25. Lowrey, S.; Lowrey, S. The New York Times. What We Can Learn from European Dog Culture. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/smarter-living/dog-training-behavior.html (accessed on 21 November 2023).

26. Butterwick, R.F.; Erdman, J.W.; Hill, R.C.; Lewis, A.J.; Whittemore, C.T. Challenges in developing nutrient guidelines for companion animals. *Br. J. Nutr.* **2011**, *106*, S24–S31. [CrossRef]

27. Becques, A.; Larose, C.; Baron, C.; Niceron, C.; Féron, C.; Gouat, P. Behaviour in order to evaluate the palatability of pet food in domestic cats. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2014**, *159*, 55–61. [CrossRef]

28. McVean, A. Wet Versus Dry Pet Food: Is One Better for Your Pet? Available online: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/nutrition/wet-versus-dry-pet-food-one-better-your-pet (accessed on 14 March 2024).

29. Vendramini, T.H.A.; Pedrinelli, V.; Macedo, H.T.; Zafalon, R.V.A.; Risolia, L.W.; Rentas, M.F.; Macegoza, M.V.; Gameiro, A.H.; Brunetto, M.A. Homemade versus extruded and wet commercial diets for dogs: Cost comparison. *PLoS ONE* **2020**, *15*, e0236672. [CrossRef]

30. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Are Homemade Diets a Viable Alternative to Prepared Pet Food? Available online: https://europeanpetfood.comingsoon.site/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fediaf_Are_homemade_diets_an_alternative_1_1.pdf (accessed on 15 November 2023).

31. Remillard, R.L. Homemade diets: Attributes, pitfalls, and a call for action. *Top. Companion Anim. Med.* **2008**, *23*, 137–142. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

32. Bourgeois, H.; Elliott, D.; Marniquet, P.; Soulard, Y. Dietary behavior of dogs and cats. *Bull. Acad. Vet. Fr.* **2006**, *159*, 301–308. [CrossRef]

33. Zaghini, G.; Biagi, G. Nutritional peculiarities and diet palatability in the cat. *Vet. Res. Commun.* **2005**, *29*, 39–44. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

34. Ilias, N.; Zaki, A.H.H.; Junaidi, A.H.A.; Fong, L.S.; Saufi, I.; Ajat, M. Palatability assessment of prescribed diets on domestic shorthair cats. *Vet. World* **2022**, *15*, 640–646. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

35. Thombre, A.G. Oral delivery of medications to companion animals: Palatability considerations. *Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.* **2004**, *56*, 1399–1413. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

36. Pekel, A.Y.; Mülazımoğlu, S.B.; Acar, N. Taste preferences and diet palatability in cats. *J. Appl. Anim. Res.* **2020**, *48*, 281–292. [CrossRef]

37. Parr, J.M.; Remillard, R.L. Handling alternative dietary requests from pet owners. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2014**, *44*, 667–688. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

38. Dong, H.; Cheng, G.-Q.; Zhang, L.; Xia, J.-Y.; Zhou, J.; Yuan, M.-M.; Zhan, J.-F.; Hong, Y. Dietary addition of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in dogs: Palatability, blood biochemistry and immunity. *J. Appl. Anim. Res.* **2022**, *50*, 687–694. [CrossRef]

39. do Nascimento, R.C.; Souza, C.M.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.B.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Félix, A.P. Effects of an herbal source of choline on diet digestibility and palatability, blood lipid profile, liver morphology, and cardiac function in dogs. *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 2658. [CrossRef]

40. Do, S.; Koutsos, E.A.; McComb, A.; Phungviwatnikul, T.; De Godoy, M.R.C.; Swanson, K.S. Palatability and apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility of retorted black soldier fly larvae-containing diets and their effects on the fecal characteristics of cats consuming them. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *100*, 1–8. [CrossRef]

41. Isidori, M.; Rueca, F.; Trabalza-Marinucci, M. Palatability of extruded dog diets supplemented with *Ascophyllum nodosum* L. (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae). *J. Appl. Phycol.* **2019**, *31*, 3275–3281. [CrossRef]

42. Aldrich, G.; Koppel, K. Pet food palatability evaluation: A review of standard assay techniques and interpretation of results with a primary focus on limitations. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 43–55. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

43. Mehinagic, E. Product Information on Dog Food Might Influence Owner's Perception of His Pet's Feeding Behaviors. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/nam-fr/publications/owners-evaluation-of-dog-food-palatability-performance/ (accessed on 26 October 2023).

44. Forges, C.; Rogues, J.; Tobie, C. Measuring Emotional Palatability. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/measuring-emotional-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 6 September 2023).

45. Koppel, K. Sensory analysis of pet foods. *J. Sci. Food Agric.* **2014**, *94*, 2148–2153. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

46. Samant, S.S.; Crandall, P.G.; Jarma Arroyo, S.E.; Seo, H.-S. Dry pet food flavor enhancers and their impact on palatability: A review. *Foods* **2021**, *10*, 2599. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

47. Tobie, C.; Péron, F.; Larose, C. Assessing food preferences in dogs and cats: A review of the current methods. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 126–137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

48. Auvray, M.; Spence, C. The multisensory perception of flavor. *Conscious. Cogn.* **2008**, *17*, 1016–1031. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

49. Griffin, R.W. Palatability testing methods: Parameters and analyses that influence test conditions. In *Petfood Technology*, 1st ed.; Kvamme, J., Phillips, T., Eds.; Watt Publishing Co.: Mt. Morris, IL, USA, 2003; Volume 1, pp. 187–193.

50. Church, S.C.; Allen, J.A.; Bradshaw, J.W. Frequency-dependent food selection by domestic cats: A comparative study. *Ethology* **1996**, *102*, 495–509. [CrossRef]

51. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. Pet and owner acceptance of dry dog foods manufactured with sorghum and sorghum fractions. *J. Cereal Sci.* **2018**, *83*, 42–48. [CrossRef]

52. Rogues, J.; Csoltova, E.; Larose-Forges, C.; Mehinagic, E. Sensory evaluation of pet food products. In *Nonfood Sensory Practices*, 1st ed.; Pensé-Lhéritier, A.-M., Bacle, I., Delarue, J., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, UK, 2022; pp. 313–329.
25. Lowrey, S.; Lowrey, S. The New York Times. What We Can Learn from European Dog Culture. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/smarter-living/dog-training-behavior.html (accessed on 21 November 2023).

26. Butterwick, R.F.; Erdman, J.W.; Hill, R.C.; Lewis, A.J.; Whittemore, C.T. Challenges in developing nutrient guidelines for companion animals. *Br. J. Nutr.* **2011**, *106*, S24–S31. [CrossRef]

27. Becques, A.; Larose, C.; Baron, C.; Niceron, C.; Féron, C.; Gouat, P. Behaviour in order to evaluate the palatability of pet food in domestic cats. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2014**, *159*, 55–61. [CrossRef]

28. McVean, A. Wet Versus Dry Pet Food: Is One Better for Your Pet? Available online: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/nutrition/wet-versus-dry-pet-food-one-better-your-pet (accessed on 14 March 2024).

29. Vendramini, T.H.A.; Pedrinelli, V.; Macedo, H.T.; Zafalon, R.V.A.; Risolia, L.W.; Rentas, M.F.; Macegoza, M.V.; Gameiro, A.H.; Brunetto, M.A. Homemade versus extruded and wet commercial diets for dogs: Cost comparison. *PLoS ONE* **2020**, *15*, e0236672. [CrossRef]

30. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Are Homemade Diets a Viable Alternative to Prepared Pet Food? Available online: https://europeanpetfood.comingsoon.site/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fediaf_Are_homemade_diets_an_alternative_1_1.pdf (accessed on 15 November 2023).

31. Remillard, R.L. Homemade diets: Attributes, pitfalls, and a call for action. *Top. Companion Anim. Med.* **2008**, *23*, 137–142. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

32. Bourgeois, H.; Elliott, D.; Marniquet, P.; Soulard, Y. Dietary behavior of dogs and cats. *Bull. Acad. Vet. Fr.* **2006**, *159*, 301–308. [CrossRef]

33. Zaghini, G.; Biagi, G. Nutritional peculiarities and diet palatability in the cat. *Vet. Res. Commun.* **2005**, *29*, 39–44. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

34. Ilias, N.; Zaki, A.H.H.; Junaidi, A.H.A.; Fong, L.S.; Saufi, I.; Ajat, M. Palatability assessment of prescribed diets on domestic shorthair cats. *Vet. World* **2022**, *15*, 640–646. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

35. Thombre, A.G. Oral delivery of medications to companion animals: Palatability considerations. *Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.* **2004**, *56*, 1399–1413. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

36. Pekel, A.Y.; Mülazımoğlu, S.B.; Acar, N. Taste preferences and diet palatability in cats. *J. Appl. Anim. Res.* **2020**, *48*, 281–292. [CrossRef]

37. Parr, J.M.; Remillard, R.L. Handling alternative dietary requests from pet owners. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2014**, *44*, 667–688. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

38. Dong, H.; Cheng, G.-Q.; Zhang, L.; Xia, J.-Y.; Zhou, J.; Yuan, M.-M.; Zhan, J.-F.; Hong, Y. Dietary addition of *Astragalus* polysaccharide (APS) in dogs: Palatability, blood biochemistry and immunity. *J. Appl. Anim. Res.* **2022**, *50*, 687–694. [CrossRef]

39. do Nascimento, R.C.; Souza, C.M.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.B.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Félix, A.P. Effects of an herbal source of choline on diet digestibility and palatability, blood lipid profile, liver morphology, and cardiac function in dogs. *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 2658. [CrossRef]

40. Do, S.; Koutsos, E.A.; McComb, A.; Phungviwatnikul, T.; De Godoy, M.R.C.; Swanson, K.S. Palatability and apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility of retorted black soldier fly larvae-containing diets and their effects on the fecal characteristics of cats consuming them. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *100*, 1–8. [CrossRef]

41. Isidori, M.; Rueca, F.; Trabalza-Marinucci, M. Palatability of extruded dog diets supplemented with *Ascophyllum nodosum* L. (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae). *J. Appl. Phycol.* **2019**, *31*, 3275–3281. [CrossRef]

42. Aldrich, G.; Koppel, K. Pet food palatability evaluation: A review of standard assay techniques and interpretation of results with a primary focus on limitations. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 43–55. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

43. Mehinagic, E. Product Information on Dog Food Might Influence Owner's Perception of His Pet's Feeding Behaviors. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/nam-fr/publications/owners-evaluation-of-dog-food-palatability-performance/ (accessed on 26 October 2023).

44. Forges, C.; Rogues, J.; Tobie, C. Measuring Emotional Palatability. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/measuring-emotional-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 6 September 2023).

45. Koppel, K. Sensory analysis of pet foods. *J. Sci. Food Agric.* **2014**, *94*, 2148–2153. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

46. Samant, S.S.; Crandall, P.G.; Jarma Arroyo, S.E.; Seo, H.-S. Dry pet food flavor enhancers and their impact on palatability: A review. *Foods* **2021**, *10*, 2599. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

47. Tobie, C.; Péron, F.; Larose, C. Assessing food preferences in dogs and cats: A review of the current methods. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 126–137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

48. Auvray, M.; Spence, C. The multisensory perception of flavor. *Conscious. Cogn.* **2008**, *17*, 1016–1031. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

49. Griffin, R.W. Palatability testing methods: Parameters and analyses that influence test conditions. In *Petfood Technology*, 1st ed.; Kvakme, J., Phillips, T., Eds.; Watt Publishing Co.: Mt. Morris, IL, USA, 2003; Volume 1, pp. 187–193.

50. Church, S.C.; Allen, J.A.; Bradshaw, J.W. Frequency-dependent food selection by domestic cats: A comparative study. *Ethology* **1996**, *102*, 495–509. [CrossRef]

51. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. Pet and owner acceptance of dry dog foods manufactured with sorghum and sorghum fractions. *J. Cereal Sci.* **2018**, *83*, 42–48. [CrossRef]

52. Rogues, J.; Csoltova, E.; Larose-Forges, C.; Mehinagic, E. Sensory evaluation of pet food products. In *Nonfood Sensory Practices*, 1st ed.; Pensé-Lhéritier, A.-M., Bacle, I., Delarue, J., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, UK, 2022; pp. 313–329.
53. Hall, N.J.; Péron, F.; Cambou, S.; Callejon, L.; Wynne, C.D. Food and food-odor preferences in dogs: A pilot study. *Chem. Senses* **2017**, *42*, 361–370. [CrossRef]

54. Pétel, C.; Baron, C.; Thomsen, M.; Callejon, L.; Péron, F. A new method to assess the influence of odor on food selection in dogs. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2018**, *33*, e12311. [CrossRef]

55. Koppel, K.; Monti, M.; Gibson, M.W.; Alavi, S.; Di Donfrancesco, B.; Carciofi, A.C. The effects of fiber inclusion on pet food sensory characteristics and palatability. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 110–125. [CrossRef]

56. Basque, C.; Cambou, S.; Peron, F.; Le Paih, L.; Marzin, C.; Hanaoka, K.; Callejon, L.; Prost, C.; Lethuaut, L. Food preference and olfactory discrimination tests: A complementary approach to understand the drivers of hedonic responses in dogs. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2019**, *34*, e12483. [CrossRef]

57. Thompson, H.; Riemer, S.; Ellis, S.L.; Burman, O.H. Behaviour directed towards inaccessible food predicts consumption—A novel way of assessing food preference. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2016**, *178*, 111–117. [CrossRef]

58. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K.; Chambers IV, E. An initial lexicon for sensory properties of dry dog food. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2012**, *27*, 498–510. [CrossRef]

59. Chanadang, S.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. The impact of rendered protein meal oxidation level on shelf-life, sensory characteristics, and acceptability in extruded pet food. *Animals* **2016**, *6*, 44. [CrossRef]

60. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K. Sensory characteristics and volatile components of dry dog foods manufactured with sorghum fractions. *Molecules* **2017**, *22*, 1012. [CrossRef]

61. Lema Almeida, K.A.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. Sensory attributes, dog preference ranking, and oxidation rate evaluation of sorghum-based baked treats supplemented with soluble animal proteins. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *100*, 1–12. [CrossRef]

62. Serpell, J.A. Domestication and history of the cat. In *The Domestic Cats: The Biology of Its Behaviour*; Turner, D.C., Bateson, P., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2013; Volume 2, pp. 180–192.

63. Hu, Y.; Hu, S.; Wang, W.; Wu, X.; Marshall, F.B.; Chen, X.; Hou, L.; Wang, C. Earliest evidence for commensal processes of cat domestication. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2014**, *111*, 116–120. [CrossRef]

64. Fitzgerald, B.M.; Turner, D.C. Hunting behaviour of domestic cats and their impact on prey populations. In *The Domestic Cats: The Biology of Its Behaviour*, 3rd ed.; Turner, D.C., Bateson, P., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2000; pp. 152–175.

65. Lei, W.; Ravoninjohary, A.; Li, X.; Margolskee, R.F.; Reed, D.R.; Beauchamp, G.K.; Jiang, P. Functional analyses of bitter taste receptors in domestic cats (*Felis catus*). *PLoS ONE* **2015**, *10*, e0139670. [CrossRef]

66. Hu, L.-L.; Shi, P. Smallest bitter taste receptor (T2Rs) gene repertoire in carnivores. *Dongwuxue Yanjiu* **2013**, *34*, E75–E81.

67. Wolsan, M.; Sato, J.J. Role of feeding specialization in taste receptor loss: Insights from sweet and umami receptor evolution in Carnivora. *Chem. Senses* **2022**, *47*, 1–11. [CrossRef]

68. Jiang, P.; Josue, J.; Li, X.; Glaser, D.; Li, W.; Brand, J.G.; Margolskee, R.F.; Reed, D.R.; Beauchamp, G.K. Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2012**, *109*, 4956–4961. [CrossRef]

69. Zhao, H.; Zhang, J. Mismatches between feeding ecology and taste receptor evolution: An inconvenient truth. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2012**, *109*, E1464. [CrossRef]

70. Hall, N.J.; Collada, A.; Smith, D.W.; Wynne, C.D.L. Performance of domestic dogs on an olfactory discrimination of a homologous series of alcohols. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2016**, *178*, 1–6. [CrossRef]

71. Laska, M. Human and animal olfactory capabilities compared. In *Springer Handbook of Odor*, 1st ed.; Buettner, A., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2017; pp. 81–82.

72. Kokocińska-Kusiak, A.; Woszczyło, M.; Zybala, M.; Maciocha, J.; Barłowska, K.; Dzięcioł, M. Canine olfaction: Physiology, behavior, and possibilities for practical applications. *Animals* **2021**, *11*, 2463. [CrossRef]

73. Wackermannová, M.; Pinc, L.; Jebavý, L. Olfactory sensitivity in mammalian species. *Physiol. Res.* **2016**, *65*, 369–390. [CrossRef]

74. McGann, J.P. Poor human olfaction is a 19th-century myth. *Science* **2017**, *356*, 597–602. [CrossRef]

75. Mugford, R.A. External influences on the feeding of carnivores. In *The Chemical Senses and Nutrition*; Kare, M.R., Maller, O., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1977; pp. 25–50.

76. Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Shepherd, P. The role of olfaction in canine food preferences. *Chem. Senses* **1978**, *3*, 281–290. [CrossRef]

77. Zoon, H.F.A.; De Graaf, C.; Boesveldt, S. Food odours direct specific appetite. *Foods* **2016**, *5*, 12. [CrossRef]

78. Michel, K.E. Management of anorexia in the cat. *J. Feline Med. Surg.* **2001**, *3*, 3–8. [CrossRef]

79. Le Cheviller, J.-P.; Ricour, P.; Sergheraert, R. Food for Slowing Down Feeding Intake Speed in Dogs. WO 01/87084 A1, 22 November 2001.

80. Guilloteau, A.; Servet, E. Food for Short-Headed Dogs. WO 2006/064042 A1, 22 June 2006.

81. Hall, J.A.; Vondran, J.C.; Vanchina, M.A.; Jewell, D.E. When fed foods with similar palatability, healthy adult dogs and cats choose different macronutrient compositions. *J. Exp. Biol.* **2018**, *221*, jeb173450. [CrossRef]

82. Hewson-Hughes, A.K.; Colyer, A.; Simpson, S.J.; Raubenheimer, D. Balancing macronutrient intake in a mammalian carnivore: Disentangling the influences of flavour and nutrition. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2016**, *3*, 160081. [CrossRef]

83. Hewson-Hughes, A.K.; Hewson-Hughes, V.L.; Colyer, A.; Miller, A.T.; McGrane, S.J.; Hall, S.R.; Butterwick, R.F.; Simpson, S.J.; Raubenheimer, D. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in breeds of the domestic dog, *Canis lupus familiaris*. *Behav. Ecol.* **2013**, *24*, 293–304. [CrossRef]
53. Hall, N.J.; Péron, F.; Cambou, S.; Callejon, L.; Wynne, C.D. Food and food-odor preferences in dogs: A pilot study. *Chem. Senses* **2017**, *42*, 361–370. [CrossRef]

54. Pétel, C.; Baron, C.; Thomsen, M.; Callejon, L.; Péron, F. A new method to assess the influence of odor on food selection in dogs. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2018**, *33*, e12311. [CrossRef]

55. Koppel, K.; Monti, M.; Gibson, M.W.; Alavi, S.; Di Donfrancesco, B.; Carciofi, A.C. The effects of fiber inclusion on pet food sensory characteristics and palatability. *Animals* **2015**, *5*, 110–125. [CrossRef]

56. Basque, C.; Cambou, S.; Peron, F.; Le Paih, L.; Marzin, C.; Hanaoka, K.; Callejon, L.; Prost, C.; Lethuaut, L. Food preference and olfactory discrimination tests: A complementary approach to understand the drivers of hedonic responses in dogs. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2019**, *34*, e12483. [CrossRef]

57. Thompson, H.; Riemer, S.; Ellis, S.L.; Burman, O.H. Behaviour directed towards inaccessible food predicts consumption—A novel way of assessing food preference. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2016**, *178*, 111–117. [CrossRef]

58. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K.; Chambers IV, E. An initial lexicon for sensory properties of dry dog food. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2012**, *27*, 498–510. [CrossRef]

59. Chanadang, S.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. The impact of rendered protein meal oxidation level on shelf-life, sensory characteristics, and acceptability in extruded pet food. *Animals* **2016**, *6*, 44. [CrossRef]

60. Di Donfrancesco, B.; Koppel, K. Sensory characteristics and volatile components of dry dog foods manufactured with sorghum fractions. *Molecules* **2017**, *22*, 1012. [CrossRef]

61. Lema Almeida, K.A.; Koppel, K.; Aldrich, G. Sensory attributes, dog preference ranking, and oxidation rate evaluation of sorghum-based baked treats supplemented with soluble animal proteins. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *100*, 1–12. [CrossRef]

62. Serpell, J.A. Domestication and history of the cat. In *The Domestic Cats: The Biology of Its Behaviour*; Turner, D.C., Bateson, P., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2013; Volume 2, pp. 180–192.

63. Hu, Y.; Hu, S.; Wang, W.; Wu, X.; Marshall, F.B.; Chen, X.; Hou, L.; Wang, C. Earliest evidence for commensal processes of cat domestication. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2014**, *111*, 116–120. [CrossRef]

64. Fitzgerald, B.M.; Turner, D.C. Hunting behaviour of domestic cats and their impact on prey populations. In *The Domestic Cats: The Biology of Its Behaviour*, 3rd ed.; Turner, D.C., Bateson, P., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2000; pp. 152–175.

65. Lei, W.; Ravoninjohary, A.; Li, X.; Margolskee, R.F.; Reed, D.R.; Beauchamp, G.K.; Jiang, P. Functional analyses of bitter taste receptors in domestic cats (*Felis catus*). *PLoS ONE* **2015**, *10*, e0139670. [CrossRef]

66. Hu, L.-L.; Shi, P. Smallest bitter taste receptor (T2Rs) gene repertoire in carnivores. *Dongwuxue Yanjiu* **2013**, *34*, E75–E81.

67. Wolsan, M.; Sato, J.J. Role of feeding specialization in taste receptor loss: Insights from sweet and umami receptor evolution in Carnivora. *Chem. Senses* **2022**, *47*, 1–11. [CrossRef]

68. Jiang, P.; Josue, J.; Li, X.; Glaser, D.; Li, W.; Brand, J.G.; Margolskee, R.F.; Reed, D.R.; Beauchamp, G.K. Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2012**, *109*, 4956–4961. [CrossRef]

69. Zhao, H.; Zhang, J. Mismatches between feeding ecology and taste receptor evolution: An inconvenient truth. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2012**, *109*, E1464. [CrossRef]

70. Hall, N.J.; Collada, A.; Smith, D.W.; Wynne, C.D.L. Performance of domestic dogs on an olfactory discrimination of a homologous series of alcohols. *Appl. Anim. Behav.* **2016**, *178*, 1–6. [CrossRef]

71. Laska, M. Human and animal olfactory capabilities compared. In *Springer Handbook of Odor*, 1st ed.; Buettner, A., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2017; pp. 81–82.

72. Kokocińska-Kusiak, A.; Woszczyło, M.; Zybala, M.; Maciocha, J.; Barłowska, K.; Dzięcioł, M. Canine olfaction: Physiology, behavior, and possibilities for practical applications. *Animals* **2021**, *11*, 2463. [CrossRef]

73. Wackermannová, M.; Pinc, L.; Jebavý, L. Olfactory sensitivity in mammalian species. *Physiol. Res.* **2016**, *65*, 369–390. [CrossRef]

74. McGann, J.P. Poor human olfaction is a 19th-century myth. *Science* **2017**, *356*, 597–602. [CrossRef]

75. Mugford, R.A. External influences on the feeding of carnivores. In *The Chemical Senses and Nutrition*; Kare, M.R., Maller, O., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1977; pp. 25–50.

76. Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Shepherd, P. The role of olfaction in canine food preferences. *Chem. Senses* **1978**, *3*, 281–290. [CrossRef]

77. Zoon, H.F.A.; De Graaf, C.; Boesveldt, S. Food odours direct specific appetite. *Foods* **2016**, *5*, 12. [CrossRef]

78. Michel, K.E. Management of anorexia in the cat. *J. Feline Med. Surg.* **2001**, *3*, 3–8. [CrossRef]

79. Le Cheviller, J.-P.; Ricour, P.; Sergheraert, R. Food for Slowing Down Feeding Intake Speed in Dogs. WO 01/87084 A1, 22 November 2001.

80. Guilloteau, A.; Servet, E. Food for Short-Headed Dogs. WO 2006/064042 A1, 22 June 2006.

81. Hall, J.A.; Vondran, J.C.; Vanchina, M.A.; Jewell, D.E. When fed foods with similar palatability, healthy adult dogs and cats choose different macronutrient compositions. *J. Exp. Biol.* **2018**, *221*, jeb173450. [CrossRef]

82. Hewson-Hughes, A.K.; Colyer, A.; Simpson, S.J.; Raubenheimer, D. Balancing macronutrient intake in a mammalian carnivore: Disentangling the influences of flavour and nutrition. *R. Soc. Open Sci.* **2016**, *3*, 160081. [CrossRef]

83. Hewson-Hughes, A.K.; Hewson-Hughes, V.L.; Colyer, A.; Miller, A.T.; McGrane, S.J.; Hall, S.R.; Butterwick, R.F.; Simpson, S.J.; Raubenheimer, D. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in breeds of the domestic dog, *Canis lupus familiaris*. *Behav. Ecol.* **2013**, *24*, 293–304. [CrossRef]
84. Chan, J.W.C.; Araujo, J.A.; Zicker, S.C.; Pun, T.W.C.; Milgram, N.W. Effect of feeding patterns on performance of a visuospatial memory task in the beagle dog: A novel cognitive-based protocol for assessing satiety. *Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry* **2005**, *29*, 481–488. [CrossRef]

85. Knight, A.; Satchell, L. Vegan versus meat-based pet foods: Owner-reported palatability behaviours and implications for canine and feline welfare. *PLoS ONE* **2021**, *16*, e0253292. [CrossRef]

86. Alegría-Morán, R.A.; Guzmán-Pino, S.A.; Egaña, J.I.; Muñoz, C.; Figueroa, J. Food preferences in dogs: Effect of dietary composition and intrinsic variables on diet selection. *Animals* **2019**, *9*, 219. [CrossRef]

87. Smith, S.L.; Kronfeld, D.S.; Banta, C.A. Owners' perception of food flavor preferences of pet dogs in relation to measured preferences of laboratory dogs. *Appl. Anim. Ethol.* **1983**, *10*, 75–87. [CrossRef]

88. Burkholder, W.J.; Toll, P.W. Obesity. In *Small Animal Clinical Nutrition*; Hand, M.S., Thatcher, C.D., Remillard, R.L., Roudebush, P., Eds.; Mark Morris Institute: Topeka, KS, USA, 2000; pp. 476–508.

89. Prato-Previde, E.; Marshall-Pescini, S.; Valsecchi, P. Is your choice my choice? The owners' effect on pet dogs' (*Canis lupus familiaris*) performance in a food choice task. *Anim. Cogn.* **2008**, *11*, 167–174. [CrossRef]

90. Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Curtis, T.M.; Knowles, R.J. Social organization in the cat: A modern understanding. *J. Feline Med. Surg.* **2004**, *6*, 19–28. [CrossRef]

91. Lupfer-Johnson, G.; Ross, J. Dogs acquire food preferences from interacting with recently fed conspecifics. *Behav. Process.* **2007**, *74*, 104–106. [CrossRef]

92. Alegría-Morán, R.A.; Guzmán-Pino, S.A.; Egaña, J.I.; Sotomayor, V.; Figueroa, J. Food preferences in cats: Effect of dietary composition and intrinsic variables on diet selection. *Animals* **2019**, *9*, 372. [CrossRef]

93. Laflamme, D.; Izquierdo, O.; Eirmann, L.; Binder, S. Myths and misperceptions about ingredients used in commercial pet foods. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2014**, *44*, 689–698. [CrossRef]

94. Greenberg, M.J. Characterization of poultry by-product meal flavor volatiles. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1981**, *29*, 831–834. [CrossRef]

95. Greenberg, M.J. Characterization of meat and bone meal flavor volatiles. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1981**, *29*, 1276–1280. [CrossRef]

96. Alexander, P.; Berri, A.; Moran, D.; Reay, D.; Rounsevell, M.D.A. The global environmental paw print of pet food. *Glob. Environ. Chang.* **2020**, *65*, 102153. [CrossRef]

97. Bosch, G.; Swanson, K. Effect of using insects as feed on animals: Pet dogs and cats. *J. Insects Food Feed* **2021**, *7*, 795–805. [CrossRef]

98. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Scientific Advisory Board Carbohydrate Expert Review. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FEDIAF_Carbohydrates-OnlineK.pdf (accessed on 9 November 2023).

99. Ahlstrøm, Ø.; Krogdahl, Å.; Vhile, S.G.; Skrede, A. Fatty acid composition in commercial dog foods. *J. Nutr.* **2004**, *134*, 2145S–2147S. [CrossRef]

100. Montegiove, N.; Calzoni, E.; Cesaretti, A.; Alabed, H.; Pellegrino, R.M.; Emiliani, C.; Pellegrino, A.; Leonardi, L. Comprehensive evaluation of lipidic content in dry pet food raw materials: Comparison between fresh meats and meat meals. *Sci. Bull. Ser. F Biotechnol.* **2020**, *24*, 122–129.

101. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Code of Good Labelling Practice for Pet Food. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/FEDIAF_labeling_code_2019_onlineOctober2019.pdf (accessed on 9 November 2023).

102. Union, E. Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 Laying Down Health Rules as Regards Animal by-Products and Derived Products Not Intended for Human Consumption and Repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-Products Regulation). Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/1069/oj (accessed on 9 November 2023).

103. Funaba, M.; Oka, Y.; Kobayashi, S.; Kaneko, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Namikawa, K.; Iriki, T.; Hatano, Y.; Abe, M. Evaluation of meat meal, chicken meal, and corn gluten meal as dietary sources of protein in dry cat food. *Can. J. Vet. Res.* **2005**, *69*, 299–304.

104. Watson, P.E.; Thomas, D.G.; Bermingham, E.N.; Schreurs, N.M.; Parker, M.E. Drivers of palatability for cats and dogs—What it means for pet food development. *Animals* **2023**, *13*, 1134. [CrossRef]

105. Hullár, I.; Fekete, S.; Andrasofszky, E.; Szöcs, Z.; Berkenyi, T. Factors influencing the food preference of cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2001**, *85*, 205–211. [CrossRef]

106. Stasiak, M. The development of food preferences in cats: The new direction. *Nutr. Neurosci.* **2002**, *5*, 221–228. [CrossRef]

107. Meineri, G.; Candellone, A.; Tassone, S.; Peiretti, P.G.; Longato, E.; Pattono, D.; Russo, N.; Pagani, E.; Prola, L. Effects of “fresh mechanically deboned meat” inclusion on nutritional value, palatability, shelf-life microbiological risk and digestibility in dry dog food. *PLoS ONE* **2021**, *16*, e0250351. [CrossRef]

108. Shields, C.J. *Impact of Chicken Proteins on Canine Preference as Measured Using Sensory Analysis*; Kansas State University: Manhattan, KS, USA, 2022.

109. Koppel, K.; Gibson, M.W.; Alavi, S.; Aldrich, G. The effects of cooking process and meat inclusion on pet food flavor and texture characteristics. *Animals* **2014**, *4*, 254–271. [CrossRef]

110. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. Utilization and Processing of Fisheries and Aquaculture Production. Available online: https://www.fao.org/3/cc0461en/online/sofia/2022/utilization-processing-fisheries-production.html#fig36 (accessed on 9 November 2023).

111. Future Market Insights: Fish Based Pet Food Market Outlook. Available online: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/fish-based-pet-food-market (accessed on 9 November 2023).
84. Chan, J.W.C.; Araujo, J.A.; Zicker, S.C.; Pun, T.W.C.; Milgram, N.W. Effect of feeding patterns on performance of a visuospatial memory task in the beagle dog: A novel cognitive-based protocol for assessing satiety. *Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry* **2005**, *29*, 481–488. [CrossRef]

85. Knight, A.; Satchell, L. Vegan versus meat-based pet foods: Owner-reported palatability behaviours and implications for canine and feline welfare. *PLoS ONE* **2021**, *16*, e0253292. [CrossRef]

86. Alegría-Morán, R.A.; Guzmán-Pino, S.A.; Egaña, J.I.; Muñoz, C.; Figueroa, J. Food preferences in dogs: Effect of dietary composition and intrinsic variables on diet selection. *Animals* **2019**, *9*, 219. [CrossRef]

87. Smith, S.L.; Kronfeld, D.S.; Banta, C.A. Owners' perception of food flavor preferences of pet dogs in relation to measured preferences of laboratory dogs. *Appl. Anim. Ethol.* **1983**, *10*, 75–87. [CrossRef]

88. Burkholder, W.J.; Toll, P.W. Obesity. In *Small Animal Clinical Nutrition*; Hand, M.S., Thatcher, C.D., Remillard, R.L., Roudebush, P., Eds.; Mark Morris Institute: Topeka, KS, USA, 2000; pp. 476–508.

89. Prato-Previde, E.; Marshall-Pescini, S.; Valsecchi, P. Is your choice my choice? The owners' effect on pet dogs' (*Canis lupus familiaris*) performance in a food choice task. *Anim. Cogn.* **2008**, *11*, 167–174. [CrossRef]

90. Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Curtis, T.M.; Knowles, R.J. Social organization in the cat: A modern understanding. *J. Feline Med. Surg.* **2004**, *6*, 19–28. [CrossRef]

91. Lupfer-Johnson, G.; Ross, J. Dogs acquire food preferences from interacting with recently fed conspecifics. *Behav. Process.* **2007**, *74*, 104–106. [CrossRef]

92. Alegría-Morán, R.A.; Guzmán-Pino, S.A.; Egaña, J.I.; Sotomayor, V.; Figueroa, J. Food preferences in cats: Effect of dietary composition and intrinsic variables on diet selection. *Animals* **2019**, *9*, 372. [CrossRef]

93. Laflamme, D.; Izquierdo, O.; Eirmann, L.; Binder, S. Myths and misperceptions about ingredients used in commercial pet foods. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2014**, *44*, 689–698. [CrossRef]

94. Greenberg, M.J. Characterization of poultry by-product meal flavor volatiles. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1981**, *29*, 831–834. [CrossRef]

95. Greenberg, M.J. Characterization of meat and bone meal flavor volatiles. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1981**, *29*, 1276–1280. [CrossRef]

96. Alexander, P.; Berri, A.; Moran, D.; Reay, D.; Rounsevell, M.D.A. The global environmental paw print of pet food. *Glob. Environ. Chang.* **2020**, *65*, 102153. [CrossRef]

97. Bosch, G.; Swanson, K. Effect of using insects as feed on animals: Pet dogs and cats. *J. Insects Food Feed* **2021**, *7*, 795–805. [CrossRef]

98. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Scientific Advisory Board Carbohydrate Expert Review. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FEDIAF_Carbohydrates-OnlineK.pdf (accessed on 9 November 2023).

99. Ahlstrøm, Ø.; Krogdahl, Å.; Vhile, S.G.; Skrede, A. Fatty acid composition in commercial dog foods. *J. Nutr.* **2004**, *134*, 2145S–2147S. [CrossRef]

100. Montegiove, N.; Calzoni, E.; Cesaretti, A.; Alabed, H.; Pellegrino, R.M.; Emiliani, C.; Pellegrino, A.; Leonardi, L. Comprehensive evaluation of lipidic content in dry pet food raw materials: Comparison between fresh meats and meat meals. *Sci. Bull. Ser. F Biotechnol.* **2020**, *24*, 122–129.

101. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Code of Good Labelling Practice for Pet Food. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/FEDIAF_labeling_code_2019_onlineOctober2019.pdf (accessed on 9 November 2023).

102. Union, E. Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 Laying Down Health Rules as Regards Animal by-Products and Derived Products Not Intended for Human Consumption and Repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-Products Regulation). Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/1069/oj (accessed on 9 November 2023).

103. Funaba, M.; Oka, Y.; Kobayashi, S.; Kaneko, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Namikawa, K.; Iriki, T.; Hatano, Y.; Abe, M. Evaluation of meat meal, chicken meal, and corn gluten meal as dietary sources of protein in dry cat food. *Can. J. Vet. Res.* **2005**, *69*, 299–304.

104. Watson, P.E.; Thomas, D.G.; Bermingham, E.N.; Schreurs, N.M.; Parker, M.E. Drivers of palatability for cats and dogs—What it means for pet food development. *Animals* **2023**, *13*, 1134. [CrossRef]

105. Hullár, I.; Fekete, S.; Andrasofszky, E.; Szöcs, Z.; Berkenyi, T. Factors influencing the food preference of cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2001**, *85*, 205–211. [CrossRef]

106. Stasiak, M. The development of food preferences in cats: The new direction. *Nutr. Neurosci.* **2002**, *5*, 221–228. [CrossRef]

107. Meineri, G.; Candellone, A.; Tassone, S.; Peiretti, P.G.; Longato, E.; Pattono, D.; Russo, N.; Pagani, E.; Prola, L. Effects of “fresh mechanically deboned meat” inclusion on nutritional value, palatability, shelf-life microbiological risk and digestibility in dry dog food. *PLoS ONE* **2021**, *16*, e0250351. [CrossRef]

108. Shields, C.J. *Impact of Chicken Proteins on Canine Preference as Measured Using Sensory Analysis*; Kansas State University: Manhattan, KS, USA, 2022.

109. Koppel, K.; Gibson, M.W.; Alavi, S.; Aldrich, G. The effects of cooking process and meat inclusion on pet food flavor and texture characteristics. *Animals* **2014**, *4*, 254–271. [CrossRef]

110. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. Utilization and Processing of Fisheries and Aquaculture Production. Available online: https://www.fao.org/3/cc0461en/online/sofia/2022/utilization-processing-fisheries-production.html#fig36 (accessed on 9 November 2023).

111. Future Market Insights: Fish Based Pet Food Market Outlook. Available online: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/fish-based-pet-food-market (accessed on 9 November 2023).
112. Folador, J.F.; Karr-Lilienthal, L.K.; Parsons, C.M.; Bauer, L.L.; Utterback, P.L.; Schasteen, C.S.; Bechtel, P.J.; Fahey, G.C., Jr. Fish meals, fish components, and fish protein hydrolysates as potential ingredients in pet foods. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2006**, *84*, 2752–2765.
[CrossRef]

113. Verlinden, A.; Hesta, M.; Millet, S.; Janssens, G.P.J. Food allergy in dogs and cats: A review. *Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.* **2006**, *46*, 259–273. [CrossRef]

114. Gaschen, F.P.; Merchant, S.R. Adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2011**, *41*, 361–379. [CrossRef]

115. Olivry, T.; Mueller, R.S. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (9): Time to flare of cutaneous signs after a dietary challenge in dogs and cats with food allergies. *BMC Vet. Res.* **2020**, *16*, 1–4. [CrossRef]

116. Debnath, B.C.; Patil, M.B. Comparative evaluation of vegetarian and meat based dry pet food on palatability, food intake and growth performance in growing nondescript female dogs. *J. Anim. Res.* **2018**, *8*, 1015–1019. [CrossRef]

117. Callon, M.C.; Cargo-Froom, C.; DeVries, T.J.; Shoveller, A.K. Canine food preference assessment of animal and vegetable ingredient-based diets using single-pan tests and behavioral observation. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2017**, *4*, 154. [CrossRef]

118. Smith, S.C.; Aldrich, G. Evaluation of corn-fermented protein as a dietary ingredient in extruded dog and cat diets. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2023**, *7*, txad032. [CrossRef]

119. McCusker, S.; Buff, P.R.; Yu, Z.; Fascetti, A.J. Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: A search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods. *J. Nutr. Sci.* **2014**, *3*, e39. [CrossRef]

120. Bosch, G.; Zhang, S.; Oonincx, D.G.A.B.; Hendriks, W.H. Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods. *J. Nutr. Sci.* **2014**, *3*, e29. [CrossRef]

121. Kierończyk, B.; Rawski, M.; Pawełczyk, P.; Różynska, J.; Golusik, J.; Mikołajczak, Z.; Józefiak, D. Do insects smell attractive to dogs? A comparison of dog reactions to insects and commercial feed aromas—A preliminary study. *Ann. Anim. Sci.* **2018**, *18*, 795–800. [CrossRef]

122. Kępińska-Pacelik, J.; Biel, W. Insects in pet food industry—Hope or threat? *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 1515. [CrossRef]

123. Valdés, F.; Villanueva, V.; Durán, E.; Campos, F.; Avendaño, C.; Sánchez, M.; Domingoz-Araujo, C.; Valenzuela, C. Insects as feed for companion and exotic pets: A current trend. *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 1450. [CrossRef]

124. Buff, P.R.; Carter, R.A.; Bauer, J.E.; Kersey, J.H. Natural pet food: A review of natural diets and their impact on canine and feline physiology. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2014**, *92*, 3781–3791. [CrossRef]

125. Corsato Alvarenga, I.; Aldrich, G. Starch characterization of commercial extruded dry pet foods. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *4*, 1017–1022. [CrossRef]

126. Koppel, K.; Adhikari, K.; Di Donfrancesco, B. Volatile compounds in dry dog foods and their influence on sensory aromatic profile. *Molecules* **2013**, *18*, 2646–2662. [CrossRef]

127. Li, H.; Smith, S.; Aldrich, G.; Koppel, K. Preference ranking procedure proposal for dogs: A preliminary study. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2018**, *33*, e12307. [CrossRef]

128. Domingues, L.; Murakami, F.; Zattoni, D.; Kaelle, G.; de Oliveira, S.; Félix, A. Effect of potato on kibble characteristics and diet digestibility and palatability to adult dogs and puppies. *Ital. J. Anim. Sci.* **2019**, *18*, 292–300. [CrossRef]

129. de Brito, C.B.M.; Félix, A.P.; de Jesus, R.M.; de França, M.I.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Krabbe, E.L.; Maiorka, A. Digestibility and palatability of dog foods containing different moisture levels, and the inclusion of a mould inhibitor. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2010**, *159*, 150–155. [CrossRef]

130. De Godoy, M.R.C.; Kerr, K.R.; Fahey, J.; George, C. Alternative dietary fiber sources in companion animal nutrition. *Nutrients* **2013**, *5*, 3099–3117. [CrossRef]

131. Souza, C.M.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.B.; de Carvalho, P.G.B.; Bortolo, M.; Oliveira, S.G.d.; Félix, A.P. Effects of different levels of cassava fibre and traditional fibre sources on extrusion, kibble characteristics, and palatability of dog diets. *Ital. J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *21*, 764–770. [CrossRef]

132. Souza, C.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.; Bortolo, M.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Félix, A.P. Fine cassava fibre utilization as a dietary fibre source for dogs: Effects on kibble characteristics, diet digestibility and palatability, faecal metabolites and microbiota. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2023**, *107*, 18–29. [CrossRef]

133. Donadelli, R.A.; Dogan, H.; Aldrich, G. The effects of fiber source on extrusion processing parameters and kibble characteristics of dry cat foods. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *4*, txa185. [CrossRef]

134. Donadelli, R.A.; Dogan, H.; Aldrich, G. The effects of fiber source on extrusion parameters and kibble structure of dry dog foods. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2021**, *274*, 114884. [CrossRef]

135. Cucinotta, S.; Oteri, M.; Baller, M.A.; Scarpim, L.B.; Goloni, C.; Chiofalo, B.; Carciofi, A.C. Effect of citrus pellet on extrusion parameters, kibble macrostructure, starch cooking and in vitro digestibility of dog foods. *Animals* **2023**, *13*, 745. [CrossRef]

136. Pacheco, P.D.G.; Baller, M.A.; Peres, F.M.; de Mello Ribeiro, É.; Putarov, T.C.; Carciofi, A.C. Citrus pulp and orange fiber as dietary fiber sources for dogs. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2021**, *282*, 115123. [CrossRef]

137. Donadelli, R.A.; Aldrich, G. The effects of diets varying in fibre sources on nutrient utilization, stool quality and hairball management in cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2020**, *104*, 715–724. [CrossRef]

138. Finet, S.E.; Southey, B.R.; Rodriguez-Zas, S.L.; He, F.; De Godoy, M.R.C. Miscanthus grass as a novel functional fiber source in extruded feline diets. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2021**, *8*, 668288. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
112. Folador, J.F.; Karr-Lilienthal, L.K.; Parsons, C.M.; Bauer, L.L.; Utterback, P.L.; Schasteen, C.S.; Bechtel, P.J.; Fahey, G.C., Jr. Fish meals, fish components, and fish protein hydrolysates as potential ingredients in pet foods. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2006**, *84*, 2752–2765.
[CrossRef]

113. Verlinden, A.; Hesta, M.; Millet, S.; Janssens, G.P.J. Food allergy in dogs and cats: A review. *Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.* **2006**, *46*, 259–273. [CrossRef]

114. Gaschen, F.P.; Merchant, S.R. Adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. *Vet. Clin. Small Anim.* **2011**, *41*, 361–379. [CrossRef]

115. Olivry, T.; Mueller, R.S. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (9): Time to flare of cutaneous signs after a dietary challenge in dogs and cats with food allergies. *BMC Vet. Res.* **2020**, *16*, 1–4. [CrossRef]

116. Debnath, B.C.; Patil, M.B. Comparative evaluation of vegetarian and meat based dry pet food on palatability, food intake and growth performance in growing nondescript female dogs. *J. Anim. Res.* **2018**, *8*, 1015–1019. [CrossRef]

117. Callon, M.C.; Cargo-Froom, C.; DeVries, T.J.; Shoveller, A.K. Canine food preference assessment of animal and vegetable ingredient-based diets using single-pan tests and behavioral observation. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2017**, *4*, 154. [CrossRef]

118. Smith, S.C.; Aldrich, G. Evaluation of corn-fermented protein as a dietary ingredient in extruded dog and cat diets. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2023**, *7*, txad032. [CrossRef]

119. McCusker, S.; Buff, P.R.; Yu, Z.; Fascetti, A.J. Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: A search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods. *J. Nutr. Sci.* **2014**, *3*, e39. [CrossRef]

120. Bosch, G.; Zhang, S.; Oonincx, D.G.A.B.; Hendriks, W.H. Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods. *J. Nutr. Sci.* **2014**, *3*, e29. [CrossRef]

121. Kierończyk, B.; Rawski, M.; Pawełczyk, P.; Różynska, J.; Golusik, J.; Mikołajczak, Z.; Józefiak, D. Do insects smell attractive to dogs? A comparison of dog reactions to insects and commercial feed aromas—A preliminary study. *Ann. Anim. Sci.* **2018**, *18*, 795–800. [CrossRef]

122. Kępińska-Pacelik, J.; Biel, W. Insects in pet food industry—Hope or threat? *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 1515. [CrossRef]

123. Valdés, F.; Villanueva, V.; Durán, E.; Campos, F.; Avendaño, C.; Sánchez, M.; Domingoz-Araujo, C.; Valenzuela, C. Insects as feed for companion and exotic pets: A current trend. *Animals* **2022**, *12*, 1450. [CrossRef]

124. Buff, P.R.; Carter, R.A.; Bauer, J.E.; Kersey, J.H. Natural pet food: A review of natural diets and their impact on canine and feline physiology. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2014**, *92*, 3781–3791. [CrossRef]

125. Corsato Alvarenga, I.; Aldrich, G. Starch characterization of commercial extruded dry pet foods. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *4*, 1017–1022. [CrossRef]

126. Koppel, K.; Adhikari, K.; Di Donfrancesco, B. Volatile compounds in dry dog foods and their influence on sensory aromatic profile. *Molecules* **2013**, *18*, 2646–2662. [CrossRef]

127. Li, H.; Smith, S.; Aldrich, G.; Koppel, K. Preference ranking procedure proposal for dogs: A preliminary study. *J. Sens. Stud.* **2018**, *33*, e12307. [CrossRef]

128. Domingues, L.; Murakami, F.; Zattoni, D.; Kaelle, G.; de Oliveira, S.; Félix, A. Effect of potato on kibble characteristics and diet digestibility and palatability to adult dogs and puppies. *Ital. J. Anim. Sci.* **2019**, *18*, 292–300. [CrossRef]

129. de Brito, C.B.M.; Félix, A.P.; de Jesus, R.M.; de França, M.I.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Krabbe, E.L.; Maiorka, A. Digestibility and palatability of dog foods containing different moisture levels, and the inclusion of a mould inhibitor. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2010**, *159*, 150–155. [CrossRef]

130. De Godoy, M.R.C.; Kerr, K.R.; Fahey, J.; George, C. Alternative dietary fiber sources in companion animal nutrition. *Nutrients* **2013**, *5*, 3099–3117. [CrossRef]

131. Souza, C.M.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.B.; de Carvalho, P.G.B.; Bortolo, M.; Oliveira, S.G.d.; Félix, A.P. Effects of different levels of cassava fibre and traditional fibre sources on extrusion, kibble characteristics, and palatability of dog diets. *Ital. J. Anim. Sci.* **2022**, *21*, 764–770. [CrossRef]

132. Souza, C.M.; Bastos, T.S.; Kaelle, G.C.; Bortolo, M.; de Oliveira, S.G.; Félix, A.P. Fine cassava fibre utilization as a dietary fibre source for dogs: Effects on kibble characteristics, diet digestibility and palatability, faecal metabolites and microbiota. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2023**, *107*, 18–29. [CrossRef]

133. Donadelli, R.A.; Dogan, H.; Aldrich, G. The effects of fiber source on extrusion processing parameters and kibble characteristics of dry cat foods. *Trans. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *4*, txa185. [CrossRef]

134. Donadelli, R.A.; Dogan, H.; Aldrich, G. The effects of fiber source on extrusion parameters and kibble structure of dry dog foods. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2021**, *274*, 114884. [CrossRef]

135. Cucinotta, S.; Oteri, M.; Baller, M.A.; Scarpim, L.B.; Goloni, C.; Chiofalo, B.; Carciofi, A.C. Effect of citrus pellet on extrusion parameters, kibble macrostructure, starch cooking and in vitro digestibility of dog foods. *Animals* **2023**, *13*, 745. [CrossRef]

136. Pacheco, P.D.G.; Baller, M.A.; Peres, F.M.; de Mello Ribeiro, É.; Putarov, T.C.; Carciofi, A.C. Citrus pulp and orange fiber as dietary fiber sources for dogs. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2021**, *282*, 115123. [CrossRef]

137. Donadelli, R.A.; Aldrich, G. The effects of diets varying in fibre sources on nutrient utilization, stool quality and hairball management in cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2020**, *104*, 715–724. [CrossRef]

138. Finet, S.E.; Southey, B.R.; Rodriguez-Zas, S.L.; He, F.; De Godoy, M.R.C. Miscanthus grass as a novel functional fiber source in extruded feline diets. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2021**, *8*, 668288. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
139. Detweiler, K.B.; He, F.; Mangian, H.F.; Davenport, G.M.; De Godoy, M.R.C. Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: Effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2019**, *97*, 1042–1051. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

140. Beloshapka, A.N.; Buff, P.R.; Fahey, G.C.; Swanson, K.S. Compositional analysis of whole grains, processed grains, grain co-products, and other carbohydrate sources with applicability to pet animal nutrition. *Foods* **2016**, *5*, 23. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

141. Spears, J.K.; Grieshop, C.M.; Fahey, G.C., Jr. Evaluation of stabilized rice bran as an ingredient in dry extruded dog diets. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2004**, *82*, 1122–1135. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

142. Lin, S.; Hsieh, F.; Huff, H.E. Effects of lipids and processing conditions on lipid oxidation of extruded dry pet food during storage. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **1998**, *71*, 283–294. [CrossRef]

143. Kotob, G.; Sluczanowski, N.; Anusha Siddiqui, S.; Martin Tome, N.; Dalim, M.; van der Raad, P.; Aarts, K.; Paul, A. Potential application of black soldier fly fats in canine and feline diet formulations: A review of literature. *J. Asia-Pacif. Entomol.* **2022**, *25*, 101994. [CrossRef]

144. Kane, E.; Leung, P.M.B.; Rogers, Q.R.; Morris, J.G. Diurnal feeding and drinking patterns of adult cats as affected by changes in the level of fat in the diet. *Appetite* **1987**, *9*, 89–98. [CrossRef]

145. Kim, H.S.; Aldrich, G. Extrusion and product parameters for extruded dog diets with graded levels of whole soybeans. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2023**, *295*, 115504. [CrossRef]

146. Kim, H.S.; Li, S.; Zheng, Y.; Aldrich, G. Apparent total tract digestibility and palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of whole soybeans by dogs. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2023**, *10*, 637–647. [CrossRef]

147. Félix, A.P.; Carvalho, M.P.; Alarça, L.G.; Brito, C.B.M.; Oliveira, S.G.; Maiorka, A. Effects of the inclusion of carbohydrates and different soybean meals in the diet on palatability, digestibility and faecal characteristics in dogs. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2012**, *174*, 182–189. [CrossRef]

148. Pétel, C.; Pachot, P.; Bramoullé, L.; Cambou, S.; Callejon, L. Moisture Impact on Kibble Parameters and Dog's Sensory Perception. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/impact-of-dog-kibbles-moisture-on-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 12 November 2023).

149. Kierończyk, B.; Rawski, M.; Józefiak, A.; Mazurkiewicz, J.; Świątkiewicz, S.; Siwek, M.; Bednarczyk, M.; Szumacher-Strabel, M.; Cieślak, A.; Benzertiha, A.; et al. Effects of replacing soybean oil with selected insect fats on broilers. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *240*, 170–183. [CrossRef]

150. Freel, T.A.; McComb, A.; Koutsos, E.A. Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae meal and black soldier fly larvae oil in dogs. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2021**, *99*, skab047. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

151. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. How Dry Pet Food Is Made. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/pet-food-facts/fact-sheets/quality-and-safety/how-dry-pet-food-is-made/ (accessed on 9 November 2023).

152. Industry, T.P.F. The Pet Food Industry. Understanding the Science Behind Pet Food Palatability. Available online: https://www.petfoodprocessing.net/articles/13789-understanding-the-science-behind-pet-food-palatability (accessed on 9 November 2023).

153. Association of American Feed Control Officials. 2018 Official Publication; AAFCO: Champaign, IL, USA, 2018.

154. Girot, P.-M. Kibble coating: Back to Basics. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/kibble-coating-back-to-basics/#downloadpublication (accessed on 10 November 2023).

155. Fournier, M. Scientific Release: Impact of Kibble Formulation on Palatability. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/impact-of-kibble-formulation-on-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

156. Inal, F.; Alatas, M.S.; Kahraman, O.; Inal, S.; Uludag, M. Determination of fat preferences of adult dogs. *Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *44*, 481–486. [CrossRef]

157. MacDonald, M.L.; Rogers, Q.R.; Morris, J.G. Aversion of the cat to dietary medium-chain triglycerides and caprylic acid. *Physiol. Behav.* **1985**, *35*, 371–375. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

158. Dhakal, J.; Aldrich, G. Use of medium chain fatty acids to mitigate *Salmonella Typhimurium* (ATCC 14028) on dry pet food kibbles. *J. Food Prot.* **2020**, *83*, 1505–1511. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

159. Callejon, L.; Levesque, A.; Niceron, C.; Le Breton, B. Use of Fat Compositions for Sustaining an Enhanced Palatability of Pet Food Over Time. U.S. Patent 2015/0237887 A1, 27 August 2015.

160. Lin, H. Method of Preparing Palatability Enhancer. WO 2015/076818 A1, 28 May 2015.

161. MacGillivray, T.F. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Containing Food Ingredient with Enhanced Palatability and Method for Manufacturing the Same. WO 2020/123965 A1, 18 June 2020.

162. Ashie, I.; Yu, H.N.; Vanacker, P. Liquid Animal Digests Including Dairy Fat. WO 2023/194823 A1, 12 October 2023.

163. Nagodawithana, T.W.; Nelles, L.; Trivedi, N.B. Protein hydrolysates as hypoallergenic, flavors and palatants for companion animals. In *Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology*; Pasupuleti, V.K., Demain, A.L., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2010; pp. 191–207.

164. Anuar, M.A.K.; Narashid, N.H.H.; Salleh, M.M.; Yahya, A. A review: Conversion of chicken viscera into protein hydrolysate for palatant production. *MJFAS* **2017**, *13*, 606–611.

165. Maillard, L.C. Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: Formation des mélangoidines par voie méthodique. *C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris* **1912**, *154*, 66–68.

166. Hodge, J.E. Chemistry of browning reactions in model systems. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1953**, *46*, 2599–2600.
139. Detweiler, K.B.; He, F.; Mangian, H.F.; Davenport, G.M.; De Godoy, M.R.C. Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: Effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2019**, *97*, 1042–1051. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

140. Beloshapka, A.N.; Buff, P.R.; Fahey, G.C.; Swanson, K.S. Compositional analysis of whole grains, processed grains, grain co-products, and other carbohydrate sources with applicability to pet animal nutrition. *Foods* **2016**, *5*, 23. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

141. Spears, J.K.; Grieshop, C.M.; Fahey, G.C., Jr. Evaluation of stabilized rice bran as an ingredient in dry extruded dog diets. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2004**, *82*, 1122–1135. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

142. Lin, S.; Hsieh, F.; Huff, H.E. Effects of lipids and processing conditions on lipid oxidation of extruded dry pet food during storage. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **1998**, *71*, 283–294. [CrossRef]

143. Kotob, G.; Sluczanowski, N.; Anusha Siddiqui, S.; Martin Tome, N.; Dalim, M.; van der Raad, P.; Aarts, K.; Paul, A. Potential application of black soldier fly fats in canine and feline diet formulations: A review of literature. *J. Asia-Pacif. Entomol.* **2022**, *25*, 101994. [CrossRef]

144. Kane, E.; Leung, P.M.B.; Rogers, Q.R.; Morris, J.G. Diurnal feeding and drinking patterns of adult cats as affected by changes in the level of fat in the diet. *Appetite* **1987**, *9*, 89–98. [CrossRef]

145. Kim, H.S.; Aldrich, G. Extrusion and product parameters for extruded dog diets with graded levels of whole soybeans. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2023**, *295*, 115504. [CrossRef]

146. Kim, H.S.; Li, S.; Zheng, Y.; Aldrich, G. Apparent total tract digestibility and palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of whole soybeans by dogs. *Front. Vet. Sci.* **2023**, *10*, 637–647. [CrossRef]

147. Félix, A.P.; Carvalho, M.P.; Alarça, L.G.; Brito, C.B.M.; Oliveira, S.G.; Maiorka, A. Effects of the inclusion of carbohydrates and different soybean meals in the diet on palatability, digestibility and faecal characteristics in dogs. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2012**, *174*, 182–189. [CrossRef]

148. Pétel, C.; Pachot, P.; Bramoullé, L.; Cambou, S.; Callejon, L. Moisture Impact on Kibble Parameters and Dog's Sensory Perception. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/impact-of-dog-kibbles-moisture-on-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 12 November 2023).

149. Kierończyk, B.; Rawski, M.; Józefiak, A.; Mazurkiewicz, J.; Świątkiewicz, S.; Siwek, M.; Bednarczyk, M.; Szumacher-Strabel, M.; Cieślak, A.; Benzertiha, A.; et al. Effects of replacing soybean oil with selected insect fats on broilers. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *240*, 170–183. [CrossRef]

150. Freel, T.A.; McComb, A.; Koutsos, E.A. Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae meal and black soldier fly larvae oil in dogs. *J. Anim. Sci.* **2021**, *99*, skab047. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

151. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. How Dry Pet Food Is Made. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/pet-food-facts/fact-sheets/quality-and-safety/how-dry-pet-food-is-made/ (accessed on 9 November 2023).

152. Industry, T.P.F. The Pet Food Industry. Understanding the Science Behind Pet Food Palatability. Available online: https://www.petfoodprocessing.net/articles/13789-understanding-the-science-behind-pet-food-palatability (accessed on 9 November 2023).

153. Association of American Feed Control Officials. 2018 Official Publication; AAFCO: Champaign, IL, USA, 2018.

154. Girot, P.-M. Kibble coating: Back to Basics. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/kibble-coating-back-to-basics/#downloadpublication (accessed on 10 November 2023).

155. Fournier, M. Scientific Release: Impact of Kibble Formulation on Palatability. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/impact-of-kibble-formulation-on-palatability/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

156. Inal, F.; Alatas, M.S.; Kahraman, O.; Inal, S.; Uludag, M. Determination of fat preferences of adult dogs. *Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.* **2020**, *44*, 481–486. [CrossRef]

157. MacDonald, M.L.; Rogers, Q.R.; Morris, J.G. Aversion of the cat to dietary medium-chain triglycerides and caprylic acid. *Physiol. Behav.* **1985**, *35*, 371–375. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

158. Dhakal, J.; Aldrich, G. Use of medium chain fatty acids to mitigate *Salmonella Typhimurium* (ATCC 14028) on dry pet food kibbles. *J. Food Prot.* **2020**, *83*, 1505–1511. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

159. Callejon, L.; Levesque, A.; Niceron, C.; Le Breton, B. Use of Fat Compositions for Sustaining an Enhanced Palatability of Pet Food Over Time. U.S. Patent 2015/0237887 A1, 27 August 2015.

160. Lin, H. Method of Preparing Palatability Enhancer. WO 2015/076818 A1, 28 May 2015.

161. MacGillivray, T.F. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Containing Food Ingredient with Enhanced Palatability and Method for Manufacturing the Same. WO 2020/123965 A1, 18 June 2020.

162. Ashie, I.; Yu, H.N.; Vanacker, P. Liquid Animal Digests Including Dairy Fat. WO 2023/194823 A1, 12 October 2023.

163. Nagodawithana, T.W.; Nelles, L.; Trivedi, N.B. Protein hydrolysates as hypoallergenic, flavors and palatants for companion animals. In *Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology*; Pasupuleti, V.K., Demain, A.L., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2010; pp. 191–207.

164. Anuar, M.A.K.; Narashid, N.H.H.; Salleh, M.M.; Yahya, A. A review: Conversion of chicken viscera into protein hydrolysate for palatant production. *MJFAS* **2017**, *13*, 606–611.

165. Maillard, L.C. Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: Formation des mélangoidines par voie méthodique. *C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris* **1912**, *154*, 66–68.

166. Hodge, J.E. Chemistry of browning reactions in model systems. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **1953**, *46*, 2599–2600.
167. Whitfield, F.B.; Mottram, D.S. Volatiles from interactions of Maillard reactions and lipids. *Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.* **1992**, *31*, 1–58.
[CrossRef]

168. Diez-Simon, C.; Mumm, R.; Hall, R.D. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of volatiles as a new tool for understanding aroma and flavour chemistry in processed food products. *Metabolomics* **2019**, *15*, 41. [CrossRef]

169. Chen, M.; Chen, X.; Nsor-Atindana, J.; Masamba, K.G.; Ma, J.; Zhong, F. Optimization of key aroma compounds for dog food attractant. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2017**, *225*, 173–181. [CrossRef]

170. Shi, Z.; Chin, H.-W.; Dull, B.; Fotos, J. Palatability Enhancers for Pet Food and Methods of Manufacture. U.S. 2008/0085350 A1, 10 April 2008.

171. Limacher, A.; Kerler, J.; Davidek, T.; Schmalzried, F.; Blank, I. Formation of furan and methylfuran by Maillard-type reactions in model systems and food. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **2008**, *56*, 3639–3647. [CrossRef]

172. Feng, T.; Hu, Z.; Tong, Y.; Yao, L.; Zhuang, H.; Zhu, X.; Song, S.; Lu, J. Preparation and evaluation of mushroom (*Lentinus edodes*) and mealworm (*Tenebrio molitor*) as dog food attractant. *Heliyon* **2020**, *6*, e05302. [CrossRef]

173. Chen, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Preparation Method of Pet Food Palatability Enhancer Taking Insects as Main Materials, Palatability Enhancer and Application. CN 115088786 A, 25 May 2022.

174. de Ratuld, A.; Radix, A. Sustainable Palatants: From Alternative Sourcing to Eco-Design, How to Create Value While Addressing Pet Food Industry Challenges. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/sustainable-palatants/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

175. Kealy, R.D. Synergistic Flavor Enhancing Coatings for Cat Food Compositions Comprising Citric and Phosphoric Acids. U.S. Patent 3,930,031, 30 December 1975.

176. Mohrman, R.K.; Kifer, P.E.; Oborsh, E.V. Cat Food with Hexamic Acid Flavorant. U.S. Patent 3,679,429 A, 25 July 1972.

177. Aubril, D.; Callejon, L. Palatability Enhancers for Pet Food, Method of Preparation and Uses Thereof. EP 3 082 445 B1, 27 July 2022.

178. Corsato Alvarenga, I.; Keller, L.C.; Waldy, C.; Aldrich, G. Extrusion processing modifications of a dog kibble at large scale alter levels of starch available to animal enzymatic digestion. *Foods* **2021**, *10*, 2526. [CrossRef]

179. Pacheco, P.D.G.; Putarov, T.C.; Baller, M.A.; Peres, F.M.; Loureiro, B.A.; Carciofi, A.C. Thermal energy application on extrusion and nutritional characteristics of dog foods. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *243*, 52–63. [CrossRef]

180. Baller, M.A.; Pacheco, P.D.G.; Vitta-Takahashi, A.; Putarov, T.C.; Vasconcellos, R.S.; Carciofi, A.C. Effects of thermal energy on extrusion characteristics, digestibility and palatability of a dry pet food for cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2021**, *105*, 76–90.
[CrossRef]

181. Vanacker, P.; Pibarot, P. Methods for Enhancing Palatability of Liquid Animal Digest. U.S. Patent 2016/0044937 A1, 18 February 2016.

182. Perez, E. Vacuum coating: Principles and application. In Proceedings of the Advances in nutritional technology 2001: Proceedings of the 1st World Feed Conference, Utrecht, Netherlands, 7–8 November 2001; pp. 83–96.

183. Chaabani, A.; Labonne, L.; Tercero, C.A.; Picard, J.-P.; Advenier, C.; Durrieu, V.; Rouilly, A.; Skiba, F.; Evon, P. Optimization of vacuum coating conditions to improve oil retention in Trout feed. *Aquacult. Eng.* **2020**, *91*, 102127. [CrossRef]

184. Revéret, E.; Bramoullé, L.; Revéret, E.; Bramoullé, L. Fat Coating, Dry Palatant Availability and Palatability Performance in Cats. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/fat-coating-dry-palatant-availability-and-palatability-performance-in-cats/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

185. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Pet Food Trends. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/pet-food-facts/pet-food-trends/ (accessed on 15 November 2023).

**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
167. Whitfield, F.B.; Mottram, D.S. Volatiles from interactions of Maillard reactions and lipids. *Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.* **1992**, *31*, 1–58.
[CrossRef]

168. Diez-Simon, C.; Mumm, R.; Hall, R.D. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of volatiles as a new tool for understanding aroma and flavour chemistry in processed food products. *Metabolomics* **2019**, *15*, 41. [CrossRef]

169. Chen, M.; Chen, X.; Nsor-Atindana, J.; Masamba, K.G.; Ma, J.; Zhong, F. Optimization of key aroma compounds for dog food attractant. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2017**, *225*, 173–181. [CrossRef]

170. Shi, Z.; Chin, H.-W.; Dull, B.; Fotos, J. Palatability Enhancers for Pet Food and Methods of Manufacture. U.S. 2008/0085350 A1, 10 April 2008.

171. Limacher, A.; Kerler, J.; Davidek, T.; Schmalzried, F.; Blank, I. Formation of furan and methylfuran by Maillard-type reactions in model systems and food. *J. Agric. Food Chem.* **2008**, *56*, 3639–3647. [CrossRef]

172. Feng, T.; Hu, Z.; Tong, Y.; Yao, L.; Zhuang, H.; Zhu, X.; Song, S.; Lu, J. Preparation and evaluation of mushroom (*Lentinus edodes*) and mealworm (*Tenebrio molitor*) as dog food attractant. *Heliyon* **2020**, *6*, e05302. [CrossRef]

173. Chen, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Preparation Method of Pet Food Palatability Enhancer Taking Insects as Main Materials, Palatability Enhancer and Application. CN 115088786 A, 25 May 2022.

174. de Ratuld, A.; Radix, A. Sustainable Palatants: From Alternative Sourcing to Eco-Design, How to Create Value While Addressing Pet Food Industry Challenges. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/sustainable-palatants/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

175. Kealy, R.D. Synergistic Flavor Enhancing Coatings for Cat Food Compositions Comprising Citric and Phosphoric Acids. U.S. Patent 3,930,031, 30 December 1975.

176. Mohrman, R.K.; Kifer, P.E.; Oborsh, E.V. Cat Food with Hexamic Acid Flavorant. U.S. Patent 3,679,429 A, 25 July 1972.

177. Aubril, D.; Callejon, L. Palatability Enhancers for Pet Food, Method of Preparation and Uses Thereof. EP 3 082 445 B1, 27 July 2022.

178. Corsato Alvarenga, I.; Keller, L.C.; Waldy, C.; Aldrich, G. Extrusion processing modifications of a dog kibble at large scale alter levels of starch available to animal enzymatic digestion. *Foods* **2021**, *10*, 2526. [CrossRef]

179. Pacheco, P.D.G.; Putarov, T.C.; Baller, M.A.; Peres, F.M.; Loureiro, B.A.; Carciofi, A.C. Thermal energy application on extrusion and nutritional characteristics of dog foods. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *243*, 52–63. [CrossRef]

180. Baller, M.A.; Pacheco, P.D.G.; Vitta-Takahashi, A.; Putarov, T.C.; Vasconcellos, R.S.; Carciofi, A.C. Effects of thermal energy on extrusion characteristics, digestibility and palatability of a dry pet food for cats. *J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.* **2021**, *105*, 76–90.
[CrossRef]

181. Vanacker, P.; Pibarot, P. Methods for Enhancing Palatability of Liquid Animal Digest. U.S. Patent 2016/0044937 A1, 18 February 2016.

182. Perez, E. Vacuum coating: Principles and application. In Proceedings of the Advances in nutritional technology 2001: Proceedings of the 1st World Feed Conference, Utrecht, Netherlands, 7–8 November 2001; pp. 83–96.

183. Chaabani, A.; Labonne, L.; Tercero, C.A.; Picard, J.-P.; Advenier, C.; Durrieu, V.; Rouilly, A.; Skiba, F.; Evon, P. Optimization of vacuum coating conditions to improve oil retention in Trout feed. *Aquacult. Eng.* **2020**, *91*, 102127. [CrossRef]

184. Revéret, E.; Bramoullé, L.; Revéret, E.; Bramoullé, L. Fat Coating, Dry Palatant Availability and Palatability Performance in Cats. Available online: https://petfood.symrise.com/emea-fr/publications/fat-coating-dry-palatant-availability-and-palatability-performance-in-cats/#downloadpublication (accessed on 9 November 2023).

185. The European Pet Food Industry, FEDIAF. Pet Food Trends. Available online: https://europeanpetfood.org/pet-food-facts/pet-food-trends/ (accessed on 15 November 2023).

**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.