# APPENDIX 2

<table><caption>Table 1 for the collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of railways projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items<br>Detaild phases</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of transport</th><th>HABITATS MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>General aspects</th><th>GUIDE / TAXON</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Regional strategic planning</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project study by the main contractor</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Construction</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>Operation & Maintenance</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Upgrading</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late and detailed ornamental study)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate, compensate</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>All phases, educations, publications</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>RAILWAYS</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>24</td><td>6</td><td>60</td><td>14</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>6</td><td>140</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2 for the number of cells available for collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of railways projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of transport</th><th>HABITATS MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>General aspects</th><th>GUIDE / TAXON</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic planning</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Regional strategic planning</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project study</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Construction</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>Operation & Maintenance</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Upgrading</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late and detailed ornamental study)</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate, compensate</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>All phases, educations, publications</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>RAILWAYS</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>22</td><td>11</td><td>66</td><td>33</td><td>121</td><td>33</td><td>22</td><td>33</td><td>11</td><td>352</td></tr></tbody></table>
APPENDIX 3

<table><caption>Table 1 for the collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of waterways projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of transport</th><th>HABITATS MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>General aspects</th><th>GUIDE / TAXON</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Regional strategic planning</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project study</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>Operation & Maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late and detailed)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate, and compensate</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>All phases, educations, publications</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WATERWAYS</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>13</td><td>7</td><td>20</td><td>12</td><td>3</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>67</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2 for the number of cells available for collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of waterways projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of HABITATS MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topic</th><th>General aspects</th><th>TAXON</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Regional strategic planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project study</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Construction</td><td>Construction</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late and detailed)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate, compensate, construction/install</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>All phases, educations, publications</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>WATERWAYS</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>10</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td>30</td><td>60</td><td>30</td><td>10</td><td>20</td><td>10</td><td>220</td></tr></tbody></table>
# APPENDIX 4

<table><caption>Table 1 for the collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of airports projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of transport</th><th>HABITATS MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>Guides General aspects</th><th>Guides taxon</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>DESIGN</td><td>Regional strategic</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Early education</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>Late studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Detailed project</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Maintenance</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>Avoid, mitigate, compensate measures, publications, information</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>AIRPORTS</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>19</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>0</td><td>48</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2 for the number of cells available for collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of airports projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items</th><th>LEGISLATION AND REGULATION</th><th>Interactions with other mode(s) of transport</th><th>Habitats mapping</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURE</th><th>VALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>Guides General aspects</th><th>Guides taxon</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>STRATEGIC PLANNING (national & regional)</td><td>National strategic</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>DESIGN</td><td>Regional strategic</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Early studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Operation / maintenance / Upgrading</td><td>Late studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Detailed project study by the Construction</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study stages</td><td>Maintenance</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders engagements</td><td>Rehabilitation (Late and Avoid, mitigate, compensate measures, construction/inst</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>AIRPORTS</td><td>All phases, educations, publications, information to diverse public</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>TOTAL</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>10</td><td>30</td><td>10</td><td>60</td><td>20</td><td>10</td><td>20</td><td>10</td><td>180</td></tr></tbody></table>
# APPENDIX 5

<table><caption>Table 1 for the collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of powerlines projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items<br>Detaild phases</th><th>LEGISLATION<br>AND<br>REGULATION</th><th>Interactions<br>with other<br>mode(s) of<br>transport</th><th>HABITATS<br>MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>Guides<br>General<br>aspects</th><th>Guides /<br>Taxon</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING<br>(national & regional)</td><td>National strategic<br>planning</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Regional strategic<br>planning</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project<br>study by the<br>stakeholder</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Construction</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Operation /<br>maintenance /<br>Upgrading</td><td>Operation &<br>maintenance</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Upgrading</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late<br>and detailed<br>project study</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study<br>stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate,<br>compensate<br>measures &<br>evaluation</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders<br>engagements</td><td>All phases</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>POWERLINES</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>18</td><td>11</td><td>0</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>49</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2 for the number of cells available for collection of Good Practices distributed among mains items and life cycle phases of powerlines projects for gap analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>PHASES</th><th>Main items<br>Detaild phases</th><th>LEGISLATION<br>AND<br>REGULATION</th><th>Interactions<br>with other<br>mode(s) of<br>transport</th><th>HABITATS<br>MAPPING</th><th>IMPACTS</th><th>MEASURES</th><th>EVALUATION</th><th>Other topics</th><th>Guides<br>General<br>aspects</th><th>Guides /<br>Taxon</th><th>TOTAL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">STRATEGIC PLANNING<br>(national & regional)</td><td>National strategic<br>planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Regional<br>strategic<br>planning</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">DESIGN</td><td>Early studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Late studies</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Detailed project<br>study by the<br>stakeholder</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Construction</td><td>Construction</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Operation /<br>maintenance /<br>Upgrading</td><td>Operation &<br>maintenance</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Upgrading</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Decommissioning</td><td>Restoration (Late<br>and detailed<br>project study<br>measures)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Applied in study<br>stages</td><td>Avoid, mitigate,<br>compensate<br>measures &<br>evaluation</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders<br>engagements</td><td>All phases</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>POWERLINES</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>33</td><td>11</td><td>77</td><td>33</td><td>11</td><td>22</td><td>11</td><td>220</td></tr></tbody></table>
<figure><img src="image_114.png" /></figure>

# APPENDIX 6

Initial list of 'Gaps and barriers' compiled through the different methods explained in Section 2.1.

1. Weak inter-sectoral cooperation between Ministries.

2. Weak inter-sectoral cooperation between Ministries' departments.

3. Law regulation and legislation text alignment in some federal countries.

4. Lack of interest.

5. Lack of political will.

6. Gap between the objectives of the policy and the local political pressures not to implement them properly.

7. Lack of funding.

8. Lack of channeling budgets for this matter.

9. Low level of awareness of employees of transport policy sector in EU-SGI, EU-SB issues.

10. Lobbying of industry.

11. Policy on ecologically sustainable and biodiversity friendly Transport.

12. Lack of coordination among regional governments.

13. Weak cooperation between ministries and local / regional state services.

14. Economy has more priority than ecology (nature protection).

15. Many provisions on paper only.

16. Low level of knowledge across stakeholders.

17. Lack of awareness at high political level, particularly from Transport Sector.

18. Lack of coordination between authorities in charge of biodiversity management.

19. Lack on the strategic level implementation.

20. Lack of awareness from policy-makers and/or technical staff.

21. Lack of standards and regulation from transportation sector.

22. Lack of national/regional policies and strategies that include the general principles of the EU-SGI and EU-SB 2030.

23. Lack of guidelines and technical prescriptions to undertake the actions.

24. Deficits in the knowledge of the species or in the access to this knowledge.

25. Lack of real efficient evaluation of mitigation and compensation measures.

26. Lack of R+D and Innovation programs to promote and fund new technologies in the scenario of global change need (to be developed in coordination transport/biodiversity stakeholders).

27. Lack of monitoring and dissemination of the results about effectiveness of mitigation measures already applied (fauna passages, measures to increase traffic safety by reducing Animal-Vehicle Collisions, etc.). 'Learning by Doing' process.

28. Standardized process to identify AVC hotspots.

29. Accessible databases with information regarding roadkill, ecological corridors...

30. Systematic inventories of crossing structures.

31. Standardized process to identify areas to defragment, areas for compensation...
32. Accessible information regarding areas to defragment and/or for compensation (databases, maps...).

33. Consideration of climate change in the environmental evaluation of transportation plans and projects.

34. Climate change adaptation plan.

35. Spatial planning tools and integrative management of ecological corridors.

36. Effective communication of knowledge available to decision-makers, engineers, field crews...

37. Methodology for risk identification considering biodiversity, climate change...

38. Multidisciplinar committees and guidelines.

39. Species sensitivity table to LTI impacts.

40. Landscape insertion of road infrastructures: methodological tools and good design practices.

41. Legal deposit of raw biodiversity data.

42. EIA dynamic modelling.

43. Consideration of ES in EIA.

44. Standardized approach to compensation.

45. Sharing lessons learnt wildlife passages building and monitoring.

46. Citizen involvement.

47. Species distribution and dispersal models and LTI.

48. Vegetation management and maintenance plans.

49. Criteria for fauna passages establishment.

50. Insect mark-capture-recapture surveys.

51. Stakeholder involvement.

52. Environmental assessment monitoring commission in TI projects.

53. Connectivity indicators.

54. Habitat fragmentation indicators.

55. Monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness of mitigation measures.

56. AVC Monitoring.

57. Post-construction fauna monitoring.

58. Road verges management and maintenance policy to enhance biodiversity.

59. Easily accessible information on biodiversity assets and management.

60. Habitat zoning.

61. Guidelines/policies for connectivity restoration after decommissioning.

62. Systematic drainage adaptation to provide connectivity.

63. Guidelines/policies for standardization of compensation measures.

64. Integration of EU-SGI and EU-BS2030 into national transport policies.

65. Lack of coordination and cooperation between transport and environmental sectors.

66. Lack of Environmental Monitoring Programs in National Transport Plans.

67. Lack of methodologies and tools to measure impacts correctly.

68. Lack of data (or access to it).

69. Lack of cross-cutting EU legislation on soil artificialization, forest protection...

70. Improve stakeholder involvement.

71. Improve cross sectoral cooperation.

72. Cost of measures for ecological connectivity and climate change adaptation/mitigation.

73. Political demands for fast project implementation.

74. Personal data rights use on automatic animal detection devices registering cars and their passengers that must be not recognized.

75. Lack of knowledge.

76. Lack of political will.
77. Economy has more priority than ecology (nature).

78. Environmental externalities are not sufficiently integrated into decision-making process.

79. Lack of (ecological) awareness during the design phase.

80. Capacity and enthusiasm in developers.

81. Lack of clear guidelines about what measures to apply.

82. Lack of specialists in key positions.

83. Lack of baseline data on biodiversity and connectivity.

84. Regional services are pressured and don't have enough resources (time notably) to do their job properly.

85. Understanding the importance of biodiversity protection and safeguarding ecological connectivity.

86. Unwillingness of actors for changing traditional solutions.

87. Private ownership of adjacent land.

88. Lack of budget.

89. Lack of knowledge/education in the technical staff and field crews.

90. Lack of political interest.

91. Economy is considered as more important than ecology (nature protection).

92. Implementation of standards, guidelines, policies.

93. Opposing lobbying.

94. Nature Conservation and Spatial Planning are in competence of the federal states and the communities.

95. Lack of constraints on infrastructure managers in the operational phase.

96. Lack of guts to try new and or different things.

97. Lack of control.

98. In Romania, a comprehensive technical guidance has been developed in TRANSGREEN project, however, the documents has not been approved officially by the two relevant ministries (transport and environment) – despite the fact that it was developed with involvement of Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Environment (having the quality of Strategic Associated Partners in the project).
Initial lists of 'Gaps and barriers' presented at BISON Mid-term seminar (June 2021 – Paris, France) organized by categories.

## 'Gaps and barriers' in Legislation and Funding

1. Incomplete integration of EU SGI and EU BS2030 into Transport National policies.

2. Legislation alignment within countries with federal administrations.

3. Lack of policy, standards and regulations on ecologically sustainable and biodiversity friendly Transport.

4. Lack of policies/guidelines to standardize compensation measures.

5. Lack of enough funding (often but not only due to low priority of ecology).

6. Personal data rights use on automatic animal detection devices registering cars and their passengers that must be not recognized.

7. Lack of official approval for official guidelines even if they are agreed among the relevant ministries.

8. Lack of legal deposits (database/repository) of biodiversity raw data.

9. Lack of policies/guidelines for connectivity restoration after decommissioning.

10. Lack of EU legislation on cross-cutting topics, such as soil artificialization, forest protection...
## 'Gaps and barriers' in Governance, Communication and Cooperation

1. Weak coordination/cooperation between Ministries/regional governments.

2. Weak coordination/cooperation between biodiversity/transportation/spatial planning administrations.

3. Lobbying of industry/Opposing lobbying.

4. Lack of multistakeholder governance approach and stakeholder/citizen involvement.

5. Lack of effective communication of available knowledge to decision-makers, engineers, field crews...

6. No sharing lessons learnt regarding wildlife passages building and monitoring.

7. Gap between the objectives of the policy and the local political pressures not to implement them properly.

8. Lack of political interest/willingness.

9. Political demands for fast project implementation.

10. Pressures on biodiversity/transport services and lack of resources (time notably).

11. Lack of specialists in key positions.

12. Private ownership of adjacent land limits measures to apply.

13. Unwillingness of actors for changing traditional solutions.

14. Lack of capacity and enthusiasm in developers.

15. Many provisions on paper only (It could refer to: lack of accessibility or lack of application).

16. Lack on the strategic level implementation.

17. Low level of awareness of employees of transport policy sector in EU-SGI, EU-SB issues.

18. Lack of awareness at high political level and among policy-makers, particularly from Transport Sector.

19. Lack of awareness from technical staff, particularly but not only at the design phase.

20. Understanding the importance of biodiversity protection and safeguarding ecological connectivity.

21. Lack of opportunities to try and apply innovative solutions.
‘Gaps and barriers’ in Knowledge, Research and Innovation

1. Deficits in the knowledge of the species or in the access to this knowledge.

2. Lack of information regarding species sensibilities to TI Projects.

3. Lack of baseline data on biodiversity and connectivity.

4. Lack of monitoring and dissemination of the results about effectiveness of mitigation and compensation measures.

5. Lack of information regarding animal mortality due to TI, ecological corridors.

6. Appropriate zoning in HTI.

7. Lack of information (or access to it) regarding areas to defragment, for compensation, ecological corridors... (databases, maps...).

8. Lack of indicators (connectivity, habitat fragmentation...).

9. Comprehensive inventories of crossing structures (databases, maps).

10. Lack of criteria for fauna passages establishment.

11. Accurate knowledge on species distribution and dispersal versus TI.

12. Insect mark-capture-recapture surveys.

13. Knowledge on how to adapt transversal structures to face climate change and increase permeability at the same time.

14. Lack of R+D and Innovation programs to promote and fund new technologies in the scenario of global change need.
## ‘Gaps and barriers’ in Tools and Procedures

1. Need of improvement of EIA method to include, i.e.: ecosystem services and dynamic modelling.

2. Environmental externalities are not sufficiently integrated into decision-making process.

3. Lack of standardized methodology to apply compensation measures.

4. Lack of standard methodology to measure TI impacts on biodiversity.

5. Lack of standard methodology to evaluate mitigation measures effectiveness.

6. Lack of clear guidelines and technical prescriptions to apply measures.

7. Lack on Environmental Monitoring Programs in National Transport Plans.

8. Lack of control (on biodiversity issues) on infrastructure managers in the operational phase.

9. Lack of appropriate methodological tools to integrate TI into the landscape.

10. Difficult access to biodiversity information: defragmentation, compensation, road mortality, ecological corridors, ecological assets management.

11. Lack of environmental assessment monitoring commission in TI projects (T).

12. Lack of standard protocol to collect information on AVC and identify hotspots.

13. Lack of standard process to identify areas to defragment, for compensation measures...

14. Management and maintenance policies and plans to enhance biodiversity on verges and other HTI.

15. Consideration of climate change in environmental evaluation of transportation projects.

16. Absence of a Climate Change adaptation plan.

17. Standardized methodology for climate change risk evaluation.

18. Systematic adaptation of drainages to face climate change and improve connectivity.
# APPENDIX 8

Lists of 'Gaps and barriers' presented at IENE2022 Conference (September 2022 - Cluj-Napoca, Romania) organized by categories. In the top half of the tables are included the 'Gaps and barriers' prioritised in the first workshop.

## 'Gaps and barriers' in Legislation and Funding

1. Lack of EU policies/guidelines to standardize compensation measures and connectivity restoration after decommissioning.

2. Lack of policy, standards and regulations on ecologically sustainable and biodiversity friendly Transport.

3. Lack of official approval for official guidelines even if they are agreed among the relevant ministries.

4. Lack of legal repositories/databases of biodiversity raw data.

5. Incomplete integration of EU SGI and EU BS2030 into Transport National policies.

6. Lack of alignment on legislation within countries with federal administrations.

7. Lack of funding (often but not only due to low priority of ecology).

8. Personal data rights use on automatic animal detection devices registering cars and their passengers.

9. Lack of standard methodology to measure TI impacts on biodiversity.

10. Neglecting available knowledge regarding ecological corridors due to contradictions between different corridor approaches and/or planning levels.

11. Lack of EU legislation on cross-cutting topics, such as soil artificialization, forest protection...
## 'Gaps and barriers' in Governance, Communication and Cooperation

1. Lack of effective communication of available knowledge to decision-makers, engineers, field crews... Need to share both successes and failures.

2. Lack of capacity/understanding between TI developers and other stakeholders. Capacity building is considered a crucial cross-sector issue.

3. Lack of awareness/willingness about biodiversity Strategies among policy-makers particularly from transport sector.

4. Lack of awareness of citizens, including children education (needed to influence decision makers, policies etc.).

5. Weak coordination/cooperation between Ministries/regional/local governments. Within and among countries (trans-border cooperation).

6. Lobbying of infrastructure 'industry' (manufacturers and others) to keep business as usual'.

7. Unwillingness of actors for changing traditional solutions ('fear of failure', 'aversion to risk', 'fear of legal consequences').

8. Lack of education of transport technical staff about potential solutions and actions to mainstream biodiversity. Need for Training seminars, special courses, hybrid training.

9. Weak coordination/cooperation between biodiversity/transportation/ spatial planning administrations.

10. Political demands for fast project implementation in contrast with long-term required to develop infrastructure.

11. Lack of specialists in key positions with decision and cooperation capacity.

12. Lack of knowledge about cost of biodiversity loss, collisions with vehicles, etc. 'What is the cost of no action?', 'How a sustainable infrastructure should be?'

13. Lack of multistakeholder governance approach and stakeholder/citizen involvement.

14. Lack on the strategic level implementation.

15. Lack of awareness and knowledge from technical staff, particularly but not only at the design phase. Knowledge transfer to practitioners into practical guidelines.

16. Understanding the importance of biodiversity protection and safeguarding ecological connectivity.

17. Lack of continuation of EU Projects.

18. Gap between the objectives of the policy and the local actions.

19. Need for psychological science to help the collaboration.

20. Lack of resources (time notably) and pressures on biodiversity/technical staff.

21. Private ownership of adjacent land limits measures to apply.
22. Lack of opportunities to try and apply innovative solutions.

## ‘Gaps and barriers’ in Knowledge, Research and Innovation

1. Deficits in the knowledge and baseline data at large scale (populations, landscapes, ecosystem services, ecological connectivity, cumulative impacts...) or in the access to this knowledge.

2. Lack of long-term monitoring and dissemination of the results about effectiveness of mitigation and compensation measures (include also information about failures).

3. Inappropriate impact indicators or inappropriate methods for data gathering (neglecting small and non-endangered species; use vs effectiveness, etc).

4. Knowledge on how to adapt transversal structures to face climate change and increase permeability at the same time. Need to anticipate CC effects when designing mitigation measures and reassess over time due to changing conditions.

5. Lack of definitions and criteria for ‘biodiversity-friendly’ TI by transport mode. Including materials for new TI.

6. Lack of research on cost-effectiveness analyses to communicate better with decision-makers.

7. Comprehensive inventories of crossing structures (databases, maps) identifying their ecological role.

8. Need for research specifically on effects of disturbances (noise, light, chemical pollution, dust...) and their cumulative effects.

9. Lack of information (or access to it) regarding areas to defragment, for compensation, ecological corridors... (databases, maps...).

10. Lack of R+D and Innovation programs to promote and fund new technologies in the scenario of global change need.

11. Lack of information regarding animal mortality due to TI, ecological corridors...

12. Lack of criteria for fauna passages establishment.

13. Accurate knowledge on species distribution and dispersal versus TI.

14. Insect mark-capture-recapture surveys.

15. Special research is needed e. g. for the assessment of the impact of stepping stone biotope topology and for barrier impacts of different land use.

16. Guidelines for the delineation of impact areas of barrier effects and “parity GI concepts”.

17. Research on biodiversity reaction to artificial light in fauna passages.

18. Understand importance of secondary roads.

19. Transversal research and publications (not only transversal management teams).

20. Include urban areas to evaluate biodiversity.
21. Research on CC effects in TI/biodiversity: floods, fire...

## ‘Gaps and barriers’ in Tools and Procedures

1. Difficult access to biodiversity information and data: defragmentation, compensation, road mortality, ecological corridors, ecological assets management...

2. Lack of standardize methodologies: to collect information AVC, evaluate TI impacts, mitigation measures effectiveness, identification of areas to defragment; CC risk evaluation...

3. Need to improve EIA method to better evaluate TI impacts on biodiversity. Including: fragmentation, ecosystem services, dynamic modelling, multispecies connectivity, cumulative impacts...

4. Need of an integrated platform (formal and informal) addressed to both sector and at different levels (from policy-makers to TI users) for an effective communication among them (regarding impacts, solutions...).

5. Biodiversity should be more highlighted when talking about Climate Change.

6. Lack of clear guidelines and technical prescriptions to apply measures at different levels of mitigation hierarchy.

7. Lack of environmental monitoring programs in National Transport Plans.

8. Fragmentation and defragmentation concerns have to be better assessed and complementary avoided/mitigated.

9. Management and maintenance policies and plans to enhance biodiversity on verges and other HTI.

10. Environmental externalities are not sufficiently integrated into decision-making process.

11. Lack of control (about biodiversity issues) on infrastructure managers in the operational phase.

12. Lack of appropriate methodological tools to integrate TI into the landscape.

13. Neglecting available knowledge regarding ecological corridors due to difficult acquisition procedures for GIS-data for existing concepts.

14. For scales > 1:50.000: Special developed parity GI concepts should be part of any TI development.

15. Guidelines for plausibility checks of existent GI concepts and for TI-specific parity GI-concepts should be developed.

16. Inappropriate definition of the impact areas for fragmentation assessment (in scoping procedures).

17. Neglecting impact reduction by lower velocity standards. Their effects have always to be compared as an obligatory alternative in SEA and EIA.
18. Neglecting the role of soil management for optimizing habitats and minimizing maintenance (and construction) costs.

19. Consideration of climate change in environmental evaluation of transportation projects.

20. Absence of a Climate Change adaptation plan incorporating biodiversity concerns.

21. Lack of systematic adaptation of drainages to face climate change and improve ecological connectivity.