# Bacterial-based additives for the production of artificial snow: What are the risks to human health?

Arnaud Lagriffoul, Jean-Luc Boudenne, Rafik Absi, Jean-Jacques Ballet, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, Sylvie Chevalier, Edmond E; Creppy, Eric Gilli, Jean-Pierre Gadonna, Pascale Gadonna-Widehem, et al.

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## To cite this version:

Arnaud Lagriffoul, Jean-Luc Boudenne, Rafik Absi, Jean-Jacques Ballet, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, et al. "Bacterial-based additives for the production of artificial snow: What are the risks to human health?" Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408 (7), pp.1659-1666. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.009. hal-00558461

HAL Id: hal-00558461

https://hal.science/hal-00558461v1

Submitted on 21 Jan 2011

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Tables

<table><caption>Table I</caption><thead><tr><td>Exposure scenario</td><td>Type of person exposed</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>During mixture preparation in the tank</td><td>Snowmaker</td></tr><tr><td>During cleaning of the mixing equipment</td><td>Snowmaker</td></tr><tr><td>To the artificial snow plume</td><td>Adult and child skiers<br>All staff</td></tr><tr><td>To artificial snow on the ground</td><td>Adult and child skiers<br>All staff</td></tr></tbody></table>

Exposure scenarios and types of persons concerned
<caption>Table II</caption>

Human health risks relating to exposure to artificial snow

<table><thead><tr><th colspan="6">Exposure</th></tr><tr><th>Type of person</th><th>Mixture preparation</th><th>Diluted product</th><th>Cleaning mixing equipment</th><th>Snow plume</th><th>Snow on ground</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Snowmakers with PPE</td><td>Negligible to low</td><td>Negligible</td><td>Negligible</td><td>Negligible to low</td><td>Nil</td></tr><tr><td>Snowmakers without PPE</td><td>Low to moderate</td><td>Low</td><td>Low to moderate</td><td></td><td>Nil</td></tr><tr><td>Slope managers, slope safety officers, ski instructors, rescue workers</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>Nil to negligible</td><td>Nil</td></tr><tr><td>Snow grooming machine drivers, ski lift operators</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>Nil</td><td>Nil</td></tr><tr><td>Child skiers</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>Nil to negligible</td><td>Negligible</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Nil</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>Adult skiers</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>to</td><td>Nil</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>negligible</td><td></td></tr></table>

na: not affected