ABSTRACTIntroduction. The first line regimen of treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Africa is not consensual. Protocols used are issued from European recommendations, while the bacteria types are different and antibiotic sensibilities are not the same. The goal of this study was to describe the first line regimen used to treat H. pylori in a sub-Saharan country, to evaluate its efficacy and to identify factors associated with a non-response. Methods. we have conducted a descriptive cross sectional study from January to May 2019 in three medical centers of Yaoundé (Cameroon). We have included all adult patients who have realized a gastroscopy which has proven the H. pylori infection naïve from any prior eradication treatment. Results. Protocols used were the concomitant quadri therapy (a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole) for 14 days or a sequential treatment a proton pump inhibitor and amoxicillin for the first 5 days, followed by proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for another 5 days). We found a global success of 73.9% (with 78.8% for the concomitant quadri therapy and 65.6% for the sequential treatment. Factors associated with a non-response to the treatment were the poor observance and the low educational level. Conclusion. the first-line treatment of H. pylori is based on quadri therapy sequential or concomitant with a global success of 73.9%.