# Feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) of the brown noddy, Anous stolidus (L.) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), with description of two new species from Brazil

Fabio Akashi Hernandes, Guilherme Brito

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Fabio Akashi Hernandes, Guilherme Brito. Feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) of the brown noddy, Anous stolidus (L.) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), with description of two new species from Brazil. Acarologia, 2022, 62 (2), pp.317-331. 10.24349/rblu-98ly. hal-03610030

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# Feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) of the brown noddy, *Anous stolidus* (L.) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), with description of two new species from Brazil

Fabio Akashi Hernandes IDa,b, Guilherme R. R. Brito IDa

## Original research

### ABSTRACT

We inspected feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) associated with the brown noddy, *Anous stolidus stolidus* (Linnaeus), for the first time in the Southern hemisphere. Three feather mites are herein reported, including two new species: *Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii sp. nov.* (Analgoidea: Alloptidae), *Alalloptes tintinnabulus sp. nov.* (Analgoidea: Xolalgidae), and *Grenieria bicaudata* Dabert & Atyeo, 1997 (Pterolichoidea: Syringobiidae). The latter species was originally described from a different subspecies of this host in Hawaii.

**Keywords** Neotropics; systematics; taxonomy; ectoparasites; seabird; Anoinae; Alloptidae; Syringobiidae; Xolalgidae

**Zoobank** http://zoobank.org/9BE80328-4846-4217-B2EE-43BA05D6A3A4

### Introduction

The brown noddy, *Anous stolidus* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), is a tropical seabird, resembling terns in general appearance. This highly pelagic species wanders in tropical waters searching for food, often small fish and squid taken by hover and contact dipping. Distributed in pantropical marine areas – with the true extent of marine occurrence unknown – it is seldom seen close to shore away from breeding areas, with few published records of vagrant individuals in NE and SE Brazil. The nest sites are on land with highly variable substrates: bare rock, sand, gravel, soil, vegetation such as tree branches, base of palm fronds, cacti, grass, and tree leaves (Simpson and Simpson 2010; Pereira *et al.* 2015; Chardine *et al.* 2020).

Implemented by Cracraft (2013), the arrangement of Laridae in five subfamilies included *Anous* Stephens, 1826 in a separate subfamily Anoinae Bonaparte, 1854. Relationships with the remaining Laridae indicate Anoinae as the most basal lineage within the family (Baker *et al.* 2007). Even with the scarceness of published records and museum specimens of this bird from the Brazilian coastline, a fair number of records are present in citizen science portals (e.g. Wikiaves and eBird), with most presence in more tropical latitudes. Subtropical records are rare, with only four records found – two in Wikiaves (Farias 2019a; Kerber 2019), two in eBird (Soares 2017; Farias 2019b – one of them redundant making the total number of historical localities only three: Florianópolis and Bombinhas in Santa Catarina State and Rio Grande in Rio Grande do Sul State).

Received 22 December 2021

Accepted 09 March 2022

Published 11 March 2022

Corresponding author
Fabio Akashi Hernandes ID:
abakashi@gmail.com

Academic editor
Auger, Philippe

https://doi.org/
10.24349/rblu-98ly

ISSN 0044-586X (print)
ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic)

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

Akashi Hernandes F. and Brito G. R.
R.

Licensed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

<footnote>a Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, CCB/ECZ, Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970 - Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.</footnote>

<footnote>b CNPq-Brazil Researcher.</footnote>
To this date, the only feather mite (Acariformes: Astigmata) described from the brown noddy is *Grenieria bicaudata* Dabert & Atyeo, 1997 (Pterolichoidea: Syringobiidae), from *Anous stolidus pileatus* (Scopoli, 1786) from Hawaii (Dabert and Atyeo 1997).

In Brazil, feather mites were previously reported from only two birds of the order Charadriiformes: five species from the southern lapwing, *Vanellus chilensis* (Molina, 1782) (Charadriidae) (Pedroso *et al.* 2015) and three species from the white-rumped sandpiper, *Calidris fuscicollis* (Vieillot, 1819) (Scolopacidae) (Gomes *et al.* 2015). Since there are 92 charadriiform birds occurring in Brazil (Pacheco *et al.* 2021), certainly many more feather mites remain to be described and reported from these hosts.

In this study, we report feather mites on the brown noddy (nominal) for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere, including the description of two new species.

## Materials and methods

The bird was found stranded in Praia do Campeche, Florianópolis/SC in 27 Feb 2021 very weakened and taken to the rehabilitation center managed by the NGO “Associação R3 Animal” for stabilization and treatment. It died after a few days and was donated to the Federal University of Santa Catarina for scientific study due to the scarcity and importance of the register – as far as we know, this is the first specimen to this date ever collected in Santa Catarina State.

The mites were collected from a brown noddy skin removed from the carcass by GB with the ruffling technique described by Gaud and Atyeo (1996). In laboratory, the mites found on a tray were picked up with a fine brush and cleared in 30% lactic acid for 24h at 50°C, and finally mounted on microscope slides using Hoyer's medium (Krantz and Walter 2009). After drying and heating for 5 days at 50°C, the slides were sealed with transparent varnish and labeled. The specimens were studied with an Olympus CX31 microscope and illustrations were prepared from pictures of the mites (Omax A35140U 14mpx camera attached to ocular lenses) using Adobe Illustrator CS5 and a Wacom Bamboo Create tablet. The chaetotaxies of idiosoma and legs follow Griffiths *et al.* (1990) and Atyeo and Gaud (1966), respectively, with corrections for coxal setae proposed by Norton (1998). Type specimens are deposited at the Department of Ecology and Zoology of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ECZ-UFSC).

## Taxonomy

**Superfamily Analgoidea Trouessart & Mégnin, 1884**

**Family Alloptidae Gaud, 1957**

**Subfamily Alloptinae Gaud, 1957**

**Genus Alloptes Canestrini, 1879**

**Subgenus Sternaloptes Mironov, 1992 (in: Kivganov and Mironov 1992)**

Type species: *Pterocolus bisetatus* Haller, 1882, by original designation.

The subgenus *Sternaloptes* currently comprises 21 species, including the new species described below (Haller 1882; Trouessart 1885; Dubinin 1951, 1952; Gaud 1957, 1960, 1976; Mironov 1991; Vasyukova and Mironov 1991; Kivganov and Mironov 1992; Mironov and Kivganov 1993; Kivganov 1996; Han *et al.* 2021). These mites are associated with birds of the order Charadriiformes (Lari: Laridae, Stercorariidae) (Choe and Kim 1989; Muzaffar and Jones 2005; Dabert *et al.* 2015; Gomes *et al.* 2015; Tomás *et al.* 2018; Han and Min 2019; Mironov and Hernandes 2020; Seniczak *et al.* 2020; Han *et al.* 2021), with a few questionable records on Procellariiformes (Dubinin 1949). Mites of this subgenus are characterized by the following combination of features: in both sexes, seta *mG* of genu II is tooth-like with blunt apex (Figs. 3B, F) and idiosomal setae *e1* are absent; in males, the posterior end of opisthosoma is widened, and in females, setae *f2*, *ps1*, and *ps2* are absent.
**Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii Hernandes & Brito sp. nov.**

Zoobank: 81105099-16FD-4955-808A-27B890012B87

(Figs. 1-4)

**Type material** — Holotype male, paratypes 2 females ex *Anous stolidus stolidus* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), CAUFSC00389, Praia do Campeche, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (lat -27.6893423, long -48.4811854), 27. Feb. 2021, R3 Animal col.

**Description** — Male (Holotype) (Figs. 1, 3A-D, I, 4A-C). Idiosoma size, length × width, 297 × 137. Prodorsal shield: posterior margin sinuous, surface without ornamentation, greatest length 58, width of posterior part 67, distance between setae *se* 71. Length of hysterosoma from sejugal furrow to bases of setae *h2* 215. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields along midline 18. Hysteronotal shield (Fig. 1A): greatest length from anterior end to bases of setae *h2* 201, width at the very anterior margin 42, anterior margin concave, anterolateral corners blunt-angular, lateral margin with small incision at the level of trochanters III, setae *d2* posterior to these incisions, surface without ornamentation. Subhumeral setae *c3* thin spiculiform, 11 in length; seta *cp* 100 in length. Opisthosoma hourglass-shaped, with constriction at level of femoragenu IV, width at level of this constriction 22, greatest width of posterior end 42; length of interlobar septa 63. Terminal lamella with three pairs of smooth-edged festoons. Setae *h2* whip-like without noticeable enlargement in basal half, greatest width 4. Setae *h3* absent, setae *ps2* greatly reduced. Distance between dorsal setae: *c2:c2* 103, *c2:d2* 44, *d2:e2* 110, *h2:h2* 21.

Epimerites I fused into a Y, sternum about half the total length of epimerites, with narrow sclerotized areas; epimerites II straight, coxal fields II roughly rectangular in shape, almost closed. Coxal fields III open, coxal fields IV closed. Length of genital apparatus 17, width 13. Pregenital sclerite Y-shaped, connecting inner ends of epimerites IIIa and apex of paragenital arch. Adanal shields split into pairs of anterior comma-shaped pieces and posterior longitudinal pieces. Coxal setae 4b and 3a roughly at the same transverse level, pseudanal setae *ps3* and coxal setae 4a at the same level (Fig. 1B). Setae 4a on the striated tegument, setae *ps3* on small comma-shaped sclerites (anterior pieces of adanal shields). Posterior pieces of adanal shields flanking adanal suckers laterally. Adanal suckers 9 in diameter, distance between centers of discs 18. Distance between ventral setae: 4a-4a 27, 3a-g 23, g-ps3 30.

Seta *mG* of genu I spine-like, straight, with acute apex; seta *mG* of genu II stout, tooth-like with bluntly rounded apex (Fig. 3B). Solenidion *σ* of genu III subequal in length to tibia III. Solenidion *φ* of tibia III subequal to corresponding tarsus and ambulacrum combined. Length of legs from anterior margin of trochanter to tip of ambulacrum: leg III 152, leg IV 196. Length of solenidia: σI 27, σII 8, σIII 29, φI 56, φII 73, φIII 43, φIV 60, ωII 23, ω3I 37, ωIII 71.

**Female** (Range for 2 paratypes) (Figs. 2, 3E-H, J, 4D-F). Idiosomal size, length × width, 389-393 × 114-117. Prodorsal shield as in the male, length 68-70, width of posterior part 59-63; distance between setae *se:se* 68-69. Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin convex, surface without ornamentation, greatest length from anterior margin to level of setae *h3* 271-287, width of anterior part 56-57 (Fig. 2A, B). A pair of small lateral sclerites present at level of trochanters IV. Setae *c3* thin spiculiform 10-11. Setae *e1, f2, ps1, ps2, ps3* absent; setae *h1* and *e2* approximately at the same transverse level. Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotal shields along midline 20-22. Opisthosomal lobes strongly elongated, with long and acute membranous extensions, sclerotized part of lobes about 3 times longer than wide at base. Terminal cleft a narrow U, length from tip of membranous apex to the anterior end roughly at the level of setae *h2* 96-101. Distance between dorsal setae: *c2:d2* 56-57, *d2:e2* 100-102, *e2:h2* 66-69, *h2:h3* 53-58, *h2:h2* 41-42, *h3:h3* 22-23. Supranal concavity circular, separated from terminal cleft. Coxal fields I, II as in the male. Epigynum bow-shaped, length × width, 15-17 × 40-44 (Fig. 2B). Legs I, II as in the male. Length of solenidia: σI 30-36, σII 10-11, σIII 29-31, φI 50-50, φII 65-66, φIII 17-18, φIV 15-19, ωII 16-17, ω3I 25-26, ωIII 35-37.

**Differential diagnosis** — The new species is most similar to *Alloptes (Sternalloptes) leptolobus* Gaud, 1976 described from *Sternula albifrons* (Pallas, 1764) (Laridae) in having the
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1** *Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii* sp. nov. (Alloptidae) male habitus: dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2** *Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii* sp. nov. (Alloptidae) female habitus: dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3** *Alloptes* (*Sternalloptes*) *hidasii* sp. nov. (Alloptidae): male legs I–IV (A–D), female legs I–IV (E–H), dorsal view of opisthosoma of male (I) and female (J).</figcaption></figure>

opisthosomal lobes of females strongly elongated, 3 or more times longer than wide. *Alloptes* (*St*) *hidasii* sp. n. can be distinguished in having the following features: in males, the adanal shields are split into two pieces, the pregenital sclerite is Y-shaped, and setae h2 are whip-like, without any enlargement; and in females, the anterior end of the terminal cleft slightly surpasses the level of the setae h2, setae h1 and e2 are arranged in a transverse row, and a pair of small lateral sclerites are present at the level of trochanters IV. In males of *A*. (*St*) *leptolobus*, the
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4** *Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii* sp. nov. (Alloptidae) microphotographs: male habitus (A), ventral views of anterior (B) and posterior idiosoma (C); female habitus (D), ventral views of anterior (E) and posterior (F) idiosoma.</figcaption></figure>

adanal shields are entire, shaped as an inverted L, the pregenital sclerite is V-shaped, and setae *h2* are enlarged and flattened at their midlength; in females, the terminal cleft barely reaches the level of setae *h2*, setae *h1* are distinctly anterior to the level of setae *e2*, and lateral sclerites are absent.

**Etymology** — The species is named after the recently deceased naturalist José Hidasi (1929–2021). Ifjú Vitéz Hidasi József Péter was born in Hungary, arrived in Brazil soon after
the WWII, and adopted a Brazilian name, seeking his dream to become a naturalist in the tropics. He started with a professional bond and friendship with Helmut Sick (1910–1991), the German naturalist, and assisted him in the Central Brazil expeditions of Fundação Brasil Central. Hidasi never left the region, settling down in Goiânia (Goiás State) fulfilling his dream and becoming a very prolific and competent naturalist, gathering specimens for several institutions and collections, natural history exhibitions and assembling what would become the Ornithological Museum of Goiânia (Perotti 2005; Dornas 2009).

**Family Xolalgidae Dubinin, 1953**

**Subfamily Ingrassiinae Gaud & Atyeo, 1981**

**Genus Analoptes Trouessart, 1885**

Type species: *Analoptes megnini* Trouessart, 1885, by original designation.

*Analoptes* currently comprises 14 species, including the new one described herein. Their host associations are among the most diverse of all feather mite genera, with species recorded from quite distantly related taxonomic groups of birds (Prum *et al.* 2015; Feng *et al.* 2020): hornbills (Bucerotiformes: Bucerotidae), rails and trumpeters (Gruiformes: Rallidae, Psophiidae), ibises (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae), ospreys (Accipitriformes: Pandionidae), buttonquails (Charadriiformes: Turnicidae), and passerines (Passeriformes: Corvidae, Conopophagidae, Tyrannidae) (Trouessart 1885; Berlese 1886; Canestrini and Kramer 1899; Gaud 1980, 1982; Gaud and Atyeo 1981; Atyeo and Gaud 1984; Mironov 1997; Mironov and Hernandes 2014; Mu *et al.* 2016; Valdebenito *et al.* 2018). A number of undescribed species have also been reported from limpkins (Gruiformes: Aramidae) (Gaud and Atyeo 1981), passerines (Cotingidae, Furnariidae, Grallariidae) (Barreto *et al.* 2012), jacamars (Galbuliformes: Galbulidae) (Enout *et al.* 2012), and cormorants (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) (FAH pers. obs.). The new species is the first one described from the bird Order Charadriiformes in the Western hemisphere.

*Analoptes tintinnabulus Hernandes & Brito sp. nov.*

Zoobank: ODE79C05-6DC6-4D96-B229-92D5253AF88D
(Figs. 5–7)

**Type Material** — Holotype male and 1 paratype male ex *Anous stolidus stolidus* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), (CAUFSC00389), Praia do Campeche, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (lat -27.6893423, long -48.4811854), 27 Feb. 2021, R3 Animal col.

**Description** — Male (holotype, range for 1 paratype in parentheses) (Figs. 5–7). Length of idiosoma 331 (342), greatest width 158 (155), length of hysterosoma 235 (240). Prodorsal shield: longitudinal plate slightly enlarged posteriorly, occupying median part of prodorsum, posterior margin convex, reaching the level of scapular setae *se*, surface smooth, greatest length 65 (66), greatest width roughly at level of *se* 21 (25) (Fig. 5A). Setae *ve* absent. Scapular setae *se* 84 (81), bases separated by 53 (56); setae *si* on striated tegument. Scapular shields narrow, inner margin slightly convex, surface smooth, without suprategumental extension. Humeral shields small; seta *c2* situated on inner margin of this shield. Setae *c3* short filiform, much shorter than trochanters III, setae *cp* long whip-like, similar in length to idiosoma width. Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin slightly concave, moderately darkened, with two lateral finger-like projections arising near bases of setae *d1*, longitudinally split in two halves by long and wide incision occupying median area of hysteronotum and almost reaching the anterior margin of shield; length of the shield from anterior end to bases of setae *h3* 206 (222), width at anterior margin 74 (79), width including lateral finger-like extensions 101 (114), surface smooth. Anterior area of incision between the levels of setae *d1* and *e1* with longitudinal striae. Dorsal setae *c1*, *h1* absent. Length of setae: *d2* 23 (27) and *e2* 32 (33). Opisthosomal lobes long, almost parallel, with a pair of roughly oval lightly sclerotized areas between bases of setae *f2* and *ps1*. Interlobar membranes extending from level of trochanter IV onto lobar
<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5** *Analloptes tintinnabulus* sp. nov. (Alloptidae) male habitus: dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.</figcaption></figure>

apices, with rounded terminal extension beyond lobar apices bearing setae *h3*, overlapping each other inside terminal cleft, except small median longitudinal ellipsoid void anterior to level of setae *f2*. Surface of interlobar membranes with several widely spaced striae on distal halves. Distances between dorsal setae: *c2:c2* 138 (140), *c2:d2* 53 (56), *d2:e2* 66 (72), *e2:h3* 75 (78), *f2:f2* 81 (90), *ps1:ps1* 45 (50), *h3:h3* 51 (61), *h2:h2* 65 (74).

Epimerites I fused into a Y (Fig. 5B), sternum about ¼ of total length of epimerites I.
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6** *Analoptes tintinnabulus* sp. nov. male legs in dorsal view: trochanter-tarsus I (A), II (B), genu, tibia, and tarsus III (C), tibia and tarsus IV (D).</figcaption></figure>

Coxal fields I–III open. Inner ends of epimerites IIIa with short irregular sclerotized plate. Coxal fields IV closed, inner ends of epimerites IIIa and corresponding bases epimerites IVa connected by oblique long rib-like sclerite. Epimerites IV fused with pregenital apodeme in a high arch-shaped structure. Genital apparatus small, situated at level of trochanters III. Genital papillae situated at level of genital apparatus and setae 4a. Genital and adanal shields absent. Genital setae g minute, situated posterior to level of setae 4a. Setae 4b situated on inner ends of epimerites IIIa. Setae ps3 situated on striated tegument. Setae 3a, 4a, and 4b short filiform, not exceeding length of trochanters III. Adanal suckers 16 (16) in diameter, surrounding membrane with radiate striation. Distance between ventral setae: 4b:4b 44 (42), 4b:3a 9 (10), 4b:g 51 (55), g: ps3 25 (27).

Legs III thin, legs IV more robust than other legs. Tarsus I without apico-dorsal extension; seta *wa* much shorter than *ra*. Tarsus II with small apico-dorsal extension near base of seta *d*, solenidion ω1on medium-sized dorsal hump. Tarsi I, II with two rounded ventral expansions between seta *wa* and base of tarsal stalk. Tibia I, II with spine-like ventral processes. Tarsus III excluding ambulacrum 52 (54) long. Tarsus IV 78 (86) long, with small extension bearing base of seta *r*, setae *d*, *e* reduced to alveoli (Fig. 6D). Length of legs III and IV excluding ambulacra 161 (159) and 227 (222), respectively. Length of solenidia: σ I 48 (50), σII 20 (21), σIII 31
<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 7** *Analloptes tintinnabulus* sp. nov. male, microphotographs: habitus (A), dorsal view of anterior idiosoma (B), and ventral view of opisthosoma (C).</figcaption></figure>

(29), φI 68 (63), φII 84 (92), φIII 60 (62), φIV 86 (94), ωII 23 (26), ω3I 38 (38), ωIΙΙ 55 (61).

**Female** unknown.

**Differential diagnosis** — The new species is close to *Analloptes psophiae* (Trouessart and Neumann, 1888) described from *Psophia crepitans* Linnaeus (= *Psophia agami*) (Gruiformes: Psophiidae) by the similar shape of male lobes, with overlapping interlobar lamellae with largely spaced striae. It differs from the latter species, however, in a number of features. In males, the anterior corners of the hysteronotal shield near bases of setae *d1* have two short finger-like extensions pointing postero-laterally, the longitudinal incision in the hysteronotal shield almost reaches the anterior margin of the shield, setae *cp* are similar in length to idiosoma width, seta *c2* is much shorter than *se* (about 1/5 its length), solenidion σ on genu I is as long as genu + tibia combined, solenidion ω3 on tarsus II about 1.5 times the length of the segment. In males of *A. psophiae*, the anterior extensions on the hysteronotal shield are long and fused with metapodosomal sclerites, the longitudinal incision in the hysteronotal shield does not reach the anterior margin of the shield, setae *cp* are large spiculiform, about ¼ the distance between their bases, seta *c2* are about as long as seta *se*, solenidion σ on genu I is about 1/3 the length of tibia alone, and solenidion ω1 on tarsus II is shorter than the tarsus.

**Etymology** — The specific name is derived from *tintinnabulum* (L. small bell.), adjective, masculine. The species name is an allusion to the adornments and pendants – small bells – possessed by the court jesters employed to entertain noblemen from the Medieval and Renaissance times. The scientific name of the host can be translated as characteristics often attributed to court jesters (G. *Anous* = stupid, foolish; L. *stolidus* = stupid, foolish) (Jobling 2010).
<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

**Figure 8** *Grenieria bicaudata* Dabert & Atyeo 1997 (Syringobiidae) microphotographs: male (A–C) habitus (A), prodorsal region (B), and opisthosomal region (C); female habitus (D), ventral views of genital area (E), and opisthosoma (F).

**Superfamily Pterolichoidea Trouessart & Mégnin, 1884**

**Family Syringobiidae Trouessart, 1897**

**Genus Grenieria Gaud & Mouchet, 1959**

Type species: *Pterolichus simplex* Trouessart, 1886, by original designation.

Seven *Grenieria* species have been described, all associated with terns (Charadriiformes: Laridae: Sterninae) (Dabert and Atyeo 1997). The only two species previously reported in the Neotropics are *G. simplex* (Trouessart, 1886) from *Sterna forsteri* Nuttal, 1834 in Mexico, and *G. phaetusae* from *Phaetusa simplex* (Gmelin, 1789) in Paraguay; the remaining *Grenieria* species are known only from the Northern hemisphere (Dabert and Atyeo 1997; Dabert 2003).

**Grenieria bicaudata Dabert & Atyeo 1997**

(Fig. 8)

**Material examined** — 9 males, 5 females ex *Anous stolidus stolidus* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), (CAUFSC00389), Praia do Campeche, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (lat -27.6893423 long -48.4811854), 27 Feb. 2021, R3 Animal col.

**Remarks** — This species was described from *Anous stolidus pileatus* (Scopoli, 1786) from Hawaii (Dabert and Atyeo 1997), and until this date remained the only feather mite reported from terns of the genus *Anous* Stephens. *Grenieria bicaudata* is herein reported for the first time after the original description. Syringobiids are normally found inside the quills, but may eventually be found outside of their normal habitat (e.g. *Phyllochaeta* spp., Gaud and Atyeo 1996). The specimens reported herein were found on the surface of the feathers, rather than inside the quills.
Acknowledgements

The authors thank the NGO “Associação R3 Animal” (Florianópolis, Brazil) for donating the deceased specimen of the brown noddy for scientific study.

References

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