(258) Zhao, Y.; Wei, J.; Vajtai, R.; Ajayan, P. M.; Barrera, E. V. Iodine doped carbon nanotube cables exceeding specific electrical conductivity of metals. *Sci. Rep.* **2011**, *1*, 83.

(259) Grigorian, L.; Sumanasekera, G. U.; Loper, A. L.; Fang, S.; Allen, J. L.; Eklund, P. C. Transport properties of alkali-metal-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes. *Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.* **1998**, *58*, R4195.

(260) Dettlaff-Weglikowska, U.; Skákalová, V.; Graupner, R.; Jhang, S. H.; Kim, B. H.; Lee, H. J.; Ley, L.; Park, Y. W.; Berber, S.; Tománek, D.; et al. Effect of SOCl2 Treatment on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Networks. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2005**, *127*, 5125.

(261) Choi, J.; Lee, J. Y.; Lee, S. S.; Park, C. R.; Kim, H. High-Performance Thermoelectric Paper Based on Double Carrier-Filtering Processes at Nanowire Heterojunctions. *Adv. Energy Mater.* **2016**, *6*, 1502181.

(262) Lee, M.-H.; Kang, Y. H.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y. K.; Cho, S. Y. Freely Shapable and 3D Porous Carbon Nanotube Foam Using Rapid Solvent Evaporation Method for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators. *Adv. Energy Mater.* **2019**, *9*, 1900914.

(263) Rathore, R.; Loyd, S. H.; Kochi, J. K. Isolation, Structure, and Reactivity of a Novel Chloro-Arenium Cation for Electrophilic (Transfer) Chlorinations. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **1994**, *116*, 8414.

(264) Rathore, R.; Kumar, A. S.; Lindeman, S. V.; Kochi, J. K. Preparation and Structures of Crystalline Aromatic Cation-Radical Salts. Triethyloxonium Hexachloroantimonate as a Novel (One-Electron) Oxidant. *J. Org. Chem.* **1998**, *63*, 5847.

(265) Norton-Baker, B.; Ihly, R.; Gould, I. E.; Avery, A. D.; Owczarczyk, Z. R.; Ferguson, A. J.; Blackburn, J. L. Polymer-Free Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectrics with Improved Charge Carrier Transport and Power Factor. *ACS Energy Lett.* **2016**, *1*, 1212.

(266) Chandra, B.; Afzali, A.; Khare, N.; El-Ashry, M. M.; Tulevski, G. S. Stable Charge-Transfer Doping of Transparent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. *Chem. Mater.* **2010**, *22*, 5179.

(267) Zhou, W. B.; Fan, Q. X.; Zhang, Q.; Cai, L.; Li, K. W.; Gu, X. G.; Yang, F.; Zhang, N.; Wang, Y. C.; Liu, H. P.; et al. High-performance and compact-designed flexible thermoelectric modules enabled by a reticulate carbon nanotube architecture. *Nat. Commun.* **2017**, *8*, 14886.

(268) Kim, S.; Mo, J.-H.; Jang, K.-S. Solution-Processed Carbon Nanotube Buckypapers for Foldable Thermoelectric Generators. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2019**, *11*, 35675.

(269) Choi, J.; Jung, Y.; Dun, C.; Park, K. T.; Gordon, M. P.; Haas, K.; Yuan, P.; Kim, H.; Park, C. R.; Urban, J. J. High-Performance, Wearable Thermoelectric Generator Based on a Highly Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet. *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2020**, *3*, 1199.

(270) Zheng, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Jin, W.; Jing, Y.; Chen, X.; Han, X.; Bao, Q.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, S.; et al. Carbon nanotube yarn based thermoelectric textiles for harvesting thermal energy and powering electronics. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2020**, *8*, 2984.

(271) Nakashima, Y.; Yamaguchi, R.; Toshimitsu, F.; Matsumoto, M.; Borah, A.; Staykov, A.; Islam, M. S.; Hayami, S.; Fujigaya, T. Air-Stable n-Type Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Doped with Benzimidazole Derivatives for Thermoelectric Conversion and Their Air-Stable Mechanism. *ACS Appl. Nano Mater.* **2019**, *2*, 4703.

(272) Nakai, Y.; Honda, K.; Yanagi, K.; Kataura, H.; Kato, T.; Yamamoto, T.; Maniwa, Y. Giant Seebeck coefficient in semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube film. *Appl. Phys. Express* **2014**, *7*, 025103.

(273) Huang, W.; Toshimitsu, F.; Ozono, K.; Matsumoto, M.; Borah, A.; Motoishi, Y.; Park, K. H.; Jang, J. W.; Fujigaya, T. Thermoelectric properties of dispersant-free semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes sorted by a flavin extraction method. *Chem. Commun.* **2019**, *55*, 2636.

(274) Huang, W.; Tokunaga, E.; Nakashima, Y.; Fujigaya, T. Thermoelectric properties of sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube sheets. *Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.* **2019**, *20*, 97.

(275) Behabtu, N.; Young, C. C.; Tsentalovich, D. E.; Kleinerman, O.; Wang, X.; Ma, A. W. K.; Bengio, E. A.; ter Waarbeek, R. F.; de Jong, J. J.; Hoogerwerf, R. E.; et al. Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of

Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity. *Science* **2013**, *339*, 182.

(276) Kodama, T.; Ohnishi, M.; Park, W.; Shiga, T.; Park, J.; Shimada, T.; Shinohara, H.; Shiomi, J.; Goodson, K. E. Modulation of thermal and thermoelectric transport in individual carbon nanotubes by fullerene encapsulation. *Nat. Mater.* **2017**, *16*, 892.

(277) Wesenberg, D. J.; Roos, M. J.; Avery, A. D.; Blackburn, J. L.; Ferguson, A. J.; Zink, B. L. Size- and Temperature-Dependent Suppression of Phonon Thermal Conductivity in Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectric Films. *Adv. Electron. Mater.* **2020**, *6*, 2000746.

(278) Kang, S. D.; Snyder, G. J. Charge-transport model for conducting polymers. *Nat. Mater.* **2017**, *16*, 252.

(279) Liu, Y.; Nitschke, M.; Stepien, L.; Khavrus, V.; Bezugly, V.; Cuniberti, G. Ammonia Plasma-Induced n-Type Doping of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Films: Thermoelectric Properties and Ambient Effects. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2019**, *11*, 21807.

(280) Zhao, W.; Fan, S.; Xiao, N.; Liu, D.; Tay, Y. Y.; Yu, C.; Sim, D.; Hng, H. H.; Zhang, Q.; Boey, F.; et al. Flexible carbon nanotube papers with improved thermoelectric properties. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2012**, *5*, 5364.

(281) Nonoguchi, Y.; Tani, A.; Kitano, T.; Kawai, T. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube films by UV/ozone treatment. *J. Appl. Phys.* **2019**, *126*, 135108.

(282) Ewels, C. P.; Glerup, M. Nitrogen Doping in Carbon Nanotubes. *J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.* **2005**, *5*, 1345.

(283) McGuire, K.; Gothard, N.; Gai, P. L.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Sumanasekera, G.; Rao, A. M. Synthesis and Raman characterization of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. *Carbon* **2005**, *43*, 219.

(284) Blackburn, J. L.; Yan, Y.; Engtrakul, C.; Parilla, P. A.; Jones, K.; Gennett, T.; Dillon, A. C.; Heben, M. J. Synthesis and Characterization of Boron-Doped Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Produced by the Laser Vaporization Technique. *Chem. Mater.* **2006**, *18*, 2558.

(285) Dörling, B.; Sandoval, S.; Kankla, P.; Fuertes, A.; Tobias, G.; Campoy-Quiles, M. Exploring different doping mechanisms in thermoelectric polymer/carbon nanotube composites. *Synth. Met.* **2017**, *225*, 70.

(286) Dörling, B.; Ryan, J. D.; Craddock, J. D.; Sorrentino, A.; Basaty, A. E.; Gomez, A.; Garriga, M.; Pereiro, E.; Anthony, J. E.; Weisenberger, M. C.; et al. Photoinduced p- to n-type Switching in Thermoelectric Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Composites. *Adv. Mater.* **2016**, *28*, 2782.

(287) Chiang, W.-H.; Iihara, Y.; Li, W.-T.; Hsieh, C.-Y.; Lo, S.-C.; Goto, C.; Tani, A.; Kawai, T.; Nonoguchi, Y. Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Boron-Substituted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2019**, *11*, 7235.

(288) Yamaguchi, S.; Tsunekawa, I.; Komatsu, N.; Gao, W.; Shiga, T.; Kodama, T.; Kono, J.; Shiomi, J. One-directional thermal transport in densely aligned single-wall carbon nanotube films. *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **2019**, *115*, 223104.

(289) Ryu, S. W.; Hwang, J. W.; Hong, S. H. Synthesis and Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest for Solid State Fiber Spinning. *J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.* **2012**, *12*, 5653.

(290) Lee, J.; Lee, D.-M.; Jung, Y.; Park, J.; Lee, H. S.; Kim, Y.-K.; Park, C. R.; Jeong, H. S.; Kim, S. M. Direct spinning and densification method for high-performance carbon nanotube fibers. *Nat. Commun.* **2019**, *10*, 2962.

(291) Abol-Fotouh, D.; Dörling, B.; Zapata-Arteaga, O.; Rodríguez-Martínez, X.; Gómez, A.; Reparaz, J. S.; Laromaine, A.; Roig, A.; Campoy-Quiles, M. Farming thermoelectric paper. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2019**, *12*, 716.

(292) Lee, T.; Park, K. T.; Ku, B.-C.; Kim, H. Carbon nanotube fibers with enhanced longitudinal carrier mobility for high-performance all-carbon thermoelectric generators. *Nanoscale* **2019**, *11*, 16199.

(293) Ryan, J. D.; Lund, A.; Hofmann, A. I.; Kroon, R.; Sarabia-Riquelme, R.; Weisenberger, M. C.; Müller, C. All-Organic Textile Thermoelectrics with Carbon-Nanotube-Coated n-Type Yarns. *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2018**, *1*, 2934.

(294) Xu, Y.; Li, Z.; Duan, W. Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of Graphene. *Small* **2014**, *10*, 2182.
(295) Dollfus, P.; Hung Nguyen, V.; Saint-Martin, J. Thermoelectric effects in graphene nanostructures. *J. Phys.: Condens. Matter* **2015**, *27*, 133204.

(296) Zong, P.-A.; Liang, J.; Zhang, P.; Wan, C.; Wang, Y.; Koumoto, K. Graphene-Based Thermoelectrics. *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2020**, *3*, 2224.

(297) Andrei, E. Y.; Li, G.; Du, X. Electronic properties of graphene: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy and magnetotransport. *Rep. Prog. Phys.* **2012**, *75*, 056501.

(298) Cai, J.; Ruffieux, P.; Jaafar, R.; Bieri, M.; Braun, T.; Blankenburg, S.; Muoth, M.; Seitsonen, A. P.; Saleh, M.; Feng, X.; et al. Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons. *Nature* **2010**, *466*, 470.

(299) Han, M. Y.; Özyilmaz, B.; Zhang, Y.; Kim, P. Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons. *Phys. Rev. Lett.* **2007**, *98*, 206805.

(300) Hernandez, Y.; Nicolosi, V.; Lotya, M.; Blighe, F. M.; Sun, Z.; De, S.; McGovern, I. T.; Holland, B.; Byrne, M.; Gun'Ko, Y. K.; et al. High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. *Nat. Nanotechnol.* **2008**, *3*, 563.

(301) Dikin, D. A.; Stankovich, S.; Zimney, E. J.; Piner, R. D.; Dommett, G. H. B.; Evmenenko, G.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. *Nature* **2007**, *448*, 457.

(302) Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene. *Nano Lett.* **2008**, *8*, 902.

(303) Ghosh, S.; Nika, D. L.; Pokatilov, E. P.; Balandin, A. A. Heat conduction in graphene: experimental study and theoretical interpretation. *New J. Phys.* **2009**, *11*, 095012.

(304) Chen, S.; Wu, Q.; Mishra, C.; Kang, J.; Zhang, H.; Cho, K.; Cai, W.; Balandin, A. A.; Ruoff, R. S. Thermal conductivity of isotopically modified graphene. *Nat. Mater.* **2012**, *11*, 203.

(305) Löfwander, T.; Fogelström, M. Impurity scattering and Mott's formula in graphene. *Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.* **2007**, *76*, 193401.

(306) Zuev, Y. M.; Chang, W.; Kim, P. Thermoelectric and Magnetothermoelectric Transport Measurements of Graphene. *Phys. Rev. Lett.* **2009**, *102*, 096807.

(307) Wei, P.; Bao, W.; Pu, Y.; Lau, C. N.; Shi, J. Anomalous Thermoelectric Transport of Dirac Particles in Graphene. *Phys. Rev. Lett.* **2009**, *102*, 166808.

(308) Seol, J. H.; Jo, I.; Moore, A. L.; Lindsay, L.; Aitken, Z. H.; Pettes, M. T.; Li, X. S.; Yao, Z.; Huang, R.; Broido, D.; et al. Two-Dimensional Phonon Transport in Supported Graphene. *Science* **2010**, *328*, 213.

(309) Kanahashi, K.; Ishihara, M.; Hasegawa, M.; Ohta, H.; Takenobu, T. Giant power factors in p- and n-type large-area graphene films on a flexible plastic substrate. *npj 2D Mater. Appl.* **2019**, *3*, 44.

(310) Ouyang, Y.; Guo, J. A theoretical study on thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoribbons. *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **2009**, *94*, 263107.

(311) Sevincli, H.; Cuniberti, G. Enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit in edge-disordered zigzag graphene nanoribbons. *Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.* **2010**, *81*, 113401.

(312) Chen, Y.; Jayasekera, T.; Calzolari, A.; Kim, K. W.; Buongiorno Nardelli, M. Thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoribbons, junctions and superlattices. *J. Phys.: Condens. Matter* **2010**, *22*, 372202.

(313) Kim, J. Y.; Grossman, J. C. High-Efficiency Thermoelectrics with Functionalized Graphene. *Nano Lett.* **2015**, *15*, 2830.

(314) Oh, J.; Yoo, H.; Choi, J.; Kim, J. Y.; Lee, D. S.; Kim, M. J.; Lee, J.-C.; Kim, W. N.; Grossman, J. C.; Park, J. H.; et al. Significantly reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced thermoelectric properties of single- and bi-layer graphene nanomeshes with sub-10nm neck-width. *Nano Energy* **2017**, *35*, 26.

(315) Li, Q.-Y.; Feng, T.; Okita, W.; Komori, Y.; Suzuki, H.; Kato, T.; Kaneko, T.; Ikuta, T.; Ruan, X.; Takahashi, K. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of As-Grown Suspended Graphene Nanoribbons. *ACS Nano* **2019**, *13*, 9182.

(316) Ma, W.; Liu, Y.; Yan, S.; Miao, T.; Shi, S.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Gao, C. Chemically doped macroscopic graphene fibers with

significantly enhanced thermoelectric properties. *Nano Res.* **2018**, *11*, 741.

(317) Yi, M.; Shen, Z. A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2015**, *3*, 11700.

(318) Choi, J.; Tu, N. D. K.; Lee, S.-S.; Lee, H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, H. Controlled oxidation level of reduced graphene oxides and its effect on thermoelectric properties. *Macromol. Res.* **2014**, *22*, 1104.

(319) Wang, W.; Zhang, Q.; Li, J.; Liu, X.; Wang, L.; Zhu, J.; Luo, W.; Jiang, W. An efficient thermoelectric material: preparation of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid composites by cryogenic grinding. *RSC Adv.* **2015**, *5*, 8988.

(320) Gao, J.; Liu, C.; Miao, L.; Wang, X.; Peng, Y.; Chen, Y. Enhanced power factor in flexible reduced graphene oxide/nanowires hybrid films for thermoelectrics. *RSC Adv.* **2016**, *6*, 31580.

(321) Li, T.; Pickel, A. D.; Yao, Y.; Chen, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Lacey, S. D.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Dai, J.; Wang, Y.; et al. Thermoelectric properties and performance of flexible reduced graphene oxide films up to 3,000 K. *Nat. Energy* **2018**, *3*, 148.

(322) Novak, T. G.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Tiwari, A. P.; Shin, H.; Song, J. Y.; Jeon, S. Complementary n-Type and p-Type Graphene Films for High Power Factor Thermoelectric Generators. *Adv. Funct. Mater.* **2020**, *30*, 2001760.

(323) Novak, T. G.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Shin, H.; Tiwari, A. P.; Song, J. Y.; Jeon, S. Flexible thermoelectric films with high power factor made of non-oxidized graphene flakes. *2D Mater.* **2019**, *6*, 045019.

(324) Zengin, H.; Zhou, W.; Jin, J.; Czerw, R.; Smith, D. W., Jr; Echegoyen, L.; Carroll, D. L.; Foulger, S. H.; Ballato, J. Carbon Nanotube Doped Polyaniline. *Adv. Mater.* **2002**, *14*, 1480.

(325) Feng, W.; Bai, X. D.; Lian, Y. Q.; Liang, J.; Wang, X. G.; Yoshino, K. Well-aligned polyaniline/carbon-nanotube composite films grown by in-situ aniline polymerization. *Carbon* **2003**, *41*, 1551.

(326) Yu, C.; Kim, Y. S.; Kim, D.; Grunlan, J. C. Thermoelectric Behavior of Segregated-Network Polymer Nanocomposites. *Nano Lett.* **2008**, *8*, 4428.

(327) Kim, D.; Kim, Y.; Choi, K.; Grunlan, J. C.; Yu, C. Improved Thermoelectric Behavior of Nanotube-Filled Polymer Composites with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Poly(styrenesulfonate). *ACS Nano* **2010**, *4*, 513.

(328) Meng, C. Z.; Liu, C. H.; Fan, S. S. A Promising Approach to Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties Using Carbon Nanotube Networks. *Adv. Mater.* **2010**, *22*, 535.

(329) Yao, Q.; Chen, L.; Zhang, W.; Liufu, S.; Chen, X. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/ Polyaniline Hybrid Nanocomposites. *ACS Nano* **2010**, *4*, 2445.

(330) Minnich, A. J.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Ren, Z. F.; Chen, G. Bulk nanostructured thermoelectric materials: current research and future prospects. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2009**, *2*, 466.

(331) Szczech, J. R.; Higgins, J. M.; Jin, S. Enhancement of the thermoelectric properties in nanoscale and nanostructured materials. *J. Mater. Chem.* **2011**, *21*, 4037.

(332) Blackburn, J. L.; Ferguson, A. J.; Cho, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thermoelectric Materials and Devices. *Adv. Mater.* **2018**, *30*, 1704386.

(333) Faleev, S. V.; Léonard, F. Theory of enhancement of thermoelectric properties of materials with nanoinclusions. *Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.* **2008**, *77*, 214304.

(334) Cho, C.; Culebras, M.; Wallace, K. L.; Song, Y.; Holder, K.; Hsu, J.-H.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Stable n-type thermoelectric multilayer thin films with high power factor from carbonaceous nanofillers. *Nano Energy* **2016**, *28*, 426.

(335) Cho, C.; Wallace, K. L.; Tzeng, P.; Hsu, J. H.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Outstanding Low Temperature Thermoelectric Power Factor from Completely Organic Thin Films Enabled by Multidimensional Conjugated Nanomaterials. *Adv. Energy Mater.* **2016**, *6*, 1502168.

(336) Zhang, K.; Wang, S.; Qiu, J.; Blackburn, J. L.; Zhang, X.; Ferguson, A. J.; Miller, E. M.; Weeks, B. L. Effect of host-mobility dependent carrier scattering on thermoelectric power factors of polymer composites. *Nano Energy* **2016**, *19*, 128.
(337) Cho, C.; Qin, S.; Choi, K.; Grunlan, J. C. Improved Thermoelectric Power Factor in Completely Organic Nanocomposite Enabled by I-Ascorbic Acid. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. **2019**, *1*, 1942.

(338) Lin, Y.; Wood, M.; Imasato, K.; Kuo, J. J.; Lam, D.; Mortazavi, A. N.; Slade, T. J.; Hodge, S. A.; Xi, K.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; et al. Expression of interfacial Seebeck coefficient through grain boundary engineering with multi-layer graphene nanoplatelets. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2020**, *13*, 4114.

(339) Yu, C.; Choi, K.; Yin, L.; Grunlan, J. C. Light-Weight Flexible Carbon Nanotube Based Organic Composites with Large Thermoelectric Power Factors. ACS Nano **2011**, *5*, 7885.

(340) Moriarty, G. P.; De, S.; King, P. J.; Khan, U.; Via, M.; King, J. A.; Coleman, J. N.; Grunlan, J. C. Thermoelectric behavior of organic thin film nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci, Part B: Polym. Phys. **2013**, *51*, 119.

(341) Moriarty, G. P.; Briggs, K.; Stevens, B.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Fully Organic Nanocomposites with High Thermoelectric Power Factors by using a Dual-Stabilizer Preparation. Energy Technol. **2013**, *1*, 265.

(342) Yao, Q.; Wang, Q.; Wang, L. M.; Chen, L. D. Abnormally enhanced thermoelectric transport properties of SWNT/PANI hybrid films by the strengthened PANI molecular ordering. Energy Environ. Sci. **2014**, *7*, 3801.

(343) Lee, W.; Hong, C. T.; Kwon, O. H.; Yoo, Y.; Kang, Y. H.; Lee, J. Y.; Cho, S. Y.; Jang, K.-S. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Bar-Coated SWCNT/P3HT Thin Films. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2015**, *7*, 6550.

(344) Wang, H.; Yi, S.-I.; Pu, X.; Yu, C. Simultaneously Improving Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of Polyaniline Composites by Utilizing Carbon Nanotubes as High Mobility Conduits. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2015**, *7*, 9589.

(345) Hong, C. T.; Lee, W.; Kang, Y. H.; Yoo, Y.; Ryu, J.; Cho, S. Y.; Jang, K.-S. Effective doping by spin-coating and enhanced thermoelectric power factors in SWCNT/P3HT hybrid films. J. Mater. Chem. A **2015**, *3*, 12314.

(346) Lee, W.; Kang, Y. H.; Lee, J. Y.; Jang, K.-S.; Cho, S. Y. Improving the thermoelectric power factor of CNT/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films by ethylene glycol treatment. RSC Adv. **2016**, *6*, 53339.

(347) Wang, L.; Yao, Q.; Xiao, J.; Zeng, K.; Qu, S.; Shi, W.; Wang, Q.; Chen, L. Engineered Molecular Chain Ordering in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline Composite Films for High-Performance Organic Thermoelectric Materials. Chem. - Asian J. **2016**, *11*, 1804.

(348) Wang, L.; Yao, Q.; Shi, W.; Qu, S.; Chen, L. Engineering carrier scattering at the interfaces in polyaniline based nanocomposites for high thermoelectric performances. Mater. Chem. Front. **2017**, *1*, 741.

(349) Fan, W.; Liang, L.; Zhang, B.; Guo, C.-Y.; Chen, G. PEDOT thermoelectric composites with excellent power factors prepared by 3-phase interfacial electropolymerization and carbon nanotube chemical doping. J. Mater. Chem. A **2019**, *7*, 13687.

(350) Ha, J. U.; Cho, J.; Yoon, S.; Jang, M. S.; Hassan, S. Z.; Kang, M. G.; Chung, D. S. Polyvinyl alcohol covalently grafted CNT for free-standing, flexible, and high-performance thermoelectric generator film. Nanotechnology **2019**, *30*, 14LT01.

(351) Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Guo, Y.; Chen, X.; Jin, X.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, K.; Wang, S.; Qiu, Y. Fabrication of core-shell structured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon nanotube hybrids with enhanced thermoelectric power factors. Carbon **2019**, *148*, 290.

(352) Liu, S.; Kong, J.; Chen, H.; He, C. Interfacial Energy Barrier Tuning for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT Nanowire/SWNT/PEDOT:PSS Ternary Composites. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. **2019**, *2*, 8843.

(353) Jung, J.; Suh, E. H.; Jeong, Y. J.; Yang, H. S.; Lee, T.; Jang, J. Efficient Debundling of Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Wrapping with Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Improving Thermoelectric Properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2019**, *11*, 47330.

(354) Hata, S.; Mihara, T.; Shiraishi, M.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Du, Y.; Shiraishi, Y.; Toshima, N. Development of carbon nanotube organic thermoelectric materials using cyclodextrin polymer: control of semiconductor characteristics by the solvent effect. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. **2020**, *59*, SDDD05.

(355) Li, H.; Liu, S.; Li, P.; Yuan, D.; Zhou, X.; Sun, J.; Lu, X.; He, C. Interfacial control and carrier tuning of carbon nanotube/polyaniline composites for high thermoelectric performance. *Carbon* **2018**, *136*, 292.

(356) Maity, S.; Sepay, N.; Kulsi, C.; Kool, A.; Das, S.; Banerjee, D.; Chatterjee, K. Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in Oligomeric PEDOT-SWCNT Nanocomposite via Band Gap Tuning. Chemistry Select **2018**, *3*, 8992.

(357) Tonga, M.; Wei, L.; Wilusz, E.; Korugic-Karasz, L.; Karasz, F. E.; Lahti, P. M. Solution-fabrication dependent thermoelectric behavior of iodine-doped regioregular and regiorandom P3HT/carbon nanotube composites. Synth. Met. **2018**, *239*, 51.

(358) Mo, J.-H.; Kim, J.-Y.; Kang, Y. H.; Cho, S. Y.; Jang, K.-S. Carbon Nanotube/Cellulose Acetate Thermoelectric Papers. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. **2018**, *6*, 15970.

(359) Wu, G.; Zhang, Z.-G.; Li, Y.; Gao, C.; Wang, X.; Chen, G. Exploring High-Performance n-Type Thermoelectric Composites Using Amino-Substituted Rylene Dimides and Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano **2017**, *11*, 5746.

(360) Gao, C.; Chen, G. In Situ Oxidation Synthesis of p-Type Composite with Narrow-Bandgap Small Organic Molecule Coating on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube: Flexible Film and Thermoelectric Performance. Small **2018**, *14*, 1703453.

(361) Gao, C.; Liu, Y.; Gao, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, X.; Yin, X.; Pan, C.; Yang, C.; Wang, H.; Chen, G.; et al. High-performance n-type thermoelectric composites of acridones with tethered tertiary amines and carbon nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem. A **2018**, *6*, 20161.

(362) Yin, X.; Peng, Y.; Luo, J.; Zhou, X.; Gao, C.; Wang, L.; Yang, C. Tailoring the framework of organic small molecule semiconductors towards high-performance thermoelectric composites via conglutinated carbon nanotube webs. J. Mater. Chem. A **2018**, *6*, 8323.

(363) Liu, Y.; Dai, Q.; Zhou, Y.; Li, B.; Mao, X.; Gao, C.; Gao, Y.; Pan, C.; Jiang, Q.; Wu, Y.; et al. High-Performance N-Type Carbon Nanotube Composites: Improved Power Factor by Optimizing the Acridine Scaffold and Tailoring the Side Chains. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2019**, *11*, 29320.

(364) Tan, J.; Chen, Z.; Wang, D.; Qin, S.; Xiao, X.; Xie, D.; Liu, D.; Wang, L. Balancing the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient by controlled interfacial doping towards high performance benzothienobenzothiophene-based organic thermoelectric materials. J. Mater. Chem. A **2019**, *7*, 24982.

(365) Chen, Y.; Qu, S.; Shi, W.; Yao, Q.; Chen, L. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of copper phthalocyanine/single-walled carbon nanotubes hybrids. Carbon **2020**, *159*, 471.

(366) Yin, X.; Zhong, F.; Chen, Z.; Gao, C.; Xie, G.; Wang, L.; Yang, C. Manipulating the doping level via host-dopant synergism towards high performance n-type thermoelectric composites. Chem. Eng. J. **2020**, *382*, 122817.

(367) Nandihalli, N.; Liu, C.-J.; Mori, T. Polymer based thermoelectric nanocomposite materials and devices: Fabrication and characteristics. Nano Energy **2020**, *78*, 105186.

(368) Yao, Q.; Wang, Q.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Sun, J.; Zeng, H.; Jin, Z.; Huang, X.; Chen, L. The synergic regulation of conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in pure polyaniline by chemically changing the ordered degree of molecular chains. J. Mater. Chem. A **2014**, *2*, 2634.

(369) Wu, R.; Yuan, H.; Liu, C.; Lan, J.-L.; Yang, X.; Lin, Y.-H. Flexible PANI/SWCNT thermoelectric films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity. RSC Adv. **2018**, *8*, 26011.

(370) Du, Y.; Shen, S. Z.; Yang, W. D.; Cai, K. F.; Casey, P. S. Preparation and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3-hexylthiophene) thermoelectric composite materials. Synth. Met. **2012**, *162*, 375.

(371) Schuettfort, T.; Nish, A.; Nicholas, R. J. Observation of a Type II Heterojunction in a Highly Ordered Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Nanohybrid Structure. Nano Lett. **2009**, *9*, 3871.

(372) Schuettfort, T.; Snaith, H. J.; Nish, A.; Nicholas, R. J. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of solution processable highly ordered polythiophene-carbon nanotube nanohybrid structures. *Nanotechnology* **2010**, *21*, 025201.
(373) Ferguson, A. J.; Blackburn, J. L.; Holt, J. M.; Kopidakis, N.; Tenent, R. C.; Barnes, T. M.; Heben, M. J.; Rumbles, G. Photoinduced Energy and Charge Transfer in P3HT:SWNT Composites. *J. Phys. Chem. Lett.* **2010**, *1*, 2406.

(374) Bounioux, C.; Diaz-Chao, P.; Campoy-Quiles, M.; Martin-Gonzalez, M. S.; Goni, A. R.; Yerushalmi-Rozen, R.; Muller, C. Thermoelectric composites of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and carbon nanotubes with a large power factor. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2013**, *6*, 918.

(375) Lee, W.; Hong, C. T.; Kwon, O. H.; Yoo, Y.; Kang, Y. H.; Lee, J. Y.; Cho, S. Y.; Jang, K. S. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of bar-coated SWCNT/P3HT thin films. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2015**, *7*, 6550.

(376) Hong, C. T.; Kang, Y. H.; Ryu, J.; Cho, S. Y.; Jang, K.-S. Spray-printed CNT/P3HT organic thermoelectric films and power generators. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2015**, *3*, 21428.

(377) Huang, D.; Wang, C.; Zou, Y.; Shen, X.; Zang, Y.; Shen, H.; Gao, X.; Yi, Y.; Xu, W.; Di, C.-A.; et al. Bismuth Interfacial Doping of Organic Small Molecules for High Performance n-type Thermoelectric Materials. *Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.* **2016**, *55*, 10672.

(378) Huang, D.; Yao, H.; Cui, Y.; Zou, Y.; Zhang, F.; Wang, C.; Shen, H.; Jin, W.; Zhu, J.; Diao, Y.; et al. Conjugated-Backbone Effect of Organic Small Molecules for n-Type Thermoelectric Materials with ZT over 0.2. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2017**, *139*, 13013.

(379) Yuan, D.; Huang, D.; Zhang, C.; Zou, Y.; Di, C.-A.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, D. Efficient Solution-Processed n-Type Small-Molecule Thermoelectric Materials Achieved by Precisely Regulating Energy Level of Organic Dopants. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2017**, *9*, 28795.

(380) Jhulki, S.; Moorthy, J. N. Small molecular hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs): structural diversity and classification. *J. Mater. Chem. C* **2018**, *6*, 8280.

(381) Shahnawaz; Sudheendran Swayamprabha, S.; Nagar, M. R.; Yadav, R. A. K.; Gull, S.; Dubey, D. K.; Jou, J.-H. Hole-transporting materials for organic light-emitting diodes: an overview. *J. Mater. Chem. C* **2019**, *7*, 7144.

(382) Du, Y.; Cai, K. F.; Shen, S. Z.; Casey, P. S. Preparation and characterization of graphene nanosheets/poly(3-hexylthiophene) thermoelectric composite materials. *Synth. Met.* **2012**, *162*, 2102.

(383) Han, S.; Zhai, W.; Chen, G.; Wang, X. Morphology and thermoelectric properties of graphene nanosheets enwrapped with polypyrrole. *RSC Adv.* **2014**, *4*, 29281.

(384) Wang, L.; Liu, F.; Jin, C.; Zhang, T.; Yin, Q. Preparation of polypyrrole/graphene nanosheets composites with enhanced thermoelectric properties. *RSC Adv.* **2014**, *4*, 46187.

(385) Zhang, Z.; Chen, G.; Wang, H.; Zhai, W. Enhanced thermoelectric property by the construction of a nanocomposite 3D interconnected architecture consisting of graphene nanolayers sandwiched by polypyrrole nanowires. *J. Mater. Chem. C* **2015**, *3*, 1649.

(386) Xin, S.; Yang, N.; Gao, F.; Zhao, J.; Li, L.; Teng, C. Free-standing and flexible polypyrrole nanotube/reduced graphene oxide hybrid film with promising thermoelectric performance. *Mater. Chem. Phys.* **2018**, *212*, 440.

(387) Wang, L.; Wang, D.; Zhu, G.; Li, J.; Pan, F. Thermoelectric properties of conducting polyaniline/graphite composites. *Mater. Lett.* **2011**, *65*, 1086.

(388) Du, Y.; Shen, S. Z.; Yang, W.; Donelson, R.; Cai, K.; Casey, P. S. Simultaneous increase in conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in a polyaniline/graphene nanosheets thermoelectric nanocomposite. *Synth. Met.* **2012**, *161*, 2688.

(389) Xiang, J.; Drzal, L. T. Templated growth of polyaniline on exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and its thermoelectric properties. *Polymer* **2012**, *53*, 4202.

(390) Abad, B.; Alda, I.; Díaz-Chao, P.; Kawakami, H.; Almarza, A.; Amantia, D.; Gutierrez, D.; Aubouy, L.; Martín-González, M. Improved power factor of polyaniline nanocomposites with exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2013**, *1*, 10450.

(391) Wang, L.; Yao, Q.; Bi, H.; Huang, F.; Wang, Q.; Chen, L. Large thermoelectric power factor in polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite films prepared by solution-assistant dispersing method. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2014**, *2*, 11107.

(392) Wang, L.; Yao, Q.; Bi, H.; Huang, F.; Wang, Q.; Chen, L. PANI/graphene nanocomposite films with high thermoelectric properties by enhanced molecular ordering. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2015**, *3*, 7086.

(393) Ube, T.; Koyanagi, J.; Kosaki, T.; Fujimoto, K.; Yokozeki, T.; Ishiguro, T.; Nishio, K. Fabrication of well-isolated graphene and evaluation of thermoelectric performance of polyaniline-graphene composite film. *J. Mater. Sci.* **2019**, *54*, 3904.

(394) Hsieh, Y.-Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Fang, Y.; Kanakaraj, S. N.; Bahk, J.-H.; Shanov, V. High thermoelectric power-factor composites based on flexible three-dimensional graphene and polyaniline. *Nano-scale* **2019**, *11*, 6552.

(395) Kim, G. H.; Hwang, D. H.; Woo, S. I. Thermoelectric properties of nanocomposite thin films prepared with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) and graphene. *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2012**, *14*, 3530.

(396) Yoo, D.; Kim, J.; Kim, J. H. Direct synthesis of highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/graphene composites and their applications in energy harvesting systems. *Nano Res.* **2014**, *7*, 717.

(397) Li, F.; Cai, K.; Shen, S.; Chen, S. Preparation and thermoelectric properties of reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite films. *Synth. Met.* **2014**, *197*, 58.

(398) Liu, X.; Du, Y.; Meng, Q.; Shen, S. Z.; Xu, J. Flexible thermoelectric power generators fabricated using graphene/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films. *J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron.* **2019**, *30*, 20369.

(399) Zhang, K.; Wang, S.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Cui, Y.; Qiu, J. Thermoelectric performance of p-type nanohybrids filled polymer composites. *Nano Energy* **2015**, *13*, 327.

(400) Du, F.-P.; Cao, N.-N.; Zhang, Y.-F.; Fu, P.; Wu, Y.-G.; Lin, Z.-D.; Shi, R.; Amini, A.; Cheng, C. PEDOT:PSS/graphene quantum dots films with enhanced thermoelectric properties via strong interfacial interaction and phase separation. *Sci. Rep.* **2018**, *8*, 6441.

(401) Bubnova, O.; Khan, Z. U.; Malti, A.; Braun, S.; Fahlman, M.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. Optimization of the thermoelectric figure of merit in the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). *Nat. Mater.* **2011**, *10*, 429.

(402) Maity, S.; Kulsi, C.; Banerjee, S.; Das, S.; Chatterjee, K. Dependence of thermoelectric power and electrical conductivity on structural order of PEDOT-Tos-graphene nanocomposite via charge carrier mobility. *Mater. Res. Express* **2019**, *6*, 105095.

(403) Paloheimo, J.; Laakso, K.; Isotalo, H.; Stubb, H. Conductivity, thermoelectric power and field-effect mobility in self-assembled films of polyanilines and oligoanilines. *Synth. Met.* **1995**, *68*, 249.

(404) Rivadulla, F.; Mateo-Mateo, C.; Correa-Duarte, M. A. Layer-by-layer polymer coating of carbon nanotubes: tuning of electrical conductivity in random networks. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2010**, *132*, 3751.

(405) Lynch, J.; Kotiuga, M.; Doan-Nguyen, V. V. T.; Queen, W. L.; Forster, J. D.; Schlitz, R. A.; Murray, C. B.; Neaton, J. B.; Chabinyc, M. L.; Urban, J. J. Ligand Coupling Symmetry Correlates with Thermopower Enhancement in Small-Molecule/Nanocrystal Hybrid Materials. *ACS Nano* **2014**, *8*, 10528.

(406) Cho, C.; Stevens, B.; Hsu, J.-H.; Bureau, R.; Hagen, D. A.; Regev, O.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Completely Organic Multilayer Thin Film with Thermoelectric Power Factor Rivaling Inorganic Tellurides. *Adv. Mater.* **2015**, *27*, 2996.

(407) Cho, C.; Bittner, N.; Choi, W.; Hsu, J.-H.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Thermally Enhanced n-Type Thermoelectric Behavior in Completely Organic Graphene Oxide-Based Thin Films. *Adv. Electron. Mater.* **2019**, *5*, 1800465.

(408) Stevens, D. L.; Parra, A.; Grunlan, J. C. Thermoelectric Performance Improvement of Polymer Nanocomposites by Selective Thermal Degradation. *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2019**, *2*, 5975.

(409) Stevens, D. L.; Gamage, G. A.; Ren, Z.; Grunlan, J. C. Salt doping to improve thermoelectric power factor of organic nanocomposite thin films. *RSC Adv.* **2020**, *10*, 11800.

(410) Park, C.; Yoo, D.; Im, S.; Kim, S.; Cho, W.; Ryu, J.; Kim, J. H. Large-scalable RTCVD Graphene/PEDOT:PSS hybrid conductive
film for application in transparent and flexible thermoelectric nanogenerators. RSC Adv. **2017**, *7*, 25237.

(411) Snyder, G. J.; Toberer, E. S. Complex thermoelectric materials. Nat. Mater. **2008**, *7*, 105.

(412) Yu, Y.; Cagnoni, M.; Cojocaru-Mirédin, O.; Wuttig, M. Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism. Adv. Funct. Mater. **2020**, *30*, 1904862.

(413) Thiagarajan, S. J.; Wang, W.; Yang, R. In Annual Review of Nano Research; World Scientific, 2009; Vol. 3.

(414) Park, D.-H.; Kim, M.-Y.; Oh, T.-S. Thermoelectric energy-conversion characteristics of n-type Bi2(Te,Se)3 nanocomposites processed with carbon nanotube dispersion. Curr. Appl. Phys. **2011**, *11*, S41.

(415) Bark, H.; Kim, J.-S.; Kim, H.; Yim, J.-H.; Lee, H. Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the thermoelectric properties of a bismuth telluride matrix. Curr. Appl. Phys. **2013**, *13*, S111.

(416) Lognoné, Q.; Gascoin, F. On the effect of carbon nanotubes on the thermoelectric properties of n-Bi2Te2.4Se0.6 made by mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. **2015**, *635*, 107.

(417) Trawiński, B.; Bochentyn, B.; Gostkowska, N.; Łapiński, M.; Miruszewski, T.; Kusz, B. Structure and thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride—Carbon composites. Mater. Res. Bull. **2018**, *99*, 10.

(418) Zhao, W.; Tan, H. T.; Tan, L. P.; Fan, S.; Hng, H. H.; Boey, Y. C. F.; Beloborodov, I.; Yan, Q. n-Type Carbon Nanotubes/Silver Telluride Nanohybrid Buckypaper with a High-Thermoelectric Figure of Merit. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2014**, *6*, 4940.

(419) Yeo, Y. H.; Oh, T. S. Thermoelectric properties of p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 nanocomposites dispersed with multiwall carbon nanotubes. Mater. Res. Bull. **2014**, *58*, 54.

(420) Nandihalli, N.; Gorse, S.; Kleinke, H. Effects of additions of carbon nanotubes on the thermoelectric properties of Ni0.05-Mo3Sb5.4Te1.6. J. Solid State Chem. **2015**, *226*, 164.

(421) Zhang, Y.; Jia, X.; Sun, H.; Sun, B.; Liu, B.; Liu, H.; Kong, L.; Ma, H. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of nanostructured CNTs/BiSbTe bulk composite from rapid pressure-quenching induced multi-scale microstructure. J. Materiomics **2016**, *2*, 316.

(422) Hu, W.; Zhou, H.; Mu, X.; He, D.; Ji, P.; Hou, W.; Wei, P.; Zhu, W.; Nie, X.; Zhao, W. Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Graphite/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Composites. J. Electron. Mater. **2018**, *47*, 3344.

(423) Wu, B.; Guo, Y.; Hou, C.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Y.; Wang, H. High-Performance Flexible Thermoelectric Devices Based on All-Inorganic Hybrid Films for Harvesting Low-Grade Heat. Adv. Funct. Mater. **2019**, *29*, 1900304.

(424) Khasimsaheb, B.; Singh, N. K.; Bathula, S.; Gahtori, B.; Haranath, D.; Neeleshwar, S. The effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on thermoelectric properties of lead telluride (PbTe) nanocubes. Curr. Appl. Phys. **2017**, *17*, 306.

(425) Chu, F.; Zhang, Q.; Zhou, Z.; Hou, D.; Wang, L.; Jiang, W. Enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Na-doped polycrystalline SnSe thermoelectric materials via CNTs dispersion. J. Alloys Compd. **2018**, *741*, 756.

(426) Ju, H.; Park, D.; Kim, J. Solution-processable flexible thermoelectric composite films based on conductive polymer/SnSe0.8S0.2 nanosheets/carbon nanotubes for wearable electronic applications. J. Mater. Chem. A **2018**, *6*, 5627.

(427) Liu, X.; Du, Y.; Meng, Q.; Dou, Y.; Jin, M.; Xu, J.; Shen, S. Z. Free-Standing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/SnSe Nanosheet/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(4-Styrenesulfonate) Nano-composite Films for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators. Adv. Eng. Mater. **2020**, *22*, 2000605.

(428) Kim, K. T.; Choi, S. Y.; Shin, E. H.; Moon, K. S.; Koo, H. Y.; Lee, G.-G.; Ha, G. H. The influence of CNTs on the thermoelectric properties of a CNT/Bi2Te3 composite. Carbon **2013**, *52*, S41.

(429) An, H.; Karas, D.; Kim, B.-W.; Trabia, S.; Moon, J. Flexible n-type thermoelectric composite films with enhanced performance through interface engineering and post-treatment. Nanotechnology **2018**, *29*, 275403.

(430) Zhang, Y.; Wang, X. L.; Yeoh, W. K.; Zheng, R. K.; Zhang, C. Electrical and thermoelectric properties of single-wall carbon nanotube doped Bi2Te3. Appl. Phys. Lett. **2012**, *101*, 031909.

(431) Jin, Q.; Jiang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, D.; Qiu, J.; Tang, D.-M.; Tan, J.; Sun, D.-M.; Hou, P.-X.; Chen, X.-Q.; et al. Flexible layer-structured Bi2Te3 thermoelectric on a carbon nanotube scaffold. Nat. Mater. **2019**, *18*, 62.

(432) Li, Y.; Qiao, J.; Zhao, Y.; Lan, Q.; Mao, P.; Qiu, J.; Tai, K.; Liu, C.; Cheng, H. A flexible thermoelectric device based on a Bi2Te3-carbon nanotube hybrid. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. **2020**, *58*, 80.

(433) Park, D.; Ju, H.; Oh, T.; Kim, J. A p-type multi-wall carbon nanotube/Te nanorod composite with enhanced thermoelectric performance. RSC Adv. **2018**, *8*, 8739.

(434) Park, D.; Ju, H.; Kim, J. Preparation and thermoelectric properties of two types of nanostructured tellurium with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J. Alloys Compd. **2018**, *748*, 305.

(435) Ju, H.; Kim, J. Preparation and structure dependent thermoelectric properties of nanostructured bulk bismuth telluride with graphene. J. Alloys Compd. **2016**, *664*, 639.

(436) Suh, D.; Lee, S.; Mun, H.; Park, S.-H.; Lee, K. H.; Wng Kim, S.; Choi, J.-Y.; Baik, S. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3-expanded graphene composites by simultaneous modulation of electronic and thermal carrier transport. Nano Energy **2015**, *13*, 67.

(437) Ding, D.; Sun, F.; Xia, F.; Tang, Z. A high-performance and flexible thermoelectric generator based on the solution-processed composites of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and bismuth telluride nanoplates. Nanoscale Adv. **2020**, *2*, 3244.

(438) Zong, P.-A.; Hanus, R.; Dylla, M.; Tang, Y.; Liao, J.; Zhang, Q.; Snyder, G. J.; Chen, L. Skutterudite with graphene-modified grain-boundary complexion enhances zT enabling high-efficiency thermoelectric device. Energy Environ. Sci. **2017**, *10*, 183.

(439) Bhardwaj, A.; Shukla, A. K.; Dhakate, S. R.; Misra, D. K. Graphene boosts thermoelectric performance of a Zintl phase compound. RSC Adv. **2015**, *5*, 11058.

(440) Lin, Y.; Jin, J.; Kusmartsevab, O.; Song, M. Preparation of Pristine Graphene Sheets and Large-Area/Ultrathin Graphene Films for High Conducting and Transparent Applications. J. Phys. Chem. C **2013**, *117*, 17237.

(441) Li, X.; Liang, L.; Yang, M.; Chen, G.; Guo, C.-Y. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene/carbon nanotube ternary composites with improved thermoelectric performance. Org. Electron. **2016**, *38*, 200.

(442) Lu, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Jiang, Q.; Cai, K.; Du, Y.; Song, H.; Gao, M.; Huang, C.; He, J.; Hu, D. Preparation and Characterization of Te/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Cu7Te4 Ternary Composite Films for Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generator. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2018**, *10*, 42310.

(443) Meng, Q.; Qiu, Y.; Cai, K.; Ding, Y.; Wang, M.; Pu, H.; Yao, Q.; Chen, L.; He, J. High Performance and Flexible Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Ag/Ag2Te Ternary Composite Film for Thermoelectric Power Generator. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces **2019**, *11*, 33254.

(444) Lu, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Cai, K.; Li, X.; Gao, M.; Jiang, C.; He, J. Ultrahigh performance PEDOT/Ag2Se/CuAgSe composite film for wearable thermoelectric power generators. Mater. Today Phys. **2020**, *14*, 100223.

(445) Choi, J.; Lee, J. Y.; Lee, S.-S.; Park, C. R.; Kim, H. High-Performance Thermoelectric Paper Based on Double Carrier-Filtering Processes at Nanowire Heterojunctions. Adv. Energy Mater. **2016**, *6*, 1502181.

(446) Erden, F.; Li, H.; Wang, X.; Wang, F.; He, C. High-performance thermoelectric materials based on ternary TiO2/CNT/PANI composites. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. **2018**, *20*, 9411.

(447) Kishan, K. Y.; Bisht, N.; Hiragond, C.; Dey, A.; Khanna, P. K.; More, P. V. Room temperature thermoelectric performance of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite and their MWCNT-PANI composites. Mater. Today Chem. **2020**, *17*, 100275.
(448) Haque, M. A.; Kee, S.; Villalva, D. R.; Ong, W.-L.; Baran, D. Halide Perovskites: Thermal Transport and Prospects for Thermoelectricity. *Adv. Sci.* **2020**, *7*, 1903389.

(449) Sohn, A.; Yu, C. Ionic Transport Properties and Their Empirical Correlations for Thermal-to-Electrical Energy Conversion. *Mater. Today Phys.* **2021**, *19*, 100433.

(450) Wang, H.; Ail, U.; Gabrielsson, R.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. Ionic Seebeck Effect in Conducting Polymers. *Adv. Energy Mater.* **2015**, *5*, 1500044.

(451) Ail, U.; Jafari, M. J.; Wang, H.; Ederth, T.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors. *Adv. Funct. Mater.* **2016**, *26*, 6288.

(452) Han, S.; Jiao, F.; Khan, Z. U.; Edberg, J.; Fabiano, S.; Crispin, X. Thermoelectric Polymer Aerogels for Pressure-Temperature Sensing Applications. *Adv. Funct. Mater.* **2017**, *27*, 1703549.

(453) Zhang, F.; Zang, Y.; Huang, D.; Di, C.-A.; Zhu, D. Flexible and self-powered temperature-pressure dual-parameter sensors using microstructure-frame-supported organic thermoelectric materials. *Nat. Commun.* **2015**, *6*, 8356.

(454) Liu, K.; Zhou, Y.; Yuan, F.; Mo, X.; Yang, P.; Chen, Q.; Li, J.; Ding, T.; Zhou, J. Self-Powered Multimodal Temperature and Force Sensor Based-On a Liquid Droplet. *Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.* **2016**, *55*, 15864.

(455) Zhao, D.; Fabiano, S.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. Ionic thermoelectric gating organic transistors. *Nat. Commun.* **2017**, *8*, 14214.

(456) Kim, B.; Na, J.; Lim, H.; Kim, Y.; Kim, J.; Kim, E. Robust High Thermoelectric Harvesting Under a Self-Humidifying Bilayer of Metal Organic Framework and Hydrogel Layer. *Adv. Funct. Mater.* **2019**, *29*, 1807549.

(457) Kim, B.; Hwang, J. U.; Kim, E. Chloride transport in conductive polymer films for an n-type thermoelectric platform †. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2020**, *13*, 859.

(458) Chang, W. B.; Evans, C. M.; Popere, B. C.; Russ, B. M.; Liu, J.; Newman, J.; Segalman, R. A. Harvesting Waste Heat in Unipolar Ion Conducting Polymers. *ACS Macro Lett.* **2016**, *5*, 94.

(459) Jiao, F.; Naderi, A.; Zhao, D.; Schlueter, J.; Shahi, M.; Sundstrom, J.; Granberg, H.; Edberg, J.; Ail, U.; Brill, J.; et al. Ionic thermoelectric paper. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2017**, *5*, 16883.

(460) Li, T.; Zhang, X.; Lacey, S. D.; Mi, R.; Zhao, X.; Jiang, F.; Song, J.; Liu, Z.; Chen, G.; Dai, J.; et al. Cellulose ionic conductors with high differential thermal voltage for low-grade heat harvesting. *Nat. Mater.* **2019**, *18*, 608.

(461) Zhao, D.; Martinelli, A.; Willfahrt, A.; Fischer, T.; Bernin, D.; Khan, Z. U.; Shahi, M.; Brill, J.; Jonsson, M. P.; Fabiano, S.; Crispin, X. Polymer gels with tunable ionic Seebeck coefficient for ultra-sensitive printed thermopiles. *Nat. Commun.* **2019**, *10*, 1093.

(462) Jiang, Q.; Sun, H.; Zhao, D.; Zhang, F.; Hu, D.; Jiao, F.; Qin, L.; Linseis, V.; Fabiano, S.; Crispin, X.; et al. High Thermoelectric Performance in n-Type Perylene Bisimide Induced by the Soret Effect. *Adv. Mater.* **2020**, *32*, 2002752.

(463) Yang, H. D.; Tufa, L. T.; Bae, K. M.; Kang, T. J. A tubing shaped, flexible thermal energy harvester based on a carbon nanotube sheet electrode. *Carbon* **2015**, *86*, 118.

(464) Ikeshoji, T. Thermoelectric Conversion by Thin-Layer Thermogalvanic Cells with Soluble Redox Couples. *Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.* **1987**, *60*, 1505.

(465) Ikeshoji, T.; Goncalves, R. S. Thermogalvanic cells with aqueous redox couples and temperature differences larger than 100 K. *J. Appl. Electrochem.* **1993**, *23*, 516.

(466) Abraham, T. J.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. Seebeck coefficients in ionic liquids - prospects for thermo-electrochemical cells. *Chem. Commun.* **2011**, *47*, 6260.

(467) Kang, T. J.; Fang, S.; Kozlov, M. E.; Haines, C. S.; Li, N.; Kim, Y. H.; Chen, Y.; Baughman, R. H. Electrical Power From Nanotube and Graphene Electrochemical Thermal Energy Harvesters. *Adv. Funct. Mater.* **2012**, *22*, 477.

(468) Zhang, L.; Kim, T.; Li, N.; Kang, T. J.; Chen, J.; Pringle, J. M.; Zhang, M.; Kazim, A. H.; Fang, S.; Haines, C.; et al. High Power Density

Electrochemical Thermocells for Inexpensively Harvesting Low-Grade Thermal Energy. *Adv. Mater.* **2017**, *29*, 1605652.

(469) Duan, J. J.; Feng, G.; Yu, B. Y.; Li, J.; Chen, M.; Yang, P. H.; Feng, J. M.; Liu, K.; Zhou, J. Aqueous thermogalvanic cells with a high Seebeck coefficient for low-grade heat harvest. *Nat. Commun.* **2018**, *9*, 5146.

(470) Marcus, Y. Effect of Ions on the Structure of Water: Structure Making and Breaking. *Chem. Rev.* **2009**, *109*, 1346.

(471) Kim, T.; Lee, J. S.; Lee, G.; Yoon, H.; Yoon, J.; Kang, T. J.; Kim, Y. H. High thermopower of ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple in organic-water solutions. *Nano Energy* **2017**, *31*, 160.

(472) Burrows, B. Discharge Behavior of Redox Thermogalvanic Cells. *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **1976**, *123*, 154.

(473) Al Maimani, M.; Black, J. J.; Aldous, L. Achieving pseudo-‘n-type p-type’ in-series and parallel liquid thermoelectrics using all-iron thermoelectrochemical cells with opposite Seebeck coefficients. *Electrochem. Commun.* **2016**, *72*, 181.

(474) Buckingham, M. A.; Marken, F.; Aldous, L. The thermoelectrochemistry of the aqueous iron(ii)/iron(iii) redox couple: significance of the anion and pH in thermogalvanic thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. *Sustainable Energy Fuels* **2018**, *2*, 2717.

(475) Wu, J.; Black, J. J.; Aldous, L. Thermoelectrochemistry using conventional and novel gelled electrolytes in heat-to-current thermocells. *Electrochim. Acta* **2017**, *225*, 482.

(476) Jin, L.; Greene, G. W.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. Redox-Active Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Thermal Energy Harvesting. *ACS Energy Lett.* **2016**, *1*, 654.

(477) Zhou, H.; Yamada, T.; Kimizuka, N. Supramolecular Thermoelectrochemical Cells: Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance by Host-Guest Complexation and Salt-Induced Crystallization. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2016**, *138*, 10502.

(478) Abraham, T. J.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. High Seebeck coefficient redox ionic liquid electrolytes for thermal energy harvesting. *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2013**, *6*, 2639.

(479) Uhl, S.; Laux, E.; Journot, T.; Jeandupeux, L.; Charmet, J.; Keppner, H. Development of Flexible Micro-Thermo-electrochemical Generators Based on Ionic Liquids. *J. Electron. Mater.* **2014**, *43*, 3758.

(480) Abraham, T. J.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Baughman, R. H.; Jin, L.; Li, N.; Pringle, J. M. Towards ionic liquid-based thermoelectrochemical cells for the harvesting of thermal energy. *Electrochim. Acta* **2013**, *113*, 87.

(481) He, J.; Al-Masri, D.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. Temperature dependence of the electrode potential of a cobalt-based redox couple in ionic liquid electrolytes for thermal energy harvesting. *Faraday Discuss.* **2016**, *190*, 205.

(482) Jiao, N.; Abraham, T. J.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Thermal Energy Harvesting Using a Cobalt Redox Couple. *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **2014**, *161*, D3061.

(483) Yee, E. L.; Cave, R. J.; Guyer, K. L.; Tyma, P. D.; Weaver, M. J. A survey of ligand effects upon the reaction entropies of some transition metal redox couples. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **1979**, *101*, 1131.

(484) Taheri, A.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pozo-Gonzalo, C.; Pringle, J. M. Quasi-solid-State Electrolytes for Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting using a Cobalt Redox Couple. *ChemSusChem* **2018**, *11*, 2788.

(485) Sahami, S.; Weaver, M. J. Entropic and enthalpic contributions to the solvent dependence of the thermodynamics of transition-metal redox couples: Part I. Couples containing aromatic ligands. *J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem.* **1981**, *122*, 155.

(486) Sahami, S.; Weaver, M. J. Solvent effects on the kinetics of simple electrochemical reactions: Part I. Comparison of the behavior of Co(III)/(II) trisethylenediamine and amine couples with the predictions of dielectric conitnumt theory. *J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem.* **1981**, *124*, 35.

(487) Taheri, A.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pozo-Gonzalo, C.; Pringle, J. M. Application of a water-soluble cobalt redox couple in free-standing cellulose films for thermal energy harvesting. *Electrochim. Acta* **2019**, *297*, 669.

(488) Al-Masri, D.; Dupont, M.; Yunis, R.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Pringle, J. M. The electrochemistry and performance of cobalt-based redox
couples for thermoelectrochemical cells. *Electrochim. Acta* **2018**, *269*, 714.

(489) Zhou, H.; Liu, P. High Seebeck Coefficient Electrochemical Thermocells for Efficient Waste Heat Recovery. *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2018**, *1*, 1424.

(490) Cataldo, F. Synthesis of ketonic resins from self-polymerization of acetone, 1. Action of protic and lewis acids on acetone. *Angew. Makromol. Chem.* **1996**, *236*, 1.

(491) Han, C.-G.; Qian, X.; Li, Q.; Deng, B.; Zhu, Y.; Han, Z.; Zhang, W.; Wang, W.; Feng, S.-P.; Chen, G.; et al. Giant thermopower of ionic gelatin near room temperature. *Science* **2020**, *368*, 1091.

(492) Burrows, B. Discharge Behavior of Redox Thermogalvanic Cells. *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **1976**, *123*, 154.

(493) Quickenden, T. I.; Mua, Y. The Power Conversion Efficiencies of a Thermogalvanic Cell Operated in Three Different Orientations. *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **1995**, *142*, 3652.

(494) Mua, Y.; Quickenden, T. I. Power Conversion Efficiency, Electrode Separation, and Overpotential in the Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide Thermogalvanic Cell. *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **1996**, *143*, 2558.

(495) Holubowitch, N. E.; Landon, J.; Lippert, C. A.; Craddock, J. D.; Weisenberger, M. C.; Liu, K. Spray-Coated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Thermal Energy Scavenging Electrochemical Cells. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2016**, *8*, 22159.

(496) Wijeratne, K.; Vagin, M.; Brooke, R.; Crispin, X. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-tosylate (PEDOT-Tos) electrodes in thermogalvanic cells. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2017**, *5*, 19619.

(497) Maeda, Y.; Kitamura, H.; Itoh, E.; Inagaki, M. A new carbon fiber and nitric acid cell with a temperature difference between electrodes. *Synth. Met.* **1983**, *7*, 211.

(498) Endo, M.; Yamagishi, Y.; Inagaki, M. Thermocell with graphite fiber-bromine intercalation compounds. *Synth. Met.* **1983**, *7*, 203.

(499) Qian, W.; Li, M.; Chen, L.; Zhang, J.; Dong, C. Improving thermo-electrochemical cell performance by constructing Ag-MgO-CNTs nanocomposite electrodes. *RSC Adv.* **2015**, *5*, 97982.

(500) Cottis, P. P.; Evans, D.; Fabretto, M.; Pering, S.; Murphy, P.; Hojati-Talemi, P. Metal-free oxygen reduction electrodes based on thin PEDOT films with high electrocatalytic activity. *RSC Adv.* **2014**, *4*, 9819.

(501) Levermore, P. A.; Chen, L.; Wang, X.; Das, R.; Bradley, D. D. C. Fabrication of Highly Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Films by Vapor Phase Polymerization and Their Application in Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. *Adv. Mater.* **2007**, *19*, 2379.

(502) Khan, Z. U.; Bubnova, O.; Jafari, M. J.; Brooke, R.; Liu, X.; Gabrielsson, R.; Ederth, T.; Evans, D. R.; Andreasen, J. W.; Fahlman, M.; et al. Acido-basic control of the thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)tosylate (PEDOT-Tos) thin films. *J. Mater. Chem. C* **2015**, *3*, 10616.

(503) Mitraka, E.; Jafari, M. J.; Vagin, M.; Liu, X.; Fahlman, M.; Ederth, T.; Berggren, M.; Jonsson, M. P.; Crispin, X. Oxygen-induced doping on reduced PEDOT. *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2017**, *5*, 4404.

(504) Wijeratne, K.; Ail, U.; Brooke, R.; Vagin, M.; Liu, X.; Fahlman, M.; Crispin, X. Bulk electronic transport impacts on electron transfer at conducting polymer electrode-electrolyte interfaces. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.* **2018**, *115*, 11899.

(505) Wang, Y.; Mukaida, M.; Kirihara, K.; Lyu, L.; Wei, Q. Poly(3,4-Ethylene Dioxythiophene)/Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) Electrodes in Electrochemical Cells for Harvesting Waste Heat. *Energy Technol.* **2020**, *8*, 1900998.

(506) Li, G.; Dong, D.; Hong, G.; Yan, L.; Zhang, X.; Song, W. High-Efficiency Cryo-Thermocells Assembled with Anisotropic Holey Graphene Aerogel Electrodes and a Eutectic Redox Electrolyte. *Adv. Mater.* **2019**, *31*, 1901403.

(507) Ding, T.; Zhu, L.; Wang, X.-Q.; Chan, K. H.; Lu, X.; Cheng, Y.; Ho, G. W. Hybrid Photothermal Pyroelectric and Thermogalvanic Generator for Multisituation Low Grade Heat Harvesting. *Adv. Energy Mater.* **2018**, *8*, 1802397.

(508) Shin, G.; Jeon, J. G.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, J. H.; Kim, H. J.; Lee, J.; Kang, K. M.; Kang, T. J. Thermocells for hybrid photovoltaic/thermal systems. *Molecules* **2020**, *25*, 1928.

(509) Kim, K.; Hwang, S.; Lee, H. Unravelling ionic speciation and hydration structure of Fe(III/II) redox couples for thermoelectrochemical cells. *Electrochim. Acta* **2020**, *335*, 135651.

(510) Schönig, M.; Schuster, R. Sensitive and fast measurement of surface temperature with a thermogalvanic cell. *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **2020**, *116*, 091601.

(511) He, H.; Zhang, L.; Guan, X.; Cheng, H.; Liu, X.; Yu, S.; Wei, J.; Ouyang, J. A.-O. Biocompatible Conductive Polymers with High Conductivity and High Stretchability. *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2019**, *11*, 26185.