# Marine Amphipods of the Macaronesian archipelagos and north-west African margin: checklist and geographical distribution

Jean-Claude Claude Dauvin, Ali Bakalem, Mohamed Menioui

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Jean-Claude Claude Dauvin, Ali Bakalem, Mohamed Menioui. Marine Amphipods of the Macaronesian archipelagos and north-west African margin: checklist and geographical distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science, 2025, 10.12681/mms.39476. hal-05261499

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https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-05261499v1

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# Marine Amphipods of the Macaronesian archipelagos and north-west African margin: checklist and geographical distribution

Jean-Claude DAUVIN<fnref n="1" />, Ali BAKALEM<fnref n="2" /> and Mohamed MENIOUI<fnref n="3" />

Corresponding author: Jean Claude DAUVIN; jean-claude.dauvin@unicaen.fr

Contributing Editor: Panayota KOULOURI

Received: 2 November 2024; Accepted: 28 April 2025; Published online: 27 June 2025

## Abstract

An updated amphipod checklist for 2024 is given for the amphipods recorded from the adlittoralto abyssal zones of the Macaronesian archipelagos and the north-west African margin. Four marine regions are taken into account: 1) North West Africa (NWA), 2) Mauritania and Senegal (SEN), 3) Canary, Selvagens and Madeira Archipelagos (CAN-MAD) and 4) the Cabo Verde Archipelago (CV). The total number of species recorded in these four regions is 509. CAN-MAD is the region with the greatest species richness (302 species), followed by NWA (297 species), SEN (152 species) and finally CV (122 species). Among the 509 species recorded, 66 have been described from this region while 59 are endemic. The most diverse family is the Ampeliscidae Krøyer, 1842 (32 species), the Scinidae Stebbing, 1888 (29 species), the Caprellidae Leach, 1814 (22 species). Then, five other families are each represented by 16 species or more, the Photidae Boeck, 1871, Maeridae Krapp-Schickel, 2008 and Ischryroceridae Stebbing, 1899 (17 species), Aoridae Stebbing, 1899 and Hyalidae Bulyčeva, 1957 (16 species). Only five species are non-indigenous or possibly non-indigenous. The biogeographical affinities of the benthic amphipods are highlighted by comparing them with communities from the continental/insular shelf of the four regions studied here as well as with three neighbouring areas, i.e.: part of the Lusitanian maritime province (BIS-IBE), the Mediterranean shores of Morocco and Algeria (MOR-ALG) and the Azores Archipelago (AZO). The CV and SEN fauna are distinguishable from the others, which form two main groups: the NWA, MOR-ALG and BIS-IBE on the one hand, and the CAN-MAD and AZO archipelagos on the other. Future research should be focused along the coasts of Mauritania and Senegal and around the Cabo Verde Archipelago where there is a lack of knowledge not only on amphipods but also regarding marine invertebrate biodiversity in general. Special attention should be paid to biofouling in harbours since this is liable to increase the number of non-indigenous species which appears to be very low in the Macaronesian archipelagos in spite of the intense maritime traffic.

**Keywords:** Amphipods; biogeography; Macaronesia; Morocco; Madeira Archipelago; Canary Archipelago; Cabo Verde Archipelago; Mauritania; Senegal.

## Introduction

Faced with the increase in marine human activities and the pressures on ecosystems, particularly in coastal environments, it is essential to measure the impacts generated by these anthropogenic stressors (Halpern et al., 2015). The macrobenthos is among the biological compartments most affected by the degradation of the marine environment due to trawler fishing, the extraction of aggregates, port dredging and spoil deposition as well as the installation of offshore wind turbines in Europe, the United States and China (Jiao et al., 2015). To measure the impacts, it is mandatory in most cases to monitor the

benthos affected by these activities. The BACI (Before After Control Impact) approach is most often proposed to assess these impacts. Such studies generate a lot of environmental data, including lists of benthic species sampled during these surveys. However, some of the species recorded during these surveys - often carried out by consultancy firms - are subject to caution and deserve to be verified by an expert (Dauvin, 2005). Nevertheless, these studies generate interesting data, including sightings of new species for a given site or region.

Many global inventories of marine fauna were carried out at the end of the 1990s. However, to obtain a better knowledge of the degradation of biodiversity in marine

<footnote n="1">¹Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6143 M2C, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, 24 Rue des Tilleuls, 14000 Caen, France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), Avenue Hassan Badi, 16200 El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V, BP 703, Rabat-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco</footnote>
areas, we need to integrate the data from consultancy en-
gineers and ecologists and not merely from taxonomists.
Moreover, these studies are habitually to be found in re-
ports and other documents of the grey literature which
need to be checked in detail to extract useful data.

Indeed, comprehensive checklists of the marine faun-
na have been published over the last few decades, thus
increasing our knowledge of biodiversity, such as on
the scale of the Mediterranean (Coll et al., 2010) or on
a regional scale as in the case of Italian marine molluscs
(Renda et al., 2022) or the marine molluscs of Spanish
waters (Gofas et al., 2017).

Similarly, a number of checklists of marine amphipods have been recently published for several regions of the world-wide Ocean, including Indian waters (Bhoi *et al.*, 2023), the tropical eastern Pacific (Garcia Madrigal, 2007), southeast Asia and neighbouring regions (Azman *et al.*, 2022), Pacific Mexican waters (Winfield *et al.*, 2020), the Gulf of Mexico (Escobar-Briones & Winfield, 2003), the English Channel (Dauvin, 2022), the Mediterranean Spanish coast (De-La-Ossa-Carretero *et al.*, 2010) or for the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea (Bakalem *et al.*, 2024). These latter authors (Bakalem *et al.*, 2024) added 26 species which were not included in the 'Amphipoda of the Mediterranean Sea', but which had been reported as species identified up until 1997 at the scale of this semi-enclosed Sea (Ruffo, 1982; 1989; 1993; 1998). Among these new records, seven species were described from the Mediterranean Sea and 19 correspond to new localities mainly found in Moroccan and Algerian waters.

The importance of amphipods has been recently
pointed out, in view of the abundant pelagic and ben-
thic populations of this group in marine ecosystems. In
their review, Ritter & Bourne (2024) highlight the fact
that amphipods provide an essential biological link be-
tween benthic and pelagic processes as well as between
marine and atmospheric ecosystems. Amphipods fulfil
many functional roles as predators and prey, bioturbators,
mesograzers, secondary producers and facilitators of nu-
trient cycling, and also serve as indicators of marine and
sediment health. In another review on the predation of
birds, cephalopods, fish and marine mammals on marine
amphipods, Dauvin (2024) showed that amphipods are
important prey for fish and mammals. Along with ceph-
alopod juveniles, they are also included in the trophic
diet of shorebirds that consume amphipods mostly during
low tide on tidal flats. They display diel migration, which
reinforces the predation by demersal fish in the Benthic
Boundary Layer, as well as by pelagic fish in the water
column.

Other studies have also focused on this important
group; Arfianti & Costello (2020) have presented a global
biogeography of marine amphipods, Momtazi & Saeedi
(2024) have explored the latitudinal gradients and envi-
ronmental drivers of amphipod biodiversity patterns re-
garding depth and habitat variations, while Marchini &
Cardeccia (2017) have contributed to a global review of
the alien amphipods in a “sea of troubles”. Horton et al.
(2023) have provided an overview of the World Amphi-

poda Database (WAD), a global species database that is
part of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS).
Launched in 2013, the database contains entries for over
10,500 accepted species names. Further work remains to
complete the linking of unaccepted names, original de-
scriptions and environmental information. Once these
tasks are completed, the database will be considered
complete for 8 of the 13 priorities, and efforts will contin-
ue to input new taxa annually and focus on the remaining
priorities, particularly the input of type localities (Horton
et al., 2023).

Amphipods are distributed from the adlittoral to the
hadal zones, but mostly live on the continental shelf from
0 to 200 m depth (Barnard & Karaman, 1991). Among
these, about 8 000 are marine benthic species, while there
are only about 300 marine pelagic species (Horton et al.,
2023).

Given the geographical proximity and communica-
tion through the Strait of Gibraltar and the spreading of
data on amphipods from the Macaronesian archipelagos
and the north-west African coasts, it would appear inter-
esting to summarize our knowledge on the amphipods of
these regions. Our study follows on from a first inventory
of amphipods of the southern Mediterranean (Bakalem
et al., 2024). In this way, we aim to contribute to a bet-
ter knowledge of amphipods recorded in the North-East
Atlantic.

The main objective of this study is to provide an
updated checklist of benthic and pelagic amphipods in
coastal and continental shelf waters, as well as bathyal
and abyssal zones in four Macaronesian archipelagos and
the north-west African coasts.

With a view to discussing biogeographic relationships
of amphipods from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean,
we present a comparison which covers benthic species
from the continental shelf supplemented with a checklist
for three adjacent marine regions: the Azores, part of the
Lusitanian province (Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast)
and the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and Algeria.

Materials and Methods

Amphipod checklist method and data sources

In this paper, we report the marine amphipods record-
ed from the adlittoral to abyssal zones of the north-west
African margin and the Macaronesian archipelagos. All
available scientific papers (fauna, taxonomic and ecolog-
ical studies), as well as the grey literature including re-
ports and PhD theses available on the Internet, have been
checked to access the amphipod lists for each country or
region included in the present study (see Appendix listing
all the available papers in which amphipods have been
reported).

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Edi-
torial Board, 2025) was used to update the literature data.

As in a previous paper on amphipods from countries
bordering the southern Mediterranean Sea (Bakalem et
al., 2024), the present list is arranged in alphabetical or-
der of the family names, with a view to comparing the present checklist with the former checklist: a number of species are amalgamated under the previous classification: Caprellidea, Gammaridea, Ingolfiellidea and Hyperiidea. The checklist reports only taxa that are formally identified at the species level.

## Marine regions

Following Freitas *et al.* (2019), Figure 1 shows the limits of the checklists for four marine regions: 1) North West Africa (NWA: from Gibraltar Strait to Cape Blanc), 2) Mauritania and Senegal (from Cape Blanc to Cape Skirring) (SEN), 3) Canary, Selvagens and Madeira Archipelagos (CAN-MAD). These three archipelagos (MAD, SEL and CAN) are included in the Macaronesian biogeographic region, along with 4) CAB or CV in the present study for Cabo Verde Archipelago, [but this latter is not included in the marine biogeographic region defined by the European Environment Agency].

To study the geographical affinities of amphipods of the north-eastern Atlantic, three other marine regions were selected: 1) the Azores Archipelago (AZO), 2) the Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast, belonging to the Lusitanian province (BIS-IBE), which includes the Gulf of Cadiz (CAD); the Portuguese coast (POR), the Asturias

coast (AST) and the Bay of Biscay (BIS), and 3) the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and Algeria (MOR-ALG). Only the benthic amphipods of the continental shelf (0-200 m) of these three regions are listed here and compared with the benthic amphipods reported in four sectors of the Macaronesian archipelagos and north-west African coast, i.e., covering a total of seven biogeographic regions.

## Statistical analyses

The comparison of the checklists of amphipods (Presence/Absence of the species) is based here on Sørensen's coefficient which takes into account only the presence of the species and the construction of dendrograms using the group average algorithm generated from the PRIMER V6 software (Clarke & Gorley, 2006). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was carried out on all the amphipod species recorded from four Macaronesian archipelagos and the north-west African coasts, then a HCA including only continental shelf benthic amphipods (0-200 m); a final HCA was carried out only on benthic amphipods recorded from seven marine regions, i.e. the four regions of the present study plus three neighbouring regions (Azores, Atlantic Iberian Peninsula plus the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean coast of Morocco-Algeria).

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 1:** Biogeographic regions considered in this study: North West Africa (NWA: from Gibraltar Strait to Cape Blanc); Mauritania (Cape Blanc) and Senegal (to Cape Skirring) (SEN); Canaries, Selvagens and Madeira Archipelagos (CAN-MAD) and the Cabo Verde Archipelago (CAB or CV in the present study). Three archipelagos (MAD, SEL and CAN) are included in the Macaronesian biogeographic region. The Azores (AZO) also belong to the Macaronesian archipelagos. The Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast form part of the Lusitanian province (BIS-IBE: the Gulf of Cadiz, CAD: the Portuguese coast: POR, the Asturias coast: AST and the Bay of Biscay: BIS), and the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and Algeria (MOR-ALG) (Freitas *et al.*, 2019, modified).</figcaption></figure>
## Results

### Number of species and families

A total of 509 species have been reported for the four marine regions (or sectors) studied here (Table 1). The richest region is CAN-MAD (302 species), followed by

NWA showing a similar biodiversity with 297 species. The two other regions show lower numbers of species with 152 for SEN and 122 for CV. For the four regions taken together, the deep-sea amphipods account for 28 species, while the number of pelagic species are well represented with 147 species, making up 29% of the total number.

<table><caption>**Table 1.** Checklist of the 509 amphipods from the four regions of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and North-Western Atlantic Africa, classified per alphabetical names of the families (NWA: Northwest African coasts; CAN-MAD: Canary & Madeira Archipelagos; SEN: Senegalese & Mauritanian coasts; CV: Cabo Verde).</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Alicellidae Lowry & De Broyer, 2008</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alicella gigantea Chevreux, 1899</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux, 1908</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Amaryllididae Lowry & Stoddart, 2002</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyamaryllis haswelli (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyamaryllis pulchellus (Bonnier, 1896)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Ampeliscidae Krøyer, 1842</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca aequicornis Bruzelius, 1859</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca anophthalma Bellan-Santini & Kaim-Malka, 1977</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca armoricana Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 1981</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca bidentata Schellenberg, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca brevicornis (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca cavicoxa Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca ctenopus Schellenberg, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca diadema (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca gibba G.O. Sars, 1883</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca heterodactyla Schellenberg, 1925</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca hupferi Schellenberg, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca latifrons Schellenberg, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca lusitanica Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1987</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca monoculata Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca palmata K.H. Barnard, 1916</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca pectenata Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca rubella A. Costa, 1864</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca sarsi Chevreux, 1888</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca senegalensis Chevreux, 1925</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca serraticaudata Chevreux, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca spinifer Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca spinimana Chevreux, 1887</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca spinipes Boeck, 1861</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca tenuicornis Lilljeborg, 1855</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca typica (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca uncinata Chevreux, 1887</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca unidentata Schellenberg, 1936</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ampelisca verga Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Byblis guernei Chevreux, 1887</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Haploops lodo J.L. Bernard, 1961</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Haploops proxima Chevreux, 1919</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Haploops tubicola Liljeborg, 1856</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Amphilochidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Amphilochus manudens Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apolochus brunneus (Della Valle, 1893)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apolochus neapolitanus (Della Valle, 1893)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apolochus picadurus (J.L. Barnard, 1962)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apolochus spencebatei (Stebbing, 1876)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Amphithyridae Zeidler, 2016</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Amphithyrus bispinosus Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amphithyrus glaber Spandl, 1924</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amphithyrus muratus Volkov, 1982</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Amphithyrus sculpturatus Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amphithyrus similis Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paralycaea gracilis Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Ampithoidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Amphitholina cuniculus (Stebbing, 1874)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe ferox (Chevreux, 1902)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe grubiformis Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe kergueleni Stebbing, 1888</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe ramondi Audouin, 1826</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe riedli Krapp-Schickel, 1968</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu, 1808)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cymadusa crassicornis (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Pleonexes gammaroides Spence Bate, 1857</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pleonexes helleri (Karaman, 1975)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sunamphitoe pelagica (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Aoridae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Aora gracilis (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aora spinicornis Afonso, 1976</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aora typica Krøyer, 1845</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Autonoe hirsutipes (Stebbing, 1895)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autonoe longipes (Liljeborg, 1852)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Globosolembos francanni (D. M. Reid, 1951)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Grandidierella elongata Chevreux, 1926</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lembos websteri Spence Bate, 1857</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus algicola Della Valle, 1893</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus anomalus (Rathke, 1843)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Microdeutopus chelifer (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus damnoniensis (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus gryllotalpa A. Costa, 1853</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus obtusatus Myers, 1973</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus stationis Della Valle, 1893</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdeutopus versiculatus (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Archaeoscinidae K. H. Barnard, 1930</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Archaeoscina steenstrupi (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Argissidae Walker, 1904</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Argissa hamatipes (Norman, 1869)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Aristiidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perrierella audouiniana (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Atylidae Lilljeborg, 1865</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nototropis falcatus (Metzger, 1871)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nototropis guttatus (A. Costa in Hope, 1851)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Nototropis swammerdamei (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nototropis vedlomensis (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Bathyporeiidae d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2011</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia chevreuxi d’Udekem d’Acoz & Vader, 2005</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia elegans Watkin, 1938</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia elkaimi d’Udekem d’Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia ledoyeri d’Udekem d’Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia microceras d’Udekem d’Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia nana Toumond, 1966</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia pelagica (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia pilosa Lindström, 1855</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia watkini d’Udekem d’Acoz, Echchaoui & Menioui, 2005</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Bogidiellidae Hertzog, 1936</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bogidiella madeirae Stock, 1994</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cabogidiella littoralis Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Stygogidiella atlantica (Sánchez, 1991)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xystriogidiella spathulata (Stock & Rondé-Broekhuizen, 1987)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Brachyscelidae Stephensen, 1923</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brachyscelus crusculum Spence Bate, 1861</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Brachyscelus globiceps (Claus, 1879)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Brachyscelus macrocephalus Stephensen, 1925</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Brachyscelus rapax (Claus, 1871)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa alacris Krapp-Schickel, 1969</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa bispinosa (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa chiereghinii Giordani Soika, 1950</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Apherusa jurinei (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa mediterranea Chevreux, 1911</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa ovalipes Norman & Scott, 1906</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apherusa vexatrix Krapp-Schickel, 1979</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenopleura atlantica Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Caprellidae Leach, 1814</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Aeginina longicornis (Krøyer, 1843)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella acanthifera Leach, 1814</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella cavediniae Krapp-Schickel & Vader, 1998</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella danilevskii Czerniavsky, 1868</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella dilatata Krøyer, 1843</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella equilibra Say, 1818</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella grandimana Mayer, 1882</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella hirsuta Mayer, 1890</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella innocens Mayer, 1903</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella liparotensis Haller, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella penantis Leach, 1814</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella scaura Templeton, 1836</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella takeuchii Guerra-García, Sánchez-Moyano & García-Gómez, 2001</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Caprella wirtzi Krapp-Schiekel & Takeuchi, 2000</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Liropus gracilis Chevreux, 1920</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mantacaprella macaronensis Vázquez-Luis, Guerra-García, Carvalho & Png-Gonzalez, 2013</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pariambus typicus (Krøyer, 1845)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phtisica marina Slabber, 1769</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Pseudolirius kroyeri (Haller, 1879)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoprotella inermis Chevreux, 1920</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoprotella phasma (Montagu, 1804)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Cebocaridae Lowry & Stoddart, 2011</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Crybelocephalus birsteini Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metacyphocaris helgae Tattersall, 1906</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Colomastigidae Chevreux, 1899</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Colomastix pusilla Grube, 1861</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Corophiidae Leach, 1814</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corophium orientale Schellenberg, 1928</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptocheirus guttatus (Grube, 1864)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptocheirus mariae Karaman, 1973</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptocheirus pectinatus (Norman, 1869)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Leptocheirus pilosus Zaddach, 1844</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medicorophium minimum (Schiecke, 1978)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medicorophium runcicorne (Della Valle, 1893)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Monocorophium acherusicum (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Monocorophium insidiosum (Crawford, 1937)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Monocorophium sextonae (Crawford, 1937)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cressidae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cressa mediterranea Ruffo, 1979</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cyclocaridae Lowry & Stoddart, 2011</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyclocaris tahitensis Stebbing, 1888</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cyphocarididae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyphocaris anonyx Boeck, 1871</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Cyphocaris challengeri Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cyproideidae J.L. Barnard, 1974</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peltocoxa damnoniensis (Stebbing, 1885)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peltocoxa gibbosa (Schiecke, 1977)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peltocoxa marioni Catta, 1875</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peltocoxa mediterranea Schiecke, 1977</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cystisomatidae Willemöes-Suhm, 1875</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cystisoma latipes (Stephensen, 1918)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cystisoma spinosus (Fabricius, 1775)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Dairellidae Bovallius, 1887</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dairella californica (Bovallius, 1885)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Dexaminidae Leach, 1814</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dexamine spiniventris (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dexamine spinosa (Montagu, 1813)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guernea (Guernea) coalita (Norman, 1868)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tritaeta chelata Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tritaeta gibbosa (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Dogielinotidae Gurjanova, 1953</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale plumicornis (Heller, 1866)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Eriopisidae Lowry & Myers, 2013</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus initialis Stock & Sanchez, 1987</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus spinosus Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus stocki Vonk, 1990</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Victoriopisa atlantica Stock & Platvoet, 1981</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Eupronoidae Zeidler, 2016</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eupronoe armata Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Eupronoe laticarpa Stephensen, 1925</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Eupronoe maculata Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Eupronoe minuta Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Parapronoe campbelli Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Parapronoe crustulum Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Parapronoe parva Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Eurytheneidae Stoddart & Lowry, 2004</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Eusiridae Stebbing, 1888</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Cleonardo neuvillei Chevreux, 1908</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eusiopsis riisei Stebbing, 1897</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Eusirus longipes Boeck, 1861</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhachotropis grimaldii (Chevreux, 1887)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhachotropis rostrata Bonnier, 1896</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Gammaridae Latreille, 1802</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus chevreuxi Sexton, 1913</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus insensibilis Stock, 1966</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus locusta (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus nox Stock, 1995</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus subtypicus Stock, 1966</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Marinogammarus marinus (Leach, 1816)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pectenogammarus olivii (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Hadziidae S. Karaman, 1943</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Dulzura lobata Stock & Vonk, 1991</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hadzia acutus (Andres, 1978)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Haustoriidae Stebbing, 1906</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Haustorius arenarius (Slabber, 1769)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Hornelliidae d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2010</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Hornellia (Metaceradocus) perdentatus Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Hyalidae Bulyčeva, 1957</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Apohyale media (Dana, 1853)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apohyale perieri (Lucas, 1846)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apohyale prevostii (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apohyale stebbingi (Chevreux, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hyale macrodactyla Stebbing, 1899</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hyale pontica Rathke, 1836</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale aquilina (Costa, 1857)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale inyacka (K.H. Barnard, 1916)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale multispinosa Stock, 1987</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Protohyale (Boreohyale) camptonyx (Heller, 1866)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Protohyale (Protohyale) grimaldii (Chevreux, 1891)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Protohyale (Protohyale) schmidtii (Heller, 1866)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ptilohyale barnardi (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Serejohyale ramalhoi (Reid, 1939)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serejohyale spinidactylus (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Hyperiidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hyperoche medusarum (Kröyer, 1838)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hyperoche picta Bovallius, 1889</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Hyperiopsidae Bovallius, 1886</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hyperiopsis voringi G.O. Sars, 1885</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Ingolfiellidae Hansen, 1903</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella canariensis Vonk & Sànchez, 1991</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella similis Rondé-Broekhuizen & Stock, 1987</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella unguiculata Stock, 1992</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Iphimediidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iphimedia minuta G.O. Sars, 1883</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iphimedia obesa Rathke, 1843</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Isaeidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pareurystheus dentatus (Holmes, 1908)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Ischyroceridae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bonnierella abyssi (Chevreux, 1887)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centraloecetes dellavallei (Stebbing, 1899)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centraloecetes kroyeranus (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centraloecetes neapolitanus (Schiecke, 1978)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centraloecetes striatus (Myers & McGrath, 1979)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Ericthonius difformis H. Milne Edwards, 1830</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ericthonius punctatus (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jassa falcata (Montagu, 1808)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jassa herdmani (Walker, 1893)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jassa marmorata Holmes, 1905</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jassa pusilla (G.O. Sars, 1894)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microjassa cumbrensis (Stebbing & Robertson, 1891)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neoischyrocerus inexpectatus (Ruffo, 1959)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parajassa pelagica (Leach, 1814)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plumulojassa ocia (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Siphonoecetes sabatieri Rouville, 1894</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Kamakidae Myers & Lowry, 2003</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cerapopsis longipes Della Valle, 1893</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Cerapopsis takamado Menioui & Myers, 2001</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Kuriidae J.L. Barnard, 1964</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micropythia carinata (Spence Bate, 1863)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Lanceolidae Bovallius, 1887</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lanceola clausii Bovallius, 1885</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lanceola loveni Bovallius, 1885</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Lanceola pacifica Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lanceola sayana Bovallius, 1885</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scypholanceola aestiva (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Lestrigonidae Zeidler, 2004</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Hyperietta luzoni (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperietta parviceps Bowman, 1973</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperietta stebbingi Bowman, 1973</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperietta stephenseni Bowman, 1973</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperietta vosseleri (Stebbing, 1904)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperioides longipes Chevreux, 1900</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hyperionyx macrodactylus (Stephensen, 1924)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lestrigonus bengalensis Giles, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lestrigonus latissimus (Bovallius, 1889)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lestrigonus macropthalmus (Vosseler, 1901)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lestrigonus schizogeneios (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronimopsis spinifera Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Themistella fusca (Dana, 1853)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Leucothoidae Dana, 1852</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe brunonis Krapp-Schickel & Menioui, 2005</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe euryonyx Walker, 1901</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe incisa Robertson, 1892</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe lilljeborgi Boeck, 1861</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe occulta Krapp-Schickel, 1975</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe procera Spence Bate, 1857</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe richiardii Lessona, 1865</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe spinulosa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Liljeborgiidae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Idunella picta (Norman, 1889)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Idunella sketi Karaman, 1980</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Liljeborgia inermis Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Liljeborgia pallida (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sextonia longirostris Chevreux, 1920</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Lycaeidae Claus, 1879</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Lycaea bovallii Chevreux, 1900</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lycaea pachypoda (Claus, 1879)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lycaea pulex Marion, 1874</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lycaea vincentii Stebbing, 1888</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Simorhynchotus antennarius (Claus, 1871)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Lycaeopsidae Chevreux, 1913</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Lycaeopsis themistoides Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lycaeopsis zamboangae (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Lysianassidae Dana, 1849</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassa caesarea Ruffo, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassa ceratina (Walker, 1889)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassa costae H. Milne Edwards, 1830</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassa pilicornis Heller, 1866</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassa plumosa Boeck, 1871</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lysianassina longicornis (Lucas, 1846)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Socarnes erythrophthalmus Robertson, 1892</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Socarnes filicornis (Heller, 1866)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Socarnopsis obesa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Maeridae Krapp-Schickel, 2008</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Animoceradocus semiserratus (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceradocus (Ceradocus) orchestiipes A. Costa, 1853</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus antennatus (Stout, 1913)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus brasiliensis (Dana, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus canarius Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 1990</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus pectenicrus (Spence Bate, 1863)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus pocillimanus (Spence Bate, 1863)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus rapax A. Costa, 1853</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus vachoni Mateus & Mateus, 1966</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Maera edwardsi Chevreux, 1920</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Maera grossimana (Montagu, 1808)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Maera hirondellei Chevreux, 1900</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Maeropsis perrieri Chevreux, 1920</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Othomaera knudseni (Reid, 1951)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Othomaera othonis (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quadrimaera ascensionis (K.H. Barnard, 1932)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quadrimaera inaequipes (A. Costa in Hope, 1851)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Megaluropidae Thomas & Barnard, 1986</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Megaluropus agilis Hoek, 1889</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Melitidae Bousfield, 1973</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Abludomelita aculeata (Chevreux, 1911)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Abludomelita obtusata (Montagu, 1813)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Abludomelita richardi (Chevreux, 1900)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulichiella fresnelii (Audouin, 1826)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Melita coroninii Heller, 1866</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Melita hergensis Reid, 1939</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Melita palmata (Montagu, 1804)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Verdeia grandimana (Chevreux, 1908)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Melphidippidae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Melphidippella macra (Norman, 1869)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Microphasmidae Stephensen & Pirlot, 1931</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Microproasma agassizi Wolterock, 1909</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Microprotopidae Myers & Lowry, 2003</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microprotopus longimanus Chevreux, 1887</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Mimonectidae Bovallius, 1885</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes gaussi (Wolterock, 1904)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes loveni Bovallius, 1885</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes spandlii Bovallius, 1885</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes sphaericus Bovallius, 1885</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Nuuanuidae Lowry & Myers, 2013</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarella fucicola (Leach, 1814)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Oedicerotidae Lilljeborg, 1865</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kroyera carinata Spence Bate, 1857</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perioculodes longimanus (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1868)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pontocrates altamarinus (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pontocrates arenarius (Spence Bate, 1858)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synchelidium maculatum Stebbing, 1906</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Westwoodilla caecula (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Westwoodilla rectirostris (Della Valle, 1893)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Oxycephalidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calamorhynchus pellucidus Streets, 1878</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Glossocephalus milneedwardsi Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptocotis tenuirostris (Claus, 1871)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Oxycephalus clausi Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Oxycephalus longiceps Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oxycephalus piscator H. Milne Edwards, 1830</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Rhabdosoma brevicaudatum Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhabdosoma whitei Spence Bate, 1863</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Streetsia challengeri Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Streetsia porcella (Claus, 1879)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Paraphronimidae Bovallius, 1887</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraphronima crassipes Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Paraphronima gracilis Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Parargissidae Lowry & Myers, 2017</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parargissa nasuta Chevreux, 1908</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Parascelidae Bovallius, 1887</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parascelus edwardsi Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Parascelus parvus Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Schizoscelus ornatus Claus, 1879</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thyropus sphaeroma (Claus, 1879)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Pardaliscidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halice aculeata Chevreux, 1912</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halice macronyx (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Halicoides discoveryi Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nicippe tumida Bruzelius, 1859</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spelaeoconicippe buchi (Andres, 1975)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Phliantidae Stebbing, 1899</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pereionotus testudo (Montagu, 1808)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Photidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis anomala (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis dentata Chevreux, 1900</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis maculata (Johnston, 1828)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis minuta (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis ostroumowi (Sowinsky, 1898)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis sophiae (Boeck, 1861)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis ulrici Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 1979</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Latigammaropsis atlantica (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Megamphopus cornutus Norman, 1869</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Megamphopus longicornis Chevreux, 1911</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Megamphopus longidactyla Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis antennata Chevreux, 1926</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis longicarpa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis longicaudata (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis obesa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis reinhardi Krøyer, 1842</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podoceropsis angulosa Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Phoxocephalidae G.O. Sars, 1891</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basuto stimpsoni (Stebbing, 1908)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harpinia antennaria Meinert, 1890</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harpinia crenulata (Boeck, 1871)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harpinia pectinata G.O. Sars, 1891</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harpinia propinqva G.O. Sars, 1891</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Joubinella ciliata Chevreux, 1908</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metaphoxus fultoni (Scott, 1890)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metaphoxus simplex (Spence Bate, 1858)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudharpinia brevirostris (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudharpinia latipes (Norman, 1900)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Phronimidae Rafinesque, 1815</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phronima atlantica Guérin-Méneville, 1836</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronima colletti Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronima curvipes Vosseler, 1901</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronima pacifica Streets, 1877</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronima sedentaria (Forskål, 1775)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phronima solitaria Guérin-Méneville, 1844</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phronima stebbingi Vosseler, 1901</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Phronimella elongata (Claus, 1862)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Phrosinidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anchylomera blossevillei H. Milne Edwards, 1830</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phrosina semilunata Risso, 1822</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Primno brevidens Bowman, 1978</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Primno latreillei Stebbing, 1888</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Primno macropa Guérin-Méneville, 1836</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Platyscelidae Spence Bate, 1862</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hemityphis tenuimanus Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paratyphis maculatus Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Paratyphis parvus Claus, 1887</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Paratyphis promontori Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platyscelus armatus (Claus, 1879)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platyscelus crustulatus (Claus, 1879)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Platyscelus ovoides (Risso, 1816)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platyscelus serratulus Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetrathyrus forcipatus Claus, 1879</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Pleustidae Buchholz, 1874</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mesopleustes abyssorum (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenopleustes latipes (M. Sars, 1858)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Podoceridae Leach, 1814</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laetmatophilus armatus (Norman, 1869)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laetmatophilus purus Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laetmatophilus tuberculatus Bruzelius, 1859</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podocerus senegalensis Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podocerus variegatus Leach, 1814</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Pontogeneiidae Stebbing, 1906</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dautzenbergia dentata (Chevreux, 1920)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dautzenbergia grandimana (Chevreux, 1887)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dautzenbergia megacheir (Walker, 1897)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eusiroides dellavallei Chevreux, 1899</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eusiroides sarsi Chevreux, 1900</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Pontogeneia minuta Chevreux, 1908</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Pronoidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pronoe capito Guérin-Méneville, 1836</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Pseudoniphargidae Karaman, 1993</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus cupicola Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus littoralis Stock & Abreu, 1993</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus macrurus Stock & Abreu, 1993</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus multidens Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus porticola Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus portosancti Stock & Abreu, 1993</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus salinus Stock, 1888</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Scinidae Stebbing, 1888</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acanthoscina acanthodes (Stebbing, 1895)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ctenoscina brevicaudata Wagler, 1926</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ctenoscina macrocarpa (Chevreux, 1905)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina borealis (G.O. Sars, 1883)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina crassicornis (Fabricius, 1775)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina curvidactyla Chevreux, 1914</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina damasi Pirlot, 1929</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina excisa Wagler, 1926</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina incerta Chevreux, 1900</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina inermis Chevreux, 1919</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina lamperti Vosseler, 1901</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina latifrons Wagler, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina lepisma Chun, 1889</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina marginata (Bovallius, 1885)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina megameros Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina oedicarpus Stebbing, 1895</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina pacifica (Bovallius, 1887)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina pusilla Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina rattrayi Stebbing, 1895</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina rattrayi keilhacki Wagler, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina similis Stebbing, 1895</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina stebbingi Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina stenopus Stebbing, 1895</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina submarginata Tattersall, 1906</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina tullbergi (Bovallius, 1885)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina uncipes Stebbing, 1895</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina vosseleri Tattersall, 1906</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina wagleri atlantis Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Scina woltercki Wagler, 1926</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spinoscina spinosa (Chevreux, 1914)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Scopelocheiridae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paracallisoma alberti Chevreux, 1903</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Stegocephalidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Andaniexis abyssi (Boeck, 1871)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parandania boecki (Stebbing, 1888)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Stenothoidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metopa propinqva G.O. Sars, 1892</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenothoe dollfusi Chevreux, 1887</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenothoe marina (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenothoe monocoloides (Montagu, 1813)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN – MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Stenothoe tergestina (Nebeski, 1881)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stenula latipes (Chevreux & Fage, 1925)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wollastenothoe minuta Gouillieux & Navarro-Mayoral in Navarro-Mayoral et al., 2024</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Synopiidae Dana, 1853</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synopia scheeleana Bovallius, 1886</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Syrrhoe affinis Chevreux, 1908</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Talitridae Rafinesque, 1815</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Africorchestia spinifera (Mateus, 1962)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Britorchestia brito (Stebbing, 1891)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Canariorchestia chevreuxi (de Guerne, 1887)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gazia ancheidos (K.H. Barnard, 1916)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1766)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Orchestia mediterranea A. Costa, 1853</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Thamneidae Zeidler, 2016</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thamneus rostratus Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trischizostomatidae Lilljeborg, 1865</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trischizostoma longirostre Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Tryphanidae Boeck, 1871</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tryphana malmii Boeck, 1871</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Tryphosidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Abyssorchomene chevreuxi (Stebbing, 1906)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Hippomedon denticulatus (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hippomedon robustus G.O. Sars, 1895</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lepidepecreum crenulatum Chevreux, 1925</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lepidepecreum crypticum Ruffo & Schiecke, 1977</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lepidepecreum longicorne (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1861)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lepidepecreum typhlops Bonnier, 1896</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Orchomene humilis (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudorchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Tryphosa crenata Chevreux & Fage, 1925)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tryphosella minima (Chevreux, 1911)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tryphosites alleni Sexton, 1911</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tryphosites longipes (Spence Bate & Westwood, 1861)</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Unciolidae Myers & Lowry, 2003</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unciola tenuipes Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Uristidae Hurley, 1963</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anonyx sarsi Steele & Brunel, 1968</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ichnopus spinicornis Boeck, 1861</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stephonyx biscayensis (Chevreux, 1908)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Continued
<table><caption>Table 1 continued</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Families & Species</th><th colspan="4">Zones</th></tr><tr><th>NWA</th><th>CAN - MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>CV</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Stephonyx talismani (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tmetonyx nardonis (Heller, 1867)</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Urothoidae Bousfield, 1978</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe atlantica Bellan-Santini & Meniou, 2004</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe elegans Spence Bate, 1857</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe grimaldii Chevreux, 1895</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe marina (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe poseidonis Reibish, 1905</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe pulchella (A. Costa, 1853)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Vibiliidae Dana, 1852</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia armata Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia australis Stebbing, 1888</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia borealis Spence Bate & Westwood, 1868</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia chuni Behning & Wolterock, 1912</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia cultripes Vosseler, 1901</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia jeangerardii Lucas, 1846</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia propinqua Stebbing, 1888</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia pyripes Bovallius, 1887</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia stebbingi Behning & Wolterock, 1912</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vibilia viatrix Bovallius, 1887</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Vibilioides alberti Chevreux, 1905</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td><strong>Total of species</strong></td><td><strong>297</strong></td><td><strong>302</strong></td><td><strong>152</strong></td><td><strong>122</strong></td></tr></tfoot></table>

When only taking account of the 334 benthic species from the continental shelf, 204 species are listed for NWA, 167 for CAN-MAD, 136 for SEN and only 34 for CV, region where pelagic species are dominant (88 species).

The 509 species recorded in the four regions of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and the north-west African coasts belong to 90 families.

The most diversified family is the Ampeliscidae Krøyer, 1842 (32 species), the Scinidae Stebbing, 1888 (29 species), the Caprellidae Leach, 1814 (22 species). Then, five other families are each represented by 16 species or more: Photidae Boeck, 1871, Maeridae Krapp-Schickel, 2008 and Ischryroceridae Stebbing, 1899 (17 species), Aoridae Stebbing, 1899 and Hyalidae Bulyčeva, 1957 (16 species).

Eight families comprise between 10 and 15 species, 34 families between 3 and 9 species, while 13 families account for 2 species and 27 families (30%) account for only one species (Fig. 2).

### Cluster analysis

The first analyses, including all species from the four

regions studied here, show a separation between the CV and SEN faunas, while the other three regions are separated at a similarity level of 30%. The SEN is separated from the CAN-MAD and NWA at 40 %, and these two latter regions are themselves separated at 60% (Fig. 3). Cluster analysis shows that each region displays a unique and particular amphipod diversity, with a high similarity between NWA and CAN-MAD amphipod faunas compared with SEN and CV. The second analyses include only the benthic species, showing the same pattern as above but with a greater separation of the CV fauna from the three others (Fig. 4).

### Discussion

#### State of the inventory and comments

The amphipod checklist accounts for 509 species, which is a higher number than the 454 species in the inventory recently established for the five countries bordering the southern Mediterranean Sea (Bakalem et al., 2024). However, there is a lack of data for pelagic species in the southern Mediterranean Sea, except along the Egyptian coast, while deep-sea amphipods are only
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 2:** Numbers of species among the 90 families reported in the 2024 amphipod checklist for the four regions Macaronesian Archipelagos and African coasts.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 3:** Results of cluster analysis (Sørensen similarity) on all amphipod species in the four regions of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and north-west African coasts. See Figure 1 for location of the regions.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 4:** Results of cluster analysis (Sørensen similarity) on benthic amphipod species recorded on the continental/insular shelf in the four regions of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and north-west African coasts. See Figure 1 for location of the regions.</figcaption></figure>

known from a campaign off the Algerian coast (Bakalem *et al.*, 2024). Moreover, our checklist supersedes the checklists of Bachelet *et al.*, (2003) for amphipods from the southern Bay of Biscay (319 species) and Dauvin (2022) for the English Channel (269 species).

A total of 66 species (13% of total Amphipods) have been described from the four regions studied here, among them 21 coming from SEN, 17 from CAN-MAD, 17 from NWA and seven from CV, while four species were originally described from two regions (Table 2). Among the species new to science, Chevreux described 30 species (45%), then Stock (eight species), Reid (six species), and d'Udekem d'Acoz and Menioui (three species).

Table 3 reports the 59 endemic species recorded only in the four regions studied here. Most of them have been recorded only in the two archipelagos CAN-MAD and the region SEN. There are very few non-indigenous or possibly non-indigenous species in this part of the North-East Atlantic (Table 4), with four species from the Ca-

nary and Madeira Archipelagos and three species along the Moroccan coast. This is a very low number compared to the potential total of 105 species in this amphipod category for the world ocean (Marchini & Cardeccia, 2017), even though there is intense maritime traffic between Europe and the African continent as well as to the numerous islands of the region. Bakalem *et al.* (2024) reported 15 non-indigenous or possibly non-indigenous species for the five southern Mediterranean countries, while Dauvin (2022) indicated 12 that are non-indigenous species for the English Channel.

*Comparison with other checklists of benthic amphipods from the Mediterranean Sea and neighbouring regions in the North-East Atlantic (Azores and Portuguese-Spain-France)*

The benthic amphipod checklists for the four Maca-
<table><caption>**Table 2.** List of the amphipod species described from material coming from the four zones of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and North-West Atlantic Africa (NWA: Northwest African coasts; CAN-MAD: Canary & Madeira Archipelagos; SEN: Senegalese & Mauritanian coasts and Cabo Verde).</caption><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>NWA</th><th>CAN-MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>Cabo Verde</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ampelisca cavicoxa Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca monoculata Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985</td><td>Sahara</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca pectenata Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca senegalensis Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampelisca verga Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe grubiformis Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia chevreuxi d'Udekem d'Acoz & Vader, 2005</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia elkaimi d'Udekem d'Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia ledoyeri d'Udekem d'Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia microceras d'Udekem d'Acoz & Menioui, 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia watkini d'Udekem d'Acoz, Echchaoui & Menioui, 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bogidiella madeirae Stock, 1994</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cabogidiella littoralis Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Caprella wirtzi Krapp-Schickel & Takeuchi, 2000</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Cerapopsis takamado Menioui et Myers 2000</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Crybelocephalus birsteini Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dautzenbergia dentata Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulzura lobata Stock & Vonk, 1991</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus canarius Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 1990</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis minuta (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus nox Stock, 1995</td><td></td><td>Canarias-Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Globosolembos francanni (Reid, 1951)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Grandidierella elongata Chevreux, 1926</td><td>Sahara</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hadzia acutus (Andres, 1978)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halice aculeata Chevreux, 1912</td><td>Morocco</td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halicoides discovery Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Haploops proxima Chevreux, 1919</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hornellia (Metaceradocus) perdentatus Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella unguiculata Stock, 1992</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lepidecreum crenulatum Chevreux, 1925</td><td>Sahara</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe brunonis Krapp-Schickel & Menioui, 2005</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe spinulosa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liljeborgia inermis Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liropus gracilis Chevreux, 1920</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Maera edwardsi Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td>Mauritania</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Maeropsis perrieri Chevreux, 1920</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Mantacaprella macaronensis Vázquez-Luis, Guerra-García, Carvalho & Png-González, 2013</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Megamphopus longidactyla Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes sphaericus Bovallius, 1885</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mimonectes spandlii Stephensen & Pirlot, 1931</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paracallisoma alberti Chevreux, 1903</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis antennata Chevreux, 1926</td><td>Sahara</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis longicarpa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

*Continued*
<table><caption>Table 2 continued</caption><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>NWA</th><th>CAN-MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>Cabo Verde</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Photis obesa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podoceropsis angulosa Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podocerus senegalensis Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudharpinia brevirostris (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus initialis Stock & Sanchez, 1987</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus spinosus Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus stocki Vonk, 1990</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ptilohyale barnardi (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina damasi Pirlot, 1929</td><td>Morocco</td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina wagleri atlantis Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serejohyale ramalhoi (Reid, 1939)</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serejohyale spinidactylus (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Socarnopsis obesa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spelaeonicippe buchi (Andres, 1975)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stephonyx talismani (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syrrhoe affinis Chevreux, 1908</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trischizostoma longirostre Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Tritaeta chelata Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unciola tenuipes Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe atlantica Bellan Santini & Menioui, 2005</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Verdeia grandimana (Chevreux, 1908)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Victoriopisa atlantica Stock & Platvoet, 1981</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wollastenothoe minuta Gouillieux & Navarro-Mayoral in Navarro-Mayoral et al., 2024</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 3.** Checklist of the endemic amphipod species in the four zones of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and North-West Atlantic Africa (NWA: Northwest African coasts; CAN-MAD: Canary & Madeira Archipelagos; SEN: Senegalese & Mauritanian coasts and Cabo Verde).</caption><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>NWA</th><th>CAN-MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>Cabo Verde</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ampelisca senegalensis Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ampithoe grubiformis Reid, 1951</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia chevreuxi d'Udekem d'Acoz & Vader, 2005</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia ledoyeri d'Udekem d'Acoz & Menioui 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia microceras d'Udekem d'Acoz & Menioui 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bathyporeia watkini d'Udekem d'Acoz, Echchaoui & Menioui 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bogidiella madeirae Stock, 1994</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cabogidiella littoralis Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Caprella wirtzi Krapp-Schickel & Takeuchi, 2000</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Cerapopsis takamado Menioui et Myers 2000</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Crybelocephalus birsteini Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulzura lobata Stock & Vonk, 1991</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Elasmopus canarius Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 1990</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammaropsis minuta (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gammarus nox Stock, 1995</td><td></td><td>Canarias, Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hadzia acutus (Andres, 1978)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

*Continued*
<table><caption>Table 3 continued</caption><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>NWA</th><th>CAN-MAD</th><th>SEN</th><th>Cabo Verde</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Halice aculeata Chevreux, 1912</td><td>Morocco</td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halicoides discovery Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hornellia (Metaceradocus) perdentatus Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella canariensis Vonk & Sánchez, 1991</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella similis Rondé-Broekhuizen & Stock, 1987</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ingolfiella unguiculata Stock, 1992</td><td></td><td>Canarias, Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe brunonis Krapp-Schickel & Menioui, 2005</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leucothoe spinulosa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liropus gracilis Chevreux, 1920</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Maera edwardsi Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td>Mauritania</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Maeropsis perrieri Chevreux, 1920</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mantacaprella macaronensis Vázquez-Luis, Guerra-García, Carvalho & Png-González, 2013</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Megamphopus longidactyla Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parhyale multispinosa Stock, 1987</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis antennata Chevreux, 1926</td><td>Sahara</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis longicarpa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photis obesa Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podoceropsis angulosa Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Podocerus senegalensis Chevreux, 1926</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus initialis Stock & Sánchez, 1987</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus spinosus Stock & Vonk, 1992</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Psammogammarus stocki Vonk, 1990</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudharpinia brevirostris (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus cupicola Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus multidens Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus porticola Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudoniphargus salinus Stock, 1988</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ptilohyale barnardi (Chevreux, 1926)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scina wagleri atlantis Thurston, 1976</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serejohyale ramalhoi (Reid, 1939)</td><td></td><td>Madeira</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Socarnopsis obesa Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spelaeonicippe buchi (Andres, 1975)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stephonyx talismani (Chevreux, 1919)</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stygogidiella atlantica (Sánchez, 1991)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stygogidiella uniramosa (Stock & Rondé-Broekhuizen, 1987)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trischizostoma longirostre Chevreux, 1919</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Tritaeta chelata Chevreux, 1925</td><td></td><td></td><td>Senegal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unciola tenuipes Chevreux, 1920</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urothoe atlantica Bellan Santini et Menioui, 2004</td><td>Morocco</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Verdeia grandimana (Chevreux, 1908)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><td>Victoriopisa atlantica Stock & Platvoet, 1981</td><td></td><td></td><td>Mauritania</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wollastenothoe minuta Gouillieux & Navarro-Mayoral in Navarro-Mayoral et al., 2024</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xystrriogidiella spathulata (Stock & Rondé-Broekhuizen, 1987)</td><td></td><td>Canarias</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 4.** Checklist of the non-indigenous species or may be non-indigenous species of amphipods reported in the four zones of the Macaronesian Archipelagos and North-west Atlantic Africa.</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Species</th><th rowspan="2">Status of the species</th><th rowspan="2">Establishment success of the species</th><th colspan="3">Date of first record and source of the first signalisation</th></tr><tr><th>Canary Archipelago</th><th>Madeira Archipelago</th><th>Morocco</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Caprella scaura Templeton, 1836</td><td>Non-indigenous</td><td>Invasive</td><td>2009</td><td>Guerra-García et al., 2011</td><td>2013 Ramalhosa & Canning-Clode, 2015</td></tr><tr><td>Ericthonius punctatus (Spence Bate, 1857)</td><td>May be non-indigenous</td><td>Established</td><td></td><td></td><td>2018 Png-Gonzalez et al., 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Jassa marmorata Holmes, 1905</td><td>May be non-indigenous</td><td>Established</td><td>2011</td><td>Riera et al., 2014</td><td>1984 Bitar, 1987</td></tr><tr><td>Monocorophium acherusicum (Costa, 1853)</td><td>Non-indigenous</td><td>Established</td><td>2005</td><td>Riera et al., 2014</td><td>1972 Elkaim, 1974</td></tr><tr><td>Platyscelus armatus (Claus, 1879)</td><td>Non-indigenous</td><td>Casual</td><td>2012</td><td>Mingorance et al., 2014</td><td>1922 Pirlot, 1929</td></tr></tbody></table>

ronesian archipelagos and north-west African coasts are compared with data from three neighbouring regions.

The checklist of benthic amphipods of the Azores Archipelago (AZO) is established from the first inventory of amphipod species provided by Lopes *et al.* (1993) and supplementary data obtained subsequently (Wirtz, 1998; Guerra-García, 2004; Bamber & Robbins, 2009; Zeina *et al.*, 2015; Andrade *et al.*, 2021). The total number of species for the AZO shelf is 88. This low number is probably due to the development of a narrow insular shelf around the volcanic Azores archipelago. Lopes *et al.* (1993) reported a total of 122 species including numerous deep-sea amphipods mainly described by Edouard Chevreux during the expeditions of Prince Albert Ist of Monaco in this part of the North-Eastern Atlantic; Guerra-García (2004) reported three new species of deep-sea Caprel-lidea for the Azores Archipelago, making a total of 125 species for the Azores.

The present checklist reports 377 species of benthic amphipods from the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and Algeria (MOR-ALG); this checklist was established from the recent study of Bakalem *et al.* (2024), combined with the historical data for Morocco (Menioui & Bayed, 1986; Menioui & Ruffo, 1988). This total is higher than that reported for Morocco (240 species) and Algeria (336 species), certain species being present in only one of the two countries. In this part of the Mediterranean Sea, the numbers of pelagic and deep-sea species are very low (Bakalem *et al.*, 2024).

For the continental shelf extending from the Strait of Gibraltar to the North of the Bay of Biscay (BIS-IBE), the number of benthic amphipods reaches 315 species. The checklist was established for the whole Bay of Biscay from the lists of Dauvin & Bellan-Santini (2002, 2004) and Bachelet *et al.* (2003), with additional papers describing new species (Kaim-Malka, 2012; Tato *et al.*, 2012; Gouillieux & Sorbe, 2015; Gouillieux, 2019) or new records mainly for non-indigenous species from this

region (Jourde *et al.*, 2013; Gouillieux *et al.*, 2015, 2016; Gouillieux, 2017; Gouillieux & Massé, 2019; Gouillieux *et al.*, 2020; Gouillieux & Droual, 2020). For the Iberian Atlantic coast, the checklist was established from the inventories of Marques & Bellan-Santini (1991) and Sampaio *et al.* (2016), as well as more local studies including lists of coastal benthic amphipods (van Maren, 1975; Rodrigues & Dauvin, 1985, 1987; Pardal *et al.*, 2002; Lourido *et al.*, 2008; Moreira *et al.*, 2008; Carvalho *et al.*, 2012; Plicanti *et al.*, 2017; Dauvin *et al.*, 2021; Gomes *et al.*, 2022).

Including the four regions of our checklist, the total number of benthic species of the seven regions included in this comparison reaches 587 species. A total of 259 species (44%) are reported in only one of the studied regions. Only 7 species are recorded in CV and 10 in AZO. For NWA, SEN and CAN-MAD, the total numbers of species are 13, 25 and 30, respectively. The numbers are highest for MOR-ALG (100 species), where a large number of species have been reported that are endemic for the Mediterranean Sea (Bakalem *et al.*, 2024). A total of 74 species have been recorded only once for the BIS-IBE, in a region where cold-temperate species are present (Bachelet *et al.*, 2003; Dauvin, 2022).

A total of 203 species (35%) have been recorded in two or three regions, 52 (9%) in four regions, 30 (5%) in five regions, 26 (4%) in six regions, while only 5 species are present in all regions: *Aora typica*, *Ericthonius brasiliensis*, *Gammaropsis maculata*, *Leucothoe spinicarpa* and *Phtisica marina*.

At a similarity level of 45%, the Cluster Analysis shows that the seven regions can be separated into four main groups (Fig. 5). CV (group a) is separated from the rest of the regions, while SEN (group b) is separated from all the others. The third group c gathers together the three regions NWA, MOR-ALG and BIS-IBE, while group d is made up of the CAN-MAD and AZO archipelagos. In summary, the amphipod fauna is distinguished by the
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 5:** Results of cluster analysis (Sørensen similarity) on benthic amphipod species (presence or absence) recorded on the continental shelf in seven regions of the North-East Atlantic plus the south-western Mediterranean Sea. See Figure 1 for location of the regions.</figcaption></figure>

species diversity of the two southern regions SEN and CV. Moreover, a similar diversity is observed across the geographical continuum to the south, north and east of the Gibraltar Strait, as well as a high affinity with the amphipod diversity of the archipelagos lying offshore north-west Africa.

In their study of the biogeography of benthic marine amphipods of the Mediterranean Sea, Bellan-Santini & Ruffo (2003) stated that 38 % of the species were Mediterranean endemic species, while 59% were common to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a high affinity between both amphipod faunas. Based on a collection of soft-bottom crustaceans, Sampaio *et al.* (2016), showed that the Portuguese continental shelf offers favourable environmental conditions to support diverse benthic crustacean communities and confirmed that the Portuguese coast represents a transition zone with mixed Atlantic and Mediterranean faunas while also being exposed to noticeable North African and Macaronesian influences.

In their review of the benthos of the north-west Africa, Ramos *et al.* (2015) highlighted an important faunistic change between the tropical and temperate biota at the latitude of Cape Blanc, which is the limit between NWA and SEN. The benthos of Cabo Verde and the Canary Islands shows some specific features linked to their volcanic origin, insularity and oceanographic conditions.

More recently, Freitas *et al.* (2019) have reviewed the biogeographic region known as 'Macaronesia', including the Azores, Madeira, and the Selvagens, Canary and Cabo Verde archipelagos, using a multitaxon approach for a total of 3,737 marine species: 465 coastal fishes, 151 echinoderms, 1,312 gastropods, 177 brachyurans, 683 polychaetes and 949 macroalgae. These authors (*op. cit.*.) show a complex situation including different patterns according to the type of organisms, and a clear separation of the Carbo Verde archipelago from the other Macaron-

esian islands due to the high number of endemic species in several marine phyla, particularly gastropod molluscs. When using the available checklist for the tropical West African shores (e.g., for fishes and macroalgae), their results support the inclusion of Cabo Verde as an independent marine ecoregion in the West African Transition province and separated from the Lusitanian Province, which includes the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens and Canary archipelagos. Therefore, Freitas *et al.* (2019) suggested redefining the Lusitanian biogeographical province, which could include the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores and Webbnesia (i.e., Madeira, Selvagens and Canaries).

Vieira *et al.* (2021) has used mitochondrial DNA sequences to investigate the genetic differentiation between 28 populations from “Webbnesia” and adjacent coasts, based on 23 intertidal peracarid species including 13 amphipods. These populations display a notable genetic diversity and high endemicity, with 83% of the MOTUs (molecular operational taxonomic units) being restricted to these islands, particularly La Palma (Canaries) and Madeira. A clear differentiation can be observed in all the examined species between Webbnesia and the Iberian populations. The populations from the Azores and Morocco display specificities depending on the taxon. In their study, Vieira *et al.* (2021) found that both patterns were observed, i.e.: connections between the Azores and Webbnesia as well as between the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula. However, these data suggest a higher genetic proximity between the Moroccan and Iberian populations, contradicting other studies that relate the populations from Morocco with those from Macaronesia due to their vicinity.

Our Cluster Analysis on the benthic amphipods is supported by the biogeographical patterns identified in these previous studies. There is a net separation of the Cabo Verde and Senegal amphipod faunas from the rest of the
other north-eastern regions, as well as a similarity of amphipod faunas between the Azores and Webbnesia, and between the Atlantic-Mediterranean regions to the south, north and east of the Gibraltar Strait (see Fig. 5). Moreover, for this last group of regions, several contingents of species can be identified: Mediterranean endemic species in MOR-ALG, cold temperate species present only in the Bay of Biscay (BIS-IBE region) and some tropical species in the NWA region. In summary, the number of shared species in these three regions exceeds the number of species found in only one region, showing the same biogeographical pattern of the Amphipoda fauna as in the Lusitanian province as suggested by Freitas *et al.* (2019).

## Need for future research

The present checklist of amphipods covers not only the continental shelf of north-west Africa but also the bathyal and abyssal waters. It includes pelagic and benthic amphipods recorded in this extended part of the North-East Atlantic. It is clear that the research effort is different in all of the four studied regions. The CV region has been intensively sampled for the zooplankton, resulting in a large number of pelagic amphipod species (88); it is the only one of four regions studied where this number is significantly higher than that of benthic amphipods (34).

Mainly due to the cruises of Prince Albert Ist of Monaco in this part of the north-eastern Atlantic, the deep-sea amphipod fauna is acceptably known. Most of the deeper amphipods collected during these cruises were studied by Edouard Chevreux, and among them numerous species new to science were described. Chevreux (1925) also studied the amphipods from Senegal and described new species for this area from material collected during the 'Voyage de la goélette "Melita" aux Canaries et au Sénégal (1889-1890)'. The contribution of Reid (1951) on the Amphipoda (Gammaridea and Caprellidea) of the coast of tropical West Africa has also increased our knowledge on the amphipods of this region. Very few recent studies are available for the coasts of Senegal and Mauritania over the last 70 years.

Similarly, for the SEN region, there are very numerous scientific studies and reports on the Arguin bank, which is a Mauritanian National Park of international importance mainly for birds (Wijnsma *et al.*, 1999; Araujo & Campredon, 2016). But, despite these publications, there are very few data on amphipod species and only the amphipod taxa are recorded.

Our knowledge of the amphipods is satisfactory for the two other regions (CAN-MAD and NWA), mainly concerning the Moroccan shallow waters and hard substrates of the Canaries Archipelago. In these regions, particular attention should be focused on artificial hard bottoms in harbours and other human infrastructures that could increase the number of indigenous and non-indigenous species responsible for biofouling.

## Acknowledgements

The authors thank Jean-Philippe Pezy, CNRS, UMR 6143 M2C 'Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière' for the Primer analyses and Michael Carpenter for his help in improving the English of this typescript. The authors thank both reviewers for their very useful remarks and comments on the first version of the typescript.

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List of bibliographic references containing data on amphipods

Ait Mlik, K., 2009. *Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution à long terme des structures benthiques de la lagune de Merja Zerga*. Mémoire Master, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Moroc, 40 pp.

Ait-Youssef, M., 1983. *Impact de la pollution sur le peuplement de Corallina mediterranea de la côte atlantique marocaine*. Mémoire Etudes Ingénieur halieutique, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Rabat, Maroc, 72 pp.

Anabalón, V., Arístegui, J., Morales-Pérez, C. E., Andrade, I., Benavides-Serrato, M. et al., 2014. The structure of planktonic communities under variable coastal upwelling conditions off Cape Ghir (31°) in the Canary Current System (NW Africa). *Progress in Oceanography*, 120, 320-339.

Andersson, A., 1962. On a collection of Amphipoda of the family Talitridae from the Canary Islands. *Arkiv för Zoologi*, 2 (15), 211-218.

Andres, H. G., 1978. *Liagoceradocus acutus* sp. n., ein Gammaride aus den Jameos del Agua auf Lanzarote (Amphipoda, Crustacea). *Mitteilungen Hamburgisches Zoologisches Museum und Institut*, 75, 249-253.

Araujo, A., Campredon, P., 2016. Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania). p. 1-14. In: *The Wetland Book*. Finlayson, C.M. et al. (Eds). Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht.

Azirar, A., 2006. *Macrofaune benthique de l'estuaire d'Oum Rbia*. Mémoire DESA, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco, 64 pp.

Azirar, A., Bayed, A., 2011. Structuring conditions of benthic macro-infauna on sandy beaches in lagoonal environment. p. 101-102. In: *Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Sandy Beaches, 19th-23rd October 2009, Rabat, Morocco*. Bayed, A. (Ed). Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique de Rabat, Maroc, Série générale, 6.

Bakalem, A., Dauvin, J.C., Menioui, M., 2024. Diversity of marine Amphipods (Crustacea, Peracarida) from the North African shelf of the Mediterranean Sea (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt). An updated checklist for 2023. *Mediterranean Marine Science*, 25 (2), 311-373.

Barnard, J.L., 1969. *The Families and Genera of Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda*. Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington, 535 pp.

Barquín-Díez, J., González-Lorenzo, G., Martín-García, L., Gil-Rodríguez, M. C., Brito, A., 2005. Distribución espacial de las comunidades bentónicas submareales de los fondos someros de Canarias. I: Las comunidades de sustrato blanco de las costas de Tenerife. *Vieraea*, 33, 435-448.

Bayed, A., 1980. *Contribution à l'étude de la macrofaune benthique de la plateforme nord marocaine (mission Biomar, 1978)*. Mémoire DEA, océanographie biologique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France, 52 pp.

Bayed, A., 1982. *Ecologie descriptive et dynamique des plages de la région de Rabat (Maroc)*. Thèse Doctorat 3ème cycle, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France), 123 pp.

Bayed, A., 1991. *Etude écologique des écosystèmes de plages de sable fin de la côte atlantique marocaine. Modèle de zonation, biotypologie, dynamique des populations*. Thèse Doctorat d'Etat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc, 229 pp.

Bayed, A., 2003. Influence of morphodynamic and hydroclimatic factors on the macrofauna of Moroccan sandy beaches. *Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science*, 58, 71-82.

Bayed, A., Glémarec, M., 1987. La plateforme atlantique nord-marocaine : bionomie et zoogéographie. *Oceanologica Acta*, 10, 111-121.

Bayed, A., EL Agbani, M.A., Fekhaoui, M., Schouten, J.R., 1988. Benthos of soft substrates in the intertidal zone of the Khnifiss lagoon. p. 71-80. In: *The Khnifiss Lagoon and Its Surrounding Environment (Province of Laayoune, Morocco)*. Dakki, M., Ligny, W. (Eds). Travaux Institut Scientifique, Mémoire Hors-série, Maroc.

Bayed, A., Bazaïri, H., Benhousssa, A., EL Agbani, M.A., Fekhaoui M. et al., 1998. *Diagnostic écologique de la lagune de Merja Zerga*. Rapport pour l'administration des Eaux et Forêts et de la conservation des sols et Programme MedWet, 90 pp.

Bazaïri, H., 1999. *La faune macrobenthique de la lagune de Moulay Bousselham : Structure et successions spatio-temporelles*. Thèse Doctorat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc, 199 pp.

Bazairi, H., Zourarah, B., 2001. *Faune macrobenthique de l'estuaire d'Oum Rbia : biodiversité, distribution spatiale et état de la qualité écologique*. Report GREPEN, 25 pp.

Bazairi, H., Bayed, A. 2006. *L'écosystème benthique de l'estuaire de Tahaddart : biodiversité, fonctionnement et qualité écologique*. Report WADI Project, 75 pp.

Bazairi, H., Zourarah, B., 2007. *Faune macrobenthique de l'estuaire d'Oum Rbia : biodiversité, distribution spatiale et état de la qualité écologique*. Report GREPEN, 30 pp.

Bazairi, H., Bayed, A., Hily, C., 2005. Structure et bioévaluation de l'état écologique des communautés benthiques d'un écosystème lagunaire de la côte atlantique marocaine. *Comptes Rendus Biologies*, 328, 977-990.

Bazaïri, H., Bayed, A., Hily, C., Glémarec, M., 2003. Spatial organisation of macrozoobenthic communities as a response to environmental factors in a coastal lagoon of North West African coast (Merja Zerga, Morocco). *Oceanologica Acta*, 26 (5-6), 457-471.

Bazaïri, H., Harmelin, J. G., Turpin, Y., Aghori, A., 2010. *Caractérisation des peuplements marins de l'archipel de Mogador (Atlantique, Maroc)*. Rapport du programme de coopération entre l'Initiative des Petites Îles de Méditer-ranée du Conservatoire de l'espace et littoral des rivages lacustres (République Française) et le Haut-Commissari-at aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertifica-tion, 32 pp.

Bazairi, H., Zourarah, B., El Kamcha, R., Boutoumit, S., 2017. *Faune macrobenthique de l'estuaire d'Oum Rbia : biodiversité, distribution spatiale et état de la qualité écologique*. Raport OMAZINE, 50 pp.

Belattmania, Z., Chaouti, A., Machado, M., Engelen, A., Serão, E.A. et al., 2017. *Ampelisca lusitanica* (Crustacea: Amphipoda): new species for the Atlantic coast of Morocco. *Marine Biodiversity Records*, 10 (7), 1-5.
Belattmania, Z., Chaouti, A., Reani, A., Engelen, A.H., Machado M. et al., 2018. The introduction of *Sargassum muticum* modifies epifaunal patterns in a Moroccan seagrass meadow. *Marine Ecology*, 39, 1-16.

Belattmania, Z., Chaouti, A., Reani, A., Machado, M., Engelen, A.H. et al., 2018. Similar epiphytic macrofauna inhabiting the introduced *Sargassum muticum* and native fucoids on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. *Cryptogamie, Algologie*, 39, 269-292.

Belattmania, Z., Chaouti, A., Engelen, A.H., Serrao, E. A., Machado, M. et al., 2020. Spatio-temporal variation of the epifaunal assemblages associated to *Sargassum muticum* on the NW Atlantic coast of Morocco. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*, 27 (28), 1-16.

Bellan-Santini, D., Dauvin, J.C., 1988. *Actualisation des données sur l'écologie, la biogéographie et la phylogénie des ampeliscidae (crustacés - amphipodes) atlantiques après la révision des collections d'E. Chevreux*. Aspects récents de la Biologie des Crustacés. Actes de Colloques, 8, IFREM-ER, 10 pp.

Bellan-Santini, D., Ruffo, S., 2003. Biogeography of benthic marine amphipods in Mediterranean Sea. *Biogeographia*, 24, 273-192.

Bellan-Santini, D., Menioui, M., 2004. Une nouvelle espèce d'Urothoe, Urothoe atlantica (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Urothoidae) de la côte atlantique du Maroc. *Cahiers de Biologie Marine*, 45 (4), 305-312.

Bellan-Santini, D., Dauvin, J.C., 2008. Contribution to knowledge of the genus *Haploops*, a new location for *Haploops lodo* (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampeliscidae) from the bathyal North Atlantic Ocean with a complement to the description of the species. *Journal of Natural History*, 42 (13-14), 1065-1077.

Ben Haddad, M., Lamine, I., Moukrim, A., Bergayou, H., Abou Oualid, J. et al., 2021. State diagnosis of macrozoobenthic biodiversity in the intertidal zone of the sandy coast of Taghazout (Southwestern of Morocco). *Journal of Ecological Engineering*, 22, 126-137.

Bergayou, H., Anajjar, E., Lefrère, L., Moukrim, A., Gillet, P., 2019. Recovery of an estuarine ecosystem after the stopping of wastewater discharge: intertidal macrobenthic community characterization in the estuary of Oued Souss (Southwestern Morocco). *Journal of Ecological Engineering*, 20 (11), 133-145.

Berraho, A., Somoue, L., Hernández-León, S., Valdés, L., 2015. Zooplankton in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem. p. 183-195. In: *Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem*. Valdés, L., Déniz-González, I. (Eds). IOC - UNESCO, Paris.

Bertrand, A., Zimmer, M., Almeida, C., Araujo, M., Barbraud, C. et al., 2019. *Report on tropical Atlantic marine ecosystem dynamics in the last decades*, 60 pp.

Bianchi, C., Haroun, R., Morri, C., Wirtz, P., 2000. The subtidal epibenthic communities of Puerto del Carmen (Lanzarote, Canariy Islands). *Arquipélago, Life and Marine Sciences, Supplement 2 (Part A)*, 145-155.

Bitar, G., 1987. *Etude de peuplements benthiques littoraux des côtes atlantiques et méditerranéennes du Maroc. Impact de la pollution – comparaisons biogéographiques*. Thèse Doctorat Etat, Université Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, 396 pp.

Bitar, G., 1987. Sur une collection de Crustacés et de Pycnogonides du Maroc. *Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique de Rabat*, 11, 155-166.

Boucher, D., Glémarec, M., 1974. Données préliminaires sur le benthos de la côte sud de l'Atlantique marocain, *Téthys*, 6 (1-2), 29-32.

Bououarour, O., 2013. *La macrofaune benthique des herbiers de Zostera noltii de la lagune de Moulay Bousselham (Merja Zerga): structure des communautés et état de la qualité écologique*. Mémoire Master, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco, 45 pp.

Boussalwa, H., 1987. *Dynamique de Corophium volutator d'un estuaire de Bou Regreg*. Thèse de 3ème cycle, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc, 85 pp.

Boutahar, L., 2014. *Evaluation à long terme de la macrofaune benthique dans la lagune de Oualidia (Atlantique, Maroc) entre 2006 et 2014*. Mémoire Master, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco, 105 pp.

Boutahar, L., Maanan, M., Bououarour, O., El Kamcha, R., Maanan, M. et al., 2024. Integrated assessment of a coastal lagoon ecological status based on benthic macroinvertebrates. *Research Square, PREPRINT* (Version 1). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3869621/v1 (accessed 31 May 2025)

Boutoumit, S., 2021. *Les écosystèmes benthiques des lagunes marocaines : biodiversité et fonctionnement dans le cadre des changements globaux actuels*. Thése Université de Nantes et Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc, 181 pp.

Boutoumit, S., El Kamcha, R., Bououarour, O., Joulami, L., Boutahar, L. et al., 2021. Soft-bottom macrozoobenthos in semi-enclosed coastal systems of Morocco: a latitudinal and biogeographic analysis. *Regional Studies in Marine Science*, 44, 1-12.

Boutoumit, S., Bououarour, O., El Kamcha, R., Pouzet, P., Zouararah, B. et al., 2021. Spatial patterns of macrozoobenthos assemblages in a sentinel coastal lagoon: biodiversity and environmental drivers. *Journal of Marine Science and Engineering*, 9 (5), 461.

Boutoumit, S., Maanan, M., El Kamcha, R., Bououarour, O., El Hadad, H. et al., 2022. Seasonal trends in benthic macrofauna communities and their relationship with environmental factors in an Atlantic lagoonal system. *Biologia*, 77(8), 1-18.

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Burollet, P.A., 1935. Les horizons bionomiques supérieurs de la côte atlantique marocaine au sud de Rabat. *Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques, Maroc*, 15, 109-130.

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