. 23

*Derelomus postfasciatus* Hesse, 1929: 527.

*Derelomus postfasciatus* – Haran *et al.* 2022b (phylogenetic relationships); 2023a (life history).

**Diagnosis**

In the *D. ephippiger* group, this species can be distinguished by its typical elytral pattern, forming a large and contrasting dark spot beyond the middle of the length on each elytron, sometimes merged in a transverse strip and by the body of the penis which is very elongate with the sides concave. This species looks similar to *D. chamaeropis*, but in the latter species, the elytra are always uniformly pale brown without pattern. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: ON553425–26

**Material examined**

**Lectotype** (here designated)

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; "Kentani [Eastern Cape Province, 32°31'05" S 28°19'30" E]; 1907; Miss Pegler" "South Africa; Kentani, 1907; Miss Pegler [Alice M. Pegler, south african entomologist and botanist, see Etymology section under *Derelomus peglerae*]" "TYPE [red label]" "*Derelomus*; *postfasciatus* Hesse" "Lectotype ♂; *Derelomus*; *postfasciatus*; Hesse, 1929; Haran des. 2025"; SAMC.

**Paralectotypes**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape Province • 8 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; Kentani; 32°31'05" S, 28°19'30" E; 1907; Pegler coll.; SAM-ENT-4035; SAMC • 10 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NZAC.

**Other material**

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Limpopo Province • 2 ♂♂; Hans Merensky Nature Reserve; 23°41'42" S, 30°40'05" E; 23–25 Jan. 1987; R. Oberprieler coll.; collected on leaves of *Phoenix reclinata*; SANC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nwanedi Provincial Park; 22°37'34" S, 30°24'22" E; 8 Feb. 1994; R. Oberprieler coll.; collected from *Phoenix reclinata*; SANC • 1 ♂; Mmabolela Estate; 22°37'52" S, 28°16'34" E; 7 Mar. 1973; Endrödy-Younga coll.; air plankton; E-Y: 18; TMSA. – Eastern Cape Province • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Kentani; 32°31'05" S, 28°19'30" E; 1927; Pegler coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Mbotyi campsite; 31°27'54" S, 29°43'48" E; Dec. 2009; Ş. Procheş coll.; male and female inflorescences of *Phoenix* sp.; JHAR07432; CBGP. – Western Cape Province • 1 ♂; 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch; 33°55'48" S, 18°52'30" E; 18 Jul. 2018; J. Haran coll.; on flowers of *Buddleja auriculata* Franch. (Buddlejaceae); JHAR01180; CBGP • 3 ♂♂; Pringle Bay; 34°21'00" S, 18°49'48" E; 28 Nov. 2019; J. Haran coll.; on male inflorescence of *Phoenix reclinata*; JHAR03078-02; CBGP • 1 ♀; Cape colony [exact locality ?]; 1910; C.W. Mally; NHMUK.

**Redescription** (♂)

**MEASUREMENTS.** Body length 2.2–2.8 mm.

**COLOR.** Body integument pale brown, post-ocular area, apex of rostrum, antennal club and scutellar shield dark brown, each elytron with a dark spot beyond middle of length, usually extending between interstriae 2 and 7, in some specimens forming contiguous transverse dark band between interstriae 9; elytra and pronotum with minute recumbent whitish setae, glabrous in appearance.
**HEAD.** Rostrum distinctly longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.15×), slightly and regularly downcurved; in dorsal view about 6× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length in lateral view; head capsule densely punctate in dorsal view, forehead flat or slightly concave; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2× as long as wide, equal in length to segments 2–3 together, 2–4 isodiametric, 5–7 transverse.

**PRONOTUM.** Wider than long (W:L ratio: 1.25), widest near middle of length or in basal ⅓, 0.85× as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, converging apicad in apical ½, lateral carina forming notch near middle of length; apical constriction deep; integument with punctures rounded, space between punctures smooth, shiny, micropunctate, wider than diameter of punctures in middle, narrower laterally.

**METATHORAX.** Metanepisterna with recumbent white setae, non-contiguous.

**ELYTRA.** Longer than wide (W:L ratio: 0.73); sides slightly convex, widest near middle of length; humeri raised; apex jointly rounded; striae with punctures about ⅓–¼ as wide as width of interstriae; interstriae slightly convex; scutellar shield rounded, coated with few small recumbent scales.

**ABDOMEN.** Underside uniformly pale brown, with minute recumbent whitish setae, not contiguous. Stridulatory plate with lines of 8 granules ⅔× as long as median line from base, slightly convex. Central sclerotized area wide, transverse, truncate at base (Fig. 23E).

**LEGS.** Profemora moderately thickened near middle of length; protibiae with external margin straight, internal bisinuate, setae on apical half of internal margin recumbent, at most as long as claws; claws simple.

**TERMINALIA.** Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio: 0.23), about 2× as long as apodemes; sides concave in dorsal view, widest near base, widening apicad from apical ⅓ and then narrowing from apical ½ of length, apex forming a spatula; in lateral view curvature slightly stronger in basal ½ of length, width narrowing regularly from apical ⅔, apex slightly curved upward (Fig. 23D).

## Sexual dimorphism

Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum which is longer (1.3× as long as pronotum in lateral view, about 7–8× as long as wide in dorsal view), more downcurved and with a shinier integument (Fig. 23C). The antennae are inserted at the apical ⅔ of the rostrum (near the apical ¼ in males).

## Life history

Adults are found on the male inflorescences of *Phoenix reclinata* (Arecaceae), which probably constitutes the habitat for larvae. This species is active during the day, sporadically recorded visiting flowers of various bushes. Adults were recorded from July to March.

## Distribution

Endemic to the Republic of South Africa in our current knowledge. Recorded from the coastal regions of the Eastern and Western Cape provinces and inland in the Limpopo Province.

## Remarks

In the collection housed at SAMC, a male specimen from Kentani (Republic of South Africa), bearing the red type label and identified as *Derelomus postfasciatus* by the hand of A.J. Hesse, was located. This specimen is designated as the lectotype for *Derelomus postfasciatus* Hesse, 1929 [here designated] and was labelled accordingly. The other specimens of this series were labelled as paralectotypes.
<figure><img src="image_61.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 23.** Habitus of *Derelomus postfasciatus* Hesse, 1929. **A–B, D–E.** ♂ (Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province) (JHAR01180-01, CBGP). **C.** ♀ (Republic of South Africa, Limpopo Province) (SANC). **A.** Habitus in dorsal view. **B–C.** Habitus in lateral view. **D.** Penis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. **E.** Stridulatory plate. Scale bar: A–C=1 mm; D–E not to scale.</figcaption></figure>
*Derelomus chamaeropis* (Fabricius, 1798)
Fig. 24

*Curculio chamaeropis* Fabricius, 1798: 167.

*Ochrinulus antigae* Reitter, 1887: 18.

*Derelomus subcostatus* Boheman, 1844: 92. **Syn. nov.**

*Derelomus chamaeropis* — Schoenherr 1825 (systematics). — Lepesme 1947 (key). — Veyret 1940 (biology).

*Derelomus chamaeropis* var. *B* — Gyllenhal 1836.

*Derelomus chamaeropsis* [misspelling] — Anstett 1999. — Dufaşy *et al*. 2002. — Dufaşy & Anstett 2004 (life history). — Haran *et al*. 2022a (phylogenetic relationships).

**Diagnosis**

This species can be distinguished from others of the *D. ephippiger* group by the combination of the pronotum almost as wide as the elytra near the middle of the length and the elytra comparatively elongate (W:L ratio: 0.68–0.77), lacking a contrasting dark pattern and with interstriae 9 flat in females, not enlarged in males. This species is closely related and sometimes sympatric with *D. piriformis*, but in the latter species, males have very convex elytra and a comb of setae on the protibiae (side of elytra only slightly convex and protibiae lacking comb in *D. chamaeropis*) and the females have a longer and narrower rostrum (Fig. 25B–D). Uncorrected *p*-distances between these species range from 8.0 to 8.8%. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: OK188812–13/PV698448–49–51–54–55–57–60–61–63–68–73/ (not an exhaustive list).

**Material examined**

**Holotypes**

MOROCCO • ♀; “Tanger.; Schousboe. [Peder K. A. Schousboe, Danish diplomat and botanist based in Morocco]; Mus: S: & T.L: [collection Sehestedt & Tonder Lund; former Copenhagen collection of Fabricius types]” “TYPE” “ZMUC00037405” “Holotype ♀; *Curculio; chamaeropis*; Fabr. 1798; des. J. Haran 2025” “*Derelomus; chamaeropis*; (Fabr. 1798); J. Haran 2025”; ZMK.

COUNTRY (?) • ♀; “Barbaria [Northern coast of Africa, from Morocco to Lybia]; Mus: T: Lund. [collection Sehestedt & Tonder Lund; former Copenhagen collection of Fabricius types]” “TYPUS [red label]” “Holotype ♀; *Derelomus; chamaeropis*; var. β (beta); Gyllenhal 1836 [G. Kuschel’s label]” “*Derelomus; chamaeropis*; (Fabr. 1798); Kuschel 2005 [G. Kuschel’s label]” “Naturhistorika; Riksmuseet; Stockholm; NHRS.

ITALY • ♂; “Ménétr. [Edouard Ménétries, french entomologist at St. Petersburg Academy of Science]” “Géné.; Sardinia [Carlo Giuseppe Gené, italian entomologist at the Royal Zoological Museum, Turin]” “TYPUS [red label]” “647” “*Derelomus; chamaeropis*; Sardinia; Mannerheim. [Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, finish governor and entomologist]” “Holotype ♂; *Derelomus; subcostatus*; Boheman, 1844; Haran des. 2025” “*Derelomus; chamaeropis*; (Fabr. 1789); Haran des. 2025” “Naturhistorika; Riksmuseet; Stockholm”; NHRS.

**Other material**

ALGERIA • 2 ♀♀; Souk Tlata, “Dradek”; 35°03'43" N, 2°00'00" E; collector and date unknown;
CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Algiers; 36°48'11" N, 3°00'32" E; collector and date unknown; NHRS • 1 ♂;
Mascara; 35°23'39" N, 0°09'39" E; H. Lucas coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Oran; 35°41'52.8" N 0°40'08.4" W;
1906; C.H. Coquerel coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Oran; 35°41'53" N, 0°40'08" W; G. Allard coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂;
[locality ?]; NMB • 1 ♀; [locality ?]; NHMUK • 1 ♀; no precise locality; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK •
1 ♀; Misserghin; 5°36'54" N, 0°44'46" W; NHMUK.
FRANCE • 1 ♂; Banyuls sur Mer; 42°28'23" N, 3°06'57" E; 28 Mar. 2013; C. Chauvelier coll.; JHAR07412; CBGP • 1 ♂; Palavas les Flots; 43°31'34" N, 3°55'54" E; 15 Apr. 2022; J. Haran coll.; inflorescences of ornemental *Chamaerops humilis*; JHAR04762; CBGP • 1 ♂; Montpellier, Jardin des plantes; 10 May 1997; 43°36'50" N, 3°52'20" E; S. Piry coll.; *Chamaerops humilis*; SPc.6031; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Toulon, jardin d'acclimatation; 43°31'45" N, 6°56'18" E; May 1928; De Boissy coll.; male flowers of *Chamaerops*; MNHN • 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Alpes Maritimes, Mandelieu; 43°31'52" N, 6°56'14" E; May 1940; on *Chamaerops humilis*; MNHN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Var, la Garde; 43°07'38" N, 6°01'26" E; 11 May 1929; P. Veyret coll.; PW • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Var, la Garde; 43°07'38" N, 6°01'26" E; May 1932; P. Veyret coll.; PW • 1 ♀; Corse, Ile-Rousse; 42°37'56" N, 8°56'21" E; 6 Apr. 2016; J. Haran coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR02984; CBGP • 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sète; 43°24'29" N, 3°42'11" E; 18 May 2024; J. Haran coll.; larvae in rachis of male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR07980; CBGP.

ITALY • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 8 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Palermo; 38°11'35" N, 13°16'38" E; 2022; M. Hossaert coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR04886; CBGP • 1 ♂; Sicily [no precise locality]; 37°17'46" N, 14°09'54" E1847; L. Benoit coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Sicily [no precise locality]; 37°17'46" N, 14°09'54" E; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 11 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Borgo Casellazzo; 38°02'46" N, 12°51'30" E; 11 Apr. 2024; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR08306; CBGP • 50 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Cornino; 38°05'54" N, 12°39'40" E; 14–16 Apr. 2024; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR08307; CBGP • 1 ♀, 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Pantelleria Island; 36°46'30" N, 11°57'51" E; 22 Apr. 2023; T. Auffray coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR05699; CBGP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Genova, Pegli; 44°25'30" N, 8°48'36" E; 15 May [year ?]; S. Solari coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Genova, Pegli; 44°25'30" N, 8°48'36" E; 5 May 1915; S. Solari coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Gallipoli; 40°03'14" N, 17°59'24" E; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Bari; 41°07'45" N, 16°51'58" E; 27 Apr. 2024; J. Haran coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR07851; CBGP.

MOROCCO • 1 ♀; Larache; 35°10'16" N, 6°10'05" W; 1885; De La Roche coll.; 265; MNHN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; South Asni; 31°12'51" N, 7°58'01" W; 18 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; "friche" [wasteland] *Chamaerops*; JHAR07413; CBGP • 1 ♀; Haut Atlas, 18 km S of Demnat; 31°35'46" N, 6°59'52" W; 1600 m a.s.l.; 21 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; JHAR07414; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Mgoun, Azizal; 31°27'36" N, 6°33'00" W; 21 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; JHAR07415; CBGP • 1 ♂; Khénifra, Azrou; 33°25'55" N, 5°11'29" W; A. Thery coll.; CBGP • 1 ♂; Korifla [?]; A. Thery coll.; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀; Tanger area; 35°47'39" N, 5°51'21" W; 1857; Favier coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47'39" N, 5°51'21" W; 1915; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47'39" N, 5°51'21" W; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Tangier; 35°47'39" N, 5°51'21" W; Schill coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47'39" N, 5°51'21" W; J.J. Walker coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Khénifra; 32°57'00" N, 5°40'38" W; 19 Apr. 2006; J. Pelletier coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR03220; CBGP • 1 ♀; no precise locality; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 spec. (sex undetermined); S of Berkane, N of Ain-es-Sfa, Beni Snassen Mts; 34°49'52" N, 2°08'46" W; 13 May 2011; P. Stuben coll.; beating *Chamaerops humilis*; (identification by genetic assignation, GenBank acc. KC783895); ZFMK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ras Foughal [Jbel Foughal]; 34°49'59" N, 2°12'00" W; 20 May 1932; Vidal coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Maâmora Forest; 34°08'53" N, 6°36'07" W; Theory coll.; NMB.

PORTUGAL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Serra de Espinnaço do cao; 37°16'55" N, 8°44'00" W; 8 Jun. 1989; J. Pelletier coll.; 300 m a.s.l.; RB • 1 ♀; Lisboa; 38°41'53" N, 9°13'23" W; Flach. coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Madeira; Ribeiro Frio; 32°43'56" N, 16°53'10" W; Balachowsky coll.; MNHN.

SPAIN • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cabo de Palos; 37°37'09" N, 0°42'51" W; 2 Mar. 2001; J. Pelletier coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR04643; CBGP • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 20 specs (preserved in ethanol); Garraf; 41°15'26" N, 1°54'29" E; 20 Apr. 2022; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR04764; CBGP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 11 Apr. 1998; S. Piry coll.; *Chamaerops humilis*; SPc.6535-36/66-67; CBGP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Barcelona; 41°21'32" N, 2°09'43" E; 17 Apr. 2013; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of *C. humilis*; JHAR04784; CBGP • 1 ♀; Barcelona; 41°21'32" N, 2°09'43" E;