# Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem

Cecile Swiatek Cassafieres

► To cite this version:

Cecile Swiatek Cassafieres. Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem. Doctoral. Open Science, Nanterre (92), France. 2025, pp.14. hal-05490846

HAL Id: hal-05490846

https://hal.science/hal-05490846v1

Submitted on 3 Feb 2026

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Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Attribution - International License
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# Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem

## Useful links

Session : 2025-11-13

### Teacher

Cecile SWIATEK CASSAFIERES: University Paris Nanterre Library Director and Open Science Expert with EDUC https://www.educalliance.eu/ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-4559

### Description

The scientific, technological, economic and digital environment for researchers has been changing rapidly for several years. The aim of this open science training course is to give you a practical, factual overview of public policies on opening up, sharing and protecting publicly-funded scientific publications and other academic research output at European level. To do this, we will discover the publications ecosystem, and together we will grasp the issues involved in choosing whether to share your scientific research results selectively or in their entirety.

### Learning outcomes

* Understand and manage the bibliodiversity of your publications and research results

* Define your choices for sharing your research in an open science ecosystem

### Licence

CC-BY 4.0

### DOI

10.5281/zenodo.17639453. Availability zenodo.org, EDUC Moodle, https://cel.hal.science

### Keywords

Open science, open access, ethics, rights retention, scholarly publication, research data

Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem

- Useful links -

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17639453; available on zenodo.org, EDUC Moodle and https://cel.hal.science

EDUC-LIB / EDUC-WIDE OSEG / OA week: Open science training, 03 Nov, 2025

Cécile Swiatek Cassafieres, 0000-0003-1066-4559, Univ. Paris Nanterre
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Université
Paris Nanterre

## References and useful links

Accessing OA research GreyLit, PhD/Thesis and publications

OpenGrey

OATD - Open Access PhD and Thesis

BASE

RDM & FAIR Data

FAIR Data

RDM at your university

What is a Data paper ?

The "classic" scientific publishing model

APCs/BPCs

European Commission, funding and Open Science

LERU

ANR

Focus on "Diamond"

Europe : EDCH

Diamond : hello, World !

UNESCO and Open Science

LIBEREurope : Open skills visualisation diagram

Plan S for Rights Retention / Author's rights

Open licensing

LERU and Ethics H2020

ORCID

# References and useful links

## Accessing OA research GreyLit, PhD/Thesis and publications

### OpenGrey

"OpenGrey, System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, is your open access to 1 014 872 bibliographic references of grey literature produced in Europe and allows you to export records and locate the documents. Examples of grey (gray) literature include technical and research reports, doctoral dissertations, conference papers, official publications, and other types of grey literature. In 1980, this information resource first began as a bibliographic database under the name SIGLE. In 2006, the records migrated to OpenSIGLE-an open access database. In 2010 its name was changed to the OpenGrey Repository given that full-texts documents began to be ingested and preserved. And in 2020,

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Université
Paris Nanterre

Inist-CNRS (service provider) gave notice that OpenGrey will be discontinued. In order to guarantee open access to this resource, it is now archived as a database in DANS EASY-a data archive certified with the Nestor and CoreTrustSeal".

https://opengrey.eu/

https://libguides.kcl.ac.uk/systematicreview/greylit for medical systematic reviews, for example.

## OATD - Open Access PhD and Thesis

https://oatd.org/

"Metadata (information about the theses) comes from over 1100 colleges, universities, and research institutions. OATD currently indexes 7,464,811 theses and dissertations.

You may also want to consult these sites to search for other theses:

Google Scholar

NDLTD, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. NDLTD provides information and a search engine for electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), whether they are open access or not.

Proquest Theses and Dissertations (PQDT), a database of dissertations and theses, whether they were published electronically or in print, and mostly available for purchase. Access to PQDT may be limited; consult your local library for access information".

## BASE

"BASE is a search engine developed as part of the Open Archives Initiative project by Bielefeld University (Germany). It is based on Fast Search & Transfer technology and contributed to the European project Digital Repository Infrastructure Vision for European Research (DRIVER)".

https://www.base-search.net/

++ : the "claim" function, linked to your ORCID ID.

## RDM & FAIR Data

### FAIR Data

#### Findable

The first step in (re)using data is to find them. Metadata and data should be easy to find for both humans and computers. Machine-readable metadata are essential for automatic discovery of datasets and services, so this is an essential component of the FAIRification process.

F1. (Meta-)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier

Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem
- Useful links -
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17639453 ; available on zenodo.org, EDUC Moodle and https://cel.hal.science
EDUC-LIB / EDUC-WIDE OSEG / OA week : Open science training, 03 Nov, 2025
Cécile Swiatek Cassafieres, 0000-0003-1066-4559, Univ. Paris Nanterre
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Université
Paris Nanterre

F2. Data are described with rich metadata (defined by R1 below)

F3. Metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe

F4. (Meta-)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource

**Accessible**

Once the user finds the required data, she/he/they need to know how they can be accessed, possibly including authentication and authorisation.

A1. (Meta-)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol

A1.1 The protocol is open, free, and universally implementable

A1.2 The protocol allows for an authentication and authorisation procedure, where necessary

A2. Metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available

**Interoperable**

The data usually need to be integrated with other data. In addition, the data need to
interoperate with applications or workflows for analysis, storage, and processing.

I1. (Meta-)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation.

I2. (Meta-)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles

I3. (Meta-)data include qualified references to other (meta-)data

**Reusable**

The ultimate goal of FAIR is to optimise the reuse of data. To achieve this, metadata and data should be well-described so that they can be replicated and/or combined in different settings.

R1. (Meta-)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes

R1.1. (Meta-)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license

R1.2. (Meta-)data are associated with detailed provenance

R1.3. (Meta-)data meet domain-relevant community standards

Understanding and defining your choices for sharing your research results in an open scientific ecosystem

- Useful links -

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17639453; available on zenodo.org, EDUC Moodle and https://cel.hal.science

EDUC-LIB / EDUC-WIDE OSEG / OA week : Open science training, 03 Nov, 2025

Cécile Swiatek Cassafieres, 0000-0003-1066-4559, Univ. Paris Nanterre

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The principles refer to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about that digital object), and infrastructure. For instance, principle F4 defines that both metadata and data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource (the infrastructure component).

GO-FAIR, European Project

https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/

https://www.go-fair.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/FAIRPrinciples_overview.pdf and

https://www.go-fair.org/resources/rdm-starter-kit/

LIBEREurope.eu, European Research Libraries

https://libereurope.eu/working-group/research-data-management/documents-resources/

Research Data Alliance (RDA), global with RDA-Europe (regional) and RDA by country

https://www.rd-alliance.org/rda-and-national-open-science-policies/

## RDM at your university

>> Atelier de la donnée Ardoise at Rennes, Atelier de la donnée ADN at Nanterre, RDM support services at your university : ask a librarian to identify your RDM support service.

https://scienceouverte.univ-rennes.fr/ardoise-atelier-rennais-de-la-donnee

https://science-ouverte.parisnanterre.fr/donnees-ouvertes-open-data/les-donnees-de-la-recherche/atelier-de-la-donnee

## What is a Data paper ?

Scientific article describing a dataset. Can be published in a data journal or in a traditional magazine. Peer review.

A data paper generally includes the following elements :

- access to the dataset, in the form of either attached files or a permanent link to a data warehouse;

- a detailed description (metadata) of the dataset (production context, authors, attached rights, etc.).

## The “classic” scientific publishing model

Ask yourself :

- Are there any issues arising from this model? What could be missing in this model?

- How did we get to this situation?

- What is the reason why all researchers do not publish in freely accessible journals?
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Université
Paris Nanterre

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**$$ Public funds pay for research**

Research gets proposed, funded, and reported on.

**Reuse**

Works and data get read, cited, replicated, and recombined.

**$$ Public funds pay for preservation infrastructure**

**Preservation**

Copies of the work may be saved for long-term access and integrity of the scholarly record.

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The Scholarly
Publication Cycle

**Evaluation**

Academic works are evaluated for quality and edited by their peers.

**$$ Public funds pay academics' salaries**

**Publication**

A publisher provides editing, layout, and publication services. Pre-print servers, repositories, websites, and more also make results public.

**Description, Dissemination, and Access**

Works are distributed in print or online, through libraries, indexing and abstract services, retailers, and the web. Metadata makes them discoverable.

**$$ Public funds pay for universities to purchase back paywalled research results**

https://libguides.memphis.edu/scholcomm

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Réalisation : Direction de la communication de l'Université Savoie Mont Blanc

https://www.univ-smb.fr/2018/06/10/lusmb-facilite-lacces-aux-travaux-de-recherche-issus-de-ses-laboratoires-%E2%80%A8avec-larchive-ouverte-pluridisciplinaire-hal/
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## APCs/BPCs

OpenAPCs https://openapc.net/

"The OpenAPC initiative collects and disseminates datasets on fees paid for open access publishing on GitHub under an open database license.

APC Treemap Visualisations and aggregated collections, searchable by publisher, institution, journal, additional costs : https://treemaps.openapc.net/".

## European Commission, funding and Open Science

European Commission/ Open science unit and Horizon Europe ; factsheets

https://rea.ec.europa.eu/open-science_en and

https://www.horizon-europe.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2021-07/h2020---ipr-helpdesk---open-a-ccess-3953.pdf and https://openscience.eu/Open-Science-in-Horizon-Europe

Q&A on what you should comply with when applying for funding and implementing your project

https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/knowledge-publications-tools-and-data/publicat ions/all-publications/horizon-europe-factsheets_en >> "15 JUNE 2021 - Horizon Europe -

Open science : early knowledge and data sharing, and open collaboration"

>> https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/gateways/horizon-europe/for-authors/publish- your-research

## LERU

https://www.leru.org/publications/open-science-and-its-role-in-universities-a -roadmap-for-cultural-change

and https://www.leru.org/publications/implementing-open-science

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## ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche, France)

Reference : French National Research Agency (Agence nationale de la Recherche, ANR)

https://anr.fr/en/anrs-role-in-research/commitments/open-science/

"The French National Research Agency (ANR) is a public administrative institution under the authority of the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. The agency funds project-based research carried out by public operators cooperating with each other or with private companies".

2025 :

https://anr.fr/en/anrs-role-in-research/commitments/open-science/the-anr-open-science-moni tor/

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Focus on “Diamond”

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DIAMAS

"Diamond OA is an equitable model of scholarly publication that charges no fees to authors or readers and in which the content-related elements of publication are owned and controlled by the scholarly communities".

Europe : EDCH

The European Diamond Capacity Hub (EDCH) is a collective that provides services for Diamond Open Access Publishers, Service Providers, and Tools & Technology Providers. It takes its place alongside other regional Capacity Hubs such as Redalyc-Amelica and AJOL, and thus provides a gateway to the global Diamond Open Access community.
Europe : EDCH [https://diamas.org/](https://diamas.org/)

Diamond : hello, World !

2023 - [https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/global-summit-on-diamond-open-access/](https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/global-summit-on-diamond-open-access/) /
[https://www.unesco.org/fr/articles/le-sommet-mondial-sur-le-libre-acces-diamant](https://www.unesco.org/fr/articles/le-sommet-mondial-sur-le-libre-acces-diamant)

2025 -
[https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/conference-on-diamond-open-access-2nd-global-summit-on-di](https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/conference-on-diamond-open-access-2nd-global-summit-on-di)
[amond-open-access-2/](https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/conference-on-diamond-open-access-2nd-global-summit-on-di)
amond-open-access-2/

2026 - [https://forum.diamas.org/t/3rd-global-summit-on-diamond-open-access/600/](https://forum.diamas.org/t/3rd-global-summit-on-diamond-open-access/600/)
[https://www.diamondoasummit.org/](https://www.diamondoasummit.org/)

UNESCO and Open Science

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"The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science (2021) is the first international standard setting instrument on open science".

"Open science is a set of principles and practices that aim to make scientific research from all fields accessible to everyone for the benefits of scientists and society as a whole. Open science is about making sure not only that scientific knowledge is accessible but also that the production of that knowledge itself is inclusive, equitable and sustainable.

The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science provides an internationally agreed definition, as well as a set of shared values and guiding principles for open science. It also
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Scholarly communication
Publication
Bibliodiversity
Open science
EDUC-Libraries network

Université
Paris Nanterre

identifies a set of actions conducive to a fair and equitable operationalization of open science for all at the individual, institutional, national, regional and international levels.

**Open science has the potential of making the scientific process more transparent, inclusive and democratic**.

"Open science:

* increases scientific collaborations and sharing of information for the benefits of science and society;

* makes multilingual scientific knowledge openly available, accessible and reusable for everyone; and

* opens the processes of scientific knowledge creation, evaluation and communication to societal actors beyond the traditional scientific community.

Our interconnected world needs open science to help solve complex social, environmental, and economic challenges and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

By promoting science that is more accessible, inclusive and transparent, open science furthers the right of everyone to share in scientific advancement and its benefits as stated in Article 27.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".

UNESCO Recommendation on open science 2021

https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science

https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science/about

>> Read the recommendation :

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949?posInSet=3&queryId=4e9e5e25-46d0-428c-86ae-4191da67426c

>> Consult the UNESCO Open Science Toolkit

https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science/toolkit

Zenodo.org "Unesco Science" community https://zenodo.org/communities/unesco-science/

UNESCO Global Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments (GO-SPIN), Open Science Policies:

https://gospin.unesco.org/

UNESCO Open Science Capacity Building Index: https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science/capacity-building-index

UNESCO Index of Open Science Knowledge Sharing Platforms: https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science/knowledge-sharing
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# LIBEREurope : Open skills visualisation diagram

LIBEREurope.eu open science skills visualisation diagram reused by UNESCO in its toolkit
[https://libereurope.eu/article/open-science-skills-diagram/](https://libereurope.eu/article/open-science-skills-diagram/).

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- Discipline-specific skills needed to practice open science (does not include generic computer skills, wider librarianship skills and personal competencies)

- Mapped to LIBER OS Roadmap ? focus areas, Digcomp 2.0 framework and FOSTER learning resources

- Produced by the LIBER Working Group on Digital Skills for Library Staff & Researchers with input from other LIBER Working Groups, 2020
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"The array of knowledge, skills and competencies needed to practice Open Science (OS) effectively can be daunting for many librarians and researchers, particularly those who are new to OS concepts and practices. Identifying which skills are needed is the first step for anyone wishing to upskill themselves or others in Open Science.

In 2019, the LIBEREurope Digital Skills for Library Staff and Researchers Working Group embarked on a project to define the skills needed for OS, and to align them with LIBER's 2018-2022 Strategy. After several months of work we now have this Open Science Skills visualisation, which identifies the skills and knowledge needed to practice OS effectively. The visualisation is licensed CC BY for reuse, and can be downloaded from Zenodo".

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

McCaffrey, C., Meyer, T., Riera Quintero, C., Swiatek, C., Marcerou-Ramel, N., Gillén, C., Clavel, K., Wojciechowska, A., Brinken, H., Prevoo, M., & Egerton, F. (2020). Open Science Skills Visualisation - Visualisation des compétences en science ouverte (Version 2). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4727592 (https://zenodo.org/records/4727592).

# Plan S for Rights Retention / Author's rights

Plan S for rights retention strategy

"COAlition S has developed a *Rights Retention Strategy* to give researchers supported by a *COAlition S Organisation* the freedom to submit manuscripts for publication to their journal of choice, including subscription journals, whilst remaining fully compliant with Plan S"

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Plan S
Making full & immediate
Open Access a reality

The guide explains the rights retention strategy, its benefits for the researcher and the operational details of its application. It also provides an FAQ that addresses the main questions about choosing licences, the options available at the various stages of publication, and how to manage relationships with publishers.

https://www.coalition-s.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RightsRetentionStrategy.pdf

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Plan S &
Rights Retention

#RetainYourRights

www.coalition-s.org/rights-retention-strategy

Helping researchers
retain their rights
and share their work
Open Access

Example where the Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) is shared CC BY

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Funder agreement

* At least the AAMs of all peer reviewed publications are published with a CC BY licence and no embargo

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

Owned by the author

* Upon submission, the author informs the publisher that the AAM arising from this submission is licensed CC BY in accordance with the grant's open access conditions

* Acceptance following peer review

* Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM)
  Upon publication, the author immediately deposits the AAM in an Open Access repository (zero embargo, CC BY licence)

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Managed by the publisher

* Licence to Publish

* Version of Record (VoR)

cOAlition S

Hosted by the European Science Foundation
info@coalition-s.org www.coalition-s.org

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Plan S

Making full and immediate Open Access a reality

https://www.coalition-s.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RightsRetentionGraphic.png

FAQ : https://www.coalition-s.org/faq-theme/rights-licences/
https://www.coalition-s.org/blog/4-things-you-should-know-about-the-rrs-and-the-jct/

Journal Checker Tool (JCT) https://journalcheckertool.org/ will make the RRS information
visible to researchers and how it will prefer publishing options where the Version of
Record (VoR) can be made Open Access.

https://www.coalition-s.org/the-rrs-and-publisher-equivocation-an-open-letter-to-researchers/

AND : The Author's Rights Quiz - How well do you know your rights as an author?
https://coalitions.typeform.com/rightsretention
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## Open licensing

https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/

> mandatory in France on HAL so that authors define their publications sharing scope and conditions.

creativecommons

etalab gouv.fr

## LERU and Ethics H2020

LERU's Agenda for ethics/ on the role of ethics in H2020.

> "At the initiative of Franck Meijboom and Marcus Düwell, both ethics researchers at Utrecht University, LERU ethics' scientists met last autumn to discuss the position and role of ethics in Horizon 2020. They agreed to write a statement and annex on the 'Agenda for Ethics' Research in H2020'. These documents elaborate further on the LERU advice paper 'Social Sciences and Humanities: essential fields for European research and in Horizon 2020', published in June 2012. In the paper ethics is presented as an essential discipline to deal with the normative dimensions of the themes and topics mentioned in Horizon 2020. The claim that ethics is essential to foster responsible research and innovation is further elaborated in this statement and ideas are presented on how this can be operationalized. In the Annex, specific ethical questions related to the themes of Horizon 2020 are presented with best practice examples in ethics research with a multidisciplinary character".

https://www.leru.org/news/leru-publishes-an-agenda-for-ethics-research-in-horizon-2020

Statement :

https://www.leru.org/files/Agenda-for-Ethics-research-in-Horizon-2020_statement1.pdf

Annex : https://www.leru.org/files/Annex_Agenda-for-Ethics-research-in-Horizon-20201.pdf

And :

https://www.leru.org/files/Towards-a-Research-Integrity-Culture-at-Universities-full-paper.pdf

> "RRI (Responsible Research and Innovation) are ways for thinking about the broad social, economic, political, and environmental impact of scientific research" (Univ. of Bristol, UK)

> "At the CNRS, the fundamental values of professional ethics, scientific integrity and ethics form the bedrock of the way we view our responsibility in research and innovation. The purpose of research is to contribute to the development of knowledge and the advancement of science. It relies on the principles of honesty, scientific integrity, and responsibility, on which the public bases its confidence in research (CNRS Ethics Committee, Integrity and Responsibility in Research Practices)"
<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

Université
Paris Nanterre

Who is in charge of steering Ethics at your university?

* Cagliari

https://en.unica.it/en/university/organisation/promoting-and-supporting-bodies/ethics-committee-and-guarantee-committee

* Nanterre

https://www.parisnanterre.fr/science-ouverte-et-ethique/reglement-interieur-comite-dethique-de-la-recherche-paris-nanterre-cer-pn

* Rennes

https://www.univ-rennes.fr/sites/www.univ-rennes.fr/files/medias/files/Charte%20Ethique-InteCC%81grite%CC%81%20scientifique_Rennes2-UnivRennes_2023-02-17.pdf

* Masaryk

https://www.muni.cz/en/about-us/organizational-structure/boards-and-committees/research-ethics-committee/ethics-at-mu

* USN

https://www.usn.no/english/about/organization/boards-and-committees/the-integrity-committee/etc...

## ORCID

"ORCID is a free, unique, persistent identifier (PID) for individuals to use as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities".

"ORCID, which stands for Open Researcher and Contributor ID, is a free, unique, persistent identifier (PID) for individuals to use as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities. We provide ORCID to researchers free of charge so that we may realize our vision of connecting all who participate in research, scholarship, and innovation are uniquely identified and connected to their contributions across disciplines, borders, and time.

People use "ORCID" or "ORCID iD" interchangeably, but what they're talking about is a **16-digit number** and the associated record (sometimes called a profile) that stores automatic links to all your research, and links all your research with you. By allowing trusted organizations to add your research information to your ORCID record, you can spend more time conducting your research and less time managing it".

https://info.orcid.org/researchers/#why

> Cecile Swiatek Cassafieres' example [0000-0003-1066-4559](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-4559) > her account, her connectors in her parameters including Université Paris Nanterre as a trusted third party so they library colleagues can handle things on her behalf.

***