172. A. Bastianin, M. Florio, *LHC upgrade brings benefits beyond physics* (CERN Courier, 2018). https://cern courier.com/ a/lhc-upgrade-brings-benefits-beyond-physics

173. F. Giffoni, M. Florio, Public support of science: a contingent valuation study of citizens' attitudes about CERN with and without information about implicit taxes. Res. Policy 52(1), 104627 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104627

174. K. Petrinoli, S. Mirasgedis, N. Mihalopoulos, et al., The impact of actris on society: outcome of a contingent valuation study. ACTRIS Website (2023). https://www.actris.eu/sites/default/files/Documents/ACTRIS%20IMP/Deliverables/ACTRIS%20IMP_WP3_D3.3_The%20impact%20of%20ACTRIS%20on%20society%20-%20outcome%20of%20a%20Contingent%20Valuation%20study.pdf

175. European Commission, *Better Regulation Toolbox* (2023). https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox/better-regulation-toolbox_en. Accessed: 2025-02-07

176. L. Secci, The value of particle physics research at CERN as public good (2023). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7766949

177. R.J. Johnston, J. Rolfe, R.S. Rosenberger, et al., Introduction to benefit transfer methods (Springer, Dordrecht, 2015), pp. 19–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9930-0_2

178. T. Camporesi, G. Catalano, M. Florio, et al., Experiential learning in high energy physics: a survey of students at the LHC. Eur. J. Phys. 38(2), 025703 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa5121

179. R. Crescenzi, G. Piazza, Recommendations to increase the socio-economic impact of the Future Circular Collider for member states (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13166167

180. CSIL, Assessing scientific knowledge creation and dissemination in an open science world: evidence from the CERN experiments (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13920183

181. V. Morretta, D. Vurchio, S. Carrazza, The socio-economic value of scientific publications: the case of Earth observation satellites. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 180, 121730 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121730

182. J. Gutleber, P. Charitos (eds.), From science to society: the open science and innovation and network approach (Springer, Cham, 2025), pp. 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_1

183. E. Griniece, J. Angelis, A. Reid, et al., *Guidebook for Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Research Infrastructures* (2020). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3950043

184. P. Castelnovo, M. Florio, S. Forte, et al., The economic impact of technological procurement for large-scale research infrastructures: evidence from the large hadron collider at cern. Res. Policy 47(9), 1853–1867 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.06.018

185. M. Florio, E. Sirtori, Social benefits and costs of large scale research infrastructures. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 112, 65–78 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.024

186. M. Florio, F. Giffoni, A. Giunta, et al., Big science, learning, and innovation: evidence from CERN procurement. Ind. Corp. Change 27(5), 915–936 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty029

187. E. Autio, A.P. Hameri, O. Vuola, A framework of industrial knowledge spillovers in big-science centers. Res. Policy 33(1), 107–126 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00105-7

188. M. Nordberg, A. Campbell, A. Verbeke, Using customer relationships to acquire technological innovation: a value-chain analysis of supplier contracts with scientific research institutions. J. Bus. Res. 56(9), 711–719 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00256-9. Interorganizational Relationships and Networks

189. E. Sirtori, G. Catalano, F. Giffoni, et al., *Impact of CERN Procurement Actions on Industry: 28 Illustrative Success Stories* (CERN, Geneva, 2019). https://cds.cern.ch/record/2670056

190. R. Crescenzi, G. Piazza, How to measure the local economic impact of large research infrastructure procurement (Springer, Cham, 2025), pp. 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_11

191. E. Moretti, Local multipliers. Am. Econ. Rev. 100(2), 373–377 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.2.373

192. M. Florio, S. Forte, E. Sirtori, Forecasting the socio-economic impact of the large hadron collider: a cost–benefit analysis to 2025 and beyond. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 112, 38–53 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.007

193. G. del Crespo, I. Rosario, M. Loureiro García, et al., The value of a collaborative platform in a global project. The Indico case study (Springer, Cham, 2025), pp. 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_13

194. G. del Crespo, I. Rosario, M. Loureiro García, et al., the value of an open scientific data and documentation platform in a global project: the case of Zenodo (Springer, Cham, 2025), pp. 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_14

195. G. del Crespo, I. Rosario, M. Loureiro García, et al., The value of open science at CERN: an analysis based on a travel cost model (Springer, Cham, 2025), pp. 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_5

196. U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA Texas economic snapshot (2024). https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/economic-data/nasa/snapshot.php. https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/economic-data/nasa/docs/snapshot.pdf

197. D. Weaver, Celestial ecotourism: new horizons in nature-based tourism. Journal of Ecotourism 10(1), 38–45 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/14724040903576116

198. L. van Wyk-Jacobs, Astro-tourism as a catalyst for rural route development. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa (2018). http://hdl.handle.net/2263/70036. PhD Thesis

199. F. Blekman, A. Cardini, L.X.C. Saravia, Crowd-sourced particle physics stories from DESY-CMS, in *42nd International Conference on High Energy Physics - ICHEP2024* (2024). https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04967. arXiv:2410.04967 [physics.soc-ph]
200. Swiss Confederation, Plotschaft zur Änderung des bundesgesetzes über die förderung der forschung und der innovation (sachplan und plangenehmigungsverfahren). Fedlex. Die Publikationsplattform des Bundesrechtes (2024). https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/fga/2024/532

201. République française. Loi n° 2021-1104 du 22 août 2021 portant lutte contre le dérèglement climatique et renforcement de la résilience face à ses effets. Légifrance (2024). https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000043956924

202. European Commission, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the governance of the energy union and climate action. EUR-Lex European Union law site (2018). http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1999/oj

203. G. Alligand, S. Hubert, T. Legendre, et al., Évaluation environnementale. Guide d'aide à la définition des mesures énergétiques. Ministère de la transition écologique et solidaire (2018). https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/publications/Th%C3%A9ma%20%20Guide%20d%E2%80%99aide%20%C3%A0%20la%20d%C3%A9finition%20des%20mesures%20ERC.pdf

204. Office fédéral du développement territorial (ARE). Plan sectoriel des surfaces d'assolement (sda) (2020). https://www.are.admin.ch/dam/are/fr/dokumente/raumplanung/dokumente/bericht/b1-sachplan-fruchtfolgeflachen-08052020.pdf/download.pdf/b1-plan-sectoriel-des-surfaces-dassolement-08052020.pdf. Consulté en Mars 2025

205. Office fédéral de l'environnement OFEV. Compensation écologique BAFU/OFEV website (2022). https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/fr/home/themes/biodiversite/info-specialistes/utilisation-durable-de-la-biodiversite/compensation-ecologique.html

206. Swiss Confederation, Federal Act on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage. Fedlex. The publication platform for federal law (1966). https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1966/1637_1694_1679/en

207. A. Bastianin, P. Castelnovo, M. Florio, et al., Technological learning and innovation gestation lags at the frontier of science (2019). From cern procurement to patent. https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09552

208. E. Sirtori, G. Catalano, F. Giffoni, et al., *Impact of CERN Procurement Actions on Industry: 28 Illustrative Success Stories* (CERN, Geneva, 2019). https://cds.cern.ch/record/2670056

209. CERN, Knowledge transfer centre at CERN (2000). https://kt.cern/

210. DESY, Knowledge transfer centre at DESY (2000). https://innovation.desy.de

211. INFN, Knowledge transfer centre at INFN (2000). https://web.infn.it/TechTransfer/

212. FNAL, Knowledge transfer centre at FNAL (2000). https://partnerships.fnal.gov/

213. SESAME, SESAME, Synchrotron light for experimental science in the Middle East (2003). https://www.sesame.org.jo

214. ESFRI, Guidelines on Cost Estimation of Research Infrastructures (ESFRI, 2019). https://www.esfri.eu/latest-esfri-news/new-study-guidelines-cost-estimation-research-infrastructures-str-esfri

215. European Commission, Commission notice — technical guidance on the climate proofing of infrastructure in the period 2021-2027. Tech. Rep. 373 (2021). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021XC0916(03)

216. United Nations, Paris Agreement. United Nations Treaty Collection (2015). https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement

217. T. ten Raa, *Input-Output Economics: Theory and Applications* (World Scientific, Singapore, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1142/6968

218. R. Johnston, K. Boyle, W. Adamowicz, et al., Contemporary guidance for stated preference studies. J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. 4(2), 319–405 (2017). https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ucp:jaerec:doi:10.1086/691697

219. D. Pearce, G. Atkinson, S. Mourato, *Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Recent Developments* (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264010055-en

220. OECD, *Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Further Developments and Policy Use* (OECD Publishing, Paris, 2018). https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/cost-benefit-analysis-and-the-environment_9789264085169-en.html

221. E. Quinet, L'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics. Tech. Rep., HAL (2014). https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01059484v1

222. HM Treasury and Government Finance Function, HM Treasury guidance on how to appraise and evaluate policies, projects and programmes. The 'green book' (2024). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-green-book-appraisal-and-evaluation-in-central-government

223. D. Sartori, G. Catalano, M. Genco, et al., *Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects. Economic appraisal tool for cohesion policy 2014-2020* (European Commission: Regional and Urban Policy, 2014). https://doi.org/10.2776/97516

224. M. Krogerus, R. Tschäppeler, J. Piening, *The Decision Book: Fifty Models for Strategic Thinking*, 1st American edn. (Norton, New York, 2012), p. 173

225. T. O'Mahony, Cost-benefit analysis and the environment: the time horizon is of the essence. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. **89**, 106587 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106587

226. CERN environment report 2021-2022 - GRI content index (2023). https://hse.cern/environment-report-2021-2022/gri-content-index

227. Meta Meta sustainability report (2024). https://sustainability.atmeta.com/2024-sustainability-report/

228. European Investment Bank, *The Economic Appraisal of Investment Projects at the EIB, March 2023*, 2nd edn. (Publications Office of the European Union, 2022). https://doi.org/10.2867/076767

229. Gesellschaftliche Kosten von Umweltbelsatungen. Web site of UBA (2024). https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/umwelt-wirtschaft/gesellschaftliche-kosten-von-umweltbelastungen#gesamtwirtschaftliche-bedeutung-der-umweltkosten
230. Department for Energy Security & Net Zero. Valuation of greenhouse gas emissions: for policy appraisal and evaluation (2021). https://www.gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/valuing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-policy-appraisal/valuation-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-for-policy-appraisal-and-evaluation

231. National Center for Environmental, Economics, Climate Change Division, Report on the social cost of greenhouse gases: Estimates incorporating recent scientific advances. Tech. Rep, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2023). https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/scghg

232. European Commission, *Better Regulation Guidelines* (2021). https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_en. SWD(2021) 305 final

233. J. Catalano, M. Da Col, M. Genco, et al., Complementary socio-economic impact analysis of the lepton collider-based research infrastructure. Updated assumptions, input data, results and calculations (2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14905017

234. F. Bent, B. Nils, R. Werner, Megaprojects and risk: an anatomy of ambition. Int. J. Public Sect. Manag. **17**, 275–277 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550410530199

235. B. Flyvbjerg, in *The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research* ed. by N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln, pp. 301–316. (Sage, Thousand Oaks, 2011), Chap. 17

236. B. Flyvbjerg, What you should know about megaprojects and why: an overview. Proj. Manag. J. **45** (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21409

237. G. Streicher, *Building CERN’s Future Circular Collider. An Estimation of Its Impact on Value Added and Employment* (2023). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7986138

238. Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO). Policy recommendations to optimise the national returns relating to fcc contributions (2024). https://www.wifo.ac.at/en/project/268677/. Accessed: 2025-03-10

239. P. Ferreira, et al., in *Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2009)* (CERN, 2009). https://indico.cern.ch/event/61310/contributions/1228382/

240. A. Gentil-Beccot, S. Mele, T.C. Brooks, Scoap³: the open access initiative for high-energy physics. Insights **27**(3), 264–268 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1629/2048-7754.171

241. L.H. Nielsen, T. Smith, P. Manghi, et al., Zenodo: an open-access repository for everyone. Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Digital Libraries (2014). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13006

242. P. Ginsparg, arXiv at 20. Nature **476**(7359), 145–147 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/476145a

## Affiliations

1. CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland

2. PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland

3. CEA/Irfu, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers, Saclay, France

4. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany

5. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

6. BNL, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA

7. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

8. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

9. CNRS/IN2P3, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Paris, France

10. IJCLab, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot Curie, Orsay, France

11. Université Paris-Saclay et Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France

12. INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

13. Università di Bari, Bari, Italy

14. IPM, Institute for Research in Fundamental Science, Tehran, Iran

15. Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

16. LAPP, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Annecy, France

17. Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy, France

18. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

19. ICMAB/CISC, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain

20. INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

21. Università Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

22. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Yozgat, Türkiye

23. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

24. TOBB ETU, TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye

25. INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

26. Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
27 CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain

28 KACST, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

29 Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy

30 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

31 Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

32 University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

33 İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye

34 Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye

35 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy

36 Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy

37 FNAL, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA

38 University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

39 FUM, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

40 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

41 University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA

42 IPHC, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France

43 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

44 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy

45 Università di Milano, Milan, Italy

46 PIBG, Pôle Invertébrés du Basin Genevois, Geneva, Switzerland

47 UFRN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

48 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

49 UNIBAS, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

50 Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy

51 LIP, Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisbon, Portugal

52 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

53 CI, Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, UK

54 Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA

55 A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory, Yerevan, Armenia

56 IP2I, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France

57 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France

58 Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye

59 Lund University, Lund, Sweden

60 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

61 New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

62 Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

63 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

64 Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

65 Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

66 Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Hatay, Türkiye

67 Doğuş Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye

68 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy

69 Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China

70 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

71 RAL, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, UK

72 IMSc, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India

73 Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland

74 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

75 CPPM, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Marseille, France

76 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

77 Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

78 HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary

79 Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA

80 Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

81 LLR, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France

82 École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
83 TRIUMF, Canada’s National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

84 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

85 FEEM, Fondazione Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy

86 BRGM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France

87 Işık Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye

88 İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye

89 UNIBE, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

90 Università di Roma la Sapienza, Rome, Italy

91 CNR-SPIN, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genoa, Italy

92 Expert naturaliste et entomologiste, Rumilly, France

93 ORNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

94 HEPHY, Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria

95 Geos, Bureau d'ingénieurs conseils en géotechnique, génie civil, hydraulique et environnement, Geneva, Switzerland

96 APC, Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France

97 Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

98 TUWIEN, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria

99 HEPIA, Haute École du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

100 HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland

101 UNIGE, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

102 SETEC ALS, Société d'ingénierie conseil en infrastructures de transport, génie civil et environnement, Lyon, France

103 East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, USA

104 Amberg Engineering Ltd, Regensdorf-Watt, Switzerland

105 ECOTEC Environnement SA, Bureau d'études et de conseil en environnement, Geneva, Switzerland

106 Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA

107 IFJ PAN, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

108 Cerema, établissement public pour l'élaboration, le déploiement et l'évaluation de politiques publiques d'aménagement et de transport, Lyon, France

109 Rendel Ltd, Engineering design consultancy firm, London, UK

110 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy

111 İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye

112 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

113 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

114 EPFL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

115 Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

116 VUB, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

117 LPNHE, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Paris, France

118 Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy

119 Affiliated with an institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

120 University of Saskatchewan and the Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada

121 University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

122 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

123 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

124 York University, Toronto, Canada

125 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

126 Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

127 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

128 Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

129 CFTP-IST, Centro de Física Téorica de Partículas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

130 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

131 MPP, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Garching, Garching, Germany

132 KIT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany

133 NSC KIPT, National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine

134 Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy

135 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

136 JAI, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

137 CNRS/INP, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Physique, Paris, France
138 LPTHE, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, Paris, France

139 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

140 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy

141 LBNL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

142 IIT, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy

143 Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Gümüşhane, Türkiye

144 WSP Ingénieurs Conseils SA, Geneva, Switzerland

145 UADY, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico

146 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

147 Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

148 MARCELEON, Cabinet d'ingénierie juridique et foncière, Chambéry, France

149 CSIL (Economic Research Institute), Milan, Italy

150 ETHZ, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

151 UAH, Universidad de Alcalá Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

152 CIA, Conseil Ingénierie Acoustique, Lyon, France

153 Evinerude, Bureau d'études environnementales, Lyon, France

154 LPCA, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

155 Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

156 ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Australia

157 Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, Kolkata, India

158 ANL, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA

159 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy

160 Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

161 Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland

162 Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

163 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

164 Università di Padova, Padua, Italy

165 IUE, İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye

166 Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye

167 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Udine, Italy

168 Università di Udine, Udine, Italy

169 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

170 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy

171 CELLS/ALBA, Consortium for the Construction, Equipment and Exploitation of the Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

172 LPSC, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, France

173 Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

174 Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy

175 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA

176 Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

177 University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

178 IGFAE, Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

179 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

180 LSE, London School of Economics, London, UK

181 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

182 Imperial College London, London, UK

183 MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

184 CETU, Centre d'Etude des Tunnels, Lyon, France

185 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

186 Linde Kryotechnik AG, Pfungen, Switzerland

187 ILF Consulting Engineers, Zurich, Switzerland

188 NBI, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

189 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

190 CUNI, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

191 Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
192 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, Florence, Italy

193 University of Malta, Msida, Malta

194 BU, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

195 IBU, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu, Türkiye

196 Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

197 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

198 HIP, Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

199 ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

200 IMA, Institut für Maschinenelemente, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

201 CP3, Centre de Cosmologie, de Physique des Particules et de Phénoménologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

202 NIKHEF, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

203 IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

204 UAS, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

205 BOKU, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria

206 University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

207 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

208 University of Delhi, Delhi, India

209 Ginger BURGEAP, bureau d'études en environnement, Lyon, France

210 King's College London, London, UK

211 University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

212 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

213 Geoenergy, Reservoir Geology and Basin Analysis Group, Geneva, Switzerland

214 SETEC International, Société d'ingénierie en charge des transports et des infrastructures, Lyon, France

215 KKU, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale, Türkiye

216 SETEC LERM, Société d'ingénierie conseil en matériaux de construction, Lyon, France

217 BUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

218 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

219 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

220 MUL, Montanuniversität Leoben, Lehrstuhl für Subsurface Engineering, Geotechnik und unterirdisches Bauen, Leoben, Austria

221 MUL-ZaB, Underground Research Center, Zentrum am Berg, Leoben, Austria

222 IFAE, Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain

223 FHNW, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland

224 UPES, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

225 GANIL, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Caen, France

226 Université Caen Normandie, Caen, France

227 UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

228 Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

229 Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

230 UFPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

231 University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

232 Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy

233 Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

234 University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

235 Università di Torino, Turin, Italy

236 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

237 Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

238 LAPTh, Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique, Annecy-le-Vieux, France

239 Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, People's Republic of China

240 Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye

241 UNACH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

242 MCTP, Mesoamerican Centre for Theoretical Physics, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico

243 UAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico

244 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

245 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
246 Overleaf, London, UK

247 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

248 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

249 FIT, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA

250 Shirokuma GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland

251 National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan

252 Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

253 PAEC, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan

254 Mathabhanga College, Mathabhanga, India

255 Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Prayagraj, India

256 MPIK, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

257 European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden

258 Centre de calcul de l'IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France

259 GSI, Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

260 IBS, Institute for Basic Science, Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

261 University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

262 University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

263 Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

264 Microhumus, Bureau d'étude et d'ingénierie spécialisé dans la gestion des sols dégradés, Nancy, France

265 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

266 Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Niğde, Türkiye

267 Giresun Üniversitesi, Giresun, Türkiye

268 University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary

269 NTUA, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

270 Transmutex SA, Geneva, Switzerland

271 DIAS, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Theoretical Physics, Dublin, Ireland

272 AGH, University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

273 University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran

274 IPPP, Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham, UK

275 Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa, Türkiye

276 YU, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

277 Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

278 CPT, Centre de Physique Théorique, Marseille, France

279 Aix-Marseille Université et Université du Sud Toulon Var, Marseille, France

280 KIAS, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Republic of Korea

281 Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

282 FEAC Engineering P.C., Patras, Greece

283 UPATRAS, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

284 University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

285 AUTH, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

286 IML, Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik, Dortmund, Germany

287 RWTH Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany

288 ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland

289 Universität Münster, Münster, Germany

290 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

291 Fachhochschule Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria

292 University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

293 Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

294 ESI, European Scientific Institute, Archamps, France

295 UOS, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

296 KNU Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

297 KU, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

298 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

299 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

300 BG Ingénieurs Conseils, Lausanne, Switzerland

301 T.-D. Lee Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
302 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

303 CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy

304 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

305 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

306 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

307 ESRF, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France

308 SUSSEX, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

309 Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

310 University of Bath, Bath, UK

311 Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

312 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

313 Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

314 Center for High Energy Physics, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

315 Center of Theoretical Physics, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt

316 Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

317 Sorbonne Université et Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

318 Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy

319 IFIC-CSIC/UV, Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

320 Service de géologie, sols et déchets du canton de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

321 NICPB, National Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia

322 UT, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

323 Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

324 UGTO, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

325 Edaphos Engineering, Geneva, Switzerland

326 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany

327 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, Mumbai, India

328 Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium

329 CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trieste, Italy

330 JKU, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria

331 University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway

332 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

333 Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy

334 Caltech, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

335 Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy

336 IFT, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

337 UPC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

338 Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

339 Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Porto, Portugal

340 LaPMET, Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Porto, Portugal

341 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

342 SAPHIR, Instituto Milenio de Física Subatómica en la Frontera de Altas Energías, Santiago, Chile

343 Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

344 IIP, International Institute of Physics, Natal, Brazil

345 Tokyo International University, Tokyo, Japan

346 Izmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi, Izmir, Türkiye

347 INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy

348 Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy

349 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia

350 Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA

351 Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

352 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

353 Department of Energy of the United States of America, DOE, Washington, DC, USA

354 IPSA, Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées, Ivry-sur-Seine, France

355 Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy

356 UJ, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
357 Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria

358 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

359 HFFH, Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

360 INCDTIM, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

361 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

362 Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

363 RTU, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

364 Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

365 University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

366 Cosmos Open University, Nicosia, Cyprus

367 CBPF, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

368 Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

369 CMU, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

370 JLAB, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA

371 ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador

372 IRB, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

373 Air Liquide Advanced Technologies, Grenoble, France

374 VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

375 INGÉROP, Groupe d'ingénierie et de conseil en mobilité durable, transition énergétique et cadre de vie, Lyon, France

376 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

377 IFCA, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

378 Institut für Beschleunigerphysik und Technologie, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

379 Uşak Üniversitesi, Uşak, Türkiye

380 ICEPP, International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

381 Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

382 All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

383 Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya, Türkiye

384 Latitude Durable SARL, Geneva, Switzerland

385 USAL, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

386 PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Mainz, Germany

387 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

388 Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain

389 scMetrology SARL, Geneva, Switzerland

390 IST, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

391 CeFEMA, Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Lisbon, Portugal

392 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India

393 NIU, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA

394 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

395 Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

396 Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

397 Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

398 KAIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

399 Amber Engineering Chambéry, Chambéry, France

400 Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

401 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

402 IFIC-CSIC/UV, Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

403 WIFO, Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Vienna, Austria

404 Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

405 Mélica, NATURA SCOP, Études et expertises environnementales, Aubenas, France

406 Università LUM, Casamassima, Italy

407 University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

408 Arak University, Arak, Iran

409 Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

410 ForestAllia, Cabinet de gestion et d'expertise forestières, Besançon, France
411 Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany

412 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

413 Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany

414 CEGELEC SA, Geneva, Switzerland

415 KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

416 OKC, Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm, Sweden

417 Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA

418 Expert foncier et agricole, Chadrat, France

419 ITSM, Institut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen und Maschinenlaboratorium, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

420 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

421 CTU, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic

422 University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

423 Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA

424 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

425 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

426 Swisstopo, Federal Office of Topography, Wabern, Switzerland

427 Daresbury Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury, UK

428 IZTECH, Izmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Izmir, Türkiye

429 City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong