# In vitro androgenesis in cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)

Yves Lespinasse, Yongxiang Zhang

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## To cite this version:

Yves Lespinasse, Yongxiang Zhang. In vitro androgenesis in cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh). Impact of Biotechnology in Agriculture, Jul 1989, Amiens, France. 1 p. hal-01606392

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IN VITRO ANDROGENESIS IN CULTIVATED

APPLE

(Malus x domestica Borkh)

Yongxiang ZHANG and Yves LESPINASSE

I. N. R. A.

Station d'Amélioration des Espèces Fruitières et Ornementales.

BEAUCOUZE 49000 ANGERS France.

In Vitro anther culture of Malus x domestica has produced a number of androgenetic embryos in three genotypes ('Topred', 'Starking' and 'Rr') and androgenetic calli in three other genotypes ('Golden Delicious', 'R18-16' and 'Doubled Haploid'). Cytological observations showed that androgenetic development has been induced mainly by a diversion of the 1st pollinic mitosis leading to 2 identical nuclei. Our studies have shown : 1°) the genotype plays a determining role in androgenetic embryo formation ; 2°) a cold pretreatment (≥ 5 weeks at 2 to 6°C) applied to flower bud before anther culture has proved to be necessary for embryo formation ; 3°) low concentration of phytohormones, especially of auxins, favor embryo production as well as collogenesis ; 4°) sucrose at 3 % favors embryo formation and callus production. Three major problems were identified : 1°) the fluctuation of results from one year to another ; 2°) the failure to regenerate plants from androgenetic calli ; 3°) the inhibition in vitro of the embryos obtained. However, the neoformation of adventitious shoots in some embryos was promising for the production of androgenetic plants.

Colloque "Impact of Biotechnology in Agriculture".
Amiens, 10-12 Juillet 1989.