# An update of the host range of tomato spotted wilt virus

Giuseppe Parrella, Patrick Gognalons, Kahsay Gebre Selassie, C. Vovlas, Georges Marchoux

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Giuseppe Parrella, Patrick Gognalons, Kahsay Gebre Selassie, C. Vovlas, Georges Marchoux. An update of the host range of tomato spotted wilt virus. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2003, 85 (4), pp.227-264. hal-02682821

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INVITED REVIEW

AN UPDATE OF THE HOST RANGE OF *TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS*

G. Parrella<fnref n="1" />, P. Gognalons<fnref n="2" />, K. Gebre-Selassiè<fnref n="2" />, C. Vovlas<fnref n="3" /> and G. Marchoux<fnref n="2" />

SUMMARY

Among plant viruses, *Tomato spotted wilt virus* (TSWV) is considered as the most widespread and to have the largest host-range. This virus is responsible for numerous epidemics in different regions of the world, mainly in horticultural and floral crops, which are often destructive and cause heavy economic losses. The highly polyphagous nature, the efficiency of virus transmission and the biological activity of its vectors, the rapidity with which new variants arise, and difficulties in the control of the vectors, make TSWV one of the most feared plant viruses by growers of agricultural crops. Preventive and integrated cultural practices such as the eradication of weed hosts able to serve as virus reservoirs, combined with vector management strategies, play a crucial role in the control of the virus. Thus, the availability of an up-to-date list of TSWV host plants is a potentially useful reference for researchers and farmers. The current list of TSWV hosts consists of 1090 plants species belonging in 15 families of monocotyledonous plants, 69 families of dicotyledonous plants and one family of pteridophytes.

*Key words:* *Tomato spotted wilt virus*, host range, *Thrips* spp., weeds, virus control, virus disease

INTRODUCTION

First described in 1915 in Australia by Brittlebank (1919), *Tomato spotted wilt virus* (TSWV) is the type species of the genus *Tospovirus* in the family *Bunyaviridae*, a large family of RNA viruses most of which infect vertebrate and/or invertebrate hosts. TSWV is one of the most destructive plant viruses. It is estimated that worldwide it causes losses, mainly of commercial vegetable crops, of around one billion dollars annually (Scott, 2000). The economic importance of TSWV, in addition to its biological and molecular features, has made it one of the most extensively studied plant viruses.

TSWV virions are 80-120 nm diameter, spherical, enveloped, and studded with surface projections composed of two glycoproteins, G1 and G2. Virion composition is

5% nucleic acid (RNA), 70% protein, 5% carbohydrate, and 20% lipid. The genome consists of three negative or ambisense ssRNA species designated as S (2.9 kb), M (4.8 kb) and L (8.9 kb). The RNAs have partially complementary terminal sequences that allow the RNAs to adopt a pseudocircular or panhandle conformation (Elliott *et al.*, 2000). The largest RNA (L RNA) is negative sense and monocistronic; the other two RNAs (S and M RNAs) encode two proteins in an ambisense arrangement. Thus, the viral genome codes for five proteins in total. In particular: (i) RNA polymerase (330-kDa) is encoded by L RNA; (ii) protein NS<sub>M</sub>, a 34-kDa protein involved in cell-to-cell movement of the virus, is encoded by virion sense M RNA; (iii) glycoproteins G1 and G2, that form the projections on the virus particle surface and result from processing of a 127-kDa protein, are coded for by the complementary sense M RNA; (iv) protein NS<sub>S</sub>, a 52 kDa protein with unknown function, is encoded by the virion sense S RNA; (v) protein N, the 29 kDa structural protein that coats the genomic RNA fragment giving rise to the nucelocapsids is encoded by the complementary sense S RNA (Hull, 2002). These are enclosed in a host-derived membrane bilayer, along with an estimated 10-20 copies of the L protein, the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, encoded by RNA L (Hull, 2002).

In nature, TSWV is transmitted by at least eight species of thrips (Mound, 1996; Ullman *et al.*, 1997; Groves *et al.*, 2002), in a circulative and propagative manner (Wijkamp *et al.*, 1993; Ullman *et al.*, 1993). Recently, factors involved in the determination of vector competence have been identified in *Frankliniella occidentalis* and *Thrips tabaci* (Nagata *et al.*, 2002).

TSWV is readily transmitted mechanically from sap of naturally infected plants. *Petunia hybrida* is one of the most useful diagnostic species (Allen and Matteoni, 1991) because of the rapidity with which typical brown local lesion develop, usually within 2-4 days from inoculation. Manually inoculated *Nicotiana tabacum*, *Nicotiana glutinosa* and *Nicotiana benthamiana* develop large necrotic local lesions followed by systemic mosaic and necrosis, that is sometimes lethal in *N. benthamiana*. *Cucumis sativus* also is a reliable assay host as it develops chlorotic local lesions on cotyledons 4-5 days after inoculation.

DAS-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies to the whole virion is commonly used for detecting TSWV isolates, both in plant extracts (Gonzalves and Trujillo, 1986) and thrips (Cho *et al.*, 1998; Bandla *et al.*, 1994). Differentia-

<footnote n="1">¹Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Sezione di Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Pathologie Végétale, BP 94 - 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Università degli Studi and Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, Sezione di Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy</footnote>
tion among virus isolates by serological methods is possible using antisera raised to different viral antigens, such as the N and G structural proteins (de Avila *et al.*, 1990; Law and Moyer, 1990; Wang and Gonsalves, 1990; Adam *et al.*, 1995). TSWV-specific monoclonal antibodies detect differences among virus isolates (Sherwood *et al.*, 1989; Huguenot *et al.*, 1990; Adam *et al.*, 1991).

TSWV molecular detection has been developed using cDNA probes (Ronco *et al.*, 1989; Rice *et al.*, 1990) and riboprobes (Huguenot *et al.*, 1990), both of which have proved useful for the sanitary certification of plant material (Saldarelli *et al.*, 1996). Several PCR-based methods have been developed for the specific detection of TSWV. The first PCR-based assay was developed by Mumford *et al.* (1994). Immunocapture PCR and RT-PCR were developed by Nolasco *et al.* (1993) and Weekes *et al.* (1996), respectively. A reliable and rapid detection of TSWV from a single infected thrip by RT-PCR has recently been reported by Mason *et al.* (2003). A very sensitive protocol for the detection and quantification of TSWV is the real-time RT-PCR assay based on TaqMan™ chemistry, on both “leaf soak” and total RNA extracts from infected plants (Roberts *et al.*, 2000).

TSWV particles can be readily detected by electron microscope observations of leaf dip preparations with or without gold-immunolabelling (Milne, 1993). Ultrathin sectioning of infected tissues, although time-consuming, is a reliable technique for virus identification because of the characteristic intracellular appearance and localization of virions. These accumulate in dilations of the endoplasmic reticulum and mature by budding of the nucleocapsids through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (Martelli and Russo, 1984).

In general, the two main concomitant factors that make TSWV one of the most destructive and widely distributed plant virus are the highly polyphagous nature of its vectors and the relative lack of host specificity of the virus. Consequently, TSWV has a very large host range and its control remains problematic.

Resistant varieties are useful in minimizing losses, but infections by field resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV isolates have been reported in nominally resistant pepper hybrids (Roggero *et al.*, 1999b, 2002) as well as in resistant tomato hybrids (Aramburu and Marti, 2003). Nevertheless, the genetic status at resistance loci (i.e. heterozigosity vs homozigosity) could play an important role in determining the level of resistance. The emergence of RB isolates of

TSWV seems to be correlated with the extensive cultivation of resistant hybrids, as reported for pepper, but it has also been noted that RB isolates tend to survive in weeds (Roggero *et al.*, 2002). The extreme variability of TSWV isolates, coupled with the possibility of the exchange of genetic information through reassortment of genome segments were suggested as the main causes for the apparent readiness of the virus to adapt so as to overcome both natural and pathogen-mediated resistances (Qiu *et al.*, 1998; Qiu and Moyer, 1999).

Different preventive strategies are effective in TSWV management. TSWV-infected hosts in vegetable-growing regions play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease, thus the elimination of weed hosts is the main agronomic practice to control TSWV outbreaks (Marchoux *et al.*, 2000). An up-to-date list of TSWV host species should help in the identification of putative natural virus reservoirs and allow the eradication of potential weed hosts. Best (1968) provided the first list of TSWV hosts, comprising 157 dicotyledonous plant species from 29 families and 6 monocotyledonous plant species from 5 families. Subsequently, many new hosts have been discovered, so that the list has been growing steadily (Cho *et al.*, 1987; Berling, 1991; Sether and De Angelis, 1991; Peters and Golbach, 1998). In the last decade, extensive surveys for new natural and experimental hosts of TSWV have identified a large number of new susceptible species (Gognalons *et al.*, 1996, 1999).

In this paper we present an “update” of TSWV-susceptible plant species, adopting the taxonomic system proposed by Engler and Diels (1936), modified by Bambacioni (1976), according to the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter *et al.*, 1994). This list consists of 1090 plant species capable of being locally and/or systematically infected by TSWV. The species are from a single family of the class *Pteropsida* (Division X - *Pteridophyta*, Tab. 1), 69 families of the class *Dicotyledones* (Division XII - *Angiospermae*, Tab. 2) and 15 families of the class *Monocotyledones* (Division XII - *Angiospermae*, Tab. 3). Most of the plants listed as hosts of TSWV belong to the family *Asteraceae* (247 species), *Solanaceae* (172 species) and *Fabaceae* (60 species). In this list, accessions, varieties, cultivars, subspecies, hybrids as well as plants identified only at the genus level (e.g. *Aphelandra* sp.) have been considered as distinct botanical entities. The total number of TSWV-susceptible plant species of each family is reported in parenthesis near each family name.

## PTERIDOPHYTA

<table><caption>**Table 1.** Class Pteropsida</caption><thead><tr><td>Family</td><td>Species</td><td>Infection</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Polypodiaceae<br/> (=Pteridaceae) (2)</td><td>Asplenium nidus<br/> Platycerum superbum</td><td>-<br/>N</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994<br/>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr></tbody></table>

M = experimental transmission and positive in ELISA test; N = natural infections; F = transmitted by *Frankliniella occidentalis*; Ff = transmitted by *Frankliniella fusca*; T = transmitted by *Thrips tabaci*; - = no information given; M* = experimental transmission with development of local lesions; N* = positive bioassay.
ANGIOSPERMAE

<table><caption>**Table 2.** Class Dicotyledones</caption><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="5">Acanthaceae (5)</td><td>Acanthus mollis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Aphelandra sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Aphelandra squarrosa</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Beloperone guttata</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Hypoestes talniata</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Aizoaceae (4)</td><td>Mesembryanthemum tricolor</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Mollugo verticillata</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Tetragonia expansa</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Tetragonia tetragonoides</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="15">Amaranthaceae (16)</td><td>Alternanthera sessilis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus albus</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus blitum</td><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus caudatus</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus graecizans</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus hybridus</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus paniculata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus powellii</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus retroflexus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus spinosus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus viridis</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia argentea</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia cristata</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Gomphrena globosa</td><td>-</td><td>Stobbs et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Amaranthus viridis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia argentea</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia cristata</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia cristata</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Celosia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Gomphrena globosa</td><td>M</td><td>Allen and Matteoni, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Aegopodium podagraria</td><td>F</td><td>Pocsai et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Ammi majus</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Apium graveolens var. dulce</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Carum carvi</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Chaerophyllum sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Chaerophyllum temulentum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Conium maculatum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Coriandrum sativum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Coriandrum sativum</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Coriandrum sativum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="7"></td><td>Daucus carota</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Foeniculum vulgare</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrocotyle asiatica</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td>Orlaya sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Petroselinum sativum f. crispum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Torilis arvensis</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Trachymene caerulea</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">Apocynaceae (7)</td><td>Adenium obesum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Adenium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Catharanthus roseus</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990;</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992;</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996;</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Nerium oleander</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Pachypodium lamerei</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Plumeria acutiplia</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Araliaceae (5)</td><td>Vinca minor</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Fatshedera lizei</td><td>N*</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Fatsia japonica</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992a</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Schefflera actinophylla (=Brassaia actinophylla)</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Schefflera arboricola</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Aristolochiaceae (3)</td><td>Aristolochia clematitis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Aristolochia elegans</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Asarum canadense</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">Asclepiadaceae (=Apocynaceae) (10)</td><td>Asclepias curassavica</td><td>N</td><td>Salomone et al., 2003</td></tr><tr><td>Calotropis gigantica</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Hoya australis</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Hoya bella</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Hoya carnosa</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Hoya linearis</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Hoya sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Oxypetalum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Stapelia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Stephanotis floribunda</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14">Asteraceae<br>(=Compositae) (247)</td><td>Agyranthemum frutescens</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Acanthospermum hispidum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Achillea millefolium</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Agathaea amelloides (= Felicia amelloides)</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992a</td></tr><tr><td>Agathaea bergeriana (= Felicia bergeriana)</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992a</td></tr><tr><td>Ageratum conyzoides</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Ageratum houstonianum</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Router and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ageratum mexicanum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Ambrosia psilostachyna</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Ambrosia trifida</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Antennaria neglecta</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Antennaria rosea</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Anthemis arvensis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Anthemis tinctoria</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Anthemis sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Arctium lappa</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Bautista et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Arctium minus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Arctium tomentosum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Arctotheca calendula</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Argyranthemum frutescens</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Argyranthemum sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Artemisia dracunculus</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Artemisia vulgaris</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Aster amellus</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Aster chinensis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Aster cordifolius</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Aster ericoides</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Aster laterifolius</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Aster novae-angliae</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Aster novi-belgii</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aster radula</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aster rotundifolius</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aster sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aster tataricus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bellis caerulescens</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bellis perennis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bidens discoidea</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bidens pilosa</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bidens radiata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bidens sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Bidens vulgata</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Brachycome iberidifoloia</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cacalia suaveolens</td><td>N</td><td>Bitterlich and MacDonald, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Calendula arvensis</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Calendula officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Calendula officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Callistephus chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Callistephus chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992b</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Callistephus chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Callistephus chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Callistephus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus acanthoides</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus crispus</td><td>F, T</td><td>Lemmetty and Lindqvist, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus nutans</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus pycnocephalus</td><td>M</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carthamus tinctorius</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus nutans</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus nutans</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carduus pycnocephalus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Carthamus tinctorius</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea alpestris</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea calcitrapa</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea cineraria</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea cinerea</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea collina</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea cyanus</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea cyanus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea montana</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea scabiosa</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Centaurea sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chamomilla recutita</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chamomilla suaveolens</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chondrilla juncea</td><td>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chondrilla juncea</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chondrilla sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Stether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum carinatum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum coronarium</td><td>N<br>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum frutescens</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum indicum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</td><td>F<br>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum macrophyllum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum maximum</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum x morifolium</td><td>N<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Matteoni et al., 1989<br>Marchoux et al., 1991<br>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994<br>Nagata et al., 1995<br>Louro, 1996<br>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chrysanthemum x superbum</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cichorium endivia</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cichorium endivia var. crispa</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cichorium endivia var. latifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cichorium intybus</td><td>F<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994<br>Louro, 1996<br>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cineraria cruenta (=Senecio cruentus)</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cineraria sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium acaule</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium arvense</td><td>F<br>N<br>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Lavina et al., 1996<br>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium japonicum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium lanceolatum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium oleraceum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium palustre</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cirsium vulgare</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Conyza bonariensis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Conyza canadensis</td><td>M, N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Coreopsis drummondii</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Coreopsis lanceolata</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Coreopsis maritima</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Coreopsis tinctoria</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cosmos bipinnatus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cosmos sulphureus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crepis alpestris</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crepis capillaris</td><td>-<br>F</td><td>Best, 1968<br>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crepis divaricata</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis japonica</i></td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis pulchra</i></td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis pumila</i></td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis rhoeadifolia</i></td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis rubra</i></td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis sancta</i></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Crepis setosa</i></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Cynara scolymus</i></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992a<br>N Vovlas and Lafortezza, 1994<br>N Latham and Jones, 1997<br>N Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Cynara syriaca</i></td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia arborescens</i></td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia hortensis</i></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia hybrida</i></td><td>N<br>N<br>-<br>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991<br>Daughtrey, 1996<br>Edwardson and Christie, 1997<br>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia pinnata x D.coccinea</i></td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia sp.</i></td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dahlia variabilis</i></td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dendranthema grandiflora</i></td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dendranthema indicum</i></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dimorphoteca sinuata</i></td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994<br>Manoussopoulos et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dimorphoteca sp.</i></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Dracopis amplexicaulis</i></td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Emilia javanica</i></td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Emilia sagittata</i></td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Emilia sonchifolia</i></td><td>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Gonsalves and Trujillo, 1986<br>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Emilia sp.</i></td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erigeron acer</i></td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2003</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erigeron bonariensis</i></td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erigeron canadensis</i></td><td>N<br>F<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991<br>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Lavina et al., 1996<br>Louro, 1996<br>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erigeron sp.</i></td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erigeron strigosus</i></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Erlangea tomentosa</i></td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Eupatorium cannabinum</i></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Eupatorium capillifolium</i></td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Eupatorium maculatum</i></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><i>Eupatorium rugosum</i></td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Eupatorium urticifolium</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Euryops sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Felicia fragilis</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Felicia fructicosa</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Felicia petiolata</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Felicia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992c</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Flaveria bidentis</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gaillardia aristata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gaillardia pulchella</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gaillardia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gaillardia x grandiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galinsoga ciliata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986;</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992;</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galinsoga parviflora</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galinsoga quadriradiata</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gazania sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gazania quadriradiata</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gazania splendens</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gerbera hybrida</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gerbera jamesonii</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gerbera sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gnaphalium purpureum</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gnaphalium uliginosum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gnaphalium undulatum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gynura aurantiaca</td><td>N</td><td>Matteoni et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helianthus annuus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helianthus giganteus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helianthus orgyalis</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helichrysum bracteatum</td><td>N</td><td>Louro et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helichrysum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helipterum mangleesii</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helipterum roseum</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Helminthia echioides</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Inula sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Inula viscosa</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca canadensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca floridana</td><td>Ff</td><td>Hobbs et al., 1993</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca perennis</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca saligna</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca sativa</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992b</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Roca et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca sativa var. capitata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca sativa var. crispa</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca sativa var. longifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Bautista et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca scariola</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca serriola (=Lactuca scariola)</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lactuca virosa</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lagascea mollis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lapsana communis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Layia elegans</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ligularia kaempferi</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Matricaria chamomilla</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Matricaria maritima var. agrestis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Matricaria matricarioides</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Matricaria perforata</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Melampodium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Melilotus parviflora</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Onopordum acanthium</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Onopordum illyricum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Osteospermum ecklonis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Osteospermum fruticosum</td><td>N</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Osteospermum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Picris echioides</td><td>N</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Picris spinulosa</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Pterotheca nemausensis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Pyrrhopappus carolinianus</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia amplexicaulis</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia hirta</td><td>N</td><td>Schuster and Halliwell, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia laciniata</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia nitida</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia occidentalis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rudbeckia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Scorsonera laciniata</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio cineraria</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Senecio cruentus</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio doria</td><td>-</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio erucifolius</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio jacobea</td><td>N<br>F</td><td>Cho et al., 1987<br>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio paludosus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio vulgaris</td><td>N<br>F<br>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991<br>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Senecio x hybridus</td><td>N<br>N<br>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987<br>Tehrani et al., 1990<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sigesbeckia orientalis</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Silybum marianum</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solidago sp.</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sonchus arvensis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sonchus asper</td><td>F<br>Ff<br>N<br>N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Hobbs et al., 1993<br>Johnson et al., 1995<br>Latham and Jones 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sonchus oleraceus</td><td>N<br>F<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Lavina et al., 1996<br>Wilson, 1998<br>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sonchus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Bond et al., 1983</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sonchus tenerrimus</td><td>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994<br>Jorda et al., 1995<br>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Spilantes oleracea</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Spilantes acinella</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tagetes erecta</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tagetes minuta</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tagetes patula</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tanacetum parthenium</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Taraxacum officinale</td><td>F<br>M, N</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992<br>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Taraxacum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Bond et al., 1983</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tithonia rotundifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tragopogon porrifolius</td><td>N</td><td>Dellavalle et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tragopogon pratensis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Troximon sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tussilago farfara</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Verbesina alternifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Verbesina enceloides</td><td>N<br>N<br>F</td><td>Cho et al., 1986<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991<br>Bautista et al., 1995</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12"></td><td>Verbesina virginica</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium italicum</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium orientale</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium saccharatum</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium spinosum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium strumarium</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthium strumosum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Youngia japonica</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Zinnia elegans</td><td>N<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987<br>Tehrani et al., 1990<br>Latham and Jones, 1997<br>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Zinnia peruviana</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">Balsaminaceae (9)</td><td>Impatiens balsamina</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Thehrani et al., 1990<br>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens capensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens holstii</td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens x hybridus</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens cv. New Guinea</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994<br>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens petersiana</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens sultani</td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Impatiens wallerana</td><td>N<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>M<br>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993<br>Tehrani et al., 1990<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994<br>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Begoniaceae (6)</td><td>Begonia elatior</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Begonia gracilis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Begonia x hiemalis</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td>Begonia semperflorens-cultorum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Begonia sp.</td><td>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994<br>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Begonia x tuberhybrida</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Berberidaceae (1)</td><td>Berberis sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Boraginaceae (9)</td><td>Anchusa azurea</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Anchusa capensis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Anchusa officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Anchusa undulata</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Cynoglossum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Heliotropium europaeum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Myosotis alpestris</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Myosotis sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Symphytum tuberosum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14">Brassicaceae<br>(=Cruciferae) (33)</td><td>Alliaria officinalis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Alyssum maritimum</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Arabidopsis thaliana</td><td>M</td><td>German et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Arabis sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Aubieta deltoides</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Barbarea vulgaris</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica campestris</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica napus</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica oleracea</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica oleracea var. botrytis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica pekinensis</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica perviridis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris</td><td>N</td><td>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Capsella bursa-pastoris</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Cardamine hirsuta</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Cardamine oligospermum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Cardamine sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Cheiranthus cheiri</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Coronopus didymus</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Diplotaxis erucoides</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Diplotaxis muralis</td><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Erysimum cheiranthoides</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Erysimum cheiri</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Hesperis matronalis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Hirschfeldia incana</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Lepidium draba</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Lunaria annua</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Matthiola incana</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Narsturtium officinale</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Raphanus raphanistrum</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Sinapis arvensis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Buddlejaceae<br>(=Loganiaceae) (1)</td><td>Buddleja davidii</td><td>N</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Cactaceae (3)</td><td>Opuntia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Schlumbergera bridgesii</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Schlumbergera truncata</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1991</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="16">Campanulaceae (16)</td><td>Campanula americana</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula glomerata</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula isophylla</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula latiloba</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula persicifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula pyramidalis</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula rapunculoides</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Campanula sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Lobelia dortmanna</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Lobelia erinus</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Lobelia ricardi</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Lobelia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Lobelia valida</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Specularia perfoliata</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Trachelium caeruleum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Trachelium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Caprifoliaceae (5)</td><td>Lonicera japonica</td><td>M</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Sambucus nigra</td><td>N, F</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Symphoricarpos albus</td><td>F</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Weigela florida</td><td>F</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Weigela florida cv. Variegata nana</td><td>N</td><td>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Caricaceae (1)</td><td>Carica papaya</td><td>N</td><td>Gonsalves and Trujillo, 1986</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="16">Caryophyllaceae (16)</td><td>Agrostemma githago</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Cerastium vulgatum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Dianthus chinensis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Dianthus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Anonymous, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Gypsophila elegans</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Gypsophila paniculata</td><td>N</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Lychnis alba</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Lychnis chalcedonica</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Lychnis coronaria</td><td>N</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Saponaria officinalis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Silene alba</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Silene sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Silene vulgaris</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Spergula arvensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Stellaria media</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12">Chenopodiaceae (14)</td><td>Stellaria sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Beta vulgaris</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Chenopodium album</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium amaranticolor</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium ambrosioides</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium capitatum</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium foetidum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium foliosum</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium gigantospermum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Chenopodium glaucum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Chenopodium murale</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium quinoa</td><td>M</td><td>Pocsai et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Chenopodium urbicum</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Salsola pestifer</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Spinacia oleracea</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="12">Convolvulaceae (16)</td><td>Calystegia sepium</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Convolvulus althaeoides</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Convolvulus arvensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Convolvulus cantabrica</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Convolvulus sepium</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Convolvulus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Dichondra carolinensis</td><td>M</td><td>Sakimura, 1961</td></tr><tr><td>Ipomea batatas</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Ipomea congesta</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Ipomea hederacea</td><td>M</td><td>Sakimura, 1961</td></tr><tr><td>Ipomea hederifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Sakimura, 1961</td></tr><tr><td>Ipomea lacunosa</td><td>F</td><td>Johnson et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Ipomea purpurea</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Jacquemontia tamnifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Schuster and Halliwell, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>Quamoclit coccinea</td><td>M</td><td>Sakimura et al., 1961</td></tr><tr><td>Sedum sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Cornaceae (1)</td><td>Cornus sanguinea</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Crassulaceae (4)</td><td>Kalanchoe blossfeldiana</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Kalanchoe daigremontiana</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Kalanchoe sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Kalanchoe thyrsiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Kalanchoe sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="12">Cucurbitaceae (12)</td><td>Citrullus lanatus</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Citrullus vulgaris</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Cucumis melo</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Cucumis mucronata</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Cucumis sativus</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Cucurbita maxima</td><td>N</td><td>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Cucurbita moschata</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Cucurbita pepo</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Echinocystis lobata</td><td>N</td><td>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Lagenaria leucantha</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Luffa cylindrica</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Sechium edule</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Dipsacaceae (3)</td><td>Scabiosa atropurpurea</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Scabiosa sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Dipsacus fullonum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Ericaceae (1)</td><td>Rhododendron sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Euphorbiaceae (7)</td><td>Euphorbia eritrea</td><td>N</td><td>Salomone et al., 2003</td></tr><tr><td>Euphorbia heterophylla</td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Euphorbia peplus</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Euphorbia pulcherrima</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Mercurialis annua</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Pedilanthus tithymaloides</td><td>-</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) (60)</td><td>Arachis batizocai</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Arachis duranesis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Arachis hypogaea</td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Arachis monticola</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Arachis pusilla</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Arachis stenosperma</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Arachis villosulicarpa</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Brunfelsia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cajanus cajan</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Canavalia ensiformis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Canavalia gladiata</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cassia floribunda</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cassia obtusifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cassia occidentalis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cassia tora</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cicer arietinum</td><td>N</td><td>EPPO/CABI, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crotalaria incana</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crotalaria juncea</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crotalaria mucronata</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Crotalaria spectabilis</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cytisus scoparius</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Desmodium tortuosum</td><td>F</td><td>Johnson et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Desmodium trifolium</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Desmodium uncinatum</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dolichos lablab</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dolichos uniflorus</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gleditschia tricanthos</td><td>N</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Glycine max</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Glycine soja</td><td>N</td><td>Golnaraghi et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lathyrus odoratus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lathyrus sativus</td><td>N</td><td>Zimmer and Haber, 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lens culinaris</td><td>N</td><td>EPPO/CABI, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus albus</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus angustifolius</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus leucophyllus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus polyphyllus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lupinus subcarnosus</td><td>N</td><td>Shuster and Halliwell, 1994.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Medicago aviculare</td><td>N</td><td>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Medicago lupulina</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Medicago polymorpha</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Medicago sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Melilotus officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Phaseolus angularis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Phaseolus aureus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Phaseolus lunatus</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Phaseolus mungo</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Phaseolus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="11"></td><td rowspan="3">Phaseolus vulgaris</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Pisum arvense</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Pisum sativum</td><td>F</td><td>Roca et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Tephrosia purpurea</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Trifolium incarnatum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Trifolium repens</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Trifolium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Bitterlich and MacDonald, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Trifolium subterraneum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Vicia faba</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Vigna mungo</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Vigna radiata</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata (= V. sinensis)</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td>M</td><td>Marcoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Gentianaceae (6)</td><td>Eustoma grandiflorum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Eustoma russellianum</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Eustoma sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Exacum affine</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Exacum officinale</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Lisianthus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14">Geraniaceae (15)</td><td>Erodium ciconium</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Erodium moschatum</td><td>N</td><td>Wilson et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Erodium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Geranium carolinianum</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Geranium robertianum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Geranium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium crispum</td><td>N</td><td>Sherwood and von Broembsen, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium x grandiflorum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Pelargonium x hortorum</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Bitterlich and MacDonald, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium x hortorum (2N)</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium x hortorum (4N)</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium limoneum</td><td>N</td><td>Sherwood and von Broembsen, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Pelargonium peltatum</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12">Gesneriaceae (19)</td><td>Pelargonium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Pelargonium zonale</td><td>N<br>-</td><td>Louro, 1996<br>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Achimenes sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Aeschynanthus pulcher</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Aeschynanthus sp.</td><td>N<br>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998<br>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Aeschynanthus speciosus</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Codonanthe crassifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Columnea hirta</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Columnea kwensis</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Columnea sp.</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Gesneria sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Gloxinia hybridum</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Gloxinia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Gloxinia sylvatica</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Saintpaulia ionatha</td><td>N<br>-<br>N<br>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991<br>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000<br>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Saintpaulia sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7">Sinningia sp.</td><td>Sinningia speciosa</td><td>N<br>N<br>F<br>N<br>N<br>N<br>N</td><td>Matteoni et al., 1989<br>Bertaccini and Bellardi, 1990<br>Allen and Matteoni, 1991<br>Marchoux et al., 1991<br>Hausbeck et al., 1992<br>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994<br>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Sinningia tigrina</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Sinningia speciosa</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Streptocarpus sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Hypericum crispum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Lamiaceae<br>(=Labiatae) (33)</td><td>Ballota nigra</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Coleus blumei</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Coleus sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Lamium amplexicaule</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>Lamium purpurea</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Lavendula vera</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Leonotis nepetaefolia</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Lycopus europaeus</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Marrubium vulgare</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="15">Malvaceae (15)</td><td>Melissa officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Mentha arvensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Mentha microphylla</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Mentha piperita</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Mentha spicata</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Mentha sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Mentha suaveolens</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Moluccella laevis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Monarda didyma</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Monarda fistulosa</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Nepeta cataria</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Nepeta nuda</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Ocimum basilicum</td><td>N, M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Holcomb et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td>Physostegia virginiana</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Plectranthus australis</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Prunella vulgaris</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Salvia pratensis</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Salvia splendens</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Salvia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Salvia verbenaca</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Salvia officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Scutelleria sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Stachys arvensis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Stachys sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Abelmoschus esculentus (=Hibiscus esculentus)</td><td>M</td><td>Halliwell, 1988</td></tr><tr><td>Gossypium barbadense</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Gossypium hirsutum</td><td>M</td><td>Shuster and Halliwell, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>M, Ff</td><td>Shuster and Halliwell, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Hibiscus subcarnosus</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Hibiscus tiliaceus</td><td>M</td><td>Halliwell, 1988</td></tr><tr><td>Hibiscus trionum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Lavatera trimestris</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Malcomia maritima</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Malva neglecta</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Malva nicaensis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Malva parviflora</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Bautista et al., 1995</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="5"></td><td>Malva rotundifolia</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Malva sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Malva sylvestris</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996<br>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Sida spinosa</td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Melastomataceae (2)</td><td>Medinilla magnifica</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7"></td><td>Medinilla magnifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Moraceae (7)</td><td>Ficus benjamina</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus cyathistipula</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus elastica cv Decora</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus elastica cv Variegata</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus lyrata</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus spp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ficus stipulata</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina and Batlle, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Myrsinaceae (1)</td><td>Ardisia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Nolanaceae (1)</td><td>Nolana sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Oleaceae (3)</td><td>Ligustrum vulgare</td><td>N</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Jasminium odoratissimum</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Jasminium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">Onagraceae (10)</td><td>Clarkia amoena ssp. lindleyi</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Clarkia sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Epilobium hirsutum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Fuschia x hybrida</td><td>N<br>-</td><td>Matteoni et al., 1989<br>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Fuschia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Godetia grandiflora</td><td>-</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Oenothera biennis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Oenothera laciniata</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Oenothera lamarckiana</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Oenothera sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Oxalidaceae (5)</td><td>Oxalis acetosella</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Oxalis corniculata</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Van Os et al., 1993<br>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Oxalis crenata</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Oxalis sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Oxalis stricta</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Paeoniaceae (1)</td><td>Paeonia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Holmes, 1939</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="10">Papaveraceae (8)</td><td rowspan="2">Fumaria muralis</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Fumaria officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Papaver dubium</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Papaver nudicaule</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Papaver orientalis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Papaver rhoeas</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Papaver somniferum</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Papaver sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Pedaliaceae (1)</td><td rowspan="2">Sesamum indicum</td><td>N</td><td>Costa and Forster, 1942</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Phytolaccaceae (2)</td><td>Phytolacca americana</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Phytolacca decandra</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Piperaceae (4)</td><td>Peperomia fraseri</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Peperomia obtusifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Peperomia rotundifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Peperomia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Pittosporaceae (1)</td><td>Pittosporum tobira</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Plantaginaceae (3)</td><td>Plantago lanceolata</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Plantago major</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Plantago rugelii</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">Plumbaginaceae (6)</td><td rowspan="3">Limonium latifolium</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996;</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Limonium perezii</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992b</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Limonium sinuatum</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992b</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Limonium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992c</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Limonium tataricum</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Limonium vulgare</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Polemoniaceae (1)</td><td>Phlox drummondii</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Polygonaceae (14)</td><td>Fagopyrum esculentum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Fallopia convolvulus</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os B. et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Persicaria maculosa</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os B. et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Polygonum aviculare</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="14"></td><td>Polygonum convolvulus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Polygonum hydropiper</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Polygonum lapathifolium</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Polygonum pensylvanicum</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Polygonum persicaria</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Polygonum sp.</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Rumex acetosella</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Rumex conglomeratus</td><td>N</td><td>Van Os B. et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Rumex crispus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Rumex sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Portulacaceae (4)</td><td>Claytonia perfoliata</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Montia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>Portulaca grandiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Portulaca oleracea</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Primulaceae (14)</td><td>Anagallis arvensis</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Cyclamen persicum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclamen persicum cv. Carmen</td><td>N, M, F</td><td>Allen and Matteoni, 1988</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclamen sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Lysimachia congestiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Lysimachia consisti</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Lysimachia nummularia</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Primula acaulis</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Primula malacoides</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Primula obconica</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Primula sinensis</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Primula sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Primula vulgaris (=Primula acaulis)</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Ranunculaceae (21)</td><td>Aconitum carmichaeli</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Aconitum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Anemone coronaria</td><td>N</td><td>Lisa et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Anemone sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aquilegia coerulea</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Aquilegia vulgaris</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Clematis flammula</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Clematis vitalba</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolida ambigua</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Delphinium cultorum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Delphinium hybridum</td><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Delphinium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Paeonia lactiflora</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus abortivus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus acris</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus arvensis</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus asiaticus</td><td>N</td><td>Lisa et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus bulbosus</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus hibridus</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus sardous</td><td>Ff</td><td>Hobbs et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ranunculus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Bond et al., 1983</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Resedaceae (1)</td><td>Reseda phyteuma</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Rhamnaceae (1)</td><td>Rhamnus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Rosaceae (7)</td><td>Fragaria vesca</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Potentilla reptans</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rubus idaeus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rubus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rubus ulmifolius</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sanguisorba minor</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sorbus aucuparia</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Rubiaceae (9)</td><td>Bouvardia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Coffea arabica</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galium aparine</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galium lucidium</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galium parisiensis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Galium tricornutum</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12">Saxifragaceae (5)</td><td>Galium verum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Gardenia jasminoides</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Hydrangea macrophylla</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Hydrangea sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>M</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Saxifraga sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Saxifraga tricolor</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Tolmiea menziestii</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="12">Scrophulariaceae (21)</td><td>Antirrhinum majus</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Calceolaria crenatifolia</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Calceolaria herbaceihybrida</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Calceolaria hybrida</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Calceolaria sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Chelone sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Diascia barberae</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Digitalis sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Linaria canadense</td><td>N</td><td>Groves et al., 2002</td></tr><tr><td>Mimulus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Penstemon hartwegii</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Penstemon hirsutus</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Torenia fournieri</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Verbascum blattaria</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Verbascum thaspus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Veronica agrestis</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Veronica chamaedrys</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Veronica hederifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Veronica officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Veronica persica</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Veronica sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7">Solanaceae (172)</td><td>Atropa belladonna</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gogkalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td>Browallia americana</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Browallia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Browallia speciosa</td><td>N</td><td>Daughtrey, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Browallia speciosa-major</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Brunfelsia calycina</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Brunfelsia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum annuum</td><td>F</td><td>Allen and Matteoni, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Ff</td><td>Hobbs et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Roggero et al., 1999a</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum baccatum</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum chacoense</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum chinense PI 159236</td><td>M</td><td>Boiteux and Nagata, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Hobbs et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Roggero et al., 1999a</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum chinense PI 152225</td><td>M</td><td>Hobbs et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Roggero et al., 1999a</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum chinense var. Habanero</td><td>N</td><td>Momol et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum frutescens var. Tabasco</td><td>N</td><td>Momol et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum pubescens</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Capsicum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Lisa et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cestrum aurantiarum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cestrum nocturum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cestrum parquii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cestrum purpureum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cestrum rubrum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cyphomandra betacea</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura arborea</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura ferox</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura inoxia</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura metel</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura meteloides</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura quercifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura stramonium</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Bautista et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura tatula</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datura wrightii</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dubosia leichhardtii</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dubosia leichhardtii x myoporoides</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dubosia myoporoides</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Hyoscyamus albus</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Hyoscyamus niger</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycium ferocissimum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycium procissimum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon chilense</td><td>-</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon chmielewskii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon esculentum</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Matteoni et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Camele et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Roca et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Sikora et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Allen et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon hirsutum</td><td>F</td><td>Kumar et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon parviflorum</td><td>F</td><td>Kumar et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M, F</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon pennellii</td><td>M, F</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon peruvianum</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicandra physaloides</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana acuminata</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana alata</td><td>N</td><td>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana angustifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana arensii</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana atropurpureum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana attenuata</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana benavidesii</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana benthamiana</td><td>F</td><td>Allen and Matteoni, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana bigelovii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana bonariensis</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana calyciflora</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana caudigera</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana chinensis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana clevelandii</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana cordifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana cycliflora</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana debneyi</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana x edwardsonii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana excelsior</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana exigua</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana fragans</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana glauca</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana glutinosa</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana goodspeedii</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana ingulba</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana knightiana</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana langsdorfii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana linearis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana longiflora</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana macrophylla</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana maritima</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana megalosiphon</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana miersii</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana multivalvis</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana nesophyla</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana noctiflora</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana nudicaulis</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana occidentalis</td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana palmeri</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana paniculata</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana petunoides</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana plumbaginifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana quadrivalvis</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana raimondii</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana repanda</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana rotundifolia</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana rustica</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana sanderae</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana solanifolia</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana stocktonii</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana suaveolens</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana sylvestris</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana tabacum</td><td>M</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana thyrtsiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana tomentosa</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana tomentosiformis</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana trigonophylla</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana undulata</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana veluttina</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nicotiana wigandioides</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nolana sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Petunia hybrida</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Allen et al, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M*</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M*</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Petunia parodi</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Petunia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Petunia violacea</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis alkekengi</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis angulata</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis brasiliensis</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis floridana</td><td>M*</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis franchetti</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis heterophylla</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis hygrophylla</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis ixocarpa</td><td>N</td><td>Valverde et al., 1993</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Diaz-Péres and Pappu, 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis minima</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis peruvianum (= P. peruviana)</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis pruinosa</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Physalis pubescens</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Salpichroa origanifolia</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Salpiglossis sinuata</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Salpiglossis sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Saracha saltomata</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Schizanthus pinnatus</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Schizanthus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum aculeatisimum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum aethiopicum</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum americanum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum atriciplicifolium</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum atrifolium</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum aviculare</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum capsicastrum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum carolinense</td><td>N</td><td>Bond et al., 1983</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum ciliatum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum dulcamara</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum eleagnifolium</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Solanum grandiflorum</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12"></td><td>Solanum indicum</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum integrifolium</td><td>M</td><td>Gognalons et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum laciniatum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum lycocarpum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum mammosum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum marginatum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Solanum melongena</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham et al., 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Parisi et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum miniatum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum minimatum</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum muricatum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Solanum nigrum</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 1991</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Johnson et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Wilson, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum nodiflorum</td><td>-</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum palinacanthum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum pocote</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum pseudocapsicum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum ptycanthum</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum quitoense</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum rantonnetii</td><td>N</td><td>Dellavalle et al., 1999</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum robustum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum sanitwongsii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum seaforthianum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum sodomaeum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum spinosissimum</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum triflorum</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum trifolium</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Solanum tuberosum</td><td>N</td><td>Nagata et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Solanum viarum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Streptosolen jamesonii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Tropaeolaceae (2)</td><td rowspan="3">Tropaeolum majus</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Tropaeolum sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ulmaceae (1)</td><td>Ulmus pumila var. arborea</td><td>M</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Urticaceae (4)</td><td>Parietaria officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Lavina et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Pilea pumila</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td>Urtica dioica</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Urtica sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Valerianaceae (2)</td><td>Centranthus ruber</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Valerianella olitoria</td><td>N</td><td>Vaira et al., 1992c</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="12">Verbenaceae (10)</td><td>Clerodendron thomsioniae</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Lantana sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena alternifolia</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena brasiliensis</td><td>N</td><td>Bond et al., 1983</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena hastata</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena hybrida</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena litoralis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Verbena officinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Verbena rigida</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Verbena sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Violaceae (5)</td><td>Viola cornuta</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Viola odorata</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Viola sororia</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Viola sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Viola x wittrockiana</td><td>N</td><td>Ruter and Gitaitis, 1993</td></tr><tr><td>Zygophyllaceae (1)</td><td>Tribulus terrestris</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1987</td></tr></tbody></table>

M = experimental transmission and positive in ELISA test; N = natural infections; F = transmitted by *Frankliniella occidentalis*; Ff = transmitted by *Frankliniella fusca*; T = transmitted by *Thrips tabaci*; - = no information given; M* = experimental transmission with development of local lesions; N* = positive bioassay.

<table><caption>**Table 3.** Class Monocotyledones</caption><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="10">Agavaceae<br>(=Dracenaceae)(11)</td><td>Cordyline sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Cordyline terminalis</td><td>N</td><td>Cho et al., 1986</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena deremensis</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena draco</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena fragrans</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena fragrans var. massangeana</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena marginata</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena marginata bicolor</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Dracaena sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Yucca aloifolia</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Yucca baccata</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="20">Amaryllidaceae (30)</td><td>Alstroemeria aurantiaca</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Alstroemeria hybrida</td><td>N</td><td>Lathman and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Alstroemeria sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis aulicum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis belladonna</td><td>N</td><td>Derks and Lemmers, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis hybrida</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis reginae</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis rutilum</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Amaryllis x nerine</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Clivia miniata</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Clivia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Crinum giganteum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Crinum imbricatum</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Eucharis grandiflora</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Eucharis sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Hippeastrum aulicum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Hippeastrum x hybridum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Hippeastrum hybride</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Hippeastrum reginae</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Hippeastrum rutilum</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Hipppeastrum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994;</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Derks and Lemmers, 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14">Araceae (27)</td><td>Hymenocallis johnsonii</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Hymenocallis occidentalis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Hymenocallis pauciflora</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Hymenocallis solandriflora</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Leptochiton quitoensis</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Nerine bowdenii</td><td>N</td><td>Derks and Lemmers, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Nerine sp.</td><td>N</td><td>OEPP, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Vallota sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Aglaonema commutatum</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Aglaonema sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Anthurium andreanum</td><td>-</td><td>Cho et al., 1989</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Anthurium hookeri</td><td>N</td><td>Mertelik et al., 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Anthurium scherzerianum</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Anthurium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Arum maculatum</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Arum palaestinum</td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Calla palustris</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Calla sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Dieffenbachia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994;</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994;</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Epipremnum aureum</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Epipremnum pinnatum</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Philodendron rubra</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Philodendron tuxla</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Pothos sp.</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Richardia africana<br>(see Zantedeschia aethiopica)</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Richardia scabra</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Spathiphyllum floribundum</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Spathiphyllum sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Syngonium podophyllum</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia aethiopica</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia albo-maculata</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia elliottiana</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia melanoleuca</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia rehmannii</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Zantedeschia sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Arecaceae<br>(=Palmae) (1)</td><td>Chamaedorea costaricana</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Asparagaceae (1)</td><td>Asparagus setaceus</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Bromeliaceae (3)</td><td>Ananas comosus</td><td>N</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Bromelia achmea</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Guzmania sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Xanthorrhoeaceae<br>(=Calectasiaceae) (1)</td><td>Calectasia cyanea</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Cannaceae (1)</td><td>Canna sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Commelinaceae (2)</td><td>Tradescantia albiflora</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Tradescantia sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Cyperaceae (2)</td><td>Cyperus esculentus</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Cyperus rotundus</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Iridaceae (7)</td><td>Belamcanda chinensis</td><td>N<br>N, T</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991<br>Yamamoto and Ohata, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Freesia x hybrida</td><td>N<br>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997<br>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Gladiolus x grandiflorus</td><td>N</td><td>Latham and Jones, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Gladiolus hybridum</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th>Family</th><th>Species</th><th>Infection</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12">Liliaceae<br>(=Colchicaceae) (14)</td><td>Gladiolus sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Derks and Lemmers, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td>Iris sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Derks and Lemmers, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Agapanthus sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Agapanthus umbellatus</td><td>M</td><td>Edwardson and Christie, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>Allium cepa</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td>Allium porrum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Allium sativum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Chlorophytum elatum</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td>Gloriosa rothschildiana</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td>Lilium longiflorum</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Lilium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hausbeck et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Lilium tigrinum</td><td>-</td><td>Best, 1968</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Marchoux et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Marantaceae (4)</td><td>Maianthemum canadense</td><td>F</td><td>Stobbs et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Ornitogalum thyrsoides</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Rohdea sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Adam and Kegler, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Ruscus hypoglossum</td><td>N</td><td>Louro, 1996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Orchidaceae (4)</td><td>Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoveana</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td>Maranta sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Maranta leuconeura var. tricolor</td><td>N</td><td>Kaminska and Korbin, 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Martynia annua</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Poaceae<br>(=Gramineae) (11)</td><td>Cymbidium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Tehrani et al., 1990</td></tr><tr><td>Dendrobium sp.</td><td>-</td><td>Berling, 1991</td></tr><tr><td>Oncidium sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Hu et al., 1992</td></tr><tr><td>Palaenopsis sp.</td><td>N</td><td>Verhoeven and Roenhorst, 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Avena fatua</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cynodon dactylon</td><td>N</td><td>Jorda et al., 1995</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Digitaria sanguinalis</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Echinocloa colonum</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Eleusine indica</td><td>-</td><td>Sether and De Angelis, 1991</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Holcus lanatus</td><td>N</td><td>Grieco et al., 2000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lolium perenne</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Poa annua</td><td>N</td><td>Rosello et al., 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cetaria italica</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Cetaria verticilliata</td><td>M</td><td>Marchoux et al. (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Setaria viridis</td><td>N</td><td>Chatzivassiliou et al., 1998</td></tr></tbody></table>

M = experimental transmission and positive in ELISA test; N = natural infections; F = transmitted by *Frankliniella occidentalis*; Ff = transmitted by *Frankliniella fusca*; T = transmitted by *Thrips tabaci*; - = no information given; M* = experimental transmission with development of local lesions; N* = positive bioassay.
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