# Candidate Main-belt Asteroids for Surface Heterogeneity

Sunao Hasegawa, Michaël Marsset, Francesca Demeo, Josef Hanuš, Richard Binzel, Schelte Bus, Brian Burt, David Polishook, Cristina Thomas, Jooyeon Geem, et al.

► To cite this version:

Sunao Hasegawa, Michaël Marsset, Francesca Demeo, Josef Hanuš, Richard Binzel, et al. Candidate Main-belt Asteroids for Surface Heterogeneity. The Astronomical Journal, 2024, 167 (5), pp.224. 10.3847/1538-3881/ad3045. hal-04746250

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# Candidate Main-belt Asteroids for Surface Heterogeneity

Sunao Hasegawa¹ ID, Michaël Marsset²,³ ID, Francesca E. DeMeo³ ID, Josef Hanuš⁴ ID, Richard P. Binzel³ ID, Schelte J. Bus⁵ ID, Brian Burt³,⁶ ID, David Polishook⁷ ID, Cristina A. Thomas⁸ ID, Jooyeon Geem⁹,¹⁰ ID, Masateru Ishiguro⁹,¹⁰ ID, Daisuke Kuroda¹¹ ID, and Pierre Vernazza¹² ID

¹ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; hasehase@isas.jaxa.jp

² European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, 1900 Casilla Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

³ Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

⁴ Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Astronomy, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000, Prague 8, Czech Republic

⁵ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2860 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA

⁶ Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

⁷ Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel

⁸ Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, NAU Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA

⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

¹⁰ SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

¹¹ Japan Spaceguard Association, Bisei Spaceguard Center 1716-3 Okura, Bisei, Ibara, Okayama 714-1411, Japan

¹² Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France

Received 2023 December 5; revised 2024 February 23; accepted 2024 March 3; published 2024 April 17

## Abstract

Large terrestrial bodies in our solar system like the Earth, Mars, Mercury, and the Moon exhibit geologically complex surfaces with compositional heterogeneity. From past studies using large telescopes and spacecraft, it was shown that asteroids with diameters larger than 100 km also show surface heterogeneity at hemispheric scales, while on smaller objects, such features remain to be detected. Here, we investigate candidates for surface heterogeneity in a sample of 130 main-belt asteroids using multiepoch spectroscopic data from the MIT-Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey, which has been observing asteroids for about 20 yr using a self-consistent observation technique. Twelve conservative candidates with spectra more than 3σ apart from each other at 2.4 µm and 52 optimistic candidates for surface heterogeneity are detected. These candidates include eight objects already reported as being heterogeneous. Our study suggests that the size boundary between small homogeneous asteroids and larger heterogeneous objects, if it exists, is lower than 100 km. A-type asteroids have a higher proportion of heterogeneous candidates than other asteroids. This may be because olivine, which is the main surface constituent of these objects, reacts more efficiently to space weathering with respect to pyroxene, such that a similar range of surface ages will translate into a wider range of optical-to-near-infrared spectral slopes in the case of A-type bodies.

*Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Small Solar System bodies (1469); Asteroids (72); Main belt asteroids (2036); Asteroid surfaces (2209)*

## 1. Introduction

Seen from space, the Earth exhibits a rich variety of albedos and colors attributed to clouds, oceans, and land. Even when focusing only on the land, there are abundant variations, which can be roughly divided into green areas caused by vegetation; brown, vegetation-free areas; and white regions covered by snow and ice. Albedo and color variations further span across vegetation-free lands due to topography, such as mountain ranges and deserts, and different types of rock, such as sedimentary, igneous (rocks formed during terrestrial differentiation processes), and metamorphic.

It is a well-known fact that the surface of Mars, a terrestrial planet with an atmosphere, also has albedo and color variations caused by a variety of mineral types (e.g., Adams & McCord 1969; Bandfield 2002). Similarly, the Moon, the natural satellite of the Earth, has long been known to exhibit surface albedo and color variations, from lunar highlands to maria. This variability has been attributed due to various types of minerals

(e.g., Smith 1974; Smith & Steele 1976). Mercury, a terrestrial planet without an atmosphere, is also known for albedo and color variations (Denevi et al. 2009). On all these terrestrial bodies, albedo and color variations are attributed to planetary differentiation, which led to the formation of a variety of minerals.

Since asteroids are generally observed as point sources, albedo and color variations on the surface of these objects have mostly been achieved through multiepoch observations, in order to investigate color and polarization changes as these objects rotate and as their latitudinal orientation seen from the Earth changes over time (e.g., Groeneveld & Kuiper 1954; Degewij et al. 1979; McCheyne et al. 1985; Broglia & Manara 1994). Compared to spatially resolved observations, detecting surface heterogeneities on point-source objects is challenging, unless large variations in the integrated light curve of the rotating object can be measured. Such large variations can be due to global heterogeneities on the object's surface (e.g., bright front side and dark back side) or high-albedo spots on darker surfaces.

As mentioned before, the surface evolution caused by the differentiation of planets and natural satellites larger than 1500 km in size is well understood, but what about small bodies under 1500 km in size? Identifying and characterizing compositionally heterogeneous small bodies can teach us about the early

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
accretion history and subsequent thermal evolution of these bodies. In particular, the level of differentiation in these bodies is directly dependent on their formation time in the early solar system. Indeed, this formation time defined the abundance of short-lived radionuclides that was originally accreted by these bodies, which constituted their main source of internal heat.

In recent years, the technological improvement of space telescopes and large ground-based telescopes, as well as the in situ exploration of asteroids with spacecraft, have enabled disk-resolved observations of asteroids, allowing one to investigate their surface heterogeneity (e.g., Fujiwara et al. 2006; Russell et al. 2015; Vernazza et al. 2021). Main-belt asteroids (MBAs) with diameters greater than 100 km for which spatially disk-resolved observations have been conducted show albedo and color variations at hemispheric scales (1 Ceres: Ciarniello et al. 2017, de Sanctis et al. 2018; 2 Pallas: Schmidt et al. 2009, Marsset et al. 2020; 3 Juno: Baliunas et al. 2003; 4 Vesta: Binzel et al. 1997, De Sanctis et al. 2013; 10 Hygiea: Vernazza et al. 2020; 16 Psyche: Ferrais et al. 2020, Cambioni et al. 2022; 21 Lutetia: Sierks et al. 2011). Some of these objects are known to be at least partially differentiated thanks to spectroscopic observations, gravity measurements, and shape measurements (1 Ceres: Castillo-Rogez et al. 2018, Nathues et al. 2020; 2 Pallas: Schmidt et al. 2009, Marsset et al. 2020; 4 Vesta: Russell et al. 2012; 16 Psyche: Cambioni et al. 2022; 21 Lutetia: Weiss et al. 2012).

On the other hand, spacecraft rendezvous observations of four near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) with diameters significantly below 100 km have revealed surface homogeneity at hemispheric scales (433 Eros: Izenberg et al. 2003; 25143 Itokawa: Saito et al. 2006; 101955 Bennu: Barucci et al. 2020; 162173 Ryugu: Tatsumi et al. 2020). Moreover, flyby observations of four MBAs with diameters smaller than 100 km revealed surface homogeneity across the region of their surface observed by the spacecraft (243 Ida: Belton et al. 1996; 253 Mathilde: Veverka et al. 1999; 951 Gaspra: Veverka et al. 1994; 2867 Steins: Leyrat et al. 2010).

Taken together, these past observations indicate that asteroids larger than 100 km in size tend to be compositionally heterogeneous, while smaller bodies are homogeneous at the hemispheric scale. However, this may simply be due to the current low number of available observations. As of 2024, observations of spatially resolved MBAs are limited to those larger than about 100 km in diameter, which were mostly observed with the SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument on the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope (e.g., Vernazza et al. 2021). Therefore, it is difficult to investigate whether there is a clear size boundary between homogeneous and heterogeneous asteroidal surfaces as of today and if this limit is composition-dependent. Meanwhile, various theoretical studies have been conducted in the past on the thermal evolution of differentiated bodies that produce heterogeneity in the surface layer of these objects (e.g., McSween et al. 2002). However, it is difficult to determine the size boundary between differentiated and nondifferentiated bodies because it depends on various parameters, such as formation time and initial composition.

In the future, 30–40 m class telescopes, such as the 39.3 m Extremely Large Telescope<fnref n="13" /> (ELT), the 30.0 m Thirty Meter Telescope<fnref n="14" /> (TMT), and the 25.4 m Giant Magellan Telescope<fnref n="15" /> (GMT), will provide the spatial resolution needed to

resolve asteroids as small as ~20 km, thereby enabling characterizing their surfaces and measuring the minimum diameter at which surface heterogeneity can be found. However, observation time on these telescopes will be highly competitive. It is necessary to identify candidates for surface heterogeneity beforehand so as not to conduct a blind search.

The MIT-Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey (MITHNEOS) provides an interesting data set to investigate asteroid surface heterogeneity. This survey has been conducted since 2000 September to study NEAs using the Spex spectrograph (Rayner et al. 2003) on board the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) at the summit of Maunakea, Hawaii (DeMeo & Binzel 2008; DeMeo et al. 2014, 2023; Binzel et al. 2019; Marsset et al. 2022). The survey also includes observations of MBAs, and several studies have been conducted using these data (DeMeo et al. 2009, 2019, 2022; Moskovitz et al. 2010; Vernazza et al. 2012, 2014, 2016, 2020; Polishook et al. 2014; Carry et al. 2015; Marsset et al. 2016, 2019; Leith et al. 2017; Pajuelo et al. 2018; Hasegawa et al. 2021b, 2022a, 2022b; Sergeyev et al. 2023; Marsset et al. 2024). The survey data are available online and widely used by non-team members (e.g., Hasegawa et al. 2017, 2021a; Kuroda et al. 2021).

A special feature of MITHNEOS is that the observing methodology has remained essentially unchanged over the past 20 yr. It uses the optimal slit width, slit alignment settings for successful spectral acquisition, optimal air-mass range to acquire the target and solar analogs, and 11 fixed solar analogs. Marsset et al. (2020b) showed that an observational uncertainty of the MITHNEOS for the past 20 yr is 4.2% µm⁻¹ on slope measurements over 0.8–2.4 µm. That is, if the observation is performed using the same method as MITHNEOS, the spectral slope accuracy of the spectrum obtained is expected to be similar to that of that survey.

As mentioned above, when observing an asteroid as a point source, the longitudinal heterogeneity of the asteroid surface can be detected by measuring the spectral change associated with the object's rotation. However, the heterogeneity may be difficult to detect depending on the orientation of the rotation vector of the asteroid being observed (if the rotation axis of the asteroid is pole-on during the observation, it is impossible to detect any color variation) and the length of the rotation period (if the exposure time is comparable to the period, it is difficult to detect a color change). If the asteroid surface is heterogeneous in the latitudinal direction, it is difficult to detect it with a one-night observation, as the latitude of the subobserver point remains virtually unchanged. Repeating observations at different asteroid seasons allows detection of surface heterogeneity in the latitudinal direction. A serious problem, however, arises from the accuracy of the spectra due to cross-day observations. Nevertheless, if the observations are made using the same method as the MITHNEOS, the accuracy of the measured spectrum should be similar to that reported by Marsset et al. (2020b), assuming proper centering of the asteroid and standard stars within the spectroscopic slit.

On the other hand, MITHNEOS aims at characterizing as “many” objects as feasible during a given night. Conditions change during every night, and the solar standard stars utilized for any given asteroid reduction may or may not be particularly well matched in time, air mass, seeing, and transparency. These can lead to “minor” fluctuations in the output spectrum, rarely enough for taxonomic misclassification but undoubtedly

<footnote n="13">¹³ https://elt.eso.org/</footnote>

<footnote n="14">¹⁴ https://www.tmt.org/</footnote>

<footnote n="15">¹⁵ https://giantmagellan.org/</footnote>
<table><caption>Table 1
Sub-Earth Point Coordinates of Asteroids during Near-IR Observations Based on the DAMIT Database</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start Time</th><th rowspan="2">End Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup> (hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T12:15:16</td><td>12:22:40</td><td>6.5</td><td>9.07417</td><td>350</td><td>81</td><td>223</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>sp41<sup>c</sup></td><td>2005-05-19T07:35:18</td><td>12:07:19</td><td>5.6</td><td>9.07417</td><td>350</td><td>81</td><td>261, 159, 85<sup>c</sup></td><td>-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>dm04</td><td>2011-12-01T05:45:59</td><td>05:50:45</td><td>19.3</td><td>9.07417</td><td>350</td><td>81</td><td>353</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T15:27:52</td><td>15:37:12</td><td>19.0</td><td>7.81322</td><td>42</td><td>-15</td><td>331</td><td>52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T14:24:02</td><td>14:28:00</td><td>19.1</td><td>7.81322</td><td>42</td><td>-15</td><td>48</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>sp13</td><td>2002-05-08T05:59:03</td><td>06:25:07</td><td>22.3</td><td>7.20953</td><td>105</td><td>21</td><td>79</td><td>-49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T14:12:47</td><td>14:23:50</td><td>14.3</td><td>7.20953</td><td>105</td><td>21</td><td>108</td><td>27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T14:18:45</td><td>14:22:37</td><td>21.2</td><td>7.20953</td><td>105</td><td>21</td><td>32</td><td>-14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-09T05:15:41</td><td>05:36:50</td><td>25.9</td><td>5.34212</td><td>337</td><td>56</td><td>112</td><td>-20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>sp86</td><td>2009-11-18T15:48:34</td><td>15:54:40</td><td>23.5</td><td>5.34212</td><td>337</td><td>56</td><td>40</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>sp67</td><td>2008-01-15T12:04:26</td><td>12:09:15</td><td>10.7</td><td>7.27447</td><td>342</td><td>51</td><td>22</td><td>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>sp68</td><td>2008-03-10T06:33:43</td><td>06:44:17</td><td>13.8</td><td>7.27447</td><td>342</td><td>51</td><td>117</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T10:47:54</td><td>10:57:07</td><td>7.3</td><td>7.13884</td><td>20</td><td>9</td><td>207</td><td>-47</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-20T13:23:07</td><td>13:43:02</td><td>9.8</td><td>7.13884</td><td>20</td><td>9</td><td>345</td><td>67</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T10:34:37</td><td>10:49:42</td><td>3.2</td><td>13.82559</td><td>307</td><td>-29</td><td>63</td><td>-44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T05:24:27</td><td>05:56:47</td><td>13.2</td><td>13.82559</td><td>307</td><td>-29</td><td>131</td><td>51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T10:00:32</td><td>10:02:14</td><td>2.8</td><td>13.82559</td><td>307</td><td>-29</td><td>155</td><td>-51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T10:05:55</td><td>10:28:45</td><td>6.0</td><td>15.02987</td><td>91</td><td>-15</td><td>15</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-10-01T15:21:48</td><td>15:29:24</td><td>20.9</td><td>15.02987</td><td>91</td><td>-15</td><td>331</td><td>-78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T11:44:10</td><td>11:53:23</td><td>14.8</td><td>6.08275</td><td>356</td><td>-70</td><td>6</td><td>-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T09:21:54</td><td>09:25:26</td><td>4.8</td><td>6.08275</td><td>356</td><td>-70</td><td>4</td><td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-09T13:59:50</td><td>14:12:01</td><td>20.3</td><td>4.19595</td><td>36</td><td>-10</td><td>145</td><td>-45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>sp58</td><td>2007-01-21T14:05:51</td><td>14:26:30</td><td>13.2</td><td>4.19595</td><td>36</td><td>-10</td><td>140</td><td>42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T14:35:41</td><td>14:56:09</td><td>22.6</td><td>12.26603</td><td>236</td><td>19</td><td>93</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T13:56:13</td><td>14:14:19</td><td>17.7</td><td>12.26603</td><td>236</td><td>19</td><td>191</td><td>-13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T07:19:53</td><td>07:42:05</td><td>20.1</td><td>11.57031</td><td>12</td><td>19</td><td>149</td><td>56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T15:22:00</td><td>15:31:50</td><td>20.8</td><td>11.57031</td><td>12</td><td>19</td><td>168</td><td>67</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-22T08:32:01</td><td>08:34:14</td><td>10.3</td><td>7.44322</td><td>103</td><td>60</td><td>287</td><td>-12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-29T05:59:32</td><td>06:17:37</td><td>27.6</td><td>7.44322</td><td>103</td><td>60</td><td>321</td><td>-14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T13:13:00</td><td>13:37:26</td><td>14.0</td><td>8.09902</td><td>179</td><td>39</td><td>70</td><td>31</td><td>360</td><td>40</td><td>248</td><td>-32</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T14:24:47</td><td>14:28:40</td><td>25.7</td><td>8.09902</td><td>179</td><td>39</td><td>198</td><td>-50</td><td>360</td><td>40</td><td>16</td><td>51</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T13:35:39</td><td>13:47:26</td><td>20.0</td><td>8.16827</td><td>52</td><td>-6</td><td>68</td><td>-85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>sp61</td><td>2007-07-20T05:32:41</td><td>06:13:08</td><td>22.0</td><td>8.16827</td><td>52</td><td>-6</td><td>9</td><td>78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T11:30:50</td><td>11:37:54</td><td>1.6</td><td>8.16827</td><td>52</td><td>-6</td><td>292</td><td>-75</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start Time</th><th rowspan="2">End Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup> (hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T11:06:31</td><td>11:07:36</td><td>11.5</td><td>12.31241</td><td>158</td><td>-46</td><td>61</td><td>-23</td><td>343</td><td>-74</td><td>248</td><td>27</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T13:17:21</td><td>13:20:45</td><td>10.0</td><td>12.31241</td><td>158</td><td>-46</td><td>70</td><td>-22</td><td>343</td><td>-74</td><td>257</td><td>27</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-30T11:22:43</td><td>11:37:45</td><td>10.8</td><td>9.9354</td><td>347</td><td>10</td><td>32</td><td>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T13:53:19</td><td>13:58:19</td><td>26.3</td><td>9.9354</td><td>347</td><td>10</td><td>251</td><td>-22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-13T15:20:04</td><td>15:27:34</td><td>14.0</td><td>9.9354</td><td>347</td><td>10</td><td>114</td><td>-22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T07:59:21</td><td>08:28:00</td><td>4.4</td><td>13.10977</td><td>88</td><td>-52</td><td>243</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:53:32</td><td>15:02:48</td><td>21.5</td><td>13.10977</td><td>88</td><td>-52</td><td>43</td><td>-7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-06-01T05:57:29</td><td>06:25:05</td><td>25.1</td><td>10.40828</td><td>258</td><td>-42</td><td>309</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T13:51:18</td><td>13:53:50</td><td>21.8</td><td>10.40828</td><td>258</td><td>-42</td><td>116</td><td>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-13T14:33:57</td><td>14:49:17</td><td>17.4</td><td>15.70785</td><td>98</td><td>-10</td><td>123</td><td>-28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T15:27:06</td><td>15:34:05</td><td>21.3</td><td>15.70785</td><td>98</td><td>-10</td><td>166</td><td>-88</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T15:29:22</td><td>15:41:57</td><td>21.0</td><td>5.39012</td><td>323</td><td>-29</td><td>188</td><td>24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:11:53</td><td>10:17:37</td><td>5.3</td><td>5.39012</td><td>323</td><td>-29</td><td>188</td><td>-45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>sp02<sup>d</sup></td><td>2000-10-08T08:10:00</td><td>15:00:00</td><td>10.9</td><td>13.68717</td><td>106</td><td>19</td><td>84-265<sup>d</sup></td><td>-22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T06:44:03</td><td>06:51:19</td><td>15.7</td><td>13.68717</td><td>106</td><td>19</td><td>190</td><td>48</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T05:37:57</td><td>05:47:48</td><td>16.9</td><td>5.52959</td><td>92</td><td>68</td><td>241</td><td>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-20T12:26:57</td><td>12:32:14</td><td>6.6</td><td>5.52959</td><td>92</td><td>68</td><td>178</td><td>-19</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>sp3</td><td>2001-01-30T05:50:06</td><td>06:14:44</td><td>19.5</td><td>9.44767</td><td>267</td><td>58</td><td>85</td><td>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T07:00:58</td><td>07:21:01</td><td>11.8</td><td>9.44767</td><td>267</td><td>58</td><td>204</td><td>23</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T11:40:05</td><td>12:07:52</td><td>5.0</td><td>18.6092</td><td>187</td><td>-53</td><td>148</td><td>-26</td><td>9</td><td>-52</td><td>332</td><td>28</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T15:14:30</td><td>15:24:03</td><td>17.9</td><td>18.6092</td><td>187</td><td>-53</td><td>53</td><td>-4</td><td>9</td><td>-52</td><td>237</td><td>6</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T06:15:15</td><td>06:18:08</td><td>14.9</td><td>9.92692</td><td>190</td><td>-55</td><td>230</td><td>52</td><td>45</td><td>-49</td><td>87</td><td>-18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T05:04:37</td><td>05:41:45</td><td>29.7</td><td>9.92692</td><td>190</td><td>-55</td><td>239</td><td>48</td><td>45</td><td>-49</td><td>125</td><td>-23</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T13:26:51</td><td>13:49:12</td><td>15.8</td><td>7.33253</td><td>270</td><td>19</td><td>118</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T14:01:57</td><td>14:05:41</td><td>26.6</td><td>7.33253</td><td>270</td><td>19</td><td>100</td><td>58</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-13T15:30:44</td><td>15:38:14</td><td>20.8</td><td>7.33253</td><td>270</td><td>19</td><td>161</td><td>61</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T10:23:38</td><td>10:39:09</td><td>4.6</td><td>12.83612</td><td>161</td><td>-15</td><td>142</td><td>44</td><td>345</td><td>-4</td><td>335</td><td>-42</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>sp100</td><td>2011-06-07T05:52:03</td><td>06:03:49</td><td>16.3</td><td>12.83612</td><td>161</td><td>-15</td><td>295</td><td>-47</td><td>345</td><td>-4</td><td>131</td><td>49</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T14:48:16</td><td>15:06:03</td><td>21.8</td><td>5.13824</td><td>323</td><td>33</td><td>42</td><td>-19</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:42:02</td><td>14:50:38</td><td>22.2</td><td>5.13824</td><td>323</td><td>33</td><td>285</td><td>-45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>sp70</td><td>2008-05-10T09:08:53</td><td>09:15:12</td><td>17.7</td><td>5.98798</td><td>200</td><td>-32</td><td>288</td><td>-42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>sp84</td><td>2009-09-20T09:53:09</td><td>10:00:39</td><td>2.3</td><td>5.98798</td><td>200</td><td>-32</td><td>115</td><td>49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T12:41:37</td><td>13:17:53</td><td>12.8</td><td>6.42142</td><td>101</td><td>51</td><td>292</td><td>33</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>sp71</td><td>2008-06-11T10:25:12</td><td>10:40:19</td><td>5.3</td><td>6.42142</td><td>101</td><td>51</td><td>215</td><td>27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">End<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup><br>(hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>45</td><td>sp79</td><td>2009-03-30T10:40:23</td><td>10:52:08</td><td>7.1</td><td>5.69915</td><td>127</td><td>-35</td><td>338</td><td>-32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>V02</td><td>2010-05-10T15:04:55</td><td>15:20:53</td><td>22.4</td><td>5.69915</td><td>127</td><td>-35</td><td>39</td><td>61</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T08:17:27</td><td>08:35:28</td><td>8.9</td><td>20.70834</td><td>324</td><td>-57</td><td>269</td><td>-24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T10:44:58</td><td>11:41:31</td><td>2.9</td><td>20.70834</td><td>324</td><td>-57</td><td>9</td><td>29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T09:00:20</td><td>09:43:05</td><td>12.1</td><td>14.3108</td><td>281</td><td>26</td><td>276</td><td>-52</td><td>103</td><td>12</td><td>72</td><td>52</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>sp265</td><td>2020-05-27T09:04:59</td><td>09:29:41</td><td>4.9</td><td>14.3108</td><td>281</td><td>26</td><td>202</td><td>-38</td><td>103</td><td>12</td><td>27</td><td>37</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>sp19</td><td>2002-10-27T15:18:43</td><td>15:37:06</td><td>17.1</td><td>7.02264</td><td>154</td><td>17</td><td>252</td><td>-37</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T12:22:13</td><td>12:49:05</td><td>3.8</td><td>7.02264</td><td>154</td><td>17</td><td>114</td><td>-66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T06:05:09</td><td>06:10:23</td><td>16.3</td><td>7.02264</td><td>154</td><td>17</td><td>284</td><td>51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>sp259</td><td>2019-10-26T05:58:55</td><td>06:31:36</td><td>10.9</td><td>7.02264</td><td>154</td><td>17</td><td>333</td><td>42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-29T07:06:13</td><td>07:16:35</td><td>9.3</td><td>4.80404</td><td>223</td><td>18</td><td>180</td><td>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-29T05:43:52</td><td>05:54:02</td><td>23.0</td><td>4.80404</td><td>223</td><td>18</td><td>27</td><td>65</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-06-01T06:30:35</td><td>07:00:06</td><td>16.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:05:45</td><td>14:15:00</td><td>17.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T09:48:14</td><td>10:06:27</td><td>6.6</td><td>9.89807</td><td>207</td><td>6.2</td><td>148</td><td>-5</td><td>141</td><td>15</td><td>176</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>sp265</td><td>2020-05-27T06:59:18</td><td>07:46:58</td><td>14.7</td><td>9.89807</td><td>207</td><td>6.2</td><td>21</td><td>-89</td><td>141</td><td>15</td><td>228</td><td>-26</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>sp02<sup>d</sup></td><td>2000-10-08T10:50:00</td><td>15:00:00</td><td>19.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T11:32:07</td><td>11:35:48</td><td>20.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T12:26:42</td><td>12:32:02</td><td>11.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T15:09:13</td><td>15:20:49</td><td>23.9</td><td>8.75032</td><td>317</td><td>17</td><td>106</td><td>49</td><td>138</td><td>14</td><td>279</td><td>-50</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T08:43:31</td><td>09:00:47</td><td>14.4</td><td>8.75032</td><td>317</td><td>17</td><td>24</td><td>43</td><td>138</td><td>14</td><td>199</td><td>-44</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>sp46</td><td>2005-10-30T08:44:58</td><td>09:06:57</td><td>17.5</td><td>9.7357</td><td>49</td><td>-70</td><td>27</td><td>-11</td><td>225</td><td>-68</td><td>203</td><td>14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-22T06:23:32</td><td>06:32:19</td><td>23.6</td><td>9.7357</td><td>49</td><td>-70</td><td>226</td><td>-11</td><td>225</td><td>-68</td><td>43</td><td>15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>sp29</td><td>2004-06-15T05:28:43</td><td>05:46:41</td><td>22.6</td><td>15.8504</td><td>117</td><td>42</td><td>138</td><td>-4</td><td>286</td><td>50</td><td>321</td><td>-9</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T07:24:46</td><td>07:31:37</td><td>20.3</td><td>15.8504</td><td>117</td><td>42</td><td>29</td><td>38</td><td>286</td><td>50</td><td>225</td><td>-50</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T05:26:43</td><td>05:40:14</td><td>22.0</td><td>5.65534</td><td>250</td><td>17</td><td>337</td><td>10</td><td>71</td><td>-2</td><td>156</td><td>-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T06:58:01</td><td>07:05:39</td><td>11.4</td><td>5.65534</td><td>250</td><td>17</td><td>96</td><td>-47</td><td>71</td><td>-2</td><td>268</td><td>47</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T14:17:15</td><td>14:49:19</td><td>20.6</td><td>15.8041</td><td>40</td><td>26</td><td>344</td><td>-43</td><td>233</td><td>24</td><td>146</td><td>50</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T07:55:50</td><td>08:00:30</td><td>4.5</td><td>15.8041</td><td>40</td><td>26</td><td>241</td><td>-57</td><td>233</td><td>24</td><td>28</td><td>60</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T05:20:38</td><td>05:32:44</td><td>26.6</td><td>17.2675</td><td>289</td><td>14</td><td>304</td><td>-71</td><td>109</td><td>1</td><td>143</td><td>74</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-20T13:42:53</td><td>14:07:33</td><td>23.6</td><td>17.2675</td><td>289</td><td>14</td><td>37</td><td>80</td><td>109</td><td>1</td><td>227</td><td>-84</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T13:06:57</td><td>13:25:07</td><td>8.3</td><td>13.00079</td><td>164</td><td>-28</td><td>143</td><td>57</td><td>349</td><td>-33</td><td>332</td><td>-58</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:29:46</td><td>14:40:06</td><td>15.5</td><td>13.00079</td><td>164</td><td>-28</td><td>227</td><td>59</td><td>349</td><td>-33</td><td>56</td><td>-60</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T14:58:49</td><td>15:02:55</td><td>18.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">End<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup><br>(hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>92</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T05:53:02</td><td>05:59:10</td><td>19.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T08:31:05</td><td>08:57:37</td><td>9.5</td><td>5.98177</td><td>19</td><td>21</td><td>324</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T07:39:03</td><td>07:46:28</td><td>4.9</td><td>5.98177</td><td>19</td><td>21</td><td>217</td><td>-13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T11:14:30</td><td>11:32:25</td><td>2.8</td><td>23.74265</td><td>85</td><td>24</td><td>130</td><td>25</td><td>270</td><td>40</td><td>298</td><td>-23</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:17:49</td><td>14:27:05</td><td>20.5</td><td>23.74265</td><td>85</td><td>24</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>270</td><td>40</td><td>173</td><td>-8</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T12:16:50</td><td>12:34:12</td><td>16.0</td><td>37.118</td><td>47</td><td>24</td><td>323</td><td>-27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-09-30T07:20:45</td><td>07:26:53</td><td>17.8</td><td>37.118</td><td>47</td><td>24</td><td>324</td><td>-12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T05:04:18</td><td>05:16:29</td><td>25.8</td><td>37.118</td><td>47</td><td>24</td><td>327</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T11:08:52</td><td>11:26:13</td><td>4.6</td><td>16.2133</td><td>237</td><td>1</td><td>208</td><td>-6</td><td>57</td><td>12</td><td>40</td><td>7</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T07:49:41</td><td>07:54:04</td><td>1.8</td><td>16.2133</td><td>237</td><td>1</td><td>333</td><td>39</td><td>57</td><td>12</td><td>156</td><td>-40</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T13:55:33</td><td>14:23:17</td><td>12.2</td><td>14.25662</td><td>181</td><td>42</td><td>182</td><td>-40</td><td>353</td><td>39</td><td>16</td><td>42</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-05-31T07:57:29</td><td>08:25:31</td><td>15.6</td><td>14.25662</td><td>181</td><td>42</td><td>39</td><td>-43</td><td>353</td><td>39</td><td>235</td><td>49</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T14:34:40</td><td>14:53:01</td><td>16.9</td><td>14.25662</td><td>181</td><td>42</td><td>160</td><td>48</td><td>353</td><td>39</td><td>353</td><td>-49</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T15:06:42</td><td>15:24:01</td><td>16.7</td><td>10.9258</td><td>149</td><td>-55</td><td>208</td><td>-20</td><td>331</td><td>-61</td><td>27</td><td>29</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>sp64</td><td>2007-10-02T07:53:33</td><td>08:19:03</td><td>13.6</td><td>10.9258</td><td>149</td><td>-55</td><td>226</td><td>26</td><td>331</td><td>-61</td><td>48</td><td>-38</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T13:19:53</td><td>13:49:35</td><td>14.9</td><td>7.23996</td><td>35</td><td>33</td><td>252</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T05:43:57</td><td>06:01:15</td><td>22.7</td><td>7.23996</td><td>35</td><td>33</td><td>157</td><td>45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-03T05:33:29</td><td>05:50:18</td><td>20.6</td><td>7.8065</td><td>346</td><td>34</td><td>207</td><td>-2</td><td>176</td><td>59</td><td>10</td><td>6</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>sp102</td><td>2011-09-25T15:21:39</td><td>15:29:20</td><td>12.9</td><td>7.8065</td><td>346</td><td>34</td><td>326</td><td>-31</td><td>176</td><td>59</td><td>132</td><td>31</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T08:37:05</td><td>08:39:30</td><td>11.9</td><td>11.46514</td><td>339</td><td>-67</td><td>129</td><td>10</td><td>181</td><td>-61</td><td>333</td><td>-10</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T13:53:22</td><td>14:02:37</td><td>16.5</td><td>11.46514</td><td>339</td><td>-67</td><td>32</td><td>-15</td><td>181</td><td>-61</td><td>240</td><td>33</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T13:32:39</td><td>13:56:46</td><td>10.4</td><td>46.5508</td><td>256</td><td>39</td><td>194</td><td>-11</td><td>82</td><td>55</td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-21T06:53:57</td><td>07:16:06</td><td>18.1</td><td>46.5508</td><td>256</td><td>39</td><td>164</td><td>-28</td><td>82</td><td>55</td><td>334</td><td>26</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>sp99</td><td>2011-04-30T07:23:00</td><td>07:37:20</td><td>15.4</td><td>5.55088</td><td>359</td><td>8</td><td>231</td><td>44</td><td>3</td><td>15</td><td>235</td><td>38</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>V09</td><td>2012-01-24T15:14:28</td><td>15:24:03</td><td>14.1</td><td>5.55088</td><td>359</td><td>8</td><td>185</td><td>65</td><td>3</td><td>15</td><td>169</td><td>62</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T09:53:09</td><td>10:15:09</td><td>7.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T07:21:18</td><td>07:45:38</td><td>16.2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>sp263</td><td>2020-01-27T14:04:26</td><td>14:17:20</td><td>14.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T14:54:05</td><td>15:17:06</td><td>11.5</td><td>5.22466</td><td>64</td><td>-90</td><td>164</td><td>28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>V09</td><td>2012-01-24T15:29:11</td><td>15:32:43</td><td>14.9</td><td>5.22466</td><td>64</td><td>-90</td><td>331</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T10:27:15</td><td>10:49:13</td><td>4.2</td><td>12.7087</td><td>348</td><td>-52</td><td>135</td><td>-19</td><td>155</td><td>-59</td><td>293</td><td>9</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T14:46:21</td><td>15:17:57</td><td>19.9</td><td>12.7087</td><td>348</td><td>-52</td><td>129</td><td>28</td><td>155</td><td>-59</td><td>294</td><td>-27</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>144</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T14:03:28</td><td>14:31:21</td><td>15.0</td><td>13.82517</td><td>251</td><td>63</td><td>10</td><td>-24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>144</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T04:58:32</td><td>05:07:22</td><td>22.9</td><td>13.82517</td><td>251</td><td>63</td><td>31</td><td>25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">End<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup><br>(hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>145</td><td>V01</td><td>2010-02-22T15:05:04</td><td>15:18:03</td><td>21.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>145</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T13:27:34</td><td>13:43:05</td><td>16.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>156</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-21T14:07:08</td><td>14:23:54</td><td>17.6</td><td>22.1157</td><td>197</td><td>9</td><td>296</td><td>8</td><td>22</td><td>15</td><td>106</td><td>-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>156</td><td>V09</td><td>2012-01-21T07:44:22</td><td>08:01:10</td><td>11.0</td><td>22.1157</td><td>197</td><td>9</td><td>99</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>15</td><td>259</td><td>-22</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T09:49:41</td><td>10:19:35</td><td>2.3</td><td>14.20569</td><td>30</td><td>-64</td><td>24</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T08:14:05</td><td>08:29:53</td><td>10.3</td><td>14.20569</td><td>30</td><td>-64</td><td>200</td><td>-19</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T06:05:13</td><td>06:19:23</td><td>17.4</td><td>11.03318</td><td>125</td><td>-33</td><td>85</td><td>5</td><td>308</td><td>-41</td><td>272</td><td>-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>sp99</td><td>2011-04-30T07:00:59</td><td>07:19:20</td><td>21.7</td><td>11.03318</td><td>125</td><td>-33</td><td>309</td><td>-54</td><td>308</td><td>-41</td><td>134</td><td>51</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T12:53:43</td><td>13:21:25</td><td>8.7</td><td>23.8592</td><td>41</td><td>-64</td><td>148</td><td>-24</td><td>196</td><td>-64</td><td>300</td><td>26</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T11:10:34</td><td>11:28:55</td><td>7.3</td><td>23.8592</td><td>41</td><td>-64</td><td>330</td><td>-1</td><td>196</td><td>-64</td><td>127</td><td>12</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>sp15</td><td>2002-06-17T06:54:22</td><td>07:21:17</td><td>11.6</td><td>5.38528</td><td>74</td><td>20</td><td>167</td><td>50</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>sp127</td><td>2013-12-07T07:49:01</td><td>09:07:19</td><td>12.1</td><td>5.38528</td><td>74</td><td>20</td><td>50</td><td>-52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T14:57:28</td><td>15:18:52</td><td>22.6</td><td>19.698</td><td>318</td><td>61</td><td>49</td><td>23</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td>V09</td><td>2012-01-24T09:34:31</td><td>09:49:38</td><td>4.4</td><td>19.698</td><td>318</td><td>61</td><td>21</td><td>38</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T05:52:28</td><td>06:29:38</td><td>19.9</td><td>29.1753</td><td>230</td><td>30</td><td>133</td><td>20</td><td>42</td><td>14</td><td>337</td><td>-21</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>V04</td><td>2010-09-11T14:47:54</td><td>15:04:57</td><td>18.8</td><td>29.1753</td><td>230</td><td>30</td><td>295</td><td>36</td><td>42</td><td>14</td><td>128</td><td>-33</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>sp95</td><td>2010-10-27T14:56:19</td><td>15:25:20</td><td>18.7</td><td>29.1753</td><td>230</td><td>30</td><td>353</td><td>28</td><td>42</td><td>14</td><td>186</td><td>-25</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T06:41:46</td><td>07:14:08</td><td>21.1</td><td>129.716</td><td>41</td><td>-80</td><td>222</td><td>-4</td><td>218</td><td>-74</td><td>41</td><td>-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>sp69</td><td>2008-04-13T10:59:51</td><td>11:18:03</td><td>1.9</td><td>129.716</td><td>41</td><td>-80</td><td>180</td><td>10</td><td>218</td><td>-74</td><td>357</td><td>-16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>sp70</td><td>2008-05-10T08:18:51</td><td>08:48:11</td><td>11.2</td><td>129.716</td><td>41</td><td>-80</td><td>196</td><td>10</td><td>218</td><td>-74</td><td>13</td><td>-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>258</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T06:23:12</td><td>06:50:04</td><td>16.3</td><td>10.04008</td><td>224</td><td>-4</td><td>149</td><td>-11</td><td>40</td><td>-9</td><td>282</td><td>12</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>258</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T14:44:45</td><td>14:49:25</td><td>27.0</td><td>10.04008</td><td>224</td><td>-4</td><td>282</td><td>80</td><td>40</td><td>-9</td><td>10</td><td>-74</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>266</td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-05T06:22:15</td><td>07:04:42</td><td>18.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>266</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T05:14:44</td><td>05:26:48</td><td>20.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>269</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T14:30:16</td><td>14:57:59</td><td>18.4</td><td>33.129</td><td>71</td><td>-79</td><td>242</td><td>-17</td><td>251</td><td>-69</td><td>62</td><td>15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>269</td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T14:54:13</td><td>15:12:31</td><td>18.6</td><td>33.129</td><td>71</td><td>-79</td><td>196</td><td>20</td><td>251</td><td>-69</td><td>17</td><td>-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>288</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T11:25:30</td><td>11:52:53</td><td>5.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>288</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:47:06</td><td>11:04:16</td><td>0.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>289</td><td>sp01</td><td>2000-09-04T14:46:35</td><td>15:26:35</td><td>23.4</td><td>6.916</td><td>134</td><td>-79</td><td>61</td><td>-4</td><td>294</td><td>-73</td><td>221</td><td>13</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>289</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T05:16:54</td><td>05:41:23</td><td>23.6</td><td>6.916</td><td>134</td><td>-79</td><td>167</td><td>-6</td><td>294</td><td>-73</td><td>325</td><td>-1</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>301</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T15:03:56</td><td>15:24:41</td><td>21.9</td><td>12.2409</td><td>226</td><td>70</td><td>20</td><td>-24</td><td>46</td><td>61</td><td>200</td><td>20</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>301</td><td>V02</td><td>2010-05-10T10:58:26</td><td>11:29:12</td><td>9.2</td><td>12.2409</td><td>226</td><td>70</td><td>182</td><td>-25</td><td>46</td><td>61</td><td>0</td><td>18</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T09:07:04</td><td>09:28:06</td><td>3.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>sp39</td><td>2005-04-18T09:36:58</td><td>09:56:14</td><td>8.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start Time</th><th rowspan="2">End Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup> (hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>322</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T08:39:13</td><td>09:07:13</td><td>13.5</td><td>17.5726</td><td>77</td><td>12</td><td>102</td><td>4</td><td>253</td><td>23</td><td>310</td><td>-8</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>322</td><td>V02</td><td>2010-05-11T08:37:27</td><td>08:58:42</td><td>7.3</td><td>17.5726</td><td>77</td><td>12</td><td>237</td><td>40</td><td>253</td><td>23</td><td>84</td><td>-36</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>346</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-05-31T06:07:17</td><td>06:40:00</td><td>17.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>346</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T13:30:59</td><td>13:45:09</td><td>17.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>354</td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T15:00:38</td><td>15:22:39</td><td>19.9</td><td>4.27718</td><td>154</td><td>51</td><td>170</td><td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>354</td><td>dm02</td><td>2011-08-08T06:10:13</td><td>06:26:21</td><td>19.9</td><td>4.27718</td><td>154</td><td>51</td><td>93</td><td>-17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>359</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-30T13:20:18</td><td>13:43:48</td><td>10.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>359</td><td>V02</td><td>2010-05-10T05:17:28</td><td>05:54:07</td><td>18.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-21T15:15:03</td><td>15:29:33</td><td>23.3</td><td>6.18959</td><td>355</td><td>55</td><td>359</td><td>23</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>spBus</td><td>2019-03-04T15:28:45</td><td>15:44:36</td><td>16.3</td><td>6.18959</td><td>355</td><td>55</td><td>32</td><td>-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td>sp61</td><td>2007-07-20T14:53:54</td><td>15:21:58</td><td>27.7</td><td>9.15753</td><td>67</td><td>59</td><td>288</td><td>-11</td><td>283</td><td>44</td><td>69</td><td>3</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td>sp64</td><td>2007-10-02T11:36:45</td><td>11:46:06</td><td>6.0</td><td>9.15753</td><td>67</td><td>59</td><td>83</td><td>-5</td><td>283</td><td>44</td><td>218</td><td>5</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T07:05:32</td><td>07:34:05</td><td>13.8</td><td>10.73965</td><td>93</td><td>49</td><td>60</td><td>37</td><td>256</td><td>43</td><td>265</td><td>-43</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T12:47:50</td><td>13:17:13</td><td>12.6</td><td>10.73965</td><td>93</td><td>49</td><td>163</td><td>-33</td><td>256</td><td>43</td><td>10</td><td>29</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:35:21</td><td>10:42:52</td><td>0.7</td><td>10.73965</td><td>93</td><td>49</td><td>45</td><td>38</td><td>256</td><td>43</td><td>249</td><td>-39</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T09:04:30</td><td>09:25:32</td><td>8.4</td><td>24.14011</td><td>123</td><td>46</td><td>336</td><td>-49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T07:05:09</td><td>07:28:56</td><td>18.9</td><td>24.14011</td><td>123</td><td>46</td><td>88</td><td>-52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T11:40:38</td><td>11:59:23</td><td>7.7</td><td>8.4952</td><td>291</td><td>-29</td><td>268</td><td>-21</td><td>98</td><td>-38</td><td>64</td><td>21</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T14:53:08</td><td>15:00:08</td><td>19.6</td><td>8.4952</td><td>291</td><td>-29</td><td>13</td><td>29</td><td>98</td><td>-38</td><td>163</td><td>-24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T12:34:22</td><td>12:38:14</td><td>9.6</td><td>8.4952</td><td>291</td><td>-29</td><td>111</td><td>27</td><td>98</td><td>-38</td><td>259</td><td>-21</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T09:06:30</td><td>09:33:15</td><td>6.0</td><td>12.26999</td><td>230</td><td>33</td><td>233</td><td>-41</td><td>65</td><td>35</td><td>35</td><td>44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>sp93</td><td>2010-09-06T14:56:23</td><td>15:14:43</td><td>18.4</td><td>12.26999</td><td>230</td><td>33</td><td>52</td><td>50</td><td>65</td><td>35</td><td>203</td><td>-58</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>444</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T06:02:25</td><td>06:37:36</td><td>21.8</td><td>6.21516</td><td>58</td><td>15</td><td>296</td><td>65</td><td>234</td><td>38</td><td>126</td><td>-62</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>444</td><td>V08</td><td>2011-10-25T06:35:49</td><td>06:47:34</td><td>23.0</td><td>6.21516</td><td>58</td><td>15</td><td>199</td><td>-1</td><td>234</td><td>38</td><td>32</td><td>-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>485</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T12:52:43</td><td>13:14:45</td><td>13.0</td><td>17.6191</td><td>322</td><td>-50</td><td>299</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>485</td><td>V06</td><td>2011-01-10T13:49:48</td><td>14:09:00</td><td>23.6</td><td>17.6191</td><td>322</td><td>-50</td><td>120</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T12:30:35</td><td>12:53:10</td><td>30.0</td><td>5.58203</td><td>324</td><td>45</td><td>227</td><td>32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T13:24:48</td><td>14:06:55</td><td>29.9</td><td>5.58203</td><td>324</td><td>45</td><td>159</td><td>32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>V04</td><td>2010-09-11T06:21:59</td><td>06:30:34</td><td>32.3</td><td>5.58203</td><td>324</td><td>45</td><td>202</td><td>-26</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T07:02:02</td><td>07:17:06</td><td>22.7</td><td>9.40494</td><td>103</td><td>11</td><td>329</td><td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T10:05:47</td><td>10:24:22</td><td>4.7</td><td>9.40494</td><td>103</td><td>11</td><td>61</td><td>55</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T10:22:51</td><td>10:28:11</td><td>7.7</td><td>9.40494</td><td>103</td><td>11</td><td>345</td><td>-35</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>600</td><td>V04</td><td>2010-09-11T05:32:32</td><td>05:54:07</td><td>23.4</td><td>5.88638</td><td>208</td><td>-46</td><td>63</td><td>-24</td><td>360</td><td>-74</td><td>217</td><td>12</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>600</td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T13:57:42</td><td>14:13:40</td><td>15.1</td><td>5.88638</td><td>208</td><td>-46</td><td>285</td><td>33</td><td>360</td><td>-74</td><td>73</td><td>-25</td><td>Y</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">End<br>Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup><br>(hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>631</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T10:16:44</td><td>10:46:08</td><td>5.9</td><td>5.9022</td><td>183</td><td>-2</td><td>78</td><td>74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>V04</td><td>2010-09-11T06:02:58</td><td>06:14:56</td><td>20.0</td><td>5.9022</td><td>183</td><td>-2</td><td>91</td><td>-20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T10:17:25</td><td>10:35:46</td><td>9.4</td><td>5.9022</td><td>183</td><td>-2</td><td>267</td><td>59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>675</td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T05:22:43</td><td>05:46:38</td><td>22.6</td><td>7.71549</td><td>49</td><td>74</td><td>15</td><td>3</td><td>196</td><td>49</td><td>233</td><td>-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>675</td><td>V04</td><td>2010-09-11T14:36:18</td><td>14:43:34</td><td>27.0</td><td>7.71549</td><td>49</td><td>74</td><td>13</td><td>-18</td><td>196</td><td>49</td><td>226</td><td>11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>679</td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-19T14:02:06</td><td>14:25:08</td><td>11.6</td><td>8.45602</td><td>42</td><td>-5</td><td>197</td><td>45</td><td>220</td><td>32</td><td>336</td><td>-57</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>679</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T14:03:13</td><td>14:21:36</td><td>14.2</td><td>8.45602</td><td>42</td><td>-5</td><td>259</td><td>64</td><td>220</td><td>32</td><td>147</td><td>-85</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>688</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T08:32:08</td><td>08:59:52</td><td>14.2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>688</td><td>V08</td><td>2011-10-25T07:39:20</td><td>08:10:02</td><td>16.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>706</td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-29T07:24:14</td><td>08:03:47</td><td>9.9</td><td>22.016</td><td>92</td><td>66</td><td>203</td><td>-43</td><td>244</td><td>54</td><td>61</td><td>12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>706</td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-30T05:22:45</td><td>05:59:30</td><td>21.8</td><td>22.016</td><td>92</td><td>66</td><td>26</td><td>-35</td><td>244</td><td>54</td><td>241</td><td>19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>sp02<sup>d</sup></td><td>2000-10-09T11:10:00</td><td>15:00:00</td><td>18.4</td><td>8.91861</td><td>239</td><td>40</td><td>108-314<sup>d</sup></td><td>44</td><td>33</td><td>52</td><td>312-158<sup>d</sup></td><td>-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T06:00:16</td><td>06:23:29</td><td>15.9</td><td>8.91861</td><td>239</td><td>40</td><td>257</td><td>41</td><td>33</td><td>52</td><td>102</td><td>-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>793</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T11:58:14</td><td>12:25:55</td><td>7.9</td><td>7.3985</td><td>0</td><td>89</td><td>139</td><td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>793</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T06:15:23</td><td>06:33:44</td><td>20.0</td><td>7.3985</td><td>0</td><td>89</td><td>22</td><td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>808</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T12:31:05</td><td>13:03:39</td><td>13.2</td><td>30.6297</td><td>26</td><td>54</td><td>97</td><td>-34</td><td>192</td><td>57</td><td>295</td><td>31</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>808</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T14:12:29</td><td>14:30:50</td><td>18.3</td><td>30.6297</td><td>26</td><td>54</td><td>184</td><td>-32</td><td>192</td><td>57</td><td>22</td><td>28</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>863</td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-14T06:46:20</td><td>07:14:56</td><td>15.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>863</td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T14:54:26</td><td>15:12:46</td><td>18.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T07:58:34</td><td>08:22:31</td><td>12.3</td><td>7.87754</td><td>294</td><td>41</td><td>227</td><td>-52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>sp102</td><td>2011-09-25T06:56:54</td><td>07:08:39</td><td>9.8</td><td>7.87754</td><td>294</td><td>41</td><td>238</td><td>-44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>965</td><td>V07</td><td>2011-10-21T11:41:50</td><td>11:58:26</td><td>5.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>965</td><td>V08</td><td>2011-10-25T08:18:42</td><td>08:32:26</td><td>3.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>sp17</td><td>2002-09-16T08:57:40</td><td>09:19:00</td><td>11.9</td><td>5.77803</td><td>245</td><td>52</td><td>87</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T10:52:27</td><td>11:18:51</td><td>7.3</td><td>5.77803</td><td>245</td><td>52</td><td>324</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T05:50:32</td><td>06:09:47</td><td>18.3</td><td>5.77803</td><td>245</td><td>52</td><td>171</td><td>-22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>1128</td><td>V03</td><td>2010-09-04T10:45:02</td><td>11:01:50</td><td>12.6</td><td>10.234</td><td>214</td><td>-38</td><td>234</td><td>48</td><td>39</td><td>-43</td><td>60</td><td>-44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1128</td><td>V05</td><td>2010-11-01T06:50:03</td><td>07:11:35</td><td>10.8</td><td>10.234</td><td>214</td><td>-38</td><td>19</td><td>44</td><td>39</td><td>-43</td><td>203</td><td>-39</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1139</td><td>sp29</td><td>2004-06-15T06:58:10</td><td>07:55:52</td><td>20.9</td><td>27.4735</td><td>270</td><td>-29</td><td>108</td><td>-29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1139</td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-05T11:43:22</td><td>12:25:19</td><td>25.2</td><td>27.4735</td><td>270</td><td>-29</td><td>79</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1228</td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-13T09:31:23</td><td>10:04:26</td><td>8.8</td><td>22.6973</td><td>122</td><td>-86</td><td>4</td><td>-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1228</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T12:21:48</td><td>12:59:13</td><td>10.9</td><td>22.6973</td><td>122</td><td>-86</td><td>18</td><td>-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1300</td><td>sp55</td><td>2006-10-25T07:39:23</td><td>08:39:09</td><td>7.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1300</td><td>sp56</td><td>2006-11-21T07:56:14</td><td>08:33:03</td><td>15.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start Time</th><th rowspan="2">End Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup> (hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2234</td><td>dm05</td><td>2012-01-12T14:22:00</td><td>15:01:00</td><td>21.0</td><td>15.8126</td><td>49</td><td>9</td><td>57</td><td>54</td><td>212</td><td>-37</td><td>147</td><td>-45</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>2234</td><td>dm07</td><td>2012-03-20T10:16:08</td><td>10:32:30</td><td>5.3</td><td>15.8126</td><td>49</td><td>9</td><td>63</td><td>54</td><td>212</td><td>-37</td><td>173</td><td>-51</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>2335</td><td>sp45</td><td>2005-10-08T13:20:31</td><td>13:59:32</td><td>23.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2335</td><td>sp46</td><td>2005-10-30T09:15:14</td><td>09:44:13</td><td>23.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2867</td><td>sp57</td><td>2006-12-22T13:14:29</td><td>14:06:09</td><td>7.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>2867</td><td>sp58</td><td>2007-01-21T09:18:52</td><td>09:55:19</td><td>8.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>2977</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T14:07:00</td><td>14:44:15</td><td>21.4</td><td>6.25758</td><td>178</td><td>-70</td><td>260</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2977</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T11:07:28</td><td>11:55:24</td><td>5.7</td><td>6.25758</td><td>178</td><td>-70</td><td>39</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3573</td><td>dm10</td><td>2012-08-14T07:21:00</td><td>07:40:00</td><td>3.1</td><td>6.54245</td><td>142</td><td>50</td><td>208</td><td>36</td><td>318</td><td>52</td><td>32</td><td>-42</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3573</td><td>dm11</td><td>2012-09-16T06:28:00</td><td>06:30:00</td><td>17.2</td><td>6.54245</td><td>142</td><td>50</td><td>238</td><td>35</td><td>318</td><td>52</td><td>62</td><td>-41</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3613</td><td>sp91</td><td>2010-05-09T13:11:02</td><td>14:29:33</td><td>18.7</td><td>308.9</td><td>311</td><td>67</td><td>89</td><td>-18</td><td>80</td><td>69</td><td>323</td><td>21</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3613</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T07:37:41</td><td>08:05:56</td><td>9.4</td><td>308.9</td><td>311</td><td>67</td><td>95</td><td>-12</td><td>80</td><td>69</td><td>327</td><td>26</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3819</td><td>sp84</td><td>2009-09-20T12:11:38</td><td>12:48:45</td><td>11.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3819</td><td>sp85</td><td>2009-10-25T09:35:42</td><td>10:03:41</td><td>7.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3844</td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-12T13:07:32</td><td>13:47:40</td><td>8.0</td><td>13.3314</td><td>274</td><td>47</td><td>212</td><td>31</td><td>274</td><td>47</td><td>37</td><td>-26</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3844</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T09:56:38</td><td>10:55:29</td><td>23.0</td><td>13.3314</td><td>274</td><td>47</td><td>19</td><td>14</td><td>274</td><td>47</td><td>210</td><td>-19</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3873</td><td>sp19</td><td>2002-10-28T08:28:29</td><td>09:05:18</td><td>13.2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>3873</td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T06:40:17</td><td>07:41:55</td><td>27.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>4455</td><td>sp85</td><td>2009-10-25T12:48:19</td><td>13:27:42</td><td>15.8</td><td>4.30829</td><td>197</td><td>-50</td><td>304</td><td>13</td><td>6</td><td>-30</td><td>110</td><td>-10</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>4455</td><td>sp87</td><td>2010-01-17T10:37:39</td><td>11:14:16</td><td>14.0</td><td>4.30829</td><td>197</td><td>-50</td><td>163</td><td>17</td><td>6</td><td>-30</td><td>320</td><td>-23</td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>5401</td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-12T05:09:27</td><td>06:05:51</td><td>21.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>5401</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T11:39:50</td><td>12:17:01</td><td>4.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>5641</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-09-30T08:43:03</td><td>09:50:37</td><td>13.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>5641</td><td>sp38</td><td>2005-04-12T14:27:19</td><td>15:15:50</td><td>31.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>5641</td><td>sp42</td><td>2005-06-10T06:48:41</td><td>07:51:46</td><td>31.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>6478</td><td>sp253</td><td>2019-03-31T08:47:07</td><td>10:22:42</td><td>15.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>6478</td><td>sp254</td><td>2019-04-08T06:36:14</td><td>07:31:40</td><td>18.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>8838</td><td>dm04</td><td>2011-12-01T04:38:00</td><td>05:22:00</td><td>14.1</td><td>42.6145</td><td>0</td><td>51</td><td>192</td><td>-36</td><td>164</td><td>35</td><td>55</td><td>44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8838</td><td>dm13</td><td>2013-01-16T08:04:57</td><td>08:43:12</td><td>7.1</td><td>42.6145</td><td>0</td><td>51</td><td>216</td><td>17</td><td>164</td><td>35</td><td>82</td><td>-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20786</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-10-01T12:42:48</td><td>13:41:33</td><td>16.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>20786</td><td>sp80</td><td>2009-04-27T14:29:24</td><td>15:26:09</td><td>15.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>20786</td><td>sp81</td><td>2009-06-21T07:40:47</td><td>08:08:51</td><td>19.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>29731</td><td>dm04</td><td>2011-12-01T09:04:00</td><td>10:03:00</td><td>16.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>29731</td><td>dm14</td><td>2013-03-01T14:22:00</td><td>15:00:00</td><td>19.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 1**
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">No.</th><th rowspan="2">Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Start Time</th><th rowspan="2">End Time</th><th rowspan="2">α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th rowspan="2">P<sup>a</sup> (hr)</th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>1</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">Pole<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="2">SEP<sub>2</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="2">Heterogeneity Candidate<sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>1</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>λ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th><th>φ<sub>2</sub> (deg)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>34931</td><td>sp121</td><td>2013-06-13T08:10:30</td><td>08:38:13</td><td>9.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>34931</td><td>dm16</td><td>2013-07-18T07:17:26</td><td>07:53:02</td><td>17.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>35925</td><td>dm02</td><td>2011-08-08T11:03:48</td><td>11:49:39</td><td>4.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>35925</td><td>dm12</td><td>2012-12-12T06:56:01</td><td>07:40:28</td><td>12.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>YY</td></tr><tr><td>40573</td><td>dm05</td><td>2012-01-23T13:22:00</td><td>13:58:00</td><td>12.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>40573</td><td>dm06</td><td>2012-03-04T11:00:00</td><td>11:55:00</td><td>3.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>42946</td><td>sp117</td><td>2013-01-17T06:40:37</td><td>07:15:40</td><td>14.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>42946</td><td>dm20</td><td>2015-09-11T08:35:59</td><td>08:54:12</td><td>8.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>45876</td><td>dm09</td><td>2012-07-22T13:44:00</td><td>14:22:00</td><td>24.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>45876</td><td>dm11</td><td>2012-09-16T09:07:14</td><td>09:33:03</td><td>3.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>271073</td><td>sp271</td><td>2020-08-30T14:25:15</td><td>15:02:10</td><td>22.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr><tr><td>271073</td><td>sp274</td><td>2020-09-28T10:18:04</td><td>10:54:58</td><td>11.5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Low S/N</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.**

<footnote><sup>a</sup> The observational run (Obs. Run), phase angle (α), rotational period (P), ecliptic longitude and latitude of pole solution (Pole), and ecliptic longitude and latitude of sub-Earth point at the time of observations (SEP).</footnote>

<footnote><sup>b</sup> Y: “optimistic” candidates. YY: “conservative” candidates.</footnote>

<footnote><sup>c</sup> Spectra of 1 Ceres in sp41 combined all three separate observations into one. It shows a practically average Ceres spectrum.</footnote>

<footnote><sup>d</sup> Records of observed times for asteroids have been lost. Observation time was assumed to be below air mass 2 and before dawn.</footnote>
creating systematic variations with enough frequency to misinterpret independent nights that do not precisely match. This implies that one should be very careful when claiming heterogeneity when using this data set. Here, we prefer to talk about “candidates for heterogeneity” that remain to be corroborated by future observations.

Therefore, in this work, we search for asteroid candidates for surface heterogeneity using MITHNEOS and additional spectroscopic surveys that use the same observational and reduction method as MITHNEOS in preparation for future observations for heterogeneity detection using extremely large telescopes.

## 2. Observation Method and Data Reduction

MITHNEOS conducts spectroscopic observations of asteroids with the 3.2 m NASA IRTF located on Maunakea, Hawaii. The survey makes use of the SpeX near-IR spectrograph (Rayner et al. 2003) combined with a 0.′′8 × 15″ slit in the low-resolution prism mode to acquire the asteroid spectra over the 0.7–2.5 µm wavelength range. The observations consist of a series of spectral images with 120 s exposure time (and sometimes shorter in the case of very bright targets) using an ABBA beam pattern to efficiently remove the sky background by subtracting pairs of AB images. Typically, three calibration stars known to be very close spectral analogs to the Sun are observed each night for removal of the solar colors from the asteroid spectra. These solar analogs, which are G2V–G5V stars, include Hyades 64, 93–101, 98–978, 102–1081, 105–56, 107–684, 107–998, 110–361, 112–1333, 113–276, and 115–271 (Marsset et al. 2020b).

Data reduction and spectral extraction of the MITHNEOS data are performed with IRAF, as well as homemade recipes written in IDL and Python. The Autospex software tool is also used to automatically write sets of command files (Rivkin et al. 2005). Reduction steps include trimming the images, creating a bad-pixel map, flat-fielding the images, sky-subtracting between AB image pairs, tracing the spectra in both the wavelength and spatial dimensions, coadding the spectral images, extracting the spectra, performing wavelength calibration, and correcting for air-mass differences between the asteroids and their corresponding solar analogs. We use an atmospheric transmission (ATRAN) model by Lord (1992) to determine a coefficient for each object (each asteroid and each star) that minimizes atmospheric water absorption effects. Next, the resulting asteroid spectra are divided by each of the stellar spectra obtained during the same night in order to remove the solar gradient. Finally, an average reflectance spectrum is produced for each asteroid by combining the spectra obtained by use of the different solar analogs.

This reduction method is also described in Binzel et al. (2019) and Marsset et al. (2022) in detail.

## 3. Observation Data Sets

This study used the following two data sets: MITHNEOS from 2000 September 4 to 2022 June 5 (principal investigator from the fall of 2000 to the fall of 2014: Richard P. Binzel; principal investigator from the spring of 2015 to the spring of 2022: Francesca E. DeMeo) and data for which the principal investigator is Pierre Vernazza, which were obtained following the same observation method as MITHNEOS from 2010 February 22 to 2012 January 24. The MITHNEOS data set consists of both NEAs and MBAs. The MITHNEOS data for

NEAs were published in Binzel et al. (2019) and Marsset et al. (2022). Most of the MBA data were published in DeMeo et al. (2009) or are published here in this work for the first time (see Appendix A for a full reference list for the data). The Vernazza data consist of only MBAs. Circumstances for MBAs of MITHNEOS (MITHMBAs) and Vernazza’s observations (MBAs only) are shown in Tables A1 and A2, respectively. Spectra of asteroids with only one observation that have not been previously published are also shown in Appendix B.

The two data sets consist of both NEAs and MBAs, but this study is restricted to MBAs. The reasons for this are as follows.

The first reason relates to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the available spectra. Since the main purpose of MITHNEOS is to study NEAs, a very large number of spectra of NEAs have been obtained. However, because NEAs are generally faint and exhibit a large sky motion, the data often have a worse S/N than the accuracy of Marsset et al. (2020b).

The second reason stems from the existing dependency of asteroid spectral slopes with phase angle. The spectral slope of an asteroid is known to vary depending on the phase angle at which it is observed (e.g., Sanchez et al. 2012; Thomas et al. 2014; Binzel et al. 2019; Fornasier et al. 2020) in visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Spectral phase reddening of asteroids has also been observed at visible wavelengths (e.g., Fornasier et al. 2015; Perna et al. 2018; Tatsumi et al. 2020). Including NEAs, which are often observed at large and varying phase angles (e.g., Perna et al. 2018), in our study may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the surface spectral heterogeneity of these objects. Spectral slope variation of the near-infrared spectra with respect to the phase angle at the time of observation is larger for D-type asteroids, whose spectra have steep slopes in visible and near-infrared wavelengths, than for C-complex asteroids, whose spectra have flat slopes (Lantz et al. 2018). Hasegawa et al. (2022b) showed that spectral slope variations of D-type asteroids due to variations of the phase angle are smaller than the slope uncertainty of MITHNEOS if the phase angle varies by less than 20°. For S-type asteroids, it is smaller than this uncertainty within a 35° variation of the phase angle. NEAs observed by MITHNEOS may have had a difference greater than this phase angle requirement during the observations. The observed phase angle differences between the asteroids used in this study do not exceed 20° (see Table 1).

The third reason is that the rotational state properties are available for only a handful of NEAs (16 NEAs) in our data set (see Section 4). Furthermore, one quarter of these NEAs have been identified as having a YORP effect. The observed geometry of most NEAs cannot be thus estimated.

For these three reasons, only spectra of MBAs are considered in this study. A total of 130 asteroids with more than two spectroscopic measurements are compiled.

## 4. Observing Geometry

To check possible surface heterogeneity, we need to know which side of the asteroid was facing the Earth during the observation—the sub-Earth point. We determined the ecliptic latitude and longitude of the sub-Earth point of the asteroids at the time their spectra were obtained using the online sky projection tool on the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques web page (DAMIT<fnref n="16" />; Ďurech et al. 2010). DAMIT contains ~16,000 models for almost 11,000

<footnote n="16">¹⁶ https://astro.troja.mff.cuni.cz/projects/damit/</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1.** Reflectance spectra of X-complex asteroids selected as heterogeneous candidates in this study. Visible spectrophotometric and spectroscopic data were taken from Zellner et al. (1985), Bus & Binzel (2002), Sergeyev et al. (2022), and Gaia Collaboration et al. (2023). Data of Sergeyev & Carry (2021) were also used in the case of few visible spectral data. The green and yellow error bars represent the observational uncertainty of Marsset et al. (2020b). They are shown for the two most extreme spectra (Section 5). Different colors are used only for better readability. The black arrows show the slope uncertainty centered at the reflectance value of the spectra at 2.40 µm, as marked by the black dashed lines.</figcaption></figure>

asteroids (2023 August). Three-dimensional convex shapes, pole orientations, and sidereal rotation periods of asteroids in DAMIT are calculated using the photometry inversion technique of Kaasalainen & Torppa (2001) and Kaasalainen et al. (2001).

Table 1 shows the phase angle and the ecliptic latitude and longitude of the sub-Earth point at the exposure midtime of observation for asteroids with multiple near-infrared spectra. Shape models are available for 103 objects. For the remaining 21 asteroids (excluding the low-S/N cases), their shape models have not been derived yet. We keep these objects in our sample, but the question of their geometric orientation during our spectroscopic observations remains open for now.

**5. Method for the Identification of Candidates for Surface Heterogeneity**

To select candidates for surface heterogeneity, we conduct the following steps. First, we reject spectra with low S/N that prevented measuring the spectral slope with a better accuracy

than the slope uncertainty of Marsset et al. (2020b). Next, the uncertainty of Marsset et al. (2020b) is plotted on each near-infrared spectrum normalized to unity at 0.8 µm. Since we focus solely on near-infrared spectra rather than visible spectra in our search for surface heterogeneity, the coupling of visible and near-infrared spectra does not come into play. If there are more than two spectra, the spectra farthest in reflectance from each other are compared. If the uncertainty ranges of the compared spectra do not overlap with each other, then the asteroid is judged to have a heterogeneous surface. To be more accurate, the selection conditions of heterogeneity candidates are the existence of a nonoverlapping region of more than 0.1 µm wavelength range for the reasons that follow. Figures 1–5: The likelihood of a given spectrum to fall within the green or yellow error bars of the other spectrum (which correspond to the 1σ range) is 68.3%. Therefore, there is a 31.7% chance that the spectrum falls outside of that range due to the statistical uncertainty and half that probability on one side or the other (above or below).
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. Reflectance spectra of S-complex V-, R-, and K-type asteroids identified as candidates for surface heterogeneity.</figcaption></figure>

The probability that one spectrum is half out of the $1\sigma$ range is 15.9%, assuming a Gaussian distribution. Since the statistical uncertainty can move both spectra up and down, the probability of overlap is the square of that value. Under the uncertainty of Marsset et al. (2020b), the probability of two spectra not meeting the overlapping criteria is 2.52% for a homogeneous asteroid. Moreover, to increase the accuracy to a level below 1% (2.75$\sigma$ ~ 0.6%), more than 18 data points would be required. Given that the wavelength increment of the spectrum is 0.005 µm, this corresponds to 0.1 µm of consecutive

nonoverlapping. This comparison was made over the range 0.8–2.45 µm.

However, it is possible that these statistics are flawed by looking for differences over a short wavelength range. Therefore, candidates searched using the above method are considered as “optimistics,” while we define asteroids exhibiting a slope variation of more than $3\sigma$ between epochs as “conservative” candidates (that is, more likely to be truly heterogeneous). We look for spectral slope heterogeneity and do not perform any analysis of absorption-band parameters.
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. (Continued.)</figcaption></figure>

## 6. Results

Figures 1–5 show spectra of 64 candidates for surface heterogeneity. Each figure is dedicated to asteroids belonging to a similar spectral type. Similar figures for the remaining 66 asteroids not determined to be heterogeneous candidates are shown in Appendix B. Figure 6 shows the histogram of spectral slope variability in our sample, given by the number of sigma variation of the normalized spectra measured at 2.4 µm. There

are 52 optimistic heterogeneous candidates and 12 conservative heterogeneous candidates.

1 Ceres, 3 Juno, 10 Hygiea, 16 Psyche, and 21 Lutetia were observed with high spatial resolution and confirmed to exhibit albedo and color variations at hemispheric scales in previous studies (Baliunas et al. 2003; Weiss et al. 2012; de Sanctis et al. 2018; Ferrais et al. 2020; Vernazza et al. 2020). Using our selection criteria (Section 5), we identify 1 Ceres, 3 Juno, and 16 Psyche as optimistic heterogeneous candidates and 10
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. (Continued.)</figcaption></figure>

Hygiea and 21 Lutetia as conservative heterogeneous candidates.

The spectra of 1 Ceres from observing runs dm04 and sp41 (see Table 1) are consistent with the average spectrum obtained by the Dawn spacecraft (de Sanctis et al. 2018; left panel of Figure 7). However, the spectrum from sp06 deviates from that average.

The area observed during sp06 is centered at longitude 223°, latitude +2°. This region includes region A (longitude 231°, latitude +23°), which is one of the areas where the water

absorption line was detected by the Herschel Space Observatory (Küppers et al. 2014). In region A, the Occator crater with a diameter of ~90 km (longitude 239°, latitude +19°), which is a geologically young crater comprising two very bright areas, is present (De Sanctis et al. 2016). Some spectra of the Cerealia Facula, a very bright spot at the center of the crater and predominantly composed of sodium carbonate (De Sanctis et al. 2016), are in agreement with that of sp06 within the observing uncertainty (Figure 7). In addition, the area observed during the sp06 observation includes four exposed water-rich
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3.** Reflectance spectra of A-type asteroids identified as candidates for surface heterogeneity. There are two types of graphs for 863 and 289: one where the scale of the vertical axis is similar to other graphs and one where the entire spectrum is shown.</figcaption></figure>

areas: B area (longitude 115°, latitude +70°); D area, Juling Crater (longitude 170°, latitude -35°); G area, Ezinu Crater (longitude 200°, latitude +42°); and I area, Baltay Catena (longitude 265°, latitude -48°) (Combe et al. 2019). The averaged spectra of these four water-rich areas agree very well with the sp06 spectrum (Figure 7). Combe et al. (2019) stated that exposed water ice on region A was detected by the Dawn spacecraft. Ciarniello et al. (2017) showed a map of the albedo difference at 2 and 0.55 µm and a three-color map of 2.2, 1.8, and 1.2 µm of 1 Ceres. Inside the region observed during the sp06 observation, there are regions with a blue spectrum (in Figures 14 and 17 in Ciarniello et al. 2017). The total of these areas accounts for approximately 50% of the area observed at the time of the sp06 observation. To summarize, Dawn observations show that about 50% of the surface visible during sp06 correspond to areas with a bluer (and brighter) spectrum than the average Ceres surface, which is consistent with having a bluer ground-based spectrum in sp06 compared to other epochs.

It was reported that 1 Ceres episodically emits water vapor (A'Hearn & Feldman 1992; Küppers et al. 2014). Perna et al. (2015) also reported changes in the visible slope of 1 Ceres and

attributed this to an extended surfacing process occurring from 2012 October to 2013 January. On the other hand, no such phenomenon was confirmed in 2001 when sp06 was conducted. In addition, all detections of water vapor on 1 Ceres corresponded to heliocentric distances of less than 2.72 au (Küppers et al. 2014), while the heliocentric distance of 1 Ceres was 2.89 au during sp06. This suggests that water vapor was not being produced during these observations. However, it cannot be completely ruled out that the emitting water vapor did not occur immediately before the sp06 observation. The released water gas would have adhered to the surface layer and become very thin ice before the time of the sp06 observation. Then, the infrared spectrum would have become a negative slope in slope, which is typical for water ice (e.g., Combe et al. 2016). This may be another factor explaining the blue spectrum in sp06.

Meanwhile, for 2 Pallas and 4 Vesta, surface heterogeneity was not detected in our study. The reasons for nondetection in the case of 4 Vesta are as follows. The two spectra of 4 Vesta are consistent with one another within the uncertainty range of Marsset et al. (2020b). Comparing the band II depth, which is a pyroxene absorption band at 1.95 µm, reveals that the
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4.** Reflectance spectra of Ch/Cgh- and D-type asteroids identified as candidates for surface heterogeneity.</figcaption></figure>

measurement from sp02 (0.25) is deeper than that from sp86 (0.22). Looking at the Dawn spacecraft, it can be seen that the band II depth in the geological area corresponding to sp02 (0.2–0.35) was observed, on average, deeper than that of sp86 (0.15–0.3; De Sanctis et al. 2012), thereby providing additional validity to the spectra used in this study in the case of a good S/N. In addition, the spectral variability from the equatorial to southern regions of Vesta measured by De Sanctis et al. (2013) is smaller than the observational uncertainty of Marsset et al. (2020b). Therefore, it is not surprising that the spectroscopic measurements from sp02 and sp86, which were obtained close to the equatorial and southern regions, agree within the observational uncertainty.

For 2 Pallas, it is possible that this is the same case as 4 Vesta. However, the absence of heterogeneity detection does not necessarily imply that an object's surface is homogeneous.

6 Hebe (Gehrels & Taylor 1977), 25 Phocaea (Groeneveld & Kuiper 1954), and 44 Nysa (Tupieva 2003) were predominantly detected as exhibiting color changes with rotation period in multicolor light-curve observations. Here, using our data set, we identify 25 Phocaea and 44 Nysa as optimistic candidates. Nysa was reported to have small spectral slope variations (Fornasier et al. 2008). In Gaffey et al. (2015), spectral changes

associated with rotation were identified in the case of 354 Eleonora, and this asteroid is also selected as a conservative heterogeneous candidate. Several rotationally resolved spectral observations reported that 21 Lutetia has a heterogeneous surface (Nedelcu et al. 2007; Lazzarin et al. 2010; Perna et al. 2010). Furthermore, Barucci et al. (2012) concluded that the surface of 21 Lutetia is not uniform, based on the results obtained by Rosetta and ground-based observations.

We note two cases—that of 4455 Ruriko (Figure 1) and 5641 McClesse (Figure 2)—where the asteroid spectra acquired at two different epochs exhibit similar shapes up to ~1.4 µm, and then one of the spectra drops steeply with respect to the other. This effect is especially obvious at wavelengths longer than 2 µm. It is possible that slit misalignment is the cause of this spectral discrepancy. However, if the spectrum were normalized to 0.8 µm in Figure 9 in Marsset et al. (2020b), the shorter wavelengths would tend to shift more. The reflectance that does not match only less than 2 µm can be explained by slit misalignment. This suggests that slit misalignment is not the cause of this discrepancy. On the other hand, there are known examples of asteroids showing a similar behavior in the literature, such as 2015 TC25 (Reddy et al. 2016), 6478 Gault, 511684 2015 BN509, and 2001 YM2
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5.** Reflectance spectra of B/C-type asteroids identified as candidates for surface heterogeneity.</figcaption></figure>

(Marsset et al. 2019). It was suggested that these asteroids exhibited a region of their surface lacking fine-grained regolith during the observations. Another example comes from laboratory measurements of the H4 chondrite Ochansk, which also shows a drop in reflectance beyond 1.4 µm as particle size increases (see Hasegawa et al. 2019). These results suggest that 4455 Ruriko and 5641 McCleese are only partially covered with fine regolith. However, as for the rest of our data set, these two objects should be considered only as candidates for surface heterogeneity. This remains to be confirmed by other methods (see Section 7).

Most asteroids with reported surface heterogeneity in previous studies are confirmed to be heterogeneous candidates in our study. Specifically, of the 11 asteroids that were reported to have a heterogeneous surface in the past, three (10 Hygiea, 21 Lutetia, and 354 Eleonora), five (1 Ceres, 3 Juno, 16 Psyche, 25 Phocaea, and 44 Nysa), and three objects (2 Pallas, 4 Vesta, and 6 Hebe) are considered conservative, optimistic heterogeneous candidates, and noncandidates, respectively. This provides confidence that the candidates identified in this study are truly heterogeneous.

In previous studies, surface heterogeneity was detected only in the case of asteroids larger than 100 km in diameter for

which rotationally resolved multicolor data were obtained (see Section 1). In the present study, the optimistic+conservative and conservative candidate's detection rates are 45% and 11%, respectively, for these objects (Figure 8). Meanwhile, tentative heterogeneity detection is also found for objects smaller than 100 km for the first time. In the case of these objects, the optimistic+conservative and conservative candidate rates of heterogeneity of those are 52% and 8%, respectively (Figure 8). Our study therefore suggests that objects smaller than 100 km can be heterogeneous at hemispheric scales, with the smaller candidate for heterogeneity in our sample having a diameter of ~5 km.

Table 2 shows the heterogeneity detection for each asteroidal spectral type. As mentioned earlier, a nondetection does not imply intrinsic homogeneity. Thus, the fractions provided in Figure 8 are lower limits only.

It can be seen that the fraction of optimistic and conservative heterogeneous candidates within A-type asteroids is higher than that of other spectral types.

## 7. Discussion

In this study, surface heterogeneous candidates were identified for asteroids with diameters both larger and smaller
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6.** Distribution of spectral slope variation at 2.4 µm in our data set. Pink: nondetection for surface heterogeneity (66 objects). Gray: optimistic candidates (52 objects). Yellow: conservative candidates (12 objects). Since optimistic candidates and noncandidates for surface heterogeneity are not determined using reflectance differences at 2.4 µm, the value of 1 on the abscissa is intentionally left out.</figcaption></figure>

than 100 km. Since the MITHNEOS spectroscopic data were not optimized for the detection of surface heterogeneity on asteroids, our candidates remain to be confirmed in the future by spectroscopic observations spanning several nights (to sample the whole rotation phase) and epochs (to sample different geometries, e.g., sub-Earth points). Specifically, the observing scheme should consist of repeated observations of (i) the target asteroid, (ii) a nearby solar reference star, and (iii) a second nearby solar “check star” of similar S/N to the asteroids, for which division by the solar reference star should reveal a nearly constant “flat line” for each and every measurement. Ideally, we should also repeat observing the same geometry for confirmation. After such stringent observations (e.g., Nedelcu et al. 2007; Lazzarin et al. 2010; Perna et al. 2010), the surface heterogeneity on asteroids can be securely confirmed.

Another method for detecting surface heterogeneity through point-source observations is to perform polarization observations sampling the whole rotation phase (Degewij et al. 1979). Degewij et al. (1979) showed that 4 Vesta exhibits rotational variation of its polarimetric curve; 20 yr later, spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope imaging of 4 Vesta confirmed surface heterogeneity (Binzel et al. 1997). Similarly, for 16 Psyche, surface heterogeneity was confirmed by polarizational observations (Castro-Chacón et al. 2022) and spatially disk-resolved observations (Ferrais et al. 2020; Cambioni et al. 2022). Ideally, combining the two independent methods, polarimetry and spectroscopy, would provide a higher level of confidence of detecting surface heterogeneity.

However, it is difficult to detect surface heterogeneity in the latitude direction with only a few rotation periods when an asteroid is observed as a point source. Therefore, to confirm heterogeneity detection, the most reliable method is to spatially decompose the asteroid and measure differences in albedo and color across its surface, e.g., by means of integral-field spectrographs.

**A-type asteroids**—As mentioned in Section 6, A-type asteroids have a high abundance of optimistic and conservative heterogeneous candidates compared to other spectral types. Possible reasons are discussed hereafter.

A-type asteroids are considered olivine-dominated asteroids and originated from the mantle of differentiated bodies (e.g., Cruikshank & Hartmann 1984; Sunshine et al. 2007). Most A-type asteroids have very red spectra (e.g., DeMeo et al. 2009, 2019), but olivine-dominated asteroids with an unweath-ered surface (flatter spectra) have been found among NEAs (Reddy et al. 2011; Hasegawa et al. 2018).

We do not observe any predominant change in absorption-band positions in the spectra of A-type asteroids with spectral heterogeneity (Figure 3). In Sunshine et al. (2007), a method for determining the compositional ratios of fayalite/forsterite from observed spectra is presented; they are derived from the band position and band intensity after subtraction of the spectral continuum. Combining Sunshine et al.’s method with this study indicates that there are no compositional differences in the constituent minerals forming the surface layers of A-type asteroids with observed spectral variability (see Appendix C). Yamada et al. (1999) performed space-weathering simulation experiments and showed that the position of absorption bands in peridotite does not change with the degrees of space weathering, but the spectral continuum does. Combining results from these space-weathering experiments with our study indicates that the spectra of A-type asteroids with detected heterogeneity can be explained by the degree of the space-weathering process.

Experiments of Yamada et al. (1999), Sasaki et al. (2001, 2003), Matsuoka et al. (2015, 2020), and Hasegawa et al. (2019) simulating space weathering were conducted on the same experimental and measurement instruments, allowing for direct comparison. The laser irradiation energy and the reflectance at 2.4 µm of the spectrum normalized by 0.55 µm for the olivine (A-type asteroid), ordinary chondrite (S-complex asteroid), and carbonaceous meteorites (Ch/Cgh-type asteroid) derived from these studies are shown in Figure 9. Assuming that laser irradiation energy correlates linearly with the time during which an object was exposed to space weathering, if the two ages of the two spectra of a given asteroid are the same, then the difference in reflectance change at 2.4 µm must be greater for the A-type asteroid than for the S-complex asteroids. In other words, an A-type asteroid spectrally reddens faster than an S-complex asteroid. Therefore, the higher heterogeneity detection rate of A-type asteroids with respect to S-complex may be due to the tendency of these bodies to redden more quickly. Along these lines, Vernazza et al. (2009) showed that olivine-rich asteroids/meteorites are more sensitive to space weathering.

Asteroid surfaces are covered with craters of different sizes and ages. The oldest surfaces of bodies within the 10–100 km size range are known to be a few Gyr old (Table 6 in Bottke et al. 2020). However, in the case of Ch/Cgh-type asteroids, the spectral changes due to space weathering are matured in $10^{3.5}-10^{4.5}$ yr (see next subsection), meaning that no significant spectral change occurs after such a timescale. It is possible that the spectral change in A-type asteroids progressively reaches maturation after $\sim 10^{6.5}$ yr compared to the S-complex asteroids ($\sim 10^{5.5}$ yr; see next subsection). In other words, A-type asteroids would continue to undergo spectral changes relative to space weathering over a longer period of time than asteroids
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

**Figure 7.** Left panel: comparison between the spectra of 1 Ceres obtained in this study and the average spectrum from the DAWN spacecraft (de Sanctis et al. 2018). Middle panel: comparison between the sp06 spectrum of 1 Ceres obtained in this study and spectra of the Occator crater (De Sanctis et al. 2016). Five regions are located in the ~90 km Occator crater on 1 Ceres. Spectra 5 and 1 correspond to the brightest area and dark floor in Occator, respectively. As the numbers in the spectrum become smaller, their reflectances are decreasing (e.g., absolute reflectance values of craters 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 at 1.0 µm are 0.25, 0.13, 0.10, 0.05, and 0.03, respectively). Right panel: comparison between the sp06 spectrum of 1 Ceres obtained in this study and spectra of exposed water-rich areas (Combe et al. 2019).

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

**Figure 8.** Fraction of heterogeneous candidates for each asteroid size and taxonomic type. We emphasize that nondetection does not necessarily imply intrinsic surface homogeneity. Hence, this fraction of heterogeneity candidates is a lower limit. The numbers in the parentheses above the graph indicate conservative heterogeneous candidates/optimistic+conservative heterogeneous candidates/total number.

of other spectral types. On the other hand, the intensity of spectral change for A-type asteroids in response to space weathering may be more than 3 times more variable than for Ch/Cgh-type and S-complex asteroids (see Figure 9). In other words, compared to other spectral type asteroids, A-type asteroids may show a more pronounced change in spectral slope for a similar range of surface ages.

In summary, there are two factors that can cause differences in the spectral slope of asteroids due to space weathering. The first factor is the saturation time of spectral change due to space weathering relative to the difference in surface age. The longer the saturation time due to space weathering, the easier it is to detect the surface heterogeneity. The second factor is the large amount of spectral variation in response to space weathering. Both factors might act in favor of A-type asteroids. This may be due to the fact that olivine, the major mineral in the surface layer of A-type asteroids, reacts more efficiently to space weathering and has a longer saturation timescale with respect to other minerals.

*Age of space weathering*—As mentioned earlier, the space-weathering simulation experiments of Yamada et al. (1999), Sasaki et al. (2001, 2003), Matsuoka et al. (2015, 2020), and Hasegawa et al. (2019) were conducted using a consistent experimental setup and instrument, allowing for direct comparison between measurements obtained for a wide range of materials. Using results from these experiments, space-weathering ages for each asteroid can be estimated.

The space-weathering age of 25143 Itokawa is assumed to be $10^3–10^4$ yr based on previous studies (Noguchi et al. 2014; Matsumoto et al. 2018; Jin & Ishiguro 2022). This estimation does not take into account changes in spectra due to differences in particle size. Both solar wind and micrometeoroid impacts vary by roughly 1 order of magnitude between the near-Earth region and the main asteroid belt (Divine 1993; Jehn 2000). Taking this into account, and assuming one or both of these phenomena are the main cause for spectral changes, the space-weathering age of an S-complex asteroid in the main belt with a reflectivity of 2.4 µm equivalent to that of 25143 Itokawa would be roughly $10^4–10^5$ yr. Based on the range of spectral changes observed among heterogeneous S-complex asteroid candidates (lime area in Figure 9), the lower limit of the space-weathering age is approximately $10^{3.5}$, and the upper limit of the space-weathering age is more than $10^{5.5}$. This range of values overlaps with the obtained space-weathering age range of $10^{5.5}–10^{9.5}$ yr for families of S-complex asteroids in the main belt (Vernazza et al. 2009; Marchi et al. 2012).

Other factors from space-weathering exposure age may explain the spectral slope variability of A-type asteroids. In the case of an A-type asteroid with a high metal content, the olivine content would be relatively low, in which case the spectral reddening due to space weathering would be less. Cloutis et al. (2015) showed the metal content of some A-type asteroids (289 Nenetta: 15%; 354 Eleonora: 20%; 863 Benkoela: 5%; 3819 Robinson: 5%). 354 Eleonora may have a low degree of reddening due to low olivine content. In contrast, the lower degree of reddening in the case of 3819 Robinson, which has the same olivine content as 863 Benkoela, may be due to the fact that the surface is younger than that of 3819 Robinson.

Surface layers of Ch/Cgh-type asteroids in the main belt are roughly $10^{3.5}–10^{4.5}$ yr old when space weathering is mature. This indicates that the surfaces of most of the existing Ch/Cgh-type asteroids have undergone space weathering and that their spectra have reached maturation.
<table><caption>**Table 2**
Candidates of Heterogeneous Surface of Each Type of Asteroid</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Diameter<sup>a</sup><br>(km)</th><th>Geometric<br>Albedo<sup>a</sup></th><th>Number of<br>Times Observed</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>b</sup></th><th>Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>c</sup></th><th>Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>354</td><td>151.3</td><td>0.202</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>863</td><td>32.4</td><td>0.443</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>289</td><td>32.3</td><td>0.267</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3819</td><td>11.1</td><td>0.219</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35925</td><td>4.4</td><td>0.176</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8838</td><td>14.3</td><td>0.237</td><td>2</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>A: 3/5/6</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>495.0</td><td>0.382</td><td>2</td><td>V</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3613</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>V</td><td>Y</td><td>V: 0/1/2</td></tr><tr><td>2234</td><td>9.5</td><td>0.284</td><td>2</td><td>R</td><td>Y</td><td>R: 0/1/1</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>202.9</td><td>0.197</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>142.4</td><td>0.263</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>138.5</td><td>0.234</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>109.2</td><td>0.225</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>346</td><td>95.3</td><td>0.282</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>86.1</td><td>0.207</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>79.2</td><td>0.210</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>69.9</td><td>0.233</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>258</td><td>64.6</td><td>0.170</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>58.7</td><td>0.252</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>58.5</td><td>0.222</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>54.8</td><td>0.197</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>54.0</td><td>0.232</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>51.1</td><td>0.234</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>40.2</td><td>0.217</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>288</td><td>31.2</td><td>0.226</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>793</td><td>27.5</td><td>0.186</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>600</td><td>24.8</td><td>0.243</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3573</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>227.0</td><td>0.228</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>202.3</td><td>0.213</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>192.7</td><td>0.249</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>140.0</td><td>0.225</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>113.8</td><td>0.211</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>111.9</td><td>0.225</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>106.9</td><td>0.257</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>105.8</td><td>0.193</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>94.0</td><td>0.192</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>88.4</td><td>0.229</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>83.8</td><td>0.214</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>83.2</td><td>0.205</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>79.3</td><td>0.200</td><td>3</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>71.9</td><td>0.400</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>60.9</td><td>0.210</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>485</td><td>59.3</td><td>0.246</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>58.1</td><td>0.247</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>46.6</td><td>0.191</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>36.3</td><td>0.263</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2977</td><td>9.1</td><td>0.179</td><td>2</td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>32.9</td><td>0.402</td><td>3</td><td>Sa</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>232.5</td><td>0.242</td><td>3</td><td>Sq</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>34.0</td><td>0.201</td><td>2</td><td>Sq</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>22.0</td><td>0.201</td><td>3</td><td>Sqw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>160.2</td><td>0.265</td><td>2</td><td>Sqw</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>40.3</td><td>0.220</td><td>3</td><td>Sr</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>808</td><td>32.4</td><td>0.213</td><td>2</td><td>Sr</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>24.9</td><td>0.220</td><td>2</td><td>Sr</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1228</td><td>16.2</td><td>0.170</td><td>2</td><td>Sr</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>82.0</td><td>0.250</td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>70.0</td><td>0.201</td><td>3</td><td>Sw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td>28.0</td><td>0.252</td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5401</td><td>9.6</td><td>0.368</td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 2**
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Diameter<sup>a</sup><br>(km)</th><th>Geometric<br>Albedo<sup>a</sup></th><th>Number of<br>Times Observed</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>b</sup></th><th>Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>c</sup></th><th>Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>3873</td><td>7.5</td><td>0.512</td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5641</td><td>5.7</td><td>0.455</td><td>3</td><td>Sw</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>675</td><td>67.7</td><td>0.267</td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>11.2</td><td>0.194</td><td>3</td><td>Sw</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1139</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>Sw</td><td></td><td>S-comp: 2/31/58</td></tr><tr><td>6478</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>Q/S</td><td></td><td>Cometary-like activity</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>247.8</td><td>0.223</td><td>2</td><td>K</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3844</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>L</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td>102.8</td><td>0.182</td><td>2</td><td>L</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>679</td><td>58.4</td><td>0.135</td><td>2</td><td>L</td><td></td><td>K/L: 0/1/4</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>102.1</td><td>0.201</td><td>3</td><td>Xc (X)</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>230.2</td><td>0.151</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>359</td><td>47.3</td><td>0.230</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>135.4</td><td>0.149</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>125.3</td><td>0.138</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>123.7</td><td>0.263</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>85.8</td><td>0.183</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>65.0</td><td>0.319</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>58.2</td><td>0.466</td><td>2</td><td>Xe</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2867</td><td>5.2</td><td>0.300</td><td>2</td><td>Xe</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>73.2</td><td>0.512</td><td>2</td><td>Xn</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4455</td><td>13.8</td><td>0.337</td><td>2</td><td>Xn</td><td>YY</td><td>X<sub>albedo</sub>≥0.1: 3/7/12</td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td>98.5</td><td>0.096</td><td>2</td><td>Xk</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>79.5</td><td>0.066</td><td>2</td><td>Xc</td><td></td><td>X<sub>albedo</sub>&lt;0.1: 0/1/2</td></tr><tr><td>20786</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>Xk/Xn</td><td>Y</td><td>X<sub>albedounknown</sub>: 0/1/1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>505.3</td><td>0.154</td><td>2</td><td>B</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>973.9</td><td>0.087</td><td>3</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>417.8</td><td>0.069</td><td>3</td><td>C</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>200.2</td><td>0.047</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>176.2</td><td>0.059</td><td>3</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>144.3</td><td>0.071</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>122.1</td><td>0.049</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>115.9</td><td>0.046</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>965</td><td>59.5</td><td>0.061</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>264.1</td><td>0.051</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>162.9</td><td>0.053</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>444</td><td>162.8</td><td>0.049</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>688</td><td>43.1</td><td>0.058</td><td>2</td><td>C</td><td></td><td>C/B: 2/8/13</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>154.8</td><td>0.057</td><td>4</td><td>Cgh</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>150.0</td><td>0.087</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>144</td><td>142.3</td><td>0.060</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>130.5</td><td>0.060</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>107.5</td><td>0.076</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1128</td><td>39.5</td><td>0.061</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1300</td><td>29.8</td><td>0.088</td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>706</td><td>29.3</td><td>0.056<sup>d</sup></td><td>2</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>182.0</td><td>0.079</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>301</td><td>53.1</td><td>0.057</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>198.0</td><td>0.064</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>189.8</td><td>0.061</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>176.8</td><td>0.080</td><td>3</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>148.9</td><td>0.060</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>145</td><td>139.0</td><td>0.052</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>156</td><td>120.0</td><td>0.043</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>118.3</td><td>0.035</td><td>3</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>110.5</td><td>0.054</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>92.2</td><td>0.060</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>89.4</td><td>0.045</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 2**
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Diameter<sup>a</sup><br>(km)</th><th>Geometric<br>Albedo<sup>a</sup></th><th>Number of<br>Times Observed</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>b</sup></th><th>Heterogeneity<br>Candidate<sup>c</sup></th><th>Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>66</td><td>71.8</td><td>0.062</td><td>2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>266</td><td>106.9</td><td>0.052</td><td>2</td><td>Ch (B)</td><td>YY</td><td>Ch/Cgh: 1/7/22</td></tr><tr><td>269</td><td>54.4</td><td>0.098</td><td>2</td><td>D</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>322</td><td>70.9</td><td>0.084</td><td>2</td><td>D (X)</td><td>YY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>134.8</td><td>0.053</td><td>2</td><td>T</td><td></td><td>D/T: 1/1/3</td></tr><tr><td>596</td><td>114.6</td><td>0.037</td><td>3</td><td>T (D)</td><td></td><td>Cometary-like activity</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.**

<sup>a</sup> Mean diameters and geometric albedos obtained from IRAS (Tedesco et al. 2002), AKARI (Usui et al. 2011), and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (Masiero et al. 2011).

<sup>b</sup> The Bus–DeMeo taxonomy for this study.

<sup>c</sup> Y: “optimistic” candidates. YY: “conservative” candidates.

<sup>d</sup> An albedo value of 706 was obtained using the new absolute magnitude of 11.4 instead of the old absolute magnitude of 10.5.

## 8. Conclusions

Terrestrial planets such as the Earth, Mars, Mercury, and the Moon have albedo and spectral changes across their surfaces, coming from heterogeneous surface composition. The three largest asteroids, 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta, and asteroids with diameters greater than 100 km, 3 Juno, 10 Hygiea, 16 Psyche, and 21 Lutetia, are also known to display surface heterogeneity at hemispheric scales (see Section 1). Meanwhile, the surface layers of 433 Eros, 101955 Bennu, and 162173 Ryugu, which are less than 20 km in diameter, have been found to be homogeneous at hemispheric scales through spacecraft observations (see Section 1). These results appeared to show that the boundary between homogeneous and heterogeneous asteroid surfaces is located around 100 km, but the possibility of observational bias is very high. To confirm this, it would be necessary to observe MBAs using giant telescopes such as ELT, TMT, and GMT, which are currently under construction and capable of spatially resolving 20–30 km diameter MBAs. In the meantime, we present here a candidate selection of MBAs exhibiting signs of surface heterogeneity using the MITHNEOS database, where observations were made using a self-consistent method over a 20 yr period. Twelve asteroids—10 Hygiea (C), 20 Massalia (S), 21 Lutetia ($X_{p_v} \ge 0.1$), 93 Minerva (C), 266 Aline (Ch), 322 Phaeo (D), 354 Eleonora (A), 359 Georgia ($X_{p_v} \ge 0.1$), 863 Benkoela, 4455 Ruriko ($X_{p_v} \ge 0.1$), 5641 McCleese (Sw), and 35925 1999 JP$_{104}$ (A)—are identified as conservative heterogeneity candidates. Another 52 asteroids fulfill our less stringent criteria, and we consider those as optimistic candidates. The fraction of optimistic+conservative and conservative candidates for MBAs larger than 100 km in diameter are 45% and 11%, respectively. The percentage of optimistic+conservative and conservative heterogeneous candidates for MBAs smaller than 100 km in diameter are 52% and 8%, respectively. Our study implies that there is no size boundary between heterogeneous/homogeneous asteroid surfaces near 100 km. Note that the candidate rate in this study is a lower limit, and it is possible that many more objects actually have surface heterogeneity.

The derived fractions of optimistic+conservative and conservative candidates for A-type, S-complex, $X_{p_v} \ge 0.1$-complex, C/B-type, and Ch/Cgh-type asteroids with heterogeneous surface layers are found to be 83%, 53%, 58%, 62%,

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

**Figure 9.** This figure shows the spectral reddening of meteorite samples in response to laser bombardment as a function of the laser energy level. The vertical axis indicates the reflectance value of the bombarded sample at 2.4 µm after normalization of the spectrum to a value of 1 at 0.55 µm. The horizontal axis corresponds to the laser energy. Data for the olivine, L6 Chateau Renard meteorite, and CM2 Murchison meteorite were taken from Sasaki et al. (2001, 2003), Matsuoka et al. (2015, 2020), and Hasegawa et al. (2019). The olivine spectrum is on the verge of maturation after 150–300 mJ of laser irradiation. As an archetypel of ordinary chondrites, we show the L6 Chateau Renard meteorite because there are a large number of data available for that meteorite. In the case of that meteorite, maturation is reached at an irradiation of 60–80 mJ. A multiplication factor was applied to the results obtained for the chip sample in order to match the results obtained for pellet samples. Data from the CM2 Murchison meteorite were used as carbonaceous chondrites. The spectrum of the Murchison meteorite is in a mature state after 5–10 mJ laser irradiation. The lime area indicates the distribution range of S-complex asteroids with confirmed heterogeneity. The observation uncertainty (gray star) is taken from Marsset et al. (2020b).

Spectral slope variability can be caused not only by space weathering (e.g., Yamada et al. 1999; Lantz et al. 2018) but also by particle size (e.g., Johnson & Fanale 1973; Hasegawa et al. 2019). Note that the ages listed here do not take into account additional spectral variability due to variations in surface grain size, so the ages are only indicative values.
and 32% and 50%, 3%, 25%, 15%, and 5%, respectively. The difference between the heterogeneity candidate rate of A-type and S-complex asteroids suggests that space weathering is the main cause of spectral heterogeneity in these classes of objects.

## Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the referee for the careful review and constructive suggestions, which helped us to improve the manuscript significantly. This work is based on observations collected at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract 80HQTR19D0030 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors acknowledge the sacred nature of Maunakea and appreciate the opportunity to observe from the mountain. F.D. and M.M. were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant

Nos. 80NSSC18K0849 and 80NSSC18K1004 issued through the Planetary Astronomy Program. The work of J.H. has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation through grant 22-17783S and by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union under grant No. 2020-1-CZ01-KA203-078200. M.I. was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (No. 2023R1A2C1006180). D.K. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (No. JP23K03484). This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant Nos. JP20K04055, JP21H01140, JP21H01148, JP22H00179, and JP24K00695) and by the Hypervelocity Impact Facility (former facility name: the Space Plasma Laboratory), ISAS, JAXA.

Facility: IRTF:3.2mIRTF.

Software: IRAF (Tody 1993), IDL.

## Appendix A
### Observational Circumstances

Observation logs of MBAs obtained by MITHNEOS and Vernazza's studies are shown in Tables A1 and A2.

<table><caption>Table A1
Observational Circumstances of MITHMBAs</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional Designation</th><th>Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start Time</th><th>End Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup> (mag)</th><th>R<sub>b</sub><sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th>BD Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Ceres</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T12:15:16</td><td>12:22:40</td><td>7.6</td><td>2.892</td><td>1.911</td><td>6.5</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Ceres</td><td>sp41<sup>b</sup></td><td>2005-05-19T07:35:18</td><td>07:41:34</td><td>7.1</td><td>2.697</td><td>1.707</td><td>5.6</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Ceres</td><td>sp41<sup>b</sup></td><td>2005-05-19T10:09:44</td><td>10:16:01</td><td>7.1</td><td>2.697</td><td>1.708</td><td>5.6</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Ceres</td><td>sp41<sup>b</sup></td><td>2005-05-19T12:00:59</td><td>12:07:19</td><td>7.1</td><td>2.697</td><td>1.708</td><td>5.7</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Ceres</td><td>dm04</td><td>2011-12-01T05:45:59</td><td>05:50:45</td><td>8.8</td><td>2.940</td><td>2.614</td><td>19.3</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Pallas</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T15:27:52</td><td>15:37:12</td><td>9.4</td><td>2.911</td><td>2.443</td><td>19.0</td><td>B</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Pallas</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T14:24:02</td><td>14:28:00</td><td>8.9</td><td>2.684</td><td>2.066</td><td>19.1</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Juno</td><td>sp13</td><td>2002-05-08T05:59:03</td><td>06:25:07</td><td>10.2</td><td>2.657</td><td>2.409</td><td>22.3</td><td>( )</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Juno</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T14:12:47</td><td>14:23:50</td><td>10.6</td><td>3.278</td><td>2.599</td><td>14.3</td><td>Sq</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Juno</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T14:18:45</td><td>14:22:37</td><td>9.9</td><td>2.605</td><td>2.145</td><td>21.2</td><td>( )</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Vesta</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-09T05:15:41</td><td>05:36:50</td><td>7.3</td><td>2.262</td><td>1.898</td><td>22.2</td><td>V</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Vesta</td><td>sp86</td><td>2009-11-18T15:48:34</td><td>15:54:40</td><td>7.9</td><td>2.477</td><td>2.330</td><td>23.5</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Astraea</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T15:23:03</td><td>15:30:29</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.244</td><td>1.721</td><td>24.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Hebe</td><td>sp67</td><td>2008-01-15T12:04:26</td><td>12:09:15</td><td>9.4</td><td>2.534</td><td>1.627</td><td>10.7</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Hebe</td><td>sp68</td><td>2008-03-10T06:33:43</td><td>06:44:17</td><td>9.8</td><td>2.642</td><td>1.799</td><td>13.8</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Iris</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T10:47:54</td><td>10:57:07</td><td>8.0</td><td>2.128</td><td>1.135</td><td>7.3</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Iris</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-20T13:23:07</td><td>13:43:02</td><td>9.3</td><td>2.571</td><td>1.648</td><td>9.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Flora</td><td>sp13</td><td>2002-05-08T06:30:11</td><td>07:09:12</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.430</td><td>2.005</td><td>23.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Metis</td><td>sp75</td><td>2008-10-31T09:53:25</td><td>09:58:07</td><td>8.5</td><td>2.135</td><td>1.147</td><td>3.4</td><td>K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Hygiea</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T10:34:37</td><td>10:49:42</td><td>9.9</td><td>3.155</td><td>2.155</td><td>3.2</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Hygiea</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T05:24:27</td><td>05:56:47</td><td>10.9</td><td>3.314</td><td>2.588</td><td>13.2</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Hygiea</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T10:00:32</td><td>10:02:14</td><td>9.8</td><td>3.120</td><td>2.118</td><td>2.8</td><td>( )</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Parthenope</td><td>sp47</td><td>2005-11-13T12:16:39</td><td>12:24:10</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.513</td><td>1.619</td><td>12.1</td><td>Sq</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Egeria</td><td>sp41</td><td>2005-05-19T05:54:53</td><td>06:05:56</td><td>11.3</td><td>2.459</td><td>1.990</td><td>23.4</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Irene</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T10:05:55</td><td>10:28:45</td><td>10.7</td><td>3.016</td><td>2.049</td><td>6.0</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Irene</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-10-01T15:21:48</td><td>15:29:24</td><td>11.4</td><td>2.737</td><td>2.331</td><td>20.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Eunomia</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T11:44:10</td><td>11:53:23</td><td>8.5</td><td>2.269</td><td>1.364</td><td>14.8</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Eunomia</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T09:21:54</td><td>09:25:26</td><td>9.1</td><td>2.757</td><td>1.787</td><td>4.8</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Psyche</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-09T13:59:50</td><td>14:12:01</td><td>6.3</td><td>2.594</td><td>2.000</td><td>20.3</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Psyche</td><td>sp58</td><td>2007-01-21T14:05:51</td><td>14:26:30</td><td>11.1</td><td>3.191</td><td>2.446</td><td>13.2</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Thetis</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T14:35:41</td><td>14:56:09</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.588</td><td>2.196</td><td>22.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Thetis</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T13:56:13</td><td>14:14:19</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.598</td><td>1.891</td><td>17.7</td><td>( )</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Melpomene</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T07:19:53</td><td>07:42:05</td><td>11.2</td><td>2.712</td><td>2.141</td><td>20.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Fortuna</td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-22T08:32:01</td><td>08:34:14</td><td>9.6</td><td>2.062</td><td>1.113</td><td>10.2</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Fortuna</td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-29T05:59:32</td><td>06:17:37</td><td>11.3</td><td>2.117</td><td>1.781</td><td>27.6</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Massalia</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T13:13:00</td><td>13:37:26</td><td>10.8</td><td>2.736</td><td>1.885</td><td>14.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Massalia</td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T14:24:47</td><td>14:28:40</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.163</td><td>1.659</td><td>25.8</td><td>( )</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Lutetia</td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T13:35:39</td><td>13:47:26</td><td>10.8</td><td>2.173</td><td>1.369</td><td>20.1</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Lutetia</td><td>sp61</td><td>2007-07-20T05:32:41</td><td>06:13:08</td><td>11.1</td><td>2.229</td><td>1.485</td><td>22.0</td><td>( )</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional<br>Designation</th><th>Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start<br>Time</th><th>End<br>Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup><br>(mag)</th><th>R<sub>h</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>21</td><td>Lutetia</td><td></td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T11:30:50</td><td>11:37:54</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.428</td><td>1.444</td><td>1.6</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2012)</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Kalliope</td><td></td><td>sp55</td><td>2006-10-25T13:43:42</td><td>13:55:16</td><td>11.0</td><td>2.616</td><td>1.998</td><td>19.6</td><td>X</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Thalia</td><td></td><td>sp96</td><td>2011-01-06T11:06:31</td><td>11:07:36</td><td>9.3</td><td>2.018</td><td>1.080</td><td>11.5</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Themis</td><td></td><td>sp45</td><td>2005-10-08T05:28:30</td><td>05:42:41</td><td>12.8</td><td>3.533</td><td>2.832</td><td>12.9</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Phocaea</td><td></td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-30T11:22:43</td><td>11:37:45</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.972</td><td>2.106</td><td>10.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Phocaea</td><td></td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-13T15:20:04</td><td>15:27:34</td><td>11.2</td><td>2.302</td><td>1.406</td><td>14.0</td><td>()</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Proserpina</td><td></td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T07:59:21</td><td>08:28:00</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.617</td><td>1.618</td><td>4.4</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Proserpina</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:53:32</td><td>15:02:48</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.692</td><td>2.257</td><td>21.5</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Euterpe</td><td></td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-06-01T05:57:29</td><td>06:25:05</td><td>11.5</td><td>2.365</td><td>1.998</td><td>25.1</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Euterpe</td><td></td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T13:51:18</td><td>13:53:50</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.109</td><td>1.330</td><td>21.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Bellona</td><td></td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-13T14:33:57</td><td>14:49:17</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.374</td><td>1.584</td><td>17.4</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Amphitrite</td><td></td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T15:29:22</td><td>15:41:57</td><td>10.7</td><td>2.649</td><td>2.210</td><td>21.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Amphitrite</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:11:53</td><td>10:17:37</td><td>9.5</td><td>2.682</td><td>1.685</td><td>5.3</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Urania</td><td></td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T????:?c</td><td>???:???:?c</td><td>10.1</td><td>2.067</td><td>1.110</td><td>10.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Urania</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T06:44:03</td><td>06:51:19</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.543</td><td>1.701</td><td>15.7</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Pomona</td><td></td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-30T05:50:06</td><td>06:14:44</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.659</td><td>2.080</td><td>19.5</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Pomona</td><td></td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T07:00:58</td><td>07:21:01</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.771</td><td>1.905</td><td>11.8</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Polyhymnia</td><td></td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T11:40:05</td><td>12:07:52</td><td>14.0</td><td>3.762</td><td>2.811</td><td>5.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Circe</td><td></td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-20T07:37:05</td><td>07:51:11</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.456</td><td>1.781</td><td>19.9</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Atalante</td><td></td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T05:04:37</td><td>05:41:45</td><td>12.6</td><td>1.952</td><td>1.885</td><td>29.7</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Fides</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T13:26:51</td><td>13:49:12</td><td>11.1</td><td>2.494</td><td>1.650</td><td>15.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Fides</td><td></td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-13T15:30:44</td><td>15:38:14</td><td>10.7</td><td>2.201</td><td>1.439</td><td>20.8</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Leda</td><td></td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T10:23:38</td><td>10:39:09</td><td>12.9</td><td>3.152</td><td>2.157</td><td>4.6</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Leda</td><td></td><td>sp100</td><td>2011-06-07T05:52:03</td><td>06:03:49</td><td>13.1</td><td>2.862</td><td>2.125</td><td>16.3</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Laetitia</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T14:48:16</td><td>15:06:03</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.460</td><td>1.848</td><td>21.8</td><td>Sqw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Laetitia</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:42:02</td><td>14:50:38</td><td>10.5</td><td>2.489</td><td>1.916</td><td>22.2</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>Harmonia</td><td></td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T12:15:32</td><td>12:23:08</td><td>9.4</td><td>2.165</td><td>1.174</td><td>3.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Daphne</td><td></td><td>sp70</td><td>2008-05-10T09:08:53</td><td>09:15:12</td><td>9.9</td><td>2.021</td><td>1.124</td><td>17.7</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Daphne</td><td></td><td>sp84</td><td>2009-09-20T09:53:09</td><td>10:00:39</td><td>11.4</td><td>3.081</td><td>2.082</td><td>2.2</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Isis</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T09:38:52</td><td>09:53:58</td><td>9.9</td><td>2.079</td><td>1.084</td><td>7.9</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Ariadne</td><td></td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-22T08:21:09</td><td>08:28:24</td><td>11.4</td><td>2.327</td><td>1.448</td><td>14.1</td><td>Sq</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Nysa</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T12:41:37</td><td>13:17:53</td><td>11.1</td><td>2.783</td><td>1.907</td><td>12.8</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Nysa</td><td></td><td>sp71</td><td>2008-06-11T10:25:12</td><td>10:40:19</td><td>10.6</td><td>2.666</td><td>1.670</td><td>5.3</td><td>Xn</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Eugenia</td><td></td><td>sp79</td><td>2009-03-30T10:40:23</td><td>10:52:08</td><td>11.1</td><td>2.581</td><td>1.614</td><td>7.0</td><td>C</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2012)</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>Aglaja</td><td></td><td>sp98</td><td>2011-04-05T05:06:44</td><td>05:21:07</td><td>13.6</td><td>3.265</td><td>2.863</td><td>17.2</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Doris</td><td></td><td>sp45</td><td>2005-10-08T05:14:26</td><td>05:24:35</td><td>12.4</td><td>3.184</td><td>2.593</td><td>16.1</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>Pales</td><td></td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T08:17:27</td><td>08:35:28</td><td>12.6</td><td>3.124</td><td>2.195</td><td>8.9</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Virginia</td><td></td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T09:00:20</td><td>09:43:05</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.738</td><td>1.838</td><td>12.1</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Virginia</td><td></td><td>sp265</td><td>2020-05-27T09:04:59</td><td>09:29:41</td><td>13.8</td><td>3.077</td><td>2.087</td><td>4.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>Nemausa</td><td></td><td>sp29</td><td>2004-06-14T09:16:11</td><td>09:19:29</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.308</td><td>1.360</td><td>11.8</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>Europa</td><td></td><td>sp52</td><td>2006-06-28T06:30:36</td><td>06:53:19</td><td>11.8</td><td>3.234</td><td>2.604</td><td>15.8</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Alexandra</td><td></td><td>sp19</td><td>2002-10-27T15:18:43</td><td>15:37:06</td><td>13.1</td><td>3.096</td><td>2.558</td><td>17.1</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Alexandra</td><td></td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T12:22:13</td><td>12:49:05</td><td>12.1</td><td>3.090</td><td>2.116</td><td>3.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Alexandra</td><td></td><td>sp259</td><td>2019-10-26T05:58:55</td><td>06:31:36</td><td>11.5</td><td>2.520</td><td>1.602</td><td>10.9</td><td>()</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Pandora</td><td></td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-29T07:06:13</td><td>07:16:35</td><td>11.1</td><td>2.429</td><td>1.492</td><td>9.3</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Pandora</td><td></td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-29T05:43:52</td><td>05:54:02</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.497</td><td>2.162</td><td>23.0</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>Melete</td><td></td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T13:56:49</td><td>14:04:21</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.550</td><td>1.849</td><td>19.0</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>Mnemosyne</td><td></td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-06-01T06:30:35</td><td>07:00:06</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.422</td><td>2.980</td><td>16.4</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>Mnemosyne</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:05:45</td><td>14:15:00</td><td>12.3</td><td>3.026</td><td>2.458</td><td>17.8</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>Concordia</td><td></td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T09:48:14</td><td>10:06:27</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.723</td><td>1.739</td><td>6.6</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>Concordia</td><td></td><td>sp265</td><td>2020-05-27T06:59:18</td><td>07:46:58</td><td>13.2</td><td>2.597</td><td>1.743</td><td>14.7</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>Echo</td><td></td><td>sp259</td><td>2019-10-26T06:41:06</td><td>07:13:50</td><td>13.2</td><td>2.563</td><td>2.098</td><td>21.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Danae</td><td></td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T????:?c</td><td>???:???:?c</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.753</td><td>2.183</td><td>19.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Danae</td><td></td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T12:26:42</td><td>12:32:02</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.604</td><td>1.704</td><td>11.7</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>Erato</td><td></td><td>sp84</td><td>2009-09-20T10:13:18</td><td>10:25:05</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.641</td><td>1.669</td><td>6.9</td><td>C</td><td>Marsset et al. (2016)</td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>Ausonia</td><td></td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-09-30T08:35:12</td><td>08:38:43</td><td>10.5</td><td>2.314</td><td>1.348</td><td>8.6</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Angelina</td><td></td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T15:09:13</td><td>15:20:49</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.455</td><td>2.146</td><td>23.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Angelina</td><td></td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T08:43:31</td><td>09:00:47</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.368</td><td>1.502</td><td>14.3</td><td>Xe</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>Cybele</td><td></td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-09-30T10:06:12</td><td>10:09:44</td><td>11.5</td><td>3.509</td><td>2.509</td><td>1.2</td><td>Cb</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Maja</td><td></td><td>sp46</td><td>2005-10-30T08:44:58</td><td>09:06:57</td><td>12.8</td><td>2.266</td><td>1.438</td><td>17.5</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Maja</td><td></td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-22T06:23:32</td><td>06:32:19</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.241</td><td>1.640</td><td>23.6</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>Asia</td><td></td><td>sp29</td><td>2004-06-15T05:28:43</td><td>05:46:41</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.274</td><td>1.580</td><td>22.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional Designation</th><th>Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start Time</th><th>End Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup> (mag)</th><th>R<sub>h</sub><sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th>BD Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>67</td><td>Asia</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T07:24:46</td><td>07:31:37</td><td>11.0</td><td>1.977</td><td>1.112</td><td>20.3</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Hesperia</td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T05:26:43</td><td>05:40:14</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.659</td><td>2.297</td><td>22.0</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Hesperia</td><td>sp111</td><td>2012-08-28T06:58:01</td><td>07:05:39</td><td>12.5</td><td>3.472</td><td>2.660</td><td>11.4</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>Panopaea</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T14:17:15</td><td>14:49:19</td><td>13.2</td><td>2.777</td><td>2.372</td><td>20.6</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>Feronia</td><td>sp259</td><td>2019-10-26T07:27:17</td><td>07:51:21</td><td>11.7</td><td>2.154</td><td>1.184</td><td>7.7</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>Klytia</td><td>sp26</td><td>2003-10-16T09:21:22</td><td>09:34:51</td><td>12.8</td><td>2.595</td><td>1.653</td><td>9.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>Freia</td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-05T07:10:56</td><td>07:52:13</td><td>13.9</td><td>3.855</td><td>3.039</td><td>9.9</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>Frigga</td><td>sp55</td><td>2006-10-25T08:46:07</td><td>09:27:35</td><td>11.5</td><td>2.370</td><td>1.384</td><td>4.2</td><td>Xe</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>Diana</td><td>sp46</td><td>2005-10-31T05:14:18</td><td>05:24:28</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.857</td><td>2.182</td><td>16.8</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Eurynome</td><td>sp75</td><td>2008-10-31T05:07:26</td><td>05:45:21</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.122</td><td>1.586</td><td>26.3</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>Terpsichore</td><td>sp98</td><td>2011-04-05T09:42:28</td><td>10:00:30</td><td>13.2</td><td>3.124</td><td>2.177</td><td>7.1</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>Alkmene</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T13:06:57</td><td>13:25:07</td><td>13.2</td><td>3.218</td><td>2.287</td><td>8.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>Alkmene</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:29:46</td><td>14:40:06</td><td>13.9</td><td>3.329</td><td>2.721</td><td>15.6</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>Klio</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T12:40:27</td><td>12:53:08</td><td>11.1</td><td>1.822</td><td>0.857</td><td>14.5</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>85</td><td>Io</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T10:12:31</td><td>10:24:46</td><td>10.3</td><td>2.151</td><td>1.176</td><td>10.1</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Semele</td><td>sp17</td><td>2002-09-15T11:06:40</td><td>11:25:45</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.505</td><td>1.603</td><td>12.7</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>Sylvia</td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-04T15:15:31</td><td>15:27:18</td><td>12.9</td><td>3.351</td><td>3.010</td><td>17.2</td><td>X</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td>Thisbe</td><td>sp263</td><td>2020-01-27T06:18:43</td><td>06:34:07</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.968</td><td>2.444</td><td>17.8</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>Antiope</td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-05T06:05:00</td><td>06:16:34</td><td>12.9</td><td>2.671</td><td>2.032</td><td>19.3</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>Undina</td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T14:58:49</td><td>15:02:55</td><td>12.4</td><td>3.184</td><td>2.889</td><td>18.1</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>Minerva</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T08:31:05</td><td>08:57:37</td><td>11.8</td><td>2.629</td><td>1.684</td><td>9.5</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>Aegle</td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-28T07:43:31</td><td>07:53:57</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.950</td><td>2.314</td><td>16.5</td><td>T</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>97</td><td>Klotho</td><td>sp45</td><td>2005-10-08T04:55:38</td><td>05:09:48</td><td>12.9</td><td>2.806</td><td>2.497</td><td>20.7</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td>Dike</td><td>sp47</td><td>2005-11-13T12:45:06</td><td>13:23:49</td><td>14.4</td><td>3.136</td><td>2.311</td><td>11.7</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>Helena</td><td>sp57</td><td>2006-12-22T14:12:33</td><td>14:24:19</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.817</td><td>1.914</td><td>9.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>Hera</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T11:14:30</td><td>11:32:25</td><td>10.8</td><td>2.485</td><td>1.477</td><td>2.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>Hera</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T14:17:49</td><td>14:27:05</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.484</td><td>1.799</td><td>20.5</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>Artemis</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T12:16:50</td><td>12:34:12</td><td>11.8</td><td>2.215</td><td>1.319</td><td>16.0</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>Artemis</td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-09-30T07:20:45</td><td>07:26:53</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.332</td><td>1.515</td><td>17.8</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>Dione</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T11:08:52</td><td>11:26:13</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.936</td><td>1.939</td><td>4.6</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Hecuba</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T13:55:33</td><td>14:23:17</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.074</td><td>2.256</td><td>12.2</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Hecuba</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-05-31T07:57:29</td><td>08:25:31</td><td>13.3</td><td>3.090</td><td>2.393</td><td>15.5</td><td>Sw</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Hecuba</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T14:34:40</td><td>14:53:01</td><td>14.1</td><td>3.410</td><td>3.032</td><td>16.9</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>Lydia</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T15:06:42</td><td>15:24:01</td><td>12.8</td><td>2.946</td><td>2.316</td><td>16.7</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>Lydia</td><td>sp64</td><td>2007-10-02T07:53:33</td><td>08:19:03</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.521</td><td>1.644</td><td>13.6</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>Ate</td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T08:05:36</td><td>08:19:07</td><td>11.8</td><td>2.707</td><td>1.724</td><td>5.3</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>Amalthea</td><td>sp87</td><td>2010-01-17T13:30:19</td><td>13:46:35</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.269</td><td>1.396</td><td>14.6</td><td>Sqw</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>Kassandra</td><td>sp52</td><td>2006-06-28T07:18:37</td><td>09:38:14</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.705</td><td>1.761</td><td>9.9</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>Thyra</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T13:19:53</td><td>13:49:35</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.746</td><td>1.955</td><td>14.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>Lomia</td><td>sp285</td><td>2021-09-09T08:50:07</td><td>09:08:05</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.942</td><td>1.941</td><td>2.8</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>Peitho</td><td>sp102</td><td>2011-09-25T15:21:39</td><td>15:29:20</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.208</td><td>1.279</td><td>12.9</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>Althaea</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T08:37:05</td><td>08:39:30</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.687</td><td>1.777</td><td>11.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>Althaea</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-11T13:53:22</td><td>14:02:37</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.461</td><td>1.621</td><td>16.5</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>Lachesis</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T13:32:39</td><td>13:56:46</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.972</td><td>2.093</td><td>10.4</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>Hermione</td><td>sp99</td><td>2011-04-30T07:23:00</td><td>07:37:20</td><td>13.8</td><td>3.777</td><td>3.529</td><td>15.4</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>Nemesis</td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T09:53:09</td><td>10:15:09</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.821</td><td>1.844</td><td>7.1</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>Nemesis</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T07:21:18</td><td>07:45:38</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.786</td><td>2.022</td><td>16.2</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>Nemesis</td><td>sp263</td><td>2020-01-27T14:04:26</td><td>14:17:20</td><td>12.7</td><td>3.004</td><td>2.269</td><td>14.4</td><td>()</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>Elektra</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T14:54:05</td><td>15:17:06</td><td>13.1</td><td>3.724</td><td>2.983</td><td>11.5</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>131</td><td>Vala</td><td>sp53</td><td>2006-07-20T09:11:53</td><td>09:26:03</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.355</td><td>1.356</td><td>5.9</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>Cyrene</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T10:27:15</td><td>10:49:13</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.659</td><td>1.654</td><td>4.2</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>140</td><td>Siwa</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T14:57:00</td><td>15:25:09</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.675</td><td>2.316</td><td>21.3</td><td>Xc</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>141</td><td>Lumen</td><td>sp91</td><td>2010-05-09T05:21:13</td><td>05:39:35</td><td>14.1</td><td>3.130</td><td>2.788</td><td>18.5</td><td>Ch</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2016)</td></tr><tr><td>142</td><td>Polana</td><td>sp86</td><td>2009-11-18T13:18:26</td><td>14:16:58</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.687</td><td>1.774</td><td>10.0</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>144</td><td>Vibilia</td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T14:03:28</td><td>14:31:21</td><td>13.4</td><td>3.277</td><td>2.657</td><td>15.0</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>145</td><td>Adeona</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T13:27:34</td><td>13:43:05</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.580</td><td>1.813</td><td>16.8</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>147</td><td>Protogeneia</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T11:32:34</td><td>11:52:22</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.052</td><td>2.052</td><td>3.9</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>150</td><td>Nuwa</td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T09:18:06</td><td>09:42:40</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.771</td><td>1.812</td><td>8.4</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>151</td><td>Abundantia</td><td>sp47</td><td>2005-11-13T14:27:05</td><td>14:41:26</td><td>13.9</td><td>2.559</td><td>2.118</td><td>21.9</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>153</td><td>Hilda</td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-10T05:23:51</td><td>05:42:13</td><td>14.4</td><td>4.162</td><td>4.032</td><td>14.0</td><td>X</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>Koronis</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T09:49:41</td><td>10:19:35</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.908</td><td>1.918</td><td>2.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>Koronis</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T08:14:05</td><td>08:29:53</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.784</td><td>1.874</td><td>10.3</td><td>()</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional<br>Designation</th><th>Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start<br>Time</th><th>End<br>Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup><br>(mag)</th><th>R<sub>h</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>160</td><td>Una</td><td></td><td>sp23</td><td>2003-07-05T06:05:13</td><td>06:19:23</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.911</td><td>2.255</td><td>17.4</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>Una</td><td></td><td>sp99</td><td>2011-04-30T07:00:59</td><td>07:19:20</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.727</td><td>2.487</td><td>21.6</td><td>Xc</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>164</td><td>Eva</td><td></td><td>sp281</td><td>2021-05-17T11:49:15</td><td>11:59:56</td><td>13.2</td><td>3.007</td><td>2.030</td><td>6.0</td><td>Xc</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>168</td><td>Sibylla</td><td></td><td>sp279</td><td>2021-01-11T08:56:46</td><td>09:20:59</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.299</td><td>2.356</td><td>5.7</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>170</td><td>Maria</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T11:49:05</td><td>12:12:08</td><td>13.6</td><td>2.711</td><td>1.821</td><td>12.7</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>173</td><td>Ino</td><td></td><td>sp260</td><td>2019-11-03T14:47:35</td><td>14:59:05</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.717</td><td>2.671</td><td>21.2</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>175</td><td>Andromache</td><td></td><td>sp47</td><td>2005-11-13T13:49:18</td><td>14:03:39</td><td>13.5</td><td>3.176</td><td>2.425</td><td>13.3</td><td>Cg</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>176</td><td>Iduna</td><td></td><td>sp292</td><td>2022-04-04T10:34:18</td><td>10:52:36</td><td>13.6</td><td>3.713</td><td>2.717</td><td>1.5</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>Garumna</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T12:53:43</td><td>13:21:25</td><td>14.5</td><td>2.781</td><td>1.841</td><td>8.8</td><td>Sr</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>Garumna</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T11:10:34</td><td>11:28:55</td><td>15.1</td><td>3.177</td><td>2.219</td><td>7.3</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>181</td><td>Eucharis</td><td></td><td>sp25</td><td>2003-10-01T10:23:15</td><td>10:36:27</td><td>12.5</td><td>3.140</td><td>2.187</td><td>6.7</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>187</td><td>Lamberta</td><td></td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T10:55:04</td><td>11:21:55</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.464</td><td>1.523</td><td>9.0</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>188</td><td>Menippe</td><td></td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T14:01:49</td><td>14:31:02</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.528</td><td>1.780</td><td>18.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>191</td><td>Kolga</td><td></td><td>sp38</td><td>2005-04-12T15:20:18</td><td>15:40:13</td><td>14.3</td><td>3.104</td><td>2.415</td><td>15.3</td><td>Cb</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>192</td><td>Nausikaa</td><td></td><td>sp50</td><td>2006-04-30T07:33:06</td><td>07:44:53</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.995</td><td>2.122</td><td>11.4</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>196</td><td>Philomela</td><td></td><td>sp278</td><td>2020-12-10T14:14:38</td><td>14:32:36</td><td>11.8</td><td>3.162</td><td>2.375</td><td>12.4</td><td>Sq</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>199</td><td>Byblis</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T14:29:22</td><td>14:58:47</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.844</td><td>2.110</td><td>15.8</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>200</td><td>Dynamene</td><td></td><td>sp27</td><td>2004-02-18T12:57:17</td><td>13:21:30</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.847</td><td>1.916</td><td>8.2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>201</td><td>Penelope</td><td></td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T08:26:14</td><td>08:36:52</td><td>13.1</td><td>3.070</td><td>2.191</td><td>10.0</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>203</td><td>Pompeja</td><td></td><td>sp279</td><td>2021-01-14T08:51:39</td><td>09:14:35</td><td>12.9</td><td>2.617</td><td>1.753</td><td>12.6</td><td>RR</td><td>Hasegawa et al. (2021b)</td></tr><tr><td>205</td><td>Martha</td><td></td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T08:46:17</td><td>09:04:25</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.775</td><td>1.853</td><td>10.7</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>208</td><td>Lacrimosa</td><td></td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T08:49:50</td><td>09:17:48</td><td>13.1</td><td>2.934</td><td>1.938</td><td>4.3</td><td>S</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>209</td><td>Dido</td><td></td><td>sp290</td><td>2022-01-28T14:55:51</td><td>15:09:31</td><td>13.8</td><td>3.056</td><td>2.721</td><td>18.5</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>210</td><td>Isabella</td><td></td><td>sp47</td><td>2005-11-13T12:03:29</td><td>12:13:52</td><td>12.8</td><td>2.400</td><td>1.478</td><td>10.9</td><td>Cb</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>212</td><td>Medea</td><td></td><td>dm08</td><td>2012-06-06T06:05:18</td><td>06:23:41</td><td>14.3</td><td>3.292</td><td>3.177</td><td>17.9</td><td>X</td><td>Hasegawa et al. (2022b)</td></tr><tr><td>213</td><td>Lilaea</td><td></td><td>sp258</td><td>2019-09-26T12:27:08</td><td>12:37:25</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.799</td><td>1.959</td><td>13.4</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>214</td><td>Aschera</td><td></td><td>sp33</td><td>2004-10-24T04:56:10</td><td>05:31:51</td><td>13.8</td><td>2.647</td><td>1.948</td><td>17.9</td><td>Xn</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>Kleopatra</td><td></td><td>sp15</td><td>2002-06-17T06:54:22</td><td>07:21:17</td><td>12.6</td><td>3.424</td><td>2.607</td><td>11.6</td><td>Xe</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>Kleopatra</td><td></td><td>sp127</td><td>2013-12-07T07:49:01</td><td>09:07:19</td><td>9.8</td><td>1.219</td><td>2.144</td><td>12.1</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>221</td><td>Eos</td><td></td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-08T????:??<sup>c</sup></td><td>???:???:??<sup>c</sup></td><td>12.4</td><td>2.864</td><td>2.050</td><td>13.7</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>226</td><td>Weringia</td><td></td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T14:26:36</td><td>15:03:45</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.575</td><td>1.872</td><td>18.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td>Asterope</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T14:57:28</td><td>15:18:52</td><td>13.2</td><td>2.598</td><td>2.321</td><td>22.6</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>234</td><td>Barbara</td><td></td><td>sp57</td><td>2006-12-22T14:38:13</td><td>14:57:30</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.943</td><td>2.481</td><td>18.5</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>236</td><td>Honoria</td><td></td><td>sp50</td><td>2006-05-01T09:26:17</td><td>10:02:17</td><td>12.8</td><td>3.200</td><td>2.205</td><td>3.4</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>Coelestina</td><td></td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T05:52:28</td><td>06:29:38</td><td>14.8</td><td>2.939</td><td>2.818</td><td>19.9</td><td>Sr</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>Coelestina</td><td></td><td>sp95</td><td>2010-10-27T14:56:19</td><td>15:25:20</td><td>14.5</td><td>2.955</td><td>2.504</td><td>18.7</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>243</td><td>Ida</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T13:08:20</td><td>13:36:13</td><td>14.6</td><td>2.943</td><td>2.106</td><td>12.4</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>Sita</td><td></td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T06:41:46</td><td>07:14:08</td><td>15.9</td><td>2.368</td><td>1.689</td><td>21.1</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>Sita</td><td></td><td>sp69</td><td>2008-04-13T10:59:51</td><td>11:18:03</td><td>14.9</td><td>2.466</td><td>1.465</td><td>1.9</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>244</td><td>Sita</td><td></td><td>sp70</td><td>2008-05-10T08:18:51</td><td>08:48:11</td><td>15.5</td><td>2.455</td><td>1.518</td><td>11.2</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>245</td><td>Vera</td><td></td><td>sp75</td><td>2008-10-31T05:59:06</td><td>06:35:47</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.607</td><td>2.118</td><td>21.2</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>246</td><td>Asporina</td><td></td><td>sp37</td><td>2005-03-09T14:48:54</td><td>15:30:43</td><td>13.1</td><td>2.466</td><td>1.949</td><td>22.3</td><td>A</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>247</td><td>Eukrate</td><td></td><td>sp278</td><td>2020-12-10T15:41:27</td><td>15:55:46</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.568</td><td>2.401</td><td>22.5</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>250</td><td>Bettina</td><td></td><td>sp26</td><td>2003-10-16T13:35:26</td><td>13:44:47</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.903</td><td>1.991</td><td>9.6</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>258</td><td>Tyche</td><td></td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T06:23:12</td><td>06:50:04</td><td>11.6</td><td>2.209</td><td>1.322</td><td>16.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>261</td><td>Prymno</td><td></td><td>sp64</td><td>2007-10-02T11:50:59</td><td>12:05:20</td><td>12.8</td><td>2.491</td><td>1.521</td><td>7.3</td><td>Xk</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>264</td><td>Libussa</td><td></td><td>sp41</td><td>2005-05-19T05:20:36</td><td>05:39:53</td><td>14.2</td><td>2.999</td><td>3.005</td><td>19.4</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>266</td><td>Aline</td><td></td><td>sp44</td><td>2005-09-05T06:22:15</td><td>07:04:42</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.668</td><td>1.984</td><td>18.5</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>267</td><td>Tirza</td><td></td><td>sp24</td><td>2003-08-02T10:46:27</td><td>11:04:32</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.551</td><td>1.545</td><td>3.9</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>268</td><td>Adorea</td><td></td><td>sp84</td><td>2009-09-20T13:14:06</td><td>13:32:26</td><td>13.9</td><td>3.471</td><td>2.710</td><td>12.3</td><td>X</td><td>Marsset et al. (2016)</td></tr><tr><td>269</td><td>Justitia</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T14:30:16</td><td>14:57:59</td><td>15.0</td><td>2.986</td><td>2.494</td><td>18.4</td><td>D</td><td>Hasegawa et al. (2021b)</td></tr><tr><td>269</td><td>Justitia</td><td></td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T14:54:13</td><td>15:12:31</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.094</td><td>1.226</td><td>18.6</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>278</td><td>Paulina</td><td></td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-05-31T06:46:29</td><td>07:14:19</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.398</td><td>1.679</td><td>20.5</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>279</td><td>Thule</td><td></td><td>sp35</td><td>2005-01-08T07:08:24</td><td>07:36:46</td><td>15.2</td><td>4.275</td><td>3.586</td><td>10.3</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>286</td><td>iclea</td><td></td><td>spBus</td><td>2019-03-04T14:46:07</td><td>15:01:58</td><td>14.7</td><td>3.271</td><td>2.756</td><td>16.2</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>288</td><td>Glauke</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T11:25:30</td><td>11:52:53</td><td>14.7</td><td>3.329</td><td>2.358</td><td>5.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>288</td><td>Glauke</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:47:06</td><td>11:04:16</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.602</td><td>1.585</td><td>0.6</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>289</td><td>Nenetta</td><td></td><td>sp01</td><td>2000-09-04T14:46:35</td><td>15:26:35</td><td>13.6</td><td>2.292</td><td>1.672</td><td>23.4</td><td>A</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>289</td><td>Nenetta</td><td></td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-29T05:16:54</td><td>05:41:23</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.459</td><td>2.193</td><td>23.6</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>295</td><td>Theresia</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T05:57:44</td><td>06:25:25</td><td>14.9</td><td>2.785</td><td>2.101</td><td>17.4</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>298</td><td>Baptistina</td><td></td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T08:36:55</td><td>08:55:15</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.051</td><td>1.083</td><td>7.2</td><td>Xe</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>301</td><td>Bavaria</td><td></td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T15:03:56</td><td>15:24:41</td><td>15.1</td><td>2.578</td><td>2.142</td><td>21.9</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional<br>Designation</th><th>Obs.<br>Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start<br>Time</th><th>End<br>Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup><br>(mag)</th><th>R<sub>h</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup><br>(au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup><br>(deg)</th><th>BD<br>Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>302</td><td>Clarissa</td><td>sp233</td><td>2017-07-26T14:57:08</td><td>15:30:43</td><td>15.3</td><td>2.256</td><td>1.907</td><td>26.6</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>Polyxo</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T09:07:04</td><td>09:28:06</td><td>11.8</td><td>2.703</td><td>1.709</td><td>3.4</td><td>T</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>308</td><td>Polyxo</td><td>sp39</td><td>2005-04-18T09:36:58</td><td>09:56:14</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.764</td><td>1.818</td><td>8.6</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>316</td><td>Goberta</td><td>sp93</td><td>2010-09-07T12:35:25</td><td>12:57:15</td><td>14.7</td><td>2.998</td><td>2.085</td><td>9.8</td><td>C</td><td>Marsset et al. (2016)</td></tr><tr><td>322</td><td>Phaeo</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T08:39:13</td><td>09:07:13</td><td>11.8</td><td>2.114</td><td>1.183</td><td>13.4</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>324</td><td>Bamberga</td><td>sp263</td><td>2020-01-27T14:20:39</td><td>14:33:37</td><td>12.9</td><td>3.533</td><td>2.998</td><td>14.6</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>334</td><td>Chicago</td><td>sp107</td><td>2012-04-21T05:23:18</td><td>05:28:09</td><td>13.6</td><td>3.900</td><td>3.025</td><td>8.2</td><td>Xc</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>337</td><td>Devosa</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T07:01:56</td><td>07:31:38</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.504</td><td>1.707</td><td>16.9</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>339</td><td>Dorothea</td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T11:55:00</td><td>12:18:08</td><td>14.0</td><td>3.291</td><td>2.309</td><td>3.4</td><td>L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>344</td><td>Desiderata</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T15:32:30</td><td>15:41:51</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.278</td><td>1.838</td><td>25.0</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>345</td><td>Tercidina</td><td>sp45</td><td>2005-10-08T05:59:09</td><td>06:09:19</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.330</td><td>1.525</td><td>18.1</td><td>Ch</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>346</td><td>Hermentaria</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-05-31T06:07:17</td><td>06:40:00</td><td>12.5</td><td>3.083</td><td>2.513</td><td>17.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>349</td><td>Dembowska</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T14:39:18</td><td>14:54:24</td><td>10.5</td><td>2.814</td><td>2.128</td><td>17.6</td><td>R</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>352</td><td>Gisela</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T06:03:48</td><td>06:36:41</td><td>14.4</td><td>2.505</td><td>1.896</td><td>21.5</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>354</td><td>Eleonora</td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T15:00:38</td><td>15:22:39</td><td>11.5</td><td>2.906</td><td>2.557</td><td>19.9</td><td>A</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>354</td><td>Eleonora</td><td>dm02</td><td>2011-08-08T06:10:13</td><td>06:26:21</td><td>11.5</td><td>2.888</td><td>2.474</td><td>19.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>359</td><td>Georgia</td><td>sp03</td><td>2001-01-30T13:20:18</td><td>13:43:48</td><td>14.3</td><td>3.147</td><td>2.288</td><td>10.3</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>Carlova</td><td>spBus</td><td>2019-03-04T15:28:45</td><td>15:44:36</td><td>14.7</td><td>3.530</td><td>3.331</td><td>16.3</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td>Isara</td><td>sp61</td><td>2007-07-20T14:53:54</td><td>15:21:58</td><td>13.6</td><td>2.094</td><td>1.561</td><td>27.7</td><td>()</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>364</td><td>Isara</td><td>sp64</td><td>2007-10-02T11:36:45</td><td>11:46:06</td><td>11.7</td><td>1.980</td><td>0.990</td><td>6.0</td><td>Sw</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>365</td><td>Corduba</td><td>sp285</td><td>2021-09-12T05:16:24</td><td>05:30:43</td><td>14.6</td><td>2.890</td><td>2.524</td><td>20.0</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>Bohemia</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T07:05:32</td><td>07:34:05</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.580</td><td>1.701</td><td>13.8</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>Bohemia</td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T12:47:50</td><td>13:17:13</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.818</td><td>1.960</td><td>12.6</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>371</td><td>Bohemia</td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T10:35:21</td><td>10:42:52</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.573</td><td>1.557</td><td>0.6</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>377</td><td>Campania</td><td>sp91</td><td>2010-05-09T05:43:05</td><td>05:57:25</td><td>13.9</td><td>2.817</td><td>2.303</td><td>19.6</td><td>Ch</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2016)</td></tr><tr><td>378</td><td>Holmia</td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-14T11:23:01</td><td>11:50:48</td><td>14.3</td><td>3.138</td><td>2.145</td><td>3.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td>Aquitania</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T09:04:30</td><td>09:25:32</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.976</td><td>2.048</td><td>8.4</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>387</td><td>Aquitania</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T07:05:09</td><td>07:28:56</td><td>12.5</td><td>2.884</td><td>2.350</td><td>18.9</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>Industria</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T11:40:38</td><td>11:59:23</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.764</td><td>1.798</td><td>7.7</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>Industria</td><td>sp94</td><td>2010-10-14T12:34:22</td><td>12:38:14</td><td>12.0</td><td>2.757</td><td>1.833</td><td>9.6</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>402</td><td>Chloe</td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-19T09:18:44</td><td>09:40:40</td><td>12.4</td><td>2.285</td><td>1.422</td><td>15.4</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>Cyane</td><td>sp22</td><td>2003-04-27T09:06:30</td><td>09:33:15</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.698</td><td>1.717</td><td>5.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>403</td><td>Cyane</td><td>sp93</td><td>2010-09-06T14:56:23</td><td>15:14:43</td><td>13.9</td><td>2.880</td><td>2.295</td><td>18.4</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>412</td><td>Elisabetha</td><td>sp282</td><td>2021-06-11T06:07:33</td><td>06:25:50</td><td>13.7</td><td>2.655</td><td>1.972</td><td>18.9</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>416</td><td>Vaticana</td><td>sp93</td><td>2010-09-07T14:58:56</td><td>15:19:58</td><td>14.1</td><td>3.397</td><td>3.485</td><td>16.8</td><td>Sw</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>426</td><td>Hippo</td><td>sp277</td><td>2020-11-19T07:19:13</td><td>07:32:51</td><td>14.1</td><td>3.171</td><td>2.619</td><td>16.4</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>434</td><td>Hungaria</td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-23T12:19:08</td><td>12:45:33</td><td>13.1</td><td>1.835</td><td>0.888</td><td>15.9</td><td>Xe</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>438</td><td>Zeuxo</td><td>sp252</td><td>2019-03-18T13:44:30</td><td>14:12:06</td><td>14.0</td><td>2.436</td><td>1.689</td><td>18.7</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>444</td><td>Wyptis</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T06:02:25</td><td>06:37:36</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.725</td><td>2.522</td><td>21.8</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>446</td><td>Aeternitas</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T11:44:24</td><td>12:06:00</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.441</td><td>1.475</td><td>9.2</td><td>A</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>453</td><td>Tea</td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T11:47:22</td><td>12:22:31</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.208</td><td>1.236</td><td>9.9</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>455</td><td>Bruchsalia</td><td>sp283</td><td>2021-07-05T05:53:58</td><td>06:04:38</td><td>14.2</td><td>2.878</td><td>2.450</td><td>20.0</td><td>Xc</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>456</td><td>Abnoba</td><td>sp15</td><td>2002-06-17T06:08:50</td><td>06:38:44</td><td>13.4</td><td>2.300</td><td>1.755</td><td>24.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>460</td><td>Scania</td><td>sp15</td><td>2002-06-17T08:00:14</td><td>08:28:11</td><td>14.7</td><td>2.775</td><td>1.774</td><td>4.5</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>485</td><td>Genua</td><td>sp10</td><td>2002-03-06T12:52:43</td><td>13:14:45</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.595</td><td>1.727</td><td>13.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>Taurinensis</td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T12:30:35</td><td>12:53:10</td><td>13.7</td><td>1.840</td><td>1.209</td><td>30.0</td><td>Sqw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>512</td><td>Taurinensis</td><td>sp32</td><td>2004-10-16T13:24:48</td><td>14:06:55</td><td>13.7</td><td>1.840</td><td>1.208</td><td>30.0</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>513</td><td>Centesima</td><td>sp05</td><td>2001-03-29T13:21:17</td><td>13:53:39</td><td>15.1</td><td>3.258</td><td>2.510</td><td>13.3</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>Herculina</td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T07:02:02</td><td>07:17:06</td><td>9.9</td><td>2.382</td><td>1.763</td><td>22.7</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>Herculina</td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T10:05:47</td><td>10:24:22</td><td>10.2</td><td>3.085</td><td>2.094</td><td>4.7</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>532</td><td>Herculina</td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T10:22:51</td><td>10:28:11</td><td>10.2</td><td>2.987</td><td>2.059</td><td>7.7</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>534</td><td>Nassovia</td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T08:59:03</td><td>09:17:23</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.818</td><td>1.834</td><td>1.6</td><td>S</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>538</td><td>Friederike</td><td>sp248</td><td>2018-12-02T13:05:47</td><td>13:18:42</td><td>14.2</td><td>3.019</td><td>2.154</td><td>10.6</td><td>X</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>566</td><td>Stereoskopia</td><td>sp279</td><td>2021-01-11T10:55:25</td><td>11:13:24</td><td>12.8</td><td>3.316</td><td>2.337</td><td>1.9</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>570</td><td>Kythera</td><td>sp28</td><td>2004-02-19T11:50:37</td><td>12:46:29</td><td>14.4</td><td>3.760</td><td>2.817</td><td>5.2</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>579</td><td>Sidonia</td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-20T08:53:14</td><td>09:17:43</td><td>12.9</td><td>3.255</td><td>2.384</td><td>9.6</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>584</td><td>Semiramis</td><td>sp65</td><td>2007-11-12T10:37:22</td><td>10:44:53</td><td>10.6</td><td>1.929</td><td>0.963</td><td>9.1</td><td>Sw</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>596</td><td>Scheila</td><td>sp14</td><td>2002-06-01T09:36:36</td><td>09:49:55</td><td>11.7</td><td>2.446</td><td>1.432</td><td>0.4</td><td>T</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>596</td><td>Scheila</td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T09:21:44</td><td>09:40:04</td><td>13.4</td><td>3.021</td><td>2.075</td><td>6.4</td><td>D</td><td>Hasegawa et al. (2022a)</td></tr><tr><td>596</td><td>Scheila</td><td>sp292</td><td>2022-04-04T14:23:51</td><td>14:34:31</td><td>13.2</td><td>2.463</td><td>1.789</td><td>20.3</td><td>D</td><td>Hasegawa et al. (2022b)</td></tr><tr><td>599</td><td>Luisa</td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-19T08:30:42</td><td>08:55:11</td><td>14.1</td><td>3.211</td><td>2.538</td><td>14.6</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>600</td><td>Musa</td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T13:57:42</td><td>14:13:40</td><td>14.5</td><td>2.693</td><td>1.873</td><td>15.1</td><td>S</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A1
(Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Name</th><th>Provisional Designation</th><th>Obs. Run<sup>a</sup></th><th>Start Time</th><th>End Time</th><th>V<sup>a</sup> (mag)</th><th>R<sub>h</sub><sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>Δ<sup>a</sup> (au)</th><th>α<sup>a</sup> (deg)</th><th>BD Tax.<sup>a</sup></th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>606</td><td>Brangane</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T13:23:52</td><td>13:51:15</td><td>13.9</td><td>2.073</td><td>1.460</td><td>26.3</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>617</td><td>Patroclus</td><td></td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T05:52:21</td><td>06:31:52</td><td>16.5</td><td>5.827</td><td>5.872</td><td>9.9</td><td>X</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2012)</td></tr><tr><td>625</td><td>Xenia</td><td></td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-20T07:32:53</td><td>08:00:35</td><td>15.2</td><td>3.050</td><td>2.408</td><td>15.9</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>Philippina</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T10:16:44</td><td>10:46:08</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.959</td><td>1.990</td><td>5.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>631</td><td>Philippina</td><td></td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T10:17:25</td><td>10:35:46</td><td>13.3</td><td>3.019</td><td>2.094</td><td>9.4</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>636</td><td>Erika</td><td></td><td>dm08</td><td>2012-06-06T06:33:24</td><td>07:01:12</td><td>15.3</td><td>3.207</td><td>2.788</td><td>17.8</td><td>X</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>653</td><td>Berenike</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T06:55:34</td><td>07:23:12</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.907</td><td>2.163</td><td>15.1</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>661</td><td>Cloelia</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T13:20:31</td><td>13:48:13</td><td>14.5</td><td>2.965</td><td>2.232</td><td>15.0</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>670</td><td>Ottegebe</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T09:14:21</td><td>09:40:45</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.270</td><td>1.277</td><td>4.6</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>673</td><td>Edda</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T07:39:47</td><td>08:12:25</td><td>15.0</td><td>2.825</td><td>2.127</td><td>17.3</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>675</td><td>Ludmilla</td><td></td><td>sp12</td><td>2002-04-15T05:22:43</td><td>05:46:38</td><td>12.9</td><td>2.609</td><td>2.360</td><td>22.6</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>679</td><td>Pax</td><td></td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-19T14:02:06</td><td>14:25:08</td><td>14.2</td><td>3.263</td><td>2.455</td><td>11.6</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>679</td><td>Pax</td><td></td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T14:03:13</td><td>14:21:36</td><td>14.6</td><td>3.359</td><td>2.700</td><td>14.2</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>688</td><td>Melanie</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T08:32:08</td><td>08:59:52</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.373</td><td>1.485</td><td>14.2</td><td>C</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>694</td><td>Ekard</td><td></td><td>sp293</td><td>2022-05-01T14:10:00</td><td>14:48:00</td><td>16.4</td><td>3.148</td><td>2.197</td><td>5.5</td><td>Ch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>699</td><td>Hela</td><td></td><td>sp35</td><td>2005-01-08T09:30:07</td><td>09:59:43</td><td>16.4</td><td>3.148</td><td>2.197</td><td>5.5</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>706</td><td>Hirundo</td><td></td><td>sp48</td><td>2005-11-29T07:24:14</td><td>08:03:47</td><td>14.5</td><td>2.431</td><td>1.501</td><td>9.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>706</td><td>Hirundo</td><td></td><td>sp49</td><td>2006-01-30T05:22:45</td><td>05:59:30</td><td>15.7</td><td>2.555</td><td>2.108</td><td>21.8</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>716</td><td>Berkeley</td><td></td><td>sp08</td><td>2001-08-24T14:13:07</td><td>15:10:04</td><td>15.5</td><td>3.024</td><td>2.113</td><td>10.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>Bohlinia</td><td></td><td>sp02</td><td>2000-10-09T???:??:?</td><td></td><td>14.7</td><td>2.876</td><td>2.313</td><td>18.4</td><td>Sq</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>Bohlinia</td><td></td><td>sp97</td><td>2011-02-07T06:00:16</td><td>06:23:29</td><td>14.4</td><td>2.858</td><td>2.149</td><td>15.9</td><td>()</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>729</td><td>Watsonia</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T13:13:09</td><td>13:45:46</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.945</td><td>2.114</td><td>13.3</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>733</td><td>Mocia</td><td></td><td>sp290</td><td>2022-01-28T14:25:45</td><td>14:44:03</td><td>14.9</td><td>3.210</td><td>2.810</td><td>17.2</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>739</td><td>Mandeville</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T15:01:07</td><td>15:28:48</td><td>13.8</td><td>2.863</td><td>2.546</td><td>20.3</td><td>Xc</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>742</td><td>Edisona</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T13:52:39</td><td>14:20:21</td><td>14.8</td><td>3.295</td><td>2.482</td><td>11.5</td><td>K</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>747</td><td>Winchester</td><td></td><td>sp290</td><td>2022-01-28T13:46:30</td><td>13:58:02</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.126</td><td>2.381</td><td>13.6</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>762</td><td>Pulcova</td><td></td><td>sp85</td><td>2009-10-25T12:14:04</td><td>12:32:24</td><td>13.0</td><td>3.160</td><td>2.211</td><td>6.4</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>773</td><td>Irmintraud</td><td></td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T09:37:05</td><td>09:56:21</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.735</td><td>1.756</td><td>5.7</td><td>T</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>776</td><td>Berbericia</td><td></td><td>sp38</td><td>2005-04-12T10:56:03</td><td>11:15:09</td><td>12.8</td><td>3.353</td><td>2.499</td><td>10.4</td><td>Cgh</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>782</td><td>Montefiore</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-22T06:41:42</td><td>07:14:22</td><td>15.1</td><td>2.142</td><td>1.566</td><td>26.4</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>785</td><td>Zwetana</td><td></td><td>sp41</td><td>2005-05-19T06:19:59</td><td>06:29:17</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.044</td><td>1.139</td><td>17.0</td><td>Cb</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>789</td><td>Lena</td><td></td><td>sp16</td><td>2002-08-17T06:53:50</td><td>07:26:25</td><td>15.4</td><td>2.292</td><td>1.690</td><td>23.9</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>793</td><td>Arizona</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T11:58:14</td><td>12:25:55</td><td>13.7</td><td>2.490</td><td>1.525</td><td>7.9</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>793</td><td>Arizona</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T06:15:23</td><td>06:33:44</td><td>15.5</td><td>2.885</td><td>2.474</td><td>20.0</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>808</td><td>Merxia</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T12:31:05</td><td>13:03:39</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.812</td><td>1.954</td><td>13.2</td><td>Sr</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>808</td><td>Merxia</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T14:12:29</td><td>14:30:50</td><td>14.8</td><td>2.889</td><td>2.282</td><td>18.3</td><td>()</td><td>Marsset et al. (2024)</td></tr><tr><td>810</td><td>Atossa</td><td></td><td>sp263</td><td>2020-01-28T14:17:54</td><td>14:45:26</td><td>16.6</td><td>2.555</td><td>1.735</td><td>14.9</td><td>Sw</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>824</td><td>Anastasia</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-14T07:46:48</td><td>08:30:56</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.431</td><td>1.529</td><td>13.8</td><td>L</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>845</td><td>Naema</td><td></td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T14:32:31</td><td>15:00:16</td><td>15.5</td><td>2.998</td><td>2.489</td><td>18.0</td><td>Cgh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>847</td><td>Agnia</td><td></td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-19T09:45:16</td><td>10:09:45</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.820</td><td>1.846</td><td>4.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>854</td><td>Frostia</td><td></td><td>sp99</td><td>2011-04-30T13:10:22</td><td>13:28:42</td><td>14.4</td><td>2.032</td><td>1.082</td><td>13.0</td><td>V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>863</td><td>Benkoela</td><td></td><td>sp09</td><td>2002-01-14T06:46:20</td><td>07:14:56</td><td>14.6</td><td>3.299</td><td>2.697</td><td>15.0</td><td>A</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>863</td><td>Benkoela</td><td></td><td>sp76</td><td>2008-12-03T14:54:26</td><td>15:12:46</td><td>14.8</td><td>3.160</td><td>2.926</td><td>18.1</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>908</td><td>Buda</td><td></td><td>sp53</td><td>2006-07-20T07:01:02</td><td>07:39:46</td><td>15.2</td><td>2.808</td><td>1.968</td><td>14.0</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>913</td><td>Otila</td><td></td><td>sp07</td><td>2001-08-15T13:57:19</td><td>14:29:54</td><td>15.2</td><td>2.022</td><td>1.282</td><td>24.8</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>Alphonsina</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-28T07:58:34</td><td>08:22:31</td><td>12.9</td><td>2.897</td><td>2.041</td><td>12.3</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>925</td><td>Alphonsina</td><td></td><td>sp102</td><td>2011-09-25T06:56:54</td><td>07:08:39</td><td>12.7</td><td>2.877</td><td>1.960</td><td>9.8</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>929</td><td>Algunde</td><td></td><td>sp06</td><td>2001-06-21T10:10:35</td><td>10:35:41</td><td>13.5</td><td>1.993</td><td>0.979</td><td>3.1</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>939</td><td>Isberga</td><td></td><td>sp101</td><td>2011-08-22T13:32:36</td><td>13:50:57</td><td>15.2</td><td>1.887</td><td>1.194</td><td>28.4</td><td>Sq</td><td>Carry et al. (2015)</td></tr><tr><td>944</td><td>Hidalgo</td><td></td><td>sp31</td><td>2004-09-22T12:25:28</td><td>13:21:19</td><td>14.3</td><td>2.283</td><td>1.455</td><td>17.9</td><td>D</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>Gretia</td><td></td><td>sp17</td><td>2002-09-16T08:57:40</td><td>09:19:00</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.257</td><td>1.318</td><td>11.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>Gretia</td><td></td><td>sp18</td><td>2002-09-29T10:52:27</td><td>11:18:51</td><td>11.9</td><td>2.258</td><td>1.280</td><td>7.3</td><td>Sa</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>984</td><td>Gretia</td><td></td><td>sp92</td><td>2010-07-12T05:50:32</td><td>06:09:47</td><td>14.7</td><td>3.172</td><td>2.797</td><td>18.3</td><td>()</td><td>Vernazza et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>985</td><td>Rosina</td><td></td><td>sp40</td><td>2005-05-11T10:36:41</td><td>11:15:50</td><td>16.3</td><td>2.546</td><td>1.553</td><td>5.5</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1015</td><td>Christa</td><td></td><td>sp290</td><td>2022-01-28T14:02:28</td><td>14:20:44</td><td>14.7</td><td>3.341</td><td>2.679</td><td>14.0</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1020</td><td>Arcadia</td><td></td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-17T08:22:58</td><td>08:59:44</td><td>16.4</td><td>2.737</td><td>1.865</td><td>12.2</td><td>Sr</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1021</td><td>Flammario</td><td></td><td>sp89</td><td>2010-03-17T12:22:44</td><td>12:37:06</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.994</td><td>2.060</td><td>7.9</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1065</td><td>Amundsenia</td><td>1926 PD</td><td>sp37</td><td>2005-03-08T12:08:36</td><td>13:04:10</td><td>16.2</td><td>2.840</td><td>1.878</td><td>6.0</td><td>S</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1076</td><td>Viola</td><td>1926 TE</td><td>sp91</td><td>2010-05-09T09:49:28</td><td>10:21:49</td><td>16.1</td><td>2.654</td><td>1.691</td><td>8.2</td><td>C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1094</td><td>Siberia</td><td>1926 CB</td><td>sp21</td><td>2003-03-16T05:42:33</td><td>06:22:27</td><td>15.9</td><td>2.225</td><td>1.781</td><td>25.8</td><td>Xk</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1126</td><td>Otero</td><td>1929 AC</td><td>sp04</td><td>2001-02-20T08:21:49</td><td>08:49:31</td><td>14.6</td><td>1.941</td><td>1.111</td><td>21.1</td><td>Sw</td><td>DeMeo et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>1139</td><td>Atami</td><td>1929 XE</td><td>sp29</td><td>2004-06-15T06:58:10</td><td>07:55:52</td><td>16.7</td><td>2.425</td><td>1.733</td><td>20.9</td><td>()</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>