# Potential effects of climate change on first-feeding brown trout growth and metabolism

Elorri Arevalo, Stéphane Panserat, Iban Seiliez, Aitor Larrañaga, Agnes Bardonnet

► To cite this version:

Elorri Arevalo, Stéphane Panserat, Iban Seiliez, Aitor Larrañaga, Agnes Bardonnet. Potential effects of climate change on first-feeding brown trout growth and metabolism. Nowpas 2017 - Annual meeting, Mar 2017, Shaftesbury, United Kingdom. 26 diapos. hal-01594850

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Submitted on 5 Jun 2020

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

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Annual Meeting
7 – 10 March 2017
Shaftesbury – UK

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# Potential effects of climate change on first-feeding brown trout growth and metabolism

AREVALO Elorri, PANSERAT Stéphane, SEILIEZ Iban, LARRAÑAGA Aitor, BARDONNET Agnès

Technical support from: GLISE Stéphane, GUERAUD François, HUCHET Emmanuel, LANGE Frédéric, PLAGNES-JUAN Elisabeth, RIVES Jacques

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## EMERGENCE
a critical stage

~ March/April

Skoglund & Barlaup, 2006

### Physiological and behavioural changes

- Endogenous → exogenous feeding

- Competition for territory

- Predator vulnerability

Harsh conditions could induce
huge mortality

i.e. reduced prey availability
(*macroinvertebrate larvae*)

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In the Atlantic coast of Europe ...

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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↓ abundance of
marcroinvertebrate larvae

Robinson et al. 2004

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↗ Rainfall in winter & spring

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↗ Flood intensity and frequency

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↓ Prey availability

IPCC, 2014

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

Elorri AREVALO

@Elorri_A

elorri.arevalo@inra.fr

NoWPaS

7 – 10 March 2017

Shaftesbury – UK
In the Atlantic coast of Europe ...

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↘ abundance of
marcroinvertebrate larvae

Robinson et al. 2004

↗ Rainfall in winter & spring

↗ Flood intensity and
frequency

↘ Prey availability

CLIMATE CHANGE

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

↗ Temperature

Leigh et al. 2015

↗ Metabolism

IPCC, 2014
In the Atlantic coast of Europe ...

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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IPCC, 2014

▸ abundance of
marcroinvertebrate larvae

Robinson et al. 2004

↗ Rainfall in winter & spring

↗ Flood intensity and frequency

▸ Prey availability

▸▸ growth and survival of emerged alevins

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Leigh et al. 2015

↗ Temperature

↗ Metabolism

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

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Elorri AREVALO

@Elorri_A

elorri.arevalo@inra.fr

NoWPAS

7 – 10 March 2017

Shaftesbury – UK
CLIMATE CHANGE

Alevins facing period
of starvation

Maintenance of
vital functions

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CLIMATE CHANGE

Alevins facing period
of starvation

Reserve mobilisation

1) Carbohydrates
Glycolysis

Bar, 2014

2) Fatty acids
β-oxydation

3) Proteins
Proteolysis (e.g. proteasome)

and last reserves
Autophagy (amino-acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates)

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

Alevins:
limited amount
of reserves

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Energy production
Krebs cycle & respiratory chain

Maintenance of
vital functions

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# Objectives of the experiment

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1) Understand the effects of **starvation** on alevins **nutritional** status

2) Test the alevins ability to **recover** from a **delayed** first-feeding

3) Analyse the effect of **temperature** on these phenomena

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Experimental set up

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~ 800 degrees-days

Fish samples

Starvation

Fed *ad libitum*

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8°C

42 tanks
3 fish/tank

11°C

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Experimental set up

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~ 800 degrees-days

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Fish samples

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Starvation

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Fed *ad libitum*

At each endpoint

$D_0, D_5, D_9$

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8°C

42 tanks
3 fish/tank

11°C

Biometric data

- Weight

- Size

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Wilcoxon-Man-
Whitney rank sum test

Biomolecular data

- Whole body

- RT-qPCR

- Expression of 19 genes
  Lipid (3) & Amino-acid (6) catabolisms,
  Proteasome (5), Autophagy (5)

- Pfaffl method

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Bayesian modelling

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

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Elorri AREVALO

@Elorri_A

elorri.arevalo@inra.fr

NoWPaS

7 – 10 March 2017

Shaftesbury - UK
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* F<sub>5</sub> & F<sub>9</sub>: **Fed** fish **gained** weight

* No difference between 8°C and 11°C

* S<sub>5</sub> & S<sub>9</sub>: **Starved** fish **lost** weight

* Fish leaner at 11°C

* DF<sub>9</sub>: **Delayed first-fed** fish: intermediate state

* Difference close to significance level

* p-value = 0.059

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❖ F₉: 8 vs 11°C

- Similar growth

- But food intake higher at 11°C

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❖ F₉: 8 vs 11°C

- Similar growth

- But food intake higher at 11°C

❖ DF₉: 8 vs 11°C

- Both able to start feeding

- Same food intake than fed fish

- A trend for a better growth at 8°C

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1) Understand the effects of **starvation** on alevins **nutritional** status

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Growth

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8°C

2) Test the alevins ability to **recover** from a **delayed** first-feeding

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Recovery

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Growth

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11°C

Recovery → More contrasted

* Some alevins recovering

* Others at the same levels than starved fish

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## Fed fish

* Under other physiological mechanisms

* Carnivores: food → fatty acids and proteins

Rainuzzo et al. 1997

Palmer and Ryman, 1972

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## Starved fish

* Under other physiological mechanisms

* Limited: depletion in few hours

Last resort to
produce Energy

Seiliez et al. 2008

Data showed: D<sub>9</sub>

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## Lipid catabolism

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## Amino-Acid catabolism

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## Fed fish

8 ~ 11°C

↑ food intake at
11°C

+

Similar growth &
catabolism

Better food
conversion
at 8°C?

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## Lipid catabolism

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## Amino-Acid catabolism

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## Fed fish

8 ~ 11°C

↑ food intake at
11°C

+

Similar growth &
catabolism

Better food
conversion
at 8°C?

## Starved fish

At 8°C = remaining reserves

At 11°C = lipid and AA catabolism ↗ ↗

Hypometabolism?

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## Lipid catabolism

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## Amino-Acid catabolism

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## Fed fish

8 ~ 11°C

↑ food intake at
11°C

+

Similar growth &
catabolism

Better food
conversion
at 8°C?

## Starved fish

At 8°C = remaining reserves

At 11°C = lipid and AA catabolism ↗ ↗
Hypometabolism?

## Delayed first-fed fish

8 ~ 11°C

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1) Understand the effects of **starvation** on alevins **nutritional** status

↘ Growth

Still body reserves

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2) Test the alevins ability to **recover** from a **delayed** first-feeding

↗ Recovery

↘↘ Growth

↘↘ gene expression

*Reserves depleted?*

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Recovery → More contrasted

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$$ \text{Proteasome:} \\ \text{skeletal-muscle protein} + \text{Autophagy:} \\ \text{all the potential sources of energy (amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates)} = $$

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❖ Proteasome & Autophagy- related genes highly expressed during starvation

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**Proteasome:**
skeletal-muscle protein

**Autophagy:**
all the potential sources of energy
(amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates)

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* Proteasome & Autophagy-related genes highly expressed during starvation

* Stress of starvation still noticeable in DF<sub>9</sub> fish

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$$ \text{Proteasome:} \\ \text{skeletal-muscle protein} + \text{all the potential sources of energy (amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates)} = $$

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* Proteasome & Autophagy-related genes highly expressed during starvation

* Stress of starvation still noticeable in DF₉ fish

* Effect of temperature (S & DF)

* 11°C >> 8°C

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1) Understand the effects of **starvation** on alevins **nutritional** status

↘ Growth

Still body reserves

8°C

2) Test the alevins ability to **recover** from a **delayed** first-feeding

↗ Recovery

Autophagy & Proteasome induced

↘↘ Growth

↘↘ gene expression

*Reserves depleted?*

11°C

Recovery → More contrasted

Autophagy & Proteasome **highly** induced

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* Food conversion is better at 8°C

* A **higher** temperature exacerbates the **metabolic distress** induced by **starvation**

* Despite 5 days of starvation, alevins are **able** to feed but recovery ...

* Is not complete after 4 feeding days

* Is more contrasted at 11°C

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Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?

Photo credit: Stéphane GLISE (INRA) & www.arkive.org

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

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Elorri AREVALO
@Elorri_A
elorri.arevalo@inra.fr

NoWPaS

7 – 10 March 2017
Shaftesbury – UK