inclusions in UHP eclogites. Sci Adv 9:eabp9482. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abp9482

Bosch D, Bruguier O, Caby R, Buscail F, Hammor D (2016) Orogenic development of the Adrar des Iforas (Tuareg Shield, NE Mali): new geochemical and geochronological data and geodynamic implications. J Geodyn 96:104–130

Bouvier A, Vervoort JD, Patchett PJ (2008) The Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: constraints from unequilibrated chondrites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets. Earth Planet Sci Lett 273:48–57

Bussien-Grosjean D, Meisser N, May-Leresche S, Ulianov A, Vollenhanth P (2018) The Morcles microgranite (Aiguilles Rouges, Swiss Alps): geochronological and geochemical evidences for a common origin with the Vallorcine intrusion. Swiss J Geosci 111:35–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-017-0282-3

Bussy F, Hernandez J, Von Raumer J (2000) Bimodal magmatism as a consequence of the post-collisional readjustment of the thickened Variscan continental lithosphere (Aiguilles Rouges-Mont Blanc Massifs, Western Alps). Trans Roy Soc Edinb Earth Sci 91:221–233

Bussy F, Péronnet V, Ulianov A, Epard JL, Raumer J (2011) Ordovician magmatism in the external French Alps: witness of a perigondwanan active continental margin. In: International symposium on the ordovician system (11–2011; Alcalá de Henares, Madrid)

Cannic S, Lapierre H, Schärer U, Monié P, Briqueu L, Basile C (1998) Origin of hercynian magmatism in the French Western Alps: geochemical and geochronological constraints. Min Mag A 62:274–275

Carignan J, Hild P, Mevelle G, Morel J, Yeghicheyan D (2001) Routine analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow injection and low pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS: a study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N, UB-N, AN-G and GH. Geostand Newslett 25:187–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2001.tb00595.x

Carme F, Pin C (1987) Vue d'ensemble sur le magmatisme pré-orogénique et l'évolution métamorphique et tectonique varisques dans le sud de la chaîne de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes, Alpes françaises). C R Acad Sci II A 304:1177–1181

Chardon D, Aretz M, Roques D (2020) Reappraisal of Variscan tectonics in the southern French Massif Central. Tectonophysics 787:228477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228477

Chelle-Michou C, Laurent O, Moyen J-F, Block S, Paquette J-L, Couzinié S, Gardien V, Vanderhaeghe O, Villaros A, Zeh A (2017) Pre-Cadomian to late-Variscan odyssey of the eastern Massif Central, France: formation of the West European crust in a nutshell. Gondwana Res 46:170–190

Clemens JD (2012) Granitic magmatism, from source to emplacement: a personal view. Appl Earth Sci 121:107–136

Costarella R (1987) Le complexe annulaire alcalin de Combeynot (Massifs cristallins externes, Alpes françaises), témoin d'un magmatisme en régime distensif. Pétrogéochimie et signification géodynamique. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Couzinié S, Laurent O, Moyen J-F, Zeh A, Bouilhol P, Villaros A (2016) Post-collisional magmatism: crustal growth not identified by zircon Hf-O isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 456:182–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.033

Couzinié S, Bouilhol P, Laurent O, Grocolas T, Montel J-M (2022) Cambro-Ordovician ferrosilicic magmatism along the northern Gondwana margin: constraints from the Cézarenque-Joyeuse gneiss complex (French Massif Central). Bull Soc Géol Fr 193:15. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022010

De Boisset T (1986) Les enclaves basiques du granite du Rochail (sénite du Lauvitel)—Haut Dauphiné, Alpes françaises.

Pétrographie et minéralogie. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Debon F, Le Fort P (1983) A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations. Trans Roy Soc Edinb Earth Sci 73:135–149. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300010117

Debon F, Lemmet M (1999) Evolution of Mg/Fe ratios in late Variscan plutonic rocks from the External Crystalline Massifs of the Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland). J Petrology 40:1151–1185. https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.7.1151

Debon F, Guerrot C, Ménot R-P (1998) Late Variscan granites of the Belledonne Massif (French Western Alps): an Early Visean magnesian plutonism. Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 78:67–85. https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-59275

Debon F, Le Fort P (1988) A cationic classification of common plutonic rocks and their magmatic associations: principles, method, applications. Bulmi 111:493–510. https://doi.org/10.3406/bulmi.1988.8096

DePaolo DJ (1981) Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53:189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90153-9

Didier J, Duthou JL, Lameyre J (1982) Mantle and crustal granites: Genetic classification of orogenic granites and the nature of their enclaves. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 14:125–132

Dobmeier C, Pfeifer HR, Von Raumer JF (1999) The newly defined" Greenstone Unit" of the Aiguilles Rouges massif (western Alps): Remnant of an Early Palaeozoic oceanic island-arc? Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 79:263–276

Downes H, Dupuy C, Leyreloup AF (1990) Crustal evolution of the Hercynian belt of Western Europe: Evidence from lower-crustal granulitic xenoliths (French Massif Central). Chem Geol 83:209–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90281-B

Edel JB, Schulmann K, Lexa O, Lardeaux JM (2018) Late Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic and tectonic constraints for amalgamation of Pangea supercontinent in the European Variscan belt. Earth Sci Rev 177:589–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.007

Faure M, Lardeaux J-M, Ledru P (2009) A review of the pre-Permian geology of the Variscan French Massif Central. C R Geosci 341:202–213

Fernandez A, Guillot S, Ménot R-P, Ledru P (2002) Late Paleozoic polyphased tectonics in the SW Belledonne massif (external crystalline massifs, French Alps). Geodin Acta 15:127–139

Ferrando S, Lombardo B, Compagnoni R (2008) Metamorphic history of HP mafic granulites from the Gesso-Stura terrain (Argentera Massif, western Alps, Italy). Eur J Mineral 20:777–790

Finger F, Roberts MP, Haunschmid B, Schermaier A, Steyrer H-P (1997) Variscan granitoids of central Europe: their typology, potential sources and tectonothermal relations. Mineral Petrol 61(1–4):67–96

Foley SF, Venturelli G, Green DH, Toscani L (1987) The ultrapotassic rocks: Characteristics, classification, and constraints for petrogenetic models. Earth Sci Rev 24:81–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90001-8

Franke W, Cocks LRM, Torsvik TH (2017) The Palaeozoic Variscan oceans revisited. Gondwana Res 48:257–284

Fréville K, Trap P, Faure M, Melleton J, Li X-H, Lin W, Blein O, Bruguier O, Poujol M (2018) Structural, metamorphic and geochronological insights on the Variscan evolution of the Alpine basement in the Belledonne Massif (France). Tectonophysics 726:14–42

Fréville K, Trap P, Vanardois J, Melleton J, Faure M, Bruguier O, Poujol M, Lach P (2022) Carboniferous-Permian tectono-morphic evolution of the Pelvoux Massif (External Crystalline Massif, Western Alps), with discussion on flow kinematics of
the Eastern-Variscan Shear Zone. Bull Soc Géol Fr 193:13. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022008

Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Petrol 42(11):2033–2048

Galli A, Le Bayon B, Schmidt MW, Burg J-P, Caddick MJ, Reusser E (2011) Granulites and charnockites of the Gruf Complex: Evidence for Permian ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the Central Alps. Lithos 124:17–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.08.003

García-Arias M, Díez-Montes A, Villaseca C, Blanco-Quintero IF (2018) The Cambro-Ordovician Ollo de Sapo magmatism in the Iberian Massif and its Variscan evolution: A review. Earth Sci Rev 176:345–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.004

Gasquet D (1979) Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale des terrains cristallins de Belledonne et du Grand Chatelard traversés par les galeries E.D.F. Arc-Isère- Alpes Françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Gaynor SP, Ruiz M, Schaltegger U (2022) The importance of high precision in the evaluation of U–Pb zircon age spectra. Chem Geol 603:120913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120913

Giorgi L (1979) Contribution à l'étude géologique des terrains cristallins du Massif des Grandes Rousses. Isère- France - Alpes. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Grandjean V, Guillot S, Pecher A (1996) A new record of the LP-HT late-Variscan metamorphism: The Peyre-Arguet unit (Haut-Dau-phine). C R Acad Sci II A 322:189–195

Griffin WL (2008) GLITTER: data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS. Laser Ablation ICP-MS in the Earth Sciences: Current practices and outstanding issues: 308–311

Guerrot C, Debon F (2000) U–Pb zircon dating of two contrasting Late Variscan plutonic suites from the Pelvoux massif (French Western Alps). Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 80:249–256

Guillot S, Menot R (1999) Nappe stacking and first evidence of Late Variscan extension in the Belledonne Massif (External Crystalline Massifs, French Alps). Geodin Acta 12:97–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0985-3111(99)80026-6

Guillot S, Ménot R-P (2009) Paleozoic evolution of the External Crystalline Massifs of the Western Alps. C R Geosci 341:253–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2008.11.010

Guillot S, di Paola S, Ménot R-P, Ledru P, Spalla MI, Gosso G, Schwartz S (2009) Suture zones and importance of strike-slip faulting for Variscan geodynamic reconstructions of the External Crystalline Massifs of the western Alps. Bull Soc Géol Fr 180:483–500

Harlov DE, Austrheim H (2013) Metasomatism and the chemical transformation of rock: rock–mineral–fluid interaction in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Metasomatism and the chemical transformation of rock. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–16

Hora JM, Tabaud A-S, Janoušek V, Erban Kochergina YV (2021) Potassic magmas of the Vosges Mts. (NE France) delimit the areal extent and nature of long-gone Variscan orogenic mantle domains. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106304

Horstwood MSA, Košler J, Gehrels G, Jackson SE, McLean NM, Paton C, Pearson NJ, Sircombe K, Sylvester P, Vermeesch P, Bowring JF, Condon DJ, Schoene B (2016) Community-derived standards for LA–ICP–MS U–(Th–)Pb geochronology—uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting. Geostand Geoanal Res 40:311–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2016.00379.x

Hoskin PWO, Schaltegger U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Rev Mineral Geochem 53:27–62. https://doi.org/10.2113/0530027

Jackson SE, Pearson NJ, Griffin WL, Belousova EA (2004) The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology. Chem Geol 211:47–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.017

Jacob J-B, Guillot S, Rubatto D, Janots E, Melleton J, Faure M (2021a) Carboniferous high-P metamorphism and deformation in the Belledonne Massif (Western Alps). J Metamorph Geol 39:1009–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12600

Jacob J-B, Moyen J-F, Fiannacca P, Laurent O, Bachmann O, Janoušek V, Farina F, Villaros A (2021b) Crustal melting vs. fractionation of basaltic magmas: Part 2, Attempting to quantify mantle and crustal contributions in granitoids. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106292

Jacob J-B, Janots E, Guillot S, Rubatto D, Fréville K, Melleton J, Faure M (2022) HT overprint of HP granulites in the Oisans-Pelvoux massif: Implications for the dynamics of the Variscan collision in the external western Alps. Lithos 416–417:106650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106650

Jacob J-B, Janots E, Cordier C, Guillot S (2023) Discovery of Variscan orogenic peridotites in the Pelvoux Massif (Western Alps, France). Bull Soc Géol Fr 194:2. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022021

Janoušek V, Holub FV (2007) The causal link between HP-HT metamorphism and ultrapotassic magmatism in collisional orogens: case study from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Proc Geol Assoc 118:75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(07)80049-6

Janoušek V, Wiegand BA, Žák J (2010) Dating the onset of Variscan crustal exhumation in the core of the Bohemian Massif: new U–Pb single zircon ages from the high-K calc-alkaline granodiorites of the Blatná suite, Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex. JGS 167:347–360. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492009-008

Janoušek V, Aichler J, Hanžl P, Gerdes A, Erban V, Žáček V, Pecina V, Pudilová M, Hrdličková K, Mixa P, Žáčková E (2014) Constraining genesis and geotectonic setting of metavolcanic complexes: a multidisciplinary study of the Devonian Vrbno Group (Hrubý Jeseník Mts., Czech Republic). Int J Earth Sci 103:455–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0975-4

Janoušek V, Bonin B, Collins WJ, Farina F, Bowden P (2019) Post-Archean granitic rocks: contrasting petrogenetic processes and tectonic environments. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 491:1–8

Janoušek V, Hanžl P, Svojtka M, Hora JM, Kochergina YVE, Gadas P, Holub FV, Gerdes A, Verner K, Hrdličková K, Daly JS, Buriánek D (2020) Ultrapotassic magmatism in the heyday of the Variscan Orogeny: the story of the Třebíč Pluton, the largest durbachitic body in the Bohemian Massif. Int J Earth Sci 109:1767–1810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01872-2

Janoušek V, Erban Kochergina YV, Andronikov AV, Kusbach VK (2022) Decoupling of Mg from Sr–Nd isotopic compositions in Variscan subduction-related plutonic rocks from the Bohemian Massif: implications for mantle enrichment processes andogenesis of orogenic ultrapotassic magmatic rocks. Int J Earth Sci 111:1491–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02199-w

Kunz BE, Manzotti P, von Niederhäusern B, Engi M, Darling JR, Giuntoli F, Lanari P (2018) Permian high-temperature metamorphism in the Western Alps (NW Italy). Int J Earth Sci 107:203–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1485-6

Lardeaux JM, Schulmann K, Faure M, Janoušek V, Lexa O, Skrzypek E, Edel JB, Stípská P (2014) The moldanubian zone in the French Massif Central, Vosges/Schwarzwald and Bohemian Massif revisited: differences and similarities. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 405:7–44

Laurent JC (1992) Les épisodes magmatiques filoniens basiques du Massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux entre Carbonifère et Lias. Doctoral dissertation, Université Joseph-Fourier-Grenoble I
the Eastern-Variscan Shear Zone. Bull Soc Géol Fr 193:13. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022008

Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Petrol 42(11):2033-2048

Galli A, Le Bayon B, Schmidt MW, Burg J-P, Caddick MJ, Reusser E (2011) Granulites and charnockites of the Gruf Complex: Evidence for Permian ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the Central Alps. Lithos 124:17-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.08.003

García-Arias M, Díez-Montes A, Villaseca C, Blanco-Quintero IF (2018) The Cambro-Ordovician Ollo de Sapo magmatism in the Iberian Massif and its Variscan evolution: A review. Earth Sci Rev 176:345-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.004

Gasquet D (1979) Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale des terrains cristallins de Belledonne et du Grand Chatelard traversés par les galeries E.D.F. Arc-Isère- Alpes Françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Gaynor SP, Ruiz M, Schaltegger U (2022) The importance of high precision in the evaluation of U-Pb zircon age spectra. Chem Geol 603:120913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120913

Giorgi L (1979) Contribution à l'étude géologique des terrains cristallins du Massif des Grandes Rousses. Isère- France - Alpes. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Grandjean V, Guillot S, Pecher A (1996) A new record of the LP-HT late-Variscan metamorphism: The Peyre-Arguet unit (Haut-Dau-phine). C R Acad Sci II A 322:189-195

Griffin WL (2008) GLITTER: data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS. Laser Ablation ICP-MS in the Earth Sciences: Current practices and outstanding issues: 308-311

Guerrot C, Debon F (2000) U-Pb zircon dating of two contrasting Late Variscan plutonic suites from the Pelvoux massif (French Western Alps). Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 80:249-256

Guillot S, Menot R (1999) Nappe stacking and first evidence of Late Variscan extension in the Belledonne Massif (External Crystalline Massifs, French Alps). Geodin Acta 12:97-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0985-3111(99)80026-6

Guillot S, Ménot R-P (2009) Paleozoic evolution of the External Crystalline Massifs of the Western Alps. C R Geosci 341:253-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2008.11.010

Guillot S, di Paola S, Ménot R-P, Ledru P, Spalla MI, Gosso G, Schwartz S (2009) Suture zones and importance of strike-slip faulting for Variscan geodynamic reconstructions of the External Crystalline Massifs of the western Alps. Bull Soc Géol Fr 180:483-500

Harlov DE, Austrheim H (2013) Metasomatism and the chemical transformation of rock: rock-mineral-fluid interaction in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Metasomatism and the chemical transformation of rock. Springer, Berlin, pp 1-16

Hora JM, Tabaud A-S, Janoušek V, Erban Kochergina YV (2021) Potassic magmas of the Vosges Mts. (NE France) delimit the areal extent and nature of long-gone Variscan orogenic mantle domains. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106304

Horstwood MSA, Košler J, Gehrels G, Jackson SE, McLean NM, Paton C, Pearson NJ, Sircombe K, Sylvester P, Vermeesch P, Bowring JF, Condon DJ, Schoene B (2016) Community-derived standards for LA-ICP-MS U-(Th-)Pb geochronology—uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting. Geostand Geoanal Res 40:311-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2016.00379.x

Hoskin PWO, Schaltegger U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Rev Mineral Geochem 53:27-62. https://doi.org/10.2113/0530027

Jackson SE, Pearson NJ, Griffin WL, Belousova EA (2004) The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to in situ U-Pb zircon geochronology. Chem Geol 211:47-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.017

Jacob J-B, Guillot S, Rubatto D, Janots E, Melleton J, Faure M (2021a) Carboniferous high-P metamorphism and deformation in the Belledonne Massif (Western Alps). J Metamorph Geol 39:1009-1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12600

Jacob J-B, Moyen J-F, Fiannacca P, Laurent O, Bachmann O, Janoušek V, Farina F, Villaros A (2021b) Crustal melting vs. fractionation of basaltic magmas: Part 2, Attempting to quantify mantle and crustal contributions in granitoids. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106292

Jacob J-B, Janots E, Guillot S, Rubatto D, Fréville K, Melleton J, Faure M (2022) HT overprint of HP granulites in the Oisans-Pelvoux massif: Implications for the dynamics of the Variscan collision in the external western Alps. Lithos 416-417:106650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106650

Jacob J-B, Janots E, Cordier C, Guillot S (2023) Discovery of Variscan orogenic peridotites in the Pelvoux Massif (Western Alps, France). Bull Soc Géol Fr 194:2. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022021

Janoušek V, Holub FV (2007) The causal link between HP-HT metamorphism and ultrapotassic magmatism in collisional orogens: case study from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Proc Geol Assoc 118:75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(07)80049-6

Janoušek V, Wiegand BA, Žák J (2010) Dating the onset of Variscan crustal exhumation in the core of the Bohemian Massif: new U-Pb single zircon ages from the high-K calc-alkaline granodiorites of the Blatná suite, Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex. JGS 167:347-360. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492009-008

Janoušek V, Aichler J, Hanžl P, Gerdes A, Erban V, Žáček V, Pecina V, Pudilová M, Hrdličková K, Mixa P, Žáčková E (2014) Constraining genesis and geotectonic setting of metavolcanic complexes: a multidisciplinary study of the Devonian Vrbno Group (Hrubý Jeseník Mts., Czech Republic). Int J Earth Sci 103:455-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0975-4

Janoušek V, Bonin B, Collins WJ, Farina F, Bowden P (2019) Post-Archean granitic rocks: contrasting petrogenetic processes and tectonic environments. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 491:1-8

Janoušek V, Hanžl P, Svojtka M, Hora JM, Kochergina YVE, Gadas P, Holub FV, Gerdes A, Verner K, Hrdličková K, Daly JS, Buriánek D (2020) Ultrapotassic magmatism in the heyday of the Variscan Orogeny: the story of the Třebíč Pluton, the largest durbachitic body in the Bohemian Massif. Int J Earth Sci 109:1767-1810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01872-2

Janoušek V, Erban Kochergina YV, Andronikov AV, Kusbach VK (2022) Decoupling of Mg from Sr-Nd isotopic compositions in Variscan subduction-related plutonic rocks from the Bohemian Massif: implications for mantle enrichment processes andogenesis of orogenic ultrapotassic magmatic rocks. Int J Earth Sci 111:1491-1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02199-w

Kunz BE, Manzotti P, von Niederhäusern B, Engi M, Darling JR, Giuntoli F, Lanari P (2018) Permian high-temperature metamorphism in the Western Alps (NW Italy). Int J Earth Sci 107:203-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1485-6

Lardeaux JM, Schulmann K, Faure M, Janoušek V, Lexa O, Skrzypek E, Edel JB, Stípská P (2014) The moldanubian zone in the French Massif Central, Vosges/Schwarzwald and Bohemian Massif revisited: differences and similarities. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 405:7-44

Laurent JC (1992) Les épisodes magmatiques filoniens basiques du Massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux entre Carbonifère et Lias. Doctoral dissertation, Université Joseph-Fourier-Grenoble I
Laurent O, Couzinié S, Zeh A, Vanderhaeghe O, Moyen J-F, Villaros A, Gardien V, Chelle-Michou C (2017) Protracted, coeval crust and mantle melting during Variscan late-orogenic evolution: U-Pb dating in the eastern French Massif Central. *Int J Earth Sci* 106:421–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1434-9

Le Fort P (1971) Géologie du Haut-Dauphiné cristallin (Alpes Française): Etudes pétrologique et structurale de la partie occidentale. Doctoral dissertation, Université Nancy I

Ledru P, Courrioux G, Dallain C, Lardeaux JM, Montel JM, Vanderhaeghe O, Vitel G (2001) The Velay dome (French Massif Central): melt generation and granite emplacement during orogenic evolution. *Tectonophysics* 342:207–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00165-2

Linnemann U, Gerdes A, Hofmann M, Marko L (2014) The Cadomian Orogen: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian crustal growth and orogenic zoning along the periphery of the West African Craton—Constraints from U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopes (Schwarzburg Antiform, Germany). *Precambr Res* 244:236–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.08.007

Linnen RL, Keppler H (1997) Columbite solubility in granitic melts: consequences for the enrichment and fractionation of Nb and Ta in the Earth's crust. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 128:213–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050304

Luais B, Telouk P, Albaréde F (1997) Precise and accurate neodymium isotopic measurements by plasma-source mass spectrometry. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 61:4847–4854

Ludwig KR (2003) User's manual for IsoPlot 3.0. A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel 71

Lugmair GW, Marti K (1978) Lunar initial 143Nd/144Nd: differential evolution of the lunar crust and mantle. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 39:349–357

Maierová P, Schulmann K, Štípská P, Gerya T, Lexa O (2021) Translithospheric diapirism explains the presence of ultra-high pressure rocks in the European Variscides. *Commun Earth Environ* 2:56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00122-w

Manzotti P, Ballèvre M, Poujol M (2016) Detrital zircon geochronology in the Dora-Maira and Zone Houillère: a record of sediment travel paths in the Carboniferous. *Terra Nova* 28:279–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12219

Martínez Catalán JR, Schulmann K, Ghienne J-F (2021) The Mid-Variscan Allochthon: Keys from correlation, partial retroformation and plate-tectonic reconstruction to unlock the geometry of a non-cylindrical belt. *Earth Sci Rev* 220:103700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103700

Medaris G, Ackerman L, Jelínek E, Michels ZD, Erban V, Kotková J (2015) Depletion, cryptic metasomatism, and modal metasomatism (refertilization) of Variscan lithospheric mantle: evidence from major elements, trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Os isotopes in a Saxothuringian garnet peridotite. *Lithos* 226:81–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.10.007

Melleton J, Cocherie A, Faure M, Rossi P (2010) Precambrian protoliths and Early Paleozoic magmatism in the French Massif Central: U–Pb data and the North Gondwana connection in the west European Variscan belt. *Gondwana Res* 17:13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.05.007

Ménot R-P (1986) Les formations plutono-volcaniques dévoniennes de Rioupéroux-Livet (Massifs cristallins externes des Alpes Françaises): nouvelles définitions lithostratigraphique et pétrographique. *Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt* 66:229–258

Ménot R-P (1987) Magmatismes et structuration orogénique paléozoiques de la chaine de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes alpins). Le domaine sud-occidental. *Géol Alpine* 63:55–93

Ménot RP (1988) An overview of the geology of the Belledonne massif (external crystalline massifs of Western Alps). *Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt* 70:33–53

Ménot R-P, Bonhomme MG, Vivier G (1987) Structuration tectonométamorphique carbonifère dans le massif de Belledonne (Alpes Occidentales françaises), apport de la géochronologie K/Ar des amphiboles. *Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt* 67:273–284

Ménot RP, Paquette JL (1993) Geodynamic significance of basic and bimodal magmatism in the external domain. In: Pre-mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, pp 241–254

Moyen J-F (2009) High Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios: the meaning of the “adakitic signature.” *Lithos* 112(3-4):556–574

Moyen J-F, Laurent O, Chelle-Michou C, Couzinié S, Vanderhaeghe O, Zeh A, Villaros A, Gardien V (2017) Collision vs. subduction-related magmatism: two contrasting ways of granite formation and implications for crustal growth. *Lithos* 277:154–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.09.018

Moyen J-F, Janoušek V, Laurent O, Bachmann O, Jacob J-B, Farina F, Fiannacca P, Villaros A (2021) Crustal melting vs. fractionation of basaltic magmas: Part 1, granites and paradigms. *Lithos* 402–403:106291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106291

Negga HS (1984) Comportement de l'uranium lors des métamorphismes tardi-hercinien et alpin dans les massifs des Aiguilles rouges et de Belledone (Vallorcine, Lauzière). *Alpes occidentales. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lorraine*

Oliver RA (1994) Géologie et géochimie des granitoides et des roches basique associées du Valsenestre : place dans la province magmatic varisque des massifs cristallins externes du Haut Dauphiné (Alpes occidentales françaises). *Doctoral dissertation, Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I*

Paquette JL, Menot RP, Peucat JJ (1989) REE, Sm-Nd and U–Pb zircon study of eclogites from the Alpine External Massifs (Western Alps): evidence for crustal contamination. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 96:181–198

Parrish RR, Parrish RR, Noble SR (2003) Zircon U–Th–Pb geochronology by isotope dilution—thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). *Rev Mineral Geochem* 53:183–213

Paton C, Hellstrom J, Paul B, Woodhead J, Hergt J (2011) Iolite: Freeware for the visualisation and processing of mass spectrometric data. *J Anal at Spectrom* 26:2508–2518. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JA10172B

Peccerillo A, Taylor SR (1976) Geochemistry of eocene calc-al alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 58:63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745

Pecher A (1970) Etude pétrographique de la partie orientale du massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux: le socle ancien - Alpes françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Pin C, Paquette J-L (1997) A mantle-derived bimodal suite in the Hercynian Belt: Nd isotope and trace element evidence for a subduction-related rift origin of the Late Devonian Brévenne metavolcanics, Massif Central (France). *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 129:222–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050334

Pin C, Zalduegui JS (1997) Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. *Anal Chim Acta* 339:79–89

Pitcher WS (1987) Granites and yet more granites forty years on. *Geol Rundsch* 76:51–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820573

Poncerry E (1981) Contribution à l'étude géologique des granitoïdes de Vallorcine, Beaufort, Lauzière, de leur encaissant et des minéralisations uranifères associées. *Alpes Françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble*

Profeta L, Ducea MN, Chapman JB, Paterson SR, Gonzales SMH, Kirsch M, Petrescu L, DeCelles PG (2015) Quantifying crustal thickness over time in magmatic arcs. *Sci Rep* 5:17786. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17786

Rossi P, Cocherie A (1991) Genesis of a Variscan batholith: Field, petrological and mineralogical evidence from the Corsica-Sardinia
Laurent O, Couzinié S, Zeh A, Vanderhaeghe O, Moyen J-F, Villaros A, Gardien V, Chelle-Michou C (2017) Protracted, coeval crust and mantle melting during Variscan late-orogenic evolution: U-Pb dating in the eastern French Massif Central. *Int J Earth Sci* 106:421–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1434-9

Le Fort P (1971) Géologie du Haut-Dauphiné cristallin (Alpes Française): Etudes pétrologique et structurale de la partie occidentale. Doctoral dissertation, Université Nancy I

Ledru P, Courrioux G, Dallain C, Lardeaux JM, Montel JM, Vanderhaeghe O, Vitel G (2001) The Velay dome (French Massif Central): melt generation and granite emplacement during orogenic evolution. *Tectonophysics* 342:207–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00165-2

Linnemann U, Gerdes A, Hofmann M, Marko L (2014) The Cadomian Orogen: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian crustal growth and orogenic zoning along the periphery of the West African Craton—Constraints from U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopes (Schwarzburg Antiform, Germany). *Precambr Res* 244:236–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.08.007

Linnen RL, Keppler H (1997) Columbite solubility in granitic melts: consequences for the enrichment and fractionation of Nb and Ta in the Earth's crust. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 128:213–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050304

Luais B, Telouk P, Albaréde F (1997) Precise and accurate neodymium isotopic measurements by plasma-source mass spectrometry. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 61:4847–4854

Ludwig KR (2003) User's manual for IsoPlot 3.0. A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel 71

Lugmair GW, Marti K (1978) Lunar initial 143Nd/144Nd: differential evolution of the lunar crust and mantle. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 39:349–357

Maierová P, Schulmann K, Štípská P, Gerya T, Lexa O (2021) Translithospheric diapirism explains the presence of ultra-high pressure rocks in the European Variscides. *Commun Earth Environ* 2:56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00122-w

Manzotti P, Ballèvre M, Poujol M (2016) Detrital zircon geochronology in the Dora-Maira and Zone Houillère: a record of sediment travel paths in the Carboniferous. *Terra Nova* 28:279–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12219

Martínez Catalán JR, Schulmann K, Ghienne J-F (2021) The Mid-Variscan Allochthon: Keys from correlation, partial retroformation and plate-tectonic reconstruction to unlock the geometry of a non-cylindrical belt. *Earth Sci Rev* 220:103700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103700

Medaris G, Ackerman L, Jelínek E, Michels ZD, Erban V, Kotková J (2015) Depletion, cryptic metasomatism, and modal metasomatism (refertilization) of Variscan lithospheric mantle: evidence from major elements, trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Os isotopes in a Saxothuringian garnet peridotite. *Lithos* 226:81–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.10.007

Melleton J, Cocherie A, Faure M, Rossi P (2010) Precambrian protoliths and Early Paleozoic magmatism in the French Massif Central: U–Pb data and the North Gondwana connection in the west European Variscan belt. *Gondwana Res* 17:13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.05.007

Ménot R-P (1986) Les formations plutono-volcaniques dévoniennes de Rioupéroux-Livet (Massifs cristallins externes des Alpes Françaises): nouvelles définitions lithostratigraphique et pétrographique. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 66:229–258

Ménot R-P (1987) Magmatismes et structuration orogénique paléozoiques de la chaine de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes alpins). Le domaine sud-occidental. Géol Alpine 63:55–93

Ménot RP (1988) An overview of the geology of the Belledonne massif (external crystalline massifs of Western Alps). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 70:33–53

Ménot R-P, Bonhomme MG, Vivier G (1987) Structuration tectonométamorphique carbonifère dans le massif de Belledonne (Alpes Occidentales françaises), apport de la géochronologie K/Ar des amphiboles. Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 67:273–284

Ménot RP, Paquette JL (1993) Geodynamic significance of basic and bimodal magmatism in the external domain. In: Pre-mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, pp 241–254

Moyen J-F (2009) High Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios: the meaning of the “adakitic signature.” Lithos 112(3-4):556–574

Moyen J-F, Laurent O, Chelle-Michou C, Couzinié S, Vanderhaeghe O, Zeh A, Villaros A, Gardien V (2017) Collision vs. subduction-related magmatism: two contrasting ways of granite formation and implications for crustal growth. *Lithos* 277:154–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.09.018

Moyen J-F, Janoušek V, Laurent O, Bachmann O, Jacob J-B, Farina F, Fiannacca P, Villaros A (2021) Crustal melting vs. fractionation of basaltic magmas: Part 1, granites and paradigms. *Lithos* 402–403:106291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106291

Negga HS (1984) Comportement de l'uranium lors des métamorphismes tardi-hercinien et alpin dans les massifs des Aiguilles rouges et de Belledone (Vallorcine, Lauzière). Alpes occidentales. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lorraine

Oliver RA (1994) Géologie et géochimie des granitoides et des roches basique associées du Valsenestre : place dans la province magmatic varisque des massifs cristallins externes du Haut Dauphiné (Alpes occidentales françaises). Doctoral dissertation, Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I

Paquette JL, Menot RP, Peucat JJ (1989) REE, Sm-Nd and U–Pb zircon study of eclogites from the Alpine External Massifs (Western Alps): evidence for crustal contamination. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 96:181–198

Parrish RR, Parrish RR, Noble SR (2003) Zircon U–Th–Pb geochronology by isotope dilution—thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). *Rev Mineral Geochem* 53:183–213

Paton C, Hellstrom J, Paul B, Woodhead J, Hergt J (2011) Iolite: Freeware for the visualisation and processing of mass spectrometric data. *J Anal at Spectrom* 26:2508–2518. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JA10172B

Peccerillo A, Taylor SR (1976) Geochemistry of eocene calc-al alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 58:63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745

Pecher A (1970) Etude pétrographique de la partie orientale du massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux: le socle ancien - Alpes françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Pin C, Paquette J-L (1997) A mantle-derived bimodal suite in the Hercynian Belt: Nd isotope and trace element evidence for a subduction-related rift origin of the Late Devonian Brévenne metavolcanics, Massif Central (France). *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 129:222–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050334

Pin C, Zalduegui JS (1997) Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. *Anal Chim Acta* 339:79–89

Pitcher WS (1987) Granites and yet more granites forty years on. Geol Rundsch 76:51–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820573

Poncerry E (1981) Contribution à l'étude géologique des granitoïdes de Vallorcine, Beaufort, Lauzière, de leur encaissant et des minéralisations uranifères associées. Alpes Françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Profeta L, Ducea MN, Chapman JB, Paterson SR, Gonzales SMH, Kirsch M, Petrescu L, DeCelles PG (2015) Quantifying crustal thickness over time in magmatic arcs. *Sci Rep* 5:17786. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17786

Rossi P, Cocherie A (1991) Genesis of a Variscan batholith: Field, petrological and mineralogical evidence from the Corsica-Sardinia
Batholith. Tectonophysics 195:319-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0040-1951(91)90219-1

Rubatto D, Ferrando S, Compagnoni R, Lombardo B (2010) Carbon-
iferous high-pressure metamorphism of Ordovician protoliths in
the Argentera Massif (Italy), Southern European Variscan belt.
Lithos 116:65-76

Ruiz M, Schaltegger U, Gaynor SP, Chiaradia M, Abrecht J, Gisler
C, Giovanoli F, Wiederkehr M (2022) Reassessing the intrusive
tempo and magma genesis of the late Variscan Aar batholith: U-
Pb geochronology, trace element and initial Hf isotope composi-
tion of zircon. Swiss J Geosci 115:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s00015-022-00420-1

Salters VJM, Stracke A (2004) Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003G C000597

Scambelluri M, Hermann J, Morten L, Rampone E (2006) Melt- versus fluid-induced metasomatism in spinel to garnet wedge peridotites (Ulten Zone, Eastern Italian Alps): clues from trace element and Li abundances. Contrib Mineral Petrol 151:372-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0064-9

Schaltegger U (1997) Magma pulses in the Central Variscan Belt: episodic melt generation and emplacement during lithospheric thinning. Terra Nova 9:242-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00021.x

Schaltegger U, Davies JHFL (2017) Petrochronology of zircon and baddeleyite in igneous rocks: reconstructing magmatic processes at high temporal resolution. Rev Mineral Geochem 83:297-328. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2017.83.10

Schaltegger U, Abrecht J, Corfu F (2003) The Ordovician orogeny in the Alpine basement: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry in the Aar Massif (Central Alps). Swiss Bull Mineral Petrol 83:183-239

Schaltegger U, Nowak A, Ulianov A, Fisher CM, Gerdes A, Spikings R, Whitehouse MJ, Bindeman I, Hanchar JM, Duff J, Vervoort JD, Sheldrake T, Caricchi L, Brack P, Müntener O (2019) Zircon Petrochronology and 40Ar/39Ar Thermochronology of the Adamello Intrusive Suite, N. Italy: Monitoring the Growth and Decay of an Incrementally Assembled Magmatic System. J Petrol 60:701-722. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz010

Schulmann K, Konopásek J, Janoušek V, Lexa O, Lardeaux J-M, Edel J-B, Štípská P, Ulrich S (2009) An Andean type Palaeozoic convergence in the Bohemian Massif. C R Geosci 341:266-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2008.12.006

Schulmann K, Catalán J-RM, Lardeaux J-M, Janoušek V, Oggiano G (2014) The Variscan orogeny: extent, timescale and the formation of the European crust. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 405:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP405.15

Schuster R, Stüwe K (2008) Permian metamorphic event in the Alps. Geology 36:603-606. https://doi.org/10.1130/G24703A.1

Simeon Y (1979) Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale des terrains cristallins de Belledonne entre l'Arc et l'Isère (Alpes françaises). Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Simien F, Mattauer M, Allègre CJ (1999) Nd Isotopes in the Strati-
graphic Record of the Montagne Noire (French Massif Central):
no significant paleozoic Juvenile Inputs, and Pre-Hercynian Pale-
ogeography. J Geol 107:87-97. https://doi.org/10.1086/314332

Simonetti M, Carosi R, Montomoli C, Langone A, D'Addario E, Mam-
moliti E (2018) Kinematic and geochronological constraints on
shear deformation in the Ferriere-Mollières shear zone (Argen-
tera-Mercantour Massif, Western Alps): implications for the
evolution of the Southern European Variscan Belt. Int J Earth
Sci 107:2163-2189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1593-y

Simonetti M, Carosi R, Montomoli C, Cottle JM, Law RD (2020)
Transpressive Deformation in the Southern European Variscan

Belt: New Insights From the Aiguilles Rouges Massif (Western
Alps). Tectonics 39:e2020TC006153. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2020TC006153

Skrzypek E, Tabaud A-S, Edel J-B, Schulmann K, Cocherie A, Guerrot
C, Rossi P (2012) The significance of Late Devonian ophiolites
in the Variscan orogen: a record from the Vosges Klippen Belt.
Int J Earth Sci (geol Rundsch) 101:951-972. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00531-011-0709-4

Sláma J, Košler J, Condon DJ, Crowley JL, Gerdes A, Hanchar JM, Horstwood MSA, Morris GA, Nasdala L, Norberg N, Schaltegger U, Schoene B, Tubrett MN, Whitehouse MJ (2008) Plešovice zircon—a new natural reference material for U-Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. Chem Geol 249:1-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005

Soder CG, Romer RL (2018) Post-collisional potassic-ultrapotassic magmatism of the variscan orogen: implications for mantle metasomatism during continental subduction. J Petrol 59:1007-1034. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy053

Soejono I, Machek M, Sláma J, Janoušek V, Kohút M (2020) Cam-
bro-Ordovician anatexis and magmatic recycling at the thinned
Gondwana margin: new constraints from the Kouřim Unit, Bohe-
mian Massif. J Geol Soc 177:325-341. https://doi.org/10.1144/
jgs2019-037

Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: Con-
vention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronol-
ogy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36:359-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0012-821X(77)90060-7

Stephan T, Kroner U, Romer RL (2019) The pre-orogenic detrital zir-
con record of the Peri-Gondwanan crust. Geol Mag 156:281-
307. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756818000031

Storck J-C, Laurent O, Karakas O, Wotzlaw J-F, Galli A, Sinigoi S, Bachmann O, Chelle-Michou C (2021) Mantle versus crustal contributions in crustal-scale magmatic systems (Sesia Magmatic System, northern Italy) from coupling Hf isotopes and numerical modelling. Contrib Mineral Petrol 176(11):95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01847-9

Strzerzynski P, Guillot S, Courrioux G, Ledru P (2005) Modélisation géométrique 3D des granites stéphaniens du massif du Pelvoux (Alpes, France). C R Geosci 337:1284-1292

Sun S-S, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 42:313-345

Sundell K, Laskowski A, Kapp P, Ducea M, Chapman J (2021) Jurassic to neogene quantitative crustal thickness estimates in southern tibet. GSAT 31:4-10. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG461A.1

Tabaud A-S, Janoušek V, Skrzypek E, Schulmann K, Rossi P, White-
church H, Guerrot C, Paquette J-L (2015) Chronology, petro-
genesis and heat sources for successive Carboniferous mag-
matic events in the Southern-Central Variscan Vosges Mts (NE
France). J Geol Soc London 172:87-102

Tanaka T, Togashi S, Kamioka H, Amakawa H, Kagami H, Hamamoto
T, Yuhara M, Orihashi Y, Yoneda S, Shimizu H (2000) JNdi-
1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla
neodymium. Chem Geol 168(3-4):279-281

Teyssier C, Whitney DL (2002) Gneiss domes and orogeny. Geology
30:1139-1142

Vanardois J, Lahfid A, Trap P, Lacroix B, Roger F, Guillou-Frottier L, Marquer D, Paquette J-L, Melleton J (2022a) Thermal evolution of a Variscan syn-orogenic intracontinental basin (Servoz basin, Western Alps): RSCM geothermometry and geochronology. Swiss J Geosci 115:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-022-00423-y

Vanardois J, Roger F, Trap P, Goncalves P, Lanari P, Paquette J-L, Mar-
quer D, Cagnard F, Le Bayon B, Melleton J (2022b) Exhumation
of deep continental crust in a transpressive regime: the example
Batholith. Tectonophysics 195:319-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0040-1951(91)90219-1

Rubatto D, Ferrando S, Compagnoni R, Lombardo B (2010) Carbon-
iferous high-pressure metamorphism of Ordovician protoliths in
the Argentera Massif (Italy), Southern European Variscan belt.
Lithos 116:65-76

Ruiz M, Schaltegger U, Gaynor SP, Chiaradia M, Abrecht J, Gisler
C, Giovanoli F, Wiederkehr M (2022) Reassessing the intrusive
tempo and magma genesis of the late Variscan Aar batholith: U-
Pb geochronology, trace element and initial Hf isotope composi-
tion of zircon. Swiss J Geosci 115:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s00015-022-00420-1

Salters VJM, Stracke A (2004) Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003G C000597

Scambelluri M, Hermann J, Morten L, Rampone E (2006) Melt- versus fluid-induced metasomatism in spinel to garnet wedge peridotites (Ulten Zone, Eastern Italian Alps): clues from trace element and Li abundances. Contrib Mineral Petrol 151:372-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0064-9

Schaltegger U (1997) Magma pulses in the Central Variscan Belt: episodic melt generation and emplacement during lithospheric thinning. Terra Nova 9:242-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00021.x

Schaltegger U, Davies JHFL (2017) Petrochronology of zircon and baddeleyite in igneous rocks: reconstructing magmatic processes at high temporal resolution. Rev Mineral Geochem 83:297-328. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2017.83.10

Schaltegger U, Abrecht J, Corfu F (2003) The Ordovician orogeny in the Alpine basement: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry in the Aar Massif (Central Alps). Swiss Bull Mineral Petrol 83:183-239

Schaltegger U, Nowak A, Ulianov A, Fisher CM, Gerdes A, Spikings R, Whitehouse MJ, Bindeman I, Hanchar JM, Duff J, Vervoort JD, Sheldrake T, Caricchi L, Brack P, Müntener O (2019) Zircon Petrochronology and 40Ar/39Ar Thermochronology of the Adamello Intrusive Suite, N. Italy: Monitoring the Growth and Decay of an Incrementally Assembled Magmatic System. J Petrol 60:701-722. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz010

Schulmann K, Konopásek J, Janoušek V, Lexa O, Lardeaux J-M, Edel J-B, Štípská P, Ulrich S (2009) An Andean type Palaeozoic convergence in the Bohemian Massif. C R Geosci 341:266-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2008.12.006

Schulmann K, Catalán J-RM, Lardeaux J-M, Janoušek V, Oggiano G (2014) The Variscan orogeny: extent, timescale and the formation of the European crust. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 405:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP405.15

Schuster R, Stüwe K (2008) Permian metamorphic event in the Alps. Geology 36:603-606. https://doi.org/10.1130/G24703A.1

Simeon Y (1979) Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale des terrains cristallins de Belledonne entre l'Arc et l'Isère (Alpes françaises). Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble

Simien F, Mattauer M, Allègre CJ (1999) Nd Isotopes in the Strati-
graphic Record of the Montagne Noire (French Massif Central):
no significant paleozoic Juvenile Inputs, and Pre-Hercynian Pale-
ogeography. J Geol 107:87-97. https://doi.org/10.1086/314332

Simonetti M, Carosi R, Montomoli C, Langone A, D'Addario E, Mam-
moliti E (2018) Kinematic and geochronological constraints on
shear deformation in the Ferriere-Mollières shear zone (Argen-
tera-Mercantour Massif, Western Alps): implications for the
evolution of the Southern European Variscan Belt. Int J Earth
Sci 107:2163-2189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1593-y

Simonetti M, Carosi R, Montomoli C, Cottle JM, Law RD (2020)
Transpressive Deformation in the Southern European Variscan

Belt: New Insights From the Aiguilles Rouges Massif (Western
Alps). Tectonics 39:e2020TC006153. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2020TC006153

Skrzypek E, Tabaud A-S, Edel J-B, Schulmann K, Cocherie A, Guerrot
C, Rossi P (2012) The significance of Late Devonian ophiolites
in the Variscan orogen: a record from the Vosges Klippen Belt.
Int J Earth Sci (geol Rundsch) 101:951-972. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00531-011-0709-4

Sláma J, Košler J, Condon DJ, Crowley JL, Gerdes A, Hanchar JM, Horstwood MSA, Morris GA, Nasdala L, Norberg N, Schaltegger U, Schoene B, Tubrett MN, Whitehouse MJ (2008) Plešovice zircon—a new natural reference material for U–Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. Chem Geol 249:1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005

Soder CG, Romer RL (2018) Post-collisional potassic-ultrapotassic magmatism of the variscan orogen: implications for mantle metasomatism during continental subduction. J Petrol 59:1007–1034. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy053

Soejono I, Machek M, Sláma J, Janoušek V, Kohút M (2020) Cam-
bro-Ordovician anatexis and magmatic recycling at the thinned
Gondwana margin: new constraints from the Kouřim Unit, Bohe-
mian Massif. J Geol Soc 177:325–341. https://doi.org/10.1144/
jgs2019-037

Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: Con-
vention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronol-
ogy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36:359-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0012-821X(77)90060-7

Stephan T, Kroner U, Romer RL (2019) The pre-orogenic detrital zir-
con record of the Peri-Gondwanan crust. Geol Mag 156:281–
307. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756818000031

Storck J-C, Laurent O, Karakas O, Wotzlaw J-F, Galli A, Sinigoi S, Bachmann O, Chelle-Michou C (2021) Mantle versus crustal contributions in crustal-scale magmatic systems (Sesia Magmatic System, northern Italy) from coupling Hf isotopes and numerical modelling. Contrib Mineral Petrol 176(11):95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01847-9

Strzerzynski P, Guillot S, Courrioux G, Ledru P (2005) Modélisation géométrique 3D des granites stéphaniens du massif du Pelvoux (Alpes, France). C R Geosci 337:1284-1292

Sun S-S, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Lond Spec Public 42:313-345

Sundell K, Laskowski A, Kapp P, Ducea M, Chapman J (2021) Jurassic to neogene quantitative crustal thickness estimates in southern tibet. GSAT 31:4-10. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG461A.1

Tabaud A-S, Janoušek V, Skrzypek E, Schulmann K, Rossi P, White-
church H, Guerrot C, Paquette J-L (2015) Chronology, petro-
genesis and heat sources for successive Carboniferous mag-
matic events in the Southern-Central Variscan Vosges Mts (NE
France). J Geol Soc London 172:87-102

Tanaka T, Togashi S, Kamioka H, Amakawa H, Kagami H, Hamamoto
T, Yuhara M, Orihashi Y, Yoneda S, Shimizu H (2000) JNdi-
1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla
neodymium. Chem Geol 168(3-4):279-281

Teyssier C, Whitney DL (2002) Gneiss domes and orogeny. Geology
30:1139-1142

Vanardois J, Lahfid A, Trap P, Lacroix B, Roger F, Guillou-Frottier
L, Marquer D, Paquette J-L, Melleton J (2022a) Thermal evo-
lution of a Variscan syn-orogenic intracontinental basin (Ser-
voz basin, Western Alps): RSCM geothermometry and geo-
chronology. Swiss J Geosci 115:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s00015-022-00423-y

Vanardois J, Roger F, Trap P, Goncalves P, Lanari P, Paquette J-L, Mar-
quer D, Cagnard F, Le Bayon B, Melleton J (2022b) Exhumation
of deep continental crust in a transpressive regime: the example
of Variscan eclogites from the Aiguilles-Rouges Massif (Western Alps). J Metamorph Geol 2022:1

Vanardois J, Trap P, Roger F, Melleton J, Marquer D, Paquette J-L, Goncalves P, Cagnard F, Le Bayon B (2022c) Deformation, crustal melting and magmatism in the crustal-scale East-Variscan Shear Zone (Aiguilles-Rouges and Mont-Blanc massifs, Western Alps). J Struct Geol 163:104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104724

Vanderhaeghe O, Laurent O, Gardien V, Moyen J-F, Gébelin A, Chelle-
Michou C, Couzinié S, Villaros A, Bellanger M (2020) Flow
of partially molten crust controlling construction, growth and
collapse of the Variscan orogenic belt: the geologic record of
the French Massif Central. Bull Soc Géol Fr. https://doi.org/10.
1051/bsgf/2020013

Verjat JL (1981) Etude pétrologique et structurale des terrains cris-
tallins du sud-est de Belledonne, à l'ouest du col du Glandon
- Alpes françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique
et Médicalse de Grenoble

Vermeesch P (2012) On the visualisation of detrital age distributions. Chem Geol 312–313:190–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.021

Vermeesch P (2018) Statistical models for point-counting data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 501:112–118

Vivier G, Ménot R-P, Giraud P (1987) Magmatismes et structuration orogénique Paléozoiques de la chaine de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes alpins). Le Domaine Nord Orient Géol Alpine (grenoble) 63:25–53

Von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM (2008) The birth of the Rheic Ocean—Early Palaeozoic subsidence patterns and subsequent tectonic plate scenarios. Tectonophysics 461(1–4):9–20

Von Raumer JF, Finger F, Veselá P, Stampfli GM (2014) Durbachites-
Vaugnerites—a geodynamic marker in the central European
Variscan orogen. Terra Nova 26:85–95

Von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM, Arenas R, Martínez SS (2015) Ediacar
ran to Cambrian oceanic rocks of the Gondwana margin and their
tectonic interpretation. Int J Earth Sci 104:1107–1121

Von Raumer JF, Bussy F (2004) Mont Blanc and Aiguilles Rouges geology of their polymetamorphic basement (external massifs, Westerns Alps, France-Switzerland). In: Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), pp 1–210

Wiedenbeck M, Allé P, Corfu F, Griffin WL, Meier M, Oberli F, Quadt AV, Roddick JC, Spiegel W (1995) Three Natural Zircon Standards for U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, Trace element and ree analyses. Geostand Newsl 19:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00147.x

Žák J, Verner K, Janoušek V, Holub FV, Kachlík V, Finger F, Hajná J, Tomek F, Vondrovic L, Trubač J (2014) A plate-kinematic model for the assembly of the Bohemian Massif constrained by structural relationships around granitoid plutons. Geol Soc Spec Publ 405:169–196. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP405.9
of Variscan eclogites from the Aiguilles-Rouges Massif (Western Alps). J Metamorph Geol 2022:1

Vanardois J, Trap P, Roger F, Melleton J, Marquer D, Paquette J-L, Goncalves P, Cagnard F, Le Bayon B (2022c) Deformation, crustal melting and magmatism in the crustal-scale East-Variscan Shear Zone (Aiguilles-Rouges and Mont-Blanc massifs, Western Alps). J Struct Geol 163:104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104724

Vanderhaeghe O, Laurent O, Gardien V, Moyen J-F, Gébelin A, Chelle-
Michou C, Couzinié S, Villaros A, Bellanger M (2020) Flow
of partially molten crust controlling construction, growth and
collapse of the Variscan orogenic belt: the geologic record of
the French Massif Central. Bull Soc Géol Fr. https://doi.org/10.
1051/bsgf/2020013

Verjat JL (1981) Etude pétrologique et structurale des terrains cris-
tallins du sud-est de Belledonne, à l'ouest du col du Glandon
- Alpes françaises. Doctoral dissertation, Université Scientifique
et Médicalse de Grenoble

Vermeesch P (2012) On the visualisation of detrital age distributions. Chem Geol 312–313:190–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.021

Vermeesch P (2018) Statistical models for point-counting data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 501:112–118

Vivier G, Ménot R-P, Giraud P (1987) Magmatismes et structuration orogénique Paléozoiques de la chaine de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes alpins). Le Domaine Nord Orient Géol Alpine (grenoble) 63:25–53

Von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM (2008) The birth of the Rheic Ocean—Early Palaeozoic subsidence patterns and subsequent tectonic plate scenarios. Tectonophysics 461(1–4):9–20

Von Raumer JF, Finger F, Veselá P, Stampfli GM (2014) Durbachites-
Vaugnerites—a geodynamic marker in the central European
Variscan orogen. Terra Nova 26:85–95

Von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM, Arenas R, Martínez SS (2015) Ediacar
ran to Cambrian oceanic rocks of the Gondwana margin and their
tectonic interpretation. Int J Earth Sci 104:1107–1121

Von Raumer JF, Bussy F (2004) Mont Blanc and Aiguilles Rouges geology of their polymetamorphic basement (external massifs, Westerns Alps, France-Switzerland). In: Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), pp 1–210

Wiedenbeck M, Allé P, Corfu F, Griffin WL, Meier M, Oberli F, Quadt AV, Roddick JC, Spiegel W (1995) Three Natural Zircon Standards for U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, Trace element and ree analyses. Geostand Newsl 19:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00147.x

Žák J, Verner K, Janoušek V, Holub FV, Kachlík V, Finger F, Hajná J, Tomek F, Vondrovic L, Trubač J (2014) A plate-kinematic model for the assembly of the Bohemian Massif constrained by structural relationships around granitoid plutons. Geol Soc Spec Publ 405:169–196. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP405.9