# Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee, 2025

Arvind Varsani, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Niklas Arnberg, Kelly S Bateman, Mária Benkő, Annie Bézier, Philippe Biagini, Jamie Bojko, Anamarija Butkovic, Marta Canuti, et al.

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## To cite this version:

Arvind Varsani, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Niklas Arnberg, Kelly S Bateman, Mária Benkő, et al. Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee, 2025. Journal of General Virology, 2025, 106 (7), pp.002113. 10.1099/jgv.0.002113. pasteur-05212164

HAL Id: pasteur-05212164

https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-05212164v1

Submitted on 17 Aug 2025

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# Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee, 2025

Arvind Varsani¹*, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla², Niklas Arnberg³, Kelly S. Bateman⁴, Mária Benkő⁵, Annie Bézier⁶,
Philippe Biagini⁷, Jamie Bojko⁸, Anamarija Butkovic⁹, Marta Canuti¹⁰, Vladimír Celer¹¹, Jean-Michel Drezen⁶,
Laszlo Egyed⁵, Matthias G. Fischer¹², Sarah François¹³, Benjamin Guinet¹⁴, Balázs Harrach⁵, Robert L. Harrison¹⁵,
Elisabeth A. Herniou⁶, Michael Hess¹⁶, Jia Hu¹⁷, Johannes A. Jehle¹⁸, Győző L. Kaján⁵, Adrianna E. Kajon¹⁹, Eugene
V. Koonin²⁰, Simona Kraberger¹, Peter J. Krell²¹, Mart Krupovic⁹, Jens H. Kuhn²², Chengfeng Lei¹⁷, Matthieu Leobold⁶,
Fabrizio Maggi²³, Suresh K. Mittal²⁴, Hiroaki Okamoto²⁵, Tanja Opriessnig²⁶, Xiaowei Peng¹⁷, Judit Pénzes²⁷,
Iva I. Podgorski²⁸, Thomas S. Postler²⁹, Bergmann M. Ribeiro³⁰, Carmen San Martín³¹, Maria Söderlund-
Venermo³², Xiulian Sun¹⁷, András Surján⁵, Zoltán L. Tarján⁵, Julien Varaldi¹⁴, Márton Z. Vidovszky⁵, Göran Wadell³,
Hidemi Watanabe³³, Natalya Yutin²⁰, Monique M. van Oers³⁴ and ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium

## Abstract

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) holds a ratification vote annually after review of newly proposed taxa by ICTV Study Groups and members of the virology community. In March 2025, the vote outcome of the 11 proposals within the mandate of the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee was made public. Here, we provide a summary of the newly accepted proposals. These include reorganization of taxa in the realm *Varidnaviria*, classification of the 'polinton-like' viruses into a new family (*Phypoliviridae*) within a new order *Archintovirales*; establishment of a new phylum (*Commensaviricota*) in the kingdom *Shotokuvirae*; the establishment of a new family called *Filamentoviridae* with two new genera and three new species; the addition of four new genera in the family *Anelloviridae* with 70 new species; and the addition of 85 new species in the families *Adenoviridae* (n=16), *Baculoviridae* (n=5), *Circoviridae* (n=5), *Parvoviridae* (n=55) and *Polyomaviridae* (n=4). Also, in the family *Belpaoviridae*, 11 species were renamed to comply with the binomial requirement for species names.

## INTRODUCTION

The Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [1] includes Study Groups for the families *Adenoviridae*, *Anelloviridae*, *Ascoviridae*, *Asfarviridae*, *Baculoviridae*, *Nudiviridae*, *Bidnaviridae*, *Circoviridae*, *Hepadnaviridae*, *Herpesvirales*, *Hytrosaviridae*, *Iridoviridae*, *Nimaviridae*, *Papillomaviridae*, *Parvoviridae*, *Polydnaviriformidae*, *Polyomaviridae*, *Poxviridae* and *Retroviridae*. These Study Groups include virologists who are experts in viruses classified within these families. As with the ICTV Executive Committee, the 165 members of the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee volunteer their time to advance virus taxonomy [1]. The classified viruses and viriforms in the families represented by the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee are classified into 15 hierarchical ranks for virus classification [2].

Taking various aspects of virus taxonomy into account [2–5], coupled with the binomial species nomenclature (genus +epithet) [6–8], 13 proposals were submitted as part of the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee in 2024; and 11 were

Received 15 April 2025; Accepted 13 May 2025; Published 25 July 2025
For numbered affiliations see end of the article.

*Correspondence: Arvind Varsani, Arvind.Varsani@asu.edu

Abbreviations: ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Supplementary files are available with the online version of this article.
accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee for ratification by the broader ICTV membership. Here, we summarize the changes occurring as a result of the ratification of these 11 proposals.

A significant change is the reorganization of taxa in the realm *Varidnaviria*, including movement of the kingdom *Helvetiavirae* into a new realm named *Singelaviria* based on the independent origins of the major capsid proteins encoded by the viruses in the kingdoms *Helvetiavirae* and *Bamfordvirae* [9, 10]. Also, as part of this reorganization, a new kingdom named *Abadenavirae* was established as a result of the evolutionary analysis of the protein-primed family B DNA polymerase or its derivatives encoded by tectivirids [11, 12], adenovirids [13], adintovirids [14], maveriviricetes and previously unclassified 'polinton-like' viruses [11]. The kingdom *Abadenavirae* now includes all bacterial and archaeal viruses with double jelly-roll major capsid proteins, with the exception of tectivirids, which remain in the kingdom *Bamfordvirae* along with all the evolutionarily related eukaryotic viruses. The phylum *Preplasmiviricota* also underwent notable refinements with the establishment of two new subphyla, two new orders and one new family. The previously unassigned family *Yaraviridae* [15] was moved into a new class *Mriyaviricetes* in the phylum *Nucleocytoviricota* [3, 16]; the family *Adintoviridae* was renamed *Eupolintoviridae*; the first representative of an extensive group of viruses, broadly known as 'polinton-like' viruses [17, 18], was classified into a new family, *Phypoliviridae*, within a new order *Archintovirales* [9]. Within the realm *Varidnaviria*, other changes include renaming the species *African swine fever virus* in the family *Asfarviridae* [19] to *Asfivirus haemorrhagiae* to comply with the binomial name rule [6, 7] and establishing 16 new species in the family *Adenoviridae* [13].

*Anelloviridae* [20, 21] was the only family of eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses not assigned to the realm *Monodnaviria* [3]. Although anellovirids do not encode a homologue of the replication-associated endonuclease of the HUH superfamily, the signature of *Monodnaviria*, recent results have shown that they encode capsid protein orthologs with a jelly-roll fold typical of cressdnaviricot capsid proteins, establishing an evolutionary link to other eukaryotic ssDNA viruses, specifically, circovirids [22]. Thus, the family *Anelloviridae* is now classified in the order *Sanitavirales*, class *Cardeaviricetes*, phylum *Commensaviricota*, kingdom *Shotokuvirae* and realm *Monodnaviria*. Furthermore, 4 new genera and 70 new species have been established in the family *Anelloviridae* to classify anellovirids with diverse hosts ranging from marine mammals to terrestrial mammals and avians of various species [22–28]. Other changes within the phylum *Cossaviricota* in the kingdom *Shotokuvirae* include the establishment of 55 new species in the family *Parvoviridae* (order *Piccovirales*, class *Quintoviricetes*) [29] and four species in the family *Polyomaviridae* (order *Sepolyvirales*, class *Papovaviricetes*) [30]. In the phylum *Cressdnaviricota*, five new species were established in the family *Circoviridae* (order *Cirlivirales*, class *Arfiviricetes*) [31].

The family *Filamentoviridae* (order *Lefavirales*, class *Naldaviricetes*), with two genera (*Alphafilamentovirus* and *Betafilamentovirus*) and three species, was established to classify filamentous DNA viruses identified in insects [32–37]. In addition, in the order *Lefavirales* [38], class *Naldaviricetes*, five new species were established in the family *Baculoviridae* [39], and one species (*Alphabaculovirus altermaconfiguratae*) was abolished.

Within the realm *Riboviria*, in the family *Belpaoviridae* (order *Ortervirales*, class *Revtraviricetes*, phylum *Artverviricota*, kingdom *Pararnavirae*) [40], all 11 species were renamed to comply with binomial name rules.

A file including all the Tables of taxonomic changes below is available as a supplementary file to this article.

# MAIN TEXT

## CONTENTS

2024.001D.Alphabaculovirus_1nsp

2024.002D.Circoviridae_5ns

2024.003D.Polyomaviridae_4ns

2024.004D.Adenoviridae_16ns

2024.005D.Baculoviridae_4nsp_1absp

2024.007D.Filamentoviridae_1nf_2ngen_3nsp

2024.008D.Parvoviridae_55nsp

2024.009D.Anelloviridae_4ngen_70nsp

2024.010D.Varidnaviria_reorg

2024.012D.Shotokuvirae_newphylum

2024.013D.Belpaoviridae_spren
## 2024.001D.Alphabaculovirus_1nsp

**Title:** Create the new species *Alphabaculovirus alterhycuneae* in the genus *Alphabaculovirus* (Lefavirales: Baculoviridae)

**Authors:** Peng X-W, Lei C-F, Hu J, Sun XL (sunxl@wh.iov.cn)

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

In the genus *Alphabaculovirus* (family *Baculoviridae*), there are 65 species.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add one (1) new species to genus *Alphabaculovirus*.

**Justification:**

The genome of the virus Hypantria cuneae nulceopolyhedrovirus B was fully sequenced using a high-throughput method. The divergence in the phylogenetic tree and the K2P distances based on the 38 core-gene concatenated alignment revealed that this virus belongs to a novel species of *Alphabaculovirus*. For this new species, the species name *Alphabaculovirus alterhycuneae* is suggested, following the binomial naming proposal as submitted in 2022 and ratified by the ICTV in April 2023 [41].

**Submitted:** 05/04/23

<table><caption>**Table 1.** *Alphabaculovirus*, 1 new taxon*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>New taxon name</td><td>Exemplar</td><td>Accession</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphabaculovirus alterhycuneae</td><td>Hypantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus B</td><td>OL686893</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.002D.Circoviridae_5ns

**Title:** Create five new species in the genus *Circovirus* (Cirlivirales: Circoviridae)

**Authors:** Tarján ZL (tarjan.zoltan@vmri.hun-ren.hu), Benkő M, Egyed L, Harrach B

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

One hundred and fifty-five species (65 circoviruses and 90 cycoviruses) in two genera within the family *Circoviridae*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add five (5) new species to the genus *Circovirus*.

**Justification:**

Based on genome organization and phylogenetic analyses, the establishment of five new species in the genus *Circovirus* is proposed. The species demarcation is based on the genome-wide pairwise identity between circovirids (less than 80% identity as established species demarcation criterion) [31, 42].

**Submitted:** 21/06/24

<table><caption>**Table 2.** *Circoviridae*, 5 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>New taxon name</td><td>Exemplar</td><td>Accession</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Circovirus dever</td><td>bream circovirus 1</td><td>KF358279</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Circovirus razbora</td><td>Pseudorasbora circovirus 1</td><td>MN837844</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Circovirus baizhenhe</td><td>white-naped crane circovirus 1</td><td>MN928908</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Circovirus patkany</td><td>brown rat circovirus 1</td><td>OR553090</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Circovirus python</td><td>black-headed python circovirus 1</td><td>MH368042</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001D.Alphabaculovirus_1nsp.zip.</footnote>

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002D.Circoviridae_5ns.zip.</footnote>
## 2024.003D.Polyomaviridae_4ns

**Title:** Create four new species in the genera *Alphapolyomavirus* and *Betapolyomavirus* (*Polyomaviridae*)

**Authors:** Surján A (surjan.andras@vmri.hun-ren.hu), Vidovszky MZ, Postler TS, Harrach B,

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

One hundred and eighteen species in eight genera in the family *Polyomaviridae*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add four (4) new species, three (3) to the genus *Alphapolyomavirus* and one (1) to the genus *Betapolyomavirus*

**Justification:**

Novel polyomaviruses have been detected in bat guano and Eurasian beaver kidney tissue samples. Three novel bat polyomaviruses and the beaver polyomavirus meet the criteria of establishing a new species. The phylogenetic distance of their Large T-antigen nucleotide sequences is more than 15% to members of accepted polyomavirus species, and they originate from new hosts.

**Submitted:** 21/06/24

<table><caption>**Table 3.** *Polyomaviridae*, 4 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>New taxon name</td><td>Exemplar</td><td>Accession</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphapolyomavirus castoris</td><td>Castor fiber polyomavirus 1</td><td>OR735477</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphapolyomavirus epserotini</td><td>Eptesicus serotinus polyomavirus 1</td><td>OK428546</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphapolyomavirus myodaubentonii</td><td>Myotis daubentonii polyomavirus 2</td><td>OK300052</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Betapolyomavirus hipposideri</td><td>Rhinolophus hipposideros polyomavirus 1</td><td>MT276890</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.004D.Adenoviridae_16ns

**Title:** Create 16 new species in the genera *Aviadenovirus*, *Barthadenovirus* and *Mastadenovirus* (Rowavirales: *Adenoviridae*)

**Authors:** Benkő M, Arnberg N, Hess M, Kaján GL, Kajon A, Mittal SK, Podgorski II, Postler TS, San Martín C, Wadell G, Watanabe H, Harrach B (harrach.balazs@vmri.hun-ren.hu).

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

One hundred and nine species in six genera in the family *Adenoviridae*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add 16 novel species: seven (7) to the genus *Mastadenovirus*, five (5) to the genus *Aviadenovirus* and four (4) to the genus *Barthadenovirus*.

**Justification:**

Novel adenovirus sequences have been submitted to GenBank (many from metagenomic data) reflecting very rich diversity (https://sites.google.com/site/adenoseq). From these sequences, 16 full-length or almost full-length (coding-complete) animal adenovirus genomes originating from 7 mammal, 7 bird and 2 reptilian species merit the establishment of new species. The phylogenetic distance of their DNA polymerase amino acid sequences is more than 15% to members of accepted adenovirus species (this is the main demarcation criterion). Furthermore, they originate from new hosts or from hosts different from those of existing species, and/or have a characteristic whole-genome GC content percentage difference.

**Submitted:** 21/06/24

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003D.Polyomaviridae_4ns.zip.</footnote>
<table><caption>**Table 4.** *Adenoviridae*, 16 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Exemplar</th><th>Accession</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus marmotae</td><td>marmot adenovirus 1</td><td>PP098964</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus capreoli</td><td>roe deer adenovirus 1; adenovirus capreolus32301</td><td>BK066828</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus vespertilionis</td><td>bat adenovirus 33390</td><td>BK066631</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus desmodi</td><td>vampire bat adenovirus; adenovirus desmodus35011</td><td>BK066905</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus cardiodermatis</td><td>heart-nosed bat adenovirus</td><td>PP711818</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus fructus</td><td>Leschenault's rousette adenovirus</td><td>OR998962</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Mastadenovirus arvicolinae</td><td>vole adenovirus 1; adenovirus myodes38640</td><td>BK066403</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Aviadenovirus phalacrocoracidae</td><td>great cormorant adenovirus 1</td><td>OR529407</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Aviadenovirus oti</td><td>Eurasian scops owl adenovirus 1; Otus scops adenovirus</td><td>ON843719</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Aviadenovirus orioli</td><td>black-naped oriole adenovirus; Oriolus adenovirus</td><td>MZ819701</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Aviadenovirus roseae</td><td>psittacine adenovirus 12</td><td>OR871655</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Aviadenovirus cerasi</td><td>duck adenovirus 6</td><td>MK757473</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Barthadenovirus gerygones</td><td>grey warbler adenovirus 1</td><td>OQ986611</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Barthadenovirus zootherae</td><td>scaly thrush (Zoothera dauma) adenovirus 1</td><td>OR233592</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Barthadenovirus varani</td><td>varanus adenovirus 37597</td><td>BK066675</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Barthadenovirus zootocae</td><td>viviparous lizard adenovirus 1; adenovirus zootoca35082</td><td>BK066448</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.005D.Baculoviridae_4nsp_1absp

**Title:** Create four new species and abolish one species in the family *Baculoviridae*

**Authors:** van Oers MM, Abd-Alla AMM, Bateman KS, Bojko J, Harrison RL (robert.l.harrison@usda.gov), Herniou EA, Sun XL, Jehle JA, Krell PJ, Ribeiro BM

## Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

There are currently 65 species in the genus *Alphabaculovirus* and 28 species in the genus *Betabaculovirus* of the family *Baculoviridae*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add three (3) new species in the genus *Alphabaculovirus*, add one (1) new species in the genus *Betabaculovirus*, and abolish one (1) species, *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae*.

**Justification:**

Analysis of recently sequenced baculovirus genomes identified four viruses that each represent a previously undescribed baculovirus species, in accordance with the species demarcation criteria defined for the family *Baculoviridae*. Analysis of the genomes of viruses from the species *Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae*, *Alphabaculovirus maconfiguratae* and *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae* indicates that *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae* is redundant and should be abolished. The creation of *Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae* precedes that of both *Alphabaculovirus maconfiguratae* and *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae*, and the exemplar isolate of *Alphabaculovirus mabrassicae* falls in the same clade as the exemplar isolate of *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae*, so we propose to abolish *Alphabaculovirus altermacconfiguratae*.

**Submitted:** 30/04/24

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004D.Adenoviridae_16ns.zip.</footnote>
<table><caption>**Table 5.** *Baculoviridae*, 4 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Exemplar</th><th>Accession</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphabaculovirus pastagnalis</td><td>Parapoynx stagnalis nucleopolyhedrovirus</td><td>ON704650</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphabaculovirus pavitrealis</td><td>Palpita vitrealis nucleopolyhedrovirus</td><td>OL685370</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphabaculovirus spocosmioidis</td><td>Spodoptera cosmioides nucleopolyhedrovirus</td><td>MK419955</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Betabaculovirus psincretae</td><td>Psilogramma increta granulovirus</td><td>ON803509</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 6.** *Baculoviridae*, 1 abolish taxon*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>Abolished taxon name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Abolish taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphabaculovirus altermaconfiguratae</td></tr></tbody></table>

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005D.Baculoviridae_4nsp_1absp.zip.

## 2024.007D.Filamentoviridae_1nf_2ngen_3nsp

**Title:** Create a new virus family in the *Lefavirales* order named *Filamentoviridae* with two genera *Alphafilamentovirus* and *Betafilamentovirus* and three species.

**Authors:** Bézier A (annie.bézier@univ-tours.fr), Leobold M, Guinet B, Drezen J-M, Herniou EA, Varaldi J

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Establishment of a new highly diverse viral family within the order *Lefavirales* in the class *Naldaviricetes*, the *Filamentoviridae*, comprising two genera: *Alphafilamentovirus*, with the species *Alphafilamentovirus leboulardi*, and *Betafilamentovirus*, with the species *Betafilamentovirus cocongregatae* and *Betafilamentovirus altercocongregatae*.

**Description of current taxonomy:**

The class *Naldaviricetes* currently includes four families: *Baculoviridae*, *Nudiviridae*, *Hytrosaviridae* and *Nimaviridae*, the first three belonging to the order of *Lefavirales*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Create *Filamentoviridae*, a new family in the order *Lefavirales* within the class *Naldaviricetes*, with two (2) genera (*Alphafilamentovirus* and *Betafilamentovirus*) and three species.

**Justification:**

New large arthropod-specific dsDNA viruses, which have been described as filamentous particles since the 1970s, have recently been characterized at the genomic level [33]. These viruses share signatures of members of the class *Naldaviricetes* and order *Lefavirales*, while encoding specific core genes that distinguish them from the established families of this order. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction indicates that these filamentous viruses form a monophyletic clade distinct from that of their closest relatives, *Hytrosaviridae*, and supports the creation of a new family, that we propose to name *Filamentoviridae*. These viruses appear to be preferentially associated with hymenopteran insects with a parasitoid lifestyle [33]. The effects of filamentous viruses on their hosts are still poorly understood compared with other members of the *Naldaviricetes*. So far, only the Leptopilina boulardi filamentous virus has been studied for its effect and is described as inducing a behavioural manipulation of wasp oviposition decisions and benefiting from the vertical and horizontal transmission.

**Submitted:** 04/06/24; **Revised:** 23/10/24

<table><caption>**Table 7.** *Filamentoviridae*, 6 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Exemplar</th><th>Accession</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Filamentoviridae</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Genus</td><td>Alphafilamentovirus</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Alphafilamentovirus leboulardi</td><td>Leptopilina boulardi filamentous virus</td><td>KY009685</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Genus</td><td>Betafilamentovirus</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Betafilamentovirus cocongregatae</td><td>Cotesia congregata filamentous virus 1</td><td>OY734801</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Betafilamentovirus altercocongregatae</td><td>Cotesia congregata filamentous virus 2</td><td>OR120048</td></tr></tbody></table>

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007D.Filamentoviridae_1nf_2ngen_3nsp.zip.
## 2024.008D.Parvoviridae_55nsp

**Title:** Creating 55 new species in family *Parvoviridae*

**Authors:** Pénzes J (Judycash08@gmail.com), Canuti M, François S, Söderlund-Venermo M

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Subfamily *Densovirinae*, genera *Blattambidensovirus*, *Scindoambidensovirus*, *Protoambidensovirus*, *Aquambidensovirus*; subfamily *Parvovirinae*, genera *Aveparvovirus*, *Bocaparvovirus*, *Dependoparvovirus*, *Protoparvovirus*

**Description of current taxonomy:**

The family currently includes:

- Subfamily *Densovirinae* with 11 genera and 38 species

- Subfamily *Parvovirinae* with 11 genera and 107 species

- Subfamily *Hamaparvovirinae* with 5 genera and 42 species

- Unassigned genus *Metalloincertoparvovirus* with one species

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

This taxonomic proposal describes the creation of 26 new species in the subfamily *Densovirinae* and of 29 new species in the subfamily *Parvovirinae*. Additionally, the virus sequence derived from sequencing approach criteria was modified to allow for the classification of sequences derived from cDNA-based metatranscriptomes if specific criteria are met.

**Justification:**

Several novel parvoviruses have been described in the literature that fulfil the criteria to be classified as separate species. Additionally, various coding-complete genomes derived from metatranscriptomic experiments have been published, and the virus definition was changed to allow the classification of these viruses if there are reasons to believe that the sequences originate from viral DNA, i.e. the sample preparation did not involve a DNase treatment step.

**Submitted:** 08/06/24

**Table 8.** *Parvoviridae*, 55 new taxa*. Table too large, see supplementary information sheetsupp_info_tab_8

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008D.Parvoviridae_55nsp.zip.*

## 2024.009D.Anelloviridae_4ngen_70nsp

**Title:** Establish 4 new genera, 70 new species and abolish 1 genus in the family *Anelloviridae*

**Authors:** Kraberger S (simona.kraberger@asu.edu), Opriessnig T, Maggi F, Celer V, Okamoto H, Biagini P, Krupovic M, Varsani A

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Genus, species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

The family *Anelloviridae* currently includes 34 genera and 173 species [20]. Over the last few years, numerous diverse anelloviruses have been identified in various animals. Classification is based on the species demarcation criteria of 69% ORF1 nucleotide pairwise identity and phylogenetic analyses [20].

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Add 70 new species to accommodate the unclassified anelloviruses and add four (4) new genera.

**Justification:**

Here, we update the current anellovirus taxonomy by undertaking an analysis of anelloviruses whose full genome sequences have been determined. These changes are based on the species demarcation criteria of 69% ORF1 nucleotide pairwise identity and updated phylogenetic analyses of the ORF1 protein sequences.

**Submitted:** 14/06/24; **Revised:** 04/10/24

**Table 9.** *Anelloviridae*, 74 new taxa*. Table too large, see supplementary information sheetsupp_info_tab_9
<table><caption>**Table 10.** *Anelloviridae*, 6 move; rename taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Old parent taxon</th><th>New parent taxon</th><th>Old taxon name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Upsilon torque virus ursid6</td><td>Dalettorquevirus</td><td>Upsilon torque virus</td><td>Dalettorquevirus ursid6</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Sadetorquevirus hominid8</td><td>Hetorquevirus</td><td>Sadetorquevirus</td><td>Hetorquevirus hominid8</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Sadetorquevirus hominid7</td><td>Hetorquevirus</td><td>Sadetorquevirus</td><td>Hetorquevirus hominid7</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Petorquevirus ixodi1</td><td>Thetatorquevirus</td><td>Petorquevirus</td><td>Thetatorquevirus ixodi1</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Petorquevirus canid1</td><td>Thetatorquevirus</td><td>Petorquevirus</td><td>Thetatorquevirus canid1</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Petorquevirus viver4</td><td>Thetatorquevirus</td><td>Petorquevirus</td><td>Thetatorquevirus viver4</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 11.** *Anelloviridae*, 1 abolish taxon*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>Abolished taxon name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Abolish taxon</td><td>Genus</td><td>Dalettorquevirus</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.010D.Varidnaviria_reorg

**Title:** Reorganization of the realm *Varidnaviria*

**Authors:** Koonin EV (koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Fischer MG, Yutin N, Kuhn JH, Krupovic M (mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr).

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Realm (*Varidnaviria*)

**Description of current taxonomy:**

The realm currently includes two kingdoms: *Bamfordvirae* (two phyla with a total of six classes and one unassigned family) and *Helvetiavirae* (one phylum including one class)

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Create a new realm to accommodate *Helvetiavirae*; create a new varidnavirian kingdom to accommodate five (5) previously bamfordviraen orders; create two (2) subphyla in the bamfordviraen phylum *Preplasmiviricota*, assigning *Tectiliviricetes* to one and the remaining taxa to the other, which is also expanded by three (3) new classes to accommodate polinton-like viruses and *Adenoviridae*.

**Justification:**

A thorough genomic and proteomic analysis revealed previously unrecognized evolutionary relationships among the various varidnaviraen taxa.

**Submitted:** 21/06/24; **Revised:** 04/10/24

<table><caption>**Table 12.** *Varidnaviria*, 13 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Exemplar</th><th>Accession</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Realm</td><td>Singelaviria</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Kingdom</td><td>Abadenavirae</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Phylum</td><td>Produgelaviricota</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Belvinaviricetes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Subphylum</td><td>Prepoliviricotina</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Subphylum</td><td>Polisuviricotina</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Pharingeaviricetes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Aquintoviricetes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Archintovirales</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Phypoliviridae</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009D.Anelloviridae_4ngen_70nsp.zip.</footnote>
<table><caption>**Table 12. Continued**</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Exemplar</th><th>Accession</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Genus</td><td>Tetrivirus</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Tetrivirus crimaeaense</td><td>Tetraselmis viridis virus S1</td><td>HQ332143</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Mriyaviricetes</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 13.** *Varidnaviria*, 11 move taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>Taxon name</th><th>Old parent taxon</th><th>New parent taxon</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Kingdom</td><td>Helvetiavirae</td><td>Varidnaviria</td><td>Singelaviria</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Ainoaviricetes</td><td>Preplasmiviricota</td><td>Produgelaviricota</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Atroposvirales</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Belvinaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Belfryvirales</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Belvinaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Coyopavirales</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Belvinaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Vinavirales</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Belvinaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Autolykiviridae</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Vinavirales</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Preplasmiviricota</td><td>Prepoliviricotina</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Rowavirales</td><td>Tectiliviricetes</td><td>Pharingeaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Polintoviricetes</td><td>Preplasmiviricota</td><td>Polisuviricotina</td></tr><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Yaraviridae</td><td>Bamfordvirae</td><td>Mriyaviricetes</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 14.** *Varidnaviria*, 3 move; rename taxa*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Old parent taxon</th><th>New parent taxon</th><th>Old taxon name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Virophaviricetes</td><td>Preplasmiviricota</td><td>Polisuviricotina</td><td>Maveriviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Eupolintoviridae</td><td>Orthopolintovirales</td><td>Amphintovirales</td><td>Adintoviridae</td></tr><tr><td>Move; rename taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Amphintovirales</td><td>Polintoviricetes</td><td>Polintoviricetes</td><td>Orthopolintovirales</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 15.** *Varidnaviria*, 1 rename taxon*</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Rank</th><th>New taxon name</th><th>Previous taxon name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Asfivirus haemorrhagiae</td><td>African swine fever virus</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.012D.Shotokuvirae_newphylum

**Title:** Create a new phylum *Commensaviricota* for the kingdom *Shotokuvirae* and the family *Anelloviridae*

**Authors:** Varsani A, Butkovic A, Kraberger S, Koonin EV, Krupovic M (mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr).

### Summary

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

*Monodnaviria, Shotokuvirae*

**Description of current taxonomy:**

The kingdom *Shotokuvirae* includes two (2) phyla, for eukaryotic ssDNA and related dsDNA viruses classified into the phyla *Cressdnaviricota* and *Cossaviricota*, respectively. *Anelloviridae* is the only family of eukaryotic ssDNA viruses not assigned to the realm *Monodnaviria*.

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Move the family *Anelloviridae* into a new order, within a new class and a new phylum *Commensaviricota* within the kingdom *Shotokuvirae*. The intermediate taxa between the phylum and family will be the order *Sanitavirales* and the class *Cardeaviricetes*.

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010D.Varidnaviria_reorg.zip.</footnote>
**Justification:**

Sequence and structural comparisons suggest that anelloviruses evolved from a circovirus-like ancestor through gradual augmentation of the capsid protein and loss of the Rep protein genes.

**Submitted:** 24/06/24

<table><caption>**Table 16.** *Shotokuvirae*, 3 new taxa*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>New taxon name</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Phylum</td><td>Commensaviricota</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Class</td><td>Cardeaviricetes</td></tr><tr><td>New taxon</td><td>Order</td><td>Sanitavirales</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 17.** *Shotokuvirae*, 1 move taxon*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>Taxon name</td><td>Old parent taxon</td><td>New parent taxon</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Move taxon</td><td>Family</td><td>Anelloviridae</td><td></td><td>Sanitavirales</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2024.013D.Belpaoviridae_spren

**Title:** Rename all species to conform with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (Ortervirales: Belpaoviridae)

**Authors:** Krupovic M (mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr), Kuhn JH

**Summary**

**Taxonomic rank(s) affected:**

Species

**Description of current taxonomy:**

*Belpaoviridae: Semotivirus* (11 species).

**Proposed taxonomic change(s):**

Rename all belpaovirid/semotivirus species to conform with the ICTV-mandated binomial format.

**Justification:**

Species in the family *Belpaoviridae* do not conform with the ICTV-mandated binomial format.

**Submitted:** 21/06/24

<table><caption>**Table 18.** *Belpaoviridae*, 11 rename taxa*</caption><thead><tr><td>Operation</td><td>Rank</td><td>New taxon name</td><td>Previous taxon name</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus mooseanophelae</td><td>Anopheles gambiae Moose virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus tamyantheraeae</td><td>Antheraea semotivirus Tamy</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus tasascaridis</td><td>Ascaris lumbricoides Tas virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus paobombycis</td><td>Bombyx mori Pao virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus certredecimum</td><td>Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus beldrosophilae</td><td>Drosophila melanogaster Bel virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus roodrosophilae</td><td>Drosophila melanogaster Roo virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus maxdrosophilae</td><td>Drosophila semotivirus Max</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus ninjadrosophilae</td><td>Drosophila simulans Ninja virus</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus sinbadschistosomae</td><td>Schistosoma semotivirus Sinbad</td></tr><tr><td>Rename taxon</td><td>Species</td><td>Semotivirus suzutakifugu</td><td>Takifugu rubripes Suzu virus</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.012D.Shotokuvirae_newphylum.zip.</footnote>

<footnote>*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013D.Belpaoviridae_spren.zip.</footnote>
**Author affiliations:** ¹The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; ²Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria; ³Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ⁴Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK; ⁵HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary; ⁶Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France; ⁷Equipe Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, UMR 7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; ⁸National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK; ⁹Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France; ¹⁰Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; ¹¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic; ¹²Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; ¹³DGMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France; ¹⁴Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne CEDEX F-69622, France; ¹⁵Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDAARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA; ¹⁶University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; ¹⁷Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; ¹⁸Institute for Biological Control, Julius Kühn-Institut, Dossenheim, Germany; ¹⁹Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; ²⁰Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; ²¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; ²²Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA; ²³Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; ²⁴Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; ²⁵Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; ²⁶Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK; ²⁷Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA; ²⁸Ruder Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; ²⁹International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Jersey City, USA; ³⁰Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; ³¹Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; ³²Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290, Helsinki, Finland; ³³Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; ³⁴Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.

**Keywords:** Abadenavirae; African swine fever virus; Alphabaculovirus alterhycuneae; Alphabaculovirus altermaconfiguratae; Alphabaculovirus pastagnalis; Alphabaculovirus pavitrealis; Alphabaculovirus spocosmioidis; Alphafilamentovirus; Alphafilamentovirus leboulardi; Alphapolyomavirus castoris; Alphapolyomavirus epserotini; Alphapolyomavirus myodaubentonii; Amphintovirales; Anopheles gambiae Moose virus; Antheraea semotivirus Tamy; Aquambidensovirus asteroid10; Aquambidensovirus asteroid11; Aquambidensovirus asteroid12; Aquambidensovirus asteroid13; Aquambidensovirus asteroid14; Aquambidensovirus asteroid15; Aquambidensovirus asteroid16; Aquambidensovirus asteroid17; Aquambidensovirus asteroid18; Aquambidensovirus asteroid19; Aquambidensovirus asteroid20; Aquambidensovirus asteroid21; Aquambidensovirus asteroid22; Aquambidensovirus asteroid3; Aquambidensovirus asteroid4; Aquambidensovirus asteroid5; Aquambidensovirus asteroid6; Aquambidensovirus asteroid7; Aquambidensovirus asteroid8; Aquambidensovirus asteroid9; Quintoviricetes; Archintovirales; Ascaris lumbricoides Ta virus; Asfivirus haemorrhagiae; Aveparvovirus anseriform1; Aveparvovirus avian1; Aveparvovirus galliform2; Aveparvovirus passeriform3; Aveparvovirus psittacine1; Aveparvovirus psittacine2; Aviadenvirus cerasi; Aviadenvirus orioli; Aviadenvirus oti; Aviadenvirus phalacrocoracidae; Aviadenvirus roseae; Ayintorquevirus; Ayintorquevirus ursid28; Bamfordvirae; Barthadenovirus gerygones; Barthadenovirus varani; Barthadenovirus zootherae; Barthadenovirus zootocae; Belvinaviricetes; Betabaculovirus psincretae; Betafilamentovirus altercocongregatae; Betafilamentovirus chiropteran6; Bocaparvovirus chiropteran6; Bocaparvovirus incertum2; Bocaparvovirus incertum3; Bocaparvovirus incertum4; Bocaparvovirus ungulate10; Bombyx mori Pao virus; Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus; Cardeaviricetes; Circovirus baizhenhe; Circovirus dever; Circovirus patkany; Circovirus python; Circovirus razbora; Commensaviricota; Dalettorvirus; Dependoparvovirus anseriform2; Dependoparvovirus anseriform3; Dependoparvovirus anseriform4; Dependoparvovirus anseriform5; Dependoparvovirus carnivoran2; Dependoparvovirus carnivoran3; Dependoparvovirus carnivoran4; Dependoparvovirus carnivoran5; Dependoparvovirus carnivoran6; Dependoparvovirus passeriform1; Dependoparvovirus passeriform2; Dependoparvovirus rodent3; Dependoparvovirus rodent4; Drosophila melanogaster Bel virus; Drosophila melanogaster Roo virus; Drosophila semotivirus Max; Drosophila simulans Ninja virus; Etatorquevirus felid17; Etatorquevirus felid18; Etatorquevirus felid19; Etatorquevirus felid20; Etatorquevirus felid21; Etatorquevirus felid22; Etatorquevirus felid24; Etatorquevirus felid25; Etatorquevirus felid26; Etatorquevirus felid27; Etatorquevirus felid28; Etatorquevirus felid35; Eupolintiviridae; Filamentoviridae; Gimeltorquevirus ursid26; Gimeltorquevirus ursid27; Gyrovirus anas1; Gyrovirus anas2; Gyrovirus chauna1; Hetorquevirus; Iotatorquevirus ursid17; Mastadenovirus arvicolinae; Mastadenovirus capreoli; Mastadenovirus cardiodermatis; Mastadenovirus desmodi; Mastadenovirus fructus; Mastadenovirus marmotae; Mastadenovirus vespertilionis; Monodnaviria; Mriyaviricetes; Nucleocyotiviridae; Omicrontorvirus ursid16; Petorquirus; Petorquirus canid1; Petorquirus ixod1; Petorquirus viver4; Pharingeaviricetes; Phypoliviridae; Pitorquevirus ursid18; Pitorquevirus ursid19; Pitorquevirus ursid20; Pitorquevirus ursid21; Pitorquevirus ursid22; Pitorquevirus ursid23; Pitorquevirus ursid24; Pitorquevirus ursid25; Pitorquevirus ursid29; Polisuviricotina; Preplasmiviricota; Preplolviricotina; Produgelaviricota; Protoambidensovirus incertum2; Protoambidensovirus incertum3; Protoambidensovirus incertum4; Protoambidensovirus incertum5; Protoparvovirus carnivoran6; Protoparvovirus carnivoran7; Protoparvovirus carnivoran8; Protoparvovirus chiropteran2; Qoptorquevirus; Qoptorquevirus delphin1; Qoptorquevirus delphin10; Qoptorquevirus delphin11; Qoptorquevirus delphin12; Qoptorquevirus delphin13; Qoptorquevirus delphin14; Qoptorquevirus delphin15; Qoptorquevirus delphin16; Qoptorquevirus delphin17; Qoptorquevirus delphin18; Qoptorquevirus delphin19; Qoptorquevirus delphin2; Qoptorquevirus delphin20; Qoptorquevirus delphin21; Qoptorquevirus delphin22; Qoptorquevirus delphin3; Qoptorquevirus delphin4; Qoptorquevirus delphin5; Qoptorquevirus delphin6; Qoptorquevirus delphin7; Qoptorquevirus delphin8; Qoptorquevirus delphin9; Rhotorquevirus rodfelid1; Sadetorquevirus; Sadetorquevirus homin7; Sadetorquevirus homin8; Sanitavirales; Schistosoma semotivirus Sinbad; Scindoambidensovirus dipteran1; Semotivirus beldrosophilae; Semotivirus certredecircum; Semotivirus maxdrosophilae; Semotivirus mooseanophelae; Semotivirus ninjadrosophilae; Semotivirus paobombycis; Semotivirus roodrosophilae; Semotivirus sinbadschistosomae; Semotivirus suzutakifugu; Semotivirus tamyantheraeae; Semotivirus tasascardis; Singelaviria; Takifugu rubripes Suzu virus; Tetrivirus; Tetrivirus crimaeaense; Thetatorquevirus; Thetatorquevirus ursid14; Thetatorquevirus ursid15; Upsilontorquevirus; Upsilontorquevirus ursid6; Varidnaviria; Virophaviricetes; Zayintorquevirus felid10; Zayintorquevirus felid11; Zayintorquevirus felid12; Zayintorquevirus felid13; Zayintorquevirus felid14; Zayintorquevirus felid15; Zayintorquevirus felid16; Zayintorquevirus felid29; Zayintorquevirus felid30; Zayintorquevirus felid31; Zayintorquevirus felid32; Zayintorquevirus felid33; Zayintorquevirus felid34; Zayintorquevirus felid7; Zayintorquevirus felid8; Zayintorquevirus felid9.

**ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium:** Adriaenssens E.M.; Alfenas-Zerbini P.; Aylward F.O.; Freitas-Astúa J.; Hendrickson R.C.; Hughes H.R.; Lefkowitz E.J.; Łobocka M.; Mayne R.; Mushegian A.R.; Oksanen H.M.; Reyes Muñoz A.; Robertson D.L.; Roux S.; Rubino L.; Sabanadzovic S.; Simmonds P.; Smith D.B.; Suzuki N.; Turner D.; Van Doorslaer K.; Zerbini F.M.

**Funding information**

This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services, a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. This work was partly supported by grant K146808 from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary awarded to B.H. This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24AI162625. H.M.O. was supported by the University of Helsinki and the Research Council of Finland by funding for FINStruct and Instruct Centre FI, part of Biocenter Finland and Instruct-ERIC and Horizon MSCA 101120407.

Acknowledgements

We thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript. This is a publication of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), a non-profit, volunteer committee of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiology Societies (IUMS). The ICTV does not represent or endorse the views and actions of governments or the institutions or organisations for which its co-authors work.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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