<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>

International
Association of
Geodesy

IGFS

# International Gravity Field Service (IGFS)

web: www.igfs.net

Chairman: **R. Forsberg**, National Space Institute, Denmark, rf@space.dtu.dk
Director of Central Bureau: Prof. **I. Marson**, OGS, Italy
Executive Secretary of the CB: Dr. **F. Coren**, fcoren@inogs.it

## Objectives

IGFS is a unified "umbrella" IAG service, which will

* Coordinate collection, validation, archiving and dissemi-nation of gravity field related data

* Coordinate courses, information materials and general public outreach relating to the earth's gravity field

* Unify gravity products for the needs of GGOS – the Global Geodetic Observing System

The IGFS coordinates the following “Level-1” IAG services and service centres

* BGI (Bureau Gravimetrique International), Toulouse, France

* IGeS (International Geoid Service), Milano, Italy

* ICET (International Center for Earth Tides), Papeete, French Polynesia

* ICGEM (International Center for Global Earth Models), Potsdam, Germany

* IDEMS (International Digital Elevation Model Service), Leicester, UK

* (“Global Geodynamics Project” of superconducting gravimeters - currently in transition to become an IAG Service).

The overall goal of IGFS is to coordinate the servicing of the geodetic and geophysical community with gravity field-related data, software and information. The combined data of the IGFS entities data will include both satellite-derived global models, terrestrial, airborne, satellite and marine gravity observations, earth tide data, GPS leveling data, digital models of terrain and bathymetry, as well as ocean gravity field and geoid from satellite altimetry. Both the static and the temporal variations of the gravity field will be covered by the IGFS.

IGFS will – in cooperation with the services - make a special effort in trying to secure release of data from national and international institutions holding data on the spatial and temporal gravity variations, geoid and the surface heights of the Earth, to make them widely available to the scientific community.

IGFS will coordinate regional conferences, tutorials and schools to train young scientists and members of national institutions in the various aspects of the gravity field

science, computations, and data collection. IGFS will maintain a publication activity related to the gravity field, especially through “Newtons Bulletin”.

## Structure

The Service is organized by means of the following struc-ture:

* Advisory Board

* Central Bureau

* Technical Centre

* Services

The Advisory Board is composed of:

* Directors (or their delegates) of each of the Centres of IGFS

* Chairmen of the IGFS working groups

* Presidents (or their delegates) of the IAG Commissions related to the Service work

* A representative of the IAG Executive Committee (IAG-EC)

* Two members appointed among the affiliates.

The Advisory Board

* Coordinate the scientific strategy

* Coordinates the joint activity of the Centres

* Oversees the participation of the Service in international projects

* Presents to the IAG-EC proposals for associating new centres to the Service

* Elects the IGFS affiliates upon nomination by the Centres or affiliates.

The Advisory Board is appointed for four years between IUGG General Assemblies. The existing Advisory Board selects new members as required, and nominates a president for the IGFS. The election is to be confirmed by the IAG Executive Committee. The Advisory Board makes decisions by majority vote; it can also vote by email. The Advisory Board decides the Terms of Reference for IGFS.
## IGFS Services and Centres

The IGFS Services and Centres are the “operating arms” of IGFS. The Centres are committed to produce services and products related to the gravity field of the Earth and/or the planets. The Centres within IGFS are approved by the IAG EC. Centres can include bodies of structures external to the IAG (e.g., the BGI which is reporting to FAGS). The Centres will have their own governing bodies, nominated according to internal rules, also taking into account the interests of the supporting entities. In particular, each governing body will have a Director, elected according to internal rules.

Centres will maintain a list of data and products, providing them to the general public according to their policy of dissemination; they will deliver services in the form of data archiving, data analysis, dissemination, software, training, initiation of measurement and data compilation campaigns etc. The activities of each Centre will be reviewed annually by the IAG-EC. The IGFS Technical Centre, located at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, USA, will play a special role in advice on global models, geoid and gravity, especially related to the global ultra-high resolution geopotential models (EGM2008 and successors).

## IGFS Central Bureau

The IGFS Central Bureau will act as the central coordination and communication centre of the IGFS. The Central Bureau will provide a link between the IGFS entities, IAG, and external projects, networks or organizations (oceanic, atmospheric, hydrologic, ...); provide link to the GGOS bureau and communicate their requirements and recommendations to the IGFS, and implement standards and recommendations related to gravity field observations, secure consistency with geometric standards, and promote their use within the geoscientific community. The Central Bureau will also maintain the web information of the IGFS, and arrange gravity field-related meetings and workshops.

## Working groups

* JWG2.1: International and Regional Comparison Campaigns of Absolute Gravimeters (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: V. Palinkas

* JWG2.2: Absolute Gravimetry and Absolute Gravity Reference System (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: H.Wilmes.

* JWG2.3: Assessment of GOCE Geopotential Models (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: J. Huang.

* Working Group on Vertical Datum Standardization (joint with GGOS Theme 1 - Global Vertical Datum). Chair: L. Sanchez

## IGFS Advisory Board

* S C Kenyon (USA, Technical Centre chair)

* J P Barriot (French Polynesia)

* S Bonvalot (France)

* R Barzaghi (Italy)

* F Barthelmes (Germany)

* P Berry (UK)

* U Marti (Switzerland)

* S Bettadpur (USA)

* H Denker (Germany)

* J Huang (Canada)

* L Sanchez (Germany/Columbia)

* H Wilmes (Germany)

* M G Sideris (Canada)
<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

# The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)

http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Chairman of the Governing Board: G. Appleby (Great Britain)

Director of the Central Bureau: M. Pearlman (USA)

Secretary: C. Noll (USA)

Analysis Coordinator: E. C. Pavlis (USA)

## Objectives

IGFS is a unified "umbrella" IAG service, which will

* Coordinate collection, validation, archiving and dissemination of gravity field related data

* Coordinate courses, information materials and general public outreach relating to the earth's gravity field

* Unify gravity products for the needs of GGOS – the Global Geodetic Observing System

The IGFS coordinates the following “Level-1” IAG services and service centres

* BGI (Bureau Gravimetrique International), Toulouse, France

* IGeS (International Geoid Service), Milano, Italy

* ICET (International Center for Earth Tides), Papeete, French Polynesia

* ICGEM (International Center for Global Earth Models), Potsdam, Germany

* IDEMS (International Digital Elevation Model Service), Leicester, UK

* (“Global Geodynamics Project” of superconducting gravimeters - currently in transition to become an IAG Service).

The overall goal of IGFS is to coordinate the servicing of the geodetic and geophysical community with gravity field-related data, software and information. The combined data of the IGFS entities data will include both satellite-derived global models, terrestrial, airborne, satellite and marine gravity observations, earth tide data, GPS leveling data, digital models of terrain and bathymetry, as well as ocean gravity field and geoid from satellite altimetry. Both the static and the temporal variations of the gravity field will be covered by the IGFS.

IGFS will – in cooperation with the services - make a special effort in trying to secure release of data from national and international institutions holding data on the spatial and temporal gravity variations, geoid and the surface heights of the Earth, to make them widely available to the scientific community.

IGFS will coordinate regional conferences, tutorials and schools to train young scientists and members of national

institutions in the various aspects of the gravity field science, computations, and data collection. IGFS will maintain a publication activity related to the gravity field, especially through “Newtons Bulletin”.

## Structure

The Service is organized by means of the following structure:

* Advisory Board

* Central Bureau

* Technical Centre

* Services

The Advisory Board is composed of:

* Directors (or their delegates) of each of the Centres of IGFS

* Chairmen of the IGFS working groups

* Presidents (or their delegates) of the IAG Commissions related to the Service work

* A representative of the IAG Executive Committee (IAG-EC)

* Two members appointed among the affiliates.

### The Advisory Board

* Coordinate the scientific strategy

* Coordinates the joint activity of the Centres

* Oversees the participation of the Service in international projects

* Presents to the IAG-EC proposals for associating new centres to the Service

* Elects the IGFS affiliates upon nomination by the Centres or affiliates.

The Advisory Board is appointed for four years between IUGG General Assemblies. The existing Advisory Board selects new members as required, and nominates a president for the IGFS. The election is to be confirmed by the IAG Executive Committee. The Advisory Board makes decisions by majority vote; it can also vote by email. The Advisory Board decides the Terms of Reference for IGFS.
## IGFS Services and Centres

The IGFS Services and Centres are the “operating arms” of IGFS. The Centres are committed to produce services and products related to the gravity field of the Earth and/or the planets. The Centres within IGFS are approved by the IAG EC. Centres can include bodies of structures external to the IAG (e.g., the BGI which is reporting to FAGS). The Centres will have their own governing bodies, nominated according to internal rules, also taking into account the interests of the supporting entities. In particular, each governing body will have a Director, elected according to internal rules.

Centres will maintain a list of data and products, providing them to the general public according to their policy of dissemination; they will deliver services in the form of data archiving, data analysis, dissemination, software, training, initiation of measurement and data compilation campaigns etc. The activities of each Centre will be reviewed annually by the IAG-EC. The IGFS Technical Centre, located at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, USA, will play a special role in advice on global models, geoid and gravity, especially related to the global ultra-high resolution geopotential models (EGM2008 and successors).

## IGFS Central Bureau

The IGFS Central Bureau will act as the central coordination and communication centre of the IGFS. The Central Bureau will provide a link between the IGFS entities, IAG, and external projects, networks or organizations (oceanic, atmospheric, hydrologic, ...); provide link to the GGOS bureau and communicate their requirements and recommendations to the IGFS, and implement standards and recommendations related to gravity field observations, secure consistency with geometric standards, and promote their use within the geoscientific community. The Central Bureau will also maintain the web information of the IGFS, and arrange gravity field-related meetings and workshops.

## Working groups

* JWG2.1: International and Regional Comparison Campaigns of Absolute Gravimeters (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: V. Palinkas

* JWG2.2: Absolute Gravimetry and Absolute Gravity Reference System (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: H.Wilmes.

* JWG2.3: Assessment of GOCE Geopotential Models (joint with IAG Comm. 2). Chair: J. Huang.
Working Group on Vertical Datum Standardization (joint with GGOS Theme 1 - Global Vertical Datum). Chair: L. Sanchez

## IGFS Advisory Board

* S C Kenyon (USA, Technical Centre chair)

* J P Barriot (French Polynesia)

* S Bonvalot (France)

* R Barzaghi (Italy)

* F Barthelmes (Germany)

* P Berry (UK)

* U Marti (Switzerland)

* S Bettadpur (USA)

* H Denker (Germany)

* J Huang (Canada)

* L Sanchez (Germany/Columbia)

* H Wilmes (Germany)

* M G Sideris (Canada)
<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

# International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS)

http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Chair of Directing Board (acting): **H. Schuh** (Austria)

Coordinating Center Director: **D. Behrend** (USA)

## Development

The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) is an international collaboration of organizations, which operate or support Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) components. IVS was established in 1999 and became a service of IAG that year. In 2000, IVS was recognized as a service of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). A membership proposal for the World Data System (WDS) has been submitted. IVS interacts closely with the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), which is tasked by IAU and IUGG with maintaining the international celestial and terrestrial reference frames (ICRF and ITRF).

## Mission/Objectives

The objectives of IVS are:

* To provide a service to support geodetic, geophysical, and astrometric research and operational activities.

* To promote research and development activities in all aspects of the geodetic and astrometric VLBI technique.

* To interact with the community of users of VLBI products and to integrate VLBI into a global Earth observing system.

To meet these objectives, IVS coordinates VLBI observing programs, sets performance standards for VLBI stations, establishes conventions for VLBI data formats and data products, issues recommendations for VLBI data analysis software, sets standards for VLBI analysis documentation, and institutes appropriate VLBI product delivery methods to ensure suitable product quality and timeliness. IVS closely coordinates its activities with the astronomical community because of the dual use of many VLBI facilities and technologies for both astronomy and astrometry/geodesy.

## Products

VLBI data products currently available are

* All components of Earth orientation

* Terrestrial reference frame

* Celestial reference frame

* Tropospheric parameters

All VLBI data products are archived in IVS Data Centers and are publicly available.

## Structure/Board / Members

IVS accomplishes its goals through Permanent Components. As of 2011 the IVS has:

* 30 Network Stations, acquiring high performance VLBI data.

* 3 Operation Centers, coordinating activities of Network Stations.

* 6 Correlators, processing acquired data, providing feedback to stations and providing processed data to analysts.

* 6 Data Centers, distributing products to users, providing storage and archiving functions.

* 26 Analysis Centers, analyzing the data and producing results and products.

* 7 Technology Development Centers, developing new VLBI technology.

* 1 Coordinating Center, coordinating daily and long-term activities of IVS.

All together there are 79 Permanent Components, representing 41 organizations in 20 countries, and ~280 individuals who are Associate Members. The 41 organizations that support IVS components are IVS Member Organizations. There are also 6 Affiliated Organizations that cooperate with IVS on issues of common interest but do not support an IVS component.

In addition the IVS has a Directing Board to determine policies, standards, and goals. The current IVS Directing Board consists of the following members (alphabetical):

1. D. Behrend (USA) *Coordinating Center Director*

2. A. Bertarini (Germany) *Correlators and Operation Centers representative*

3. P. Charlot (France) *IAU representative*

4. J. Gómez González (Spain) *At Large member*

5. R. Haas (Sweden) *Technology Development Centers representative*
6. H. Hase (Germany/Chile) *Network Stations representative*

7. E. Himwich (USA) *Network Coordinator*

8. Sh. Kurihara (Japan) *At Large representative*

9. Ch. Ma (USA) *TERS representative*

10. A.l Nothnagel (Germany) *Analysis Coordinator*

11. H. Schuh (Austria) *IAG representative*

12. F. Shu (China) *At Large member*

13. O. Titov (Australia) *Analysis and Data Centers member*

14. G. Tuccari (Italy) *Network Stations representative*

15. A. Whitney (USA) *Technology Coordinator*

## Committees and Working Groups

IVS currently has three active working groups, two committees, and one executive group:

* Working Group 4 on VLBI Data Structures.

* Working Group 5 on Space Science Applications.

* Working Group 6 on Education and Training.

* Observing Program Committee.

* VLBI2010 Committee.

* VLBI2010 Project Executive Group.

## Publications and Meetings

IVS publishes an Annual Report, a thrice-annual Newsletter, and Proceedings from its biennial General Meeting. All publications are available from the Coordinating Center and also published on the Web site. IVS holds a General Meeting every two years, a Technical Operations Workshop every two years, and an Analysis Workshop every year. Information about all IVS activities is available at the IVS Web site under the URL http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

# The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL)

web: http://www.psmsl.org

Director: L. J. Rickards (UK)

## Development

Since 1933, the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) has been responsible for the collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data from the global network of tide gauges. It is based at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Liverpool, which is a component of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). It is supported by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and NERC. The PSMSL continues to be one of the main data centres for both the International Association for Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) and the IAG. The PSMSL operates under the auspices of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and reports formally to IAPSO's Commission on Mean Sea Level and Tides. Following the discontinuation of the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services and the World Data Centre system, the PSMSL is working towards membership of their successor, the new World Data System of ICSU.

## Mission/Objectives

The mission of the PSMSL is to provide the community with a full Service for the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of sea level data. Aside from its central role of operation of the global sea level data bank, the PSMSL provides advice to tide gauge operators and analysts. It occupies a central management role in the development of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) and hosts important international study groups and meetings on relevant themes. Several such meetings took place in 2008 to mark the 75th Anniversary of the PSMSL.

## Products

The database of the PSMSL contains over 60000 station-years of monthly and annual values of mean sea level (MSL) from over 2000 tide gauge stations around the world received from approximately 200 national authorities. On

average, approximately 1500 station-years of data are entered into the database each year. This database is used extensively throughout the sciences of climate change, oceanography, geodesy and geology, and is the main source of information for international study groups such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Data for all stations are included in the PSMSL METRIC (or total) data set. The METRIC monthly and annual means for any one station-year are necessarily required to be measured to a common datum, although, at this stage, datum continuity between years is not essential. The year to-year datum checks become essential, however, if the data are subsequently to be included in the PSMSL 'Revised Local Reference (RLR)' component of the data set.

The 'Revised Local Reference (RLR)' dataset of the PSMSL contains records for which time series analysis of sea level changes can be performed. Long records from this dataset have been the basis of all analyses of secular changes in global sea level during the last century. The geographical distribution of longer RLR records contains significant geographical bias towards the northern hemisphere, a situation which is being rectified by the establishment of the GLOSS global sea level network.

The PSMSL is also responsible for the Higher Frequency Delayed Mode (HF DM) data set of sea level information from the GLOSS Core Network. This consists of the original sea level measurements from each site (typically hourly values) which provide a strategic backup to the MSL information of the main PSMSL data set.

In addition, the PSMSL provides a range of sea level products (e.g. interactive anomaly and trend maps, tables of sea level trends) for its users. These findings are input to national and international scientific study groups regularly. A range of training materials and software products are also made available via its web site which can be consulted for more information
## Structure/Governing Board Members

The PSMSL reports formally to the IAPSO Commission on Mean Sea Level and Tides (President Dr. G.T. Mitchum, USA). It is also served by an Advisory Group which at present consists of Dr. R. Neilan (JPL, USA), Prof. G. T. Mitchum (University of South Florida, USA), Prof. B. Douglas (University of Maryland, USA), Prof. D. T. Pugh (Liverpool University, UK), Dr. P. Knudsen (Danish National Space Center), Dr. R. Bingley (Nottingham- ham University, UK), Dr. T. Aarup (IOC, UNESCO) and Dr. J. Fierro (SHOA, Chile). Suggestions for improve- ments in PSMSL activities may be sent directly to the PSMSL or via the IAPSO Commission or via any member of the Advisory Group.

## Points of Contact

Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
National Oceanography Centre
Joseph Proudman Building
6 Brownlow Street
Liverpool L3 5DA, UK.
Email: psmsl@noc.ac.uk
Web site: www.psmsl.org
Telephone: +44 (0)151-795-4800
Fax: +44 (0)151-795-4801

## Staff members

* L. J. Rickards (Director)

* P. L. Woodworth

* K. M. Gordon

* S. J. Holgate

* S. Jevrejeva

* A. P. Matthews

* M. E. Tamisiea

* E. A. Bradshaw (GLOSS DM HF data set)
# Communication and Outreach Branch (COB)

web: http://www.iag-aig.org

President: J. Ádám (Hungary)

Secretary: Sz. Rózsa (Hungary)

## Development

The Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) was created by the IAG Council at its special meeting in Budapest, 7 September 2001. A *Call for Participation* was issued by the IAG Central Bureau (CB) to fill this position. Two offers were received to host the COB. The offer of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS)/Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) was elected by the Executive Committee (EC) at its meeting in Nice, 11 April, 2003. The IAG Council at the 23rd IUGG/IAG General Assembly (Sapporo, Japan, 30 June-11 July, 2003) has confirmed this election. Thus the COB started its activities in July 2003, and in the period of 2011-2015 will be the third term in the operation of the COB by the HAS/BME.

The Communication and Outreach Branch is one of the components of the Association. According to the new Statutes (§5) of the IAG, the COB is the office responsible for the promotional activities of the IAG and the communication with its members.

## Terms of Reference

According to §18 of the new By-laws of the IAG:

(a) The function of the Communication and Outreach Branch is to provide the Association with communication, educational/public information and outreach links to the membership, to other scientific Associations and to the world as a whole.

(b) The responsibilities of the Communication and Outreach Branch shall include the following tasks:

(i) Promote the recognition and usefulness of geodesy in general and IAG in particular.

(ii) Publications (newsletters).

(iii) Membership development.

(iv) General information service and outreach.

c) The Communication and Outreach Branch shall also assist the IAG General Secretary, in the following tasks as required:

(i) Maintenance of the IAG Web page.

(ii) Setting up Association schools.

(iii) Setting up meetings and conferences

(iv) Maintaining the Bibliographic Service

d) Major decisions related to the operations of the COB shall be made by a Steering Committee consisting of

the following voting members:

(i) Communications and Outreach Branch President.

(ii) IAG Secretary General.

(iii) Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Geodesy.

(iv) Up to 5 other members appointed by the Executive Committee on the recommendation of the President of the Communications and Outreach Branch.

## Program of Activities

According to the new modernised structure of the IAG, the individual membership has been introduced in addition to the traditional National Members. However the individual membership requires a more commercial, member oriented operation of the Association. The main purpose of the COB is to promote communication and interaction among all of its members and to facilitate the work of IAG in general. Therefore the COB will be a permanent IAG office for publication, publicity and visibility of the Association.

The planned activities of the COB will be split into two main groups:

a) communicational activities, and

b) membership developments and promotional activities which enable the growth of the IAG itself.

One of the major tasks of the COB is to create the channels of the communication within the Association. Our intention is to make a simple, structured way of communication using various information technologies (IT). The *communication of the IAG* will be done using the following channels:

* the official IAG website (see the chapter IAG on the Internet in this issue),

* publication of the IAG Newsletters and Geodesist's Handbook in cooperation with the IAG Office.

The official *IAG website* acts on one hand as the most important interface to the outside community, and on the other hand it is the first pillar of the communicational infrastructure of the Association. Therefore the content of the website is defined to support both roles.

The server operating in the IAG COB, handles *mailing lists*, which will be the major source of information for the
members. The members get all of the announcements and
Newsletters via e-mail. Our intention is to operate many
mailing lists. Issues for creating/maintaining user data-
base/lists for advertising, circular e-mails, surveys, etc are
as follows:

* users can already register themselves by giving contact information and topics of interest (e.g. GPS, Gravity Field, Reference Frames, etc.) for notification;

* registration should be entirely web-based using confirmation e-mails;

* users can access/update/delete their personal contact information with username and password;

* privacy statement is necessary for keeping personal data confident;

* several statistics for geographical user distribution can be shown in simple charts on the IAG website;

* benefits should be clearly stated to be on the user list.

The electronic version of the *IAG Newsletter* is published monthly. It has a unique logo which is a) unmistakable and unambiguous, b) easy to read and perceive even when printed in black/white, and c) simply designed and reproduces to any size. It is available in different formats for distribution: (i) plain text for e-mail, (ii) HTML for website, and (iii) PDF for e-mail and downloading from website. Visitors have following options regarding the distribution of the IAG Newsletter:

* view the Newsletter online or download it directly;

* browse/view/download past issues in the Newsletter archive.

A selection of the Newsletter articles is published in the
Journal of Geodesy.

The *membership developments and promotional activities* are further our one of the most important tasks. The COB focuses not only on increasing the number of members in the IAG, but also on providing science information service to the members. For the *membership developments* a Membership Application Form (MAF) was designed in the previous period and it is put on the IAG website. In the front-page of our website, there is an indication to download the Membership Application Form.

The major channels of *promotional activities* are the IAG website, and the mailing lists. Some brochures and leaflets are printed, which

* introduce the IAG to the global community,

* emphasize the mission statement of IAG, and

* describe the advantages of being an IAG member.

Our intention is that these brochures should be available at
every conference organized and/or sponsored by IAG.
Therefore the COB should also represent IAG at all major
meeting (including not only IUGG General Assemblies,
IAG Scientific Assemblies, AGU and EGS meetings, but
also at IAG-sponsored meetings) with different IAG mate-

rials (brochures, etc). These brochures can be downloaded
from the IAG website (www.iag-aig.org).

Steering Committee

The COB has a Steering Committee (SC) with the follow-
ing members:

* J. Ádám, President (Hungary)

* Sz. Rózsa, Secretary (Hungary)

* H. Hornik (Germany)

* H. Schuh (Austria)

* G. Tóth (Hungary)

* P. Willis (France)

Ex officio:

* H. Drewes (Germany)

* R. Klees (Netherlands)

Address

The COB operates an office of which address is as follows:

IAG Communication and Outreach Branch
c/o Department of Geodesy and Surveying
Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics
P.O.Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: +36-1-463 3222/1353, Fax: +36-1-463 3192
E-mail: jadam@sci.fgt.bme.hu / szrozsa@sci.fgt.bme.hu
# IAG Representatives to Scientific Bodies

## IAG Representatives to the Services

* BGI: Urs Marti (Switzerland)

* BIPM: Claude Boucher (France)¹

* IAS: Wolfgang Bosch (Germany)

* IBS: Johannes Ihde (Germany)

* ICET: Harald Schuh (Austria)

* ICGEM: Franz Barthelmes (Germany)

* IDEMS: Philippa Berry (UK)

* IDS: Michiel Otten (Germany)

* IERS: Clark Wilson (USA)

* IGeS: Urs Marti (Switzerland)

* IGFS: Steve Kenyon (USA)

* IGS: Chris Rizos (Australia)
  Zuheir Altamimi (France)

* ILRS: Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)

* IVS: Harald Schuh (Austria)

* PSMSL: Per Knudsen (Denmark)

## IAG Representatives to External Bodies

### IUGG Commissions

* GRC (Geophysical Risk and Sustainability):
  John Labrecque (USA)

* CMG (Commission on Mathematical Geophysics):
  Shin-Chan Han (USA)

* SEDI (Study of Earth's Deep Interior):
  Véronique Dehant (Belgium)

* UCDI (Union Commission for Data and Information):
  Bernd Richter (Germany), Ruth Neilan (USA)

### Other Bodies

* ABLOS (Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea):
  Sunil Bisnath (Canada), Graeme Blick (New Zealand),
  Sobar Sutisna (Indonesia), Niels Andersen (Sweden)

* IAU Commission 19 Rotation of the Earth:
  Z. Malkin (Russia)

* GEO (Group on Earth Observation):
  - Plenary: Hansjörg Kutterer (Germany)
  - Representatives to Committees nominated by GGOS

* ISO International Standards Organization
  - TC211 Geographic Information/Geomatics:
    Hermann Drewes, Johannes Ihde (both Germany)

- Control Body for Geodetic Registry Network:
    Michael Craymer (Canada)

* JBGIS (Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies)
  WG on Risk and Disaster management:
  John Labrecque (USA)

* SIRGAS (Geocentric Reference System for the Americas):
  Hermann Drewes (Germany)

* UNOOSA (United Nations Offices for Outer Space Affairs, UNOOSA):
  - International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG): Ruth Neilan (USA)

- Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space
  (COPUOS), nominated by GGOS

- United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) nominated by GGOS

¹ identical IUGG Representative to the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF)

## IAG-related IUGG Liaisons to International and Intergovernmental Organizations

* UN Cartographic Office: Luiz Paulo Souto Fortes (Brazil)

* Pan-American Institute for Geography and History (PAIGH): Hermann Drewes (Germany)

* Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF): Claude Boucher (France)

* World Data System (WDS): Ruth Neilan (USA)
# General Information

## Standards and Conventions for Geodesy

Detlef Angermann (Germany)

### Preface

Unified standards and conventions are the basis for the generation of consistent and reliable geodetic products based on geometric and gravimetric observations. The use of identical standards and conventions is crucial for the modelling and processing of the different geodetic observations as well as for the parameter estimation and representation in all fields of geodesy, in order to ensure consistent results for the geometry, the rotation and gravity field of the Earth along with its variations in time. It is equally important that users of geodetic products are aware of the standards and conventions these products are based on, to fully exploit their accuracy and to allow for a coherent interpretation. Standards and conventions are widely used in a broad sense and various international organizations and entities are involved in this subject. In the first part of this document the relevant nomenclature is introduced. We shall distinguish standards, standardized units, fundamental physical standards, resolutions and conventions (Drewes 2008). The second part focuses on the Bureau for Standards and Conventions, which has been installed as a GGOS component in 2009.

## 1. Nomenclature

### 1.1 Standards

Various international, regional and national organizations are involved in the development, coordination, revision, maintenance, etc. of standards that address the interests of a wide area of users. Important for geodesy is the *International Organization for Standardization* (ISO, http://www.iso.org), an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from a network of national standards institutes of more than 150 countries. ISO was founded in 1947 and promulgates worldwide priority, industrial and commercial standards to enable a consensus to be reached on solutions that meet the requirements needed in science and society. IAG has two representatives to ISO and there is one representative of ISO to IAG. The *Technical Committee ISO/TC 211* (http://www.isotc211.org), was formed within ISO to cover the areas of digital geographic information and geomatics. Also relevant for geodesy is the *Open Geospatial Consortium* (OGC,

http://www.opengeospatial.org), an international voluntary consensus standards organization, originating in 1994. In OGC, more than 400 commercial, governmental, non-profit and research organizations worldwide collaborate in a consensus process encouraging development and implementation of open standards for geospatial content and location-based services, mainstream IT, GIS data processing and data sharing. There is a close cooperation between OGC, ISO/TC211 and IAG institutions.

### 1.2 Standardized units

The terms “quantities and units” are defined in the *International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology* (ISO/IEC Guide, 2007; Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006). The value of a quantity is generally expressed as the product of a number and a unit. The unit is simply a particular example of the quantity concerned which is used as a reference, and the number is the ratio of the value of the quantity to the unit. Many different units may be used for a particular quantity. For example, the speed may be expressed in the form of $v = 25 \text{ m/s} = 90 \text{ km/h}$. However, because of the importance of a set of well defined and easily accessible units universally agreed for the multitude of measurements that support today's complex society, units should be chosen so that they are readily available to all, are constant throughout time and space, and are easy to realize with high accuracy.

Most relevant for geodesy is the *International System of Units* (SI, www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure), which was adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1960). It is hosted by the *International Bureau of Weights and Measures* (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, BIPM). In order to establish a system of units, it is necessary first to establish a system of quantities, including a set of equations defining the relations between those quantities. This is necessary because the equations between the quantities determine the equations relating the units. The units are divided into two classes – base units and derived units. In a similar way the corresponding quantities are described as base quantities and derived quantities. There are seven base units, each representing, by convention, different kinds of physical quantities. Three of them most relevant for geodesy are:

* Length (standardized unit metre, [m]),
* Mass (standardized unit kilogram, [kg]), and

* Time, duration (standardized unit second [s])

The number of derived units and derived quantities of interest in science and technology can be extended without limit. For example, the derived unit speed is metre per second [m/s], or centimetre per second [cm/s] (in the SI). The kilometre per hour [km/h] is a measurement unit of speed outside the SI but accepted for use with the SI. The knot, equal to one nautical mile per hour, is a measurement unit of speed outside the SI.

Most relevant for geodesy in the BIPM is the Section *Time, Frequency and Gravimetry*, a Service of the IAG. IAG is represented among the Section members. Thus, a very close connection and cooperation between them is ensured.

## 1.3 Fundamental Physical Constants

The formulations of the basic theories of physics and their applications are based on so-called fundamental physical constants. These quantities, which have specific and universally used symbols, are of such importance that they must be known as accurately as possible. A physical constant is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time. In contrast a mathematical constant is a fixed numerical value, which does not directly involve any physical measurement. A complete list of all fundamental physical constants is given by the *National Institute of Standards and Technology* (NIST, http://physics.nist.gov/constants). NIST publishes regularly a list of the constants. The most relevant for geodesy among them are the gravitational constant, the speed of light in vacuum, the standard acceleration of gravity, and the standard atmosphere.

The *Committee on Data for Science and Technology* (CODATA, http://www.codata.org) is an interdisciplinary Scientific Committee of the International Council for Science (ICSU). IUGG is a member Union of CODATA. The Committee works to improve the quality, reliability, management and accessibility of data. CODATA is concerned with all types of data resulting from measurements and calculations in all fields of science and technology, including physical sciences, astronomy, engineering, and others. The *CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Physical Constants* has recently announced the public release of the 2010 Least Squares Adjustment of the values of the set of fundamental physical constants (CODATA Newsletter 101, August 2011). The values for them are given in http://www.physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html. The 2010 values for the most relevant fundamental constants for geodesy are:

* Newtonian constant of gravitation: $6.67384 \times 10^{-11} \pm 0.00080 \times 10^{-11} [\text{m}^3 \text{kg}^{-1} \text{s}^{-2}]$

* Speed of light in vacuum: 299792458 m/s (exact)

* Standard acceleration of gravity: $9.80665 \text{ m/s}^2$ (exact)

* Standard atmosphere: 101325 Pa (exact)

Please note, that the 2010 value for the Newtonian constant of gravitation differs from the previous estimation of 2006, being $6.67428 \times 10^{-11} \pm 0.00067 \times 10^{-11} [\text{m}^3/\text{kg}/\text{s}^2]$.

## 1.4 Resolutions

A resolution is a written motion adopted by a deliberating body. The substance of the resolution can be anything that can normally be composed as a motion. In this context we refer to the motion for adopting standards, constants or any parameters to be used by institutions and persons affiliated with the adopting body. Most important resolutions for geodesy are those adopted by the Councils of the *International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics* (IUGG, http://www.iugg.org), the *International Association of Geodesy* (IAG; http://www.iag-aig.org), and the *International Astronomical Union* (IAU, http://www.iau.org).

Resolutions are non-binding laws of a legislature, but more binding than recommendations. In non-legal bodies, such as IUGG, IAG and IAU, which cannot pass laws, they form the highest level of commitment. Resolutions shall be respected by all institutions and persons affiliated with the adopting body. Important resolutions of IUGG/IAG/IAU with respect to standards and conventions are, e.g.,

* IUGG 1979 Resolution No. 7 and IAG 1980 Resolution No. 1 on the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80, Moritz 2000). The adopted values for the four defining constants of the GRS80 are:

- Equatorial radius (a): 6378137 [m]

- Geocentric gravitational constant (GM): $3.986005 \times 10^{14} [\text{m}^3 \text{s}^{-2}]$

- Dynamical form factor of the Earth ($J_2$): $1.08263 \times 10^{-3}$ (free of tides)

- Angular velocity of rotation ($\omega$): $7.292115 \times 10^{-5} [\text{rad s}^{-1}]$

* IAG Resolutions No. 16 (1983) on the tide system. It is recommended to use “zero-tide” values associated with the geopotential and “mean-tide” values for quantities associated with station displacements.

* IUGG Resolution No. 2 (2007) on the Geocentric and International Terrestrial Reference System (GTRS and ITRS).

* IAU2000/2006 Resolutions on the precession-nutation model (Capitaine et al., 2009).

* IAU 2009 Resolution No. B3 on the Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (Ma et al., 2009)

## 1.5 Conventions

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated or generally accepted norms, standards or criteria. In physical sciences, numerical values such as constants or quantities are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property
of nature, but originate in a convention. A conventional value for a constant or a specific quantity (e.g., the potential of the geoid $W_0$) can be for example an average of measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.

In geodesy conventions may be adopted by IAG and its components (Services, Commissions and GGOS). The most established and widely used conventions are those of the *International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service* (IERS, http://www.iers.org). The latest versions are the IERS Conventions 2010 (Petit and Luzum, 2010). Equivalent conventions will have to be released by the *International Gravity Field Service* (IGFS, http://www.igfs.net), to serve as the basis for gravity field related data and products. For the gravity field missions (e.g., CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE) different standards or conventions are currently in use (e.g., GOCE Standards; released by the European GOCE gravity consortium, 2010).

Below are the values of the IERS Conventions 2010 for some important geodetic constants:

* Newtonian constant of gravitation (G): $6.67428 \ 10^{-11} \pm 0.00067 \ 10^{-11} \ [\text{m}^3 \text{kg}^{-1} \text{s}^{-2}]$

* Geocentric gravitational constant (GM): $3.986004418 \ 10^{14} \pm 8 \ 10^5 \ [\text{m}^3 \text{s}^{-2}]$

* Equatorial radius (a): $6378136.6 \pm 0.1 \ [\text{m}]$

* Flattening factor (1/f): $298.25642 \pm 0.00001$

* Dynamical form factor of the Earth ($J_2$): $1.0826359 \ 10^{-3} \pm 1 \ 10^{-10}$

* Angular velocity of rotation ($\omega$): $7.292115 \ 10^{-5} \ [\text{rad s}^{-1}]$

* Potential of the geoid ($W_0$): $62636856.0 \pm 0.5 \ [\text{m}^2 \text{s}^{-2}]$

## 2. GGOS Bureau for Standards and Conventions

The Bureau for Standards and Conventions (BSC) has been established as a GGOS component in 2009. It is the successor of the GGOS Working Group on Conventions, Modelling and Analysis that was chaired by Hermann Drewes. The BSC is jointly operated by the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI), and the Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie (IAPG) of Technische Universität München, both in Munich, Germany, under the umbrella of the Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodäsie (FGS).

### 2.1 Mission and goals

The implementation of common standards and conventions for the generation of geometric and gravimetric products is of crucial importance for GGOS. The BSC supports GGOS in its goal to obtain products of highest accuracy, consistency, temporal and spatial resolutions, and referring to a unique reference frame stable over decades.

GGOS shall keep track of the strict observance of adopted geodetic standards, standardized units, fundamental physical constants, resolutions and conventions in all official products provided by the geodetic community, identify gaps and deficiencies in standards and conventions, to initiate steps to close them, and to propagate geodetic standards and conventions in the geodetic and general scientific community and promote their use.

To fulfil its mission the BSC works closely together with experts in the field and maintains regular contact and establishes a strong interface with all the IAG Services and Commissions and international bodies involved in the adoption of standards, physical constants, resolutions and conventions.

### 2.2 Tasks

The main objectives of the GGOS Bureau for Standards and Conventions (BSC) are:

* The BSC evaluates the geodetic standards and conventions currently in use by all the IAG Services for the generation of geodetic/geophysical products. It reviews official products of IAG with respect to the correct use of standards and conventions.

* The BSC propagates all geodetic standards and conventions to geodetic and general scientific communities and urges their common use. If necessary, the BSC proposes the adoption of new standards and conventions, changes and revisions.

* The BSC propagates most important standards to society in general and promotes their use. These outreach activities include the participation at relevant conferences and meetings and submission of papers to journals in neighbouring fields.

* The BSC maintains regular contact with all internal and external institutions involved in the adoption of standards, resolutions and conventions. It thereby takes advantage of representations in IAG Services, IAG Commissions, IUGG and IAU, as well as in other bodies involved in standards and conventions (e.g., BIPM, ISO, CODATA).

* The Bureau is in charge with administrative tasks, communications, data base and web support. For these tasks a close cooperation with the GGOS Coordination Office and the GGOS Portal is established.

* For specific issues dealing with particular fields of geodesy the BSC may set up dedicated Working Groups. Regional or national members may be included in such Working Groups.

* The BSC reports regularly to the GGOS Coordination Board and to the IAG Executive Committee, and – if necessary or appropriate – to the IUGG Executive Committee.
## 2.3 Staff members of the BSC

* Director: D. Angermann

* Deputy director: T. Gruber

* Geodetic fields and expertise of staff members:

- Geometry, orbits, TRF: U. Hugentobler, P. Steigenberger, D. Angermann

- Earth Orientation, CRF: M. Gerstl, R. Heinkelmann

- Gravity: J. Bouman, T. Gruber

- Vertical reference systems: L. Sánchez

* Associate members: J. Ádám, M. Craymer, J. Ihde, J. Kusche

* The representation of all IAG Services and other bodies involved in standards and conventions is in progress.

## References

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2006), The International System of Units (SI), 8th edition, (http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure).

Capitaine, N., Mathews, P., M., Dehant, V., Wallace, P. T., Lambert, S. B. (2009). On the IAU 2000/2006 precession-nutation and comparison with other models and VLBI observations, Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astro., 103, 2, doi:10.1007/s10569-008-9179-9.

Drewes H. (2008). Standards and conventions relevant for geodesy. In: The Geodesist's Handbook 2008, Drewes H., Hornik H., Ádám J., Rozsa Sz. (Eds.), J. Geodesy, Vol. 82, 833-835, Springer.

European GOCE gravity consortium (2010), GOCE High level Processing Facility GOCE Standards, Gruber, T., Abrikosov, O., Hugentobler, U (Eds.), Document No. GO-TN-HPF-GS-011.

Groten, E. (2004) Fundamental parameters and current (2004) best estimates of the parameters of common relevance to astronomy, geodesy, and geodynamics. J. Geodesy (77), 724-731, Springer.

ISO/IEC Guide 99-12:2007 (2007). International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, VIM.

Ma C., Arias F., Bianco G., Boboltz D., Bolotin S., Charlot P., Engelhardt G., Fey A., Gaume R., Gontier A., Heinkelmann R., Jacobs C., Kurdubov S., Lambert S., Malkin Z., Nothnagel A., Petrov L., Skurikhina E., Sokolova J., Souchay J., Sovers O., Tesmer V., Titov O., Wang G., Zharov V. (2009). The second realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame by Very Long Baseline Interferometry. IERS Technical Note, No. 35, A. Fey and D. Gordon (Eds.), Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt a.M.

Moritz, H. (2000). Geodetic Reference System 1980, J. Geodesy (74), 128-134, Springer.

Petit, G. and Luzum, B. (2010). IERS Conventions (2010), IERS Technical Note, No. 36, Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt a.M.
# IAG on the Internet

web: http://www.iag-aig.org

**Szabolcs Rózsa**, IAG Communication and Outreach Branch

The IAG maintains an Internet site, which is a valuable source of information not only about the Association itself, but also about its scientific disciplines. The primary goal of the website is to communicate with the IAG members, and make information available to the wider Geosciences community in the world as a whole.

Since the maintenance of the IAG website belongs to the activities of the Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) it is still hosted at the Department of Geodesy and Surveying of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) with the HAS-BME Research Group for Physical Geodesy and Geodynamics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Budapest, Hungary.

During the past four years, the layout of the website has been redesigned. Some new features have been added to it, which are discussed here.

## Topic of the Month

The Topic of the Month section of the opening page aims to promote important scientific achievements and activities to the wider public. The latest scientific results, the establishment of international and interdisciplinary research projects and all other information, which may have a great impact on the geodetic community, can be posted to this section of the website.

Since the COB intends to publish a new topic in each month, Geodesists are kindly encouraged to submit new topics to the COB e-mail address: iagcob@iag-aig.org
The Topics of the Month must include an image and a short introduction, too. Both of them are published on the opening page of the website, and more details are given on separate pages.

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /><figcaption>The IAG Website with the access to the Contact Database</figcaption></figure>
## Members' Area

Each IAG Individual Member has received a personal login name and a password to enter the Members' Area and to access the IAG Contact Database.

IAG Members' Area is a place to publish articles to the IAG Individual Members only. This part of the website is devoted to training materials, conference and symposia presentations and classified IAG related information.

## IAG Contact Database

The contact information of each IAG Member has also been stored in a relational database. Every member has the privilege to update his/her own contact information. The information is generally confidential (except the name and the country of origin). However the IAG Individual Members have the option to share their contact details (phone, e-mail, postal address) with all the Individual Members. It must be noted that the contact database is not open to the

public, it can be queried by the IAG Individual Members only.

IAG Individual Members can specify as well their fields of interest in Geodesy. This may enable the COB to send announcements, publications or other information directly to the appropriate members.

Using the Find a Colleague option, one can select the contact details of IAG Individual Members based on Name, Institution, Country and Fields of interest.

The IAG COB has started a campaign to gather contact data from anyone, who is working in, or interested in Geodesy. These data sets will be stored in the IAG Contact Database in the future, in order to add more international contacts and ease the building of international contacts and help to create international co-operations. Those Colleagues, who are not Individual Members of the IAG, will be able to update their own contact information on the web, but the privilege of querying the database will be limited to IAG Members only.

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>
## The IAG Forum

The IAG Forum is a billboard service of the IAG Website. It was established in 2004, but had only marginal number of visits in the last 7 years. Each IAG Individual Member received a personal password to the IAG Forum as well. More information on the Forum will be available on the IAG Website and in the IAG Newsletters.

site. Contributions can be sent to the following e-mail address: iagcob@iag-aig.org.

## The IAG Office

The IAG Office maintains an own website, mainly for internal IAG users, at http://iag.dgfi.badw.de.

## Publishing on the IAG Website

The IAG COB encourages all the IAG Members and Geodesists in general to publish information on the IAG web-

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

International
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www.iag-aig.org

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Publications of the International Association of Geodesy

I. Journal of Geodesy

Twelve issues per year:
Annual subscription, sale by unit (Springer-Verlag)

Contact:
Springer Verlag
Tiergartenstrasse 17
D - 69121 Heidelberg
www.springer.com

II. Geodesist's Handbook

Quadrennial special issues of Journal of Geodesy, pub-
lished since 1980, contain the programs of the IAG Com-
ponents; latest 2008, 2012. A list of all Geodesist's Hand-
books published up to now can be found on the reverse
side of the foreword in this issue.

III. IAG Symposia Series

Peer reviewed proceedings of IAG Symposia. Latest issues:

Vol. 132: Xu, P., Liu, J., Dermanis, A. (Eds.): VI Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Theoretical and Computational Geodesy, Wuhan, China, 2006.

Vol. 133: Sideris, M. G. (Ed.): Observing our Changing Earth. IAG Symposia at the XXIV General Assembly of the IUGG, Perugia, Italy, 2007.

Vol. 134: Drewes, H. (Ed.): Geodetic Reference Frames. IAG Symposium Munich, Germany, 2006.

Vol. 135: Mertikas, S. P. (Ed.): Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation. IAG Commission 2 Symposium, Chania, Crete, Greece, 2008.

Vol. 136: Kenyon, S., Pacino, M. C., Marti, U. (Eds.): Geodesy for Planet Earth. Symposia at the IAG Scientific Assembly, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2009.

Vol. 137: Sneeuw, N., Novák, P., Crespi, M., Sansò, F. (Eds.): VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy, Rome, 2009.

Available at

Springer Verlag
Tiergartenstrasse 17
D - 69121 Heidelberg
www.springer.com

IV. Travaux de l'Association Internationale
de Géodésie (IAG Reports)

The IAG Reports (Travaux de l'Association Internationale de Géodésie) contain the reports of all IAG components and sub-components. They were published as printed volumes and presented at the IAG General and Scientific Assemblies every two years until 2003. Since 1995 the IAG Reports are also available in digital form, and since 2003 online only: (http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&id_c=18 or http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/index.php?id=294). Printed versions may be ordered at the IAG Office (iag@dgfi.badw.de)

V. IAG Bibliographic Service (IBS)

The IAG Bibliographic Service for Geodesy is maintained
by the Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG)

Address:

Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie
Aussenstelle Leipzig Karl-Rothe-Strasse 10-14
D - 04105 Dresden
Germany
Tel.: +49 - 341 - 5634 0
Fax: +49 - 341 - 5634 415

Access:

http://www.bkg.bund.de/nn_159914/EN/FederalOffice/
InformationServices/iag_node.html_nnn=true
IAG National Correspondents

ALBANIA

Eng. Msc. Bilbil Nurçe
Department of Geodesy
Civil Engineering Faculty
Polytechnic University of Tirana
Street "Muhamet Gjollesha" Nr. 54
Tirana
T: 355 4 2 271 417
F: 355 4 2 229 045
bnurce@gmail.com

ARGENTINA

Ing. Jaime R. Soto
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Facultad de Ingeniería, Area Departamental Agrimensura
Calle 47 No. 168
1900 La Plata - Prov. de Buenos Aires
T: 54 221 423 6677
cg.snuggi@gmail.com; jrsoto1@gmail.com

ARMENIA

Dr. Grigor Avetyan
Yerevan State University
1 Alex Manoogian Street
Yerevan, 0049
T: 374 10 55 47 52
F: 374 10 55 46 41
rector@ysu.am

AUSTRALIA

Prof. Chris Rizos
School of Surveying & Spatial Information Systems
University of New South Wales
Sydney, NSW, 2052
T: 61 2 9385 4205
F: 61 2 9313 7493
c.rizos@unsw.edu.au

AUSTRIA

Dipl. Ing. Norbert Höggerl
Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV)
Leiter der Abteilung Grundlagen/V1
Schiffamtsgasse 1-3
A - 1020 Wien
T: 43 1 2111-0, -3201
F: 43 1 2111 -0, -2224
norbert.hoeggerl@bev.gv.at

AZERBAIJAN

Prof. Dr. Fakhreddin Kadirov
Geology Institute, ANAS
Av. H. Javid 29 a
1143 Baku
T: 994 12 439 2193
F: 994 12 497 5283
kadirovf@gmail.com

BELGIUM

Prof. Véronique Dehant
Observatoire Royal de Belgique
Avenue Circulaire 3
B-1180 Bruxelles
T: 32 2 373 02 66
F: 32 2 374 98 22
veronique.dehant@oma.be, veroniq@oma.be

BOLIVIA

Ing. Franz Ramirez
Instituto Geografico Militar de Bolivia
Gran Cuartel General de Miraflores
Av. Saavedra 2303 P.O. Box 7641
La Paz
T: 591 2 221 4905
F: 591 2 222 8329
flramirezt@hotmail.com

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

Mr.sc. Dipl.Eng. Medzida Mulic
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geodesy University
of Sarajevo
S. Tomica br.I/III
71000 Sarajevo
T: 387 33 278 444, 387 61 201 151
F: 387 33 200 158
medzida_multic@gf.unsa.ba

BRAZIL

Prof. Denizar Blitzkow
Universidade de Sao Paulo, EPUSP-PTR
Caixa Postal 61548
05413-001 Sao Paulo
T: 55 11 3091 5501
F: 55 11 3091 5716
dblitzko@usp.br

BULGARIA

Prof. D. Sc. Ivan Georgiev
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, NIGGG
Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 3
Sofia, 1113
T: 359 2 979 2453
F: 359 2 972 08 41
ivan@bas.bg

CANADA

Dr. Marcelo Santos
Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering
University of New Brunswick
PO Box 4400
Fredericton NB, E3B 5A3
T: 1 506 453 4671
F: 1 506 453 4943
msantos@unb.ca
## CHILE

Álvaro Hermosilla
Instituto Geografico Militar de Chile
Nueva Santa Isabel 1640
Santiago
T: 56 2 410 9326
F: 56 2 699 0554
ahermosilla@igm.cl

## CHINA

Dr. Prof. Yimin Dang
Chinese Acad. of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)
28 Lianhuachi Xi Rd.
Beijing, 100030
T: 86 10 6388 0701
F: 86 10 6388 0804
dangym@casm.ac.cn

## CHINA - TAIPEI

Prof. Benjamin Fong Chao
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica
P.O. Box 1-55 Nangkang
Taipei, Taiwan, 115
T: 886 2 2783 9910 ext 103, ext 517
F: 886 2 2783 9871
bfchao@earth.sinica.edu.tw

## COLOMBIA

William Martínez
Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi
División de Geodesia
Carrera 30 No. 48-51
Bogotá, D.C.
T: 57 1 369 4011
F: 57 1 369 4105
wamartin@igac.gov.co

## CONGO (D. R.)

Prof. Dei Mangombi
Institut Géographique du Congo
106, Bld du 30 Juin
B.P. 3086 Kinshasa - Gombe
T: 243 9959366
mangombi2002@yahoo.fr

## COSTA RICA

Dr. Jorge Moya
Escuela de Topografía, Catastro y Geodesia
Universidad Nacional
Apartado 86-3000
Heredia
jmoya@una.ac.cr

## CROATIA

Dr. Tea Duplancic Leder
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy
University of Split
Matice hvratske 15
21000 Split
T: 385 21 303 377
tleder@gradst.hr

## CZECH REPUBLIC

Dr. Petr Holota
Research Inst. of Geodesy, Topography & Cartography
Ustecka 98
25066 Zdiby, Prague-East
T: 420 323 649 235; 420 284 890 907
F: 420 284 890 056
holota@pecny.asu.cas.cz

## DENMARK

Niels Andersen
Danish National Space Center
Juliane Maries Vej 30
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
T: 45 35 32 57 00
na@space.dtu.dk

## EGYPT

Prof. Dr. Ali Abd-El-Azim Tealeb
National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics
Helwan
T: 20 2 2554 9783
F: 20 2 2554 8020
tealebaa@yahoo.com

## ESTONIA

Professor Dr. Artu Ellmann
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Tallinn University of Technology
Ehitajate Road 5
19086 Tallinn
T: 372 620 2603
F: 372 620 2601
artu.ellmann@ttu.ee

## FINLAND

Prof. Markku Poutanen
Finnish Geodetic Institute
Geodeetinrinne 2
02430 Masala
T: 358 9 2955 5216, 358 40 718 2152
F: 358 9 2955 5200
Markku.poutanen@fgi.fi

## FRANCE

Chef de l'Equipe Richard Biancale
Equipe de Géodésie Spatiale, CNES / GRGS
18 av. Edouard Belin
31401 Toulouse Cedex 9
T: 33-(0)561332978
F: 33-(0)561253098
richard.biancale@cnes.fr

## GEORGIA

Dr. Merab Nadaraia
President of Geodesy Union SPLIT
Bulachari St. 10
0160 Tbilisi
T: 995 32 37 00 21
F: 995 32 94 05 79
merab.nadaraia@lkn.ge
**GERMANY**
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Müller
Institut für Edrmessung, Universität Hannover
Schneiderberg 50
30167 Hannover
T: 49 511 762 3362
F: 49 511 762 4006
mueller@ife.uni-hannover.de

**GHANA**
Assoc. Prof. Thomas M. Akabza
Geology Department
University of Ghana, Legon
Accra
T: 233 24 632 5685
takabzaa@ug.edu.gh

**GREECE**
Prof. Elias Tziavos
School of Rural and Survey Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Engineering
541 24 Thessaloniki
T: 30 2310 996 125
F: 30 2310 999 5948
tziavos@topo.auth.gr

**HUNGARY**
Prof. Dr. József Ádám
Department of Geodesy and Surveying
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
P.O. Box 91
H-1521 Budapest
T: 36 1 463 3222
F: 36 1 463 3192
jadam@sci.fgt.bme.hu

**ICELAND**
Magnus Gudmundsson
National Land Survey of Iceland
Stillholt 16-18
300 Akranes
T: 354 430 9000
F: 354 430 9090
magnus@lmi.is

**INDIA**
Dr. V.P. Dimri
CSIR-Distinguished Scientist
National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad, 500 606
T: 91 40 2343 4655
F: 91 40 2343 4651
dimrivp@yahoo.com

**INDONESIA**
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin
Department of Geodetic Engineering
Institute of Technology of Bandung
Jl. Ganesa 10
Bandung 40132
T: 62 22 2534286
F: 62 21 253 0702
hzabidin@gd.itb.ac.id

**IRAN**
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vahid Ebrahimzadeh Ardestani
Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran
P.O. Box 14155-6466
14394 Tehran
T: 98 21 802 1072, 98 21 8802 1077
F: 98 21 800 9560
ebrahimz@ut.ac.ir

**IRELAND**
Colin D. Bray, Chief Technical Officer
Ordnance Survey Ireland
Phoenix Park
Dublin 8
T: 353 1 8025 308
F: 353 1 8204 156
colin.bray@osi.ie

**ISRAEL**
Dr. Gilad Even-Tzur
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa, 32000
T: 972-4-829-3459
F: 972-4-823-4757
eventzur@tx.technion.ac.il

**ITALY**
Prof. Fernando Sansò
Dipartimento di Ingegneria idraulica, ambientale, infrastrutture
viarie e rilevamento - Politecnico
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32
20133 Milano
T: 39 02 2399 6504
F: 39 02 2399 6530
fernando.sanso@polimi.it

**JAPAN**
Prof. Kosuke Heki
Department of Natural History Sciences
Hokkaido University
N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo
Hokkaido, 060-0810
T: 81 11 706 3826
F: 81 11 706 3826
heki@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp

**KOREA**
Dr. Pil-Ho Park
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
61-1, Hwaam-dong, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 305-348
T: 82 42 865 3232
F: 82 42 861 5610
phpark@kasi.re.kr

**LUXEMBOURG**
Ing. Germain Breger
Administration des Services du Géomètre
3, rue du Laboratoire, Ville de Luxembourg
L 1911 Luxembourg
T: 352 47 96 2394
F: 352 22 35 36
gbreger@vdl.lu
F.Y.R. MACEDONIA

Prof. Dr. Zlatko Srbinoski
Ss Cyril and Methodius University

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geodesy
Blvd. Partizanski odredi 24, PO Box 560
1000 Skopje

T: 389 2 311 6066 ext. 123
F: 389 2 311 8834

srbinoski@gf.ukim.edu.mk

MEXICO

Dr. Enrique Cabral
Instituto de Geofisica - UNAM
Ciudad Universitaria
04510, Mexico, D.F.

T: 52 55 5622 4120
F: 52 55 5616 2547

ecabral@geofisica.unam.mx

MOZAMBIQUE

José Luis Quembo

CENACARTA

Caixa Postal 83
Maputo

T: 285 21 300486

F: 285 21 321959

jlquembo@gmail.com

NETHERLANDS

Prof. Dr. Ir. Peter J. G. Teunissen
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
Mathematical Geodesy & Positioning
Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft

P.O. Box 5058
2629 GB Delft

T: 31 15 278 2558

F: 31 15 278 3711

p.j.g.teunissen@tudelft.nl

NEW ZEALAND

Dr. Matt Amos
Land Information NZ

Private Box 5501
Wellington 6145

T: 64 4 460 0559

mamos@linz.govt.nz

NIGERIA

Prof. Francis I. Okeke
Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
University of Nigeria, Unugu Campus

Enugu

T: 234 803 562 7286

francisokeke@yahoo.com

NORWAY

Per Erik Opseth
Norwegian Mapping Authority - Geodesy
3507 Honefoss

T: 47 3211 8119
F: 47 3211 8101

Per.Erik.Opseth@statkart.no

PAKISTAN

Deputy Director Rauf Ahmed
Survey of Pakistan, Surveyor General's Office
Murree Road

Rawalpindi
T: 92 51 929 0213
F: 92 51 929 0229

svyofpak@yahoo.com

PERU

M.Sc. Edmundo Norabuena
Instituto Geofisico del Perú
Calle Calatrava 216, Urb. Camino Real, La Molina
Lima 12

T: 51 1 436 8437

F: 51 1 436 8437

enorab@geo.igp.gob.pe

PHILIPPINES

Prof. Epifanio D. Lopez
Department of Geodetic Engineering
University of the Philippines

Diliman 1101 Quezon City
T: 632 920 8924

F: 632 920 8924

epifanio.lopez@up.edu.ph

POLAND

Prof. Dr. Jan Krynski
Institute of Geodesy and Cartography
Modzelewskiego St. 27

02-679 Warsaw
T: 48 22 329 1904

F: 48 22 329 1950

krynski@igik.edu.pl

PORTUGAL

Eng. João Manuel Agria Torres
SPUIAGG, Instituto Geofisico do Infante D. Luis
Universidade de Lisboa

Rua de Escola Politecnica 58
1250-102 Lisboa

T: 351 21 390 3311

F: 351 21 395 3327

jatorres@iol.pt

ROMANIA

Prof. Dr. Johann Neuner
Technical University of Civil Engineering
Bdul Lacul Tei, nr. 124

020396 Bucharest
T: 40 21 2433621

F: 40 21 2420793

neuner@utcb.ro, hneuner@rdslink.ro

RUSSIA

Prof. Viktor P. Savinykh
Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography
4 Gorokhovsky per.

105064 Moscow
T: 7 499 763 34 32

F: 7 499 267 46 81
svp@miigaik.ru
**SLOVAK REPUBLIC**
Dr. Ladislav Brimich
Geophysical Institute
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Dubravska Cesta 9
845 28 Bratislava 45
T: 421 2 5941 0600
F: 421 2 5941 0626
geofbrim@savba.sk

**SLOVENIA**
Dalibor Radovan
Geodetic Institute of Slovenia
Jamova 2
1000 Ljubljana
T: 386 120 02 900
F: 386 1 42 50 677
dalibor.radovan@geod-is.si

**SOUTH AFRICA**
Aslam Parker
Chief Directorate: Surveys and Mapping
Private Bag X10
Mowbray 7705
T: 021 658 4300
F: 021 689 1351
aparker@sli.wcape.gov.za

**SPAIN**
Prof. Miguel J. Sevilla
Instituto de Astronomía y Geodesia
Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas
Universidad Complutense
28040 Madrid
T: 34 91 394 4582
F: 34 91 394 4615
sevilla@mat.ucm.es

**SWEDEN**
Professor Lars E. Sjöberg
Department of Geodesy & Photogrammetry
Royal Institute of Technology
SE 100 44 Stockholm
T: 46 8 790 73 30
F: 46 8 790 73 43
sjoberg@geomatics.kth.se

**SWITZERLAND**
Dr. Beat Bürki
Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry
ETH Zürich
Schafmattstr. 34
8093 Zurich
T: 41 44 633 2644
F: 41 44 633 1066
beat.buerki@geod.baug.ethz.ch

**THAILAND**
Lt. Gen. Nopphadon Chotsiri, Director
Royal Thai Survey Department
Kalayanamaitri Street, Phranakhon
Bangkok, 10200
T: 66 2 221 2884
nopphadon@rtsd.mil.th

**TURKEY**
Col. Eng. Dr. Mustafa Kurt
Head of Geodesy Department
General Command of Mapping
06100 Dikimevi, Ankara
T: 90 312 595 2250
F: 90 312 320 1495
mustafa.kurt@hgk.msb.gov.tr

**UNITED KINGDOM**
Prof. DPhil Peter J. Clarke
School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences
G.12 Cassie Building, Newcastle University
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
T: 44 191 222 6351 (direct) or 6323
F: 44 191 222 6502
Peter.Clarke@newcastle.ac.uk

**USA**
Prof. Dr. Jeffrey Freymueller
Geophysical Institute and Department of
Geodesy and Geophysics
University of Alaska, Fairbanks
POB 757320
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320
T: 1 907 474 7286
F: 1 907 474 7290
jeff@giseis.alaska.edu / jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu

**VIETNAM**
Dr. Duong Chi Cong
Vietnam Institute of Geodesy and Cartography
Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay
Hanoi
T: 84 43 793 0367
F: 84 43 754 0186
chicong.duong@gmail.com
Geodetic Data Centres

The IAG Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) compiles and maintains a list of **Geodetic Data Centres**. All data compiled in this list are regularly revised by the IAG National Correspondents.

Considering the fact that addresses are subjected to frequent changes, the directory is stored as a file in the web to sustain the possibility of updates whenever useful. All information is available at the IAG Website (http://www.iag-aig.org/gdc).

All available data are stored in the IAG Website as soon as the responsible National Correspondent sends them to the IAG COB (address see below). All National Correspondents are kindly asked to inform the COB<fnref n="1" /> on any change.

Geodetic Publication Series

The IAG Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) compiles and maintains a list of **Geodetic Publication Series**. All data compiled in this list are regularly revised by the IAG National Correspondents.

Considering the fact that addresses are subjected to frequent changes, the directory is stored as a file in the web to sustain the possibility of updates whenever useful. All information is also available at the IAG Website (http://www.iag-aig.org/publications).

All available data are stored in the IAG Website as soon as the responsible National Correspondent sends them to the IAG COB (address see below). All National Correspondents are kindly asked to inform the COB<fnref n="1" /> on any change.

Educational Establishments
for Geodesy

The IAG Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) compiles and maintains a list of addresses of **Educational Establishments for Geodesy**. All data compiled in this list are regularly revised by the IAG National Correspondents. Considering the fact that addresses are subjected to frequent changes, the directory is stored as a file in the web to sustain the possibility of updates whenever useful. All information is also available at the IAG Website (http://www.iag-aig.org/education).

All available data are stored in the IAG Website as soon as
the responsible National Correspondent sends them to the
IAG COB (address see below). All National Correspon-
dents are kindly asked to inform the COB<fnref n="1" /> on any change.

IAG Directory

The IAG Directory comprises a list of addresses of geodesists who are in direct contact with the IAG by having attended an IUGG General Assembly, IAG Scientific Meeting, IAG Symposium in the recent years or maintain any other kind of contact. The addresses comprises the name, title, affiliation, postal address as well as phone/fax number and e-mail address of the respective persons.

Considering the fact that addresses are subjected to fre-
quent changes, the directory is stored as a file in the web to
sustain the possibility of updates whenever useful. Any
geodesists, who is listed in the directory is kindly asked to
update this information on the IAG website directly, after
logging in to the Members' Area. For more details, please
refer to the chapter *IAG on the Internet* in this issue.

Considering the rules of the protection of personal rights
this list is not generally open to everybody. The directory
is accessible by password for all individual IAG-members
via the IAG homepage <http://www.iag-aig.org/> as well
as on direct request to the IAG Office <iag@dgfi.badw.de>

<footnote n="1">¹ IAG Communication and Outreach Branch (COB)
c/o HAS-BME Research Group for Physical Geodesy and Geo-
dynamics
Department of Geodesy and Surveying
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
P.O.Box 91
H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
tel +36-1-463 3222/1204 / fax +36-1-463 3192
e-mail jadam@sci.fgt.bme.hu / szrozsa@iag-aig.org</footnote>