# Open Innovation 2.0, Living Labs and “Labs” in Education

Brigitte Trousse

► To cite this version:

Brigitte Trousse. Open Innovation 2.0, Living Labs and “Labs” in Education. Symposium “Towards Living labs in Education”, part of TEPE 2024 18th Annual Conference of the TEPE Network – Innovation in teacher education: sustainable change & evaluating impact at macro, meso and micro level, Mar 2024, Aix-en-Provence, France. pp.59-60. hal-05009360

HAL Id: hal-05009360

https://inria.hal.science/hal-05009360v1

Submitted on 27 Mar 2025

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Open Innovation 2.0,
Living Labs
Labs in Education

Brigitte Trousse
Researcher in AI & Cognitive
Sciences
& Terra Numerica member
& ENoLL council member
# 1. Open Innovation 2.0 CF. Bror Salmelin, EC

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

## Paradigm change is REAL!

### Closed innovation

- Dependency

- Subcontracting

- Solo

- Linear

- Linear subcontracts

- Planning

- Control

- Win-lose game

- Box thinking

- Single entity

- Value chain

### Open innovation

- Independency

- Cross-licensing

- Cluster

- Linear, leaking

- Triple Helix

- Validation, pilots

- Management

- Win-win game

- Out of the Box

- Single Discipline

- Value network

### Open innovation 2.0

- Interdependency

- Cross-fertilisation

- Ecosystem

- Mash-up

- Quadruple Helix

- Experimentation

- Orchestration

- Win more-Win more

- No Boxes!

- Interdisciplinary

- Value constellation

3
Quadruple Helix - Carayannis, Elias G., Campbell, David F.J. (2009)..

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

Bror Salmelin, advisor, Innovation Systems, DG Connect, European Commission
## 2. Living Labs - Introduction

**Open innovation** Chesbrough (2003) H. *Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology*. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
2003.

**Lead users, disruptive innovation** Von Hippel, E. (1986). *Lead users: a source of novel product concepts*. Management Science 32, 791–805.

**Concept of Living Lab (US)** – 1990- then Prof William J. Mitchel (Smart Cities Research Group at MIT Media Lab - US ~2000

**Knowledge economy** (Lisbonne Strategy 2005 Europe) + strong support from the European commission during the Finish Presidency in 2006 (Helsinki Manifesto)

**Keywords:** technological innovation (or digital innovation), social innovation, societal innovation, **co-creation with/by users**, user-driven innovation, value creation, user experience, interdisciplinarity, open innovation 2.0, **Quadruple Helix**, PPPP=Public-Private-People Partnership, participatory approach, collective intelligence, etc.
## 2. Living Labs - Definitions

### Numerous definitions

* ✓ **European Network of Living Labs (AISBL association)** www.enoll.org

* << Living Labs are open innovation ecosystems in real-life environments based on a systematic user co-creation approach that integrates research and innovation activities in communities, placing citizens* at the centre of innovation >>.

* ✓ **White book (in french) Livre blanc << Qu'est-ce qu'un Living Lab >> written by Canadian authors – UMVELT (March 2014) after the first LL summer school (2010)**

* << Un Living Lab est une méthode de recherche en innovation ouverte qui vise le développement de nouveaux produits et services. L'approche promeut un processus de co-création avec les usagers finaux dans des conditions réelles et s'appuie sur un écosystème de partenariats public-privé-citoyen >>.
## 2. Living Labs : common elements but different implementations

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

European
Network of
Living Labs
## 2. Living Lab Labelling & Certification
By ENoLL (new framework 2024)

**6 chapters – 14 criteria according to the macro, mezzo and micro levels of a Living Lab (Schuurman 2015) – 3 evaluators**

**1. Strategy :** Governance · Business Model · Culture & collaboration

**2. Operations :** Human resources · Operations · Equipment & infrastructure

**3. Openness :** Innovation partnerships, projects & processes · Ownership of results

**4. Users & reality :** User-centricity · Lifecycle & real-life · Tools & methods

**5. Impact & value :** Co-created values · Impacts

**6. Stability & Harmonization :** Stability Harmonization & scale-up
## 2. Living Labs - Three dimensions

* **Ecosystem-Organization Dimension:** legal structure that supports the LL, governance of the Public-Private-People Partnership (4P) type + objectives, shared vision, charter + economic model (which can rely on the Environment-Resources Dimension)

* **Living Lab Methodology Dimension:** Projects based on the Living Lab methodology → 'Projects in Living Lab mode'

* **Environment-Resources Dimension:** physical infrastructures, material, technological, data, human resources, user community, etc.
→ Living Lab Methodology : Projects

- Non-linear process

- Iterative process

- Users at the center of the process from the ideation phase

- Not only the 'end users' but all the 'users' in the value chain

- Co-creation of values by the people

- Participatory approach

- Recognition of the know-how and experiential knowledge of users. nd users are seen as experts in their daily lives."
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>
→ Living Lab Methodology

* Short cycles, from idea generation to concrete representation (designers, fablabs, usage scenarios, ...)

* **Continuous design**, anticipating user feedback

* Experiments in real contexts

* From user-centered design to user-driven design (with and by users).

* Transitioning from usability to **user experience**
## 3. Labs in Education

* Learning lab

* Educative Hub

* Social Hub

* Training Space

* Educative Third-place

* Fablab

* Innovation Center in Education

* Pedagogical Resource Center

* Educative experimentation Center

* Educative creativity Space

* Educative co-working Space

* Etc.
## 3. Living Labs in Education : European initiatives

**Users, End users, skateholders** : teachers, education professionnal people, pupils, students, local co communities, territorial collectivities, policy makers, researchers ( Education sciences, SHS), Edtech enterprises, ...

**Keywords:** open schooling, learning innovation, open education, problem based learning, creativity, collective intelligence, practice communauties

**High school, Universities viewed as Living labs : European project**

**Open schooling** : Open education as catalyst for European skills >> event June 2023 5brissels) organised by 2 H2020 projects:

* MOI https://makeitopen.eu

* SALL << Schools as living labs >> University of Cyprus . Coordinationand Support Action. They promote open schooling in the context of education science through the collaboration of schools woith external skateholders in solving real-world. + 400 schools - 10 countries. Schools, universitie, research structures, museums, scientific centers, ONG, enterprises.
## 3. Living Labs in Education

These Living Labs might be viewed as **territorial living labs**. They are ecosystems of open innovation rooted in a territory aimed at developing collective intelligence within the territory.

They are ecosystems of **learning innovation**.

**As all the LLs**, there is a need to **capitalize on experiences**, best practices, produced knowledge, collected data, etc., and to **anticipate this capitalization**.

There is a need to establish an **observatory** within each living lab involving researchers in Human and Social Sciences (change of posture, commitment, etc.) and Education sciences.

To scale up, there is a need to define **evaluation indicators** for each project based on the living lab approach (process and output) at the mezzo level and at the living lab level (macro level)."
## 4. Conclusions – General recommendations

Involving users in the creation of a Living Lab (LL) or in a LL-mode project is not something to be improvised. It is advisable:

* to gain initial experience by deploying a **project in LL mode** before creating a LL. Favor an **bottom-up approach**;

* to create the necessary conditions for the involvement of all stakeholders in these new forms of collaboration, which often take us **out of our comfort zone**;

* to put in place an **expert team** to facilitate **co-creation** and foster a **climate of trust**;

* to provide an **attractive** collaborative innovation **space** for co-creation;

* to establish an **observatory** to analyze and understand participatory and experiential processes, and to capitalize on the produced knowledge.

In the context of the many upcoming innovations based on **AI** in many domains such as **Education**, the LL approach would be particularly promising to ensure the adequacy of AI solutions to the needs of users and their satisfaction.
## 4. Conclusions – Some links

ENoLL https://www.openlivinglabs.eu

### Francophonie community

* Slideshare France Living Labs https://fr.slideshare.net/F2L-FranceLivingLabs/

* Livre Blanc ; Qu'est ce qu'un laboratoire vivant? https://www.leslivresblancs.fr/livre/entreprise/innovation/quest-ce-quun-living-lab

### Methodology

* Sthålbrost, A. and Holst, M. (2012) 'The living lab methodology handbook', https://www.ltu.se/cms_fs/1.101555!/file/LivingLabsMethodologyBook_web.pdf

* B. Trousse, M. Pallot, C. Tiffon. **Co-creating environmental Services based On Pollution citizens Sensing.** In Interdisciplinary Studies Journal – Special Issue on Smart Cities, Vol. 3, No. 4, **2014** (ISSN 1799-2710), pp331-351.

**Open Living Labs Days** https://www.openlivinglabsdays.com

**LIVING LABS FRONTIERS – Driving systemic change through Societal Engagement, for real impact**, 25-27 September 2024 in Timisoara, Romania
Thanks!

Brigitte.Trousse@inria.fr

06 34 36 34 56