# Combining Multi-Agent System and Knowledge Graph to Address the Resolution of Decentralized Problems following Digital Twins approach in Open Cyber-Physical System

Miriam Zawadi Muchika, Pauline Folz, Fano Ramparany, Flavien Balbo, Shenle Pan

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Miriam Zawadi Muchika, Pauline Folz, Fano Ramparany, Flavien Balbo, Shenle Pan. Combining Multi-Agent System and Knowledge Graph to Address the Resolution of Decentralized Problems following Digital Twins approach in Open Cyber-Physical System. IMT Seminar "Data Analytics & Artificial Intelligence", Nov 2023, Nantes, France. emse-04291927

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https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/emse-04291927

Submitted on 17 Nov 2023

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# Combining Multi-Agent System and Knowledge Graph to Address the Resolution of Decentralized Problems following Digital Twins approach in Open Cyber-Physical System

Miriam Zawadi Muchika<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="3" />, Pauline Folz<fnref n="1" />, Fano Ramparany<fnref n="1" />, Flavien Balbo<fnref n="2" />, Shenle Pan<fnref n="3" />

## I. Context

**Cyber-Physical System (CPS)**: system in which computing devices work together to control and command physical entities in a feedback loop.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Cyber-Physical System [1]</figcaption></figure>

Use case – **Urban logistics** (Last miles deliveries)

Open CPS allows:

* Optimizing delivery route

* Ensuring ponctual delivery schedule

* Handling unexpected events on-the-fly

* Decentralising decision-making

* Involving multiple stakeholders

## II. Research Problem

**How to address resolution of decentralized problems in open Cyber-Physical System?**

Resolving decentralized problems involves multiple independent entities that collaborate to achieve a common goal or address a common issue without central control.

## IV. Proposed Solution

### Hypothesis

DT is:

* atomic ;

* autonomous ;

* collaborating with other DTs in the system.

### Requirements:

* Distributed autonomous decision-making in the Logical Object layer by DTs and agents

* DT takes actions to change physical assets

* Effective communication and coordination among DTs and agents in the Logical Object layer

* Semantic modelling of the physical world

## Proposed Architecture

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Agent

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

Autonomous entity: communication (coordination, negotiation, argumentation), autonomous decision (operational- tactical-strategic planification, simulation, analytics, prediction, control)

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

Data

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

System knowledge with real-time updates: knowledge graph (current state of the PA - representations, PA model, historization), behavior model

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

Interface

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

Interface between the digital twin and its physical counterpart (used to change the state of the physical asset): synchronization, monitoring, operations

## References

[1] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-cyber-physical-systems_fig1_346986587

[2] About Digital Twins, agents, and multiagent systems: a cross-fertilisation journey by Stefano Mariani, Marco Picone, Alessandro Ricci (2022)

[3] Web of digital twins. *ACM Transactions on Internet Technology*, Ricci, A., Croatti, A., Mariani, S., Montagna, S., & Picone, M. (2022). 22(4), 1-30.

## V. Conclusion & Perspectives

The proposed architecture enables the digital twins to operate autonomously within the Logical Object layer and modify the state of the corresponding physical assets, thus promoting real-time adaptation and optimization.

### Perspectives

* Integration of behavior models in the architecture

* Manage decision conflicts between the digital and physical world

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Orange Labs, 22 Chemin du Vieux chêne, 38240 Meylan, France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ. Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6158 LIMOS, Institut Henri Fayol, Saint-Etienne, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Management Science (CGS), i3 UMR CNRS, 75006 Paris, France</footnote>