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132. Chinnasamy T, Segerink LI, Nystrand M, Gantelius J, Andersson Svahn H. Point-of-care vertical flow allergen microarray assay: proof of concept. *Clin Chem.* 2014;60(9):1209-1216.

133. Kim SR, Park KH, Lee JH, et al. Validation of PROTIA™ allergy-Q 64 atopy® as a specific IgE measurement assay for

10 major allergen components. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2019;11(3):422-432.

134. McKenzie CI, Varese N, Aui PM, et al. CytoBas: precision component-resolved diagnostics for allergy using flow cytometric staining of basophils with recombinant allergen tetramers. *Allergy.* 2021;76(10):3028-3040.

135. Monaco DR, Sie BM, Nirschl TR, et al. Profiling serum antibodies with a pan allergen phage library identifies key wheat allergy epitopes. *Nat Commun.* 2021;12(1):379.

136. Vila L, Beyer K, Järvinen KM, Chatchatee P, Bardina L, Sampson HA. Role of conformational and linear epitopes in the achievement of tolerance in cow's milk allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2001;31(10):1599-1606.

137. Beyer K, Ellman-Grunther L, Järvinen KM, Wood RA, Hourihane J, Sampson HA. Measurement of peptide-specific IgE as an additional tool in identifying patients with clinical reactivity to peanuts. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2003;112(1):202-207.

138. Shreffler WG, Lencer DA, Bardina L, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG4 epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals the diversity of immune response to the peanut allergen, Ara h 2. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(4):893-899.

139. Suprun M, Getts R, Grishina G, Tsuang A, Suárez-Fariñas M, Sampson HA. Ovomucoid epitope-specific repertoire of IgE, IgG(4), IgG(1), IgA(1), and IgD antibodies in egg-allergic children. *Allergy.* 2020;75(10):2633-2643.

140. Suárez-Fariñas M, Suprun M, Kearney P, et al. Accurate and reproducible diagnosis of peanut allergy using epitope mapping. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3789-3797.

141. Suprun M, Sicherer SH, Wood RA, et al. Mapping sequential IgE-binding epitopes on major and minor egg allergens. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2022;183(3):249-261.

142. Matricardi PM, Dramburg S, Skevaki C, Renz H. "Molecular extracts" for allergy diagnostics and therapy. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol.* 2019;30(1):55-58.

143. Sicherer SH, Dhillon G, Laughery KA, Hamilton RG, Wood RA. Caution: the Phadia hazelnut ImmunoCAP (f17) has been supplemented with recombinant Cora 1 and now detects Bet v 1-specific IgE, which leads to elevated values for persons with birch pollen allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;122:413-414.

144. Heiss S, Mahler V, Steiner R, et al. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) of type I allergy with recombinant grass and tree pollen allergens by skin testing. *J Invest Dermatol.* 1999;113(5):830-837.

145. Kleine-Tebbe J, Jakob T. *Molecular Allergy Diagnostics: Innovation for a Better Patient Management.* Springer; 2017.

146. Sudharson S, Kalic T, Hafner C, Breiteneder H. Newly defined allergens in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database during 01/2019-03/2021. *Allergy.* 2021;76(11):3359-3373.

147. Breiteneder H. Allergen families and databases, Chapter A06, pgs39-52. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol.* 2016;27(suppl23):1-250.

148. Hamilton RG. Allergic sensitization is a key risk factor for but not synonymous with allergic disease. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(2):360-361.

149. Hamilton RGKT, Magnusson C, et al. The DADB: a database of diagnostic IgE antibody assay based allergens (CLSI IL/A 37). *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2022.

150. Beyer K, Grabenhenrich L, Härtl M, et al. Predictive values of component-specific IgE for the outcome of peanut and hazelnut food challenges in children. *Allergy.* 2015;70(1):90-98.

151. Kleine-Tebbe J, Jakob T. Molecular allergy diagnostics using IgE singleplex determinations: methodological and practical considerations for use in clinical routine: Part 18 of the Series Molecular Allergology. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:185-197.

152. Adkinson NF Jr, Hamilton RG. Clinical history-driven diagnosis of allergic diseases: utilizing in vitro IgE testing. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2015;3(6):871-876; quiz 877-878.
114. Roethlisberger S, Karoui O, Mapelli D, et al. Novel nanofluidic IgE assay versus a reference method: a real-world comparison. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2019;180(1):28-36.

115. Vieths S, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. EuroPrevall food allergen library. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2008;52(Suppl 2):S157-S158.

116. Hiller R, Laffer S, Harwanegg C, et al. Microarrayed allergen molecules: diagnostic gatekeepers for allergy treatment. *FASEB J.* 2002;16(3):414-416.

117. Martínez-Aranguren R, Lizaso MT, Goikoetxea MJ, et al. Is the determination of specific IgE against components using ISAC 112 a reproducible technique? *PLoS One.* 2014;9(2):e88394.

118. Jakob T, Forstenlechner P, Matricardi P, Kleine-Tebbe J. Molecular allergy diagnostics using multiplex assays: methodological and practical considerations for use in research and clinical routine: Part 21 of the Series Molecular Allergology. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:320-332.

119. Huss-Marp J, Gutermuth J, Schäffner I, et al. Comparison of molecular and extract-based allergy diagnostics with multiplex and singleplex analysis. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:46-53.

120. Hamilton RG. Multiplex IgE antibody testing as a tool for diagnosis and defining the allergic (atopic) status of study populations. *Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess.* 2013;97:82-90.

121. Quan PL, Sabaté-Brescó M, D'Amelio CM, et al. Validation of a commercial allergen microarray platform for specific immunoglobulin E detection of respiratory and plant food allergens. *Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.* 2022;128(3):283-290.e284.

122. Di Fraia M, Arasi S, Castelli S, et al. A new molecular multiplex IgE assay for the diagnosis of pollen allergy in Mediterranean countries: a validation study. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(3):341-349.

123. Keshavarz B, Platts-Mills TAE, Wilson JM. The use of microarray and other multiplex technologies in the diagnosis of allergy. *Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.* 2021;127(1):10-18.

124. Williams P, Önell A, Baldracchini F, Hui V, Jolles S, El-Shanawany T. Evaluation of a novel automated allergy microarray platform compared with three other allergy test methods. *Clin Exp Immunol.* 2016;184(1):1-10.

125. Wiltshire S, O'Malley S, Lambert J, et al. Detection of multiple allergen-specific IgEs on microarrays by immunoassay with rolling circle amplification. *Clin Chem.* 2000;46(12):1990-1993.

126. Feyzkhanova GU, Filippova MA, Talibov VO, et al. Development of hydrogel biochip for in vitro allergy diagnostics. *J Immunol Methods.* 2014;406:51-57.

127. Renault NK, Gaddipati SR, Wulfert F, et al. Multiple protein extract microarray for profiling human food-specific immunoglobulins A, M, G and E. *J Immunol Methods.* 2011;364(1-2):21-32.

128. Joshi AA, Peczuh MW, Kumar CV, Rusling JF. Ultrasensitive carbohydrate-peptide SPR imaging microarray for diagnosing IgE mediated peanut allergy. *Analyst.* 2014;139(22):5728-5733.

129. King EM, Vailes LD, Tsay A, Satinover SM, Chapman MD. Simultaneous detection of total and allergen-specific IgE by using purified allergens in a fluorescent multiplex array. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2007;120(5):1126-1131.

130. Bastarache JA, Koyama T, Wickersham NE, Ware LB. Validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform in human and mouse samples. *J Immunol Methods.* 2014;408:13-23.

131. Millen JLM, Willems I, Slingers G, Raes M, Koppen G, Langie SAS. Diagnostic characterization of respiratory allergies by means of a multiplex immunoassay. *Clin Exp Immunol.* 2021;203(2):183-193.

132. Chinnasamy T, Segerink LI, Nystrand M, Gantelius J, Andersson Svahn H. Point-of-care vertical flow allergen microarray assay: proof of concept. *Clin Chem.* 2014;60(9):1209-1216.

133. Kim SR, Park KH, Lee JH, et al. Validation of PROTIA™ allergy-Q 64 atopy® as a specific IgE measurement assay for

10 major allergen components. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2019;11(3):422-432.

134. McKenzie CI, Varese N, Aui PM, et al. CytoBas: precision component-resolved diagnostics for allergy using flow cytometric staining of basophils with recombinant allergen tetramers. *Allergy.* 2021;76(10):3028-3040.

135. Monaco DR, Sie BM, Nirschl TR, et al. Profiling serum antibodies with a pan allergen phage library identifies key wheat allergy epitopes. *Nat Commun.* 2021;12(1):379.

136. Vila L, Beyer K, Järvinen KM, Chatchatee P, Bardina L, Sampson HA. Role of conformational and linear epitopes in the achievement of tolerance in cow's milk allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2001;31(10):1599-1606.

137. Beyer K, Ellman-Grunther L, Järvinen KM, Wood RA, Hourihane J, Sampson HA. Measurement of peptide-specific IgE as an additional tool in identifying patients with clinical reactivity to peanuts. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2003;112(1):202-207.

138. Shreffler WG, Lencer DA, Bardina L, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG4 epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals the diversity of immune response to the peanut allergen, Ara h 2. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(4):893-899.

139. Suprun M, Getts R, Grishina G, Tsuang A, Suárez-Fariñas M, Sampson HA. Ovomucoid epitope-specific repertoire of IgE, IgG(4), IgG(1), IgA(1), and IgD antibodies in egg-allergic children. *Allergy.* 2020;75(10):2633-2643.

140. Suárez-Fariñas M, Suprun M, Kearney P, et al. Accurate and reproducible diagnosis of peanut allergy using epitope mapping. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3789-3797.

141. Suprun M, Sicherer SH, Wood RA, et al. Mapping sequential IgE-binding epitopes on major and minor egg allergens. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2022;183(3):249-261.

142. Matricardi PM, Dramburg S, Skevaki C, Renz H. "Molecular extracts" for allergy diagnostics and therapy. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol.* 2019;30(1):55-58.

143. Sicherer SH, Dhillon G, Laughery KA, Hamilton RG, Wood RA. Caution: the Phadia hazelnut ImmunoCAP (f17) has been supplemented with recombinant Cora 1 and now detects Bet v 1-specific IgE, which leads to elevated values for persons with birch pollen allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;122:413-414.

144. Heiss S, Mahler V, Steiner R, et al. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) of type I allergy with recombinant grass and tree pollen allergens by skin testing. *J Invest Dermatol.* 1999;113(5):830-837.

145. Kleine-Tebbe J, Jakob T. *Molecular Allergy Diagnostics: Innovation for a Better Patient Management.* Springer; 2017.

146. Sudharson S, Kalic T, Hafner C, Breiteneder H. Newly defined allergens in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database during 01/2019-03/2021. *Allergy.* 2021;76(11):3359-3373.

147. Breiteneder H. Allergen families and databases, Chapter A06, pgs39-52. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol.* 2016;27(suppl23):1-250.

148. Hamilton RG. Allergic sensitization is a key risk factor for but not synonymous with allergic disease. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(2):360-361.

149. Hamilton RGKT, Magnusson C, et al. The DADB: a database of diagnostic IgE antibody assay based allergens (CLSI IL/A 37). *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2022.

150. Beyer K, Grabenhenrich L, Härtl M, et al. Predictive values of component-specific IgE for the outcome of peanut and hazelnut food challenges in children. *Allergy.* 2015;70(1):90-98.

151. Kleine-Tebbe J, Jakob T. Molecular allergy diagnostics using IgE singleplex determinations: methodological and practical considerations for use in clinical routine: Part 18 of the Series Molecular Allergology. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:185-197.

152. Adkinson NF Jr, Hamilton RG. Clinical history-driven diagnosis of allergic diseases: utilizing in vitro IgE testing. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2015;3(6):871-876; quiz 877-878.
153. Knol EF. Requirements for effective IgE cross-linking on mast cells and basophils. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2006;50(7):620-624.

154. MacGlashan DW Jr. Basophil activation testing. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(4):777-787.

155. Knol EF, Mul FP, Jansen H, Calafat J, Roos D. Monitoring human basophil activation via CD63 monoclonal antibody 435. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 1991;88(3 Pt 1):328-338.

156. Hoffmann HJ, Santos AF, Mayorga C, et al. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease. *Allergy*. 2015;70(11):1393-1405.

157. Eberlein-König B, Varga R, Mempel M, Darsow U, Behrendt H, Ring J. Comparison of basophil activation tests using CD63 or CD203c expression in patients with insect venom allergy. *Allergy*. 2006;61(9):1084-1085.

158. Sturm GJKB, Sturm GJKB, Sturm EM, et al. The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of allergy: technical issues and critical factors. *Allergy*. 2009;64(9):1319-1326. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02004.x8

159. Regan JA, Cao Y, Dispenza MC, et al. Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, eliminates both aeroallergen skin test and basophil activation test reactivity. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(3):875-879.e871.

160. Korosec P, Turner PJ, Silar M, et al. Basophils, high-affinity IgE receptors, and CCL2 in human anaphylaxis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(3):750-758.e715.

161. Vantur RRM, Koren A, et al. Chemokines during anaphylaxis: the importance of CCL2 and CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity for basophils. *Clin Transl Allergy*. 2020;10(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13601-020-00367-2

162. Schmid JM, Würtzen PA, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ. Early improvement in basophil sensitivity predicts symptom relief with grass pollen immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):741-744.e745.

163. Schmid JMWP, Siddhuraj P, et al. Basophil sensitivity reflects long-term clinical outcome of subcutaneous immunotherapy in grass pollen-allergic patients. *Allergy*. 2021;76(5):1528-1538. doi:10.1111/all.14264

164. Alpan O, Layhadi JA, Ulrik Sønder S, Li H, Shamji MH. Basophil activation test: A diagnostic, predictive and monitoring assay for allergen immunotherapy. *Allergy*. 2021;76(5):1321-1324.

165. Pichler WJ. The p-i Concept: Pharmacological Interaction of Drugs With Immune Receptors. *World Allergy Organ J.* 2008;1(6):96-102.

166. Hennersdorf F, Florian S, Jakob A, et al. Identification of CD13, CD107a, and CD164 as novel basophil-activation markers and dissection of two response patterns in time kinetics of IgE-dependent upregulation. *Cell Res.* 2005;15(5):325-335.

167. Bühring HJ, Streble A, Valent P. The basophil-specific ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a marker for cell activation and allergy diagnosis. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2004;133(4):317-329.

168. Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Lee B, et al. Systematic characterization of basophil anergy. *Allergy*. 2017;72(3):373-384.

169. Foong RX, Dantzer JA, Wood RA, Santos AF. Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Food Allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(1):71-80.

170. Hemmings O, Niazi U, Kwok M, James LK, Lack G, Santos AF. Peanut diversity and specific activity are the dominant IgE characteristics for effector cell activation in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;148(2):495-505.e414.

171. Eberlein B. Basophil Activation as Marker of Clinically Relevant Allergy and Therapy Outcome. *Front Immunol.* 2020;11:1815.

172. Ebo DG, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, Schuerwegh AJ, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Flow cytometric analysis of in vitro activated basophils, specific IgE and skin tests in the diagnosis of pollen-associated food allergy. *Cytometry B Clin Cytom.* 2005;64(1):28-33.

173. Decuyper II, Pascal M, Van Gasse AL, et al. Performance of basophil activation test and specific IgG4 as diagnostic tools in nonspecific lipid transfer protein allergy: Antwerp-Barcelona comparison. *Allergy*. 2020;75(3):616-624.

174. Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, et al. Fra a 1.02 Is the Most Potent Isoform of the Bet v 1-like Allergen in Strawberry Fruit. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2016;64(18):3688-3696.

175. Palacín A, Tordesillas L, Gamboa P, et al. Characterization of peach thaumatin-like proteins and their identification as major peach allergens. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(9):1422-1430.

176. Santos AF, Douiri A, Bécares N, et al. Basophil activation test discriminates between allergy and tolerance in peanut-sensitized children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):645-652.

177. Van Erp FC, Knol EF, et al. The IgE and basophil responses to Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are good predictors of peanut allergy in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017; Jan;139(1):358-360. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.041

178. Santos AF, Bergmann M, Brough HA, et al. Basophil Activation Test Reduces Oral Food Challenges to Nuts and Sesame. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(5):2016-2027.e2016.

179. Santos AFLG. Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? *Clin Transl Allergy*. 2016;6:10. doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0098-7

180. Mehlich J, Fischer J, Hilger C, et al. The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with alpha-gal syndrome and asymptomatic alpha-gal sensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(1):182-189.

181. Rubio A, Vivinus-Nébot M, Bourrier T, Saggio B, Albertini M, Bernard A. Benefit of the basophil activation test in deciding when to reintroduce cow's milk in allergic children. *Allergy*. 2011;66(1):92-100.

182. Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2009;124(2):292-300. 300.e291-297.

183. Gamboa PM, Garcia-Lirio E, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez A, Martinez-Aranguren RM, Sanz ML. Is the Quantification of Antigen-Specific Basophil Activation a Useful Tool for Monitoring Oral Tolerance Induction in Children With Egg Allergy? *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2016;26(1):25-30.

184. Thyagarajan A, Jones SM, Calatroni A, et al. Evidence of pathway-specific basophil anergy induced by peanut oral immunotherapy in peanut-allergic children. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2012;42(8):1197-1205.

185. Gorelik M, Narisety SD, Guerreroio AL, et al. Suppression of the immunologic response to peanut during immunotherapy is often transient. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1283-1292.

186. Patil SU, Steinbrecher J, Calatroni A, et al. Early decrease in basophil sensitivity to Ara h 2 precedes sustained unresponsiveness after peanut oral immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;144(5):1310-1319.e1314.

187. Macglashan DW Jr, Saini SS. Omalizumab increases the intrinsic sensitivity of human basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(4):906-911. e901-904.

188. Savage JH, Courneya JP, Sterba PM, Macglashan DW, Saini SS, Wood RA. Kinetics of mast cell, basophil, and oral food challenge responses in omalizumab-treated adults with peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(5):1123-1129.e1122.

189. MacGlashan DW Jr, Savage JH, Wood RA, Saini SS. Suppression of the basophil response to allergen during treatment with omalizumab is dependent on 2 competing factors. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(5):1130-1135.e1135.

190. van der Kleij HPM, Warmenhoven HJM, van Ree R, et al. Chemically modified peanut extract shows increased safety while maintaining immunogenicity. *Allergy*. 2019;74(5):986-995.
153. Knol EF. Requirements for effective IgE cross-linking on mast cells and basophils. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2006;50(7):620-624.

154. MacGlashan DW Jr. Basophil activation testing. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(4):777-787.

155. Knol EF, Mul FP, Jansen H, Calafat J, Roos D. Monitoring human basophil activation via CD63 monoclonal antibody 435. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 1991;88(3 Pt 1):328-338.

156. Hoffmann HJ, Santos AF, Mayorga C, et al. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease. *Allergy*. 2015;70(11):1393-1405.

157. Eberlein-König B, Varga R, Mempel M, Darsow U, Behrendt H, Ring J. Comparison of basophil activation tests using CD63 or CD203c expression in patients with insect venom allergy. *Allergy*. 2006;61(9):1084-1085.

158. Sturm GJKB, Sturm GJKB, Sturm EM, et al. The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of allergy: technical issues and critical factors. *Allergy*. 2009;64(9):1319-1326. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02004.x8

159. Regan JA, Cao Y, Dispenza MC, et al. Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, eliminates both aeroallergen skin test and basophil activation test reactivity. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(3):875-879.e871.

160. Korosec P, Turner PJ, Silar M, et al. Basophils, high-affinity IgE receptors, and CCL2 in human anaphylaxis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(3):750-758.e715.

161. Vantur RRM, Koren A, et al. Chemokines during anaphylaxis: the importance of CCL2 and CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity for basophils. *Clin Transl Allergy*. 2020;10(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13601-020-00367-2

162. Schmid JM, Würtzen PA, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ. Early improvement in basophil sensitivity predicts symptom relief with grass pollen immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):741-744.e745.

163. Schmid JMWP, Siddhuraj P, et al. Basophil sensitivity reflects long-term clinical outcome of subcutaneous immunotherapy in grass pollen-allergic patients. *Allergy*. 2021;76(5):1528-1538. doi:10.1111/all.14264

164. Alpan O, Layhadi JA, Ulrik Sønder S, Li H, Shamji MH. Basophil activation test: A diagnostic, predictive and monitoring assay for allergen immunotherapy. *Allergy*. 2021;76(5):1321-1324.

165. Pichler WJ. The p-i Concept: Pharmacological Interaction of Drugs With Immune Receptors. *World Allergy Organ J.* 2008;1(6):96-102.

166. Hennersdorf F, Florian S, Jakob A, et al. Identification of CD13, CD107a, and CD164 as novel basophil-activation markers and dissection of two response patterns in time kinetics of IgE-dependent upregulation. *Cell Res.* 2005;15(5):325-335.

167. Bühring HJ, Streble A, Valent P. The basophil-specific ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a marker for cell activation and allergy diagnosis. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2004;133(4):317-329.

168. Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Lee B, et al. Systematic characterization of basophil anergy. *Allergy*. 2017;72(3):373-384.

169. Foong RX, Dantzer JA, Wood RA, Santos AF. Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Food Allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(1):71-80.

170. Hemmings O, Niazi U, Kwok M, James LK, Lack G, Santos AF. Peanut diversity and specific activity are the dominant IgE characteristics for effector cell activation in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;148(2):495-505.e414.

171. Eberlein B. Basophil Activation as Marker of Clinically Relevant Allergy and Therapy Outcome. *Front Immunol.* 2020;11:1815.

172. Ebo DG, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, Schuerwegh AJ, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Flow cytometric analysis of in vitro activated basophils, specific IgE and skin tests in the diagnosis of pollen-associated food allergy. *Cytometry B Clin Cytom.* 2005;64(1):28-33.

173. Decuyper II, Pascal M, Van Gasse AL, et al. Performance of basophil activation test and specific IgG4 as diagnostic tools in nonspecific lipid transfer protein allergy: Antwerp-Barcelona comparison. *Allergy*. 2020;75(3):616-624.

174. Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, et al. Fra a 1.02 Is the Most Potent Isoform of the Bet v 1-like Allergen in Strawberry Fruit. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2016;64(18):3688-3696.

175. Palacín A, Tordesillas L, Gamboa P, et al. Characterization of peach thaumatin-like proteins and their identification as major peach allergens. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(9):1422-1430.

176. Santos AF, Douiri A, Bécares N, et al. Basophil activation test discriminates between allergy and tolerance in peanut-sensitized children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):645-652.

177. Van Erp FC, Knol EF, et al. The IgE and basophil responses to Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are good predictors of peanut allergy in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017; Jan;139(1):358-360. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.041

178. Santos AF, Bergmann M, Brough HA, et al. Basophil Activation Test Reduces Oral Food Challenges to Nuts and Sesame. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(5):2016-2027.e2016.

179. Santos AFLG. Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? *Clin Transl Allergy*. 2016;6:10. doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0098-7

180. Mehlich J, Fischer J, Hilger C, et al. The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with alpha-gal syndrome and asymptomatic alpha-gal sensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(1):182-189.

181. Rubio A, Vivinus-Nébot M, Bourrier T, Saggio B, Albertini M, Bernard A. Benefit of the basophil activation test in deciding when to reintroduce cow's milk in allergic children. *Allergy*. 2011;66(1):92-100.

182. Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2009;124(2):292-300. 300.e291-297.

183. Gamboa PM, Garcia-Lirio E, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez A, Martinez-Aranguren RM, Sanz ML. Is the Quantification of Antigen-Specific Basophil Activation a Useful Tool for Monitoring Oral Tolerance Induction in Children With Egg Allergy? *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2016;26(1):25-30.

184. Thyagarajan A, Jones SM, Calatroni A, et al. Evidence of pathway-specific basophil anergy induced by peanut oral immunotherapy in peanut-allergic children. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2012;42(8):1197-1205.

185. Gorelik M, Narisety SD, Guerreroio AL, et al. Suppression of the immunologic response to peanut during immunotherapy is often transient. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1283-1292.

186. Patil SU, Steinbrecher J, Calatroni A, et al. Early decrease in basophil sensitivity to Ara h 2 precedes sustained unresponsiveness after peanut oral immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;144(5):1310-1319.e1314.

187. Macglashan DW Jr, Saini SS. Omalizumab increases the intrinsic sensitivity of human basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(4):906-911. e901-904.

188. Savage JH, Courneya JP, Sterba PM, Macglashan DW, Saini SS, Wood RA. Kinetics of mast cell, basophil, and oral food challenge responses in omalizumab-treated adults with peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(5):1123-1129.e1122.

189. MacGlashan DW Jr, Savage JH, Wood RA, Saini SS. Suppression of the basophil response to allergen during treatment with omalizumab is dependent on 2 competing factors. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(5):1130-1135.e1135.

190. van der Kleij HPM, Warmenhoven HJM, van Ree R, et al. Chemically modified peanut extract shows increased safety while maintaining immunogenicity. *Allergy*. 2019;74(5):986-995.
191. Hemmings O, Du Toit G, Radulovic S, Lack G, Santos AF. Ara h 2 is the dominant peanut allergen despite similarities with Ara h 6. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(3):621-630.e625.

192. Sabato V, van Hengel AJ, De Knop KJ, et al. Basophil activation reveals divergent patient-specific responses to thermally processed peanuts. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2011;21(7):527-531.

193. Bencharitiwong R, van der Kleij HP, Koppelman SJ, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Effect of chemical modifications on allergenic potency of peanut proteins. *Allergy Asthma Proc.* 2015;36(3):185-191.

194. Koppelman SJWM, Ertmann M, et al. Relevance of Ara h1, Ara h2 and Ara h3 in peanut-allergic patients, as determined by immunoglobulin E Western blotting, basophil-histamine release and intracutaneous testing: Ara h2 is the most important peanut allergen. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2004 Apr;34(4):583-590. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1923.x

195. Klueber J, Schrama D, Rodrigues P, Dickel H, Kuehn A. Fish allergy management: from component-resolved diagnosis to unmet diagnostic needs. *Curr Treat Options Allergy.* 2019;6:322-337.

196. Sabato VHA, De Knop KJ, et al. Human basophils: a unique biological instrument to detect the allergenicity of food. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2011;21(3):179-184.

197. Sato S, Tachimoto H, Shukuya A, et al. Basophil activation marker CD203c is useful in the diagnosis of hen's egg and cow's milk allergies in children. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2010;152(Suppl 1):54-61.

198. Ruinemans-Koerts J, Schmidt-Hieltjes Y, Jansen A, Savelkoul HFJ, Plaisier A, van Setten P. The Basophil Activation Test reduces the need for a food challenge test in children suspected of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(3):350-356.

199. Tokuda R, Nagao M, Hiraguchi Y, et al. Antigen-induced expression of CD203c on basophils predicts IgE-mediated wheat allergy. *Allergol Int.* 2009;58(2):193-199.

200. Chinuki Y, Kaneko S, Dekio I, et al. CD203c expression-based basophil activation test for diagnosis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129:1404-1406.

201. Gabler AM, Gebhard J, Eberlein B, Biedermann T, Scherf KA, Brockow K. The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis and control subjects using gluten and isolated gluten protein types. *Clin Transl Allergy.* 2021;11(6):e12050.

202. Glaumann S, Nilsson C, Johansson SG, et al. Evaluation of basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) to peanut and Ara h 8 in children IgE-sensitized to Ara h 8. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2015;13(1):5.

203. Mayorga C, Gomez F, Aranda A, et al. Basophil response to peanut allergens in Mediterranean peanut-allergic patients. *Allergy.* 2014;69(7):964-968.

204. Hayen SM, Ehlers AM, den Hartog Jager CF, et al. 2S protein Ara h 7.0201 has unique epitopes compared to other Ara h 7 isoforms and is comparable to 2S proteins Ara h 2 and 6 in basophil degranulation capacity. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2018;48(7):890-897.

205. Gamboa PM, Cáceres O, Antepara I, et al. Two different profiles of peach allergy in the north of Spain. *Allergy.* 2007;62(4):408-414.

206. Erdmann SM, Sachs B, Schmidt A, et al. *In vitro* analysis of birch-pollen-associated food allergy by use of recombinant allergens in the basophil activation test. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2005;136(3):230-238.

207. Wai CYY, Leung NYH, Leung ASY, et al. Cell-Based Functional IgE Assays Are Superior to Conventional Allergy Tests for Shrimp Allergy Diagnosis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(1):236-244.e239.

208. Kalic T, Morel-Codreanu F, Radauer C, et al. Patients Allergic to Fish Tolerate Ray Based on the Low Allergenicity of Its Parvalbumin. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2019;7(2):500-508.e511.

209. Blank S, Grosch J, Ollert M, Bilò MB. Precision Medicine in Hymenoptera: Venom Allergy: Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapy of Different Endotypes and Phenotypes. *Front Immunol.* 2020;11:579409.

210. Seismann H, Blank S, Cifuentes L, et al. Recombinant phospholipase A1 (Ves v 1) from yellow jacket venom for improved diagnosis of hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2010;8:7.

211. Blank S, Seismann H, Bockisch B, et al. Identification, recombinant expression, and characterization of the 100 kDa high molecular weight Hymenoptera venom allergens Api m 5 and Ves v 3. *J Immunol.* 2010;184(9):5403-5413.

212. Balzer L, Pennino D, Blank S, et al. Basophil activation test using recombinant allergens: highly specific diagnostic method complementing routine tests in wasp venom allergy. *PLoS One.* 2014;9(10):e108619. Published 2014 Oct 17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108619

213. Schiener M, Eberlein B, Moreno-Aguilar C, et al. Application of recombinant antigen 5 allergens from seven allergy-relevant Hymenoptera species in diagnostics. *Allergy.* 2017;72(1):98-108.

214. Schiener M, Hilger C, Eberlein B, et al. The high molecular weight dipeptidyl peptidase IV Pol d 3 is a major allergen of Polistes dominula venom. *Sci Rep.* 2018;8(1):1318.

215. Grosch J, Eberlein B, Waldherr S, et al. Characterization of New Allergens from the Venom of the European Paper Wasp Polistes dominula. *Toxins (Basel).* 2021;13(8):559. Published 2021 Aug 10. doi:10.3390/toxins13080559

216. Russkamp D, Van Vaerenbergh M, Etzold S, et al. Characterization of the honeybee venom proteins C1q-like protein and PVF1 and their allergenic potential. *Toxicon.* 2018;150:198-206.

217. Waldherr S, Grosch J, Hilger C, et al. Assessment of homologous phospholipases (Polistes and bee venom PLA2) and hyaluronidases (Pol d 2, Api m2, Ves v 2b) in patients with bee and yellow jacket venom allergy by basophil activation testing. *Poster EuroBAT.* 2020; digital.

218. Koren A, Lunder M, Molek P, et al. Fluorescent labeling of major honeybee allergens Api m 1 and Api m 2 with quantum dots and the development of a multiplex basophil activation test. *Allergy.* 2020;75(7):1753-1756.

219. Zahirović A, Koren A, Kopač P, Štrukelj B, Korošec P, Lunder M. Identification of bee venom Api m 1 IgE epitopes and characterization of corresponding mimotopes. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(2):791-794.e795.

220. Hauswirth AW, Natter S, Ghannadan M, et al. Recombinant allergens promote expression of CD203c on basophils in sensitized individuals. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2002;110(1):102-109.

221. Lee JY, Yang M, Jeong KY, et al. Characterization of a Major Allergen from Mongolian Oak, Quercus mongolica, a Dominant Species of Oak in Korea. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2017;174(2):77-85.

222. Grilo JR, Kitzmüller C, Aglas L, et al. IgE-cross-blocking antibodies to Fagales following sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant Bet v 1. *Allergy.* 2021;76(8):2555-2564.

223. Sánchez Acosta G, Kinaciyan T, Kitzmüller C, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Bohle B. IgE-blocking antibodies following SLIT with recombinant Mal d 1 accord with improved apple allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(4):894-900.e892.

224. Schober W, Belloni B, Lubitz S, et al. Organic extracts of urban aerosol (< or =PM2.5) enhance rBet v 1-induced upregulation of CD63 in basophils from birch pollen-allergic individuals. *Toxicol Sci.* 2006;90(2):377-384.

225. Lubitz S, Schober W, Pusch G, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel emissions exert proallergic effects in birch pollen allergic individuals through enhanced mediator release from basophils. *Environ Toxicol.* 2010;25(2):188-197.

226. Marth K, Breyer I, Focke-Tejkl M, et al. A nonallergenic birch pollen allergy vaccine consisting of hepatitis PreS-fused Bet v 1 peptides focuses blocking IgG toward IgE epitopes and shifts immune responses to a tolerogenic and Th1 phenotype. *J Immunol.* 2013;190(7):3068-3078.
191. Hemmings O, Du Toit G, Radulovic S, Lack G, Santos AF. Ara h 2 is the dominant peanut allergen despite similarities with Ara h 6. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(3):621-630.e625.

192. Sabato V, van Hengel AJ, De Knop KJ, et al. Basophil activation reveals divergent patient-specific responses to thermally processed peanuts. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2011;21(7):527-531.

193. Bencharitiwong R, van der Kleij HP, Koppelman SJ, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Effect of chemical modifications on allergenic potency of peanut proteins. *Allergy Asthma Proc.* 2015;36(3):185-191.

194. Koppelman SJWM, Ertmann M, et al. Relevance of Ara h1, Ara h2 and Ara h3 in peanut-allergic patients, as determined by immunoglobulin E Western blotting, basophil-histamine release and intracutaneous testing: Ara h2 is the most important peanut allergen. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2004 Apr;34(4):583-590.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1923.x

195. Klueber J, Schrama D, Rodrigues P, Dickel H, Kuehn A. Fish allergy management: from component-resolved diagnosis to unmet diagnostic needs. *Curr Treat Options Allergy.* 2019;6:322-337.

196. Sabato VHA, De Knop KJ, et al. Human basophils: a unique biological instrument to detect the allergenicity of food. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2011;21(3):179-184.

197. Sato S, Tachimoto H, Shukuya A, et al. Basophil activation marker CD203c is useful in the diagnosis of hen's egg and cow's milk allergies in children. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2010;152(Suppl 1):54-61.

198. Ruinemans-Koerts J, Schmidt-Hieltjes Y, Jansen A, Savelkoul HFJ, Plaisier A, van Setten P. The Basophil Activation Test reduces the need for a food challenge test in children suspected of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(3):350-356.

199. Tokuda R, Nagao M, Hiraguchi Y, et al. Antigen-induced expression of CD203c on basophils predicts IgE-mediated wheat allergy. *Allergol Int.* 2009;58(2):193-199.

200. Chinuki Y, Kaneko S, Dekio I, et al. CD203c expression-based basophil activation test for diagnosis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129:1404-1406.

201. Gabler AM, Gebhard J, Eberlein B, Biedermann T, Scherf KA, Brockow K. The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis and control subjects using gluten and isolated gluten protein types. *Clin Transl Allergy.* 2021;11(6):e12050.

202. Glaumann S, Nilsson C, Johansson SG, et al. Evaluation of basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) to peanut and Ara h 8 in children IgE-sensitized to Ara h 8. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2015;13(1):5.

203. Mayorga C, Gomez F, Aranda A, et al. Basophil response to peanut allergens in Mediterranean peanut-allergic patients. *Allergy.* 2014;69(7):964-968.

204. Hayen SM, Ehlers AM, den Hartog Jager CF, et al. 2S protein Ara h 7.0201 has unique epitopes compared to other Ara h 7 isoforms and is comparable to 2S proteins Ara h 2 and 6 in basophil degranulation capacity. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2018;48(7):890-897.

205. Gamboa PM, Cáceres O, Antepara I, et al. Two different profiles of peach allergy in the north of Spain. *Allergy.* 2007;62(4):408-414.

206. Erdmann SM, Sachs B, Schmidt A, et al. *In vitro* analysis of birch-pollen-associated food allergy by use of recombinant allergens in the basophil activation test. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2005;136(3):230-238.

207. Wai CYY, Leung NYH, Leung ASY, et al. Cell-Based Functional IgE Assays Are Superior to Conventional Allergy Tests for Shrimp Allergy Diagnosis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2021;9(1):236-244.e239.

208. Kalic T, Morel-Codreanu F, Radauer C, et al. Patients Allergic to Fish Tolerate Ray Based on the Low Allergenicity of Its Parvalbumin. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2019;7(2):500-508.e511.

209. Blank S, Grosch J, Ollert M, Bilò MB. Precision Medicine in Hymenoptera: Venom Allergy: Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapy of Different Endotypes and Phenotypes. *Front Immunol.* 2020;11:579409.

210. Seismann H, Blank S, Cifuentes L, et al. Recombinant phospholipase A1 (Ves v 1) from yellow jacket venom for improved diagnosis of hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2010;8:7.

211. Blank S, Seismann H, Bockisch B, et al. Identification, recombinant expression, and characterization of the 100 kDa high molecular weight Hymenoptera venom allergens Api m 5 and Ves v 3. *J Immunol.* 2010;184(9):5403-5413.

212. Balzer L, Pennino D, Blank S, et al. Basophil activation test using recombinant allergens: highly specific diagnostic method complementing routine tests in wasp venom allergy. *PLoS One.* 2014;9(10):e108619. Published 2014 Oct 17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108619

213. Schiener M, Eberlein B, Moreno-Aguilar C, et al. Application of recombinant antigen 5 allergens from seven allergy-relevant Hymenoptera species in diagnostics. *Allergy.* 2017;72(1):98-108.

214. Schiener M, Hilger C, Eberlein B, et al. The high molecular weight dipeptidyl peptidase IV Pol d 3 is a major allergen of Polistes dominula venom. *Sci Rep.* 2018;8(1):1318.

215. Grosch J, Eberlein B, Waldherr S, et al. Characterization of New Allergens from the Venom of the European Paper Wasp Polistes dominula. *Toxins (Basel).* 2021;13(8):559. Published 2021 Aug 10. doi:10.3390/toxins13080559

216. Russkamp D, Van Vaerenbergh M, Etzold S, et al. Characterization of the honeybee venom proteins C1q-like protein and PVF1 and their allergenic potential. *Toxicon.* 2018;150:198-206.

217. Waldherr S, Grosch J, Hilger C, et al. Assessment of homologous phospholipases (Polistes and bee venom PLA2) and hyaluronidases (Pol d 2, Api m2, Ves v 2b) in patients with bee and yellow jacket venom allergy by basophil activation testing. *Poster EuroBAT.* 2020; digital.

218. Koren A, Lunder M, Molek P, et al. Fluorescent labeling of major honeybee allergens Api m 1 and Api m 2 with quantum dots and the development of a multiplex basophil activation test. *Allergy.* 2020;75(7):1753-1756.

219. Zahirović A, Koren A, Kopač P, Štrukelj B, Korošec P, Lunder M. Identification of bee venom Api m 1 IgE epitopes and characterization of corresponding mimotopes. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(2):791-794.e795.

220. Hauswirth AW, Natter S, Ghannadan M, et al. Recombinant allergens promote expression of CD203c on basophils in sensitized individuals. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2002;110(1):102-109.

221. Lee JY, Yang M, Jeong KY, et al. Characterization of a Major Allergen from Mongolian Oak, Quercus mongolica, a Dominant Species of Oak in Korea. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2017;174(2):77-85.

222. Grilo JR, Kitzmüller C, Aglas L, et al. IgE-cross-blocking antibodies to Fagales following sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant Bet v 1. *Allergy.* 2021;76(8):2555-2564.

223. Sánchez Acosta G, Kinaciyan T, Kitzmüller C, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Bohle B. IgE-blocking antibodies following SLIT with recombinant Mal d 1 accord with improved apple allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(4):894-900.e892.

224. Schober W, Belloni B, Lubitz S, et al. Organic extracts of urban aerosol (< or =PM2.5) enhance rBet v 1-induced upregulation of CD63 in basophils from birch pollen-allergic individuals. *Toxicol Sci.* 2006;90(2):377-384.

225. Lubitz S, Schober W, Pusch G, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel emissions exert proallergic effects in birch pollen allergic individuals through enhanced mediator release from basophils. *Environ Toxicol.* 2010;25(2):188-197.

226. Marth K, Breyer I, Focke-Tejkl M, et al. A nonallergenic birch pollen allergy vaccine consisting of hepatitis PreS-fused Bet v 1 peptides focuses blocking IgG toward IgE epitopes and shifts immune responses to a tolerogenic and Th1 phenotype. *J Immunol.* 2013;190(7):3068-3078.
227. Campana R, Vrtala S, Maderegger B, et al. Hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 obtained by rational sequence reassembly. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2010;126(5):1024-1031. 1031.e1021-1028.

228. Mikkelsen S, Bibby BM, Dolberg MK, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ. Basophil sensitivity through CD63 or CD203c is a functional measure for specific immunotherapy. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2010;8(1):2.

229. Lalek N, Kosnik M, Silar M, Korosec P. Immunoglobulin G-dependent changes in basophil allergen threshold sensitivity during birch pollen immunotherapy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(8):1186-1193.

230. Sénéchal H, Keykhosravi S, Couderc R, et al. Pollen/Fruit Syndrome: Clinical Relevance of the Cypress Pollen Allergenic Gibberellin-Regulated Protein. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2019;11(1):143-151.

231. Klingebiel C, Chantran Y, Arif-Lusson R, et al. Pru p 7 sensitization is a predominant cause of severe, cypress pollen-associated peach allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(4):526-536.

232. Campana RVS, Maderegger B, et al. Altered IgE epitope presentation: A model for hypoallergenic activity revealed for Bet v 1 trimer. *Mol Immunol.* 2011;48(4):431-441. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.09.016

233. Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, et al. Molecular evolution of hypoallergenic hybrid proteins for vaccination against grass pollen allergy. *J Immunol.* 2015;194(8):4008-4018.

234. Sonneck KBC, Rebuzzi L, et al. Recombinant allergens promote expression of aminopeptidase-n (CD13) on basophils in allergic patients. *Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol.* 2008;21(1):11-21. doi:10.1177/039463200802100103

235. Smiljkovic DKR, Lupinek C, et al. MicroarrayBased Detection of Allergen-Reactive IgE in Patients with Mastocytosis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.* 2020;8(8):2761-2768.e16. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.030

236. Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, Niespodziana K, et al. Development and characterization of a recombinant, hypoallergenic, peptide-based vaccine for grass pollen allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1207-1207.e1201-1211.

237. Focke-Tejkl MCR, Reininger R, et al. Dissection of the IgE and T-cell recognition of the major group 5 grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;133(3):836-45.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.038

238. Gadermaier EFS, Blatt K, et al. Possible therapeutic potential of a recombinant group 2 grass pollen allergenspecific antibody fragment. *Allergy.* 2014;69(2):261-264. doi:10.1111/all.12315

239. Najafi N, Hofer G, Gattinger P, et al. Fusion proteins consisting of Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 form IgE-reactive aggregates with reduced allergic activity. *Sci Rep.* 2019;9(1):4006. Published 2019 Mar 8. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39798-8

240. Dorofeeva Y, Colombo P, Blanca M, et al. Expression and characterization of recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 resembling the allergenic epitopes of Parietaria judaica pollen. *Sci Rep.* 2019;9(1):15043.

241. Zieglmayer PF-TM, Schmutz R, et al. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of a B cell epitope-based vaccine for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. *EBioMedicine.* 2016;11:43-57. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.022

242. Bonura A, Gulino L, Trapani A, et al. Isolation, expression and immunological characterization of a calcium-binding protein from Parietaria pollen. *Mol Immunol.* 2008;45(9):2465-2473.

243. Weghofer M, Grote M, Resch Y, et al. Identification of Der p 23, a peritrophin-like protein, as a new major Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen associated with the peritrophic matrix of mite fecal pellets. *J Immunol.* 2013;190(7):3059-3067.

244. Resch Y, Blatt K, Malkus U, et al. Molecular, Structural and Immunological Characterization of Der p 18, a Chitinase-Like House Dust Mite Allergen. *PLoS One.* 2016;11(8):e0160641.

245. An S, Shen C, Liu X, et al. Alpha-actinin is a new type of house dust mite allergen. *PLoS One.* 2013;8(12):e81377.

246. Chen KW, Fuchs G, Sonneck K, et al. Reduction of the *in vivo* allergenicity of Der p 2, the major house-dust mite allergen, by genetic engineering. *Mol Immunol.* 2008;45(9):2486-2498.

247. Chen KW, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, et al. Carrier-bound nonallergenic Der p 2 peptides induce IgG antibodies blocking allergen-induced basophil activation in allergic patients. *Allergy.* 2012;67(5):609-621.

248. Banerjee S, Weber M, Blatt K, et al. Conversion of Der p 23, a new major house dust mite allergen, into a hypoallergenic vaccine. *J Immunol.* 2014;192(10):4867-4875.

249. Huang HJ, Curin M, Banerjee S, et al. A hypoallergenic peptide mix containing T cell epitopes of the clinically relevant house dust mite allergens. *Allergy.* 2019;74(12):2461-2478.

250. Wigginton SJ, Furtado PB, Armour KL, et al. An immunoglobulin E-reactive chimeric human immunoglobulin G1 anti-idiotype inhibits basophil degranulation through cross-linking of FcepsilonRI with FcgammaRIIb. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2008;38(2):313-319.

251. Zidarn MRM, Kravec A, et al. Clinical and immunological differences between asymptomatic HDMsensitized and HDM-allergic rhinitis patients. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(6):808-818. doi:10.1111/cea.13361

252. Wei JFYH, Li D, Gao P, He S. Preparation and identification of Per a 5 as a novel American cockroach allergen. *Mediators Inflamm.* 2014;2014:591468. doi:10.1155/2014/591468

253. Yang H, Chen H, Jin M, Xie H, He S, Wei JF. Molecular cloning, expression, IgE binding activities and in silico epitope prediction of Per a 9 allergens of the American cockroach. *Int J Mol Med.* 2016;38(6):1795-1805.

254. Tong X, Guo M, Jin M, Chen H, Li Y, Wei JF. In silico epitope prediction, expression and functional analysis of Per a 10 allergen from the American cockroach. *Int J Mol Med.* 2016;38(6):1806-1814.

255. Reininger R, Swoboda I, Bohle B, et al. Characterization of recombinant cat albumin. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2003;33(12):1695-1702.

256. Ocmant A, Peignois Y, Mulier S, Hanssens L, Michils A, Schandené L. Flow cytometry for basophil activation markers: the measurement of CD203c up-regulation is as reliable as CD63 expression in the diagnosis of cat allergy. *J Immunol Methods.* 2007;320(1-2):40-48.

257. Zhu DX, Li L, Xu ZQ, et al. Cat-NPC2, a Newly Identified Allergen, With High Cross-Reactivity to Can f 7. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2021;13(1):122-140.

258. Niespodziana K, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, et al. A hypoallergenic cat vaccine based on Fel d 1-derived peptides fused to hepatitis B PreS. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2011;127(6):1562-1570.e1566.

259. Curin M, Weber M, Thalhamer T, et al. Hypoallergenic derivatives of Fel d 1 obtained by rational reassembly for allergy vaccination and tolerance induction. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2014;44(6):882-894.

260. Wang YJ, Li L, Song WJ, et al. Canis familiaris allergen Can f 6: expression, purification and analysis of B-cell epitopes in Chinese dog allergic children. *Oncotarget.* 2017;8(53):90796-90807.

261. Wintersand A, Asplund K, Binnmyr J, et al. Allergens in dog extracts: Implication for diagnosis and treatment. *Allergy.* 2019;74(8):1472-1479.

262. Käck U, Asarnoj A, Binnmyr J, et al. Basophil activation testing, IgG, and IgG4 in the diagnosis of dog allergy in children with and without a dog at home. *Allergy.* 2020;75(5):1269-1272.

263. Klimek L, Hoffmann HJ, Renz H, et al. Diagnostic test allergens used for *in vivo* diagnosis of allergic diseases are at risk: a European Perspective. *Allergy.* 2015;70(10):1329-1331.

264. Cardona V, Demoly P, Dreborg S, et al. Current practice of allergy diagnosis and the potential impact of regulation in Europe. *Allergy.* 2018;73(2):323-327.

265. Hoffmann HJ, Knol EF, Ferrer M, et al. Pros and Cons of Clinical Basophil Testing (BAT). *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2016;16(8):56.

266. van Hoffen E, van der Kleij HP, den Hartog Jager CF, et al. Chemical modification of peanut conglutin reduces IgE reactivity but not T cell reactivity in peanut-allergic patients. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2014;44(12):1558-1566.
227. Campana R, Vrtala S, Maderegger B, et al. Hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 obtained by rational sequence reassembly. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2010;126(5):1024-1031. 1031.e1021-1028.

228. Mikkelsen S, Bibby BM, Dolberg MK, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ. Basophil sensitivity through CD63 or CD203c is a functional measure for specific immunotherapy. *Clin Mol Allergy.* 2010;8(1):2.

229. Lalek N, Kosnik M, Silar M, Korosec P. Immunoglobulin G-dependent changes in basophil allergen threshold sensitivity during birch pollen immunotherapy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(8):1186-1193.

230. Sénéchal H, Keykhosravi S, Couderc R, et al. Pollen/Fruit Syndrome: Clinical Relevance of the Cypress Pollen Allergenic Gibberellin-Regulated Protein. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2019;11(1):143-151.

231. Klingebiel C, Chantran Y, Arif-Lusson R, et al. Pru p 7 sensitization is a predominant cause of severe, cypress pollen-associated peach allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2019;49(4):526-536.

232. Campana RVS, Maderegger B, et al. Altered IgE epitope presentation: A model for hypoallergenic activity revealed for Bet v 1 trimer. *Mol Immunol.* 2011;48(4):431-441. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.09.016

233. Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, et al. Molecular evolution of hypoallergenic hybrid proteins for vaccination against grass pollen allergy. *J Immunol.* 2015;194(8):4008-4018.

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269. Santos AF, James LK, Bahnson HT, et al. IgG4 inhibits peanut-induced basophil and mast cell activation in peanut-tolerant children sensitized to peanut major allergens. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2015;135(5):1249-1256.

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272. Franzese CB. AAOA allergy primer: history and physical examination. *Int Forum Allergy Rhinol*. 2014;4(Suppl 2):S28-S31.

273. Deschildre A, Lejeune S, Cap M, et al. Food allergy phenotypes: The key to personalized therapy. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2017;47(9):1125-1137.

274. Simpson A, Lazic N, Belgrave DC, et al. Patterns of IgE responses to multiple allergen components and clinical symptoms at age 11 years. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2015;136(5):1224-1231.

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279. Martínez-Aranguren RM, Gamboa PM, García-Lirio E, Asturias J, Goikoetxea MJ, Sanz ML. *In vivo* and *in vitro* testing with rAni s 1 can facilitate diagnosis of Anisakis simplex allergy. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol*. 2014;24(6):431-438.

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282. Douladiris N, Garib V, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Papadopoulos NG, Linhart B. Detection of genuine grass pollen sensitization in children by skin testing with a recombinant grass pollen hybrid. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol*. 2019;30(1):59-65.

283. Augé J, Vent J, Agache I, et al. EAACI Position paper on the standardization of nasal allergen challenges. *Allergy*. 2018;73(8):1597-1608.

284. Sindher S, Long AJ, Purington N, et al. Analysis of a Large Standardized Food Challenge Data Set to Determine Predictors of Positive Outcome Across Multiple Allergens. *Front Immunol*. 2018;9:2689.

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286. Niederberger V, Stübner P, Spitzauer S, et al. Skin test results but not serology reflect immediate type respiratory sensitivity:

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287. Campo P, Villalba M, Barrionuevo E, et al. Immunologic responses to the major allergen of Olea europaea in local and systemic allergic rhinitis subjects. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2015;45(11):1703-1712.

288. Ruoppi P, Virtanen T, Zeiler T, et al. *In vitro* and *in vivo* responses to the recombinant bovine dander allergen Bos d 2 and its fragments. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2001;31(6):915-919.

289. Gherasim A, Fauquert JL, Domis N, Siomboing X, de Blay F. Birch allergen challenges in allergic conjunctivitis using standard conjunctival allergen challenge and environmental exposure chamber. *Clin Transl Allergy*. 2021;11(6):e12053.

290. Pfaar O, Calderon MA, Andrews CP, et al. Allergen exposure chambers: harmonizing current concepts and projecting the needs for the future - an EAACI Position Paper. *Allergy*. 2017;72(7):1035-1042.

291. Niederberger V, Eckl-Dorna J, Pauli G. Recombinant allergen-based provocation testing. *Methods*. 2014;66(1):96-105.

292. Taylor G, Walker J. Charles Harrison Blackley, 1820-1900. *Clin Allergy*. 1973;3(2):103-108.

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294. Preisser AM, Kraft AM, Harth V. Severe bronchial reaction to provocation with fish and crustaceans. *Allergol Select*. 2020;4:118-123.

295. Pajno GB, Fernandez-Rivas M, Arasi S, et al. EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: IgE-mediated food allergy. *Allergy*. 2018;73(4):799-815.

296. Santos AF, Du Toit G, O'Rourke C, et al. Biomarkers of severity and threshold of allergic reactions during oral peanut challenges. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2020;146(2):344-355.

297. Jurd RD. Hypersensitivity in fishes: a review. *J Fish Biol*. 1987;31:1-7.

298. Sung SC, Cheng CH, Chou CM, et al. Expression and characterization of a constitutively active STAT6 from Tetraodon. *Fish Shellfish Immunol*. 2010;28(5-6):819-828.

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300. Jackson JA, Friberg IM, Bolch L, et al. Immunomodulatory parasites and toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor alpha responsiveness in wild mammals. *BMC Biol*. 2009;7:16.

301. Sattler S, Smits HH, Xu D, Huang FP. The evolutionary role of the IL-33/ST2 system in host immune defence. *Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)*. 2013;61(2):107-117.

302. Rivers-Auty J, Daniels MJD, Colliver I, Robertson DL, Brough D. Redefining the ancestral origins of the interleukin-1 superfamily. *Nat Commun*. 2018;9(1):1156.

303. Pritchard DI, Falcone FH, Mitchell PD. The evolution of IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity and its immunological value. *Allergy*. 2021;76(4):1024-1040.

304. Fitzsimmons CM, Falcone FH, Dunne DW. Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity. *Front Immunol*. 2014;5:61.

305. Berzofsky JA. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in protein antigenic structure. *Science*. 1985;229(4717):932-940.

306. Melioli G, Marcomini L, Agazzi A, et al. The IgE repertoire in children and adolescents resolved at component level: a cross-sectional study. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol*. 2012;23(5):433-440.

307. Schwarz A, Panetta V, Cappella A, et al. IgG and IgG(4) to 91 allergenic molecules in early childhood by route of exposure and current and future IgE sensitization: Results from the Multicentre Allergy Study birth cohort. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2016;138(5):1426-1433.e1412.

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325. Moreno FJ, Clemente A. 2S Albumin Storage Proteins: What Makes them Food Allergens? *Open Biochem J.* 2008;2:16-28.

326. Egger M, Hauser M, Mari A, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. The role of lipid transfer proteins in allergic diseases. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2010;10(5):326-335.

327. Lewit-Bentley A, Réty S. EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. *Curr Opin Struct Biol.* 2000;10(6):637-643.

328. Magler I, Nüss D, Hauser M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H. Molecular metamorphosis in polcalcin allergens by EF-hand rearrangements and domain swapping. *FEBS J.* 2010;277(12):2598-2610.

329. Kuehn A, Swoboda I, Arumugam K, Hilger C, Hentges F. Fish allergens at a glance: variable allergicenicity of parvalbumins, the major fish allergens. *Front Immunol.* 2014;5:179.

330. Hermann A, Cox JA. Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. *Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.* 1995;111(3):337-345.

331. Gao Y, Gillen CM, Wheatly MG. Molecular characterization of the sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) from crayfish Procambarus clarkii. *Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.* 2006;144(4):478-487.

332. Haech J, Moreau M, Leclerc C, Kilhoffer MC. Facts and conjectures on calmodulin and its cousin proteins, parvalbumin and troponin C. *Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res.* 2019;1866(7):1046-1053.

333. Preller M, Manstein DJ. Myosin structure, allostery, and mechanochemistry. *Structure.* 2013;21(11):1911-1922.

334. Reese G, Ayuso R, Lehrer SB. Tropomyosin: an invertebrate pan-allergen. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 1999;119(4):247-258.

335. Lopata AL, O'Hehir RE, Lehrer SB. Shellfish allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(6):850-858.

336. Radauer C, Willerroider M, Fuchs H, et al. Cross-reactive and species-specific immunoglobulin E epitopes of plant profilins: an experimental and structure-based analysis. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2006;36(7):920-929.

337. Hauser M, Roulias A, Ferreira F, Egger M. Panallergens and their impact on the allergic patient. *Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol.* 2010;6(1):1.

338. Asero R, Ariano R, Aruanno A, et al. Systemic allergic reactions induced by labile plant-food allergens: Seeking potential cofactors. *A multicenter study. Allergy.* 2021;76(5):1473-1479.

339. Rosace D, Gomez-Casado C, Fernandez P, et al. Profilin-mediated food-induced allergic reactions are associated with oral epithelial remodeling. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(2):681-690. e681.

340. Radauer C, Lackner P, Breiteneder H. The Bet v 1 fold: an ancient, versatile scaffold for binding of large, hydrophobic ligands. *BMC Evol Biol.* 2008;8:286.

341. Willison LN, Sathe SK, Roux KH. Production and analysis of recombinant tree nut allergens. *Methods.* 2014;66(1):34-43.

342. D'Avino R, Bernardi ML, Wallner M, et al. Kiwifruit Act d 11 is the first member of the ripening-related protein family identified as an allergen. *Allergy.* 2011;66(7):870-877.

343. Guhsl EE, Hofstetter G, Hemmer W, et al. Vig r 6, the cytokinin-specific binding protein from mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts, cross-reacts with Bet v 1-related allergens and binds IgE from birch pollen allergic patients' sera. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2014;58(3):625-634.

344. Chiu HJ, Bakolitsa C, Skerra A, et al. Structure of the first representative of Pfam family PF09410 (DUF2006) reveals a structural signature of the calycin superfamily that suggests a role in lipid metabolism. *Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun.* 2010;66(Pt 10):1153-1159.

345. Hilger C, Kuehn A, Hentges F. Animal lipocalin allergens. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2012;12(5):438-447.

346. Hernández-Vargas MJ, Santibáñez-López CE, Corzo G. An Insight into the Triabin Protein Family of American Hematophagous Reduviids: Functional, Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis. *Toxins (Basel).* 2016;8(2):44.

347. Castillo RM, Mizuguchi K, Dhanaraj V, Albert A, Blundell TL, Murzin AG. A six-stranded double-psi beta barrel is shared by several protein superfamilies. *Structure.* 1999;7(2):227-236.

348. Sampedro J, Cosgrove DJ. The expansin superfamily. *Genome Biol.* 2005;6(12):242.

349. Cosgrove DJ, Bedinger P, Durachko DM. Group I allergens of grass pollen as cell wall-loosening agents. *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.* 1997;94(12):6559-6564.

350. Tuppo L, Giangrieco I, Palazzo P, et al. Kiwellin, a modular protein from green and gold kiwi fruits: evidence of *in vivo* and *in vitro* processing and IgE binding. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2008;56(10):3812-3817.
309. Hatzler L, Panetta V, Lau S, et al. Molecular spreading and predictive value of preclinical IgE response to Phleum pratense in children with hay fever. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(4):894-901. e895.

310. Posa D, Hofmaier S, Arasi S, Matricardi PM. Natural Evolution of IgE Responses to Mite Allergens and Relationship to Progression of Allergic Disease: a Review. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2017;17(5):28.

311. Custovic A, Sonntag HJ, Buchan IE, Belgrave D, Simpson A, Prosperi MCF. Evolution pathways of IgE responses to grass and mite allergens throughout childhood. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;136(6):1645-1652.

312. Asarnoj A, Hamsten C, Wadén K, et al. Sensitization to cat and dog allergen molecules in childhood and prediction of symptoms of cat and dog allergy in adolescence: A BAMSE/MeDALL study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2016;137(3):813-821.e817.

313. Asarnoj A, Hamsten C, Lupinek C, et al. Prediction of peanut allergy in adolescence by early childhood storage protein-specific IgE signatures: The BAMSE population-based birth cohort. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(2):587-590.e587.

314. Mistry J, Chuguransky S, Williams L, et al. Pfam: The protein families database in 2021. *Nucleic Acids Res.* 2021;49(D1):D412-d419.

315. Platts-Mills TA, Woodfolk JA. Allergens and their role in the allergic immune response. *Immunol Rev.* 2011;242(1):51-68.

316. Wills-Karp M. Allergen-specific pattern recognition receptor pathways. *Curr Opin Immunol.* 2010;22(6):777-782.

317. Trompette A, Divanovic S, Visintin A, et al. Allergicenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein. *Nature.* 2009;457(7229):585-588.

318. Herre J, Grönlund H, Brooks H, et al. Allergens as immunomodulatory proteins: the cat dander protein Fel d 1 enhances TLR activation by lipid ligands. *J Immunol.* 2013;191(4):1529-1535.

319. Shreffler WG, Castro RR, Cukuc ZY, et al. The major glycoprotein allergen from Arachis hypogaea, Ara h 1, is a ligand of dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin and acts as a Th2 adjuvant in vitro. *J Immunol.* 2006;177(6):3677-3685.

320. Sun G, Stacey MA, Schmidt M, Mori L, Mattoli S. Interaction of mite allergens Der p3 and Der p9 with protease-activated receptor-2 expressed by lung epithelial cells. *J Immunol.* 2001;167(2):1014-1021.

321. Shewry PR, Halford NG, Belton PS, Tatham AS. The structure and properties of gluten: an elastic protein from wheat grain. *Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.* 2002;357(1418):133-142.

322. Tatham AS, Shewry PR. Allergens to wheat and related cereals. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2008;38(11):1712-1726.

323. Oda Y, Matsunaga T, Fukuyama K, Miyazaki T, Morimoto T. Tertiary and quaternary structures of 0.19 alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat kernel determined by X-ray analysis at 2.06 Å resolution. *Biochemistry.* 1997;36(44):13503-13511.

324. Salcedo G, Quirce S, Diaz-Perales A. Wheat allergens associated with Baker's asthma. *J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.* 2011;21(2):81-92. quiz 94.

325. Moreno FJ, Clemente A. 2S Albumin Storage Proteins: What Makes them Food Allergens? *Open Biochem J.* 2008;2:16-28.

326. Egger M, Hauser M, Mari A, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. The role of lipid transfer proteins in allergic diseases. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2010;10(5):326-335.

327. Lewit-Bentley A, Réty S. EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. *Curr Opin Struct Biol.* 2000;10(6):637-643.

328. Magler I, Nüss D, Hauser M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H. Molecular metamorphosis in polcalcin allergens by EF-hand rearrangements and domain swapping. *FEBS J.* 2010;277(12):2598-2610.

329. Kuehn A, Swoboda I, Arumugam K, Hilger C, Hentges F. Fish allergens at a glance: variable allergicenicity of parvalbumins, the major fish allergens. *Front Immunol.* 2014;5:179.

330. Hermann A, Cox JA. Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. *Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.* 1995;111(3):337-345.

331. Gao Y, Gillen CM, Wheatly MG. Molecular characterization of the sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) from crayfish Procambarus clarkii. *Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.* 2006;144(4):478-487.

332. Haech J, Moreau M, Leclerc C, Kilhoffer MC. Facts and conjectures on calmodulin and its cousin proteins, parvalbumin and troponin C. *Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res.* 2019;1866(7):1046-1053.

333. Preller M, Manstein DJ. Myosin structure, allostery, and mechanochemistry. *Structure.* 2013;21(11):1911-1922.

334. Reese G, Ayuso R, Lehrer SB. Tropomyosin: an invertebrate pan-allergen. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 1999;119(4):247-258.

335. Lopata AL, O'Hehir RE, Lehrer SB. Shellfish allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2010;40(6):850-858.

336. Radauer C, Willerroider M, Fuchs H, et al. Cross-reactive and species-specific immunoglobulin E epitopes of plant profilins: an experimental and structure-based analysis. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2006;36(7):920-929.

337. Hauser M, Roulias A, Ferreira F, Egger M. Panallergens and their impact on the allergic patient. *Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol.* 2010;6(1):1.

338. Asero R, Ariano R, Aruanno A, et al. Systemic allergic reactions induced by labile plant-food allergens: Seeking potential cofactors. A multicenter study. *Allergy.* 2021;76(5):1473-1479.

339. Rosace D, Gomez-Casado C, Fernandez P, et al. Profilin-mediated food-induced allergic reactions are associated with oral epithelial remodeling. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;143(2):681-690. e681.

340. Radauer C, Lackner P, Breiteneder H. The Bet v 1 fold: an ancient, versatile scaffold for binding of large, hydrophobic ligands. *BMC Evol Biol.* 2008;8:286.

341. Willison LN, Sathe SK, Roux KH. Production and analysis of recombinant tree nut allergens. *Methods.* 2014;66(1):34-43.

342. D'Avino R, Bernardi ML, Wallner M, et al. Kiwifruit Act d 11 is the first member of the ripening-related protein family identified as an allergen. *Allergy.* 2011;66(7):870-877.

343. Guhsl EE, Hofstetter G, Hemmer W, et al. Vig r 6, the cytokinin-specific binding protein from mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts, cross-reacts with Bet v 1-related allergens and binds IgE from birch pollen allergic patients' sera. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2014;58(3):625-634.

344. Chiu HJ, Bakolitsa C, Skerra A, et al. Structure of the first representative of Pfam family PF09410 (DUF2006) reveals a structural signature of the calycin superfamily that suggests a role in lipid metabolism. *Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun.* 2010;66(Pt 10):1153-1159.

345. Hilger C, Kuehn A, Hentges F. Animal lipocalin allergens. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2012;12(5):438-447.

346. Hernández-Vargas MJ, Santibáñez-López CE, Corzo G. An Insight into the Triabin Protein Family of American Hematophagous Reduviids: Functional, Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis. *Toxins (Basel).* 2016;8(2):44.

347. Castillo RM, Mizuguchi K, Dhanaraj V, Albert A, Blundell TL, Murzin AG. A six-stranded double-psi beta barrel is shared by several protein superfamilies. *Structure.* 1999;7(2):227-236.

348. Sampedro J, Cosgrove DJ. The expansin superfamily. *Genome Biol.* 2005;6(12):242.

349. Cosgrove DJ, Bedinger P, Durachko DM. Group I allergens of grass pollen as cell wall-loosening agents. *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.* 1997;94(12):6559-6564.

350. Tuppo L, Giangrieco I, Palazzo P, et al. Kiwellin, a modular protein from green and gold kiwi fruits: evidence of *in vivo* and *in vitro* processing and IgE binding. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2008;56(10):3812-3817.
351. Han X, Altegoer F, Steinchen W, et al. A kiwellin disarms the metabolic activity of a secreted fungal virulence factor. *Nature*. 2019;565(7741):650-653.

352. Berthelot K, Peruch F, Lecomte S. Highlights on Hevea brasiliensis (pro)hevein proteins. *Biochimie*. 2016;127:258-270.

353. Gibbs GM, Roelants K, O'Bryan MK. The CAP superfamily: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins-roles in reproduction, cancer, and immune defense. *Endocr Rev*. 2008;29(7):865-897.

354. Abraham A, Chandler DE. Tracing the Evolutionary History of the CAP Superfamily of Proteins Using Amino Acid Sequence Homology and Conservation of Splice Sites. *J Mol Evol*. 2017;85(3-4):137-157.

355. Czerwinski EW, Midoro-Horiuti T, White MA, Brooks EG, Goldblum RM. Crystal structure of Jun a 1, the major cedar pollen allergen from Juniperus ashei, reveals a parallel beta-helical core. *J Biol Chem*. 2005;280(5):3740-3746.

356. Ghosh N, Sircar G, Asam C, et al. Purification and biochemical characterization of Hel a 6, a cross-reactive pectate lyase allergen from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen. *Sci Rep*. 2020;10(1):20177.

357. Pichler U, Hauser M, Wolf M, et al. Pectate lyase pollen allergens: sensitization profiles and cross-reactivity pattern. *PLoS One*. 2015;10(5):e0120038.

358. Stemeseder T, Freier R, Wildner S, et al. Crystal structure of Pla I 1 reveals both structural similarity and allergenic divergence within the Ole e 1-like protein family. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2017;140(1):277-280.

359. Robledo Retana T, Bradley-Clarke J, Croll T, et al. Lig v 1 structure and the inflammatory response to the Ole e 1 protein family. *Allergy*. 2020;75(9):2395-2398.

360. Mills EN, Jenkins JA, Alcocer MJ, Shewry PR. Structural, biological, and evolutionary relationships of plant food allergens sensitizing via the gastrointestinal tract. *Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr*. 2004;44(5):379-407.

361. Rawlings ND, Bateman A. How to use the MEROPS database and website to help understand peptidase specificity. *Protein Sci*. 2021;30(1):83-92.

362. Zhai Y, Cui Y, Song M, Vainstein A, Chen S, Ma H. Papain-Like Cysteine Protease Gene Family in Fig (Ficus carica L.): Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Patterns. *Front. Plant Sci*. 2021;12:681801.

363. Radauer C, Breiteneder H. Allergen databases-A critical evaluation. *Allergy*. 2019;74(11):2057-2060.

364. Noon L. Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. *Lancet*. 1911;1572-1573.

365. Jongejan L, van Ree R, Poulsen LK. Hypoallergenic molecules for subcutaneous immunotherapy. *Expert Rev Clin Immunol*. 2016;12(1):5-7.

366. Nielsen L, Johnsen CR, Mosbech H, Poulsen LK, Malling HJ. Antihistamine premedication in specific cluster immunotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 1996;97(6):1207-1213.

367. Chaker AM, Shamji MH, Dumitru FA, et al. Short-term subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy under the umbrella of anti-IL-4: A randomized controlled trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2016;137(2):452-461.e459.

368. Dantzer JA, Wood RA. Update on omalizumab in allergen immunotherapy. *Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2021;21(6):559-568.

369. Chapman MD, Ferreira F, Villalba M, et al. The European Union CREATE project: a model for international standardization of allergy diagnostics and vaccines. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(5):882-889.e882.

370. Neske F, Schörner C, Buchheit KH, et al. BSP090-the follow-up to CREATE. *Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess*. 2009;96:12-19. discussion 19-20.

371. Himly M, Nandy A, Kahlert H, et al. Standardization of allergen products: 2. Detailed characterization of GMP-produced recombinant Phl p 5.0109 as European Pharmacopoeia reference standard. *Allergy*. 2016;71(4):495-504.

372. Kaul S, Zimmer J, Dehus O, et al. Standardization of allergen products: 3. Validation of candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard methods for quantification of major birch allergen Bet v 1. *Allergy*. 2016;71(10):1414-1424.

373. Zimmer J, Schmidt S, Kaul S, et al. Standardisation of allergen products: 4. Validation of a candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard method for quantification of major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. *Allergy*. 2022;77(2):633-642.

374. Bonertz A, Roberts G, Slater JE, et al. Allergen manufacturing and quality aspects for allergen immunotherapy in Europe and the United States: An analysis from the EAACI AIT Guidelines Project. *Allergy*. 2018;73(4):816-826.

375. Englert L, Mahler V, Bonertz A. Regulatory Requirements for the Quality of Allergen Products for Allergen Immunotherapy of Food Allergy. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep*. 2021;21(5):32.

376. Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, Christensen F, Leung DY. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 1992;90(2):256-262.

377. Burks AW, Jones SM, Wood RA, et al. Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy in children. *N Engl J Med*. 2012;367(3):233-243.

378. Caminiti L, Pajno GB, Crisafulli G, et al. Oral Immunotherapy for Egg Allergy: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study, with Postdesensitization Follow-Up. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract*. 2015;3(4):532-539.

379. Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, et al. Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. *Lancet*. 2019;394(10207):1437-1449.

380. O'B Hourihane J, Beyer K, Abbas A, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy with AR101 in European children with a peanut allergy (ARTEMIS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. *Lancet Child Adolesc Health*. 2020;4(10):728-739.

381. Vickery BP, Vereda A, Casale TB, et al. AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. *N Engl J Med*. 2018;379(21):1991-2001.

382. Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, et al. Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. *Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol*. 2018;3(2):85-94.

383. Wood RA, Kim JS, Lindblad R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow's milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2016;137(4):1103-1110.

384. De Schryver S, Mazer B, Clarke AE, et al. Adverse Events in Oral Immunotherapy for the Desensitization of Cow's Milk Allergy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract*. 2019;7(6):1912-1919.

385. Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Bloom KA, Sicherer SH, et al. Tolerance to extensively heated milk in children with cow's milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(2):342-347.

386. Lemon-Mulé H, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Immunologic changes in children with egg allergy ingesting extensively heated egg. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(5):977-983.

387. Turner PJ, Mehr S, Joshi P, et al. Safety of food challenges to extensively heated egg in egg-allergic children: a prospective cohort study. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol*. 2013;24(5):450-455.

388. Martos G, Lopez-Exposito I, Bencharitiwong R, Berin MC, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Mechanisms underlying differential food allergy response to heated egg. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2011;127(4):990-997.
351. Han X, Altegoer F, Steinchen W, et al. A kiwellin disarms the metabolic activity of a secreted fungal virulence factor. *Nature*. 2019;565(7741):650-653.

352. Berthelot K, Peruch F, Lecomte S. Highlights on Hevea brasiliensis (pro)hevein proteins. *Biochimie*. 2016;127:258-270.

353. Gibbs GM, Roelants K, O'Bryan MK. The CAP superfamily: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins-roles in reproduction, cancer, and immune defense. *Endocr Rev*. 2008;29(7):865-897.

354. Abraham A, Chandler DE. Tracing the Evolutionary History of the CAP Superfamily of Proteins Using Amino Acid Sequence Homology and Conservation of Splice Sites. *J Mol Evol*. 2017;85(3-4):137-157.

355. Czerwinski EW, Midoro-Horiuti T, White MA, Brooks EG, Goldblum RM. Crystal structure of Jun a 1, the major cedar pollen allergen from Juniperus ashei, reveals a parallel beta-helical core. *J Biol Chem*. 2005;280(5):3740-3746.

356. Ghosh N, Sircar G, Asam C, et al. Purification and biochemical characterization of Hel a 6, a cross-reactive pectate lyase allergen from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen. *Sci Rep*. 2020;10(1):20177.

357. Pichler U, Hauser M, Wolf M, et al. Pectate lyase pollen allergens: sensitization profiles and cross-reactivity pattern. *PLoS One*. 2015;10(5):e0120038.

358. Stemeseder T, Freier R, Wildner S, et al. Crystal structure of Pla I 1 reveals both structural similarity and allergenic divergence within the Ole e 1-like protein family. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2017;140(1):277-280.

359. Robledo Retana T, Bradley-Clarke J, Croll T, et al. Lig v 1 structure and the inflammatory response to the Ole e 1 protein family. *Allergy*. 2020;75(9):2395-2398.

360. Mills EN, Jenkins JA, Alcocer MJ, Shewry PR. Structural, biological, and evolutionary relationships of plant food allergens sensitizing via the gastrointestinal tract. *Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr*. 2004;44(5):379-407.

361. Rawlings ND, Bateman A. How to use the MEROPS database and website to help understand peptidase specificity. *Protein Sci*. 2021;30(1):83-92.

362. Zhai Y, Cui Y, Song M, Vainstein A, Chen S, Ma H. Papain-Like Cysteine Protease Gene Family in Fig (Ficus carica L.): Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Patterns. *Front. Plant Sci*. 2021;12:681801.

363. Radauer C, Breiteneder H. Allergen databases-A critical evaluation. *Allergy*. 2019;74(11):2057-2060.

364. Noon L. Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. *Lancet*. 1911;1572-1573.

365. Jongejan L, van Ree R, Poulsen LK. Hypoallergenic molecules for subcutaneous immunotherapy. *Expert Rev Clin Immunol*. 2016;12(1):5-7.

366. Nielsen L, Johnsen CR, Mosbech H, Poulsen LK, Malling HJ. Antihistamine premedication in specific cluster immunotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 1996;97(6):1207-1213.

367. Chaker AM, Shamji MH, Dumitru FA, et al. Short-term subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy under the umbrella of anti-IL-4: A randomized controlled trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2016;137(2):452-461.e459.

368. Dantzer JA, Wood RA. Update on omalizumab in allergen immunotherapy. *Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2021;21(6):559-568.

369. Chapman MD, Ferreira F, Villalba M, et al. The European Union CREATE project: a model for international standardization of allergy diagnostics and vaccines. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(5):882-889.e882.

370. Neske F, Schörner C, Buchheit KH, et al. BSP090-the follow-up to CREATE. *Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess*. 2009;96:12-19. discussion 19-20.

371. Himly M, Nandy A, Kahlert H, et al. Standardization of allergen products: 2. Detailed characterization of GMP-produced recombinant Phl p 5.0109 as European Pharmacopoeia reference standard. *Allergy*. 2016;71(4):495-504.

372. Kaul S, Zimmer J, Dehus O, et al. Standardization of allergen products: 3. Validation of candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard methods for quantification of major birch allergen Bet v 1. *Allergy*. 2016;71(10):1414-1424.

373. Zimmer J, Schmidt S, Kaul S, et al. Standardisation of allergen products: 4. Validation of a candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard method for quantification of major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. *Allergy*. 2022;77(2):633-642.

374. Bonertz A, Roberts G, Slater JE, et al. Allergen manufacturing and quality aspects for allergen immunotherapy in Europe and the United States: An analysis from the EAACI AIT Guidelines Project. *Allergy*. 2018;73(4):816-826.

375. Englert L, Mahler V, Bonertz A. Regulatory Requirements for the Quality of Allergen Products for Allergen Immunotherapy of Food Allergy. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep*. 2021;21(5):32.

376. Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, Christensen F, Leung DY. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 1992;90(2):256-262.

377. Burks AW, Jones SM, Wood RA, et al. Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy in children. *N Engl J Med*. 2012;367(3):233-243.

378. Caminiti L, Pajno GB, Crisafulli G, et al. Oral Immunotherapy for Egg Allergy: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study, with Postdesensitization Follow-Up. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract*. 2015;3(4):532-539.

379. Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, et al. Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. *Lancet*. 2019;394(10207):1437-1449.

380. O'B Hourihane J, Beyer K, Abbas A, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy with AR101 in European children with a peanut allergy (ARTEMIS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. *Lancet Child Adolesc Health*. 2020;4(10):728-739.

381. Vickery BP, Vereda A, Casale TB, et al. AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. *N Engl J Med*. 2018;379(21):1991-2001.

382. Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, et al. Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. *Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol*. 2018;3(2):85-94.

383. Wood RA, Kim JS, Lindblad R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow's milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2016;137(4):1103-1110.

384. De Schryver S, Mazer B, Clarke AE, et al. Adverse Events in Oral Immunotherapy for the Desensitization of Cow's Milk Allergy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract*. 2019;7(6):1912-1919.

385. Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Bloom KA, Sicherer SH, et al. Tolerance to extensively heated milk in children with cow's milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(2):342-347.

386. Lemon-Mulé H, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Immunologic changes in children with egg allergy ingesting extensively heated egg. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2008;122(5):977-983.

387. Turner PJ, Mehr S, Joshi P, et al. Safety of food challenges to extensively heated egg in egg-allergic children: a prospective cohort study. *Pediatr Allergy Immunol*. 2013;24(5):450-455.

388. Martos G, Lopez-Exposito I, Bencharitiwong R, Berin MC, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Mechanisms underlying differential food allergy response to heated egg. *J Allergy Clin Immunol*. 2011;127(4):990-997.
389. Shin M, Lee J, Ahn K, Lee SI, Han Y. The influence of the presence of wheat flour on the antigenic activities of egg white proteins. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2013;5(1):42-47.

390. Kato Y, Oozawa E, Matsuda T. Decrease in antigenic and allergenic potentials of ovomucoid by heating in the presence of wheat flour: dependence on wheat variety and intermolecular disulfide bridges. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2001;49(8):3661-3665.

391. Kim EH, Bird JA, Kulis M, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2011;127(3):640-646.

392. Leonard SA, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, et al. Dietary baked egg accelerates resolution of egg allergy in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(2):473-480.

393. Kim EH, Perry TT, Wood RA, et al. Induction of sustained unsensiveness after egg oral immunotherapy compared to baked egg therapy in children with egg allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(4):851-862.

394. Blanc F, Vissers YM, Adel-Patient K, et al. Boiling peanut Ara h 1 results in the formation of aggregates with reduced allergenicity. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2011;55(12):1887-1894.

395. Turner PJ, Mehr S, Sayers R, et al. Loss of allergenic proteins during boiling explains tolerance to boiled peanut in peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):751-753.

396. Tao B, Morris S, Grzeskowiak L, Smith W, Forsyth K, Chataway T. Sequential hypoallergenic boiled peanut and roasted peanut oral immunotherapy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2017;47(11):1501-1504.

397. Hacini-Rachinel F, Vissers YM, Doucet-Ladevéze R, et al. Low-allergenic hydrolyzed egg induces oral tolerance in mice. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2014;164(1):64-73.

398. Giavi S, Vissers YM, Muraro A, et al. Oral immunotherapy with low allergenic hydrolysed egg in egg allergic children. *Allergy.* 2016;71(11):1575-1584.

399. Wood RA, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, et al. A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed, E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (EMP-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy. *Allergy.* 2013;68(6):803-808.

400. Enrique E, Pineda F, Malek T, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for hazelnut food allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a standardized hazelnut extract. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(5):1073-1079.

401. Fernández-Rivas M, Garrido Fernández S, Nadal JA, et al. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract. *Allergy.* 2009;64(6):876-883.

402. Kim EH, Yang L, Ye P, et al. Long-term sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy in children: Clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;144(5):1320-1326.

403. Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):119-127.

404. Burks AW, Wood RA, Jones SM, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: Long-term follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1240-1248.

405. Keet CA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Thyagarajan A, et al. The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129(2):448-455.

406. Narisety SD, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Keet CA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1275-1282.

407. Jutel M, Jaeger L, Suck R, Meyer H, Fiebig H, Cromwell O. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(3):608-613.

408. Pauli G, Larsen TH, Rak S, et al. Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birch-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;122(5):951-960.

409. Nandy A, Häfner D, Klysner S. Recombinant allergens in specific immunotherapy. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:143-151.

410. Cooke RA, Menzel AE, Kessler WR, Myers PA. The antibody mechanisms of ragweed allergy; electrophoretic and chemical studies. I. The blocking antibody. *J Exp Med.* 1955;101(2):177-196.

411. Shamji MH, Kappen JH, Akdis M, et al. Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper. *Allergy.* 2017;72(8):1156-1173.

412. Scurlock AM, Burks AW, Sicherer SH, et al. Epicutaneous immunotherapy for treatment of peanut allergy: Follow-up from the Consortium for Food Allergy Research. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;147(3):992-1003.

413. Flinterman AE, Knol EF, Lencer DA, et al. Peanut epitopes for IgE and IgG4 in peanut-sensitized children in relation to severity of peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;121(3):737-743.

414. Vickery BP, Lin J, Kulis M, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy modifies IgE and IgG4 responses to major peanut allergens. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):128-134.

415. Shamji MH, Wilcock LK, Wachholz PA, et al. The IgE-facilitated allergen binding (FAB) assay: validation of a novel flow-cytometric based method for the detection of inhibitory antibody responses. *J Immunol Methods.* 2006;317(1-2):71-79.

416. Shamji MH, Ljørring C, Francis JN, et al. Functional rather than immunoreactive levels of IgG4 correlate closely with clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy. *Allergy.* 2012;67(2):217-226.

417. Santos AF, James LK, Kwok M, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy induces blocking antibodies but does not change the functional characteristics of peanut-specific IgE. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;145(1):440-443.

418. Berin MC, Agashe C, Burks AW, et al. Allergen-specific T cells and clinical features of food allergy: Lessons from CoFAR immunotherapy cohorts. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2022;149(4):1373-1382.

419. Varshney P, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, et al. A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2011;127(3):654-660.

420. Wambre E, Bajzik V, DeLong JH, et al. A phenotypically and functionally distinct human T(H)2 cell subpopulation is associated with allergic disorders. *Sci Transl Med.* 2017;9(401).

421. Norman PS, Ohman JL Jr, Long AA, et al. Treatment of cat allergy with T-cell reactive peptides. *Am J Respir Crit Care Med.* 1996;154(6 Pt 1):1623-1628.

422. Maguire P, Nicodemus C, Robinson D, Aaronson D, Umetsu DT. The safety and efficacy of ALLERVAX CAT in cat allergic patients. *Clin Immunol.* 1999;93(3):222-231.

423. Patel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):103-109.

424. Niederberger V, Neubauer A, Gevaert P, et al. Safety and efficacy of immunotherapy with the recombinant B-cell epitope-based grass pollen vaccine BM32. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(2):497-509.

425. Spertini F, DellaCorte G, Kettner A, et al. Efficacy of 2 months of allergen-specific immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Results of a phase IIb study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2016;138(1):162-168.

426. Kettner A, DellaCorte G, de Blay F, et al. Benefit of Bet v 1 contiguous overlapping peptide immunotherapy persists during first follow-up season. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(2):678-680.
389. Shin M, Lee J, Ahn K, Lee SI, Han Y. The influence of the presence of wheat flour on the antigenic activities of egg white proteins. *Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.* 2013;5(1):42-47.

390. Kato Y, Oozawa E, Matsuda T. Decrease in antigenic and allergenic potentials of ovomucoid by heating in the presence of wheat flour: dependence on wheat variety and intermolecular disulfide bridges. *J Agric Food Chem.* 2001;49(8):3661-3665.

391. Kim EH, Bird JA, Kulis M, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2011;127(3):640-646.

392. Leonard SA, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, et al. Dietary baked egg accelerates resolution of egg allergy in children. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;130(2):473-480.

393. Kim EH, Perry TT, Wood RA, et al. Induction of sustained unsensiveness after egg oral immunotherapy compared to baked egg therapy in children with egg allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;146(4):851-862.

394. Blanc F, Vissers YM, Adel-Patient K, et al. Boiling peanut Ara h 1 results in the formation of aggregates with reduced allergenicity. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2011;55(12):1887-1894.

395. Turner PJ, Mehr S, Sayers R, et al. Loss of allergenic proteins during boiling explains tolerance to boiled peanut in peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):751-753.

396. Tao B, Morris S, Grzeskowiak L, Smith W, Forsyth K, Chataway T. Sequential hypoallergenic boiled peanut and roasted peanut oral immunotherapy. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2017;47(11):1501-1504.

397. Hacini-Rachinel F, Vissers YM, Doucet-Ladevéze R, et al. Low-allergenic hydrolyzed egg induces oral tolerance in mice. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2014;164(1):64-73.

398. Giavi S, Vissers YM, Muraro A, et al. Oral immunotherapy with low allergenic hydrolysed egg in egg allergic children. *Allergy.* 2016;71(11):1575-1584.

399. Wood RA, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, et al. A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed, E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (EMP-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy. *Allergy.* 2013;68(6):803-808.

400. Enrique E, Pineda F, Malek T, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for hazelnut food allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a standardized hazelnut extract. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(5):1073-1079.

401. Fernández-Rivas M, Garrido Fernández S, Nadal JA, et al. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract. *Allergy.* 2009;64(6):876-883.

402. Kim EH, Yang L, Ye P, et al. Long-term sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy in children: Clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2019;144(5):1320-1326.

403. Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):119-127.

404. Burks AW, Wood RA, Jones SM, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: Long-term follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1240-1248.

405. Keet CA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Thyagarajan A, et al. The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129(2):448-455.

406. Narisety SD, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Keet CA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(5):1275-1282.

407. Jutel M, Jaeger L, Suck R, Meyer H, Fiebig H, Cromwell O. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2005;116(3):608-613.

408. Pauli G, Larsen TH, Rak S, et al. Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birch-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;122(5):951-960.

409. Nandy A, Häfner D, Klysner S. Recombinant allergens in specific immunotherapy. *Allergo J Int.* 2015;24:143-151.

410. Cooke RA, Menzel AE, Kessler WR, Myers PA. The antibody mechanisms of ragweed allergy; electrophoretic and chemical studies. I. The blocking antibody. *J Exp Med.* 1955;101(2):177-196.

411. Shamji MH, Kappen JH, Akdis M, et al. Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper. *Allergy.* 2017;72(8):1156-1173.

412. Scurlock AM, Burks AW, Sicherer SH, et al. Epicutaneous immunotherapy for treatment of peanut allergy: Follow-up from the Consortium for Food Allergy Research. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;147(3):992-1003.

413. Flinterman AE, Knol EF, Lencer DA, et al. Peanut epitopes for IgE and IgG4 in peanut-sensitized children in relation to severity of peanut allergy. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;121(3):737-743.

414. Vickery BP, Lin J, Kulis M, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy modifies IgE and IgG4 responses to major peanut allergens. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):128-134.

415. Shamji MH, Wilcock LK, Wachholz PA, et al. The IgE-facilitated allergen binding (FAB) assay: validation of a novel flow-cytometric based method for the detection of inhibitory antibody responses. *J Immunol Methods.* 2006;317(1-2):71-79.

416. Shamji MH, Ljørring C, Francis JN, et al. Functional rather than immunoreactive levels of IgG4 correlate closely with clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy. *Allergy.* 2012;67(2):217-226.

417. Santos AF, James LK, Kwok M, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy induces blocking antibodies but does not change the functional characteristics of peanut-specific IgE. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;145(1):440-443.

418. Berin MC, Agashe C, Burks AW, et al. Allergen-specific T cells and clinical features of food allergy: Lessons from CoFAR immunotherapy cohorts. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2022;149(4):1373-1382.

419. Varshney P, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, et al. A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2011;127(3):654-660.

420. Wambre E, Bajzik V, DeLong JH, et al. A phenotypically and functionally distinct human T(H)2 cell subpopulation is associated with allergic disorders. *Sci Transl Med.* 2017;9(401).

421. Norman PS, Ohman JL Jr, Long AA, et al. Treatment of cat allergy with T-cell reactive peptides. *Am J Respir Crit Care Med.* 1996;154(6 Pt 1):1623-1628.

422. Maguire P, Nicodemus C, Robinson D, Aaronson D, Umetsu DT. The safety and efficacy of ALLERVAX CAT in cat allergic patients. *Clin Immunol.* 1999;93(3):222-231.

423. Patel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;131(1):103-109.

424. Niederberger V, Neubauer A, Gevaert P, et al. Safety and efficacy of immunotherapy with the recombinant B-cell epitope-based grass pollen vaccine BM32. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(2):497-509.

425. Spertini F, DellaCorte G, Kettner A, et al. Efficacy of 2 months of allergen-specific immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Results of a phase IIb study. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2016;138(1):162-168.

426. Kettner A, DellaCorte G, de Blay F, et al. Benefit of Bet v 1 contiguous overlapping peptide immunotherapy persists during first follow-up season. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(2):678-680.
427. Poulsen LK, Søndergaard I, Weeke B. Improvement of specific immunotherapy by human IgG and modified allergens. *Allergy*. 1989;44(4):241-255.

428. Eichhorn S, Hörschläger A, Steiner M, et al. Rational Design, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Immunogenicity of Hypoallergenic Pru p 3 Variants. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2019;63(18):e1900336.

429. Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Huber H, Swoboda I, et al. Development of a hypoallergenic recombinant parvalbumin for first-in-man subcutaneous immunotherapy of fish allergy. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2015;166(1):41-51.

430. Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Linhart B, et al. A recombinant hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated fish allergy. *J Immunol.* 2007;178(10):6290-6296.

431. Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129(5):1290-1296.

432. Zaleska A, Eiwegger T, Soyer O, et al. Immune regulation by intralymphatic immunotherapy with modular allergen translocation MAT vaccine. *Allergy*. 2014;69(9):1162-1170.

433. Orengo JM, Radin AR, Kamat V, et al. Treating cat allergy with monoclonal IgG antibodies that bind allergen and prevent IgE engagement. *Nat Commun.* 2018;9(1):1421.

434. Kurosaka A, Yano A, Itoh N, Kuroda Y, Nakagawa T, Kawasaki T. The structure of a neural specific carbohydrate epitope of horse-radish peroxidase recognized by anti-horseradish peroxidase anti-serum. *J Biol Chem.* 1991;266(7):4168-4172.

435. Tretter V, Altmann F, Kubelka V, März L, Becker WM. Fucose alpha 1,3-linked to the core region of glycoprotein N-glycans creates an important epitope for IgE from honeybee venom allergic individuals. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 1993;102(3):259-266.

436. Bencúrová M, Hemmer W, Focke-Tejkl M, Wilson IB, Altmann F. Specificity of IgG and IgE antibodies against plant and insect glycoprotein glycans determined with artificial glycoforms of human transferrin. *Glycobiology*. 2004;14(5):457-466.

437. Crispell G, Commins SP, Archer-Hartman SA, et al. Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy. *Front Immunol.* 2019;10:1056.

438. Steinke JW, Platts-Mills TA, Commins SP. The alpha-gal story: lessons learned from connecting the dots. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;135(3):589-596. quiz 597.

439. Mari A. IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants: analysis of the distribution and appraisal of the *in vivo* and *in vitro* reactivity. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2002;129(4):286-295.

440. Batanero E, Crespo JF, Monsalve RI, Martín-Esteban M, Villalba M, Rodríguez R. IgE-binding and histamine-release capabilities of the main carbohydrate component isolated from the major allergen of olive tree pollen, Ole e 1. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 1999;103(1 Pt 1):147-153.

441. Fötisch K, Altmann F, Haustein D, Vieths S. Involvement of carbohydrate epitopes in the IgE response of celery-allergic patients. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 1999;120(1):30-42.

442. Iacovacci P, Afferni C, Butteroni C, et al. Comparison between the native glycosylated and the recombinant Cup a1 allergen: role of carbohydrates in the histamine release from basophils. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2002;32(11):1620-1627.

443. Holzweber F, Svehla E, Fellner W, et al. Inhibition of IgE binding to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants enhances diagnostic selectivity. *Allergy*. 2013;68(10):1269-1277.

444. Altmann F. Basophil activation test is better but not good enough for the diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy: the problem of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2010;40:1290-1292.

445. Mertens M, Amler S, Moerschbacher BM, Brehler R. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants strongly affect the results of the basophil activation test in hymenoptera-venom allergy. *Clin Exp Allergy*. 2010;40(9):1333-1345.

446. Jin C, Hantusch B, Hemmer W, Stadlmann J, Altmann F. Affinity of IgE and IgG against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants on plant and insect glycoproteins. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2008;121(1):185-190.e182.

447. Homann A, Schramm G, Jappe U. Glycans and glycan-specific IgE in clinical and molecular allergology: Sensitization, diagnostics, and clinical symptoms. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(2):356-368.

448. Wilson IB, Altmann F. Structural analysis of N-glycans from alergenic grass, ragweed and tree pollens: core alpha1,3-linked fucose and xylose present in all pollens examined. *Glycoconj J.* 1998;15(11):1055-1070.

449. Koprivova AAF, Gorr K, et al. N-glycosylation in the moss Physcomitrella patens is organized similarly to that in higher plants. *Plant Biol.* 2003;5:582-591.

450. Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Comparisons of N-glycans across invertebrate phyla. *Parasitology*. 2019;146(14):1733-1742.

451. Van Ree RAM. Pollen-vegetable food crossreactivity: serological and clinical relevance of crossreactive IgE. *J Clin Immunoassay.* 1993;16:124-130.

452. Ollert M, Blank S. Anaphylaxis to insect venom allergens: role of molecular diagnostics. *Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.* 2015;15(5):26.

453. Linneberg A, Fenger RV, Husemoen LL, Vidal C, Vizcaino L, Gonzalez-Quintela A. Immunoglobulin E sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants: epidemiological study of clinical relevance and role of alcohol consumption. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2010;153(1):86-94.

454. Gattinger P, Mittermann I, Lupinek C, et al. Recombinant glycoproteins resembling carbohydrate-specific IgE epitopes from plants, venoms and mites. *EBioMedicine*. 2019;39:33-43.

455. Wollmann E, Hamsten C, Sibanda E, et al. Natural clinical tolerance to peanut in African patients is caused by poor allergenic activity of peanut IgE. *Allergy*. 2015;70(6):638-652.

456. Cabauatan CR, Lupinek C, Scheiblhofer S, et al. Allergen microarray detects high prevalence of asymptomatic IgE sensitizations to tropical pollen-derived carbohydrates. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;133(3):910-914.e915.

457. Matricardi PM. IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants: Origins, functions, and confounding role in nPhl p 4-IgE assays. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2020;145(6):1554-1555.

458. Hemmer W, Focke M, Kolarich D, Dalik I, Götz M, Jarisch R. Identification by immunoblot of venom glycoproteins displaying immunoglobulin E-binding N-glycans as cross-reactive allergens in honeybee and yellow jacket venom. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2004;34(3):460-469.

459. Jappe U, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Hoffmann M, Burow G, Hübsch-Müller C, Enk A. *In vitro* hymenoptera venom allergy diagnosis: improved by screening for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and reciprocal inhibition. *Allergy*. 2006;61(10):1220-1229.

460. Gattinger P, Bidovec-Stojkovic U, Zidarn M, Korosec P, Valenta R, Mittermann I. Glycosylation enhances allergenic activity of major bee venom allergen Api m 1 by adding IgE epitopes. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;147(4):1502-1504.e1505.

461. Nkurunungi G, van Diepen A, Nassuuna J, et al. Microarray assessment of N-glycan-specific IgE and IgG profiles associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in rural and urban Uganda. *Sci Rep.* 2019;9(1):3522.

462. Ebo DG, Lechkar B, Schuerwegh AJ, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Validation of a two-color flow cytometric assay detecting *in vitro* basophil activation for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated natural rubber latex allergy. *Allergy*. 2002;57(8):706-712.

463. Recke ALZD, Ernst M, et al. Hymenopterengift-allergie: diagnostisches vorgehen bei IgE-doppelpositivität gegen Gifte unterschiedlicher spezies. *Allergologie*. 2013;36:415-419.

464. Virtanen T. Inhalant mammal-derived lipocalin allergens and the innate immunity. *Front Allergy*. 2021;2:824736.
427. Poulsen LK, Søndergaard I, Weeke B. Improvement of specific immunotherapy by human IgG and modified allergens. *Allergy*. 1989;44(4):241-255.

428. Eichhorn S, Hörschläger A, Steiner M, et al. Rational Design, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Immunogenicity of Hypoallergenic Pru p 3 Variants. *Mol Nutr Food Res.* 2019;63(18):e1900336.

429. Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Huber H, Swoboda I, et al. Development of a hypoallergenic recombinant parvalbumin for first-in-man subcutaneous immunotherapy of fish allergy. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2015;166(1):41-51.

430. Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Linhart B, et al. A recombinant hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated fish allergy. *J Immunol.* 2007;178(10):6290-6296.

431. Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2012;129(5):1290-1296.

432. Zaleska A, Eiwegger T, Soyer O, et al. Immune regulation by intralymphatic immunotherapy with modular allergen translocation MAT vaccine. *Allergy*. 2014;69(9):1162-1170.

433. Orengo JM, Radin AR, Kamat V, et al. Treating cat allergy with monoclonal IgG antibodies that bind allergen and prevent IgE engagement. *Nat Commun.* 2018;9(1):1421.

434. Kurosaka A, Yano A, Itoh N, Kuroda Y, Nakagawa T, Kawasaki T. The structure of a neural specific carbohydrate epitope of horse-radish peroxidase recognized by anti-horseradish peroxidase anti-serum. *J Biol Chem.* 1991;266(7):4168-4172.

435. Tretter V, Altmann F, Kubelka V, März L, Becker WM. Fucose alpha 1,3-linked to the core region of glycoprotein N-glycans creates an important epitope for IgE from honeybee venom allergic individuals. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 1993;102(3):259-266.

436. Bencúrová M, Hemmer W, Focke-Tejkl M, Wilson IB, Altmann F. Specificity of IgG and IgE antibodies against plant and insect glycoprotein glycans determined with artificial glycoforms of human transferrin. *Glycobiology*. 2004;14(5):457-466.

437. Crispell G, Commins SP, Archer-Hartman SA, et al. Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy. *Front Immunol.* 2019;10:1056.

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466. Roth-Walter F, Afify SM, Pacios LF, et al. Cow's milk protein β-lactoglobulin confers resilience against allergy by targeting complexed iron into immune cells. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;147(1):321-334. e324.

467. Kofler S, Asam C, Eckhard U, Wallner M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H. Crystallographically mapped ligand binding differs in high and low IgE binding isoforms of birch pollen allergen bet v 1. *J Mol Biol.* 2012;422(1):109-123.

468. Afify SM, Pali-Schöll I, Hufnagl K, et al. Bovine Holo-Beta-Lactoglobulin Cross-Protects Against Pollen Allergies in an Innate Manner in BALB/c Mice: Potential Model for the Farm Effect. *Front Immunol.* 2021;12:611474.

469. Chruszcz M, Chew FT, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, et al. Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands-their dual role in sensitization. *Allergy.* 2021;76(8):2367-2382.

470. Offermann LR, Chan SL, Osinski T, et al. The major cockroach allergen Bla g 4 binds tyramine and octopamine. *Mol Immunol.* 2014;60(1):86-94.

471. Mueller GA, Benjamin DC, Rule GS. Tertiary structure of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2: sequential and structural homologies. *Biochemistry.* 1998;37(37):12707-12714.

472. Mueller GA, Pedersen LC, Lih FB, et al. The novel structure of the cockroach allergen Bla g 1 has implications for allergenicity and exposure assessment. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(6):1420-1426.

473. Foo ACY, Thompson PM, Perera L, et al. Hydrophobic ligands influence the structure, stability, and processing of the major cockroach allergen Bla g 1. *Sci Rep.* 2019;9(1):18294.

474. Satitsuksanoa P, Kennedy M, Gilis D, et al. The minor house dust mite allergen Der p 13 is a fatty acid-binding protein and an activator of a TLR2-mediated innate immune response. *Allergy.* 2016;71(10):1425-1434.

475. Spangfort MD, Mirza O, Ipsen H, Van Neerven RJ, Gajhede M, Larsen JN. Dominating IgE-binding epitope of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen, characterized by X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. *J Immunol.* 2003;171(6):3084-3090.

476. Soh WT, Aglas L, Mueller GA, et al. Multiple roles of Bet v 1 ligands in allergen stabilization and modulation of endosomal protease activity. *Allergy.* 2019;74(12):2382-2393.

477. Hilger C, van Hage M, Kuehn A. Diagnosis of Allergy to Mammals and Fish: Cross-Reactive vs. Specific Markers Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(9):64.

478. Zhu J, Guo M, Ban L, et al. Niemann-Pick C2 Proteins: A New Function for an Old Family. *Front Physiol.* 2018;9:52.

479. Jappe U, Schwager C, Schromm AB, et al. Lipophilic allergens, different modes of allergen-lipid interaction and their impact on asthma and allergy. *Front Immunol.* 2019;10:122.

480. Bublin M, Eiwegger T, Breiteneder H. Do lipids influence the allergic sensitization process? *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):521-529.

481. Salminen TA, Blomqvist K, Edqvist J. Lipid transfer proteins: classification, nomenclature, structure, and function. *Planta.* 2016;244(5):971-997.

482. Dubiela P, Aina R, Polak D, et al. Enhanced Pru p 3 IgE-binding activity by selective free fatty acid-interaction. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(6):1728-1731.e1710.

483. Gonzalez-Klein Z, Cuevas-Zuviria B, Wangorsch A, et al. The key to the allergenicity of lipid transfer protein (LTP) ligands: A structural characterization. *Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids.* 1866;2021(7):158928.

484. Cubells-Baeza N, Gómez-Casado C, Tordesillas L, et al. Identification of the ligand of Pru p 3, a peach LTP. *Plant Mol Biol.* 2017;94(1-2):33-44.

485. Tordesillas L, Cubells-Baeza N, Gómez-Casado C, et al. Mechanisms underlying induction of allergic sensitization by Pru p 3. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2017;47(11):1398-1408.

486. Del Moral MG, Martínez-Naves E. The Role of Lipids in Development of Allergic Responses. *Immune Netw.* 2017;17(3):133-143.

487. Scheurer S, Schülke S. Interaction of Non-Specific Lipid-Transfer Proteins With Plant-Derived Lipids and Its Impact on Allergic Sensitization. *Front Immunol.* 2018;9:1389.

488. Agea E, Russano A, Bistoni O, et al. Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens. *J Exp Med.* 2005;202(2):295-308.

489. Gunawan H, Takai T, Kamijo S, et al. Characterization of proteases, proteins, and eicosanoid-like substances in soluble extracts from allergenic pollen grains. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2008;147(4):276-288.

490. Oeder S, Alessandrini F, Wirz OF, et al. Pollen-derived nonallergenic substances enhance Th2-induced IgE production in B cells. *Allergy.* 2015;70(11):1450-1460.

491. Platts-Mills TA, Vervloet D, Thomas WR, Aalberse RC, Chapman MD. Indoor allergens and asthma: report of the Third International Workshop. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 1997;100(6 Pt 1):S2-S24.

492. Gold DR, Adamkiewicz G, Arshad SH, et al. NIAID, NIEHS, NHLBI, and MCAN Workshop Report: The indoor environment and childhood asthma-implications for home environmental intervention in asthma prevention and management. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(4):933-949.

493. Pfaar O, Bergmann KC, Bonini S, et al. Technical standards in allergen exposure chambers worldwide - an EAACI Task Force Report. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3589-3612.

494. Blom WM, Michelsen-Huisman AD, van Os-Medendorp H, et al. Accidental food allergy reactions: Products and undeclared ingredients. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(3):865-875.

495. Buters J, Prank M, Sofiev M, et al. Variation of the group 5 grass pollen allergen content of airborne pollen in relation to geographic location and time in season. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;136(1):87-95.

496. Mindaye ST, Sun C, Esfahani SAZ, et al. Diversity and complexity of mouse allergens in urine, house dust, and allergen extracts assessed with an immuno-allergomic approach. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3723-3732.

497. Pilolli R, Nitride C, Gillard N, et al. Critical review on proteotypic peptide marker tracing for six allergenic ingredients in incurred foods by mass spectrometry. *Food Res Int.* 2020;128:108747.

498. Sander I, Zahradnik E, Kraus G, et al. Domestic mite antigens in floor and airborne dust at workplaces in comparison to living areas: a new immunoassay to assess personal airborne allergen exposure. *PLoS One.* 2012;7(12):e52981.

499. Platts-Mills J, Custis N, Kenney A, et al. The effects of cage design on airborne allergens and endotoxin in animal rooms: high-volume measurements with an ion-charging device. *Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci.* 2005;44(2):12-16.

500. Mason HJ, Laura W. Airborne exposure to laboratory animal allergens. *AIMS Allergy Immunol.* 2017;1:78-88. doi:10.3934/Allergy.2017.2.78

501. Sander I, Lotz A, Neumann HD, Czibor C, Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Reliability and Correlation Between Indoor Allergen Concentrations from Vacuumed Surface Samples and Electrostatic Dust Collectors. *Ann Work Expo Health.* 2020;64(2):165-174.

502. Richardson M, Gottel N, Gilbert JA, et al. Concurrent measurement of microbiome and allergens in the air of bedrooms of allergy disease patients in the Chicago area. *Microbiome.* 2019;7(1):82.

503. Remington BC, Taylor SL, Marx DB, Petersen BJ, Baumert JL. Soy in wheat-contamination levels and food allergy risk assessment. *Food Chem Toxicol.* 2013;62:485-491.

504. Bedford B, Yu Y, Wang X, Garber EA, Jackson LS. A Limited Survey of Dark Chocolate Bars Obtained in the United States for Undeclared Milk and Peanut Allergens. *J Food Prot.* 2017;80(4):692-702.
465. Le Maux S, Bouhallab S, Giblin L, Brodkorb A, Crogueuennec T. Bovine β-lactoglobulin/fatty acid complexes: binding, structural, and biological properties. *Dairy Sci Technol.* 2014;94:409-426.

466. Roth-Walter F, Afify SM, Pacios LF, et al. Cow's milk protein β-lactoglobulin confers resilience against allergy by targeting complexed iron into immune cells. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2021;147(1):321-334. e324.

467. Kofler S, Asam C, Eckhard U, Wallner M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H. Crystallographically mapped ligand binding differs in high and low IgE binding isoforms of birch pollen allergen bet v 1. *J Mol Biol.* 2012;422(1):109-123.

468. Afify SM, Pali-Schöll I, Hufnagl K, et al. Bovine Holo-Beta-Lactoglobulin Cross-Protects Against Pollen Allergies in an Innate Manner in BALB/c Mice: Potential Model for the Farm Effect. *Front Immunol.* 2021;12:611474.

469. Chruszcz M, Chew FT, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, et al. Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands-their dual role in sensitization. *Allergy.* 2021;76(8):2367-2382.

470. Offermann LR, Chan SL, Osinski T, et al. The major cockroach allergen Bla g 4 binds tyramine and octopamine. *Mol Immunol.* 2014;60(1):86-94.

471. Mueller GA, Benjamin DC, Rule GS. Tertiary structure of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2: sequential and structural homologies. *Biochemistry.* 1998;37(37):12707-12714.

472. Mueller GA, Pedersen LC, Lih FB, et al. The novel structure of the cockroach allergen Bla g 1 has implications for allergenicity and exposure assessment. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2013;132(6):1420-1426.

473. Foo ACY, Thompson PM, Perera L, et al. Hydrophobic ligands influence the structure, stability, and processing of the major cockroach allergen Bla g 1. *Sci Rep.* 2019;9(1):18294.

474. Satitsuksanoa P, Kennedy M, Gilis D, et al. The minor house dust mite allergen Der p 13 is a fatty acid-binding protein and an activator of a TLR2-mediated innate immune response. *Allergy.* 2016;71(10):1425-1434.

475. Spangfort MD, Mirza O, Ipsen H, Van Neerven RJ, Gajhede M, Larsen JN. Dominating IgE-binding epitope of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen, characterized by X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. *J Immunol.* 2003;171(6):3084-3090.

476. Soh WT, Aglas L, Mueller GA, et al. Multiple roles of Bet v 1 ligands in allergen stabilization and modulation of endosomal protease activity. *Allergy.* 2019;74(12):2382-2393.

477. Hilger C, van Hage M, Kuehn A. Diagnosis of Allergy to Mammals and Fish: Cross-Reactive vs. Specific Markers Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(9):64.

478. Zhu J, Guo M, Ban L, et al. Niemann-Pick C2 Proteins: A New Function for an Old Family. *Front Physiol.* 2018;9:52.

479. Jappe U, Schwager C, Schromm AB, et al. Lipophilic allergens, different modes of allergen-lipid interaction and their impact on asthma and allergy. *Front Immunol.* 2019;10:122.

480. Bublin M, Eiwegger T, Breiteneder H. Do lipids influence the allergic sensitization process? *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2014;134(3):521-529.

481. Salminen TA, Blomqvist K, Edqvist J. Lipid transfer proteins: classification, nomenclature, structure, and function. *Planta.* 2016;244(5):971-997.

482. Dubiela P, Aina R, Polak D, et al. Enhanced Pru p 3 IgE-binding activity by selective free fatty acid-interaction. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(6):1728-1731.e1710.

483. Gonzalez-Klein Z, Cuevas-Zuviria B, Wangorsch A, et al. The key to the allergenicity of lipid transfer protein (LTP) ligands: A structural characterization. *Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids.* 1866;2021(7):158928.

484. Cubells-Baeza N, Gómez-Casado C, Tordesillas L, et al. Identification of the ligand of Pru p 3, a peach LTP. *Plant Mol Biol.* 2017;94(1-2):33-44.

485. Tordesillas L, Cubells-Baeza N, Gómez-Casado C, et al. Mechanisms underlying induction of allergic sensitization by Pru p 3. *Clin Exp Allergy.* 2017;47(11):1398-1408.

486. Del Moral MG, Martínez-Naves E. The Role of Lipids in Development of Allergic Responses. *Immune Netw.* 2017;17(3):133-143.

487. Scheurer S, Schülke S. Interaction of Non-Specific Lipid-Transfer Proteins With Plant-Derived Lipids and Its Impact on Allergic Sensitization. *Front Immunol.* 2018;9:1389.

488. Agea E, Russano A, Bistoni O, et al. Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens. *J Exp Med.* 2005;202(2):295-308.

489. Gunawan H, Takai T, Kamijo S, et al. Characterization of proteases, proteins, and eicosanoid-like substances in soluble extracts from allergenic pollen grains. *Int Arch Allergy Immunol.* 2008;147(4):276-288.

490. Oeder S, Alessandrini F, Wirz OF, et al. Pollen-derived nonallergenic substances enhance Th2-induced IgE production in B cells. *Allergy.* 2015;70(11):1450-1460.

491. Platts-Mills TA, Vervloet D, Thomas WR, Aalberse RC, Chapman MD. Indoor allergens and asthma: a report of the Third International Workshop. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 1997;100(6 Pt 1):S2-S24.

492. Gold DR, Adamkiewicz G, Arshad SH, et al. NIAID, NIEHS, NHLBI, and MCAN Workshop Report: The indoor environment and childhood asthma-implications for home environmental intervention in asthma prevention and management. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2017;140(4):933-949.

493. Pfaar O, Bergmann KC, Bonini S, et al. Technical standards in allergen exposure chambers worldwide - an EAACI Task Force Report. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3589-3612.

494. Blom WM, Michelsen-Huisman AD, van Os-Medendorp H, et al. Accidental food allergy reactions: Products and undeclared ingredients. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2018;142(3):865-875.

495. Buters J, Prank M, Sofiev M, et al. Variation of the group 5 grass pollen allergen content of airborne pollen in relation to geographic location and time in season. *J Allergy Clin Immunol.* 2015;136(1):87-95.

496. Mindaye ST, Sun C, Esfahani SAZ, et al. Diversity and complexity of mouse allergens in urine, house dust, and allergen extracts assessed with an immuno-allergomic approach. *Allergy.* 2021;76(12):3723-3732.

497. Pilolli R, Nitride C, Gillard N, et al. Critical review on proteotypic peptide marker tracing for six allergenic ingredients in incurred foods by mass spectrometry. *Food Res Int.* 2020;128:108747.

498. Sander I, Zahradnik E, Kraus G, et al. Domestic mite antigens in floor and airborne dust at workplaces in comparison to living areas: a new immunoassay to assess personal airborne allergen exposure. *PLoS One.* 2012;7(12):e52981.

499. Platts-Mills J, Custis N, Kenney A, et al. The effects of cage design on airborne allergens and endotoxin in animal rooms: high-volume measurements with an ion-charging device. *Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci.* 2005;44(2):12-16.

500. Mason HJ, Laura W. Airborne exposure to laboratory animal allergens. *AIMS Allergy Immunol.* 2017;1:78-88. doi:10.3934/Allergy.2017.2.78

501. Sander I, Lotz A, Neumann HD, Czibor C, Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Reliability and Correlation Between Indoor Allergen Concentrations from Vacuumed Surface Samples and Electrostatic Dust Collectors. *Ann Work Expo Health.* 2020;64(2):165-174.

502. Richardson M, Gottel N, Gilbert JA, et al. Concurrent measurement of microbiome and allergens in the air of bedrooms of allergy disease patients in the Chicago area. *Microbiome.* 2019;7(1):82.

503. Remington BC, Taylor SL, Marx DB, Petersen BJ, Baumert JL. Soy in wheat-contamination levels and food allergy risk assessment. *Food Chem Toxicol.* 2013;62:485-491.

504. Bedford B, Yu Y, Wang X, Garber EA, Jackson LS. A Limited Survey of Dark Chocolate Bars Obtained in the United States for Undeclared Milk and Peanut Allergens. *J Food Prot.* 2017;80(4):692-702.
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