described systemic referential and generate changes in practices regarding the use of phytosanitary products. This
desire for perspective can be explained by a number of factors, the most evident are as follows: the weight of the
bureaucratic norms and standards from private or government bodies/social pressure/solidarity and loyalty to
families/attachment to the region.

The inter-disciplinary exchanges held within the Trajectoires project underline the limits in place regarding the knowledge trajectories that can be distributed within the framework of reducing phytosanitary product use. This has become too normalised within the framework of the Certiphyto system and unsuited to the public concerned; they remain too far from the technical preoccupations of farmers. Our reflections led to a questioning of this cognitive sectioning and call for the imagining of co-construction spaces which could be the subject of a public action.

Prospects for transfer or research

Transfer:

The mains issue of the Trajectories project was to continue existing comprehensive sociology work to provide
elements to contribute to better efficiency in public actions and to share this approach with environmental science
researchers. Four prospects were raised by our approach:

- Find a place within the register of ideas and culture.

- Support "transition" rather than categorise "change".

- Encourage new knowledge and know-how.

- Co-construct research protocols that have a public action objective

Our results converged towards a certain number of already known elements as well as some that have been less commented in the literature, but which insist on the necessity of reconsidering how to support and evaluate public action in terms of reducing the use of phytosanitary products. In other words, it will also be up to public action to question its own function and representative system.

Research:

The Trajectoires project has contributed to feeding qualitative social sciences research that proposes another way to monitor, evaluate and support phytosanitary product use reduction policies. It also calls out for a dialogue between environmental sciences and social sciences in order to contextualise pesticide monitoring measures within a region.

Publications and scientific symposia:

Scientific publications:

► Carole Barthélémy, Aurélien Allouche, Gilles Armani, Gaïa Bonnet, Christelle Gramaglia, Laurence Nicolas, Écologisation des pratiques agricoles et ancrages familiaux au territoire. Une comparaison de l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires entre Camargue et Beaujolais, Développement Durable et Territoires, Vol. 11, n°1, April 2020, Écologisation des pratiques et territorialisation des activités.

https://journals.openedition.org/developpementdurable/16822

► Gaïa Bonnet, Christelle Gramaglia, Les agriculteurs face aux risques induits par les pesticides : pratiques culturales, attachements familiaux et territoriaux chez les viticulteurs de l'Hérault, in Lupton S., Chauveau-Aussourd V., Randrianasolo-Rakatobe H., Faire face aux risques en agriculture, Perspectives croisées de chercheurs et professionnels, L'Harmattan, 2019, pp.77-97.

► Armani G. Analyse des stratégies d'utilisation des pesticides, des freins et leviers socio-culturels aux changements de pratiques viticoles dans le Beaujolais, in Budzinski H. et al., (éditeurs), Enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires associés aux pesticides, de leur usage à leur dispersion dans l'environnement en lien avec leur impact, Editions du GPF, 2017, pp. 188-191.

► Gilles Armani G., Étude sociologique des pratiques viticoles dans le Beaujolais face aux enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires, in La Tassée N° 191, Mai 2018, pp. 22-24.

Other practical works:

► Exchange seminars: organised in the Coeur d'Hérault and Beaujolais regions.

► Participation in Science events.

► Production of educational films: Videos produced for the Echo's Phyto PACA social media network:

• Allouche A, Nicolas, L : « Cultiver le riz autrement »

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8SqJBOagmg&t=1s

• « Riz hybride et culture bio »

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8TH5GoRhqU&t=3s

► Production of 6 films by Gilles Armani:

- Short film on the PolDiff laboratory, IRSTEA Lyon Villeurbanne, October 2017.

- Short film on the LAMA and EMHA, IRSTEA Lyon Villeurbanne, October 2017.

- Short film of an interview with two wine growers from the Beaujolais, October 2017.

- Short film of an interview with an organic wine grower from the Beaujolais, October 2017.

- Short film of comments by participants in the SAAM Seminar, 19 October 2017 in Lancié, October 2017.
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Photos. INRAE

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