44. Alkhouri, N.B.; Mutka, M.C.; Stefanak, M.P.; Bearer, C. The Impact of COVID-19 on Manuscript Submissions to Pediatric Research. *Pediatr. Res.* **2021**, *90*, 6–7. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

45. DeJong, J.T.; Mortensen, B.M.; Martinez, B.C.; Nelson, D.C. Bio-Mediated Soil Improvement. *Ecol. Eng.* **2010**, *36*, 197–210. [CrossRef]

46. Stocks-Fischer, S.; Galinat, J.K.; Bang, S.S. Microbiological Precipitation of CaCO₃. *Soil Biol. Biochem.* **1999**, *31*, 1563–1571. [CrossRef]

47. DeJong, T.J.; Michael, B.F.; Nüsslein, K.; DeJong, J.T.; Fritzges, M.B.; Nüsslein, K. Microbially Induced Cementation to Control Sand Response to Undrained Shear. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2006**, *132*, 1381–1392. [CrossRef]

48. Santhosh, K.R.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Bang, S.S. Remediation of Concrete Using Microorganisms. *ACI Mater. J.* **2001**, *98*, 3–9. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

49. van Paassen, L.A.; Ghose, R.; van der Linden, T.J.M.M.; van der Star, W.R.L.L.; van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.M. Quantifying Biomediated Ground Improvement by Ureolysis: Large-Scale Biogrout Experiment. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2010**, *136*, 1721–1728. [CrossRef]

50. Harkes, M.P.; van Paassen, L.A.; Booster, J.L.; Whiffin, V.S.; van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.M. Fixation and Distribution of Bacterial Activity in Sand to Induce Carbonate Precipitation for Ground Reinforcement. *Ecol. Eng.* **2010**, *36*, 112–117. [CrossRef]

51. Al Qabany, A.; Soga, K.; Santamarina, C.; Al Qabany, A.; Soga, K.; Santamarina, C. Factors Affecting Efficiency of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2012**, *138*, 992–1001. [CrossRef]

52. Cheng, L.; Cord-Ruwisch, R.; Shahin, M.A. Cementation of Sand Soil by Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation at Various Degrees of Saturation. *Can. Geotech. J.* **2013**, *50*, 81–90. [CrossRef]

53. Al Qabany, A.; Soga, K.; Al Qabany, A.; Soga, K. Effect of Chemical Treatment Used in MICP on Engineering Properties of Cemented Soils. *Geotechnique* **2013**, *63*, 331–339. [CrossRef]

54. Mortensen, B.M.; Haber, M.J.; Dejong, J.T.; Caslake, L.F.; Nelson, D.C. Effects of Environmental Factors on Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *J. Appl. Microbiol.* **2011**, *111*, 338–349. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

55. De Muynck, W.; Verbeken, K.; De Belie, N.; Verstraete, W. Influence of Urea and Calcium Dosage on the Effectiveness of Bacterially Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Limestone. *Ecol. Eng.* **2010**, *36*, 99–111. [CrossRef]

56. Whiffin, V.S.; van Paassen, L.A.; Harkes, M.P. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation as a Soil Improvement Technique. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2007**, *24*, 417–423. [CrossRef]

57. Whiffin, V.S. Microbial CaCO₃ Precipitation for the Production of Biocement. Ph.D. Thesis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 2004; p. 20.

58. Ma, G.; Xiao, Y.; Fan, W.; Chu, J.; Liu, H. Mechanical Properties of Biocement Formed by Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Acta Geotech.* **2022**, *17*, 4905–4919. [CrossRef]

59. Su, J.; Zhang, R.; Hu, X.; Ali, A.; Wang, Z. Calcium Precipitation to Remove Fluorine in Groundwater: Induced by *Acinetobacter* sp. H12 as a Template. *Korean J. Chem. Eng.* **2022**, *39*, 655–663. [CrossRef]

60. Wang, Z.; Su, J.; Hu, X.; Ali, A.; Wu, Z. Isolation of Biosynthetic Crystals by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Their Utilization for Fluoride Removal from Groundwater. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2021**, *406*, 124748. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

61. Zambare, N.M.; Lauchnor, E.G.; Gerlach, R. Controlling the Distribution of Microbially Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in Radial Flow Environments. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2019**, *53*, 5916–5925. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

62. Deng, X.; Yuan, Z.; Li, Y.; Liu, H.; Feng, J.; de Wit, B. Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Microbial Mixed Backfill. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2020**, *265*, 120643. [CrossRef]

63. Ding, X.; Yang, Z. Knowledge Mapping of Platform Research: A Visual Analysis Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. *Electron. Commer. Res.* **2020**, *22*, 787–809. [CrossRef]

64. Liu, J.; Zhou, C. Permeability-Porosity Relation during Erosion-Induced Water Inrush: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. *Transp. Geotech.* **2023**, *38*, 100893. [CrossRef]

65. Williams, S.L.; Kirisits, M.J.; Ferron, R.D. Influence of Concrete-Related Environmental Stressors on Biomineralizing Bacteria Used in Self-Healing Concrete. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2017**, *139*, 611–618. [CrossRef]

66. Mirshahmohammad, M.; Rahmani, H.; Maleki-Kakelar, M.; Bahari, A. Effect of Sustained Service Loads on the Self-Healing and Corrosion of Bacterial Concretes. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2022**, *322*, 126423. [CrossRef]

67. Chaparro, S.; Rojas, H.A.; Caicedo, G.; Romanelli, G.; Pineda, A.; Luque, R.; Martínez, J.J. Whey as an Alternative Nutrient Medium for Growth of *Sporosarcina pasteurii* and Its Effect on CaCO₃ Polymorphism and Fly Ash Bioconsolidation. *Materials* **2021**, *14*, 2470. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

68. Mitchell, A.C.; Ferris, F.G. The Coprecipitation of Sr into Calcite Precipitates Induced by Bacterial Ureolysis in Artificial Groundwater: Temperature and Kinetic Dependence. *Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta* **2005**, *69*, 4199–4210. [CrossRef]

69. Levett, A.; Gagen, E.J.; Vasconcelos, P.M.; Zhao, Y.; Paz, A.; Southam, G. Biogeochemical Cycling of Iron: Implications for Biocementation and Slope Stabilisation. *Sci. Total Environ.* **2020**, *707*, 136128. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

70. Makinda, J.; Kassim, K.A.; Ahmad, K.; Muhammed, A.S.; Zango, M.U. Hydraulic Conductivity and Calcium Carbonate Content of Biocemented Heavy-Metal Contaminated Mine Waste Soil. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Disaster Mitigation and Management (ICDMM 2021), Padang, Indonesia, 30 September–1 October 2021; Comfort, L., Saravanan, S., Sengara, I.W., Fauzan, E., Eds.; EDP Sciences: Les Ulis, France, 2021; Volume 331, p. 03001.
71. Cheng, L.; Shahin, M.A. Stabilisation of Oil-Contaminated Soils Using Microbially Induced Calcite Crystals by Bacterial Flocs. *Geotech. Lett.* **2017**, *7*, 146–151. [CrossRef]

72. Tobler, D.J.; Maclachlan, E.; Phoenix, V.R. Microbially Mediated Plugging of Porous Media and the Impact of Differing Injection Strategies. *Ecol. Eng.* **2012**, *42*, 270–278. [CrossRef]

73. Liu, P.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, Q.; Shi, S. Bioremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils by Microbially-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Its Effects on Ecotoxicity and Long-Term Stability. *Biochem. Eng. J.* **2021**, *166*, 107856. [CrossRef]

74. Daryono, L.R.; Nakashima, K.; Kawasaki, S.; Titisari, A.D.; Barianto, D.H.; Suyanto, I.; Rahmadi, A. Biomineralization of an Artificial Beachrock Based on Urease Microbial Activities for Coastal Risk Prevention. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Biosciences and Medical Engineering 2019: Towards Innovative Research and Cross-Disciplinary Collaborations, ICBME 2019, Bali, Indonesia, 11–12 April 2019; Mahat, N.A., Wahab, R.A., Huyop, F.Z., Keyon, A.S.A., Attan, N.B., Chandren, S., Gunam, I.B.W., Eds.; AIP Publishing LLC: Melville, NY, USA, 2019; Volume 2155, p. 020046.

75. Xiao, Y.; He, X.; Wu, W.; Stuedlein, A.W.; Evans, T.M.; Chu, J.; Liu, H.; van Paassen, L.A.; Wu, H. Kinetic Biomineralization through Microfluidic Chip Tests. *Acta Geotech.* **2021**, *16*, 3229–3237. [CrossRef]

76. Ekprasert, J.; Fongkaew, I.; Chainakun, P.; Kamngam, R.; Boonsuan, W. Investigating Mechanical Properties and Biocement Application of CaCO₃ Precipitated by a Newly-Isolated *Lysinibacillus* sp. WH Using Artificial Neural Networks. *Sci. Rep.* **2020**, *10*, 16137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

77. Zhang, L.V.; Nehdi, M.L.; Suleiman, A.R.; Allaf, M.M.; Gan, M.; Marani, A.; Tuyan, M. Crack Self-Healing in Bio-Green Concrete. *Compos. B Eng.* **2021**, *227*, 109397. [CrossRef]

78. Zhang, J.; Su, P.; Li, L. Bioremediation of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge through Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Chemosphere* **2022**, *298*, 134213. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

79. Song, C.; Elsworth, D. Strengthening Mylonitized Soft-Coal Reservoirs by Microbial Mineralization. *Int. J. Coal Geol.* **2018**, *200*, 166–172. [CrossRef]

80. de Rezende, I.M.; Prietto, P.D.M.; Thomé, A.; Dalla Rosa, F. Mechanical Behavior of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Cemented Sand. *Geotech. Geol. Eng.* **2022**, *40*, 1997–2008. [CrossRef]

81. Hu, Q.; Wang, Z. Experimental Study on Microbial Solidification of Gravel-Containing Silty Clay under Different Calcium Sources. *Geofluids* **2022**, *2022*, 7321869. [CrossRef]

82. Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Soga, K.; DeJong, J.T.; Kabla, A.J. Microscale Investigations of Temperature-Dependent Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) in the Temperature Range 4–50 °C. *Acta Geotech.* **2022**, *18*, 2239–2261. [CrossRef]

83. Lu, C.; Li, Z.; Wang, J.; Zheng, Y.; Cheng, L. An Approach of Repairing Concrete Vertical Cracks Using Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Driven by Ion Diffusion. *J. Build. Eng.* **2023**, *73*, 106798. [CrossRef]

84. Li, J.; Wang, Z.; Su, J.; Wang, X.; Ali, A.; Li, X. Microbial Induced Calcium Precipitation by *Zobellella denitrificans* sp. LX16 to Simultaneously Remove Ammonia Nitrogen, Calcium, and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Reverse Osmosis Concentrates. *Environ. Res.* **2024**, *240*, 117484. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

85. Amidi, S.; Wang, J. Surface Treatment of Concrete Bricks Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2015**, *80*, 273–278. [CrossRef]

86. Phillips, A.J.; Lauchnor, E.; Eldring, J.; Esposito, R.; Mitchell, A.C.; Gerlach, R.; Cunningham, A.B.; Spangler, L.H. Potential CO₂ Leakage Reduction through Biofilm-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 142–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

87. Yang, Y.; Chu, J.; Liu, H.; Cheng, L. Improvement of Uniformity of Biocemented Sand Column Using CH3COOH-Buffered One-Phase-Low-PH Injection Method. *Acta Geotech.* **2023**, *18*, 413–428. [CrossRef]

88. Jin, B.; Wang, S.; Lei, Y.; Jia, H.; Niu, Q.; Dapaah, M.F.; Gao, Y.; Cheng, L. Green and Effective Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Water Using CaCO₃ Vaterite Synthesized through Biomineralization. *J. Environ. Manag.* **2024**, *353*, 120136. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

89. Huang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, J.; Hei, Y.; Xu, Z.; Su, J. Experimental Study on Pore Pressure Variation and Erosion Stability of Sandy Slope Model under Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Sustainability* **2023**, *15*, 2650. [CrossRef]

90. Seto, J.; Azaïs, T.; Cölfen, H. Formation of Aragonitic Layered Structures from Kaolinite and Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Precursors. *Langmuir* **2013**, *29*, 7521–7528. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

91. Seto, J.; Picker, A.; Chen, Y.; Rao, A.; Evans, J.S.; Cölfen, H. Nacre Protein Sequence Compartmentalizes Mineral Polymorphs in Solution. *Cryst. Growth Des.* **2014**, *14*, 1501–1505. [CrossRef]

92. Bachmeier, K.L.; Williams, A.E.; Warmington, J.R.; Bang, S.S. Urease Activity in Microbiologically-Induced Calcite Precipitation. *J. Biotechnol.* **2002**, *93*, 171–181. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

93. Canet, C.; Prol-Ledesma, R.M.; Melgarejo, J.C.; Reyes, A. Methane-Related Carbonates Formed at Submarine Hydrothermal Springs: A New Setting for Microbially-Derived Carbonates? *Mar. Geol.* **2003**, *199*, 245–261. [CrossRef]

94. Chekroun, K.B.; Rodríguez-Navarro, C.; González-Muñoz, M.T.; Arias, J.M.; Cultrone, G.; Rodríguez-Gallego, M. Precipitation and Growth Morphology of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Myxococcus Xanthus: Implications for Recognition of Bacterial Carbonates. *J. Sediment. Res.* **2004**, *74*, 868–876. [CrossRef]

95. Mozley, P.S.; Davis, J.M. Internal Structure and Mode of Growth of Elongate Calcite Concretions: Evidence for Small-Scale, Microbially Induced, Chemical Heterogeneity in Groundwater. *Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.* **2005**, *117*, 1400–1412. [CrossRef]
71. Cheng, L.; Shahin, M.A. Stabilisation of Oil-Contaminated Soils Using Microbially Induced Calcite Crystals by Bacterial Flocs. *Geotech. Lett.* **2017**, *7*, 146–151. [CrossRef]

72. Tobler, D.J.; Maclachlan, E.; Phoenix, V.R. Microbially Mediated Plugging of Porous Media and the Impact of Differing Injection Strategies. *Ecol. Eng.* **2012**, *42*, 270–278. [CrossRef]

73. Liu, P.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, Q.; Shi, S. Bioremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils by Microbially-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Its Effects on Ecotoxicity and Long-Term Stability. *Biochem. Eng. J.* **2021**, *166*, 107856. [CrossRef]

74. Daryono, L.R.; Nakashima, K.; Kawasaki, S.; Titisari, A.D.; Barianto, D.H.; Suyanto, I.; Rahmadi, A. Biomineralization of an Artificial Beachrock Based on Urease Microbial Activities for Coastal Risk Prevention. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Biosciences and Medical Engineering 2019: Towards Innovative Research and Cross-Disciplinary Collaborations, ICBME 2019, Bali, Indonesia, 11–12 April 2019; Mahat, N.A., Wahab, R.A., Huyop, F.Z., Keyon, A.S.A., Attan, N.B., Chandren, S., Gunam, I.B.W., Eds.; AIP Publishing LLC: Melville, NY, USA, 2019; Volume 2155, p. 020046.

75. Xiao, Y.; He, X.; Wu, W.; Stuedlein, A.W.; Evans, T.M.; Chu, J.; Liu, H.; van Paassen, L.A.; Wu, H. Kinetic Biomineralization through Microfluidic Chip Tests. *Acta Geotech.* **2021**, *16*, 3229–3237. [CrossRef]

76. Ekprasert, J.; Fongkaew, I.; Chainakun, P.; Kamngam, R.; Boonsuan, W. Investigating Mechanical Properties and Biocement Application of CaCO₃ Precipitated by a Newly-Isolated *Lysinibacillus* sp. WH Using Artificial Neural Networks. *Sci. Rep.* **2020**, *10*, 16137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

77. Zhang, L.V.; Nehdi, M.L.; Suleiman, A.R.; Allaf, M.M.; Gan, M.; Marani, A.; Tuyan, M. Crack Self-Healing in Bio-Green Concrete. *Compos. B Eng.* **2021**, *227*, 109397. [CrossRef]

78. Zhang, J.; Su, P.; Li, L. Bioremediation of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge through Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Chemosphere* **2022**, *298*, 134213. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

79. Song, C.; Elsworth, D. Strengthening Mylonitized Soft-Coal Reservoirs by Microbial Mineralization. *Int. J. Coal Geol.* **2018**, *200*, 166–172. [CrossRef]

80. de Rezende, I.M.; Prietto, P.D.M.; Thomé, A.; Dalla Rosa, F. Mechanical Behavior of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Cemented Sand. *Geotech. Geol. Eng.* **2022**, *40*, 1997–2008. [CrossRef]

81. Hu, Q.; Wang, Z. Experimental Study on Microbial Solidification of Gravel-Containing Silty Clay under Different Calcium Sources. *Geofluids* **2022**, *2022*, 7321869. [CrossRef]

82. Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Soga, K.; DeJong, J.T.; Kabla, A.J. Microscale Investigations of Temperature-Dependent Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) in the Temperature Range 4–50 °C. *Acta Geotech.* **2022**, *18*, 2239–2261. [CrossRef]

83. Lu, C.; Li, Z.; Wang, J.; Zheng, Y.; Cheng, L. An Approach of Repairing Concrete Vertical Cracks Using Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Driven by Ion Diffusion. *J. Build. Eng.* **2023**, *73*, 106798. [CrossRef]

84. Li, J.; Wang, Z.; Su, J.; Wang, X.; Ali, A.; Li, X. Microbial Induced Calcium Precipitation by *Zobellella denitrificans* sp. LX16 to Simultaneously Remove Ammonia Nitrogen, Calcium, and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Reverse Osmosis Concentrates. *Environ. Res.* **2024**, *240*, 117484. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

85. Amidi, S.; Wang, J. Surface Treatment of Concrete Bricks Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2015**, *80*, 273–278. [CrossRef]

86. Phillips, A.J.; Lauchnor, E.; Eldring, J.; Esposito, R.; Mitchell, A.C.; Gerlach, R.; Cunningham, A.B.; Spangler, L.H. Potential CO₂ Leakage Reduction through Biofilm-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 142–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

87. Yang, Y.; Chu, J.; Liu, H.; Cheng, L. Improvement of Uniformity of Biocemented Sand Column Using CH3COOH-Buffered One-Phase-Low-PH Injection Method. *Acta Geotech.* **2023**, *18*, 413–428. [CrossRef]

88. Jin, B.; Wang, S.; Lei, Y.; Jia, H.; Niu, Q.; Dapaah, M.F.; Gao, Y.; Cheng, L. Green and Effective Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Water Using CaCO₃ Vaterite Synthesized through Biomineralization. *J. Environ. Manag.* **2024**, *353*, 120136. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

89. Huang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, J.; Hei, Y.; Xu, Z.; Su, J. Experimental Study on Pore Pressure Variation and Erosion Stability of Sandy Slope Model under Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Sustainability* **2023**, *15*, 2650. [CrossRef]

90. Seto, J.; Azaïs, T.; Cölfen, H. Formation of Aragonitic Layered Structures from Kaolinite and Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Precursors. *Langmuir* **2013**, *29*, 7521–7528. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

91. Seto, J.; Picker, A.; Chen, Y.; Rao, A.; Evans, J.S.; Cölfen, H. Nacre Protein Sequence Compartmentalizes Mineral Polymorphs in Solution. *Cryst. Growth Des.* **2014**, *14*, 1501–1505. [CrossRef]

92. Bachmeier, K.L.; Williams, A.E.; Warmington, J.R.; Bang, S.S. Urease Activity in Microbiologically-Induced Calcite Precipitation. *J. Biotechnol.* **2002**, *93*, 171–181. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

93. Canet, C.; Prol-Ledesma, R.M.; Melgarejo, J.C.; Reyes, A. Methane-Related Carbonates Formed at Submarine Hydrothermal Springs: A New Setting for Microbially-Derived Carbonates? *Mar. Geol.* **2003**, *199*, 245–261. [CrossRef]

94. Chekroun, K.B.; Rodríguez-Navarro, C.; González-Muñoz, M.T.; Arias, J.M.; Cultrone, G.; Rodríguez-Gallego, M. Precipitation and Growth Morphology of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Myxococcus Xanthus: Implications for Recognition of Bacterial Carbonates. *J. Sediment. Res.* **2004**, *74*, 868–876. [CrossRef]

95. Mozley, P.S.; Davis, J.M. Internal Structure and Mode of Growth of Elongate Calcite Concretions: Evidence for Small-Scale, Microbially Induced, Chemical Heterogeneity in Groundwater. *Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.* **2005**, *117*, 1400–1412. [CrossRef]
96. Jimenez-Lopez, C.; Rodriguez-Navarro, C.; Pinar, G.; Carrillo-Rosua, F.J.; Rodriguez-Gallego, M.; Gonzalez-Munoz, M.T. Consolidation of Degraded Ornamental Porous Limestone Stone by Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Induced by the Microbiota Inhabiting the Stone. *Chemosphere* **2007**, *68*, 1929–1936. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

97. Bissett, A.; De Beer, D.; Schoon, R.; Shiraishi, F.; Reimer, A.; Arp, G. Microbial Mediation of Stromatolite Formation in Karst-Water Creeks. *Limnol. Oceanogr.* **2008**, *53*, 1159–1168. [CrossRef]

98. Achal, V.; Mukherjee, A.; Reddy, M.S. Effect of Calcifying Bacteria on Permeation Properties of Concrete Structures. *J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.* **2011**, *38*, 1229–1234. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

99. Burbank, M.B.; Weaver, T.J.; Green, T.L.; Williams, B.; Crawford, R.L. Precipitation of Calcite by Indigenous Microorganisms to Strengthen Liquefiable Soils. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2011**, *28*, 301–312. [CrossRef]

100. Weil, M.H.; DeJong, J.T.; Martinez, B.C.; Mortensen, B.M. Seismic and Resistivity Measurements for Real-Time Monitoring of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sand. *Geotech. Test. J.* **2012**, *35*, 330–341. [CrossRef]

101. Arab, M.G.; Rohy, H.; Zeiada, W.; Almajed, A.; Omar, M. One-Phase EICP Biotreatment of Sand Exposed to Various Environmental Conditions. *J. Mater. Civil. Eng.* **2021**, *33*, 04020489. [CrossRef]

102. Zhang, J.; Yin, Y.; Shi, W.; Song, D.; Yu, L.; Shi, L.; Han, Z. Experimental Study on the Calcium Carbonate Production Rates and Crystal Size of EICP under Multi-Factor Coupling. *Case Stud. Constr. Mater.* **2023**, *18*, e01802. [CrossRef]

103. Almajed, A.; Tirkolaei, H.K.; Kavazanjian, E., Jr.; Hamdan, N. Enzyme Induced Biocementated Sand with High Strength at Low Carbonate Content. *Sci. Rep.* **2019**, *9*, 1135. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

104. Krishnan, V.; Khodadadi Tirkolaei, H.; Kazembeyki, M.; van Paassen, L.A.; Hoover, C.G.; Seto, J.; Kavazanjian, E. Nanomechanical Characterization of Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitates. *Crystals* **2022**, *12*, 995. [CrossRef]

105. Guan, D.; Zhou, Y.; Shahin, M.A.; Khodadadi Tirkolaei, H.; Cheng, L. Assessment of Urease Enzyme Extraction for Superior and Economic Bio-Cementation of Granular Materials Using Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Acta Geotech.* **2022**, *18*, 2263–2279. [CrossRef]

106. Cuccurullo, A.; Gallipoli, D.; Bruno, A.W.; Augarde, C.; Hughes, P.; La Borderie, C. Earth Stabilisation via Carbonate Precipitation by Plant-Derived Urease for Building Applications. *Geomech. Energy Environ.* **2022**, *30*, 100230. [CrossRef]

107. Javadi, N.; Khodadadi, H.; Hamdan, N.; Kavazanjian, E. EICP Treatment of Soil by Using Urease Enzyme Extracted from Watermelon Seeds. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2018: Innovations in Ground Improvement for Soils, Pavements, and Subgrades, IFCEE 2018, Orlando, FL, USA, 5–10 March 2018; pp. 115–124.

108. Imran, A.; Nakashima, K.; Evelpidou, N.; Kawasaki, S. Improvement of Using Crude Extract Urease from Watermelon Seeds for Biocementation Technology. *Int. J. GEOMATE* **2021**, *20*, 142–147. [CrossRef]

109. Abo-El-Enein, S.A.A.; Ali, A.H.H.; Talkhan, F.N.; Abdel-Gawwad, H.A.A. Application of Microbial Biocementation to Improve the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar. *HBRC J.* **2013**, *9*, 36–40. [CrossRef]

110. Cuthbert, M.O.; McMillan, L.A.; Handley-Sidhu, S.; Riley, M.S.; Tobler, D.J.; Phoenix, V.R. A Field and Modeling Study of Fractured Rock Permeability Reduction Using Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 13637–13643. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

111. Lauchnor, E.G.; Schultz, L.N.; Bugni, S.; Mitchell, A.C.; Cunningham, A.B.; Gerlach, R. Bacterially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Strontium Coprecipitation in a Porous Media Flow System. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 1557–1564. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

112. Keykha, H.A.; Huat, B.B.K.; Asadi, A. Electrokinetic Stabilization of Soft Soil Using Carbonate-Producing Bacteria. *Geotech. Geol. Eng.* **2014**, *32*, 739–747. [CrossRef]

113. Mountassir, G.E.; Lunn, R.J.; Moir, H.; Maclachlan, E. Hydrodynamic Coupling in Microbially Mediated Fracture Mineralization: Formation of Self-Organized Groundwater Flow Channels. *Water Resour. Res.* **2014**, *50*, 1–16. [CrossRef]

114. Senthilkumar, V.; Palanisamy, T.; Vijayakumar, V.N. Fortification of Compressive Strength in *Enterococcus* Microorganism Incorporated Microbial Cement Mortar. *Int. J. Chemtech. Res.* **2014**, *6*, 636–644.

115. Ganendra, G.; Wang, J.; Ramos, J.A.; Derluyn, H.; Rahier, H.; Cnudde, V.; Ho, A.; Boon, N. Biogenic Concrete Protection Driven by the Formate Oxidation by Methylocystis Parvus OBBP. *Front. Microbiol.* **2015**, *6*, 786. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

116. Lee, J.C.; Lee, C.J.; Chun, W.Y.; Kim, W.J.; Chung, C.W. Effect of Microorganism *Sporosarcina pasteurii* on the Hydration of Cement Paste. *J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.* **2015**, *25*, 1328–1338. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

117. Lauchnor, E.G.; Topp, D.M.; Parker, A.E.; Gerlach, R. Whole Cell Kinetics of Ureolysis by *Sporosarcina pasteurii*. *J. Appl. Microbiol.* **2015**, *118*, 1321–1332. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Sotoudehfar, A.R.; Sadeghi, M.M.; Mokhtari, E.; Shafiei, F. Assessment of the Parameters Influencing Microbial Calcite Precipitation in Injection Experiments Using Taguchi Methodology. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2016**, *33*, 163–172. [CrossRef]

119. Rowshanbakht, K.; Khamehchiyan, M.; Sajedi, R.H.; Nikudel, M.R. Effect of Injected Bacterial Suspension Volume and Relative Density on Carbonate Precipitation Resulting from Microbial Treatment. *Ecol. Eng.* **2016**, *89*, 49–55. [CrossRef]

120. Feng, K.; Montoya, B.M. Influence of Confinement and Cementation Level on the Behavior of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitated Sands under Monotonic Drained Loading. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2016**, *142*, 04015057. [CrossRef]

121. Salifu, E.; MacLachlan, E.; Iyer, K.R.; Knapp, C.W.; Tarantino, A. Application of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Erosion Mitigation and Stabilisation of Sandy Soil Foreshore Slopes: A Preliminary Investigation. *Eng. Geol.* **2016**, *201*, 96–105. [CrossRef]
96. Jimenez-Lopez, C.; Rodriguez-Navarro, C.; Pinar, G.; Carrillo-Rosua, F.J.; Rodriguez-Gallego, M.; Gonzalez-Munoz, M.T. Consolidation of Degraded Ornamental Porous Limestone Stone by Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Induced by the Microbiota Inhabiting the Stone. *Chemosphere* **2007**, *68*, 1929–1936. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

97. Bissett, A.; De Beer, D.; Schoon, R.; Shiraishi, F.; Reimer, A.; Arp, G. Microbial Mediation of Stromatolite Formation in Karst-Water Creeks. *Limnol. Oceanogr.* **2008**, *53*, 1159–1168. [CrossRef]

98. Achal, V.; Mukherjee, A.; Reddy, M.S. Effect of Calcifying Bacteria on Permeation Properties of Concrete Structures. *J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.* **2011**, *38*, 1229–1234. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

99. Burbank, M.B.; Weaver, T.J.; Green, T.L.; Williams, B.; Crawford, R.L. Precipitation of Calcite by Indigenous Microorganisms to Strengthen Liquefiable Soils. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2011**, *28*, 301–312. [CrossRef]

100. Weil, M.H.; DeJong, J.T.; Martinez, B.C.; Mortensen, B.M. Seismic and Resistivity Measurements for Real-Time Monitoring of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sand. *Geotech. Test. J.* **2012**, *35*, 330–341. [CrossRef]

101. Arab, M.G.; Rohy, H.; Zeiada, W.; Almajed, A.; Omar, M. One-Phase EICP Biotreatment of Sand Exposed to Various Environmental Conditions. *J. Mater. Civil. Eng.* **2021**, *33*, 04020489. [CrossRef]

102. Zhang, J.; Yin, Y.; Shi, W.; Song, D.; Yu, L.; Shi, L.; Han, Z. Experimental Study on the Calcium Carbonate Production Rates and Crystal Size of EICP under Multi-Factor Coupling. *Case Stud. Constr. Mater.* **2023**, *18*, e01802. [CrossRef]

103. Almajed, A.; Tirkolaei, H.K.; Kavazanjian, E., Jr.; Hamdan, N. Enzyme Induced Biocementated Sand with High Strength at Low Carbonate Content. *Sci. Rep.* **2019**, *9*, 1135. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

104. Krishnan, V.; Khodadadi Tirkolaei, H.; Kazembeyki, M.; van Paassen, L.A.; Hoover, C.G.; Seto, J.; Kavazanjian, E. Nanomechanical Characterization of Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitates. *Crystals* **2022**, *12*, 995. [CrossRef]

105. Guan, D.; Zhou, Y.; Shahin, M.A.; Khodadadi Tirkolaei, H.; Cheng, L. Assessment of Urease Enzyme Extraction for Superior and Economic Bio-Cementation of Granular Materials Using Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *Acta Geotech.* **2022**, *18*, 2263–2279. [CrossRef]

106. Cuccurullo, A.; Gallipoli, D.; Bruno, A.W.; Augarde, C.; Hughes, P.; La Borderie, C. Earth Stabilisation via Carbonate Precipitation by Plant-Derived Urease for Building Applications. *Geomech. Energy Environ.* **2022**, *30*, 100230. [CrossRef]

107. Javadi, N.; Khodadadi, H.; Hamdan, N.; Kavazanjian, E. EICP Treatment of Soil by Using Urease Enzyme Extracted from Watermelon Seeds. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2018: Innovations in Ground Improvement for Soils, Pavements, and Subgrades, IFCEE 2018, Orlando, FL, USA, 5–10 March 2018; pp. 115–124.

108. Imran, A.; Nakashima, K.; Evelpidou, N.; Kawasaki, S. Improvement of Using Crude Extract Urease from Watermelon Seeds for Biocementation Technology. *Int. J. GEOMATE* **2021**, *20*, 142–147. [CrossRef]

109. Abo-El-Enein, S.A.A.; Ali, A.H.H.; Talkhan, F.N.; Abdel-Gawwad, H.A.A. Application of Microbial Biocementation to Improve the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar. *HBRC J.* **2013**, *9*, 36–40. [CrossRef]

110. Cuthbert, M.O.; McMillan, L.A.; Handley-Sidhu, S.; Riley, M.S.; Tobler, D.J.; Phoenix, V.R. A Field and Modeling Study of Fractured Rock Permeability Reduction Using Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 13637–13643. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

111. Lauchnor, E.G.; Schultz, L.N.; Bugni, S.; Mitchell, A.C.; Cunningham, A.B.; Gerlach, R. Bacterially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Strontium Coprecipitation in a Porous Media Flow System. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2013**, *47*, 1557–1564. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

112. Keykha, H.A.; Huat, B.B.K.; Asadi, A. Electrokinetic Stabilization of Soft Soil Using Carbonate-Producing Bacteria. *Geotech. Geol. Eng.* **2014**, *32*, 739–747. [CrossRef]

113. Mountassir, G.E.; Lunn, R.J.; Moir, H.; Maclachlan, E. Hydrodynamic Coupling in Microbially Mediated Fracture Mineralization: Formation of Self-Organized Groundwater Flow Channels. *Water Resour. Res.* **2014**, *50*, 1–16. [CrossRef]

114. Senthilkumar, V.; Palanisamy, T.; Vijayakumar, V.N. Fortification of Compressive Strength in *Enterococcus* Microorganism Incorporated Microbial Cement Mortar. *Int. J. Chemtech. Res.* **2014**, *6*, 636–644.

115. Ganendra, G.; Wang, J.; Ramos, J.A.; Derluyn, H.; Rahier, H.; Cnudde, V.; Ho, A.; Boon, N. Biogenic Concrete Protection Driven by the Formate Oxidation by Methylocystis Parvus OBBP. *Front. Microbiol.* **2015**, *6*, 786. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

116. Lee, J.C.; Lee, C.J.; Chun, W.Y.; Kim, W.J.; Chung, C.W. Effect of Microorganism *Sporosarcina pasteurii* on the Hydration of Cement Paste. *J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.* **2015**, *25*, 1328–1338. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

117. Lauchnor, E.G.; Topp, D.M.; Parker, A.E.; Gerlach, R. Whole Cell Kinetics of Ureolysis by *Sporosarcina pasteurii*. *J. Appl. Microbiol.* **2015**, *118*, 1321–1332. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Sotoudehfar, A.R.; Sadeghi, M.M.; Mokhtari, E.; Shafiei, F. Assessment of the Parameters Influencing Microbial Calcite Precipitation in Injection Experiments Using Taguchi Methodology. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2016**, *33*, 163–172. [CrossRef]

119. Rowshanbakht, K.; Khamehchiyan, M.; Sajedi, R.H.; Nikudel, M.R. Effect of Injected Bacterial Suspension Volume and Relative Density on Carbonate Precipitation Resulting from Microbial Treatment. *Ecol. Eng.* **2016**, *89*, 49–55. [CrossRef]

120. Feng, K.; Montoya, B.M. Influence of Confinement and Cementation Level on the Behavior of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitated Sands under Monotonic Drained Loading. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2016**, *142*, 04015057. [CrossRef]

121. Salifu, E.; MacLachlan, E.; Iyer, K.R.; Knapp, C.W.; Tarantino, A. Application of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Erosion Mitigation and Stabilisation of Sandy Soil Foreshore Slopes: A Preliminary Investigation. *Eng. Geol.* **2016**, *201*, 96–105. [CrossRef]
122. Tang, Y.; Lian, J.; Xu, G.; Yan, Y.; Xu, H. Effect of Cementation on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation of Loose Sand Resulting from Microbial Treatment. *Trans. Tianjin Univ.* **2017**, *23*, 547–554. [CrossRef]

123. Wu, J.; Wang, X.-B.; Wang, H.-F.; Zeng, R.J. Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Driven by Ureolysis to Enhance Oil Recovery. *RSC Adv.* **2017**, *7*, 37382–37391. [CrossRef]

124. Bao, R.; Li, J.; Li, L.; Cutright, T.J.; Chen, L.; Zhu, J.; Tao, J. Effect of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation on Surface Erosion and Scour of Granular Soils: Proof of Concept. *Transp. Res. Rec.* **2017**, *2657*, 10–18. [CrossRef]

125. Tian, K.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, D.; Nie, K.; Zhang, S. Increasing Wind Erosion Resistance of Aeolian Sandy Soil by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Land Degrad. Dev.* **2018**, *29*, 4271–4281. [CrossRef]

126. Nassar, M.K.; Gurung, D.; Bastani, M.; Ginn, T.R.; Shafei, B.; Gomez, M.G.; Graddy, C.M.R.; Nelson, D.C.; DeJong, J.T. Large-Scale Experiments in Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP): Reactive Transport Model Development and Prediction. *Water Resour. Res.* **2018**, *54*, 480–500. [CrossRef]

127. Gomez, M.G.; Graddy, C.M.R.; DeJong, J.T.; Nelson, D.C. Biogeochemical Changes During Bio-Cementation Mediated by Stimulated and Augmented Ureolytic Microorganisms. *Sci. Rep.* **2019**, *9*, 11517–11531. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

128. Montoya, B.M.; Safavizadeh, S.; Gabr, M.A. Enhancement of Coal Ash Compressibility Parameters Using Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2019**, *145*, 04019018. [CrossRef]

129. Wang, X.; Nackenhorst, U. A Coupled Bio-Chemo-Hydraulic Model to Predict Porosity and Permeability Reduction during Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation. *Adv. Water Resour.* **2020**, *139*, 103563. [CrossRef]

130. Hataf, N.; Baharifard, A. Reducing Soil Permeability Using Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) Method: A Case Study of Shiraz Landfill Soil. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2020**, *37*, 147–158. [CrossRef]

131. Shougrakpam, S.; Trivedi, A. Harnessing Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitates to Use in Improving the Engineering Properties of Loose Sandy Soils. *Sādhanā* **2021**, *46*, 41. [CrossRef]

132. Arpajirakul, S.; Pungrasmi, W.; Likitlersuang, S. Efficiency of Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Natural Clays for Ground Improvement. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2021**, *282*, 122722. [CrossRef]

133. Elmaloglou, A.; Terzis, D.; De Anna, P.; Laloui, L. Microfluidic Study in a Meter-Long Reactive Path Reveals How the Medium's Structural Heterogeneity Shapes MICP-Induced Biocementation. *Sci. Rep.* **2022**, *12*, 19553. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

134. Fu, Q.; Wu, Y.; Liu, S.; Lu, L.; Wang, J. The Adaptability of *Sporosarcina pasteurii* in Marine Environments and the Feasibility of Its Application in Mortar Crack Repair. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2022**, *332*, 127371. [CrossRef]

135. Nagy, B.; Kustermann, A. Rehabilitation of Porous Building Components and Masonry by MICP Injection Method. *Buildings* **2023**, *13*, 1273. [CrossRef]

136. Liu, B.; Tang, C.-S.; Pan, X.-H.; Xu, J.-J.; Zhang, X.-Y. Suppressing Drought-Induced Soil Desiccation Cracking Using MICP: Field Demonstration and Insights. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2024**, *150*, 04024006. [CrossRef]

137. Bu, S.Z.; Zheng, Y.-L.; Lu, C.-H.; Cheng, L. Efficient Inhibition of ASR by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation on Aggregates at a Low Degree of Saturation. *J. Build. Eng.* **2024**, *84*, 108516. [CrossRef]

**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
122. Tang, Y.; Lian, J.; Xu, G.; Yan, Y.; Xu, H. Effect of Cementation on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation of Loose Sand Resulting from Microbial Treatment. *Trans. Tianjin Univ.* **2017**, *23*, 547–554. [CrossRef]

123. Wu, J.; Wang, X.-B.; Wang, H.-F.; Zeng, R.J. Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Driven by Ureolysis to Enhance Oil Recovery. *RSC Adv.* **2017**, *7*, 37382–37391. [CrossRef]

124. Bao, R.; Li, J.; Li, L.; Cutright, T.J.; Chen, L.; Zhu, J.; Tao, J. Effect of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation on Surface Erosion and Scour of Granular Soils: Proof of Concept. *Transp. Res. Rec.* **2017**, *2657*, 10–18. [CrossRef]

125. Tian, K.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, D.; Nie, K.; Zhang, S. Increasing Wind Erosion Resistance of Aeolian Sandy Soil by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. *Land Degrad. Dev.* **2018**, *29*, 4271–4281. [CrossRef]

126. Nassar, M.K.; Gurung, D.; Bastani, M.; Ginn, T.R.; Shafei, B.; Gomez, M.G.; Graddy, C.M.R.; Nelson, D.C.; DeJong, J.T. Large-Scale Experiments in Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP): Reactive Transport Model Development and Prediction. *Water Resour. Res.* **2018**, *54*, 480–500. [CrossRef]

127. Gomez, M.G.; Graddy, C.M.R.; DeJong, J.T.; Nelson, D.C. Biogeochemical Changes During Bio-Cementation Mediated by Stimulated and Augmented Ureolytic Microorganisms. *Sci. Rep.* **2019**, *9*, 11517–11531. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

128. Montoya, B.M.; Safavizadeh, S.; Gabr, M.A. Enhancement of Coal Ash Compressibility Parameters Using Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2019**, *145*, 04019018. [CrossRef]

129. Wang, X.; Nackenhorst, U. A Coupled Bio-Chemo-Hydraulic Model to Predict Porosity and Permeability Reduction during Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation. *Adv. Water Resour.* **2020**, *139*, 103563. [CrossRef]

130. Hataf, N.; Baharifard, A. Reducing Soil Permeability Using Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) Method: A Case Study of Shiraz Landfill Soil. *Geomicrobiol. J.* **2020**, *37*, 147–158. [CrossRef]

131. Shougrakpam, S.; Trivedi, A. Harnessing Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitates to Use in Improving the Engineering Properties of Loose Sandy Soils. *Sādhanā* **2021**, *46*, 41. [CrossRef]

132. Arpajirakul, S.; Pungrasmi, W.; Likitlersuang, S. Efficiency of Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Natural Clays for Ground Improvement. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2021**, *282*, 122722. [CrossRef]

133. Elmaloglou, A.; Terzis, D.; De Anna, P.; Laloui, L. Microfluidic Study in a Meter-Long Reactive Path Reveals How the Medium's Structural Heterogeneity Shapes MICP-Induced Biocementation. *Sci. Rep.* **2022**, *12*, 19553. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

134. Fu, Q.; Wu, Y.; Liu, S.; Lu, L.; Wang, J. The Adaptability of *Sporosarcina pasteurii* in Marine Environments and the Feasibility of Its Application in Mortar Crack Repair. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2022**, *332*, 127371. [CrossRef]

135. Nagy, B.; Kustermann, A. Rehabilitation of Porous Building Components and Masonry by MICP Injection Method. *Buildings* **2023**, *13*, 1273. [CrossRef]

136. Liu, B.; Tang, C.-S.; Pan, X.-H.; Xu, J.-J.; Zhang, X.-Y. Suppressing Drought-Induced Soil Desiccation Cracking Using MICP: Field Demonstration and Insights. *J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.* **2024**, *150*, 04024006. [CrossRef]

137. Bu, S.Z.; Zheng, Y.-L.; Lu, C.-H.; Cheng, L. Efficient Inhibition of ASR by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation on Aggregates at a Low Degree of Saturation. *J. Build. Eng.* **2024**, *84*, 108516. [CrossRef]

**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.