Journal of
Geodesy

The
Geodesist's
Handbook
2012

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

International
Association of
Geodesy

A constituent Association of the
**International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)**

Edited by:

**IAG Office**

Hermann Drewes, Helmut Hornik
Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut
Alfons-Goppel-Straße 11
D-80539 München, Germany

Phone: +49-89-23 031 1107, fax +49-89-23 031 1240

E-mail: iag@dgfi.badw.de

and

**IAG Communication and Outreach Branch (COB)**

József Ádám, Szabolcs Rózsa
Department of Geodesy and Surveying
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Physical Geodesy and Geodynamics Research Group
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
P.O.Box 91
H-1521 Budapest, Hungary

Phone: +36-1-463 3222/1204, fax +36-1-463 3192

e-mail: jadam@sci.fgt.bme.hu, szrozsa@iag-aig.org
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>
# GEODESIST'S HANDBOOK 2012

## Table of Contents

<table><tr><td>Foreword</td><td>791</td></tr></table>

### The International Association of Geodesy (IAG)

<table><tr><td>Historical overview</td><td>793</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Statutes</td><td>800</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Bylaws</td><td>803</td></tr><tr><td>Rules for IAG Scientific Meetings</td><td>814</td></tr><tr><td>Rules for the IAG Levallois Medal</td><td>816</td></tr><tr><td>Rules for the IAG Young Authors Award</td><td>816</td></tr><tr><td>Rules for the IAG Guy Bomford Prize</td><td>817</td></tr><tr><td>Rules for IAG Travel Awards</td><td>818</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Fund</td><td>819</td></tr><tr><td>Membership Application Form</td><td>820</td></tr></table>

### The XXV IUGG General Assembly

<table><tr><td>Report of the Secretary General</td><td>821</td></tr><tr><td>Levallois Medal Laudation</td><td>826</td></tr><tr><td>Guy Bomford Prize Lecture</td><td>828</td></tr><tr><td>Young Authors Award Citation</td><td>829</td></tr><tr><td>Minutes of the IAG Council Sessions</td><td>830</td></tr><tr><td>Summary of the IAG Executive Committee Sessions</td><td>834</td></tr><tr><td>IUGG Resolutions</td><td>839</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Resolutions</td><td>841</td></tr></table>

### Structures for the Period 2011 – 2015

<table><tr><td>International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)</td><td>842</td></tr><tr><td>International Association of Geodesy (IAG)</td><td>843</td></tr><tr><td>Commission 1 – Reference Frames</td><td>845</td></tr><tr><td>Commission 2 – Gravity Field</td><td>861</td></tr><tr><td>Commission 3 – Earth Rotation and Geodynamics</td><td>883</td></tr><tr><td>Commission 4 – Positioning and Applications</td><td>892</td></tr><tr><td>Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT)</td><td>903</td></tr><tr><td>Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)</td><td>915</td></tr></table>
## IAG Scientific Services

<table><tr><td>IAG Bibliographic Service (IBS)</td><td>927</td></tr><tr><td>International Altimetry Service (IAS)</td><td>928</td></tr><tr><td>International Bureau on Weights and Measures (BIPM) – Time Department</td><td>929</td></tr><tr><td>International Centre for Earth Tides (ICET)</td><td>931</td></tr><tr><td>International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM)</td><td>932</td></tr><tr><td>International DORIS Service (IDS)</td><td>935</td></tr><tr><td>International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)</td><td>939</td></tr><tr><td>International Geoid Service (IGeS)</td><td>941</td></tr><tr><td>International GPS Service (IGS)</td><td>943</td></tr><tr><td>International Gravimetric Bureau (BGI)</td><td>946</td></tr><tr><td>International Gravity Field Service (IGFS)</td><td>950</td></tr><tr><td>International Laser Range Service (ILRS)</td><td>952</td></tr><tr><td>International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS)</td><td>954</td></tr><tr><td>Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL)</td><td>956</td></tr><tr><td>Communication and Outreach Branch (COB)</td><td>958</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Representatives to Scientific Bodies</td><td>960</td></tr></table>

## General Information

<table><tr><td>Geodetic Standards and Conventions</td><td>961</td></tr><tr><td>IAG on the Internet</td><td>965</td></tr><tr><td>Publications of the IAG</td><td>968</td></tr><tr><td>IAG National Correspondents</td><td>969</td></tr><tr><td>Geodetic Data Centres</td><td>974</td></tr><tr><td>Educational Establishments for Geodesy</td><td>974</td></tr><tr><td>Geodetic Publication Series</td><td>974</td></tr><tr><td>IAG Directory</td><td>974</td></tr></table>
Foreword

The International Association of Geodesy (IAG) publishes periodically after each IUGG/IAG General Assembly a new issue of the Geodesist's Handbook. The objective is to present the current IAG structures and specifications, and to introduce the terms of reference and officers of the Association's components to the broad geodetic community. The scientific program and the planned activities for the upcoming legislature period are described in detail.

The first part of the Handbook 2012 reviews the latest developments and presents the current status of IAG. The IAG Statutes, Bylaws and Rules are published in their latest versions.

The second part summarizes the official outcome of the 43rd IAG General Assembly held in conjunction with the 25th IUGG General Assembly in Melbourne, Australia, in June/July 2011. An overview of the most important IAG results from 2007 to 2011 is given in the presidential address. The citations of the scientists decorated in Melbourne with the highest IAG awards (Levallois Medal, Guy Bomford Prize, and Young Authors Award) are published. Reports of the Secretary General, the IAG Council and Executive Committee meetings, and the resolutions conclude this section.

The third part of the Handbook contains the detailed structures and programs for the period 2011-2015. All IAG components (Commissions, Services, the Global Geodetic Observing System, and the Communication and Outreach Branch) are presented along with their sub-components (Inter-commission Committee, Sub-commissions, Projects, Study Groups and Working Groups). This part describes the planed scientific work of IAG during the coming years.

The fourth part completes the Handbook with some general information useful for the geodetic community. Geodetic standards and conventions relevant for geodesy are summarized, the IAG Internet representation is highlighted, and the IAG national representatives and main IAG publication series are listed.

We'd like to thank all the contributors to the Geodesist's Handbook 2012. These are in particular all the IAG officers listed in the structures, but also the uncounted secretaries and technicians in the institutions affiliated with IAG or one of its components or sub-components. The engaged and authentic cooperation in geodesy is one of the most effective means for the great success of our science. We hope that this collaboration will be continued or even extended in the current period 2011 – 2015.

Hermann Drewes
Secretary General

Helmut Hornik
Assistant Secretary General

József Ádám
COB President

Szabolcs Rózsa
COB Secretary

© The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

**Open Access** This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
List of Previous Geodesist's Handbooks

1980: Bulletin Géodésique, vol. 54, no. 3

1984: Bulletin Géodésique, vol. 58, no. 3

1988: Bulletin Géodésique, vol. 62, no. 3

1992: Bulletin Géodésique, vol. 66, no. 3

1996: Journal of Geodesy, vol. 70, no. 12

2000: Journal of Geodesy, vol. 74, no. 1

2004: Journal of Geodesy, vol. 77, no. 10-11

2008: Journal of Geodesy, vol. 82, no. 11
# The International Association of Geodesy (IAG)

## Historical Overview

J. Ádám¹, H. Drewes²

¹President of the IAG Communication and Outreach Branch, ²IAG Secretary General

This compilation is based on the paper of Ádám (2008) the tables of which are updated with the information of the IAG period 2007-2011. The purpose is the documentation of the history of IAG in a continuous way.

### Reference

Ádám J. (2008): Update of the History of the International Association of Geodesy. In: The Geodesist's Handbook 2008. *Journal of Geodesy*, 82(2008), 11(662-674).

<table><caption>Table 1: General Assemblies of the International Association of Geodesy</caption><thead><tr><th>No</th><th>Meeting Location</th><th>Year</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="3"><strong>I. General Conferences</strong></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>I.a. "Mitteleuropäische Gradmessung" (1862-1867)</em></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Berlin, Prussia</td><td>1864</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Berlin, Prussia</td><td>1867</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>I.b. „Europäische Gradmessung“ (1867-1886)</em></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Vienna, Austria</td><td>1871</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Dresden, Saxony</td><td>1874</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Stuttgart, Würtemberg</td><td>1877</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Munich, Bavaria</td><td>1880</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Rome, Italy</td><td>1883</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Berlin, Prussia</td><td>1886</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>I.c. International Geodetic Association (Internationale Erdmessung) (1886-1919)</em></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Paris, France</td><td>1889</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Brussels, Belgium</td><td>1892</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Berlin, Germany</td><td>1895</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Stuttgart, Germany</td><td>1898</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Paris, France</td><td>1900</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td><td>1903</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Budapest, Austria-Hungary</td><td>1906</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Cambridge, United Kingdom</td><td>1909</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Hamburg, Germany</td><td>1912</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="3"><strong>II. General Assemblies</strong> of the Section and the Association of Geodesy as part of the General Assemblies of the IUGG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>II.a Section of Geodesy of the IUGG (1922-1933)</em></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Brussels, Belgium (Constitutive Assembly)</td><td>1919</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Rome, Italy</td><td>1922</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Madrid, Spain</td><td>1924</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Prague, Czechoslovakia</td><td>1927</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Stockholm, Sweden</td><td>1930</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Lisbon, Portugal</td><td>1933</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>II.b. Association of Geodesy (1933-1946)</em></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Edinburgh, United Kingdom</td><td>1936</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Washington, United States</td><td>1939</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><em>II.c. International Association of Geodesy (IAG; 1946-....)</em></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Oslo, Norway</td><td>1948</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Brussels, Belgium</td><td>1951</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Rome, Italy</td><td>1954</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Toronto, Canada</td><td>1957</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Helsinki, Finland</td><td>1960</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Berkeley, United States</td><td>1963</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Zurich-Lucerne, Switzerland</td><td>1967</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Moscow, USSR</td><td>1971</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Grenoble, France</td><td>1975</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Canberra, Australia</td><td>1979</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Hamburg, F.R. Germany</td><td>1983</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Vancouver, Canada</td><td>1987</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Vienna, Austria</td><td>1991</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Boulder, USA</td><td>1995</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>Birmingham, United Kingdom</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Sapporo, Japan</td><td>2003</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Perugia, Italy</td><td>2007</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Melbourne, Australia</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Prague, Czech Republic</td><td>2015</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 2: Scientific Assemblies of the IAG</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Meeting Location</td><td>Date</td><td>Number of participants</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Tokio, Japan</td><td>May 7-15,1982</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Edinburgh, Scotland</td><td>August 3-12,1989</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Beijing, China</td><td>August 8-13,1993</td><td>350</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</td><td>September 3-9,1997</td><td>350</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Budapest, Hungary</td><td>September 2-7, 2001</td><td>461</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Cairns, Australia (*)</td><td>August 22-26, 2005</td><td>724 (IAG:145)</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Buenos Aires, Argentina</td><td>August 31- Sept. 4, 2009</td><td>363</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Potsdam, Germany</td><td>September 1-6, 2013</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 3: IAG Presidents</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Period</td><td>Name</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>I.a.b.</td><td>"Mitteleuropäische Gradmessung" (1862-1867) and „Europäische Gradmessung" (1867-1886)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>1864-1868</td><td>Peter Andreas Hansen</td><td>Gotha, Thuringia</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1869-1874</td><td>August von Fligely</td><td>Vienna, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1874-1886</td><td>Carlos Ibañez e Ibañez de Ibero</td><td>Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>I.c.</td><td>International Geodetic Association (Internationale Erdmessung) (1886-1919)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1887-1891</td><td>Carlos Ibañez e Ibañez de Ibero</td><td>Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1892-1902</td><td>Hervé E. A. A. Faye</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1903-1917</td><td>Léon J. A. Bassot</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>II.a</td><td>Section of Geodesy of the IUGG (1922-1933)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>1922-1933</td><td>William Bowie</td><td>Washington, USA</td></tr><tr><td>II.b.</td><td>(International) Association of Geodesy (1933-....)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>1933-1945</td><td>Felix A. Vening-Meinez</td><td>Amersfoort, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>1945-1951</td><td>Walter D. Lambert</td><td>Washington, USA</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>1951-1954</td><td>Carl F. Baeschlin</td><td>Zurich, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>1954-1957</td><td>James de Graaf Hunter</td><td>London, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>1957-1960</td><td>Gino Cassinis</td><td>Milan, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>1960-1963</td><td>Charles A. Whitten</td><td>Washington, USA</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>1963-1967</td><td>Guy Bomford</td><td>London, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>1967-1971</td><td>Antonio Marussi</td><td>Trieste, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>1971-1975</td><td>Youri D. Boulanger</td><td>Moscow, USSR</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>1975-1979</td><td>Tauno J. Kukkamäki</td><td>Helsinki, Finland</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>1979-1983</td><td>Helmut Moritz</td><td>Graz, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>1983-1987</td><td>Peter V. Angus-Leppan</td><td>Kensington, Australia</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>1987-1991</td><td>Ivan I. Mueller</td><td>Columbus, USA</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>1991-1995</td><td>Wolfgang Torge</td><td>Hannover, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>1995-1999</td><td>Klaus-Peter Schwarz</td><td>Calgary, Canada</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>1999-2003</td><td>Fernandó Sansó</td><td>Milan, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>2003-2007</td><td>Gerhard Beutler</td><td>Bern, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>2007-2011</td><td>Michael G. Sideris</td><td>Calgary, Canada</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>2011-2015</td><td>Chris Rizos</td><td>Sydney, Australia</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>(*) with IAPSO and IABO</footnote>
<table><caption>**Table 4: IAG Secretaries (Secretaries General)**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Period</td><td>Name</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1886-1900</td><td>Adolf Hirsch</td><td>Neuchatel, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1900-1918</td><td>Hendricus G. van de Sande-Bakhuysen</td><td>Leiden, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1919-1945</td><td>Georges Perrier</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1946-1960</td><td>Pierre Tardi</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1960-1975</td><td>Jean-Jacques Levallois</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>1975-1991</td><td>Michel Louis</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>1991-1995</td><td>Claude Boucher</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>1995-2007</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>2007-</td><td>Hermann Drewes</td><td>Munich, Germany</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 5: Hosts and Directors of the IAG Central Bureau / IAG Office (since 2007)**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Period</td><td>Host Institute</td><td>Directors</td><td>Place, Country</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1864 – 1885<br>1886 – 1917</td><td>Royal Prussian Geodetic Institute</td><td>Johann Jacob Baeyer<br>Friedrich Robert Helmert</td><td>Potsdam, Prussia/Germany</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1922 – 1946<br>1946 – 1960<br>1960 – 1975<br>1975 – 1991<br>1991 – 1995</td><td>Institut Géographique National (IGN)</td><td>Georges Perrier<br>Pierre Tardi<br>Jean-Jacques Levallois<br>Michel Louis<br>Claude Boucher</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1995 – 2007</td><td>Niels Bohr Institute, Department of Geophysics, University of Copenhagen</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>2007 –</td><td>Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI)</td><td>Hermann Drewes</td><td>Munich, Germany</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 6: Editors in Chief of Official Journals of the IAG (BG = Bulletin Géodésique, MG = Manuscripta Geodaetica, BG and MG merged to JoG = Journal of Geodesy)**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Journal</td><td>Period</td><td>Name of Editor-in-Chief</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>BG</td><td>1922 – 1945</td><td>Georges Perrier</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>BG</td><td>1946 – 1951</td><td>Pierre Tardi</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>BG</td><td>1952 – 1964</td><td>Jean-Jacques Levallois</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>BG</td><td>1965 – 1975</td><td>Michel Louis</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>BG</td><td>1975 – 1986</td><td>Ivan I. Mueller</td><td>Columbus, USA</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>BG</td><td>1987 – 1995</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>MG</td><td>1976 – 1980</td><td>Ivan I. Mueller</td><td>Columbus, USA</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>MG</td><td>1980 – 1982</td><td>Peter Meissl</td><td>Graz, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>MG</td><td>1982 – 1988</td><td>Erwin Groten</td><td>Darmstadt, F.R. Germany</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>MG</td><td>1989 – 1991</td><td>Clyde C. Goad / Erik W. Grafarend</td><td>Columbus, USA / Stuttgart, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>MG</td><td>1991 – 1995</td><td>Petr Vaniček</td><td>New Brunswick, Canada</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>JoG</td><td>1995 – 2003</td><td>Peter J. G. Teunissen</td><td>Delft, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>JoG</td><td>2003 – 2007</td><td>William E. Featherstone</td><td>Perth, Australia</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>JoG</td><td>2007 –</td><td>Roland Klees</td><td>Delft, The Netherlands</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 7: Editors of The Geodesist's Handbook**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Year</td><td>Editor</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1980</td><td>Ivan I. Mueller</td><td>Columbus, USA</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1984</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1988</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1992</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1996</td><td>Pascal Willis</td><td>Paris, France</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>2000</td><td>Ole B. Andersen</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>2004</td><td>Ole B. Andersen</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>2008</td><td>Hermann Drewes, Helmut Hornik / József Ádám, Szabolcs Rózsa</td><td>Munich, Germany / Budapest, Hungary</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>2012</td><td>Hermann Drewes, Helmut Hornik / József Ádám, Szabolcs Rózsa</td><td>Munich, Germany / Budapest, Hungary</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 8: Bomford Prize Awardees of the IAG**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Year</td><td>Name of Scientist</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1975</td><td>Erik W. Graffarend</td><td>Munich, F.R. Germany</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1979</td><td>Fernandó Sansó</td><td>Milan, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1983</td><td>John Wahr</td><td>Boulder, USA</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1987</td><td>Peter J. G. Teunissen</td><td>Delft, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1991</td><td>Shuhei Okubo</td><td>Tokyo, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>1995</td><td>Thomas A. Herring</td><td>Cambridge, USA</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>1999</td><td>Véronique Dehant</td><td>Brussels, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>2003</td><td>Ramon Hanssen</td><td>Delft, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>2007</td><td>Masato Furuya</td><td>Tokyo, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>2011</td><td>Johannes Böhm</td><td>Vienna, Austria</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 9: Levallois Medal Awardees of the IAG**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Year</td><td>Name of Scientist</td><td>Residence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1983</td><td>Charles A. Whitten</td><td>Washington, USA</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1983</td><td>Rudolf Sigl</td><td>Munich, F.R. Germany</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1987</td><td>Arne Bjerhammar</td><td>Stockholm, Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1991</td><td>Paul Melchior</td><td>Brussels, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1995</td><td>Willem Baarda</td><td>Delft, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>1999</td><td>Torben Krarup</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>2003</td><td>George Veis</td><td>Athen, Greece</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>2007</td><td>Carl Christian Tscherning</td><td>Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>2011</td><td>Ruth Edwards Neilan</td><td>Pasadena, USA</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 10: IAG Best Young Author Awardees**</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>Year</td><td>Author's name</td><td>Country</td><td>Title of the publication</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>1993</td><td>Hussein Abou-Elsoaad Abd-Elmotaal</td><td>Egypt</td><td>Vening-Meinesz Moho depths: traditional, exact and approximated. <i>Manuscripta Geodaetica</i>, 18 (1993), 4 (171-181)</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>1994</td><td>Jean-Pierre Barriot</td><td>France</td><td>Line of sight operators in planetary Geodesy <i>Manuscripta Geodaetica</i>, 19 (1994), 5 (269-283).</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1995</td><td>Srinivas V. Bettadpur</td><td>India</td><td>Hotine's geopotential formulation: revisited. <i>Bulletin Géodésique</i>, 69 (1995), 3(135-142).</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1996</td><td>Giovanna Sona</td><td>Italy</td><td>Numerical problems in the computation of ellipsoidal harmonics. <i>Journal of Geodesy</i>, 70 (1995), 1-2 (117-126).</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>1997</td><td>none</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>1998</td><td>Cheinway Hwang</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>Inverse Vening-Meinesz formula and deflection geoid formula: applications to the predictions of gravity and geoid over the South China Sea. <i>Journal of Geodesy</i>, 72(1998), 5(304-312).</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>1999</td><td>Peiliang Xu</td><td>China</td><td>Biases and accuracy of, and an alternative to, discrete nonlinear filters. <i>Journal of Geodesy</i>, 73(1999), 1 (35-46).</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>2000</td><td>Christopher Kotsakis<br/>Rüdiger Lehmann</td><td>Canada<br/>Germany</td><td>Kotsakis, C.: The multiresolution character of collection. <i>Journal of Geodesy</i>, 74(2000), 3-4 (275-290). Lehmann, R.: Altimetry-gravimetry problems with free vertical datum. <i>Journal of Geodesy</i>, 74(2000), 3-4 (327-334).</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 10 cont:</caption><tr><td>9</td><td>2001</td><td>Susan Skone</td><td>Canada</td><td>The impact of magnetic stourms on GPS receiver performance. Journal of Geodesy, 75 (2001), 9-10 (457-468).</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>2002</td><td>none</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>2003</td><td>Michael Kern</td><td>Germany</td><td>A study on the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial gravity data (with K.-P. Schwarz and N.Sneeuw). Journal of Geodesy, 77 (2003), 3-4 (217-225).</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>2004</td><td>Shfaqat Abbas Khan</td><td>Pakistan</td><td>Shallow water loading tides in Japan from superconducting gravity (with J.L. Hoyer). Journal of Geodesy, 78 (2004), 4-5 (245-250).</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>2005</td><td>Roland Pail</td><td>Austria</td><td>A parametric study on the impact of satellite attitude errors on GOCE gravity field recovery. Journal of Geodesy, 79 (2005), 4-5 (231-241).</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>2006</td><td>Steffen Schön</td><td>Germany</td><td>Uncertainty in GPS networks due to remaining systematic errors: the internal approach (with H. Kutterer). Journal of Geodesy, 80 (2006), 3 (150-162).</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>2007</td><td>none</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>2008</td><td>Franziska Wild-Pfeiffer</td><td>Germany</td><td>A comparison of different mass elements for use in gravity gradiometry. Journal of Geodesy, 82 (2008), 10(637-653).</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>2009</td><td>none</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>2010</td><td>Eilzabeth Petri</td><td>UK</td><td>A first look at the effects of ionospheric signal bending on a globally processed GPS network. Journal of Geodesy, 84 (2010), 8(491-499).</td></tr></table>

<table><caption>Table 11: IAG Services</caption><thead><tr><td>No</td><td>accronym</td><td>Name of the IAG Service (and address of the homepage)</td><td>Year of establishment</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>BGI</td><td>Bureau Gravimetrique International / http://bgi.cnes.fr</td><td>1951</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>BIH</td><td>Bureau International de l'Heure (1987 integrated into IERS)</td><td>1912</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>BIPM</td><td>Bureau International des Poids et Measures – Time Department / http://www.bipm.org</td><td>1875</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>IAS</td><td>International Altimeter Service / http://www.dgfi.badw.de/services</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>IBS</td><td>IAG Bibliographic Service / http://www.bkg.bund.de</td><td>(1889) 1984</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>ICET</td><td>International Center for Earth Tides / http://www.astro.oma.be/ICET</td><td>1956</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>ICGEM</td><td>International Centre for Global Earth Models / http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM</td><td>2003</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>IDEMS</td><td>International Digital Elevation Models Service / http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/EAPRS/iag/</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>IDS</td><td>International DORIS Service / http://ids.cls.fr</td><td>2003</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>IERS</td><td>International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service / http://www.iers.org</td><td>1987</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>IGeS</td><td>International Geoid Service / http://www.iges.polimi.it</td><td>1991</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>IGFS</td><td>International Gravity Field Service / http://www.igfs.net</td><td>2004</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>IGS</td><td>International GNSS Service / http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov</td><td>1994</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>ILRS</td><td>International Laser Ranging Service / http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov</td><td>1998</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>ILS</td><td>International Latitude Service (1962 renamed International Polar Motion Service, IPMS)</td><td>1899</td></tr><tr><td>-</td><td>IPMS</td><td>International Polar Motion Service (Successor of ILS, 1987 integrated into IERS)</td><td>1962</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>IVS</td><td>International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry / http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>PSMSL</td><td>Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level / http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl</td><td>1933</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 12: Fellows of the IAG</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1991:</td><td>O. Fadahunsi (Nigeria),</td><td>R. Klees (The Netherlands),</td><td>C. Reigber (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>D.A. Adebekun (Nigeria),</td><td>F. Fajemirokun (Nigeria),</td><td>K.R. Koch (Germany),</td><td>A.R. Robbins (UK),</td></tr><tr><td>D.-E. Ajakaiye (USA),</td><td>M. Feissel-Vernier (France),</td><td>B. Kolaczek (Poland),</td><td>R.S. Rostom (Kenya),</td></tr><tr><td>V. Ashkenazi (UK),</td><td>I. Fejes (Hungary),</td><td>K. Konan (Ivory Coast),</td><td>R. Rummel (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>W. Augath (Germany),</td><td>I.K. Fischer (USA),</td><td>J. Kovalevsky (France),</td><td>F. Sacerdote (Italy),</td></tr><tr><td>T.F. Baker (UK),</td><td>R. Forsberg (Denmark),</td><td>Y. Kozai (Japan),</td><td>F. Sansó (Italy),</td></tr><tr><td>G. Balmino (France),</td><td>P. Forsyth (Canada),</td><td>J. Krynski (Poland),</td><td>N.K. Saxena (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>L.W. Baran (Poland),</td><td>D. Fritsch (Germany),</td><td>M. Kumar (USA),</td><td>B. Schaffrin (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>G. Birardi (Italy),</td><td>J. Gaignebet (France),</td><td>J.T. Kuo (USA),</td><td>G. Schmitt (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>A. Bjerhammar (Sweden),</td><td>E.M. Gaposchkin (USA),</td><td>M.P.M. Lefebvre (France),</td><td>B.E. Schutz (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>D. Blitzkow (Brazil),</td><td>C. Gemael (Brazil),</td><td>D. Lelgemann (Germany),</td><td>K.-P. Schwarz (Canada),</td></tr><tr><td>Y. Bock (USA),</td><td>C.C. Goad (USA),</td><td>G.W. Lennon (Australia),</td><td>G. Seeber (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>G. Boedecker (Germany),</td><td>E.W. Grafarend (Germany),</td><td>G. Lensen (New Zealand),</td><td>M.J. Sevilla (Spain),</td></tr><tr><td>J.D. Bossler (USA),</td><td>E. Groten (Germany),</td><td>J-J. Lavallois (France),</td><td>P.J. Shelus (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>C. Boucher (France),</td><td>E. Gubler (Switzerland),</td><td>E. Livieratos (Greece),</td><td>M.G. Sideris (Canada),</td></tr><tr><td>P. Brosche (Germany),</td><td>B. Guinot (France),</td><td>M. Louis (France),</td><td>L.E. Sjöberg (Sweden),</td></tr><tr><td>F.K. Brunner (Austria),</td><td>B. Heck (Germany),</td><td>G.R. Mader (USA),</td><td>R.A. Snay (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>M. Burša (Czech Republik),</td><td>G. Hein (Germany),</td><td>J. Makris (Germany),</td><td>H. Sünkel (Austria),</td></tr><tr><td>J. Campbell (Germany),</td><td>H. Henneberg (Venezuela),</td><td>A. Mancini (USA),</td><td>T. Tanaka (Japan),</td></tr><tr><td>G. Carrera (Canada),</td><td>S. Henriksen (USA),</td><td>I. Marson (Italy),</td><td>P.J.G. Teunissen (The Netherlands),</td></tr><tr><td>M. Charfi (Tunisia),</td><td>P. Holota (Czech Republic),</td><td>M. McNutt (USA),</td><td>W. Torge (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>J. Y. Chen (China),</td><td>L. Hora (Czech Republic),</td><td>D.D. McCarthy (USA),</td><td>C.C. Tscherning (Denmark),</td></tr><tr><td>B. H. Chovitz (USA),</td><td>H.T. Hsu (China),</td><td>W.G. Melbourne (USA),</td><td>P. Vaniček (Canada),</td></tr><tr><td>O. Coker (Nigeria),</td><td>J.R. Huddle (USA),</td><td>P. Melchior (Belgium),</td><td>C. Veillet (France),</td></tr><tr><td>O. L. Colombo (USA),</td><td>C. Jekeli (USA),</td><td>C. Morelli (Italy),</td><td>P. Vyskočil (Czech Republic),</td></tr><tr><td>A. Comolet-Tirman (France),</td><td>G. Jentzsch (Germany),</td><td>H. Moritz (Austria),</td><td>J. Wahr (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>A.H. Cook (UK),</td><td>I. Joó (Hungary),</td><td>I.I. Mueller (USA),</td><td>D.E. Wells (Canada),</td></tr><tr><td>P.A. Cross (UK),</td><td>C.S. Joshi (India),</td><td>I. Nakagawa (Japan),</td><td>W.M. Welsch (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>K. I. Daugherty (USA),</td><td>H.-G. Kahle (Switzerland),</td><td>A. Nobili (Italy),</td><td>L.A. White (Australia),</td></tr><tr><td>P. de Jonge (USA),</td><td>H.P. Kahmen (Austria),</td><td>J.D. Obel (Kenya),</td><td>P. Wilson (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>A. Dermanis (Greece),</td><td>J. Kakkuri (Finland),</td><td>M.Odlanicki-Poczobut (Poland),</td><td>P.L. Woodworth (UK),</td></tr><tr><td>J.O. Dickey (USA),</td><td>K. Kasahara (Japan),</td><td>B.P. Pertsev (Russia),</td><td>A. Waalewijn (The Netherlands),</td></tr><tr><td>A.H. Dodson (UK),</td><td>E. Kausel (Chile),</td><td>K. Poder (Denmark),</td><td>Y.Y. Yatskiv (Ukraine),</td></tr><tr><td>B.C. Douglas (USA),</td><td>H. Kautzleben (Germany),</td><td>C. Poitevin (Belgium),</td><td>K. Yokoyama (Japan),</td></tr><tr><td>A. Drozyner (Poland),</td><td>A.H.W. Kearsley (Australia),</td><td>M.T. Prilepin (Russia),</td><td>D.B. Zilkoski (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>H. Dufour (France),</td><td>R.W. King (USA),</td><td>J. Rais (Indonesia),</td><td>J.D. Zund (USA).</td></tr><tr><td>D. Eckhardt (USA),</td><td>A. Kiviniemi (Finland),</td><td>R.H. Rapp (USA),</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1995:</td><td>G.K. Elgered (Sweden),</td><td>S. Molodensky (Russia),</td><td>C.-K. Shum (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>J. Ádám (Hungary),</td><td>B. Engen (Norway),</td><td>R. Neilan (USA),</td><td>T.A.Th. Spoelstra (The Netherlands),</td></tr><tr><td>R. Barzaghi (Italy),</td><td>A. Geiger (Switzerland),</td><td>C. Noll (USA),</td><td>S. Takemoto (Japan),</td></tr><tr><td>M. Becker (Germany),</td><td>T. Kato (Japan),</td><td>S. Okubo (Japan),</td><td>C. Thomas (France),</td></tr><tr><td>G. Beutler (Switzerland),</td><td>A. Kleusberg (Germany),</td><td>P. Pâquet (Belgium),</td><td>J.A. Weightman (UK),</td></tr><tr><td>W. Bosch (Germany),</td><td>J. Kouba (Canada),</td><td>J.C. Ries (USA),</td><td>P. Willis (France),</td></tr><tr><td>B.F. Chao (USA),</td><td>H. Landau (Germany),</td><td>J.M. Rüeger (Australia),</td><td>C. Wilson (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>H. Denker (Germany),</td><td>R.B. Langley (Canada),</td><td>E.J.O. Schrama (The Netherlands),</td><td>T. Yunck (USA).</td></tr><tr><td>J. Dow (Germany),</td><td>K. Linkwitz (Germany),</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1999:</td><td>J.M. Bosworth (USA),</td><td>W. Freeden (Germany),</td><td>C. Rizos (Australia),</td></tr><tr><td>N. Andersen (Denmark),</td><td>A. Cazenave (France),</td><td>T. Herring (USA),</td><td>C. Rocken (USA),</td></tr><tr><td>D. Arabelos (Greece),</td><td>T.A. Clark (USA),</td><td>K.-H. Ilk (Germany),</td><td>I.N. Tziavos (Greece),</td></tr><tr><td>M.G. Arur (India),</td><td>J. Degnan (USA),</td><td>J. Johanssen (Sweden),</td><td>M. Vermeer M. (Finland),</td></tr><tr><td>L. Ballani (Germany),</td><td>V. Dehant (Belgium),</td><td>P. Knudsen (Denmark),</td><td>M. Wei (Canada),</td></tr><tr><td>G.B. Benciolini (Italy),</td><td>H. Drewes (Germany),</td><td>Z.-X. Li (China),</td><td>D. Wolf (Germany),</td></tr><tr><td>M.G. Bevis (USA),</td><td>B. Ducarme (Belgium),</td><td>J. Manning (Australia),</td><td>S. Zerbini (Italy).</td></tr><tr><td>G. Blewitt (UK),</td><td>W. Featherstone (Australia),</td><td>N. Pavlis (USA),</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 12 cont:</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2003:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>E.F. Arias (Argentina),<br>J.-P. Barriot (France),<br>P.A. Berry (UK),<br>C.A. Brunini (Argentina),<br>C. Bruyninx (Belgium),<br>D. Gambis (France),<br>G. Gendt (Germany),<br>R.S. Gross (USA),</td><td>W. Gurtner (Switzerland),<br>S. Han (Australia),<br>R. Hanssen (The Netherlands),<br>B.G. Harsson (Norway),<br>C. Hwang (Taiwan),<br>W. Keller (Germany),<br>S.C. Kenyon (USA),<br>R. Kursinski (USA),<br>H. Kutterer (Germany),</td><td>R. Lehman (Germany),<br>A. Marchenko (Ukraine),<br>R. Scharroo (The Netherlands),<br>W. Schlüter (Germany),<br>T. Schöne (Germany),<br>S. Skone (Canada),<br>N. Sneeuw (Canada),<br>M. Stewart (Australia),<br>G. Strykowski (Denmark),</td><td>C. Tiberius (The Netherlands),<br>H. van der Marel (The<br>Netherlands),<br>N. Vandenberg (USA).<br>P. Visser (The Netherlands),<br>L. Vitushkin (France),<br>J. Vondrak (Czech Republic),<br>R. Weber (Austria),<br>Y. Yuanxi (China).</td></tr><tr><td>2007:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Z. Altamimi (France),<br>R. Biancale (France),<br>M. Craymer (Canada),<br>D. Crossley (USA),<br>R. Dietrich (Germany),<br>X. Ding (Hong Kong),<br>L.P.S. Fortes (Brazil),<br>Y. Gao (Hong Kong),<br>D. Grejner-Brzezinska (USA),</td><td>K. Heki (Japan),<br>L. Hothem (USA),<br>J. Huang (China),<br>J. Ihde (Germany),<br>M. Kuhn (Australia),<br>J. Kusche (The Netherlands),<br>U. Marti (Switzerland),<br>C. Merry (South Africa),<br>A.W. Moore (USA),<br>P. Novák (Czech Republic),</td><td>M.C. Pacino (Argentina),<br>M.R. Pearlman (USA),<br>H.-P. Plag (USA),<br>M. Poutanen (Finland),<br>B. Richter (Germany),<br>M. Rothacher (Germany),<br>Sz. Rózsa (Hungary),<br>M. Scheinert (Germany),<br>H. Schuch (Austria),<br>H.-P. Sun (China),</td><td>J.A. Torres (Portugal),<br>Gy. Tóth (Hungary),<br>P. Tregoning (Australia),<br>M. Verroneau (Canada),<br>J. Wang (Australia),<br>R. Wonnacott (South Africa),<br>P. Xu (Japan),<br>J. Yu (China),<br>S.Y. Zhu (Germany).</td></tr><tr><td>2011:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt),<br>L. Alfonsi (Italy),<br>D. Behrend (USA),<br>S. Bettadpur (USA),<br>S. Bisnath (Canada),<br>A. Brzezinski (Poland),<br>T. van Dam (Luxembourg),<br>J. Davis (USA),<br>Y. Fang (Australia),<br>J. Freymueller (USA),</td><td>Y. Fukuda (Japan),<br>Th. Hobiger (Japan),<br>H. Hornik (Germany),<br>S. Jin (South Korea),<br>M.O. Karslioglu (Turkey),<br>Ch. Kotsakis (Greece),<br>S. Lambert (France),<br>F. Lemoine (USA),<br>C. Ma (USA),<br>Z. Malkin (Russia),<br>S. Matsuzaka (Japan),</td><td>Gy. Mentes (Hungary),<br>A. Michlenz (Germany),<br>M. Omura (Japan),<br>R. Pail (Germany),<br>J. Ray (USA),<br>A. Reiterer (Germany),<br>G. Retscher (Austria),<br>L.J. Rickards (UK),<br>D. Roman (USA),<br>L. Sanchez (Germany),<br>M. Santos (Canada),</td><td>M. Schmidt (Germany),<br>F. Seitz (Germany),<br>L. Soudarin (France),<br>G. Tavernier (France),<br>S. Verhagen (The Netherlands),<br>Y.M. Wang (USA),<br>J. Wickert (Germany),<br>H. Wilmes (Germany).</td></tr></tbody></table>
# IAG Statutes

adopted by the IAG Council

on July 9, 2007 at the XXIV IUGG General Assembly in Perugia, Italy

## 1. Definition of Terms

(a) Geodesy is the discipline that deals with the measurement and representation (geometry, physics, temporal variations) of the Earth and other celestial bodies.

(b) IUGG means the International Union of Geodesy & Geophysics.

(c) IAG or Association means the International Association of Geodesy.

(d) Adhering Body has the same meaning as in the Statutes of the IUGG.

(e) General Assembly means an assembly for scientific and/or administrative purposes of:

(i) the delegates appointed by the adhering bodies; and

(ii) individual members as defined by Statute 6(b)

(f) Period means the interval of time between the closures of two successive ordinary General Assemblies.

## 2. International Association of Geodesy

(a) The International Association of Geodesy:

(i) is a constituent Association of the IUGG; and

(ii) is subject to the Statutes and Bylaws of the IUGG.

(b) In the event of the dissolution of the IAG, its assets shall be ceded to the IUGG.

## 3. Mission

The Mission of the Association is the advancement of geodesy. The IAG implements its mission by furthering geodetic theory through research and teaching, by collecting, analyzing, modelling and interpreting observational data, by stimulating technological development and by providing a consistent representation of the figure, rotation, and gravity field of the Earth and planets, and their temporal variations.

## 4. Objectives

The IAG shall pursue the following objectives to achieve its mission:

(a) Study, at the highest possible level of accuracy, all geodetic problems related to Earth observation and global change, including:

i) Definition, establishment, and maintenance of global and regional reference systems for interdisciplinary use.

ii) Rotation of the Earth and planets.

iii) Positioning and deformation studies.

iv) Gravity field determination.

v) Ocean, ice and sea level.

vi) Time transfer.

vii) Signal propagation through the planets' atmospheres.

(b) Support the maintenance of geodetic reference systems for continuous, long-term observations and archival of results.

(c) Provide observational and processed data, standards, methodologies, and models in a form that ensures the broadest possible range of research and application.

(d) Stimulate development and take advantage of emerging space and other technologies to increase the resolution and accuracy of geodetic data and products in order to advance geodetic and interdisciplinary research.

(e) Initiate, coordinate, and promote international co-operation and knowledge exchange through symposia, workshops, summer schools, training courses, publications, and other means of communication.

(f) Foster the development of geodetic activities and infrastructure in all regions of the world, taking into consideration the specific situation of developing countries.

(g) Collaborate with the international science and engineering community in supporting the application of geodetic theory and techniques and the interpretation of results.

(h) Cooperate with national and international agencies in establishing research goals, missions, and projects.

## 5. Structure and Administration

(a) The Association's structure shall comprise a small number of components: Commissions, Services, the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) and the Communication and Outreach Branch (COB).
(b) Subcomponents, such as IAG Projects, Sub-commissions, Commission Projects, Inter-commission Committees, and Study and Working Groups, may be formed as provided for in the Bylaws.

(c) The administration of the IAG is carried out by the General Assembly, the Council, the Bureau and the Executive Committee. The COB is the office responsible for the promotional activities of the IAG and the communication with its members.

**6. Membership**

The membership of the IAG shall comprise:

(a) Adhering Bodies; and

(b) individual members in accordance with the Bylaws.

**7. IAG Council**

(a) The Council is responsible for governance, strategic policy and direction.

(b) The membership of the Council consists of delegates appointed by adhering bodies.

(c) Each adhering body may appoint one delegate subject to the conditions in (d) (e) and (f) below.

(d) A delegate may only represent one adhering body.

(e) The delegate appointed by an adhering body must have previously participated in IAG activities.

(f) The President, Vice President and Secretary General may not serve as delegates.

(g) The delegate nominated by the adhering body will also perform the function of correspondent for the adhering body except where the adhering body has expressly advised that the delegate and the correspondent are different people.

**8. Bureau**

(a) The Bureau of the Association shall consist of the President, the Vice-President and the Secretary General.

(b) The duties of the Bureau shall be to administer the affairs of the Association in accordance with these Statutes and Bylaws and with the decisions of the Council and the Executive Committee.

**9. President**

(a) The President shall be elected by the Council.

(b) The President shall provide general leadership for the Association.

(c) The President presides over the meetings of the General Assembly, the Council, the Executive Committee, and the Bureau, without vote, except in the case of a tie as provided in 14(f).

(d) The President, on completion of his or her term of office of one period, shall serve for the next period in the position of Immediate Past President.

**10. Vice President**

(a) The Vice President shall be elected by the Council.

(b) The Vice President shall perform such tasks as may be assigned by the President, the Executive Committee or the Council.

(c) The Vice President assumes the functions, duties and powers of the President when the latter is absent or otherwise unable to assume office.

**11. Secretary General**

(a) The Secretary General shall be elected by the Council.

(b) The Secretary General shall serve as secretary of the General Assembly, the Council, the Executive Committee, and the Bureau and arrange for meetings of these bodies in accordance with the Bylaws.

**12. Executive Committee**

(a) The Executive Committee shall consist of the following voting members: the Bureau, the immediate Past President, the Presidents of the Commissions, the Chair of GGOS, the President of the COB, the three representatives of the Services, and two Members-at-Large to improve geographical and organizational balance.

(b) Presidents of the Inter-commission Committees, Chairs of the IAG Projects, and the Assistant Secretaries shall attend any meeting of the Executive Committee, with voice but without vote. The Past Presidents, and past Secretaries General may attend any meeting of the Executive Committee, with voice but without vote, (except for the immediate past president, who does have a vote).

(c) The election of Executive Committee members shall be in accordance with the Bylaws.

(d) The duties of the Executive Committee shall be to further the objectives of the Association through effective coordination and through the formulation of general policies.

**13. Council Meetings**

(a) The Council will meet at the time of a General Assembly.

(b) The Council may hold extraordinary meetings at times other than a General Assembly. Such meetings must be proposed by the Executive Committee and need the support of one third of the delegates before they can be called.
(c) The Council may also deliberate and decide matters at other times by correspondence and mail ballot.

(d) If the delegate and the correspondent are not the same person, the mail ballot must be cast by the correspondent.

(e) The members of the Executive Committee may attend meetings of the Council, with voice but without vote, except for those who are also delegates.

## 14. Voting in Council Meeting

Voting in Council shall follow the following rules:

(a) An Adhering Body which is not represented at a Council meeting may vote by correspondence on any specific question, provided that the matter has been clearly defined on the final agenda distributed in advance, and that the discussion thereon has not produced any significant new considerations or change in its substance, and that the said vote has been received by the President prior to the voting. In such a case the vote will be cast in accordance with 13(d).

(b) In order that the deliberations of the Council shall be valid, the number of Delegates present must be at least half of the Adhering Bodies represented at the General Assembly of the IUGG. If the meeting is not held at the same time as an IUGG General Assembly, the number present at the most recent IUGG Assembly is used.

(c) On questions not involving matters of finance, each delegate from an Adhering Body, with its IUGG subscriptions paid up to the end of the calendar year preceding the voting, shall have one vote.

(d) On questions involving finance, each delegate from an Adhering Body, which has paid its IUGG subscriptions up to the end of the calendar year preceding the voting, shall have the right to vote. The number of votes allotted to each delegate of an Adhering Body shall then be equal to the number of its category of membership, as defined by IUGG.

(e) Before a vote in a Council meeting, the President shall decide whether or not the matter under consideration is financial in character and whether the procedure of voting by correspondence applies.

(f) Decisions of the Council shall be taken by a simple majority, except as otherwise specified in these Statutes. If a tie should occur in a Council vote, the President shall cast the decisive vote. This procedure also applies if the vote is taken by mail ballot. Simple and two-thirds majorities are determined by the proportion of affirmative votes

to the sum of all votes (affirmative, negative and abstention). Blank and invalid ballots and votes not cast by delegates present are counted as abstentions.

(g) Except as otherwise provided in the Statutes or Bylaws, meetings of the Council, as well as those of other IAG administrative bodies, shall be conducted according to Robert's Rules of Order.

## 15. Decision of Council

(a) Decisions of the Council shall be reported to the individual membership in a meeting of the IAG General Assembly.

(b) If the majority of those present at this meeting disagree with the decisions of the Council, the Council shall reconsider the question, and make a decision, which shall be final.

## 16. Changes to Statutes and Bylaws

Changes in the Statutes and Bylaws shall be made as follows:

(a) The Association shall review the Statutes and Bylaws to ensure an up-to-date structure of its scientific organization every eight years. To achieve this goal a Review Committee will be appointed by the Executive Committee at its first meeting after the General Assembly in periods where a review must be performed. Proposals for a change of any article of these Statutes and Bylaws must reach the Secretary General at least six months before the announced date of the Council meeting at which it is to be considered. The Secretary General shall notify all adhering bodies of any proposed change at least four months before the announced date of the Council meeting.

(b) The Statutes may not be modified except by the approval of a two-thirds majority of votes cast at a Council meeting, and shall come into force at the close of that meeting.

(c) The Council shall have the power to adopt Bylaws within the framework of the Statutes.

(d) The Bylaws may be modified by a simple majority of votes cast at a Council meeting, and shall come into force at the close of the meeting.
# IAG Bylaws

adopted by the IAG-Council

on July 9, 2007 at the XXIV IUGG General Assembly in Perugia, Italy

## 1. Definition of Terms

(a) **Association Components** or **Components** means Commissions, Services, the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), and the Communication and Outreach Branch (COB).

(b) **Commissions** represent major fields of activity in the IAG which, together, cover the whole geodesy.

(c) **Services** collect and analyze observations to generate products relevant to geodesy and other sciences and applications.

(d) The **Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)** works with the IAG Services to provide the geodetic expertise and infrastructure necessary for the monitoring of the Earth system and global change research.

(e) **Association subcomponents** or **sub-components** means long term sub-components and short term sub-components and includes joint sub-components.

(f) **Long term sub-components** means IAG Projects (broad in scope and of high interest for the entire field of geodesy), Inter-commission Committees, Sub-commissions and Commission Projects which may remain established for several periods.

(g) **Short term sub-components** means Study Groups and Working Groups which are established for a maximum term of one period

(h) **Steering Committee** means a group of elected and appointed IAG officers who review the work of Commissions, Inter-commission Committees (see 17), IAG Projects (see 16), and the Communication and Outreach Branch (see 18).

(i) **Period** means the interval of time (approximately 4 years) between the closure of two successive IAG General Assembly meetings.

## 2. Responsibilities of Association Components

(a) The scientific work of the Association is performed by Commissions, Services and the GGOS.

(b) The responsibilities of the Association components are determined by the Council on the recommendation of the Executive Committee.

(c) Components shall interact with each other where their activities are inter-related.

(d) Each component may set up sub-components and is responsible for the activities of those sub-components.

## 3. General Responsibilities of Component Presidents or Chairs, and Steering Committees

(a) Each component shall have a President or Chair who will lead a Steering Committee.

(b) The component president or chair is responsible for the scientific development within the component's field of interest. The component president or chair shall:

(i) coordinate the work of the Sub-components;

(ii) keep the officers of the Component as well as the Bureau informed of the component's activities, on an annual basis;

(iii) collect reports of the sub-components two months before each IAG General Assembly meeting (except where the IAG Executive has agreed otherwise) for publication in the "Travaux de l'Association Internationale de Géodésie";

(iv) receive suggestions for new sub-components, and suggestions for continuation of existing ones; and

(v) recommend changes to sub-components to the IAG Executive Committee for approval.

(c) The component steering committee shall meet at least once per year and at least once during each meeting of the IAG General Assembly.

(d) The component steering committee shall review at one of its meetings (usually the IAG General Assembly meeting, or the IAG Scientific meeting):

(i) the activities of the sub-components over the past period;

(ii) the subcomponent structure; and

(iii) the programs for the forthcoming period for those subcomponents that will be recommended for continuation.

(e) The component steering committee shall forward copies of all relevant correspondence of components and subcomponents of the Association to the IAG Secretary General.
(f) The component steering committee may organise scientific and organizational meetings and workshops provided that they are readily distinguished as being of a more limited scope than IAG Scientific symposia or IAG Sponsored Symposia as described in Bylaws 27 and 28.

**4. Commission Responsibilities**

Commissions shall promote the advancement of science, technology and international cooperation in their field. They establish the necessary links with sister disciplines and with the relevant Services. Commissions shall represent the Association in all scientific domains related to their field of geodesy.

**5. Commission Steering Committee**

(a) The Commission Steering Committee shall be set up at each meeting of the IAG General Assembly, following the election of the Association officers

(b) The Steering Committee shall have the following voting members:

i. Commission President.

ii. Commission Vice-president.

iii. Chairs of the Sub-commissions and Commission Projects.

iv. Up to three representatives of the Services relevant to the work of the Commission.

v. Up to two Members-at-Large to balance geographical and member country representation.

**6. Appointment of Commission Officers**

(a) The Commission President shall be elected by the Council for one period without reappointment except where exceptional circumstances justify reappointment.

(b) The Commission Vice President shall be appointed by the IAG Executive Committee for one period without reappointment except where exceptional circumstances justify reappointment.

(c) Chairs of the Sub-commissions and Commission Projects shall be appointed by the Commission President and Vice-President within two months following the General Assembly.

(d) The representatives of the Services shall be appointed by the Commission President and Vice-president upon proposal of the Services.

(e) The Members-at-Large and the chairs of the Sub-commissions and Commission Projects shall be nominated by the Commission President and Vice-President within two months following the IAG General Assembly meeting.

(f) The appointments of Members at Large and Chairs of Sub-commissions and Commission Projects take effect on approval of the nominations by the IAG Executive Committee.

(g) Members-at-Large are appointed for one period without reappointment.

**7. Duties of Commission Steering Committee**

The Commission Steering Committee is subject to the general responsibilities of component steering committees in Bylaw 3(c), 3(d), 3(e), and 3(f) above. In particular, its duties are to:

(a) Review the Commission's field of interests and objectives.

(b) Liaise with the other IAG commissions, the Inter-commission Committees, and with similar organizations outside the IAG, as appropriate.

(c) Foster active participation of young geodesists and geodesists from under-represented countries.

(d) Coordinate and review the work of its components and report at the time of the Scientific Assembly to the IAG Executive Committee on the progress and performance of the components.

(e) Encourage and organize Commission and interdisciplinary symposia and/or sessions at major geodesy related international meetings.

(f) Maintain a commission web page and e-mail service.

(g) Nominate up to three editors for the Journal of Geodesy.

**8. Current Commissions**

On the coming into effect of these bylaws, there shall be four Commissions with areas of scientific responsibility as outlined below:

(1) **Commission 1: Reference Frames**

(a) Establishment, maintenance, improvement of the geodetic reference frames.

(b) Advanced terrestrial and space observation technique development for the above purposes.

(c) International collaboration for the definition and deployment of networks of terrestrially-based space geodetic observatories.

(d) Theory and coordination of astrometric observation for reference frame purposes.

(e) Collaboration with space geodesy/reference frame related international services, agencies and organizations.
## (2) Commission 2: Gravity Field

(a) Terrestrial, marine, and airborne gravimetry.

(b) Satellite gravity field observations.

(c) Gravity field modelling.

(d) Time-variable gravity field.

(e) Geoid determination.

(f) Satellite orbit modeling and determination.

## (3) Commission 3: Earth Rotation and Geodynamics

(a) Earth Orientation (Earth rotation, polar motion, nutation and precession).

(b) Earth tides.

(c) Tectonics and Crustal Deformation.

(d) Sea surface topography and sea level changes.

(e) Planetary and lunar dynamics.

(f) Effects of the Earth's fluid layers (e.g., post glacial rebound, loading).

## (4) Commission 4: Positioning and Applications

(a) Terrestrial and satellite-based positioning systems development, including sensor and information fusion.

(b) Navigation and guidance of platforms.

(c) Interferometric laser and radar applications (e.g., Synthetic Aperture Radar).

(d) Applications of geodetic positioning using three dimensional geodetic networks (passive and active networks), including monitoring of deformations.

(e) Applications of geodesy to engineering.

(f) Atmospheric investigations using space geodetic techniques.

# 9. Commission Sub-components and Joint Sub-components

(a) Commission Sub-components are Sub-commissions, Commission Projects, Study Groups, and Working Groups, which all belong to one commission.

(b) If more than one commission is involved in a Sub-component, the term Joint Sub-component will be used, e.g. Joint Sub-commission, Joint Commission Project, Joint Study Group, Joint Working Group.

# 10. Sub-commissions and Joint Sub-commissions

(a) A Sub-commission may be set up for topics where the Commission plays a leading or coordinating role.

(b) Where a topic relates to the scientific responsibilities of more than one Commission, a Joint Sub-commission shall be established under the lead of one Commission.

(c) A Sub-commission is expected to be established for several periods.

(d) Sub-commissions are established and terminated by the IAG Executive Committee upon recommendation from the Commission President.

(e) A proposal to the Executive Committee for a Joint Sub-commission requires the recommendation of the Presidents of all contributing Components.

(f) Guidelines for the establishment of Sub-commissions are established by the Executive Committee and published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

# 11. Commission Projects and Joint Projects

(a) A Commission project may be established when a new scientific method or a new technique is being developed, or when it seems appropriate to apply an existing technique to a specific geographic area where international collaboration is required.

(b) Where a topic for a Commission Project relates to the scientific responsibilities of more than one Commission, or a Commission and a Service, a Joint Commission Project shall be established under the lead of one Commission.

(c) A Commission Project is established for one period and may be extended for another period subject to a positive review.

(d) Commission Projects are established and terminated by the IAG Executive Committee upon recommendation from the Commission President.

(e) A proposal to the Executive Committee for a Joint Commission Project requires the recommendation of the Presidents of all contributing Components.

(f) Guidelines for the establishment of Commission Projects are established by the Executive Committee and published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

# 12. Study Groups, Working Groups, Joint Study Groups and Joint Working Groups

(a) A Study Group or Working Group may be established at any time to address clearly defined well-focused scientific topics of limited scope within the field of the Commission.

(b) Where a topic for a Study Group or Working Group relates to the scientific responsibilities of more than one Commission, or a Commission and a Service, a Joint Study Group shall be established under the lead of one Commission.

(c) A Study Group or Working Group is established for one period or less.
(d) Study Groups and Working Groups, including the position of Group chair, are established and terminated by the IAG Executive Committee upon recommendation from the Commission President.

(e) A proposal to the Executive Committee for a Joint Study Group or Joint Working Group requires the recommendation of the Presidents of all contributing Components.

(f) Guidelines for the establishment of Study Groups and Working Groups are established by the Executive Committee and published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

(g) The Chair of a Study Group or Working Group is responsible for initiating and directing its work and appointing its members.

(h) Study Group and Working Group membership should be balanced so as to reflect international cooperation in its subject.

(i) A Study Group or Working Group may have not more than 20 full members and an unlimited number of correspondent members.

(j) The Chair of each Study Group or Working Group shall issue a brief description of the work to be performed and a list of members, to be published in the Geodesist's Handbook after each General Assembly.

(k) The Chair of each Study Group or Working Group shall report annually to its members and the commission steering committee, on results achieved and outstanding problems.

(l) Guidelines for proposing candidates for the Study Group Chair or Working Group Chair will be established by the Executive Committee.

## 13. Services

(a) IAG Services generate products, using their own observations and/or observations of other services, relevant for geodesy and for other sciences and applications. Accuracy and robustness of products, quality control, timeliness, and state of the art quality are the essential aspects of the Services.

(b) Each Service shall define its Terms of Reference as appropriate to accomplish its mission and shall submit the Terms of Reference to the IAG Executive Committee for approval.

(c) Each Service shall have an IAG representative, appointed by the IAG Executive Committee, as a voting member of its directing/governing board.

(d) Services are linked to at least one of the Commissions and may be also linked to other scientific organizations, such as the International Astronomical Union (IAU) or the Federation of Astro-

nomical and Geophysical data analysis Services (FAGS).

(e) Services shall collaborate on a scientific basis with the Commissions, establish Joint Commission Projects, and Joint Study Groups and help compile the Commissions' list of themes for Study Groups.

(f) Three representatives shall be elected in accordance with Bylaw 39 to the IAG Executive Committee to serve the interests of all Services.

(g) On any matter relating to the products of a Service, the Service shall represent the IAG.

## 14. Current Services

On the coming into effect of these bylaws, there shall be fifteen Services as outlined below:

(a) International GNSS Service

(b) International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry.

(c) International Laser Ranging Service

(d) International Gravimetric Bureau

(e) International Geoid Service

(f) International Centre for Earth Tides

(g) International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

(h) International DORIS Service

(i) International Gravity Field Service

(j) International Centre for Global Earth Models

(k) International DEM Service – to be confirmed

(l) Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level

(m) Time Section of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures

(n) International Altimetry Service (IAS) – to be confirmed

(o) IAG Bibliographic Service.

## 15. The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)

(a) The GGOS is IAG's observing system to monitor the geodetic and the global geodynamic properties of the Earth as a system.

(b) GGOS works with other IAG components, such as the IAG Services and the IAG Commissions, as well as the Inter-Commission Committees, to provide unique, mutually consistent, and easily accessible geodetic products (including the geometric reference frames and the gravity field) and the relevant geodetic constants for science and society.

(c) GGOS operates on its own Terms of Reference, defined by the GGOS Steering Committee and approved by the IAG Executive Committee.
GGOS nomination and election procedures are specified in its Terms of Reference. Changes in the GGOS Terms of Reference may be proposed by the GGOS Steering Committee and approved by the IAG Executive Committee.

(d) The GGOS Chair is appointed by the IAG Executive Committee in consultation with the GGOS Steering Committee for one four-year period, which may be renewed once.

## 16. IAG Projects

(a) IAG Projects are flagship projects of a broad scope and of highest interest and importance for the entire field of geodesy and are expected to be established for a decade or longer.

(b) Planning for the creation of an IAG Project shall be carried out by a planning group established by the Executive Committee.

(c) The Project Steering Committee shall have the following voting members:

(i) The project chair appointed by the IAG Executive Committee

(ii) One member from each Commission appointed by the Commissions' Steering Committee

(iii) Two Members-at-Large proposed by the members of the Project Steering Committee identified in clause (i) and (ii) above and approved by the IAG Executive Committee.

(iv) Chairs of the IAG Project Working Groups (if any).

(v) Representatives of other IAG components, as appropriate.

(d) Guidelines for the establishment of Commission Projects are established by the Executive Committee and published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

(e) IAG Project Sub-components are Working Groups but not Study Groups.

## 17. Inter-commission Committees

(a) Inter-Commission Committees shall handle well defined, important and permanent tasks involving all Commissions.

(b) Each Inter-commission Committee shall have a steering committee, which shall include the following members:

(i) President appointed by the IAG Executive Committee.

(ii) Vice-president appointed by the IAG Executive Committee on the recommendation of the president.

(iii) One representative appointed by each Commission.

(c) The terms of reference for each Inter-commission Committee shall be developed by a planning group appointed by the IAG Executive Committee for approval by the Executive Committee.

(d) Inter-Commission Committees will be established for at least 2 periods (eight years) and shall be reviewed by the Executive Committee every eight years.

(e) The Inter-commission Committees shall report to the IAG Executive Committee.

## 18. Communication and Outreach Branch (COB)

(a) The function of the Communication and Outreach Branch is to provide the Association with communication, educational/public information and outreach links to the membership, to other scientific Associations and to the world as a whole.

(b) The responsibilities of the Communication and Outreach Branch shall include the following tasks:

(i) Promote the recognition and usefulness of geodesy in general and IAG in particular.

(ii) Publications (newsletters).

(iii) Membership development.

(iv) General information service and outreach.

(c) The Communication and Outreach Branch shall also assist the IAG General Secretary, in the following tasks as required:

(i) Maintenance of the IAG Web page.

(ii) Setting up Association schools.

(iii) Setting up meetings and conferences

(iv) Maintaining the Bibliographic Service.

(d) The IAG Executive Committee establishes the Branch on a long-term basis by issuing a Call for Participation. The responding organization(s) and the IAG Executive Committee shall then negotiate the Terms of Reference and other conditions.

(e) The President of the Communication and Outreach Branch shall be elected by the Council.

(f) Major decisions related to the operations of the COB shall be made by a Steering Committee consisting of the following voting members:

(i) Communications and Outreach Branch President.

(ii) IAG Secretary General.

(iii) Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Geodesy.

(iv) Up to 5 other members appointed by the Executive Committee on the recommendation of the President of the Communications and Outreach Branch.
## 19. Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board

(a) There shall be one Editor-in-Chief for the journal, hereinafter referred to as the Editor. An Assistant Editor-in-Chief may assist the Editor. The Editor shall be advised and assisted by a Board of Editors, hereinafter referred to as the Board. To ensure broad expertise, each of the Commissions may nominate up to three members of the journal's editorial board.

(b) The Editor shall be responsible for the scientific content of the journal. The Editor shall make the final decision on whether a refereed scientific manuscript is accepted for publication. The Editor shall keep the Executive Committee informed of the activities and status of operations of the journal.

(c) A few months before each meeting of the General Assembly, the current Editor, in consultation with the Bureau, shall recommend a preliminary list of candidates for the new Board of Editors. This list shall be published on the IAG website at least two months in advance of the General Assembly to solicit additional nominations for the Editorial Board from the geodetic community. The additional candidates will be added to the list.

(d) At the meeting of the General Assembly, the current Board shall appoint the members of the new Board from those recommended. After taking office, the new Board shall nominate the new Editor and the new Assistant Editor for the next period. After approval of these nominations by the Executive Committee, the Editor and the Assistant Editor will be considered as elected. Concurrence with the Publisher will be sought.

(e) The Editor, the Assistant Editor, and the members of the Editorial Board shall each hold office for one period, but may be eligible to be re-elected for one further period.

## 20. IAG Publications

(a) The IAG publications include the Journal of Geodesy, the IAG Newsletter, the Geodesist's Handbook, the "Travaux de l'Association Internationale de Géodésie", IAG Special Publications, and the IAG Symposia series.

(b) The Association's journal is the Journal of Geodesy, hereinafter referred to as the journal. The journal is published monthly through an agreement between the Association and a publishing company, or by other arrangement approved by the Executive Committee. The terms of any agreement for publication of the journal shall be negotiated by the President of the Communications and Outreach Branch and ratified by the Executive Committee.

(c) The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers, covering the whole range of geodesy, including geodetic applications.

(d) The IAG Newsletter is under the editorial responsibility of the Communication and Outreach Branch. It should be published on the IAG web site and distributed to members electronically.

(e) After each IAG General Assembly meeting, a special issue of the Journal of Geodesy shall be published under the name of "The Geodesist's Handbook". This issue provides the actual information on the Association, including the reports of the President and Secretary General presented at the previous IAG General Assembly meeting, the resolutions taken at that meeting, and the Association structure listing all components and sub-components for the running period, rules for the IAG Fund, IAG Awards and for the conduct of scientific meetings as well as relevant scientific information.

(f) After each IAG General Assembly meeting, a collection of the reports by the Association components shall be published in the "Travaux de l'Association Internationale de Géodésie". This publication is supplied free of charge to the officers of the Association and to the adhering body of each member country.

(g) Proceedings of IAG symposia may be published in the IAG Symposia Series. The series editor is the President of the Association, with the symposia convenors acting as volume editors. All manuscripts are peer reviewed, and the volume editor shall make the final decision on whether a manuscript is accepted for publication.

(h) At every IAG General Assembly meeting each member country is encouraged to supply either an adequate number of copies of its National Report on geodetic work done since the previous General Assembly meeting in hard copy or a digital copy of its national report to be placed on the IAG web site. These National Reports, as far as available, are distributed by the IAG Office in the same manner as the "Travaux de l'Association Internationale de Géodésie".

## 21. Individual Membership

(a) Individuals engaged in geodesy, can become individual members of the Association on application and payment of the membership fee.

(b) Applications for individual membership are submitted to the Secretary General.

(c) The decision on the membership application shall be made by the Bureau.

(d) Benefits of membership include
(i) Substantial reduction on the individual subscription rate to the Journal of Geodesy.

(ii) The right to participate in the IAG election process both as a nominator and a nominee.

(iii) Upon application, correspondent membership in a sub-commission or study group of choice.

(iv) Reduction of the registration fee for IAG meetings as set under Bylaws 25(i), 26(d) and 27(c).

(e) The membership fee per annum is set by the Executive Committee. In setting the fee the Executive Committee will consider a recommendation from the Secretary General.

(f) In individual cases, the Secretary General may consider a discount or full remission of membership fees on application by the member.

(g) Where a member provides a donation in excess of the membership fee, the excess shall be assigned to the IAG Fund in support of young scientists.

(h) Membership is terminated if the membership fee is not paid or if an application for discount or full remission has not been received one year after the fee was due.

## 22. Fellows

The Executive Committee may invite past officers of the Association to be Fellows. Where the invitation is accepted, the Executive Committee shall confirm the appointment.

## 23. IAG Fund

The Executive Committee may establish a fund (IAG Fund) for supporting specific IAG activities as defined in the IAG Fund Rules, to be published in the Geodesist's Handbook in accordance with Bylaw 20(e). The fund is under the direct responsibility of the President; the fund's resources are administered by the Secretary General.

## 24. IAG Awards

The Executive Committee may establish awards for outstanding contributions to geodesy and distinguished service to the Association. The rules for the awards are published in the Geodesist's Handbook in accordance with Bylaw 20(e).

## 25. Administration of the IAG General Assembly meetings

(a) The IAG General Assembly shall meet at the same time and the same place as the IUGG General Assembly meeting.

(b) Before any meeting of the IAG General Assembly, the Bureau of the Association shall prepare detailed agendas for the Council meetings, Executive Committee meetings, the opening and the closing sessions.

(c) The Executive Committee shall draw up the agenda for the scientific program. Joint Symposia covering topics of interest to two or more Associations within the Union may be arranged.

(d) The agendas developed according to (b) and (c) above are sent to the member countries and to all the officers of the Association so as to reach them at least two months prior to the IAG General Assembly meeting. In principle, only matters on the agenda may be considered during the sessions, unless a decision to do otherwise is passed by a two-thirds majority in the Council concerning the agenda of the Council meeting, or in the Executive Committee concerning the scientific program.

(e) At each meeting of the IAG General Assembly, the President shall present a detailed report on the scientific work of the Association during his/her tenure. The Secretary General shall present a detailed report on the administrative work and on the finances of the Association for the same period. The President and Secretary General should include in their reports, proposals for work to be undertaken during the coming period, within the limits of expected resources. These reports shall be published in "The Geodesist's Handbook".

(f) At each meeting of the IAG General Assembly, the work of each Commission, each Service, the Communication and Outreach Branch, and each IAG Project shall be reported by its President / Chair. IAG Representatives to other scientific bodies report to the Executive Committee.

(g) Individual authors are responsible for the reproduction of their scientific papers. prior to the meeting. Where the IAG office receives sufficient copies of papers at the meeting, it shall distribute these to the delegates.

(h) Assembly Secretaries shall be appointed by the Council on the recommendation of the adhering body of the country in which the next IAG General Assembly meeting or Scientific Assembly will take place. In cooperation with the Bureau, the Assembly Secretary has responsibility for liaison with the organizers working on the preparation of the Assembly.

(i) The Executive Committee may set a reduced registration fee for Individual members in accordance with 20(d) (iv).
## 26. Scientific Meetings

(a) Scientific meetings of the IAG are:

(i) the Scientific Symposia held during a General Assembly;

(ii) Scientific Assemblies, including Scientific Symposia; and

(iii) IAG sponsored Symposia.

(b) The IAG Newsletter shall include on a regular basis, a Calendar of IAG Symposia and other scientific meetings organized or sponsored by the IAG or its components.

(c) The Executive Committee shall appoint an official IAG Scientific Meeting Representative for each of the scientific meetings to be governed by these Bylaws. The representative is obliged to remind the organizers to obey the Bylaws for scientific meetings and to report back to the Executive Committee.

(d) The Executive Committee may set a reduced registration fee for Individual members in accordance with 21(d) (iv).

## 27. Scientific Assemblies

(a) Scientific assemblies are generally held mid-way during the period between two meetings of the IAG General Assembly and shall consist of a group of component meetings and/or a group of Scientific Symposia, held at the same time and place.

(b) The Executive Committee shall appoint an Assembly Secretary in accordance with Bylaw 25(h).

(c) The Executive Committee may set a reduced registration fee for Individual members in accordance with 21(d)(iv).

## 28. Scientific Symposia

(a) Scientific symposia take place at meetings of the IAG General Assembly and Scientific Assembly. In general, they shall be organized by Association components and sub-components, and be led by their respective chairs.

(b) The study of some questions may require joint meetings of several components under a chair, appointed by the Executive Committee. A committee consisting of the component Chairs shall decide on the agenda and on the inclusion of scientific presentations.

(c) At each meeting of the IUGG General Assembly Joint Scientific Symposia covering topics of interest to two or more Associations within the IUGG and/or other international scientific organizations may be arranged. Though the IAG may be asked to act as convenor or co-convenor, these symposia

shall follow the rules issued by the IUGG. The IAG may participate also in joint symposia at any other time outside of meetings of the IAG General Assembly obeying the same procedures.

(d) The arrangement of a scientific symposium shall be subject to the usual approval procedure provided by in the Geodesist's Handbook in accordance with Bylaw 20(e).

## 29. IAG Sponsored Symposia

(a) The IAG may sponsor a symposium covering broad parts of geodesy and having large attendance at any suitable time outside the IAG General Assembly meeting or Scientific Assemblies, and shall call it an IAG Sponsored Symposium, provided the following conditions are fulfilled:

(i) One or more Association component or sub-component shall sponsor it or at least two Study Groups.

(ii) Host organization of the symposium shall accept a Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) appointed by the IAG Executive Committee.

(iii) The symposium shall be open to all bona-fide scientists in accordance with the ICSU rules.

(iv) The symposium proceedings shall be published within 6-8 months.

(b) The SOC appointed under 29(a)(ii) above shall be responsible for the quality of science of the symposium being at a high level. A Local Organizing Committee (LOC) shall take care of the organization and logistics.

(c) Applications for approval of an IAG Symposium should be submitted to the Secretary General at least two years before the intended date of the meeting. Detailed guidelines for such applications, and the expectations from the SOC and LOC, may be found in the Geodesist's Handbook in accordance with Bylaw 20(e).

## 30. International Cooperation

(a) The Association may participate in joint bodies of the IUGG and other scientific organizations, especially those belonging to the International Council for Science (ICSU). These bodies shall be administered according to their specific rules.

(b) The Association shall initiate international co-operation in scientific work of international and interdisciplinary character. This includes the adequate participation in international programs and projects and the representation at scientific congresses, symposia etc. of organizations with related activities.
(c) The President of the Association shall decide on the proper participation or representation. Representatives to international programs and projects shall be appointed by the Executive Committee and shall keep the President informed on the activities, on a biannual basis. The representatives shall also prepare a report to be presented at the IAG General Assembly meeting.

## 31. Duties of the Council

(a) In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the Council shall:

(i) Examine questions of general scientific policy or administration, and propose actions deemed necessary.

(ii) Elect the voting members of the Executive Committee, with exception of the GGOS Chair; see 15(c).

(iii) Receive reports from the Secretary General and consider for approval the decisions or actions taken by the Bureau and the Executive Committee since the last Council meeting.

(iv) Set up and dissolve Association components.

(v) Appoint the three members of the ad hoc committee created for examining the finances of the Association, consider its recommendations and adopt the final budget.

(vi) Consider proposals for changes in the Statutes and Bylaws.

(vii) Decide on the venue of IAG Scientific Assembly meetings.

(viii) Approve the establishment of Inter-Commission Committees and IAG Projects.

(b) Council meetings shall be convened by the President of the Association. It shall meet at least once during each IAG General Assembly meeting, and may be convened at other times, normally coinciding with a meeting of the IAG Scientific Assembly.

## 32. Duties of the Executive Committee

(a) In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the Executive Committee shall:

(i) Initiate actions and issue guidelines, as required, to guide the Association towards the achievement of its scientific objectives.

(ii) Fill vacancies occurring between IAG General Assembly meetings, in accordance with the present Statutes and Bylaws.

(iii) Approve the internal structure of Association components.

(iv) Make recommendations to the Council on matters of general policy of the Association and on the implementation of its objectives.

(v) Appoint Fellows of the Association, upon the recommendation of the Bureau.

(vi) Appoint planning groups for Inter-Commission Committees and IAG Projects.

(vii) Establish Inter-commission Committees and IAG Projects.

(viii) Appoint an IAG Review Committee every eight years.

(ix) Appoint the Assistant Secretaries of the Association.

(x) Confirm the links between Commissions and Services.

(xi) Adopt the suggested membership fee.

(xii) Appoint the Vice-president of Commissions.

(xiii) Appoint representatives to external bodies.

(xiv) Establish an IAG Fund.

(b) Executive Committee meetings shall be convened by the President of the Association. It shall meet at IAG General Assembly meetings and its members are expected to attend the meetings of the Council, with voice but without vote. It shall also meet normally at least once a year, especially one year before the IAG General Assembly meeting, in order to prepare the scientific agenda and the timetable of the next IAG General Assembly meeting.

(c) At a meeting of the Executive Committee, no member may be represented by any other person, except a President of Commission who may be represented by the Vice-President. In order that the deliberations of the Executive Committee shall be valid, at least half of its members must be present or represented.

(d) The agenda for each meeting of the Executive Committee shall be prepared by the Bureau and sent to the members at least three months prior to the meeting.

## 33. Duties of the Bureau

(a) In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the Bureau shall:

(i) Draw up the agenda of the meetings of the Council and Executive Committee and send these to the members at least three months prior to the meeting.

(ii) Ensure the adequate administration of the Association.
(iii) Receive applications for individual memberships and accept individuals as Members of the Association.

(iv) Recommend Fellows to the Executive Committee.

(b) The Bureau shall normally meet before each meeting of the Executive Committee.

### 34. Duties of the President

In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the President shall:

(a) Provide general leadership for the Association in all matters.

(b) Convene and preside over the IAG General Assembly meeting and over all meetings of the Council, Executive Committee and Bureau.

(c) Represent the Association in its dealing with national or international organizations or institutions.

(d) Submit a report to the IAG General Assembly meeting on the scientific work of the Association during his/her tenure.

### 35. Duties of the Vice President

In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the Vice President shall act as the President whenever the President is not present or is unable to perform any of the President's duties, and shall perform such tasks as may be assigned by the President, the Executive Committee or the Council.

### 36. Duties of the Secretary General

In addition to any other functions, powers and duties provided in other Statutes and Bylaws, the Secretary General shall:

(a) Serve as secretary of the General Assembly, the Council, the Executive Committee and the Bureau; arrange for meetings of these bodies, distribute promptly the agenda and prepare and distribute the minutes of all their meetings.

(b) Act as Director of the IAG Office.

(c) Manage the affairs of the Association, attend to correspondence, and preserve the records.

(d) Circulate all appropriate information related to the Association.

(e) Prepare the reports of the Association's activities.

(f) Perform such other duties as may be assigned by the Bureau.

(g) The function of the Secretary General is unpaid and only expenses incurred in connection with the functions and duties are repayable.

### 37. Assistant Secretaries

(a) The Secretary General is assisted by a small number of assistant secretaries, one of whom is located in the same office as the Secretary General.

(b) The position of Assistant Secretary is unpaid and only expenses incurred in connection with the functions and duties are repayable.

### 38. IAG Office

To assist the Secretary General, the Association establishes the IAG Office in the country in which the Secretary General resides. The Executive Committee negotiates logistical and financial support with the host country.

### 39. Procedure for Nominations and Elections of Officers

(a) Elections shall take place by mail vote before each IAG General Assembly meeting and should be completed one month before the assembly.

(b) The President of the Association, after taking advice from the Executive Committee, shall appoint a Nominating Committee consisting of a Chair and three other members.

(c) The Nominating Committee, after taking advice from the Delegates of the Adhering Bodies, the officers, fellows, and members of the Association, shall normally propose at least two candidates for each position to be filled by election in the Council. Candidates shall be asked to signify their acceptance of nomination and to prepare a resume, maximum 150 words, outlining their position, research interests and activities relating to the Association.

(d) The Adhering Bodies and the individual membership (i.e. the General Assembly membership) shall be informed of these nominations three months before the IAG General Assembly meeting.

(e) During the following month further nominations can be submitted by the Delegates of the Adhering Bodies. Such additional nominations shall be in writing, shall be supported by at least two members of the Council, and shall be submitted with resumes as described above to the Chair of the Nominating Committee.

(f) Nominations shall be checked against the eligibility criteria in Bylaw 40 by the Nominating Committee. Ineligible nominations will not be accepted and the members of Council who supported the
nomination will be advised of the reason for its re-
jection.

(g) Delegates shall be informed of these further
eligible nominations and resumes and of their
supporters.

(h) The Chair of the Nominating Committee shall write to all services asking them for one nomination from each service for the Service representatives on the Executive Committee. The Nominating Committee shall recommend normally two nominees for each of the Services' three positions, considering appropriate scientific and national distribution. The procedure for seeking additional nominations in sub clause (e) above does not apply to these positions.

(i) If candidates have been nominated for more than one position, they will be asked to make a decision for which position they will allow their name to stand.

(j) Elections shall be by mail ballot and by majority vote. In this case, the delegates of the Adhering Bodies form the Council.

40. Eligibility & Terms of Office

(a) No person may hold more than one of the follow-
ing offices at the same time: President of the
Association, Vice-President, President of a Com-
mission, President of a Service, Chair of GGOS,
President of the Communication and Outreach
Branch, Chair of an IAG Project.

(b) A member of the IUGG Bureau or of the IUGG Finance Committee may not occupy the post of President, of Vice-President or of Secretary General of the Association.

(c) The President of the Association is elected for one Period and may not be immediately re-elected to the same office.

(d) The Vice-President is elected for one period and may not be re-elected to the same office.

(e) The Secretary General is elected for one period initially. He/she may be re-elected for two additional periods.

**41. Extraordinary Vacancies**

(a) Should the position of President become vacant during the Period between two IAG General Assembly meetings, his duties devolve to the Vice-President until the closure of the next IAG General Assembly meeting.

(b) Should the post of Secretary General become vacant, the President shall arrange without delay for the Executive Committee to propose a replacement and for the Council to appoint a new Secretary General so as to ensure the continuity of the

work of the IAG Office. This appointment has
effect until the closure of the next IAG General
Assembly meeting and shall not be counted in the
restriction of eligibility for re-election of the
Secretary General under Bylaw 40(e).

42. Finance

(a) The Finances of the Association derive from the following sources:

(i) Contributions of IUGG Adhering Bodies of which a portion, determined by the IUGG Council on recommendation of its Finance Committee, is paid to the Association by the Treasurer of the Union.

(ii) Sale of publications.

(iii) IAG Fund collected from individual contribu-
tions for specific purposes.

(iv) Membership fees.

(v) A portion of the registration fee charged at IAG symposia.

(vi) Other sources e.g., grants, interests, and funds remaining after a symposium.

(b) The Secretary General is responsible to the Bureau and to the Council for managing the funds in accordance with the Statutes and Bylaws, with the decisions of the Council. The Secretary General alone shall be responsible for control of the financial operations of the Association.

(c) At each IAG General Assembly meeting the budget proposal for the next period shall be presented by the Secretary General and submitted for approval to the Council. The budget as approved by the Council shall be implemented by the Secretary General.

(d) During each IAG General Assembly meeting, the Council shall examine all expenditures during the preceding period to ensure that they were in accordance with the proposed budget previously approved. The Council shall appoint an ad hoc committee for carrying out this examination in detail.

(e) In addition, the accounts shall be audited by a qualified accountant and shall then be reported to the IUGG Treasurer, as prescribed in Article 20 of the IUGG Bylaws.
Rules for IAG Scientific Meetings

1. IAG Scientific Meetings are organized by IAG Components (Commissions, Services, Global Geodetic Observing System) or Sub-components (Inter-commission Committees, Sub-commissions, Projects, Study Groups, Working Groups). They may take place:

a) during IAG General Assemblies, held in conjunction with the IUGG General Assemblies,

b) during IAG Scientific Assemblies, held in-between successive General Assemblies, or

c) at any time and place apart from the General or Scientific Assemblies of the IAG.

2. During the General or Scientific Assemblies the scientific meetings are organized under the chairmanship of the Presidents of the IAG Components. For specific topics there may be joint meetings of several Components under a chair appointed by the IAG Executive Committee. The inclusion of scientific papers for presentation at a General or Scientific Assembly is decided by a Scientific Committee established by the IAG Executive Committee.

3. At General Assemblies joint symposia covering topics of two or more Associations within the Union and/or other international scientific organizations may be organized. Though the IAG may be asked to act as convenor or co-convenor, these symposia follow the IUGG rules for such activities.

4. The IAG may participate also in joint symposia with other Associations at any other time outside of the General Assemblies, following the same procedures.

5. The IAG may sponsor scientific symposia covering appropriate topics of Geodesy at any time outside of the General or Scientific Assemblies, and may call them IAG-Symposium if the following conditions are fulfilled:

* The Symposium has to be organized by at least one Component or two Sub-components of the IAG.

* The host organization of the Symposium must accept a Scientific Committee appointed by the IAG Executive Committee with the advice of the proposer of the Symposium.

* The Symposium must be open to all scientists in accordance with the ICSU Rules.

* The proceedings of the Symposium should be published within 6-8 months after the end of the Symposium in the series of IAG Symposia.

* If there is a registration fee, it must be reduced for IAG members by at least 10%.

IAG expects that immediately after the end of the Symposium the chairperson of the Scientific Committee will prepare a short summary to be published in the Journal of Geodesy and in the IAG Newsletter.

6. Applications for approval to be designated IAG-Symposium should be submitted to the Secretary General of the IAG at least twelve months before the proposed date of the Symposium. The following information must be provided in the application for approval:

a) Title,

b) Date and duration,

c) Location,

d) Sponsoring and co-sponsoring (Sub-) Components of IAG,

e) Other co-sponsoring scientific organizations with letters enclosed,

f) Suggested composition of the Scientific Committee,

g) Local Organizing Committee, host organization, name and address of contact, etc

h) Estimated number of participants,

i) Financial support expected from sources other than the IAG,

j) Names of the proposed editors of proceedings,

k) Draft scientific programme,

l) A detailed account of why the proposed Symposium is useful and necessary at the time proposed, and its relationship with other meetings.

7. Guidelines for the organization of the Symposium:

a) The Scientific Committee is responsible for ensuring a high standard of scientific value of the Symposium. The chair of the Scientific Committee:

* invites participants after the Symposium is approved by the IAG Executive Committee,

* invites contributions and sets a deadline for submissions of abstracts, and

* informs the IAG Secretary General of all important matters pertaining to the Symposium.

b) The Local Organizing Committee is responsible for the smooth running of the Symposium. It does not receive financial assistance from the IAG, with all the necessary expenses being met by local funds or by contributions from the participants. The requirements of local organizations are generally as follows:

* providing meeting rooms suitable for the expected number of participants,
* providing the facilities for oral and visual presentations,

* provide adequate space and logistical support for poster sessions (if any),

* reproduction of participants' document (if necessary), organize publication of proceedings or production of CD version,

* sufficient secretarial and technical assistance,

* undertake full responsibility for registration of participants, maintaining a web page, printing of brochures and programmes, etc.

* information on accommodation (hostels, hotels, etc...), sent to the IAG Executive Committee for acceptance, and to prospective participants, and

* organizing receptions and excursions during a free period within the meeting, or just before or after the meeting.

8. The IAG Executive Committee shall recognize scientific meetings other than symposia (workshops, etc.) organized by IAG (Sub-) Components, alone or jointly with other international and national groups and bodies, at any time outside of the General Assemblies, if they have been approved by the Executive Committee. The Meeting may be announced as "International Meeting, organized by the ...... of IAG". It is not permitted to use the term "IAG-Symposium".

9. The IAG may recognize scientific meetings, organized by national bodies as important scientific events with benefit for the international geodetic community and to sponsor them if the meeting is open to all scientists according to the ICSU Rules, and will be sponsored by at least one IAG (Sub-) Component, and if the organizer undertakes to maintain the expected standard for IAG-Symposia.

These Meetings may be announced as "International Meeting, organized by ......, sponsored by IAG". It is not permitted to use the term "IAG-Symposium". Sponsorship by the IAG means only official recognition and does not imply financial support by the IAG. The IAG may appoint an official representative to that meeting. The IAG expects that, in the event that proceedings are published, the Proceedings will be prepared by the local organizers and published within 6-8 months after the end of the meeting.

Applications for sponsorship should be submitted to the IAG Secretary General not later than 18 months before the intended date of the meeting.

10. In its decision whether to approve and/or sponsor a scientific meeting, the IAG Executive Committee takes into account the need for a balanced selection of meetings, a representative coverage of subjects, and a good geographical distribution. The IAG wishes to avoid

duplication of symposia or meetings, and to discourage symposia or meetings with overlapping themes that are held with too high a frequency.

The IAG Secretary General shall publish a calendar of IAG-Symposia and other scientific meetings organized by IAG-bodies or sponsored by IAG in the Journal of Geodesy, in the IAG Newsletter and on the IAG Website.
# Rules for the IAG Levallois Medal

## Purpose

The Levallois Medal was established by the International Association of Geodesy in 1979 to honour Jean-Jacques Levallois, and to recognize his outstanding contribution to the IAG, particularly his long service as Secretary General, 1960-1975.

The award of the Medal will be made in recognition of distinguished service to the Association, and/or to the science of geodesy in general.

The Medal is normally awarded at four year intervals, on the occasion of the General Assemblies of the International Association of Geodesy and International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics; but the award may be omitted if it is considered that there is no candidature of sufficient merit, and an additional award may be made at any time if justified by exceptional circumstances.

## Nomination and Election

A nomination for the award shall be made by an ad hoc committee consisting of the Honorary Presidents and must be confirmed by the IAG Executive Committee. The ad hoc committee shall prepare a citation, suitable for publication, setting out the grounds for the proposed award before the General Assembly.

# Rules for the IAG
Young Authors Award

## Purpose

To draw attention to important contributions by young scientists in the Journal of Geodesy and to foster excellence in scientific writing.

## Eligibility

The applicant must be 35 years of age or younger when submitting the paper for the competition. The paper must present his or her own research, and must have been published in the two annual volumes of the Journal of Geodesy (J of G) preceding either the IAG General Assembly or the Scientific Assembly. Although multiple author papers will be considered, single author papers will be given more weight in the selection process.

## Award

The award consists of a certificate and a cheque of US $1000. Presentation of the awards will be made at each IAG General Assembly and each Scientific Assembly. Up to two awards will be presented on each occasion for the two-year period corresponding to the annual volumes specified above.

## Nomination and Selection

For each two-year period the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Geodesy will propose a minimum of three candidates for the award. In addition, proposals made by at least three Fellows or Associates will be considered for the competition. The voting members of the IAG Executive Committee will make the final selection. It will be based on the importance of the scientific contribution, which may be either theoretical or practical, and on the quality of the presentation. The name and picture of the award winner and a short biography will be published in Journal of Geodesy.

## Procedure

Each year the conditions for the award will be announced in the Journal of Geodesy. Nominations should be sent to the Secretary General of the IAG, giving name, address, and age of the author (at date of submission), the title of the paper on which nomination is based, and a brief justification. Nominations must be received by March 1 of the year in which either an IAG General Assembly or an IAG Scientific Assembly takes place.
# Rules for the IAG Guy Bomford Prize

## Purpose

The Guy Bomford Prize is awarded by the International Association of Geodesy for outstanding contribution to Geodesy. It was established by the British National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics to mark the contributions to geodesy of Brigadier G. Bomford, formerly of the University of Oxford and a Past President of the International Association of Geodesy. It has been inaugurated by the IAG in 1975. The Prize is normally awarded at intervals of four years on the occasion of the General Assembly of the IAG held concurrently with the General Assembly of the International Union for Geodesy and Geophysics. The following rules for the award of the Guy Bomford Prize may be altered by the IAG Executive Committee if a majority of its voting members sees a necessity to do so.

## Eligibility

The Guy Bomford Prize is awarded to a young scientist or to a team of young scientists for outstanding theoretical or applied contributions to geodetic studies, particularly in the four year period preceding the General Assembly at which the award is made. Scientists who are under 40 years of age on December, 31, of the year preceding the Assembly at which the award is made, are eligible for the award.

## Nominations

Nominations will be invited by the IAG Bureau from all National Committees of IUGG member countries at least one year ahead of the General Assembly. Each committee can make one nomination which has not necessarily to be from its own country. The deadline for nominations will normally be six months before the next General Assembly and will be explicitly started in the letter of invitation. Nominations must be accompanied by:

* The full name, address, age, academic and/or professional qualifications and position of the candidates and the name of the National Committee making the nomination.

* An outline of the reasons for the nomination including a general summary of the career and scientific achievement of the candidate.

* A review of recent achievements of the candidates which would merit the award, including references to key

papers, published, alone or jointly, during the preceding four-year period.

* A curriculum vitae, publication list, and copies of up to two key papers which are considered to justify candidature.

* The name and address of two referees who could be consulted.

## Selection procedure

A selection committee will be appointed consisting of the presidents of the IAG commissions and two other members to be appointed by the IAG Bureau. Based on the material submitted by the National committees each member of the selection committee will rank the nominations and select the candidate to be awarded the Guy Bomford prize. The decision (not the detailed ranking) will be communicated to all National Committees and to the selected candidate. The prize may be withheld if, in the opinion of the selection committee, there is no sufficiently qualified candidate available.

## Presentation of award

The Prize shall be presented to the successful candidate at the opening Plenary Session of the IAG Assembly. He or she shall be invited to deliver a lecture during the course of the IAG Assembly.
# Rules for IAG Travel Award

## Purpose

The award is established to assist young scientists from member countries to present results of their research at IAG meetings (assemblies, symposia, workshops, etc.).

## Eligibility

The applicant must present results of his or her research at the meeting and must be 35 years of age or less at the date of the application. The application must be supported by at least one IAG Fellow or two Associates.

## Type of awards

There are two awards, one for meetings in the applicant's own country, and the other for meetings outside the applicant's country. The first is called *IAG National Travel Award* and has a maximum financial value of US $ 500. It is available for meetings in developing countries. The second is called *IAG International Travel Award* and has a maximum financial support of US $ 1000. The amounts can occasionally be adjusted by the IAG Executive Committee. It was adjusted last in 2011.

## Application procedure

Applicants are asked to send their application at least three months before the meeting to the IAG Secretary General. As a minimum, the application should contain: title, authors, and abstract of the paper to be presented, acceptance by the organising committee (if available), travel budget and sources of additional funding. The letter(s) of support (one IAG Fellow or two Associates) should be sent separately.

## Selection procedure and criteria

Selection of applicants will be done by the IAG Bureau. It will be based on the paper to be presented, the letter(s) of support, and the applicant's ability to actually attend the meeting. Priority will be given to candidates from developing countries.

## Additional benefits

The IAG will encourage the organizers of the meetings to waive the registration fees for all IAG Travel award winners.

## IAG Travel Award Application Form (to be sent to iag@dgfi.badw.de)

Last name:

First name(s):

Institution:

Degree, position:

City, zip code:

Country:

E-mail:

Date of birth:

IAG meeting (Name, city, country, date):

Author(s) and title(s) of presentation(s):
(abstract(s) to be sent separately)

Estimated total costs of travel and stay (budget to be sent separately):

Name(s) of supporting person(s) (letter(s) to be sent separately):

Date of application, signature:
IAG Fund

The IAG Fund aims at supporting specific IAG activities.
Its primary goals are:

* to provide travel support for young scientists to attend IAG Symposia and workshops,

* to assist in the organisation of IAG workshops in developing countries, and

* to provide an annual IAG Best Publication Award for young scientists.

The fund was established by the IAG Executive Commit-
tee at its meeting in Columbus, Ohio, 1992, see Bulletin
Géodésique, Vol. 68, pp. 41-42, 1994.

Contributors are divided in 3 groups:

* Presidents Club (cumulative contributions of USD 1000 and more or equivalent in EUR)

* Special contributors (annual contributors of USD 100 ... USD 1000 or equivalent in EUR)

* Contributors (annual contributions of less than USD 100 or equivalent in EUR)

The rules for the IAG Young Authors Award and for the
IAG Travel Award for young scientists are given in a
separate section of the Geodesist's Handbook.

I wish to contribute to the IAG fund

Annual basis ☐

One-and-for-all ☐

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# The XXV IUGG General Assembly
## Melbourne, Australia, 2011

## Report of the IAG Secretary General

H. Drewes

According to the IAG Bylaws §25(e), the Secretary General shall present a detailed report on the administrative work and on the finances of the Association during the past period at each General Assembly. The report shall be published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

### 1. Administrative Work

#### 1.1 IAG Council

##### 1.2

The Council is formed by the delegates of the national Adhering Bodies and responsible for governance, strategic policy and direction of the Association. The Council met twice during the General Assembly 2007 in Perugia, Italy, and twice during the General Assembly 2011 in Melbourne, Australia. The minutes of the Council meetings were published on the IAG Homepage and in the Geodesist's Handbook. The list of national correspondents is regularly updated by the IAG Office in contact with the IUGG Secretariat. The correspondents were informed by e-mail about activities of the IAG executive bodies (see below).

#### 1.2 IAG Executive Committee

The Executive Committee is the IAG authority executing the scientific and administrative affairs. The EC met eight times from 2007 to 2011: 2007 in Perugia, Italy; 2007, 2008 and 2010 in San Francisco, USA; 2008 and 2010 in Vienna, Austria, 2009 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and 2011 in Melbourne, Australia. It reviewed all activities of the IAG Components. Principal agenda items were the regular reports of the Commissions, Services, GGOS, ICCT, COB, and the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Geodesy. They were followed by discussions on specific scientific issues, changes in the structures of GGOS and Services, IAG publications and links to other organisations, e.g. FIG, GEO, IHO, ISO, JBGIS, and UNOOSA.

#### 1.3 IAG Bureau

The IAG Bureau, consisting of the President, the Vice-President and the Secretary General, held regular teleconferences and met in general before each of the IAG Executive Committee meetings. The President and the Secretary General participated in the IUGG Executive Committee Meetings in Karlsruhe, August 2008, and in Melbourne, October 2009 and June 2011. Bureau members represented IAG at various international meetings and celebrations, e.g. the 50th anniversary of the German IUGG adhering body (BGR), Hannover, Germany, November 2008, the 50th anniversary of the International Cartographic Association, Bern, Switzerland, June 2009, the 10th anniversary of the International VLBI Service (IVS), Bordeaux, France, March 2009, the Centenary of the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Vienna, Austria, July 2010, and the 150th anniversary of the Swiss Geodetic Commission, Zürich, Switzerland, June 2011.

#### 1.4 IAG Office

With the adoption of the new IAG Bylaws at the General Assembly in Perugia, Italy, July 2007, the former IAG Central Bureau was renamed IAG Office. As a result of the election of the new Secretary General, it moved from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, to the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI) in Munich, Germany, with all the files including budget, databases and homepage. An Office Homepage was established (http://iag.dgfi.badw.de) for internal IAG communication, in particular with the IAG Executive Committee members.

The principal task of the Office is the administrative organization of all IAG business and events. This includes the budget management, the record keeping of the IAG membership, and the preparation and documentation of all Council and Executive Committee meetings with detailed minutes for the Council and EC members, respectively, and meeting summaries published in the IAG Newsletters and on the IAG (www.iag-aig.org) and Office Homepages.

Specific activities during the period 2007-2011 were the organisational preparation and execution of the IAG Scien-
tific Assembly 2009 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the IAG General Assembly in conjunction with the IUGG General Assembly 2011 in Melbourne, Australia. The Geodesist's Handbook 2008 was published in the Journal of Geodesy (Vol. 82, Issue 11, pp. 661-846) as the organizational guide of the IAG with detailed descriptions of the IAG components and sub-components for the period 2007-2011 (reports, terms of reference, documents). It was regularly updated on the Office Homepage. The IAG Reports 2007-2009 and 2007-2011 (Travaux de l'AIG Vol. 36 and 37) with the actual mid-term and final scientific reports of IAG components and sub-components were published on the IAG Homepages. Publications of the Journal of Geodesy and the IAG Symposia series, both in Springer-Verlag, were administratively supervised. Travel grants were assigned to young scientists for participation in many IAG sponsored symposia.

## 1.5 IAG Communication and Outreach Branch

The COB maintained the IAG Homepage and published the monthly Newsletters online and in the Journal of Geodesy. The IAG Newsletter is also sent to the Presidents and Secretaries General of the IUGG Associations and members of the Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies (JBGIS). Another main outreach activity is the compilation and distribution of the IAG leaflet and IAG brochure among institutions and at meetings.

## 1.6 IAG Membership

The membership of the IAG comprises Adhering Bodies (Council) and individual members. The individual members receive regularly the IAG newsletter and have various other benefits, e.g. reduced registration fees at IAG Symposia. The membership fee was kept in USD 50/a, with a discount of 1 year, if it is paid for 3 (4) years in advance. Institutions may pay the institutional membership fee for a number of co-workers. Students and retired colleagues get a reduced membership fee. At the time of the General Assembly 2011, about 400 persons had signed up for membership.

## 1.7 IAG Organised and Sponsored Meetings

Important meetings organised by IAG components and sub-components or sponsored by IAG were in 2007 – 2011:

* Workshop on Conventions, Sèvres, France, September 17-19, 2007.

* Joint International GRACE Science Team Meeting, Potsdam, Germany, Oct. 15-17, 2007;

* Unified Analysis Workshop, Monterey, CA, USA, December 5-7, 2007;

* 5th IVS General Meeting and Analysis Workshop, St. Petersburg, Russia, 03-07 March 2008;

* FIG/IAG Symposium "Measuring the Changes", Lisbon, Portugal, 12-15 May 2008;

* Sub-commission 1.3b SIRGAS General Meeting 2008, Montevideo, Uruguay, 26-29 May 2008;

* IGS Workshop, Miami, Florida, USA, 02-06 June 2008;

* 7th e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, China, 16-17 June 2008;

* Commission 4 participation in the FIG Working Week, 14-19 June 2008, Stockholm;

* Sub-commission 1.3a EUREF Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, 18-20 June 2008;

* Symposium Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, Chania, Greece, 23-27 June 2008;

* Sessions at the 37th COSPAR General Assembly, Montreal, Canada, 01-05 July 2008;

* 16th International Symposium on Earth Tides, Jena, Germany, 01-05 September 2008;

* Journees 2008 "Systemes de reference spatio-temporels", Dresden, Germany, 22-24 September 2008;

* 9th European VLBI Network Symposium, Bologna, Italy, 23-26 September 2008;

* 16th International Workshop on Laser Ranging, Poznan, Poland, 13-17 October 2008;

* IDS Workshop, Nice, France, 12-14 November 2009;

* 3rd Workshop Deformation and Gravity, Lanzarote, Spain, February 23-26, 2009;

* Workshop on Radio Frequencies and Feeds, Wettzell, Germany, March 18-21, 2009;

* 10th Anniversary of the International VLBI Service (IVS), Bordeaux, France, March 25, 2009;

* IVS Workshop, Bordeaux, France, March 26, 2009;

* 5th IVS Technical Operations Workshop, Westford, USA, April 27-30, 2009;

* Sub-commission 1.3a EUREF Symposium, Florence, Italy, May 27-30, 2009;

* Training School on GIA Modelling. Gaevle, Sweden, June 1-5, 2009;

* 8th International Workshop on e-VLBI Science, Madrid, Spain, June 22-26, 2009;

* GGOS Workshop, Espoo, Finland, June 23-26, 2009;

* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Theoretical Geodesy, Rome, Italy, July 6-10, 2009;

* SIRGAS School on Reference Systems, Bogotá, Colombia, July 13-17, 2009;

* 16th Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea (ABLOS) conference, Nusa Dua Bali, Indonesia, August 4-5, 2009;

* IAG Scientific Assembly 2009, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aug. 31 – Sept. 4, 2009;

* Sub-commission 1.3b SIRGAS General Meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, August 31 – September 4, 2009;

* International Geoid School, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Sept. 7-11, 2009;

* ILRS Technical Workshop on SLR Tracking, Metsovo, Greece, Sept 14-19, 2009;
* IERS Workshop on EOP Combination and Prediction, Warsaw, Poland, October 19-21, 2009;

* 2009 Workshop on the North American Geoid, Boulder, USA, October 21-23, 2009;

* GGOS Intergovernmental Committee, Frankfurt, Germany, November 2-3, 2009;

* Second GGOS Unified Analysis Workshop, San Francisco, USA, Dec. 11-12, 2009;

* IVS 2010 General Meeting, Hobart, Australia, February 07-14, 2010;

* V Congreso Internacional de Agrimensura, Havanna, Cuba, March 02-05, 2010;

* Geophysics, Geodesy and Tectonics of the North Africa Plate Boundary for Better Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Assessment, Algiers, Algeria, May 15-21, 2010;

* Subcommission 1.3a EUREF Symposium, Gävle, Sweden, June 02-06, 2010;

* Second Workshop on Application of Artificial Intelligence and Innovations in Engineering Geodesy, Braunschweig, Germany, June 16, 2010;

* Beacon Satellite Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, June 07-11, 2010;

* IAG School on Reference Frames, Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece, June 07-12, 2010;

* Symposium on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile Measurements, St. Petersburg, Russia, June 22-25, 2010;

* 10th International Geoid School, St. Petersburg, Russia, June 28 - July 02, 2010.

* IGS Workshop and Special Workshop on Vertical Rates from GPS, Newcastle, UK, June 28 - July 2, 2010;

* 15th General Assembly of WEGENER, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, September 14-17, 2010;

* 2nd IGFS General Assembly, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, September 20-22, 2010;

* IAG Commission 1 Symposium 2010. Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences (REFAG2010), Marne-La-Vallée, France, October 04-08, 2010;

* 9th International e-VLBI Workshop, Perth, Australia, October 10-20, 2010;

* IGCP 565 Workshop 3: Separating Hydrological and Tectonic Signals in Geodetic Observations, Reno, Nevada, USA, October 11-13, 2010;

* IDS Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal, October 21-22, 2010;

* Observing and Understanding Earth Rotation, Shanghai, China, October 25-28, 2010;

* Sixth ABLOS Conference, Monaco, October 25-27, 2010;

* Second SIRGAS School on Reference Systems, Lima, Peru, November 08-10, 2010;

* Sub-commission 1.3b SIRGAS 2010 General Assembly, Lima, Peru, November 11-12, 2010.

* Cryosat Validation Workshop, Frascati, Italy, February 1-3, 2011.

* 20th EVGA Meeting & 12th Analysis Workshop, Bonn, Germany, March 29-31, 2011.

* 4th GOCE Workshop, Munich, Germany, March 31 - April 1, 2011.

* 1st International Workshop on The Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems, Garching/Munich, Germany, April 13-15, 2011.

* 3rd Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes (EOGC2011), Munich, Germany, April 13-15, 2011.

* 17th International Workshop on Laser Ranging and 23rd General Assembly of the ILRS, May 15-20, 2011, Bad Kötzing, Germany.

* Sub-commission 1.3a EUREF Symposium, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, May 25-28, 2011.

* 2nd GIA Modeling Training School, Gävle, Sweden, 13-17th June 2011.

## 2. Finances

The financial report includes the Result 2007-2010 and Balance 2010 (Table 1), the Budget 2011-2014 (Table 2) and the Report of the Audit Committee (Appendix A).

### 2.1 Comments on the Financial Report 2007-2010

The receipts originate mainly from the IUGG allocation (~70%), which is based on the number of participants in the IUGG General Assemblies registered for IAG. The membership fee (~10%) can exclusively be dedicated to travel awards for young scientists, primarily from developing countries, as originally planned.

The expenditures could be kept much less than planned in the budget (~70%, see Geodesist's Handbook 2008), in particular due to reduced administration costs (e.g. travel costs and bank charges), which were mostly covered by the office hosting institute (DGFI, Munich).

### 2.2 Comments on the Budget 2011-2014

The budget for the coming period was planned in the same order of magnitude as in the past period. Expenditures for travel grants were considerably increased to support more young scientists from developing countries for participation in IAG sponsored symposia. A deficit was planned for the coming period in order to reduce the large net capital of the previous periods.
<table><caption>Table 1: Financial Report 2007-2010</caption><caption>Result 2007 – 2010 in EUR</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Expenditures</th><th>€</th><th>No.</th><th>Receipts</th><th>€</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>11.1</td><td>Personal</td><td>2.285,01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11.3</td><td>Supplies and Equipment</td><td>3.800,34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11.5</td><td>Travel Administration</td><td>10.459,59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11.6</td><td>Miscellaneous</td><td>4.104,86</td><td>15</td><td>IUGG Allocation</td><td>99.721,87</td></tr><tr><td>11.8</td><td>Meetings (EC and Bureau)</td><td>3.735,15</td><td>5</td><td>Publication</td><td>2.567,75</td></tr><tr><td>11.9</td><td>Representation</td><td>2.192,12</td><td>6.6</td><td>Proceedings</td><td>11.222,84</td></tr><tr><td>12.1</td><td>Publication</td><td>31.290,90</td><td>6.7</td><td>Sale of CD</td><td>30,32</td></tr><tr><td>14.1</td><td>Publication</td><td>11.709,62</td><td>6.8</td><td>IGeS</td><td>74,63</td></tr><tr><td>14.2</td><td>Symposia, Organisation</td><td>22.238,96</td><td>6.9</td><td>Membership Fee</td><td>15.290,83</td></tr><tr><td>12.4</td><td>Symposia, Travel grants</td><td>535,07</td><td>6.12</td><td>Receipt of IAG Fund</td><td>531,56</td></tr><tr><td>6.14</td><td>Others</td><td>1.737,39</td><td>6.14</td><td>Geoid School</td><td>3.516,43</td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>Geoid School</td><td>5.131,31</td><td>15.3</td><td>Other Grants</td><td>5294,47</td></tr><tr><td>18.6</td><td>Prices</td><td>1.829,10</td><td>6.1</td><td>Gains on exchange</td><td>5787,00</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>B+S Card Service/PBS</td><td>101.049,42</td><td>7</td><td>Total Receipts</td><td>144.037,70</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total Expenditures</strong></td><td><strong>42.988,28</strong></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>144.037,70</strong></td><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>144.037,70</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table 2: Budget 2011-2014</caption><caption>Balance 2010-12-31</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Assets</th><th>€</th><th>Liabilities</th><th>€</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>20</td><td>Dansk Bank 31.12.2007</td><td>58.324,39</td><td>Net Capital</td><td>107.626,42</td></tr><tr><td>20.1</td><td>Bank IGS 31.12.2007</td><td>12.292,00</td><td>Deposit IGS</td><td>9.647,98</td></tr><tr><td>20.1</td><td>Transfer to IGS</td><td>2.644,02</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.6</td><td>Surplus 2007-2010</td><td>42.988,28</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Loss by exchange</td><td>1.025,71</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>117.274,40</strong></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>117.274,40</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Budget for the period 2011-01-01 to 2014-12-31 in EUR</caption><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Expenditures</th><th>€</th><th>No.</th><th>Receipts</th><th>€</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>11.5</td><td>Administration, Travel</td><td>20.000,00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11.8</td><td>Miscellaneous</td><td>3.000,00</td><td>15</td><td>IUGG Allocation</td><td>90.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>11.9</td><td>Representation</td><td>5.000,00</td><td>3</td><td>Other Grants</td><td>3.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>12.1</td><td>Publication</td><td>30.000,00</td><td>5</td><td>Publication</td><td>6.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>14.1</td><td>Symposia, Organisation</td><td>5.000,00</td><td>6.6</td><td>Proceedings</td><td>4.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>14.2</td><td>Symposia, Travel Grants</td><td>80.000,00</td><td>6.9</td><td>Membership Fee</td><td>15.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>12.4</td><td>Others</td><td>1.000,00</td><td>6.12</td><td>Receipt of IAG Fund</td><td>2.000,00</td></tr><tr><td>6.14</td><td>Geoid School</td><td>2.000,00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>Prizes</td><td>3.000,00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.6</td><td>B+S Card Service</td><td>1.000,00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><strong>Total Expenditures</strong></td><td><strong>150.000,00</strong></td><td>7</td><td><strong>Total Receipts</strong></td><td><strong>120.000,00</strong></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Deficit</td><td>30.000,00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>150.000,00</strong></td><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>150.000,00</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Balance 2014</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Assets</th><th>€</th><th>Liabilities</th><th>€</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>20</td><td>Bank 2014-12-31</td><td>78.000,00</td><td>Net Capital</td><td>78.000,00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>78.000,00</strong></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>78.000,00</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Net Capital 2014</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Balance 2014-12-31</td><td>78.000,00</td><td>Open 2011-01-01</td><td>108.000,00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Deficit</td><td>30.000,00</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>78.000,00</strong></td><td><strong>Total</strong></td><td><strong>78.000,00</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
# Appendix A

## IAG Audit Committee Report

Committee members, appointed by the IAG Council:
Richard Biancale, Petr Holota, Markku Poutanen

**The Audit Committee performed the following functions**

1.1 Noticing the change in accounting: the accounting was moved to the DGFI, Munich at the end of 2007; year 2007 accounts were handled in Denmark by previous IAG Secretary General C.C. Tscherning. The annual IAG accounting 2008 onwards were checked by the Bavarian Ministry for Science, Research and Art ("Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst") together with the DGFI accounts. The accounting and the bookkeeping and budgeting are only in Euros after 2007.

1.2 Examined a random selection of receipt and bank statements of the IAG account for the period January 2007 to December 2010. Checked the balances appearing in the annual and quadrennial IAG reports.

1.3 Examined expenditure to ensure conformity with the 2007-2010 budget as approved at the IUGG General Assembly in Perugia in July 2007.

1.4 Examined the budget for the period 2011-2014.

**The Audit Committee makes the following observations and comments on the IAG accounts**

2.1 The accounts were well presented and all expenditures were supported by receipts and bank statements.

2.2 The banking service costs are now completely free of charge. The possibility to use the DGFI account and the use of Euros in bookkeeping has simplified accounting.

2.3 During the review period, the IAG made an operating surplus of approximately 43.000 Euros. This amount is added to the IAG reserve, leaving reserves of approximately 117.000 Euros at the end of 2010.

2.4 The Audit Committee found that the IAG had a surplus on the average over the 4 year period on approximately 10.000 € per year with quite large annual variations, from surplus 30.000 € in 2008 to deficit of 8.600 € in 2007. The Audit Committee concludes that the budget estimates are being based on the experience accumulated over the years and the annual variation depends on the meetings and other activities each year.

2.5 However largest differences between the in 2007 estimated budget and the definitive one over the 2007-2010 period come mainly from over-estimations of proceeding and membership fees. The 2011-2014 provisional budget seems to be more realistic (150.000 € with the reintegration of 30.000 € from 2010).

**The Audit Committee makes the following recommendations**

3.1 The current positive balance almost reaches the 4-year budget, what is too high. The Executive Committee should think over a wise use of the surplus over a certain security threshold. (to be determined)

3.2 The budget for grants to young scientists should be increased. Some of the surplus could be used for this.

3.3 The organizers of the IAG meetings should be encouraged to publish their proceedings by Springer Verlag series in order to maintain a series of publications with the IAG label and ensuring a high standard as well. This series is now recognized by ISI web of Science.

3.4 All fees, grants allocations should be considered in a unique currency, for instance in Euro.

3.5 Membership benefits should be reconsidered and people should be attracted more effectively to join IAG. Current benefits or additional member functions available on IAG web page are relatively invisible to most potential members.

**On behalf of the IAG Council, the Audit Committee has the following acknowledgements and thanks**

4.1 Hermann Drewes, IAG Secretary General, for his efficient and cautious administration and management of the IAG Office.

4.2 The German Geodetic Research Institute DGFI for administrative and accounting support.

Melbourne, July 5th, 2011

Richard Biancale, Petr Holota, Markku Poutanen
**Levallois Medal**
**Citation for Ruth Edwards Neilan**

I. I. Mueller

The Levallois Medal was established in 1979 to honor Jean-Jacques Levallois for his long service from 1960 to 1975 as General Secretary of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). It is usually awarded at four year intervals on the occasions of the IAG General Assemblies and is presented "in recognition of distinguished service to the association and/or to the science of geodesy in general".

The past presidents of the IAG, forming a committee, recommended to award the Medal at the General Assembly in 2011 to Ruth Neilan, for her international service related to the geodetic and geophysical applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS). I have the honor to present the citation, unfortunately in absentia.

Proposals for permanent international GPS tracking networks floated around as early as the mid-nineteen eighties, but the vision of organizing such a service within the realm of the IAG was borne in March 1990 at a small gathering at The Ohio State University (OSU). The participants were Gerald Mader, President of IAG's GPS subcommission, J. Bernard Minster, Chairman of the National Research Council Panel on International Network of Fiducial Stations, William G. Melbourne of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - GPS Coordinator of the International Earth Rotation Service, and myself as host (the four "M"-s, as the group became to be known later).

It was fortunate that Bill Melbourne, at the time the JPL "mentor" of Ruth Neilan, had the additional vision, of great consequence later, to invite also Ruth to the meeting. As a result of this meeting a recommendation was submitted to the IAG that the next General Assembly in Vienna in August 1991 (almost exactly twenty years ago) develop specific plans for a service, which would promote GPS in the long term interests of the geodetic and geophysical communities. After many conferences and several years of test campaigns and pilot projects the International GPS Service - IGS (now Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS) - became operational on January 1, 1994 and the rest is history!

As far as I know, the meeting at OSU in March 1990 was Ruth Neilan's first direct involvement in IAG affairs. Since then, and later as the Director of the IGS Central Bureau, she has become the strong thread that kept the Service together and functioning. I believe that she is one of the few persons, possibly the only one, who served the IGS from its conception and birth until this day.

This accomplishment, considering that IGS has some 200 participating organizations – mostly public, government, and university research groups – with upwards of 400 permanent ground stations and data and analysis centers in more than 80 countries, needs a person of special qualities. Dealing with government bureaucracies, funding agencies and the many times idiosyncratic egos of scientist, requires tenacity, personal skills, wisdom, diplomacy and charm. Ruth is blessed with all!

Neilan is an engineer by education, but never wanted to be such. After realizing that her high school plans to major in Asian studies would probably not result in a fulfilling exciting life of travel with a decent paying job, she enrolled in an Associate Degree in Engineering Technology at Penn State University. Upon completion she worked for

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Handing-over of the IAG Levallois Medal to Ruth Neilan by the IAG Past President Gerhard Beutler</figcaption></figure>
a number of years as a land surveyor in Pennsylvania.
After an extended trip around the world, she turned to the
University of Wisconsin-Madison and completed a BSc
and MSc in Civil and Environmental Engineering (rumor
has it that, prior to Wisconsin, she considered OSU, but her
impression (of me?) was not favorable). She minored in
Asian studies and speaks Mandarin Chinese.

Ruth was employed by JPL in 1984. Since 1993 she has
been the International GNSS Service - IGS Central Bureau
Director. In addition to the IGS she has or had been in-
volved in more organizations that even she must have
difficulty keeping track of. Here are a few probably more
than one wants to know:

* Defense Science Board

* IAG Executive Committee

* IAG Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)

* Institute of Navigation Council

* Interagency GPS Executive Board

* International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

* International Council of Science (ICSU), Committee on Information and Data

* United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs

* U.S. Presidential Committee on Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

* World Climate Research program

* American Youth Soccer Organization

* Child Education Center, La Canada, CA

Ruth Neilan has been married to Chad Edwards – “her brilliant jazz pianist” – who as Chief Telecommunications Engineer for the JPL Mars Exploration Program, is figuring out how to talk to spacecraft at Mars and beyond. They have two children Kyle and Drew. Ruth loves soccer, cooking, walking, biking, reading, gardening, sending birthday messages, and still manages to keep her sanity!

I have the great pleasure and honor to present to my friend and former colleague Ruth Edwards Neilan the Levallois Medal in recognition of her distinguished service to the association, geodesy, geophysics, and to the public in general.
Guy Bomford Prize Lecture 2011

Atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy

J. Böhm, Vienna University of Technology

The atmosphere is surrounding the solid Earth and the oceans, and with its variations at time scales from seconds to decades it opens up a wide field of challenging and fascinating tasks in space geodesy. The investigation of these atmospheric effects and the analysis of geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations have dominated my research in the past decade. Geodetic VLBI with its very simple geometric concept, the unbelievable observations of extragalactic radio sources billions of light years away, its fundamental advantages of linking the terrestrial and the celestial reference frame or providing the full set of Earth orientation parameters, is still as exciting to me as in 2000 when I first got in touch with this technique at the first General Meeting of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry in Kötzting, Germany. Moreover, VLBI with its high accuracy of single observations has always enabled me to test new models of atmospheric effects, like those for signal propagation, loading, or thermal deformation. I am eagerly looking forward to the new generation of VLBI observations (VLBI2010) that will allow the determination of positions with an accuracy of close to 1 mm in near real-time. And I am aware that this will pose new requirements on the models of atmospheric effects that are needed to correct the observations.

The thorough treatment of atmospheric effects is essential to reach an accuracy of 1 mm and 0.1 mm/year for positions and velocities of observing sites which is the overall goal of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) to detect Global Change like sea level rise, the melting of ice masses over Antarctica or Greenland, or hydrology. Atmospheric effects influence all three pillars of geodesy, i.e., figure, gravity field, and rotation of the Earth, and they should be treated consistently by GGOS. Moreover, the atmosphere affects signals from satellites and extragalactic radio sources, which has to be modelled properly or otherwise degrades the accuracy of geodetic parameters.

In terms of signal propagation the atmosphere is usually divided into the neutral atmosphere (up to about 100 km) and the ionosphere (50 to 1500 km) where the number of ions and free electrons is large enough to influence radio waves. The neutral atmosphere is non-dispersive for microwaves as, e.g., observed by the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) or geodetic VLBI, and the delays therein are usually modelled as the product of zenith delays and mapping functions. Specifically, the a priori zenith hydrostatic delays are determined from the surface pressure at the site and mapped down to the elevation of the obser-

vation with the hydrostatic mapping functions, and the wet mapping functions are then used as partial derivatives to estimate the zenith wet delays. In recent years, the accuracy of mapping functions has been improved considerably by taking to data from numerical weather models, and even more improvement can be expected for ray-tracing strategies. However, VLBI simulations based on turbulence show that the troposphere will remain the limiting factor for the accuracy of space geodetic techniques. On the other hand, space geodetic observations at microwave frequencies contribute to meteorology and even climatology when converting the estimated zenith wet delays to the amount of water vapour in the troposphere in near real-time or for sites with long observation histories, respectively.

The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for microwaves, i.e., different frequencies suffer different group delays and phase advances. Consequently, by observing at two or more frequencies, the ionospheric delays can be determined or eliminated very precisely. These ionospheric delays can then be converted to values of Total Electron Content (TEC) and – together with TEC values from altimetry and occultation missions – expanded into global TEC maps which are highly beneficial for single frequency observations or as source of information about the ionosphere.

Atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation occurs at time scales from hours to decades, i.e., from thermally induced atmospheric tides at 12 and 24 hours, to atmospheric normal modes at about 10 days, to seasonal and in particular annual variations, to El Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO). In combination with oceanic and hydrological excitation as well as with observed Earth rotation parameters, we can improve the understanding of the system Earth, in particular in combination with the degree-2 coefficients of the gravity field. Furthermore, predicted values of atmospheric excitation of the Earth rotation are highly beneficial for spacecraft navigation or the availability of GNSS orbits in real-time.

Alternating high and low pressure systems as well as seasonal variations not only influence the Earth rotation as described above (degree-2 terms), but they move the centre of mass of the solid Earth with respect to the centre of mass of the whole Earth including atmosphere and oceans (degree-1 terms), they change coefficients of higher degrees and orders of the gravity field of the Earth, and they deform the solid Earth by up to one or two centimetres. Furthermore, the algorithms are complicated by the indirect effect of atmospheric loading on the gravity field or by the oceanic response to the pressure variations, in
particular at coastal regions. This shows the complexity of atmospheric effects in space geodesy, and underlines the importance that all these effects are treated in a consistent way to achieve the goals envisaged by GGOS.

## Acknowledgements

It is a great honour for me to receive the Guy Bomford Prize 2011 of the International Association of Geodesy. I would like to thank Austrian Geodetic Commission for the nomination and the IAG Bomford Prize Committee for awarding me with this very prestigious prize.

My sincere gratitude goes to the Vienna University of Technology, and in particular to the research group Advanced Geodesy at the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics chaired by Prof. Harald Schuh. Without the excellent cooperation and the inspiring atmosphere in this group, it would not have been possible to realize ambitious goals and to actively contribute to many international efforts. In particular, I want to thank Harald Schuh for making me familiar with VLBI, introducing me to the scientific community, and for creating such a positive and productive environment in our group.

Furthermore, I want to thank all the colleagues worldwide for the excellent and friendly cooperation. Also, I would like to acknowledge the Austrian Weather Service (ZAMG) for granting me access to the data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for supporting various projects.

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Johannes Böhm</figcaption></figure>

## Young Authors Award

### Citation for Elizabeth Petrie

The IAG Young Authors Award is granted at each IAG General or Scientific Assembly for important contributions of young authors in the Journal of Geodesy. In 2011 is was presented to Elizabeth Petrie, Newcastle University, UK, for her paper "A first look at the effects of ionospheric signal bending on a globally processed GPS network" published in Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 84, 491-499, 2010.

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Elizabeth Petrie</figcaption></figure>

The paper deals with the general area of higher order ionospheric effects in dual frequency GPS positioning. In particular, it considers for the first time on a global level the effect of presently unmodelled ionospheric signal bending. This effect remains after forming the ionosphere-free linear combination. Elizabeth Petrie shows that its implementation must be considered for most precise geodetic applications. Two things are particularly striking in the results. Firstly, the bending term appears to be almost entirely absorbed by the tropospheric zenith delay terms, hence biasing them, in particular at low latitudes. Secondly, even though this represents an important correction term, the exact approach for modelling the bending term remains unclear, especially for historic data where information on the peak electron content is less well established. The paper will therefore spark further studies on how best to resolve this dilemma.

As part of this project Liz Petrie conducted several IGS-style reprocessing in GAMIT, estimating ground station coordinates, satellite orbits and EOP, with different model options - a considerable undertaking. Fixing pre-computed IGS orbits may well have led to misleading results, so there is a demonstration to scientific rigour in her work.
# Minutes of the IAG Council Sessions at the General Assembly 2011

H. Drewes and H. Hornik

Place: Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre,
Melbourne, Australia

Time: 2011, June 28, 09:00-12:00 / July 06, 09:00-12:00

## Participants

**IAG National Delegates:** Argentina (Sergio Cimbaro*), Australia (Will Featherstone†), Austria (Norbert Höggerl), Belgium (Veronique Dehant*), Brazil (Ana Paula Camargo Larocca*), Canada (Marcelo Santos), Chile (Rodrigo Maturana*), Colombia (Laura Sánchez), Czech Republic (Petr Holota), Denmark (Niels Andersen*), Finland (Markku Poutanen), France (Richard Biancale), Germany (Jürgen Müller), Hungary József Ádám*), India (V.M. Tiwari), Italy (Fernando Sanso), Japan (Suhei Okubo), Korea (Phil-Ho Park), Luxembourg (Tonie van Dam), New Zealand (Matt Amos), Poland (Jan Krynski), Portugal (João Manuel Agria Torres), Russia (Viktor Savinykh), South Africa (Aslam Parker), Sweden (Martin Lidberg*), Switzerland (Beat Bürki), Thailand (Amornthep Rochanasaroj*), Turkey (Soner Özdemir), United Kingdom (Nigel Penna), USA (Jeff Freymueller)

(† 28 June only, * 6 July only)

**IAG Executive Committee (guests):** M. Sideris (IAG President), Ch. Rizos (Vice President), Hermann Drewes (Secretary General), Gerhard Beutler (Immediate Past President), Zuheir Altamimi (President Commission 1), Yoichi Fukuda (President Commission 2), Harald Schuh (Representative of the Services), Helmut Hornik (Assistant Secretary General).

## I. Tuesday, 28 June 2011, 09:00-12:00, Room MR207

### 1. Welcome and adoption of agenda

The IAG President, *M. Sideris*, opened the Meeting of the IAG Council. He invited the participants to attend the IUGG Opening Ceremony (June 28) as well as the IAG Opening Session (June 29). The agenda had been distributed before; it was accepted by the Council.

### 2. IUGG2011 organizational issues

The IAG Secretary General, *H. Drewes*, stated that nearly 50 IUGG member countries are represented in this Assembly. 34 IAG National Delegates were accredited; several countries were not able to send a representative. At present the IUGG has 69 member countries. There are full

members, associate members and observers. He then listed the major events of this 25th IUGG General Assembly concerning the IAG. Altogether there are 29 related Symposia, namely 7 IAG Symposia, 6 Joint Symposia and 1 Union Symposium led by the IAG, 8 IAG co-sponsored Union Symposia, and 7 IAG co-sponsored Joint Symposia. Moreover, 19 business meetings of IAG components will be held. *H. Drewes* mentioned in particular the Union Lecture on July 3 by M. Rothacher on "The challenge in Earth observation: From the fast response to catastrophic events to the reliable detection of very small trends".

There are three meetings of the present EC on June 27, July 3 and 5; the new EC will meet on July 7. *Ch. Rizos* invited for the IAG Reception which he had organised in the building of the Melbourne Immigration Museum (June 29) as well as for the IAG Dinner in the rooms of the University Club on the Campus of the University of Melbourne (03.07.2011).

*H. Drewes* then listed the actual IUGG2011 statistics. Approx. 3400 participants registered, 370 for the IAG. This number corresponds to the usual percentage. More than 500 invited lectures will be presented; nearly 2700 oral presentations and 1900 posters were accepted.

### 3. Agenda of the Opening and Closing Sessions

The agenda of the IAG Opening Session (June 29) and the Closing Session (July 06) were shown and explained in detail.

### 4. Information on IAG Awards

According to the proposal of the Nomination Committee composed by the IAG Honorary Presidents, the EC has confirmed to award the Levallois Medal to *Ruth Neilan*, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA. *Johannes Böhm*, Technical University Vienna, Austria, was elected by a Selection Committee for the Guy Bomford Prize. The 2010 IAG Young Author Award is granted to *Elizabeth Petrie*, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. The awards will be handed over and the citations will be presented in the IAG Opening Session.

### 5. Appointment of the Audit Committee

The EC proposed as members of the Audit Committee: *R. Biancale*, *P. Holota*, *M. Poutanen*. The Council adopted
these nominations. The Committee will examine in detail
all documents in the next days and report on the findings at
the next session of the Council on July 06.

6. Proposal of the IAG Budget 2011 – 2015

H. Drewes explained briefly the financial situation for the past four years term 2007 – 2010 and in detail the proposed budget plan for 2011 – 2014. At present, the IAG is in relatively good funds. Considerable costs for banking and other administrative expenditures could be reduced due to the link-up to the budget of DGFI in the Bavarian administration. It is planned to increase the expenditures for travel grants and other financial supports in the next future.

7. Appointment of the Resolutions Committee

The EC proposed the following members of the Resolution Committee: Z. Altamimi, J. Ádám and Ch Rizos. The Council accepted to these nominations. H. Drewes asked all colleagues to submit their suggestions for IAG and IUGG Resolutions to the Committee. The next session of this group was scheduled for July 03. All proposals will then be discussed and formulated.

8. Review of the 2011 election process and results

The IAG Nomination Committee 2011 consists of G. Beutler (Chair), W. Featherstone, C. K. Shum and R. Wonnacott. G. Beutler explained the process of the nomination and election of IAG Officers 2011-2015, based on the IAG Bylaws and Statutes. The nomination process was started in June 2010 when letters to the IAG National Correspondents, Officers, Fellows, Members and Services were sent out. Until December 2010, more than 50 responses were received. In December/January 2010/11, the selection was made by the Committee, and then the candidates were informed and asked to accept their nominations. The resulting nomination list and resumes were sent in January 2011 to the National Correspondents inviting for additional nominations till February 28. No additional nominations were received.

For the subsequent election process, the IAG Secretary General prepared the list of all Correspondents and Delegates entitled to vote. On April 15, 2011 the mail ballots were sent to the Correspondents/Delegates. Up to the deadline May 17, 2011, 44 valid ballots were received from 57 countries. On May 27, all candidates were informed of their result (success: yes/no). G. Beutler presented then the result of votes in detail.

Finally, G. Beutler mentioned a remaining issue. Shortly
after having accepted the election as President of Commis-
sion 3, R. Gross informed the Committee that he was
nominated as GGOS Chair and that he accepted the nomi-
nation. The IAG Bylaws, however, do not allow that the

positions of a Commission President and the GGOS Chair
are filled by one person at the same time. For the case that
R. Gross should be elected, the nomination and election
process for the position of the President of Commission 3
would have to be re-initialized. In the discussion it was
proposed to change the Bylaws such that the elections for
all IAG Officers (including the GGOS Chair) will be done
at the same time. Then problems like this one cannot occur
anymore. However, it would prevent that a person who
was not elected for another position could apply for the
GGOS Chair, even if he would be a good candidate.

9. Status of GGOS, GIAC, and ICCT

M. Sideris reported that at present three candidates are
competing for the position of the GGOS Chair, namely R.
Gross, H. Kutterer, and S. Zerbini. The IAG EC will
appoint the new GGOS Chair at its meeting on July 3.

M. Sideris explained then the GGOS Inter-Agency Com-
mittee (GIAC) as an activity to support GGOS. A relevant
declaration has been signed by 15 agencies. The action has
been initiated by the past President of the BKG (Germany),
D. Grünreich. J. LaBrecque (NASA, USA) is the present
chairperson. M. Sideris appealed all delegates to ask their
agencies to join GIAC and to take over obligations in order
to support GGOS.

M. Sideris reported that according to the Bylaws, Inter-Commission Committees shall be reviewed every eight years, i.e. the ICCT in 2011 after its establishment in 2003. The review was done by a Committee under M. Sideris' chairmanship. It was found that it is very active and should be continued. N. Sneeuw has declared to be ready to continue as ICCT Chairman.

10. Status of Journal of Geodesy and IAG Symposia
Series

Referring to the detailed report of R. Klees, Editor in Chief
of the Journal of Geodesy (JoG), to the EC on June 27, H.
Drewes mentioned the most important issues such as the
Editorial Board, the considerably improved ISI Impact
Factor and the reduced journal turnaround time.

The publication of the IAG Symposia Proceedings in the Springer Series will be continued. All contributions to IAG led symposia of the present IUGG General Assembly may be submitted for publication. All papers will be peer-reviewed.

11. Status of Statutes and Bylaws, Review Committee

Relating § 16 of the IAG Statutes, M. Sideris informed that
the Statutes and Bylaws shall be reviewed every eight
years. The present versions have been adopted at the 2007
IUGG General Assembly in Perugia, thus the next date is
the 2015 IUGG General Assembly. All colleagues are called to read the texts of the present versions carefully and submit any proposals for updates. The collection of the proposals should be completed till the next IAG Scientific Assembly in 2013 and discussed there. The Cassinis Committee will then compile an updated version and present it to the Council in 2015 for adoption.

## 12. Status of IAG Reports (Travaux de l'AIG) and National Reports 2007-2011

H. Drewes recalled that according to the IAG Bylaws, all IAG components have to report on their activities at each General Assembly. The components comprise the Commissions, ICCT, COB, GGOS and Services. The reports are collected by the IAG Office and published in the Travaux de l'AIG. The publication is done now in the IAG Homepage, hard copies are available on demand. Annual Reports of the IAG are compiled by the IAG Secretary General and submitted to the IUGG. Moreover a detailed IAG Quadrennial Report is presented.

IAG National Reports 2007-2011 have been submitted to this Assembly by several countries (see http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/index.php?id=302). H. Drewes mentioned that these reports represent a valuable documentation of the activities within the international geodesy. Therefore he appealed for contributio to this work also further on.

## 13. Proposals for the Venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013

H. Drewes informed that Turkey (for Istanbul), Portugal (for Porto), Germany (for Potsdam) and Czech Republic (for Prague) have submitted applications to organize the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013. In the next Council Meeting on July 06, the reports of the candidates will be presented and discussed, and then the National Delegates will vote on the venue.

## 14. Any other business

A. Parker as National Delegate from South Africa called the IAG for more support to develop geodesy in Africa. This support should relate to all fields of geodesy, especially to a suitable outreach. M. Sideris and Ch. Rizos responded that the IAG would be very eager to help in this manner, however, the demands for practical projects have to be formulated by the countries. Especially in South Africa various activities have been undertaken and could serve as good examples for other countries. H. Drewes mentioned that the ICSU would be ready to provide financial support for clearly defined projects. Applications are to be directed to the IAG and will then be forwarded to the ICSU. J. A. Torres mentioned that the AFREF activities imply much support to develop geodesy in Africa. Various European countries and also EUREF support this important

project. Especially the installation of suitable reference networks forms the basis for developing countries. J. A. Torres also emphasized that such help is necessary, but the national agencies have to initiate and perform the projects basically themselves.

M. Sideris invited again all colleagues to formulate any proposals for IAG/IUGG Resolutions and to submit the drafts to the Resolution Committee to be discussed.

## 15. Adjourn

---

II. Wednesday, July 6, 2011, 09:00-12:00, Room MR108

## 16. Venue proposals for the Scientific Assembly 2013 (Presentations of applicants)

The following applications were presented: Prague, Czech Republic (P. Holota), Potsdam, Germany (J. Müller), Porto, Portugal (J. A. Torres), Istanbul, Turkey (O. Lenk).

## 17. Election of the Venue of the Scientific Assembly 2013

It was agreed to perform the voting in two runs in the case that the results of the candidates with the best results are very close to each other in the first voting. Then a second run restricted to the two candidates with most votes shall be performed.

In the first voting the results were:

- Czech Republic, Prague: 6 votes

- Germany, Potsdam: 10

- Portugal, Porto: 5

- Turkey, Istanbul: 8

According to the agreement, a second run was performed:

- Germany, Potsdam: 20 votes

- Turkey, Istanbul: 9

Thus a clear result was obtained to hold the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013 in Potsdam. The German IAG Correspondent, J. Müller, was asked to inform the responsible German institutions in order to start the preparations in time.

## 18. Report of the Audit Committee

On behalf of the Audit Committee, M. Poutanen informed that a complete collection of all relevant budget documents has been handed over by the IAG Office and has been examined carefully. No reasons for any complaint were found. Therefore the Audit Committee moved to approve
the IAG Budget 2007-2010. The IAG Council followed
this motion unanimously.

19. Approval of the IAG Budget 2011-2015

The budget plan 2011-2014 was already presented by the IAG Secretary General, *H. Drewes*, in the first session of the Council on June 28 (cf. topic 6). The Audit Committee has examined the budget plan. *M. Poutanen* moved to accept the presented draft as official budget 2011-2014. In agreement with the already mentioned proposal, the Audit Committee suggested in particular to reduce the current surplus of nearly 43.000 € by a deficit of 30.000 € used for increased expenditures for travel grants. The IAG Council followed this motion unanimously.

20. IAG Representatives to external bodies

*H. Drewes* presented an overview on the IAG Representatives to other scientific bodies (see http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/fileadmin/IAG-docs/iag-representatives-to-scientific-bodies.pdf).

21. Report of the IAG Resolutions Committee

The Chairman of the Resolutions Committee, *Ch. Rizos*, presented the drafts of two IAG Resolutions. The first resolution concerns the "Gravity Field Satellite Missions" while the second one relates to the "Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference"

22. Approval of Resolutions

The plenary discussed the texts of both resolutions; some
slight changes in the wording were applied. *M. Sideris*
moved to approve the resolutions, the IAG Council
followed this motion for Resolution 1 with one abstain and
for Resolution 2 unanimously. The texts will also be sub-
mitted to the IUGG for approval. Resolution 1 will be pro-
posed in a slightly changed wording to include also the
magnetic field satellite missions.

23. Report from IUGG Council and Executive Committees

*M. Sideris* gave a short report on the meeting of the IUGG Council and Executive Committee. Altogether five countries (Argentina: Buenos Aires, Czech Republic: Prague, Denmark: Copenhagen, India: Hyderabad, USA: Honolulu/Hawaii) had applied for the venue of the 2015 IUGG General Assembly, detailed applications had been presented. The IUGG Council decided for Prague, Czech Republic.

24. Preparation of the IAG Closing Session

*H. Drewes* presented the programme for the IAG Closing Session on July 06. The programme topics include the reports of the IAG led Symposia by the respective convenors, the presentation of IAG Resolutions and Fellows by the IAG President, the inaugural speech of the new IAG President, *C. Rizos*, and the closing speech of the outgoing President, *M. Sideris*. All colleagues were invited to attend the Closing Session.

25. Any Other Business

The Council discussed intensively the question of the
duration of IUGG General Assemblies. As in other IUGG
Associations, there is a strong desire for a shorter length of
time. On the other side it is already now rather difficult to
arrange all oral presentations within the available time
period as well as to realise the necessary interdisciplinary
contacts, e.g. by attending IUGG Symposia, Joint Sympo-
sia etc. The argument for shorter meetings of EGU and
AGU was answered by the fact that in the IUGG a broader
field of topics is treated.

*J. Adam* asked all colleagues to contribute continuously to the IAG Newsletter and Website by sending any suitable information to the IAG COB. Moreover proposals to improve the layout of the Website are highly welcome.

26. Closure

*M. Sideris* closed the session with thanks to the partici-
pants for their attendance and contributions at 11:30.
# Summary of the IAG Executive Committee Sessions at the General Assembly 2011

H. Drewes and H. Hornik

Place: Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre,
Melbourne, Australia

Time: 2011, June 27, 9:00-17:00 / July 3, 8:30-11:00 / July 4, 15:15-16:15 / July 5, 13:30-14:40

## Attendees

**Voting:** M. Sideris (IAG President), Ch. Rizos (IAG Vice-President), H. Drewes (IAG Secretary General), G. Beutler (IAG Immediate Past President), Z. Altamimi (President Commission 1), Y. Fukuda (President Commission 2), R. Gross (Vice-President Commission 3), M. Santos (Vice-President Commission 4), M. Rothacher (Chair of GGOS), J. Ádám (President of COB), R. Neilan, H. Schuh (Services Representatives), K. Heki (Member at Large)

**Regrets:** M. Bevis (President Commission 3), S. Verhagen (President Commission 4), St. Kenyon (Representative of the Services), R. Wonnacott (Member at Large)

**Non-voting:** N. Sneeuw (President ICC on Theory), H. Hornik (IAG Assistant Secretary), F. Sansò (IAG Past President)

**Guests:** P. Novák (Vice-President ICC on Theory), R. Klees (Editor in Chief Journal of Geodesy), H. Kutterer (Future Chair of GGOS, only July 5)

## Summary of Agenda Items

### I. Monday, June 27, 2011, 09:00 – 17:00

#### 1. Welcome and adoption of agenda

*M. Sideris* welcomed the members of the IAG Executive Committee (11 out of 15 voting members, 3 non-voting members) and two guests. The agenda had been distributed previously by e-mail and was unanimously adopted. The minutes of the previous EC Meeting had been put to the Office Homepage before.

#### 2. IUGG2011 organisational issues

*M. Sideris* gave a summary of the IUGG EC Meeting held the day before. *H. Drewes* showed an overview of the about 30 General Assembly meetings under IAG responsibility or with IAG involvement, respectively. Besides the scientific symposia, 19 Business Meetings were announced; the schedule had been distributed before. 45 Travel Awards have been granted to scientists younger

than 35 years and from developing countries, among them 28 free registrations given by the LOC and 7 given by the IUGG.

#### 3. Agenda of the Council Meeting

There were two IAG Council Meetings scheduled in Melbourne. The agenda had been put on the Office Web-page and was briefly explained by *M. Sideris* and *H. Drewes*. Important decisions are in particular on the IAG Budget and the venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013.

#### 4. Agenda of Opening and Closing Sessions

The agendas for both sessions had been distributed and were briefly explained by *H. Drewes*.

#### 5. IAG Budget 2007-2010

*H. Drewes* explained the budget for the years of the current period. The financial year 2007 had been completed by C. C. Tscherning as the previous Secretary General. All relevant financial documents are available to be audited by the Audit Committee established by the IAG Council.

#### 6. Pro al for members of the Audit Committee to be presented to the Council

The EC proposed R. Biancale, P. Holota and M. Poutanen as members of the Committee. This proposal will be submitted to the Council for approval.

#### 7. Nomination of members of the IAG Resolution Committee

*M. Sideris* informed that the Resolution Committee has to be nominated by the Council on proposal of the EC. The EC nominated J. Ádám, Z. Altamimi and Ch. Rizos (chair-person).

#### 8. Levallois Medal

According to the IAG rules, a nomination for the Levallois Medal shall be made by an ad hoc Committee consisting of the Honorary Presidents and must be confirmed by the IAG Executive Committee. *G. Beutler* reported on the recent selection process. The Committee had intensively discussed eligible persons; the only proposal for the award
had then been made for *Ruth Neilan*. The proposal was
discussed and finally endorsed by the EC.

9. Guy Bomford Prize, Young Authors Award, new IAG Fellows

The Guy Bomford Prize is awarded to a young scientist or to a team of young scientists for outstanding contributions on the field of geodesy. As *M. Sideris* reported, the EC had collected proposals for this award and finally selected the winner according to the IAG rules. The winner is *Johannes Böhm*, Technical University Vienna. The price will be handed over in the IAG Opening Session.

The IAG Young Authors Award can be granted on occasion of each IAG General Assembly or an IAG Scientific Assembly to draw attention to important contributions by young scientists in the Journal of Geodesy and to foster excellence in scientific writing. According to the IAG rules the voting members of the IAG EC selected *Elizabeth J. Petrie*, Newcastle University, United Kingdom. The price will be handed over in the IAG Opening Session.

According to § 22 of the IAG Bylaws, the EC may invite past officers of the Association to become Fellows. Where the invitation is accepted, the EC shall confirm the appointment. The IAG Office had compiled a list of altogether 57 persons who principally fulfil the requirements. The EC members had been asked for further proposals; some additional persons had been suggested. The final list of the proposed names will be presented on occasion of the IAG Closing Session and published in the Geodesist's Handbook.

10. Results of IAG Officers elections

*G. Beutler* gave a detailed report on the process and results of the election of the IAG Officers who will form the EC for the period 2011-2015. A written report had been prepared, too. The election procedure is regulated especially by § 39 IAG Bylaws. The Nominating Committee had been formed by *G. Beutler* (chair), *W. Featherstone*, *C. K. Shum* and *R. Wonnacott*.

The Committee had started its work in 2010 by setting up a list of proposals for the eligible positions; generally two persons had been proposed for each position. This list had been submitted to the IAG Correspondents for nominating further candidates. Finally the list of candidates has been sent to the altogether 57 IAG Delegates or Correspondents, respectively, entitled to vote. 44 votes had been received within the given deadline, which can be considered as a very good result. *G. Beutler* read then the numerical results of the election.

In the following *M. Sideris* referred to the appointment of
the GGOS Chair to be done by the EC in consultation with

the GGOS Steering Committee. He informed that three
candidates were nominated by the Steering Committee.
After a long discussion it was agreed not to appoint the
GGOS Chair in this session but to have a voting in order to
obtain a tendency on the present status and to discuss the
Topic again in the next session and then to appoint the
GGOS Chair.

11. Status of IAG Report 2007-2011 (Travaux de l'AIG Vol. 37)

*H. Drewes* informed that after several reminders all reports are now available, the texts will be put into the IAG website a.s.a.p. Hard copies can be received on demand from the IAG Office.

12. Reports and recommendations of the Commissions

Z. *Altamimi* reported on the highlights in Commission 1, especially the REFAG Symposium 2010). Four SC Meetings had been held in the past period, as well as an International School on References Frames in 2010). Concerning regional activities he highlighted APREF, APREF, the IAG-PAIGH-SIRGAS Schools on Reference Systems (2009, 2010) and the WG on Regional Dense Velocity Field.

Y. *Fukuda* gave an overview on the recent activities of Commission 2. Various Meetings had been organised or the Commission been involved, respectively. He reported in particular on the activities of the Sub-commissions, Projects, Study and Working Groups, and concluded with an overview on possible future modifications.

R. *Gross* explained the activities of Commission 3 with its Sub-Commissions, Projects and Study Groups. G. Jentzsch as a very active President of Sub-Commission 3.1 will retire in the next future, so the Commission has to take care to ensure an adequate continuation.

The President of Commission 4, S. *Verhagen* had unfortunately to cancel her participation due to sudden health problems, and D. *Brzezinska* had not yet arrived, thus a summary of the Commission report was presented by Ch. *Rizos*.

13. Report and recommendations of the ICCT

N. *Sneuuw* explained the activities of the ICCT. Four meetings organised by the ICCT or with involvement of the ICCT were mentioned (VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, 2009, Rome, Italy; Workshop on Deformation and Gravity Change, 2009, Lanzarote; 1st IAG School on Reference Systems, 2010, Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece; 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’11), 2011, Munich).
## 14. Report of the ICCT Review Committee

The ICCT was created in 2003; according to the Bylaws it has to be evaluated after these two periods. *N. Sneeuw* explained the future structure with the planned Study Groups for the next period. As the chair of the Review Committee, *M. Sideris*, could not assist the EC session at this stage due to other commitments, his report was postponed to the Session on 03 July 2011. There he moved to continue the ICCT for the next four years with *N. Sneeuw* as the President and *P. Nóvak* as Vice-President. *F. Sansò* seconded and it was approved unanimously.

## 15. Report and ommendations of the Services' representatives

A summarizing review of the activities of the IVS and ILRS was presented by *H. Schuh*. At the Session on 03 July 2011, he added that the ToR of the IVS had been updated for a few minor topics and explained the changes. These small changes were adopted be the EC.

*R. Neilan* presented the updated IGS ToR. She explained the modified details such as policy, structure, etc. and also emphasised the importance of the intensive external connections of the IGS and its numerous Analysis Centers. She explained that a new website is in progress. *M. Sideris* moved to adopt the new IGS ToR; *G. Beutler* seconded and it was unanimously accepted.

As *S. Kenyon* could not assist the EC Meeting in Melbourne, there was no report on the gravity related Services.

## 16. Report and recommendations of GGOS

*M. Rothacher* gave a detailed overview on the GGOS activities within the last period: Retreat in Zürich; updated Vision, Mission, Goals and Tasks; Terms of Reference; new Chair selection; Inter-Agency Committee (GIAC); Themes; Action Plans 2011-2015; GEO Activities Outreach Activities; Meetings, Sessions, Workshops. The ToR were modified; the draft will be distributed to the EC members for approval in the Meeting on 03 July 2011. Moreover the new GGOS EC has to be approved within the next two weeks.

## 17. Proposals for the GGOS Chair of period 2011-2015

This Topic was dealt with in Topic 10 (see there).

## 18. Report of COB

Standing in for *J. Adam, Sz. Rozsa* reported on the activities of the IAG COB. The IAG Website was continuously improved. It is planned to install a "Topic of the month", therefore all colleagues are urgently asked to contribute by

sending appropriate material to the COB. Moreover all adequate information for the IAG Newsletter should be continuously submitted.

## 19. Report of the JoG Editor-in-Chief (RK)

*R. Klees* reported on the work of the JoG Editorial Board during the last period. The turn around time between paper submission and final publication in the printed version could be improved considerably. The number of submissions has increased, 6 special issues have been published. As most successful results the increase of the ISI Impact Factor from 1.2 to 2.4 was mentioned.

## 20. Approval of the new Board of Editors of JoG

The Editorial Board presently comprises 22 members and several members are overloaded. Therefore some additional members have to be engaged. *R. Klees* presented a list of the 16 members to continue in the next period and 14 additional members including 5 new proposals.

## 21. Report on developing countries

As no EC Member at Large was present to give the report, it was deferred to the next sessions.

## 22. Report on JBGIS (FIG, ISPRS, ...)

There was no urgent information. Due to time constraints the Topic was cancelled.

## 23. Report on ABLOS

There was no urgent information. Due to time constraints the Topic was cancelled.

## 24. Any other business

There were no other Topics brought up for discussion.

## 25. Adjourn

*M. Sideris* thanked the EC members for their contributions and closed the session at 5 pm.

II. Sunday, July 3, 2011, 08:30-11:00

## 26. Actual status report

*M. Sideris* and *H. Drewes* summarised the IAG Council session of June 28, 2011. Main topics were the appointments of the Audit Committee and the Resolution Committee which were following the recommendations of the EC, and the information on the status of the IAG Awards, the election process of IAG Officers, GGOS, ICCT, JoG,
IAG Reports, and applications for the venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013.

**27. Approval of GGOS Terms of Reference**

With reference to Topic 16 of June 27, 2011, R. Neilan explained the numerous changes and updates of the GGOS ToR. In the discussion some details were added. R. Neilan will compile a new version and submit the text to the EC. M. Sideris moved for the approval of the new GGOS ToR with the suggested changes, Ch. Rizos seconded, and the EC accepted unanimously.

**28. Appointment of the GGOS Chair for the period 2011-2015**

Following up the discussion of Topic 17 on June 27, 2011, the EC voted by ballot papers. Hansjörg Kutterer was elected as the new GGOS Chair for the period 2011-2015. M. Sideris expressed his cordial thanks to G. Beutler as Chairperson of the IAG Nomination Committee for his most efficient work.

**29. Appointment of IAG Representatives to IUGG Commissions, Services, other bodies**

H. Drewes presented the list of IAG Representative as published in the Geodesists Handbook 2008 and updated in the Internet version. The list was revised and is published on the Webpage.

**30. Proceedings of IAG Symposia**

H. Drewes informed that the Proceedings of the IAG Symposia at the IUGG General Assemblies are generally published in the Springer Series. However, it has been decided which Symposia of the IUGG 2011 GA shall be considered, i.e. IAG Symposia only or also Joint Symposia and Union Symposia. The EC decided to include the papers presented in the IAG Symposia and those in the Joint Symposia led by the IAG. The price for the Proceedings depends on the number of pages. If all contributions should be published, two volumes will be necessary and thus the price is accordingly higher. Therefore it was proposed to limit the number of pages per contribution to 6; this would correspond to about 140 papers to be published.

**31. Venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2013**

Due to time constraints the Topic was deferred to the next session.

**32. Adjourn**

M. Sideris thanked the EC members for their contributions and closed the session at 11 am.

**III. Monday, July 4, 2011, 15:15-16:15**

**33. IAG/IUGG Resolutions**

The session was convened at short notice in order to discuss and draft resolutions for approval by the IAG and IUGG Councils, respectively, and to meet the deadline the very next day. There were two resolutions proposed:

- Gravity field satellite missions (proposed by N. Sneeuw): To urge international and national institutions to make all efforts in implementing new gravity field satellite missions;

- Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (proposed by H. Schuh): To recommend that the ICRF2 be used as a standard for future applications in geodesy.

It was decided to formulate the resolutions for both the IAG and the IUGG Council.

**IV. Tuesday, July 5, 2011, 13:30-14:40**

**34. Actual status report**

M. Sideris summarised the results of the previous IAG EC sessions and the latest IUGG EC and Council meetings. The IUGG Committee for selecting the venue of the 2015 General Assembly had proposed two candidates. The final decision shall be made by the IUGG Council in its next session on July 06, 2011.

**35. IAG Budget 2011-2015**

H. Drewes presented his proposal for the IAG Budget 2011-2015 in detail. He suggested awarding more travel grants in order to support young scientists to participate in symposia and explained that the allocation from the IUGG depends on the number of the participants registered for IAG at the latest IUGG General Assembly. After the 2011 GA, about 11% of the total allocation to the Associations will be given to the IAG. H. Drewes appealed that all EC Members should urge countries which are not yet IUGG Members to join the IUGG. G. Beutler moved to accept the proposed IAG Budget 2011-2015 to be presented in the Session of the IAG Council on July 06, 2011. M. Sideris seconded, and the EC agreed unanimously.

**36. Report of the Audit Committee**

The documents for the budget 2007-2011 had been handed to the Audit Committee which had proved the documents intensively and compiled a relevant report, stating, that no objections could be found and the budget management was fully correct. This report will be presented to the IAG Council on 06.07.2011 for official acceptance. The EC expressed its cordial thanks to H. Drewes as the IAG
Secretary General as well as to the Treasurer for their
excellent work.

## 37. Report of the IAG Resolution Committee

Ch. Rizos reported that the Resolution Committee had submitted two resolutions to Uri Shamir to be presented to the IUGG Council as IUGG Resolutions. The resolutions were formulated slightly changed as IAG Resolutions, too, especially for the case that the IUGG would not adopt them. The texts were discussed and concluded by the EC. The final texts will be released by the IAG Council in the coming Session.

## 38. Corrections of Bylaws and Rules

The IAG Statutes and Bylaws have to be reviewed every eight years, i.e. in 2015 again after the 2007 IUGG General Assembly in Perugia. This is done by the so-called Cassinis Committee (see Topic 39). *M. Sideris* requested all colleagues to prepare any suggestions for updates/changes till the 2013 IAG Scientific Assembly to be discussed there and to give the Committee time to prepare a final version to be adopted by the Council in 2015.

H. Drewes then explained that besides the Bylaws there are other Rules, e.g. those for Travel Grants which can be changed and adopted by the EC at any time. The maximum grants to be awarded are at present 400 USD for travels in the own country and 800 USD for travels abroad. According to the increased costs for travelling, he proposed to mark up to 500 USD for national travels and to 1000 USD for international travels, respectively. The sentence in the rules which is limiting the number of grants per year to 10 should be deleted without substitution. *H. Schuh* moved to accept the updated IAG Rules for Travel Grants, *Ch. Rizos* seconded, and the EC agreed unanimously.

## 39. Review Committee of Statutes, Bylaws and Rules

The establishment of the so-called “Cassinis Committee” 2011-2015 was delayed for the First Meeting of the IAG EC 2011-2015 on July 07, 2011.

## 40. Sponsorship of symposia and workshops

H. Drewes mentioned that according to a previous EC decision, all Symposia organised by one IAG Component or IAG Sub-components get automatically the status of IAG Symposia. Then he presented an overview of upcoming symposia within 2011. The EC concluded which of them should be sponsored by the IAG. *M. Sideris* emphasised to urge the organisers to use the IAG Label for such symposia on all relevant occasions, especially on the homepages and covers of the proceedings.

## 41. Preparation of the IAG Closing Session

*H. Drewes* presented the agenda of the IAG Closing Session on July 6, 2011. All convenors were asked to give a much summarised report or special highlights of their sessions.

The list of proposed IAG Fellows prepared by the IAG Office had been distributed among the EC Members. The EC discussed this list; several candidates were discarded as they did not show the expected activities. The updated list will be presented in the Closing Session. The certificates will be sent by e-mail.

## 42. Any other business

According to the IAG Statutes the presidency of *M. Sideris* ends with the IAG Closing Session on July 06. *H. Drewes* moved to appoint *Michael Sideris* as IAG Honorary President. *Ch. Rizos* seconded, and the EC agreed unanimously. *M. Sideris* expressed his deep thanks for this honour.

## 43. End

G. Beutler stated that with this EC Meeting the legislative period 2007-2011 has come to its end. The EC expresses its cordial thanks to the IAG Bureau, in particular to the President and the IAG Office. Moreover, the EC thanked especially those colleagues who will be no longer in the Committee. *M. Sideris* replied by thanking the EC for the most efficient cooperation as well as friendly atmosphere. Moreover, he included his best wishes for *Ch. Rizos* as the future President. The session was closed at 14:40.
# IUGG Resolutions

## Adopted by the Council at the XXV IUGG General Assembly,
Melbourne, Australia, 26 June – 7 July 2011

### Resolution 1:

**Standardized schemes for the terminology for glacier mass balance measurements and for classification of snow on the ground**

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics,

*considering*

the fundamental importance of common terminology and classification schemes for the exchange of scientific knowledge between nations and across disciplines,

*noting*

* that a recognized glossary of glacier mass balance terminology and a standardized classification for snow on the ground had not been updated since the 1970s and 1990s respectively, and

* that our scientific understanding and measurement capabilities and techniques have evolved and expanded since then,

*recognizing*

* the work done by IACS Working Groups to update, publish and freely disseminate new standardized schemes:

* *The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground.* IHPVII Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 83, IACS Contribution No. 1, UNESCO-IHP, Paris. 2009. 80 p. (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001864/186462e.pdf),

* *Glossary of Glacier Mass Balance and Related Terms.* IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 86, IACS Contribution No. 2, UNESCOIHP, Paris. 2011. 114 p. (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001925/192525E.pdf),

*urges*

* snow and ice scientists, practitioners, and scientists from related disciplines to adopt these new schemes as standards.

### Resolution 2:

**Gravity and magnetic field satellite missions**

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics,

*considering*

the interest of the IUGG scientific community in knowing with the highest accuracy and resolution the Earth gravity and magnetic fields and their time evolutions as one of the fundamental components of the Earth system, also to understanding the climate evolution of the Earth,

*acknowledging*

the large experience acquired within the IUGG in the last 10 years in analysing data from dedicated satellite missions like GRACE, GOCE, CHAMP and Oersted, for the purpose of estimating the gravity and magnetic fields and their time variations,

*noting*

the need for a long-term monitoring of the potential fields for Earth System science beyond the current and decided missions lifetime,

*urges*

international and national institutions, agencies and governmental bodies in charge of supporting Earth science research to make all efforts in implementing new gravity and magnetic field satellite missions that would respond to the aforementioned need for continued observation.
**Resolution 3:**

**Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame**

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics,

considering

* that the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics adopted at the 23rd General Assembly in Sapporo 2003 Resolution 4 on the first realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame,

* that the International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted Resolution B3 at its XXVII General Assembly (2009) (www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf) that resolves to consider the Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2) as the fundamental realization of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS)1,

* that the celestial reference system and the nutation-precession model have a large influence on geodetic and geodynamic observations, analyses and interpretations,

* that the ICRF2 was constructed by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) and the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS),

urges

* that the ICRF2 shall be used as a standard for all future applications in geodesy and astrometry,

* that the organizations responsible for geodetic VLBI observing programs take appropriate measures to continue existing and develop improved VLBI observing and analysis programs to both maintain and improve ICRF2,

* that highest consistency between the ICRF, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), and the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) as observed and realized by the IAG and its components such as the IERS should be a primary goal in all future realizations of the ICRS.

**Resolution 4:**

**Adoption of the International Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10)**

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics,

considering

* that since the International Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10) has been adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) at its 25th Assembly in June 2009 as the official description for the properties of seawater, of ice and of humid air,

urges

* all marine scientists to use TEOS-102 in place of EOS-80 in their research and publications.

**Resolution 5:**

**Thanks**

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

gratefully records its appreciation for the organization, arrangements, and hospitality at the XXV General Assembly. On behalf of all participants, the Council expresses its warm thanks to the Australian Academy of Science and the Royal Society of New Zealand, the Local Organizing Committee, the Scientific Program Committee, and all others for their efforts to make the XXV General Assembly a scientific success in the beautiful city of Melbourne.

<footnote n="1">¹ The Second Realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame by Very Long Baseline Interferometry, presented on behalf of the IERS / IVS Working Group, Alan Fey and David Gordon (eds.). (IERS Technical Note; 35) Frankfurt a.M.: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, 2009. See www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25772 or hpiers.obspm.fr/icrs-pc/.</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² The software to implement this change is available at the web site www.TEOS-10.org. The formal description of TEOS-10 is the “TEOS-10 Manual”; IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: *The international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties.* Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No.56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. The following two introductory articles are also available from the TEOS-10 web site www.TEOS-10.org:</footnote>

<footnote>* “Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox”, and</footnote>

<footnote>* “What every oceanographer needs to know about TEOS-10:- The TEOS-10 Primer”.</footnote>