# Review : Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs) emissions by soil

Letizia Abis, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, Benjamin Loubet, Pierre-Alain Maron, Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau

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Letizia Abis, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, Benjamin Loubet, Pierre-Alain Maron, et al.. Review : Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs) emissions by soil. SOMmic, Nov 2016, Leipzig, Germany. , 2016. [hal-01604106](https://hal.science/hal-01604106)

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# REVIEW: MICROBIAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (MVOCs) EMISSIONS BY SOIL

Letizia Abis<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Raluca Ciuraru<fnref n="2" />, Florence Lafouge<fnref n="2" />, Benjamin Loubet<fnref n="2" />, Maron P.A.<fnref n="3" />, Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau<fnref n="3" />

## ABSTRACT

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have a central role in the chemistry and composition of the troposphere. VOCs are precursors of atmospheric aerosols (PM 2.5) and tropospheric ozone ($O_3$). Biogenic VOCs (bVOCs) are estimated to contribute up to 90% of the total VOCs emissions globally. One of the sources of bVOC is soil microorganisms, especially through sugar degradation but also through secondary metabolism processes. Microbial VOCs production in soils depends also on: nutrients, physiological state of the microorganisms, pH, temperature and oxygen availability.

The aim of this poster shows an overview of the existing knowledge on VOC emissions by microorganisms in soil, the reasons why VOCs are emitted and which are the metabolic pathway involved. A focus on the most used techniques to detect VOCs in soils is given and in particular advantages of PTR-MS technique are shown.

## METABOLIC PATHWAY FOR THE VOCs PRODUCTION

### SUGAR DEGRADATION

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>ENTNER-DOUDOROFF</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>HETEROLACTIC/
HOMOLACTIC</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

### FATTY ACID DEGRADATION

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

### ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

PYRUVATE, GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE, LACTATE, ACETATE

PRECURSORS OF THE VOCS FORMATION

**SECONDARY METABOLITES:** play a central role in inter-organismic interactions. Innumerous cases volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites have been implicated in defense and communication among organisms.

### SULPHUR REDUCTION

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

**MOST IMPORTANT VOLATILE SULPHUR COMPOUNDS**

- $H_2S$

- methanethiol,

- dimethyl sulphide (DMS),

- dimethyl disulphide (DMDS)

- dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS)

### AMINOACID BIOSYNTHESIS

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

2-PHENYLETHANOL: ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD VOLATILE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS (synthesized by phenolpyruvate)

## WHAT CAN AFFECT MICROBIAL VOCs PRODUCTION

Microbial VOCs production in soils is strongly depending on:

1. NUTRIENTS

2. OXYGEN AVAILABILITY

3. PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF THE MICROORGANISMS

MOST INFLUENT PARAMETER

$O_2$ HIGHLY EFFECTIVE RESPIRATION

- SOIL MOISTURE

- SOIL TEXTURE

- MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

- pH

- TEMPERATURE

**MICRO- AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC CONDITION:**

I. C-org ARE THE END PRODUCT OF **HETERO AND HOMOFERMENTATIVE PROCESS**;

II. DIVERSITY AND AMOUNT OF VOCs EMITTED INCREASE

## VOCs DETECTION TECHNIQUES

### PTR-MS

### HOW IT WORKS

### ADVANTAGES

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

- SIMULTANEOUS ON-LINE MONITORING OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

- LIMIT OF DETECTION <10 pptv

**TIME OF FLIGHT DETECTOR:**

- SPEED

- HIGH RESOLUTION

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

### GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

C
O
U
P
L
E
D
W
I
T
H

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

### MASS SPECTROMETRY

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

### FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

### FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR

THESE TECHNIQUES NEED A METHOD FOR THE VOCs EXTRACTION FROM SAMPLES (e.g. SOLID PHASE MICRO-EXTRACTION (SPME)).

## REFERENCES

D. Asensio, J. Peñuelas, "On-line screening of soil VOCs exchange responses to moisture, temperature and root presence," *Plant Soil*, vol. 291, no. 1-2, Jan. 2007.

A. Guenther, "Biological and Chemical Diversity of Biogenic Volatile Organic Emissions into the Atmosphere," *ISRN Atmospheric Sci.*, vol. 2013, pp. 1-27, 2013.

P. D. Stahl and T. B. Parkin, "Microbial production of volatile organic compounds in soil microcosms," *Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.*, vol. 60, no. 3

This work was funded by UPMC, ANAEE-France, ADEME (COV3ER, DICOV)

<footnote n="1">¹ INRA, UMR ECOSYS, Sorbonne University UPMC /F-78850 Théveral Grignon, France, letizia.abis@grignon.inra.fr</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² INRA, UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech Environm & Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Théveral Grignon, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³INRA, UMR AgroEcologie, AgroSup Dijon, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex, France</footnote>