# Editorial: Environmental attitudes in context: conceptualisations, measurements and related factors of environmental attitudes

Inga Wittenberg, Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi, Oscar Navarro

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Inga Wittenberg, Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi, Oscar Navarro. Editorial: Environmental attitudes in context: conceptualisations, measurements and related factors of environmental attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14, 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219471. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219471](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219471). [CC-BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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OPEN ACCESS

EDITED AND REVIEWED BY
Myriam Ertz,
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada

*CORRESPONDENCE
Inga Wittenberg

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inga.wittenberg@uni-vechta.de

RECEIVED 09 May 2023

ACCEPTED 26 June 2023

PUBLISHED 20 July 2023

CITATION

Wittenberg I, Fleury-Bahi G and Navarro O (2023) Editorial: Environmental attitudes in context: conceptualisations, measurements and related factors of environmental attitudes.

Front. Psychol. 14:1219471.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219471

COPYRIGHT

© 2023 Wittenberg, Fleury-Bahi and Navarro. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

# Editorial: Environmental attitudes in context: conceptualisations, measurements and related factors of environmental attitudes

Inga Wittenberg¹*, Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi² and Oscar Navarro³

¹Center of Sustainability Transformation in Areas of Intensive Agriculture, University of Vechta, Vechta, Lower Saxony, Germany, ²Department of Psychology, Nantes Université, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France, ³University of Nimes, Nimes, France

KEYWORDS

environmental attitudes, environmental behavior, measurements, context, factors

## Editorial on the Research Topic

### Environmental attitudes in context: conceptualisations, measurements and related factors of environmental attitudes

Climate change remains an important issue nowadays, and the anthropocentric dimension of climate change, that is, the role of human activities, is widely recognized. In this context, pro-environmental behavior and environmental attitudes have been investigated in a large number of studies (e.g., Fujii, 2006; Berenguer, 2007; Patri et al., 2015). Many of these studies aim to understand how to encourage the adoption of environmentally friendly behavior and to analyze the explanatory power of the attitudes developed toward the environment on these behaviors.

Among these studies, different measures and conceptualizations of pro-environmental behavior and environmental attitudes can be found. This implies that numerous attitude scales have been developed to measure such environmental attitudes, which differ in several respects. For example, some measure attitudes toward particular environmental objects such as water consumption (Lam, 1999; Russell and Knoeri, 2019), use of public transport (Heath and Gifford, 2006), or waste separation (Tucker and Speirs, 2010). Other tools aim to measure broader psychological constructs by using an aggregated psychological construct to capture the attitude developed toward a set of environmental behaviors or the general attitude toward the environment.

Social psychology has long been concerned with the link between behavior and attitude. Research results have not shown a clear link between these two dimensions but rather an attitude-behavior gap. The same issue arises when we target pro-environmental behavior more precisely (Claudy et al., 2013; Wyss et al., 2022). It is therefore important to examine this question by considering the different conceptual and methodological approaches in order to identify the reasons for this gap and to figure out which factors need to be considered in order to adopt a more comprehensive approach.

This Research Topic looks specifically at this issue by focusing on different approaches, highlighting the conceptual and methodological diversity related to environmental attitudes.

In line with the aim of this Research Topic, the contributions reflect on different perspectives—theoretical and methodological—and bring together different approaches in the study of environmental attitudes and/or their interplay with different factors in the context of pro-environmental behaviors.
Concerning the theoretical approaches, Urban and Kaiser studied environmental attitudes from the Campbell paradigm perspective, Bazrafkan et al. applied the protection motivation theory, and Zaikauskaitė et al. used Hunt–Vitell’s moral philosophy-based framework of ethical decision-making to investigate the environmental attitude–behavior gap. Fointiat and Pelt chose the psychosocial engineering model and studied a large number of possible determinants, including the variables of the theory of planned behavior, place identity, sense of community, and a temporal dimension. Jiang et al. studied environmental attitudes and their three components (affective, cognitive, and behavioral), and Bogner and Suarez’s study combined environmental attitudes with values and connectedness to nature. The importance of social factors for environmental attitudes and behaviors was studied and highlighted in several articles (Fointiat and Pelt; Jiang et al.; Sun et al.).

There is also a diversity in the methodological approaches chosen to investigate environmental attitudes. More precisely, in three articles (Bogner and Suarez; Sierra Barón and Meneses Baez; Urban and Kaiser), the Rasch model has been applied.

Moreover, some contributions to this topic deal with environmental attitudes in general (Bogner and Suarez; Urban and Kaiser, Zaikauskaitė et al.), while others consider them in specific behavioral domains, such as the workplace (Sierra Barón and Meneses Baez), nature preservation (Bogner and Suarez; Bazrafkan et al.), animals’ welfare (Jiang et al.), or recycling (Fointiat and Pelt). Interestingly, three contributions deal with pro-environmental behaviors at the farm level, thus considering these behaviors and related attitudes in the context of agriculture. While Bazrafkan et al. applied the protection motivation theory to the use of conservation agriculture by farmers, Sun et al. studied farmers’ willingness to participate in this type of agriculture and also their domestic waste classification behavior, thus showing the importance of social factors such as exemplary behavior of relatives and neighbors. Furthermore, in the context of agriculture but from the perspective of public attitudes, Jiang et al. investigated attitudes toward farm animal welfare by assessing the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. These studies highlight the rising importance of sustainable food production and consumption as part of environmental attitudes and behaviors for both farmers and general society.

These contributions deal with very different cultural contexts, covering China (Sun et al.; Jiang et al.), Iran (Bazrafkan et al.), Cuba (Bogner and Suarez), Colombia (Sierra Barón and Meneses Baez), the United States (Zaikauskaitė et al.), Martinique in the French Antilles (Fointiat and Pelt), and a comparison between the 28 EU countries (Urban and Kaiser).

Urban and Kaiser found evidence that the Campbell paradigm represents a sound psychological measurement theory for cross-cultural comparisons. Applying the same scale for the measurement of environmental attitudes among adolescents in Cuba, a low-food-print country, Bogner and Suarez’s results also showed good validity of the scale in this context. Sierra Barón and Meneses Baez included work as a context of pro-environmental behavior.

Taken together, the contributions to this Research Topic give insights into attitude–behavior research from different perspectives, illustrating the diversity of factors to take into account and the importance of contextual aspects.

## Author contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.

## Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

## Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

## References

Berenguer, J. (2007). The effect of empathy in pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. *Environ. Behav.* 39, 269–283. doi: 10.1177/0013916506292937

Claudy, M. C., Peterson, M., and O'Driscoll, A. (2013). Understanding the attitude-behavior gap for renewable energy systems using behavioral reasoning theory. *J. Macromark.* 33, 273. doi: 10.1177/0276146713481605

Fujii, S. (2006). Environmental concern, attitude toward frugality, and ease of behavior zas determinantes of pro-environmental behavior intentions. *J. Environ. Psychol.* 26, 262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.003

Heath, Y., and Gifford, R. (2006). Extending the theory of planned behavior: predicting the use of public transportation. *J. Appl. Soc. Psychol.* 32, 2154–2189. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02068.x

Lam, S. P. (1999). Predicting intentions to conserve water from the theory of planned behavior, perceived moral obligation, and perceived water right. *J. Appl. Soc. Psychol.* 29, 1058–1071. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00140.x

Patri, G., Albanesi, C., and Pietrantoni, L. (2015). The interplay among environmental attitudes, pro-environmental behavior, social identity, and pro-environmental institutional climate. A longitudinal study. *Environ. Educ. Res.* 23, 176–191. doi: 10.1080/13504622.2015.1118752

Russell, S. V., and Knoeri, C. (2019). Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural determinants of household water conservation and intention. *Int. J. Water Resour. Dev.* 36, 940–955. doi: 10.1080/07900627.2019.1638230

Tucker, P., and Speirs, D. (2010). Attitudes and behavioural change in household waste management behaviours. *J. Environ. Plann. Manag.* 46, 289–307. doi: 10.1080/0964056032000070927

Wyss, A. M., Knoch, D., and Berger, S. (2022). When and how pro-environmental attitudes turn into behavior: the role of costs, benefits, and self control. *J. Environ. Psychol.* 79, 101748. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101748