107. Singh, P.; Raizada, P.; Sudhaik, A.; Shandilya, P.; Thakur, P.; Agarwal, S.; Gupta, V.K. Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of AgBr/BiOBr/graphene heterojunction for phenol degradation under visible light. *J. Saudi Chem. Soc.* **2019**, *23*, 586–599.
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108. Abdullah, N.S.A.; So'aib, S.; Krishnan, J. Effect of calcination temperature on ZnO/TiO₂ composite in photocatalytic treatment of phenol under visible light. *Malays. J. Anal. Sci.* **2017**, *21*, 173–181.

109. Peng, W.-C.; Wang, X.; Li, X.-Y. The synergetic effect of MoS₂ and graphene on Ag₃PO₄ for its ultra-enhanced photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation under visible light. *Nanoscale* **2014**, *6*, 8311–8317. [CrossRef]

110. Hayati, F.; Isari, A.A.; Fattahi, M.; Anvaripour, B.; Jorfibc, S. Photocatalytic decontamination of phenol and petrochemical wastewater through ZnO/TiO₂ decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: Influential operating factors, mechanism, and electrical energy consumption. *RSC Adv.* **2018**, *8*, 40035–40053. [CrossRef]

111. Teixeira, I.; Quiroz, J.; Homsi, M.; Camargo, P. An Overview of the Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution by Semiconductor-Based Materials for Nonspecialists. *J. Braz. Chem. Soc.* **2020**, *31*, 211–229. [CrossRef]

112. Bobirică, C.; Bobirică, L.; Râpă, M.; Matei, E.; Predescu, A.M.; Orbeci, C. Photocatalytic Degradation of Ampicillin Using PLA/TiO₂ Hybrid Nanofibers Coated on Different Types of Fiberglass. *Water* **2020**, *12*, 176. [CrossRef]

113. Li, M.; Li, G.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Dai, X.; Mai, K. Ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO in the polypropylene materials: A review. *J. Mater. Sci. Technol.* **2015**, *31*, 331–339. [CrossRef]

114. Saidu, U. Synthesis and Characterization of BiVO₄ nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity on Levofloxacin Antibiotics. *ChemSearch J.* **2019**, *10*, 104–111.

115. Yang, X.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, W.; Liu, C.; Qian, X.; Zhang, M.; Wei, G.; Khan, E.; Ng, Y.H.; Ok, Y.S. Recent advances in photodegradation of antibiotic residues in water. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2021**, *405*, 126806. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

116. Lin, H.H.-H.; Lin, A.Y.-C. Photocatalytic oxidation of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide via UV/TiO₂ in an aqueous environment. *Water Res.* **2014**, *48*, 559–568. [CrossRef]

117. Olusegun, S.J.; Larrea, G.; Osial, M.; Jackowska, K.; Krysinski, P. Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. *Tetracycline Case*. *Catalysts* **2021**, *11*, 1243. [CrossRef]

118. Dong, S.; Cui, L.; Zhang, W.; Xia, L.; Zhou, S.; Russell, C.; Fan, M.; Feng, J.; Sun, J. Double-shelled ZnSnO₃ hollow cubes for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2020**, *384*, 123279. [CrossRef]

119. Wang, H.; Ye, Z.; Liu, C.; Li, J.; Zhou, M.; Guan, Q.; Lv, P.; Huo, P.; Yan, Y. Visible light driven Ag/Ag₃PO₄/AC photocatalyst with highly enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2015**, *353*, 391–399. [CrossRef]

120. Guo, F.; Li, M.; Ren, H.; Huang, X.; Shu, K.; Shi, W.; Lu, C. Facile bottom-up preparation of Cl-doped porous g-C₃N₄ nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2019**, *228*, 115770. [CrossRef]

121. Zhou, C.; Lai, C.; Xu, P.; Zeng, G.; Huang, D.; Zhang, C.; Cheng, M.; Hu, L.; Wan, J.; Liu, Y.; et al. In Situ Grown AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Visible Light Degradation of Sulfamethazine: Efficiency, Pathway, and Mechanism. *ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *6*, 4174–4184. [CrossRef]

122. Xiao, T.; Tanga, Z.; Yang, Y.; Tang, L.; Zhou, Y.; Zou, Z. In situ construction of hierarchical WO₃/g-C₃N₄ composite hollow microspheres as a Z-scheme photocatalyst for the degradation of antibiotics. *ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *22*, 417–428. [CrossRef]

123. Kumar, A.; Kumar, A.; Sharma, G.; Al-Muhtaseb, A.H.; Naushad, M.; Ghfar, A.A.; Stadler, F.J. Quaternary magnetic BiOCl/g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O/Fe₃O₄ nano-junction for visible light and solar powered degradation of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous environment. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *334*, 462–478. [CrossRef]

124. Kumar, A.; Khan, M.; He, J.; Lo, I.M. Visible-light-driven magnetically recyclable terephthalic acid functionalized g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction nanophotocatalyst for enhanced degradation of PPCPs. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2020**, *270*, 118898. [CrossRef]

125. Al Balushi, B.S.; Al Marzouqi, F.; Al Wahaibi, B.; Kuvarega, A.T.; Al Kindy, S.M.Z.; Kim, Y.; Selvaraj, R. Hydrothermal synthesis of CdS sub-microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2018**, *457*, 559–565. [CrossRef]

126. Alberti, S.; Locardi, F.; Sturini, F.; Speltini, A.; Maraschi, F.; Costa, G.A.; Ferretti, M.; Caratto, V. Photocatalysis in Darkness: Optimization of Sol-Gel Synthesis of NP-TiO₂ Supported on a Persistent Luminescence Material and its Application for the Removal of Ofloxacin from Water. *J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol.* **2018**, *9*, 1–6. [CrossRef]

127. Gao, J.; Gao, Y.; Sui, Z.; Dong, Z.; Wang, S.; Zou, D. Hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr/FeWO₄ composite photocatalysts and their photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline. *J. Alloy. Compd.* **2018**, *732*, 43–51. [CrossRef]

128. Gong, Y.; Wu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Li, L.; Li, C.; Liu, X.; Niu, L. All-solid-state Z-scheme CdTe/TiO₂ heterostructure photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *350*, 257–267. [CrossRef]

129. Wang, D.; Jia, F.; Wang, H.; Chen, F.; Fang, Y.; Dong, W.; Zeng, G.; Li, X.; Yang, Q.; Yuan, X. Simultaneously efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by Fe-based MOFs. *J. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2018**, *519*, 273–284. [CrossRef]

130. Cao, Y.; Lei, X.; Chen, Q.; Kang, C.; Li, W.; Liu, B. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by novel porous hollow cube ZnFe₂O₄. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2018**, *364*, 794–800. [CrossRef]

131. Osotsi, M.I.; Macharia, D.K.; Zhu, B.; Wang, Z.; Shen, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, L.; Chen, Z. Synthesis of ZnWO₄-x nanorods with oxygen vacancy for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. *Prog. Nat. Sci.* **2018**, *28*, 408–415. [CrossRef]

132. Suwannaruang, T.; Hildebrand, J.P.; Taffa, D.H.; Wark, M.; Kamonsuangkasem, K.; Chirawatkul, P.; Wantala, K. Visible light-induced degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin over Fe-N-TiO₂ mesoporous photocatalyst with anatase/rutile/brookite nanocrystal mixture. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2020**, *391*, 112371. [CrossRef]
107. Singh, P.; Raizada, P.; Sudhaik, A.; Shandilya, P.; Thakur, P.; Agarwal, S.; Gupta, V.K. Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of AgBr/BiOBr/graphene heterojunction for phenol degradation under visible light. *J. Saudi Chem. Soc.* **2019**, *23*, 586–599.
[CrossRef]

108. Abdullah, N.S.A.; So'aib, S.; Krishnan, J. Effect of calcination temperature on ZnO/TiO₂ composite in photocatalytic treatment of phenol under visible light. *Malays. J. Anal. Sci.* **2017**, *21*, 173–181.

109. Peng, W.-C.; Wang, X.; Li, X.-Y. The synergetic effect of MoS₂ and graphene on Ag₃PO₄ for its ultra-enhanced photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation under visible light. *Nanoscale* **2014**, *6*, 8311–8317. [CrossRef]

110. Hayati, F.; Isari, A.A.; Fattahi, M.; Anvaripour, B.; Jorfibc, S. Photocatalytic decontamination of phenol and petrochemical wastewater through ZnO/TiO₂ decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: Influential operating factors, mechanism, and electrical energy consumption. *RSC Adv.* **2018**, *8*, 40035–40053. [CrossRef]

111. Teixeira, I.; Quiroz, J.; Homsi, M.; Camargo, P. An Overview of the Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution by Semiconductor-Based Materials for Nonspecialists. *J. Braz. Chem. Soc.* **2020**, *31*, 211–229. [CrossRef]

112. Bobirică, C.; Bobirică, L.; Râpă, M.; Matei, E.; Predescu, A.M.; Orbeci, C. Photocatalytic Degradation of Ampicillin Using PLA/TiO₂ Hybrid Nanofibers Coated on Different Types of Fiberglass. *Water* **2020**, *12*, 176. [CrossRef]

113. Li, M.; Li, G.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Dai, X.; Mai, K. Ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO in the polypropylene materials: A review. *J. Mater. Sci. Technol.* **2015**, *31*, 331–339. [CrossRef]

114. Saidu, U. Synthesis and Characterization of BiVO₄ nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity on Levofloxacin Antibiotics. *ChemSearch J.* **2019**, *10*, 104–111.

115. Yang, X.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, W.; Liu, C.; Qian, X.; Zhang, M.; Wei, G.; Khan, E.; Ng, Y.H.; Ok, Y.S. Recent advances in photodegradation of antibiotic residues in water. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2021**, *405*, 126806. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

116. Lin, H.H.-H.; Lin, A.Y.-C. Photocatalytic oxidation of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide via UV/TiO₂ in an aqueous environment. *Water Res.* **2014**, *48*, 559–568. [CrossRef]

117. Olusegun, S.J.; Larrea, G.; Osial, M.; Jackowska, K.; Krysinski, P. Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. *Tetracycline Case*. *Catalysts* **2021**, *11*, 1243. [CrossRef]

118. Dong, S.; Cui, L.; Zhang, W.; Xia, L.; Zhou, S.; Russell, C.; Fan, M.; Feng, J.; Sun, J. Double-shelled ZnSnO₃ hollow cubes for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2020**, *384*, 123279. [CrossRef]

119. Wang, H.; Ye, Z.; Liu, C.; Li, J.; Zhou, M.; Guan, Q.; Lv, P.; Huo, P.; Yan, Y. Visible light driven Ag/Ag₃PO₄/AC photocatalyst with highly enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2015**, *353*, 391–399. [CrossRef]

120. Guo, F.; Li, M.; Ren, H.; Huang, X.; Shu, K.; Shi, W.; Lu, C. Facile bottom-up preparation of Cl-doped porous g-C₃N₄ nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2019**, *228*, 115770. [CrossRef]

121. Zhou, C.; Lai, C.; Xu, P.; Zeng, G.; Huang, D.; Zhang, C.; Cheng, M.; Hu, L.; Wan, J.; Liu, Y.; et al. In Situ Grown AgI/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Visible Light Degradation of Sulfamethazine: Efficiency, Pathway, and Mechanism. *ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *6*, 4174–4184. [CrossRef]

122. Xiao, T.; Tanga, Z.; Yang, Y.; Tang, L.; Zhou, Y.; Zou, Z. In situ construction of hierarchical WO₃/g-C₃N₄ composite hollow microspheres as a Z-scheme photocatalyst for the degradation of antibiotics. *ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *22*, 417–428. [CrossRef]

123. Kumar, A.; Kumar, A.; Sharma, G.; Al-Muhtaseb, A.H.; Naushad, M.; Ghfar, A.A.; Stadler, F.J. Quaternary magnetic BiOCl/g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O/Fe₃O₄ nano-junction for visible light and solar powered degradation of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous environment. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *334*, 462–478. [CrossRef]

124. Kumar, A.; Khan, M.; He, J.; Lo, I.M. Visible-light-driven magnetically recyclable terephthalic acid functionalized g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction nanophotocatalyst for enhanced degradation of PPCPs. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2020**, *270*, 118898. [CrossRef]

125. Al Balushi, B.S.; Al Marzouqi, F.; Al Wahaibi, B.; Kuvarega, A.T.; Al Kindy, S.M.Z.; Kim, Y.; Selvaraj, R. Hydrothermal synthesis of CdS sub-microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2018**, *457*, 559–565. [CrossRef]

126. Alberti, S.; Locardi, F.; Sturini, F.; Speltini, A.; Maraschi, F.; Costa, G.A.; Ferretti, M.; Caratto, V. Photocatalysis in Darkness: Optimization of Sol-Gel Synthesis of NP-TiO₂ Supported on a Persistent Luminescence Material and its Application for the Removal of Ofloxacin from Water. *J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol.* **2018**, *9*, 1–6. [CrossRef]

127. Gao, J.; Gao, Y.; Sui, Z.; Dong, Z.; Wang, S.; Zou, D. Hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr/FeWO₄ composite photocatalysts and their photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline. *J. Alloy. Compd.* **2018**, *732*, 43–51. [CrossRef]

128. Gong, Y.; Wu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Li, L.; Li, C.; Liu, X.; Niu, L. All-solid-state Z-scheme CdTe/TiO₂ heterostructure photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *350*, 257–267. [CrossRef]

129. Wang, D.; Jia, F.; Wang, H.; Chen, F.; Fang, Y.; Dong, W.; Zeng, G.; Li, X.; Yang, Q.; Yuan, X. Simultaneously efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by Fe-based MOFs. *J. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2018**, *519*, 273–284. [CrossRef]

130. Cao, Y.; Lei, X.; Chen, Q.; Kang, C.; Li, W.; Liu, B. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by novel porous hollow cube ZnFe₂O₄. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2018**, *364*, 794–800. [CrossRef]

131. Osotsi, M.I.; Macharia, D.K.; Zhu, B.; Wang, Z.; Shen, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, L.; Chen, Z. Synthesis of ZnWO₄-x nanorods with oxygen vacancy for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. *Prog. Nat. Sci.* **2018**, *28*, 408–415. [CrossRef]

132. Suwannaruang, T.; Hildebrand, J.P.; Taffa, D.H.; Wark, M.; Kamonsuangkasem, K.; Chirawatkul, P.; Wantala, K. Visible light-induced degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin over Fe-N-TiO₂ mesoporous photocatalyst with anatase/rutile/brookite nanocrystal mixture. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2020**, *391*, 112371. [CrossRef]
133. Kumar, J.V.; Karthik, R.; Chen, S.-M.; Chen, K.-H.; Sakthinathan, S.; Muthuraj, V.; Chiu, T.-W. Design of novel 3D flower-like neodymium molybdate: An efficient and challenging catalyst for sensing and destroying pulmonary toxicity antibiotic drug nitrofurantoin. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *346*, 11–23. [CrossRef]

134. Thongam, D.D.; Chaturvedi, H. Advances in nanomaterials for heterogeneous photocatalysis. *Nano Express* **2021**, *2*, 012005. [CrossRef]

135. Tammina, S.K.; Mandal, B.K.; Kadiyala, N.K. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by nonconventional synthesized SnO₂ nanoparticles. *Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag.* **2018**, *10*, 339–350. [CrossRef]

136. Liua, H.; Guoa, W.; Lia, Y.; Heb, S.; Hea, C. Photocatalytic degradation of sixteen organic dyes by TiO₂/WO₃-coated magnetic nanoparticles under simulated visible light and solar light. *J. Environ. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *6*, 59–67. [CrossRef]

137. Huang, H.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, L.; Zang, Z. Preparation of cubic Cu₂O nanoparticles wrapped by reduced graphene oxide for the efficient removal of rhodamine B. *J. Alloy. Compd.* **2017**, *718*, 112–115. [CrossRef]

138. Aggarwal, S. Photo Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Using CdS Semiconductor Nanoparticles Photo catalyst. *Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol.* **2016**, *3*, 451–455.

139. Aragaw, B.A.; Dagnaw, A. Copper/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation. *Ethiop. J. Sci. Technol.* **2019**, *12*, 125–137. [CrossRef]

140. Raina, S.; Roy, A.; Bharadvaja, N. Degradation of dyes using biologically synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles. *Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag.* **2020**, *13*, 100278. [CrossRef]

141. Zhang, Z.; Sun, L.; Wu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Li, S. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of CuO–Cu₂O/GO nanocomposites for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dye and tetracycline pollutants. *New J. Chem.* **2020**, *44*, 6420–6427. [CrossRef]

142. Bharathi, P.; Harish, S.; Archana, J.; Navaneethan, M.; Ponnusamy, S.; Muthamizhchelvan, C.; Shimomura, M.; Hayakawa, Y. Enhanced charge transfer and separation of hierarchical CuO/ZnO composites: The synergistic effect of photocatalysis for the mineralization of organic pollutant in water. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2019**, *484*, 884–891. [CrossRef]

143. Wei, X.-N.; Ou, C.-L.; Guan, X.-X.; Peng, Z.-K.; Zheng, X.-C. Facile assembly of CdS-reduced graphene oxide heterojunction with enhanced elimination performance for organic pollutants in wastewater. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2019**, *469*, 666–673. [CrossRef]

144. Adhikari, S.; Chandra, K.S.; Kim, D.-H.; Madras, G.; Sarkar, D. Understanding the morphological effects of WO₃ photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. *Adv. Powder Technol.* **2018**, *29*, 1591–1600. [CrossRef]

145. Bai, X.; Du, Y.; Hu, X.; He, Y.; He, C.; Liu, E.; Fan, J. Synergy removal of Cr(VI) and organic pollutants over RP-MoS₂/rGO photocatalyst. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2018**, *239*, 204–213. [CrossRef]

146. Grzechulska, J.; Morawski, A.W. Photocatalytic decomposition of azo-dye acid black 1 in water over modified titanium dioxide. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2001**, *36*, 45–51. [CrossRef]

147. Gnanaprakasam, A.; Sivakumar, V.M.; Thirumarimurugan, M. Influencing Parameters in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Effluent via Nanometal Oxide Catalyst: A Review. *Indian J. Mater. Sci.* **2015**, *2015*, 601827. [CrossRef]

148. Senthilvelan, S.; Chandraboss, V.L.; Karthikeyan, B.; Natanapatham, L.; Murugavelu, M. TiO₂, ZnO and nanobimetallic silica catalyzed photodegradation of methyl green. *Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process.* **2013**, *16*, 185–192. [CrossRef]

149. Karimi, L.; Zohoori, S.; Yazdanshenas, M.E. Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation using nano-strontium titanate as the nanophotocatalyst. *J. Saudi Chem. Soc.* **2014**, *18*, 581–588. [CrossRef]

150. Neppolian, B.; Kanel, S.R.; Choi, H.C.; Shankar, M.V.; Arabindoo, B.; Murugesan, V. Photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 17 dye in aqueous solution in the presence of TiO₂ with cement binder. *Int. J. Photoenergy* **2003**, *5*, 45–49. [CrossRef]

151. Mai, F.D.; Lu, C.S.; Wu, C.W.; Huang, C.H.; Chen, J.Y.; Chen, C.C. Mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of Victoria Blue R using nano-TiO₂. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2008**, *62*, 423–436. [CrossRef]

152. Neppolian, B.; Choi, H.C.; Sakthivel, S.; Arabindoo, B.; Murugesan, V. Solar/UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of three commercial textile dyes. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2002**, *89*, 303–317. [CrossRef]

153. Pouretedal, H.R.; Norozi, A.; Keshavarz, M.H.; Semnani, A. Nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese, nickel and copper as nanophotocatalyst in the degradation of organic dyes. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2009**, *162*, 674–681. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

154. Mathialagan, A.; Manavalan, M.; Venkatachalam, K.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C.; Sagadevan, S.; Sagadevan, S. Fabrication and physicochemical characterization of g-C₃N₄/ZnO composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. *Opt. Mater.* **2020**, *100*, 109643. [CrossRef]

155. Qutub, N.; Singh, P.; Sabir, S.; Sagadevan, S.; Oh, W. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue dye using CdS/TiO₂ nanocomposite. *Sci. Rep.* **2022**, *12*, 5759. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

156. Muthukumaran, M.; Prasath, P.V.; Kulandaivelu, R.; Sagadevan, S.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C. Fabrication of nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride/Cu₂O (gC₃N₄@Cu₂O) composite and its enhanced photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants degradation. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2020**, *31*, 2257–2268. [CrossRef]

157. Priya, R.; Stanly, S.; Dhanalekshmi, S.B.; Mohammad, F.; Al-Lohedan, H.A.; Oh, W.C.; Sagadevan, S. Comparative studies of crystal violet dye removal between semiconductor nanoparticles and natural adsorbents. *Optik* **2020**, *206*, 164281. [CrossRef]

158. Sagadevan, S.; Lett, J.A.; Weldegebrieal, G.K.; Garg, S.; Oh, W.-C.; Hamizi, N.A.; Johan, M.R. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of rGO-CuO Nanocomposites for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants. *Catalysts* **2021**, *11*, 1008. [CrossRef]

159. Priya, R.; Stanly, S.; Kavitharani, T.; Mohammad, F.; Sagadevan, S. Highly effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using PrO₂-MgO nanocomposites under UV light. *Optik* **2020**, *206*, 164318.
133. Kumar, J.V.; Karthik, R.; Chen, S.-M.; Chen, K.-H.; Sakthinathan, S.; Muthuraj, V.; Chiu, T.-W. Design of novel 3D flower-like neodymium molybdate: An efficient and challenging catalyst for sensing and destroying pulmonary toxicity antibiotic drug nitrofurantoin. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2018**, *346*, 11–23. [CrossRef]

134. Thongam, D.D.; Chaturvedi, H. Advances in nanomaterials for heterogeneous photocatalysis. *Nano Express* **2021**, *2*, 012005. [CrossRef]

135. Tammina, S.K.; Mandal, B.K.; Kadiyala, N.K. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by nonconventional synthesized SnO₂ nanoparticles. *Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag.* **2018**, *10*, 339–350. [CrossRef]

136. Liua, H.; Guoa, W.; Lia, Y.; Heb, S.; Hea, C. Photocatalytic degradation of sixteen organic dyes by TiO₂/WO₃-coated magnetic nanoparticles under simulated visible light and solar light. *J. Environ. Chem. Eng.* **2018**, *6*, 59–67. [CrossRef]

137. Huang, H.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, L.; Zang, Z. Preparation of cubic Cu₂O nanoparticles wrapped by reduced graphene oxide for the efficient removal of rhodamine B. *J. Alloy. Compd.* **2017**, *718*, 112–115. [CrossRef]

138. Aggarwal, S. Photo Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Using CdS Semiconductor Nanoparticles Photo catalyst. *Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol.* **2016**, *3*, 451–455.

139. Aragaw, B.A.; Dagnaw, A. Copper/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation. *Ethiop. J. Sci. Technol.* **2019**, *12*, 125–137. [CrossRef]

140. Raina, S.; Roy, A.; Bharadvaja, N. Degradation of dyes using biologically synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles. *Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag.* **2020**, *13*, 100278. [CrossRef]

141. Zhang, Z.; Sun, L.; Wu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Li, S. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of CuO–Cu₂O/GO nanocomposites for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dye and tetracycline pollutants. *New J. Chem.* **2020**, *44*, 6420–6427. [CrossRef]

142. Bharathi, P.; Harish, S.; Archana, J.; Navaneethan, M.; Ponnusamy, S.; Muthamizhchelvan, C.; Shimomura, M.; Hayakawa, Y. Enhanced charge transfer and separation of hierarchical CuO/ZnO composites: The synergistic effect of photocatalysis for the mineralization of organic pollutant in water. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2019**, *484*, 884–891. [CrossRef]

143. Wei, X.-N.; Ou, C.-L.; Guan, X.-X.; Peng, Z.-K.; Zheng, X.-C. Facile assembly of CdS-reduced graphene oxide heterojunction with enhanced elimination performance for organic pollutants in wastewater. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2019**, *469*, 666–673. [CrossRef]

144. Adhikari, S.; Chandra, K.S.; Kim, D.-H.; Madras, G.; Sarkar, D. Understanding the morphological effects of WO₃ photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. *Adv. Powder Technol.* **2018**, *29*, 1591–1600. [CrossRef]

145. Bai, X.; Du, Y.; Hu, X.; He, Y.; He, C.; Liu, E.; Fan, J. Synergy removal of Cr(VI) and organic pollutants over RP-MoS₂/rGO photocatalyst. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2018**, *239*, 204–213. [CrossRef]

146. Grzechulska, J.; Morawski, A.W. Photocatalytic decomposition of azo-dye acid black 1 in water over modified titanium dioxide. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2001**, *36*, 45–51. [CrossRef]

147. Gnanaprakasam, A.; Sivakumar, V.M.; Thirumarimurugan, M. Influencing Parameters in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Effluent via Nanometal Oxide Catalyst: A Review. *Indian J. Mater. Sci.* **2015**, *2015*, 601827. [CrossRef]

148. Senthilvelan, S.; Chandraboss, V.L.; Karthikeyan, B.; Natanapatham, L.; Murugavelu, M. TiO₂, ZnO and nanobimetallic silica catalyzed photodegradation of methyl green. *Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process.* **2013**, *16*, 185–192. [CrossRef]

149. Karimi, L.; Zohoori, S.; Yazdanshenas, M.E. Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation using nano-strontium titanate as the nanophotocatalyst. *J. Saudi Chem. Soc.* **2014**, *18*, 581–588. [CrossRef]

150. Neppolian, B.; Kanel, S.R.; Choi, H.C.; Shankar, M.V.; Arabindoo, B.; Murugesan, V. Photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 17 dye in aqueous solution in the presence of TiO₂ with cement binder. *Int. J. Photoenergy* **2003**, *5*, 45–49. [CrossRef]

151. Mai, F.D.; Lu, C.S.; Wu, C.W.; Huang, C.H.; Chen, J.Y.; Chen, C.C. Mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of Victoria Blue R using nano-TiO₂. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2008**, *62*, 423–436. [CrossRef]

152. Neppolian, B.; Choi, H.C.; Sakthivel, S.; Arabindoo, B.; Murugesan, V. Solar/UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of three commercial textile dyes. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2002**, *89*, 303–317. [CrossRef]

153. Pouretedal, H.R.; Norozi, A.; Keshavarz, M.H.; Semnani, A. Nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese, nickel and copper as nanophotocatalyst in the degradation of organic dyes. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2009**, *162*, 674–681. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

154. Mathialagan, A.; Manavalan, M.; Venkatachalam, K.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C.; Sagadevan, S.; Sagadevan, S. Fabrication and physicochemical characterization of g-C₃N₄/ZnO composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. *Opt. Mater.* **2020**, *100*, 109643. [CrossRef]

155. Qutub, N.; Singh, P.; Sabir, S.; Sagadevan, S.; Oh, W. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue dye using CdS/TiO₂ nanocomposite. *Sci. Rep.* **2022**, *12*, 5759. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

156. Muthukumaran, M.; Prasath, P.V.; Kulandaivelu, R.; Sagadevan, S.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C. Fabrication of nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride/Cu₂O (gC₃N₄@Cu₂O) composite and its enhanced photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants degradation. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2020**, *31*, 2257–2268. [CrossRef]

157. Priya, R.; Stanly, S.; Dhanalekshmi, S.B.; Mohammad, F.; Al-Lohedan, H.A.; Oh, W.C.; Sagadevan, S. Comparative studies of crystal violet dye removal between semiconductor nanoparticles and natural adsorbents. *Optik* **2020**, *206*, 164281. [CrossRef]

158. Sagadevan, S.; Lett, J.A.; Weldegebrieal, G.K.; Garg, S.; Oh, W.-C.; Hamizi, N.A.; Johan, M.R. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of rGO-CuO Nanocomposites for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants. *Catalysts* **2021**, *11*, 1008. [CrossRef]

159. Priya, R.; Stanly, S.; Kavitharani, T.; Mohammad, F.; Sagadevan, S. Highly effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using PrO₂-MgO nanocomposites under UV light. *Optik* **2020**, *206*, 164318.
160. Muthukumaran, M.; Gnanamoorthy, G.; Prasath, P.V.; Abinaya, M.; Dhinagaran, G.; Sagadevan, S.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C.; Venkatachalam, K. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cuprous Oxide nanoparticles for malachite green degradation under the visible light radiation. *Mater. Res. Express* **2020**, *7*, 015038. [CrossRef]

161. Li, G.; Lv, L.; Fan, H.; Ma, J.; Li, Y.; Wan, Y.; Zhao, X. Effect of the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles on their photocatalytic performance in the aqueous phase. *J. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2010**, *348*, 342–347. [CrossRef]

162. Yousefi, A.; Allahverdi, A.; Hejazi, P. Effective dispersion of nano-TiO₂ powder for enhancement of photocatalytic properties in cement mixes. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2013**, *41*, 224–230. [CrossRef]

163. Pradeev Raj, K.; Sadaiyandi, K.; Kennedy, A.; Sagadevan, S. Photocatalytic and antibacterial studies of indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation technique. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2017**, *28*, 19025–19037. [CrossRef]

164. Shie, J.-L.; Lee, C.-H.; Chiou, C.-S.; Chang, C.-T.; Chang, C.-C.; Chang, C.-Y. Photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde using light sources of UVA, UVC and UVLED in the presence of composed silver titanium oxide photocatalyst. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2008**, *155*, 164–172. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

165. Sobana, N.; Selvam, K.; Swaminathan, M. Optimization of photocatalytic degradation conditions of Direct Red 23 using nano-Ag doped TiO₂. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2008**, *62*, 648–653. [CrossRef]

166. Huang, S.; Chen, C.; Tsai, H.; Shaya, J.; Lu, C. Photocatalytic degradation of thiobencarb by a visible light-driven MoS₂ photocatalyst. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2018**, *197*, 147–155. [CrossRef]

167. Chen, C.; Liu, J.; Liu, P.; Yu, B. Investigation of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Using Nano-Sized ZnO Catalysts. *Adv. Chem. Eng. Sci.* **2011**, *1*, 9–14. [CrossRef]

168. Schneider, J.; Matsuoka, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Zhang, J.; Horiuchi, Y.; Anpo, M.; Bahnemann, D.W. Understanding TiO₂ Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials. *Chem. Rev.* **2014**, *114*, 9919–9986. [CrossRef]

169. Yu, T.; Tan, X.; Zhao, L.; Yin, Y.; Chen, P.; Wei, J. Characterization, activity and kinetics of a visible light driven photocatalyst: Cerium and nitrogen co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2010**, *157*, 86–92. [CrossRef]

170. Margarita Skiba, V. Vorobyova Synthesis of Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite via plasma liquid interactions and degradation methylene blue. *Appl. Nanosci.* **2020**, *10*, 4717–4723. [CrossRef]

171. Kasinathan, K.; Kennedy, J.; Elayaperumal, M.; Henini, M.; Malik, M. Photodegradation of organic pollutants RhB dye using UV simulated sunlight on ceria based TiO₂ nanomaterials for antibacterial applications. *Sci. Rep.* **2016**, *6*, 38064. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

172. Ng, K.H.; Lee, C.H.; Khan, M.R.; Cheng, C.K. Photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant POME waste by using silver doped titania: Photokinetics and scavenging studies. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2016**, *286*, 282–290. [CrossRef]

173. Zielińska-Jurek, A.; Kowalska, E.; Sobczak, J.; Łącka, I.; Gazda, M.; Ohtani, B.; Hupka, J.; Zaleska, A. Silver-doped TiO₂ prepared by microemulsion method: Surface properties, bio- and photoactivity. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2010**, *72*, 309–318. [CrossRef]

174. Asiltürk, M.; Sayılkan, F.; Arpaç, E. Effect of Fe³⁺ ion doping to TiO₂ on the photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye under UV and vis-irradiation. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A* **2009**, *203*, 64–71. [CrossRef]

175. Crişan, M.; Mardare, D.; Ianculescu, A.; Drăgan, N.; Niţoiu, I.; Crişan, D.; Voicescu, M.; Todan, L.; Oancea, P.; Adomniţei, C.; et al. Iron doped TiO₂ films and their photoactivity in nitrobenzene removal from water. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2018**, *455*, 201–215. [CrossRef]

176. Krishnakumar, V.; Boobas, S.; Jayaprakash, J.; Rajaboopathi, M.; Han, B.; Louhi-Kultanen, M. Effect of Cu doping on TiO₂ nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity under visible light. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2016**, *27*, 7438–7447. [CrossRef]

177. Chiang, L.F.; Doong, R. Cu-TiO₂ nanorods with enhanced ultraviolet- and visible-light photoactivity for bisphenol A degradation. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2014**, *277*, 84–92. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

178. Nakhate, G.G.; Nikam, V.S.; Kanade, K.G.; Arbuj, S.; Kale, B.; Baeg, J.O. Hydrothermally derived nanosized Ni-doped TiO₂: A visible light driven photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation. *Mater. Chem. Phys.* **2010**, *124*, 976–981. [CrossRef]

179. Jiang, P.; Xiang, W.; Kuang, J.; Liu, W.; Cao, W. Effect of cobalt doping on the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO₂. *Solid State Sci.* **2015**, *46*, 27–32. [CrossRef]

180. Natarajan, T.S.; Natarajan, K.; Bajaj, H.C.; Tayade, R.J. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth-doped TiO₂ nanotubes under direct sunlight irradiation for degradation of Rhodamine B dye. *J. Nanoparticle Res.* **2013**, *15*, 1–18. [CrossRef]

181. Abdelhaleem, A.; Chu, W. Photodegradation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid under visible LED activated N-doped TiO₂ and the mechanism of stepwise rate increment of the reused catalyst. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2017**, *338*, 491–501. [CrossRef]

182. Boningari, T.; Inturi, S.N.R.; Suidan, M.; Smirniotis, P.G. Novel continuous single-step synthesis of nitrogen-modified TiO₂ by flame spray pyrolysis for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in visible light. *J. Mater. Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *34*, 1494–1502. [CrossRef]

183. Grabowska-Musiał, E.; Zaleska-Medynska, A.; Sobczak, J.; Gazda, M.; Hupka, J. Boron-doped TiO₂: Characteristics and photoactivity under visible light. *Procedia Chem.* **2009**, *1*, 1553–1559. [CrossRef]

184. Yu, C.; Fan, Q.; Xie, Y.; Chen, J.; Shu, Q.; Yu, J. Sonochemical fabrication of novel square-shaped F doped TiO₂ nanocrystals with enhanced performance in photocatalytic degradation of phenol. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2012**, 237–238, 38–45. [CrossRef]

185. Mrowetz, M.; Selli, E. Photocatalytic degradation of formic and benzoic acids and hydrogen peroxide evolution in TiO₂ and ZnO water suspensions. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2006**, *180*, 15–22. [CrossRef]

186. Wang, C.; Li, J.; Mele, G.; Yang, G.-M.; Zhang, F.-X.; Palmisano, L.; Vasapollo, G. Efficient degradation of 4-nitrophenol by using functionalized porphyrin-TiO₂ photocatalysts under visible irradiation. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2007**, *76*, 218–226. [CrossRef]

187. Xiao, Q.; Zhang, J.; Xiao, C.; Si, Z.; Tan, X. Solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in carbon-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles suspension. *Sol. Energy* **2008**, *82*, 706–713. [CrossRef]
160. Muthukumaran, M.; Gnanamoorthy, G.; Prasath, P.V.; Abinaya, M.; Dhinagaran, G.; Sagadevan, S.; Mohammad, F.; Oh, W.C.; Venkatachalam, K. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cuprous Oxide nanoparticles for malachite green degradation under the visible light radiation. *Mater. Res. Express* **2020**, *7*, 015038. [CrossRef]

161. Li, G.; Lv, L.; Fan, H.; Ma, J.; Li, Y.; Wan, Y.; Zhao, X. Effect of the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles on their photocatalytic performance in the aqueous phase. *J. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2010**, *348*, 342–347. [CrossRef]

162. Yousefi, A.; Allahverdi, A.; Hejazi, P. Effective dispersion of nano-TiO₂ powder for enhancement of photocatalytic properties in cement mixes. *Constr. Build. Mater.* **2013**, *41*, 224–230. [CrossRef]

163. Pradeev Raj, K.; Sadaiyandi, K.; Kennedy, A.; Sagadevan, S. Photocatalytic and antibacterial studies of indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation technique. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2017**, *28*, 19025–19037. [CrossRef]

164. Shie, J.-L.; Lee, C.-H.; Chiou, C.-S.; Chang, C.-T.; Chang, C.-C.; Chang, C.-Y. Photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde using light sources of UVA, UVC and UVLED in the presence of composed silver titanium oxide photocatalyst. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2008**, *155*, 164–172. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

165. Sobana, N.; Selvam, K.; Swaminathan, M. Optimization of photocatalytic degradation conditions of Direct Red 23 using nano-Ag doped TiO₂. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2008**, *62*, 648–653. [CrossRef]

166. Huang, S.; Chen, C.; Tsai, H.; Shaya, J.; Lu, C. Photocatalytic degradation of thiobencarb by a visible light-driven MoS₂ photocatalyst. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2018**, *197*, 147–155. [CrossRef]

167. Chen, C.; Liu, J.; Liu, P.; Yu, B. Investigation of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Using Nano-Sized ZnO Catalysts. *Adv. Chem. Eng. Sci.* **2011**, *1*, 9–14. [CrossRef]

168. Schneider, J.; Matsuoka, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Zhang, J.; Horiuchi, Y.; Anpo, M.; Bahnemann, D.W. Understanding TiO₂ Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials. *Chem. Rev.* **2014**, *114*, 9919–9986. [CrossRef]

169. Yu, T.; Tan, X.; Zhao, L.; Yin, Y.; Chen, P.; Wei, J. Characterization, activity and kinetics of a visible light driven photocatalyst: Cerium and nitrogen co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2010**, *157*, 86–92. [CrossRef]

170. Margarita Skiba, V. Vorobyova Synthesis of Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite via plasma liquid interactions and degradation methylene blue. *Appl. Nanosci.* **2020**, *10*, 4717–4723. [CrossRef]

171. Kasinathan, K.; Kennedy, J.; Elayaperumal, M.; Henini, M.; Malik, M. Photodegradation of organic pollutants RhB dye using UV simulated sunlight on ceria based TiO₂ nanomaterials for antibacterial applications. *Sci. Rep.* **2016**, *6*, 38064. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

172. Ng, K.H.; Lee, C.H.; Khan, M.R.; Cheng, C.K. Photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant POME waste by using silver doped titania: Photokinetics and scavenging studies. *Chem. Eng. J.* **2016**, *286*, 282–290. [CrossRef]

173. Zielińska-Jurek, A.; Kowalska, E.; Sobczak, J.; Łącka, I.; Gazda, M.; Ohtani, B.; Hupka, J.; Zaleska, A. Silver-doped TiO₂ prepared by microemulsion method: Surface properties, bio- and photoactivity. *Sep. Purif. Technol.* **2010**, *72*, 309–318. [CrossRef]

174. Asiltürk, M.; Sayılkan, F.; Arpaç, E. Effect of Fe³⁺ ion doping to TiO₂ on the photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye under UV and vis-irradiation. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A* **2009**, *203*, 64–71. [CrossRef]

175. Crişan, M.; Mardare, D.; Ianculescu, A.; Drăgan, N.; Niţoiu, I.; Crişan, D.; Voicescu, M.; Todan, L.; Oancea, P.; Adomniţei, C.; et al. Iron doped TiO₂ films and their photoactivity in nitrobenzene removal from water. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2018**, *455*, 201–215. [CrossRef]

176. Krishnakumar, V.; Boobas, S.; Jayaprakash, J.; Rajaboopathi, M.; Han, B.; Louhi-Kultanen, M. Effect of Cu doping on TiO₂ nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity under visible light. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2016**, *27*, 7438–7447. [CrossRef]

177. Chiang, L.F.; Doong, R. Cu-TiO₂ nanorods with enhanced ultraviolet- and visible-light photoactivity for bisphenol A degradation. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2014**, *277*, 84–92. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

178. Nakhate, G.G.; Nikam, V.S.; Kanade, K.G.; Arbuj, S.; Kale, B.; Baeg, J.O. Hydrothermally derived nanosized Ni-doped TiO₂: A visible light driven photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation. *Mater. Chem. Phys.* **2010**, *124*, 976–981. [CrossRef]

179. Jiang, P.; Xiang, W.; Kuang, J.; Liu, W.; Cao, W. Effect of cobalt doping on the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO₂. *Solid State Sci.* **2015**, *46*, 27–32. [CrossRef]

180. Natarajan, T.S.; Natarajan, K.; Bajaj, H.C.; Tayade, R.J. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth-doped TiO₂ nanotubes under direct sunlight irradiation for degradation of Rhodamine B dye. *J. Nanoparticle Res.* **2013**, *15*, 1–18. [CrossRef]

181. Abdelhaleem, A.; Chu, W. Photodegradation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid under visible LED activated N-doped TiO₂ and the mechanism of stepwise rate increment of the reused catalyst. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2017**, *338*, 491–501. [CrossRef]

182. Boningari, T.; Inturi, S.N.R.; Suidan, M.; Smirniotis, P.G. Novel continuous single-step synthesis of nitrogen-modified TiO₂ by flame spray pyrolysis for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in visible light. *J. Mater. Sci. Technol.* **2018**, *34*, 1494–1502. [CrossRef]

183. Grabowska-Musiał, E.; Zaleska-Medynska, A.; Sobczak, J.; Gazda, M.; Hupka, J. Boron-doped TiO₂: Characteristics and photoactivity under visible light. *Procedia Chem.* **2009**, *1*, 1553–1559. [CrossRef]

184. Yu, C.; Fan, Q.; Xie, Y.; Chen, J.; Shu, Q.; Yu, J. Sonochemical fabrication of novel square-shaped F doped TiO₂ nanocrystals with enhanced performance in photocatalytic degradation of phenol. *J. Hazard. Mater.* **2012**, 237–238, 38–45. [CrossRef]

185. Mrowetz, M.; Selli, E. Photocatalytic degradation of formic and benzoic acids and hydrogen peroxide evolution in TiO₂ and ZnO water suspensions. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.* **2006**, *180*, 15–22. [CrossRef]

186. Wang, C.; Li, J.; Mele, G.; Yang, G.-M.; Zhang, F.-X.; Palmisano, L.; Vasapollo, G. Efficient degradation of 4-nitrophenol by using functionalized porphyrin-TiO₂ photocatalysts under visible irradiation. *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2007**, *76*, 218–226. [CrossRef]

187. Xiao, Q.; Zhang, J.; Xiao, C.; Si, Z.; Tan, X. Solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in carbon-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles suspension. *Sol. Energy* **2008**, *82*, 706–713. [CrossRef]
188. Abbasi, S.; Hasanpour, M. The effect of pH on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using decorated ZnO nanoparticles with SnO₂ nanoparticles. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2016**, *28*, 1307–1314. [CrossRef]

189. Gusain, R.; Gupta, K.; Joshi, P.; Khatri, O.P. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. *Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2019**, *272*, 102009. [CrossRef]

190. Nosaka, Y.; Nosaka, A. Understanding Hydroxyl Radical (•OH) Generation Processes in Photocatalysis. *ACS Energy Lett.* **2016**, *1*, 356–359. [CrossRef]

191. Wang, W.-Y.; Ku, Y. Effect of solution pH on the adsorption and photocatalytic reaction behaviors of dyes using TiO₂ and Nafion-coated TiO₂. *Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp.* **2007**, *302*, 261–268. [CrossRef]

192. Etacheri, V.; Di Valentin, C.; Schneider, J.; Bahnemann, D.; Pillai, S.C. Visible-light activation of TiO₂ photocatalysts: Advances in theory and experiments. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev.* **2015**, *25*, 1–29. [CrossRef]

193. Zargoosh, K.; Rostami, M.; Aliabadi, H.M. Eu²⁺- and Nd³⁺-Doped CaAl₂O₄/WO₃/polyester nanocomposite as a sunlight-activated photocatalyst for fast removal of dyes from industrial wastes. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2020**, *31*, 11482–11495. [CrossRef]

194. Alkaim, A.; Aljeboree, A.; Alrazaq, N.; Baqir, S.; Hussein, F.; Lilo, A. Effect of pH on Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Different Catalysts on Removal of Methylene Blue. *Asian J. Chem.* **2014**, *26*, 8445–8448. [CrossRef]

195. Fatin, S.O.; Lim, H.N.; Tan, W.T.; Huang, N.M. Comparison of photocatalytic activity and cyclic voltammetry of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles toward degradation of methylene blue. *Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.* **2012**, *7*, 9074–9084.

196. Bahnemann, D. Photocatalytic detoxification of polluted waters. In *The Handbook of environmental Chemistry 2. Part L: Environmental Photochemistry*; Boule, P., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 1999; pp. 285–351.

197. Hung, C.H.; Yuan, C. Reduction of Azo-dye via TiO₂-photocatalysis. *J. Chin. Inst. Environ. Eng.* **2000**, *10*, 209–216.

198. Chanathaworn, J.; Bunyakan, C.; Wiyaratn, W.; Chungsiriporn, J. Photocatalytic decolorization of basic dye by TiO₂ nanoparticle in photoreactor. *Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.* **2012**, *34*, 203–210.

199. Liu, C.C.; Hsieh, Y.H.; Lai, P.F.; Li, C.H.; Kao, C.L. Photodegradation treatment of azo dye wastewater by UV/TiO₂ process. *Dye. Pigment.* **2006**, *68*, 191–195. [CrossRef]

200. Sakthivel, S.; Neppolian, B.; Shankar, M.V.; Arabindoo, B.; Palanichamy, M.; Murugesan, V. Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: Comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO₂. *Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells* **2003**, *77*, 65–82. [CrossRef]

201. So, C.M.; Cheng, M.Y.; Yu, J.C.; Wong, P.K. Degradation of azo dye procion red MX-5B by photocatalytic oxidation. *Chemosphere* **2002**, *46*, 905–912. [CrossRef]

202. Rao, K.V.S.; Subrahmanyam, M.; Boule, P. Immobilized TiO₂ photocatalyst during long-term use: Decrease of its activity. *Appl. Catal. B* **2004**, *49*, 239–249. [CrossRef]

203. Nguyen, V.H.; Shawn, D.L.; Wu, J.C.S.; Bai, H. Artificial sunlight and ultraviolet light induced photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst. *J. Nanotechnol.* **2014**, *5*, 566–576. [CrossRef]

204. Taddesse, A.M.; Alemu, M.; Kebede, T. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of p-n-n heterojunctions ternary composite Cu₂O/ZnO/Ag₃PO₄ under visible light irradiation. *J. Environ. Chem. Eng.* **2020**, *8*, 104356. [CrossRef]

205. Zhang, J.Y.; Mei, J.Y.; Yi, S.S.; Guan, X.X. Constructing of Z-scheme 3D g-C₃N₄-ZnO@graphene aerogel heterojunctions for high-efficient adsorption and photodegradation of organic pollutants. *Appl. Surf. Sci.* **2019**, *492*, 808–817. [CrossRef]

206. Tayebee, R.; Esmaeili, E.; Maleki, B.; Khoshniat, A.; Chahkandi, M.; Mollania, N. Photodegradation of methylene blue and some emerging pharmaceutical micropollutants with an aqueous suspension of WZnO-NH₂@H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ nanocomposite. *J. Mol. Liq.* **2020**, *317*, 113928. [CrossRef]

207. Priya, R.; Stanly, S.; Anuradha, R.; Sagadevan, S. Evaluation of photocatalytic activity of copper ferrite nanoparticles. *Mater. Res. Express* **2019**, *6*, 095014. [CrossRef]
188. Abbasi, S.; Hasanpour, M. The effect of pH on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using decorated ZnO nanoparticles with SnO₂ nanoparticles. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2016**, *28*, 1307–1314. [CrossRef]

189. Gusain, R.; Gupta, K.; Joshi, P.; Khatri, O.P. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. *Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.* **2019**, *272*, 102009. [CrossRef]

190. Nosaka, Y.; Nosaka, A. Understanding Hydroxyl Radical (•OH) Generation Processes in Photocatalysis. *ACS Energy Lett.* **2016**, *1*, 356–359. [CrossRef]

191. Wang, W.-Y.; Ku, Y. Effect of solution pH on the adsorption and photocatalytic reaction behaviors of dyes using TiO₂ and Nafion-coated TiO₂. *Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp.* **2007**, *302*, 261–268. [CrossRef]

192. Etacheri, V.; Di Valentin, C.; Schneider, J.; Bahnemann, D.; Pillai, S.C. Visible-light activation of TiO₂ photocatalysts: Advances in theory and experiments. *J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev.* **2015**, *25*, 1–29. [CrossRef]

193. Zargoosh, K.; Rostami, M.; Aliabadi, H.M. Eu²⁺- and Nd³⁺-Doped CaAl₂O₄/WO₃/polyester nanocomposite as a sunlight-activated photocatalyst for fast removal of dyes from industrial wastes. *J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.* **2020**, *31*, 11482–11495. [CrossRef]

194. Alkaim, A.; Aljeboree, A.; Alrazaq, N.; Baqir, S.; Hussein, F.; Lilo, A. Effect of pH on Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Different Catalysts on Removal of Methylene Blue. *Asian J. Chem.* **2014**, *26*, 8445–8448. [CrossRef]

195. Fatin, S.O.; Lim, H.N.; Tan, W.T.; Huang, N.M. Comparison of photocatalytic activity and cyclic voltammetry of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles toward degradation of methylene blue. *Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.* **2012**, *7*, 9074–9084.

196. Bahnemann, D. Photocatalytic detoxification of polluted waters. In *The Handbook of environmental Chemistry 2. Part L: Environmental Photochemistry*; Boule, P., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 1999; pp. 285–351.

197. Hung, C.H.; Yuan, C. Reduction of Azo-dye via TiO₂-photocatalysis. *J. Chin. Inst. Environ. Eng.* **2000**, *10*, 209–216.

198. Chanathaworn, J.; Bunyakan, C.; Wiyaratn, W.; Chungsiriporn, J. Photocatalytic decolorization of basic dye by TiO₂ nanoparticle in photoreactor. *Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.* **2012**, *34*, 203–210.

199. Liu, C.C.; Hsieh, Y.H.; Lai, P.F.; Li, C.H.; Kao, C.L. Photodegradation treatment of azo dye wastewater by UV/TiO₂ process. *Dye. Pigment.* **2006**, *68*, 191–195. [CrossRef]

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