Hirano, T., Livingston, J. H., Fukui, A., et al. 2021, AJ, 162, 161

Ho, C. S. K., & Van Eylen, V. 2023, MNRAS, 519, 4056

Hoerl, A. E., & Kennard, R. W. 1970, Technometrics, 12, 55

Holman, M. J., Winn, J. N., Latham, D. W., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1715

Hoyer, S., Guterman, P., Demangeon, O., et al. 2020, A&A, 635, A24

Huang, T., Peng, H., & Zhang, K. 2017, Statistica Sinica, 27, 147

Incha, E., Vanderbilt, A., Jacobs, T., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 523, 474

Jehin, E., Gillon, M., Queloz, D., et al. 2011, The Messenger, 145, 2

Jenkins, J. M., Twicken, J. D., McCauliff, S., et al. 2016, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9913, 99133E

Kaminski, A., Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., et al. 2018, A&A, 618, A115

Kasting, J. F., Whitmire, D. P., & Reynolds, R. T. 1993, Icarus, 101, 108

Kay, C., Opher, M., & Kornbleuth, M. 2016, ApJ, 826, 195

Kegerreis, J. A., Eke, V. R., Catling, D. C., et al. 2020, ApJ, 901, L31

Kemmer, J., Stock, S., Kossakowski, D., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A236

Kiman, R., Faherty, J. K., Cruz, K. L., et al. 2021, AJ, 161, 277

Kopparapu, R. K., Ramirez, R., Kasting, J. F., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 131

Kossakowski, D., Kemmer, J., Bluhm, P., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, A124

Kotani, T., Tamura, M., Nishikawa, J., et al. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 1070211

Kubyshkina, D. 2023, IAU Symp., 370, 103

Kubyshkina, D., & Fossati, L. 2022, A&A, 668, A178

Kubyshkina, D., Fossati, L., Erkaev, N. V., et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, L18

Kurucz, R. L. 1993, SYNTHE spectrum synthesis programs and line data (Cambridge, Mass.: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)

Lam, K. W. F., Korth, J., Masuda, K., et al. 2020, AJ, 159, 120

Lam, K. W. F., Csizmadia, S., Astudillo-Defru, N., et al. 2021, Science, 374, 1271

Lammer, H., Selsis, F., Ribas, I., et al. 2003, ApJ, 598, L121

Lee, E. J., & Connors, N. J. 2021, ApJ, 908, 32

Lee, E. J., Chiang, E., & Ormel, C. W. 2014, ApJ, 797, 95

Lee, E. J., Karalis, A., & Thorngren, D. P. 2022, ApJ, 941, 186

Leleu, A., Alibert, Y., Hara, N. C., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A26

Lillo-Box, J., Figueira, P., Leleu, A., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A121

Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A4

Lobo, A. H., Shields, A. L., Palubski, I. Z., & Wolf, E. 2023, ApJ, 945, 161

Lopez, E. D., & Fortney, J. J. 2013, ApJ, 776, 2

Lopez, E. D., & Fortney, J. J. 2014, ApJ, 792, 1

Lopez, E. D., & Rice, K. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 5303

Luger, R., & Barnes, R. 2015, Astrobiology, 15, 119

Luque, R., & Pallé, E. 2022, Science, 377, 1211

Luque, R., Pallé, E., Kossakowski, D., et al. 2019, A&A, 628, A39

Luque, R., Serrano, L. M., Molaverdikhani, K., et al. 2021, A&A, 645, A41

Luque, R., Fulton, B. J., Kunimoto, M., et al. 2022, A&A, 664, A199

MacDonald, M. G. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 5062

Maciel, W. J., Rodrigues, T. S., & Costa, R. D. D. 2011, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis., 47, 401

Maldonado, J., Micela, G., Baratella, M., et al. 2020, A&A, 644, A68

Mandel, K., & Agol, E. 2002, ApJ, 580, L171

Marboeuf, U., Thiabaud, A., Alibert, Y., Cabral, N., & Benz, W. 2014, A&A, 570, A36

Marcy, G. W., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D., & Lissauer, J. J. 1998, ApJ, 505, L147

Marigo, P., Girardi, L., Bressan, A., et al. 2017, ApJ, 835, 77

Martinez, C. F., Cunha, K., Ghezzi, L., & Smith, V. V. 2019, ApJ, 875, 29

Matsumura, S., Takeda, G., & Rasio, F. A. 2008, ApJ, 686, L29

Mayor, M., Pepe, F., Queloz, D., et al. 2003, The Messenger, 114, 20

Miguel, Y., Cridland, A., Ormel, C. W., Fortney, J. J., & Ida, S. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 1998

Mishra, L., Alibert, Y., Udry, S., & Mordasini, C. 2023, A&A, 670, A68

Morris, B. M., Delrez, L., Brandeker, A., et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A173

Narita, N., Fukui, A., Kusakabe, N., et al. 2019, J. Astron. Telescopes Instrum. Syst., 5, 015001

Nordström, B., Mayor, M., Andersen, J., et al. 2004, A&A, 418, 989

Nowak, G., Luque, R., Parviainen, H., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A173

Ojha, L., Troncone, B., Buffo, J., Journaux, B., & McDonald, G. 2022, Nat. Commun., 13, 7521

Oliva, E. 2006, Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. Suppl., 9, 409

Owen, J. E., & Wu, Y. 2013, ApJ, 775, 105

Owen, J. E., & Wu, Y. 2017, ApJ, 847, 29

Parviainen, H., Tingley, B., Deeg, H. J., et al. 2019, A&A, 630, A89

Pass, E. K., Charbonneau, D., Irwin, J. M., & Winters, J. G. 2022, ApJ, 936, 109

Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., et al. 2011, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 12, 2825

Pepe, F., Cristiani, S., Rebolo, R., et al. 2021, A&A, 645, A96

Peterson, M. S., Benneke, B., Collins, K., et al. 2023, Nature, 617, 701

Petigura, E. A., Rogers, J. G., Isaacson, H., et al. 2022, AJ, 163, 179

Piaulet, C., Benneke, B., Almenara, J. M., et al. 2023, Nat. Astron., 7, 206

Pont, F., Zucker, S., & Queloz, D. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 231

Powers, L. C., Libby-Roberts, J., Lin, A. S. J., et al. 2023, AJ, 166, 44

Pozuelos, F. J., Timmermans, M., Rackham, B. V., et al. 2023, A&A, 672, A70

Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Caballero, J. A., et al. 2014, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9147, 91471F

Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Ribas, I., et al. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 107020W

Rasmussen, C. E., & Williams, C. K. I. 2005, Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning) (The MIT Press)

Rayner, J., Tokunaga, A., Jaffe, D., et al. 2016, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9908, 990884

Rayner, J., Tokunaga, A., Jaffe, D., et al. 2022, PASP, 134, 015002

Reddy, B. E., Lambert, D. L., & Allende Prieto, C. 2006, MNRAS, 367, 1329

Reiners, A., Basri, G., & Browning, M. 2009, ApJ, 692, 538

Ricker, G. R., Winn, J. N., Vanderspek, R., et al. 2015, J. Astron. Telescopes Instrum. Syst., 1, 014003

Rogers, J. G., Gupta, A., Owen, J. E., & Schlichting, H. E. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 5886

Saar, S. H., & Linsky, J. L. 1985, ApJ, 299, L47

Salmon, S. J. A. J., Van Grootel, V., Buldgen, G., Dupret, M. A., & Eggenberger, P. 2021, A&A, 646, A7

Schanche, N., Hébrard, G., Collier Cameron, A., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 499, 428

Schmidt, S. J., Hawley, S. L., West, A. A., et al. 2015, AJ, 149, 158

Scholz, R. D., Meusinger, H., & Jahreiß, H. 2005, A&A, 442, 211

Schönrich, R., Binney, J., & Dehnen, W. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1829

Schwarz, G. 1978, Ann. Stati., 6, 461

Schweitzer, A., Passegger, V. M., Cifuentes, C., et al. 2019, A&A, 625, A68

Scuflaire, R., Théado, S., Montalbán, J., et al. 2008, Ap&SS, 316, 83

Seifahrt, A., Stürmer, J., Bean, J. L., & Schwab, C. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 107026D

Seifahrt, A., Bean, J. L., Kasper, D., et al. 2022, SPIE Conf. Ser., 12184, 121841G

Sergeev, D. E., Lambert, F. H., Mayne, N. J., et al. 2020, ApJ, 894, 84

Shulyak, D., Reiners, A., Nagel, E., et al. 2019, A&A, 626, A86

Skrutskie, M. F., Cutri, R. M., Stiening, R., et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1163

Sotin, C., Grasset, O., & Mocquet, A. 2007, Icarus, 191, 337

Soto, M. G., Anglada-Escudé, G., Dreizler, S., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A144

Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V., Delgado-Mena, E., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, A53

Stefansson, G., Mahadevan, S., Maney, M., et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 192

Thiabaud, A., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., et al. 2014, A&A, 562, A27

Thiabaud, A., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., Leya, I., & Mezger, K. 2015, A&A, 574, A138

Tilley, M. A., Segura, A., Meadows, V., Hawley, S., & Davenport, J. 2019, Astrobiology, 19, 64

Tody, D. 1986, SPIE Conf. Ser., 627, 733

Tody, D. 1993, in ASP Conf. Ser., 52, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems II, eds. R. J. Hanisch, R. J. V. Brissenden, & J. Barnes, 173

Trifonov, T., Kürster, M., Zechmeister, M., et al. 2018, A&A, 609, A117

Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., Morales, J. C., et al. 2021, Science, 371, 1038

Udry, S., Bonfils, X., Delfosse, X., et al. 2007, A&A, 469, L43

Van Eylen, V., Agentoft, C., Lundkvist, M. S., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 4786

Van Eylen, V., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bonfils, X., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 507, 2154

Venturini, J., Guilera, O. M., Haldemann, J., Ronco, M. P., & Mordasini, C. 2020, A&A, 643, L1

Watson, A. J., Donahue, T. M., & Walker, J. C. G. 1981, Icarus, 48, 150

Weiss, L. M., Marcy, G. W., Petigura, E. A., et al. 2018, AJ, 155, 48

West, A. A., Morgan, D. P., Bochanski, J. J., et al. 2011, AJ, 141, 97

Wielen, R. 1977, A&A, 60, 263

Wilson, T. G., Simpson, A. M., Collier Cameron, A., et al. 2023, Science, submitted

Winn, J. N. 2010, in Exoplanets, ed. S. Seager (Tucson: University of Arizona Press), 55

Winters, J. G., Cloutier, R., Medina, A. A., et al. 2022, AJ, 163, 168

Wright, E. L., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Mainzer, A. K., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 1868

Wu, Y. 2019, ApJ, 874, 91

Wyatt, M. C., Kral, Q., & Sinclair, C. A. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 782

Zacharias, N., Finch, C. T., Girard, T. M., et al. 2012, VizieR Online Data Catalog, I/322A

Zechmeister, M., Reiners, A., Amado, P. J., et al. 2018, A&A, 609, A12

Zechmeister, M., Reiners, A., Amado, P. J., et al. 2020, Astrophysics Source Code Library [record ascl:2006.011]

Zeng, L., Jacobsen, S. B., Sasselov, D. D., et al. 2019, PNAS, 116, 9723

<footnote n="1">¹ Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
e-mail: andrea.bonfanti@oeaw.ac.at</footnote>
Hirano, T., Livingston, J. H., Fukui, A., et al. 2021, AJ, 162, 161

Ho, C. S. K., & Van Eylen, V. 2023, MNRAS, 519, 4056

Hoerl, A. E., & Kennard, R. W. 1970, Technometrics, 12, 55

Holman, M. J., Winn, J. N., Latham, D. W., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1715

Hoyer, S., Guterman, P., Demangeon, O., et al. 2020, A&A, 635, A24

Huang, T., Peng, H., & Zhang, K. 2017, Statistica Sinica, 27, 147

Incha, E., Vanderbilt, A., Jacobs, T., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 523, 474

Jehin, E., Gillon, M., Queloz, D., et al. 2011, The Messenger, 145, 2

Jenkins, J. M., Twicken, J. D., McCauliff, S., et al. 2016, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9913, 99133E

Kaminski, A., Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., et al. 2018, A&A, 618, A115

Kasting, J. F., Whitmire, D. P., & Reynolds, R. T. 1993, Icarus, 101, 108

Kay, C., Opher, M., & Kornbleuth, M. 2016, ApJ, 826, 195

Kegerreis, J. A., Eke, V. R., Catling, D. C., et al. 2020, ApJ, 901, L31

Kemmer, J., Stock, S., Kossakowski, D., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A236

Kiman, R., Faherty, J. K., Cruz, K. L., et al. 2021, AJ, 161, 277

Kopparapu, R. K., Ramirez, R., Kasting, J. F., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 131

Kossakowski, D., Kemmer, J., Bluhm, P., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, A124

Kotani, T., Tamura, M., Nishikawa, J., et al. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 1070211

Kubyshkina, D. 2023, IAU Symp., 370, 103

Kubyshkina, D., & Fossati, L. 2022, A&A, 668, A178

Kubyshkina, D., Fossati, L., Erkaev, N. V., et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, L18

Kurucz, R. L. 1993, SYNTHE spectrum synthesis programs and line data (Cambridge, Mass.: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)

Lam, K. W. F., Korth, J., Masuda, K., et al. 2020, AJ, 159, 120

Lam, K. W. F., Csizmadia, S., Astudillo-Defru, N., et al. 2021, Science, 374, 1271

Lammer, H., Selsis, F., Ribas, I., et al. 2003, ApJ, 598, L121

Lee, E. J., & Connors, N. J. 2021, ApJ, 908, 32

Lee, E. J., Chiang, E., & Ormel, C. W. 2014, ApJ, 797, 95

Lee, E. J., Karalis, A., & Thorngren, D. P. 2022, ApJ, 941, 186

Leleu, A., Alibert, Y., Hara, N. C., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A26

Lillo-Box, J., Figueira, P., Leleu, A., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A121

Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A4

Lobo, A. H., Shields, A. L., Palubski, I. Z., & Wolf, E. 2023, ApJ, 945, 161

Lopez, E. D., & Fortney, J. J. 2013, ApJ, 776, 2

Lopez, E. D., & Fortney, J. J. 2014, ApJ, 792, 1

Lopez, E. D., & Rice, K. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 5303

Luger, R., & Barnes, R. 2015, Astrobiology, 15, 119

Luque, R., & Pallé, E. 2022, Science, 377, 1211

Luque, R., Pallé, E., Kossakowski, D., et al. 2019, A&A, 628, A39

Luque, R., Serrano, L. M., Molaverdikhani, K., et al. 2021, A&A, 645, A41

Luque, R., Fulton, B. J., Kunimoto, M., et al. 2022, A&A, 664, A199

MacDonald, M. G. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 5062

Maciel, W. J., Rodrigues, T. S., & Costa, R. D. D. 2011, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis., 47, 401

Maldonado, J., Micela, G., Baratella, M., et al. 2020, A&A, 644, A68

Mandel, K., & Agol, E. 2002, ApJ, 580, L171

Marboeuf, U., Thiabaud, A., Alibert, Y., Cabral, N., & Benz, W. 2014, A&A, 570, A36

Marcy, G. W., Butler, R. P., Vogt, S. S., Fischer, D., & Lissauer, J. J. 1998, ApJ, 505, L147

Marigo, P., Girardi, L., Bressan, A., et al. 2017, ApJ, 835, 77

Martinez, C. F., Cunha, K., Ghezzi, L., & Smith, V. V. 2019, ApJ, 875, 29

Matsumura, S., Takeda, G., & Rasio, F. A. 2008, ApJ, 686, L29

Mayor, M., Pepe, F., Queloz, D., et al. 2003, The Messenger, 114, 20

Miguel, Y., Cridland, A., Ormel, C. W., Fortney, J. J., & Ida, S. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 1998

Mishra, L., Alibert, Y., Udry, S., & Mordasini, C. 2023, A&A, 670, A68

Morris, B. M., Delrez, L., Brandeker, A., et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A173

Narita, N., Fukui, A., Kusakabe, N., et al. 2019, J. Astron. Telescopes Instrum. Syst., 5, 015001

Nordström, B., Mayor, M., Andersen, J., et al. 2004, A&A, 418, 989

Nowak, G., Luque, R., Parviainen, H., et al. 2020, A&A, 642, A173

Ojha, L., Troncone, B., Buffo, J., Journaux, B., & McDonald, G. 2022, Nat. Commun., 13, 7521

Oliva, E. 2006, Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. Suppl., 9, 409

Owen, J. E., & Wu, Y. 2013, ApJ, 775, 105

Owen, J. E., & Wu, Y. 2017, ApJ, 847, 29

Parviainen, H., Tingley, B., Deeg, H. J., et al. 2019, A&A, 630, A89

Pass, E. K., Charbonneau, D., Irwin, J. M., & Winters, J. G. 2022, ApJ, 936, 109

Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., et al. 2011, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 12, 2825

Pepe, F., Cristiani, S., Rebolo, R., et al. 2021, A&A, 645, A96

Peterson, M. S., Benneke, B., Collins, K., et al. 2023, Nature, 617, 701

Petigura, E. A., Rogers, J. G., Isaacson, H., et al. 2022, AJ, 163, 179

Piaulet, C., Benneke, B., Almenara, J. M., et al. 2023, Nat. Astron., 7, 206

Pont, F., Zucker, S., & Queloz, D. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 231

Powers, L. C., Libby-Roberts, J., Lin, A. S. J., et al. 2023, AJ, 166, 44

Pozuelos, F. J., Timmermans, M., Rackham, B. V., et al. 2023, A&A, 672, A70

Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Caballero, J. A., et al. 2014, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9147, 91471F

Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Ribas, I., et al. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 107020W

Rasmussen, C. E., & Williams, C. K. I. 2005, Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning) (The MIT Press)

Rayner, J., Tokunaga, A., Jaffe, D., et al. 2016, SPIE Conf. Ser., 9908, 990884

Rayner, J., Tokunaga, A., Jaffe, D., et al. 2022, PASP, 134, 015002

Reddy, B. E., Lambert, D. L., & Allende Prieto, C. 2006, MNRAS, 367, 1329

Reiners, A., Basri, G., & Browning, M. 2009, ApJ, 692, 538

Ricker, G. R., Winn, J. N., Vanderspek, R., et al. 2015, J. Astron. Telescopes Instrum. Syst., 1, 014003

Rogers, J. G., Gupta, A., Owen, J. E., & Schlichting, H. E. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 5886

Saar, S. H., & Linsky, J. L. 1985, ApJ, 299, L47

Salmon, S. J. A. J., Van Grootel, V., Buldgen, G., Dupret, M. A., & Eggenberger, P. 2021, A&A, 646, A7

Schanche, N., Hébrard, G., Collier Cameron, A., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 499, 428

Schmidt, S. J., Hawley, S. L., West, A. A., et al. 2015, AJ, 149, 158

Scholz, R. D., Meusinger, H., & Jahreiß, H. 2005, A&A, 442, 211

Schönrich, R., Binney, J., & Dehnen, W. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1829

Schwarz, G. 1978, Ann. Stati., 6, 461

Schweitzer, A., Passegger, V. M., Cifuentes, C., et al. 2019, A&A, 625, A68

Scuflaire, R., Théado, S., Montalbán, J., et al. 2008, Ap&SS, 316, 83

Seifahrt, A., Stürmer, J., Bean, J. L., & Schwab, C. 2018, SPIE Conf. Ser., 10702, 107026D

Seifahrt, A., Bean, J. L., Kasper, D., et al. 2022, SPIE Conf. Ser., 12184, 121841G

Sergeev, D. E., Lambert, F. H., Mayne, N. J., et al. 2020, ApJ, 894, 84

Shulyak, D., Reiners, A., Nagel, E., et al. 2019, A&A, 626, A86

Skrutskie, M. F., Cutri, R. M., Stiening, R., et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1163

Sotin, C., Grasset, O., & Mocquet, A. 2007, Icarus, 191, 337

Soto, M. G., Anglada-Escudé, G., Dreizler, S., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A144

Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V., Delgado-Mena, E., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, A53

Stefansson, G., Mahadevan, S., Maney, M., et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 192

Thiabaud, A., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., et al. 2014, A&A, 562, A27

Thiabaud, A., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., Leya, I., & Mezger, K. 2015, A&A, 574, A138

Tilley, M. A., Segura, A., Meadows, V., Hawley, S., & Davenport, J. 2019, Astrobiology, 19, 64

Tody, D. 1986, SPIE Conf. Ser., 627, 733

Tody, D. 1993, in ASP Conf. Ser., 52, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems II, eds. R. J. Hanisch, R. J. V. Brissenden, & J. Barnes, 173

Trifonov, T., Kürster, M., Zechmeister, M., et al. 2018, A&A, 609, A117

Trifonov, T., Caballero, J. A., Morales, J. C., et al. 2021, Science, 371, 1038

Udry, S., Bonfils, X., Delfosse, X., et al. 2007, A&A, 469, L43

Van Eylen, V., Agentoft, C., Lundkvist, M. S., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 4786

Van Eylen, V., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bonfils, X., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 507, 2154

Venturini, J., Guilera, O. M., Haldemann, J., Ronco, M. P., & Mordasini, C. 2020, A&A, 643, L1

Watson, A. J., Donahue, T. M., & Walker, J. C. G. 1981, Icarus, 48, 150

Weiss, L. M., Marcy, G. W., Petigura, E. A., et al. 2018, AJ, 155, 48

West, A. A., Morgan, D. P., Bochanski, J. J., et al. 2011, AJ, 141, 97

Wielen, R. 1977, A&A, 60, 263

Wilson, T. G., Simpson, A. M., Collier Cameron, A., et al. 2023, Science, submitted

Winn, J. N. 2010, in Exoplanets, ed. S. Seager (Tucson: University of Arizona Press), 55

Winters, J. G., Cloutier, R., Medina, A. A., et al. 2022, AJ, 163, 168

Wright, E. L., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Mainzer, A. K., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 1868

Wu, Y. 2019, ApJ, 874, 91

Wyatt, M. C., Kral, Q., & Sinclair, C. A. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 782

Zacharias, N., Finch, C. T., Girard, T. M., et al. 2012, VizieR Online Data Catalog, I/322A

Zechmeister, M., Reiners, A., Amado, P. J., et al. 2018, A&A, 609, A12

Zechmeister, M., Reiners, A., Amado, P. J., et al. 2020, Astrophysics Source Code Library [record ascl:2006.011]

Zeng, L., Jacobsen, S. B., Sasselov, D. D., et al. 2019, PNAS, 116, 9723

<footnote n="1">¹ Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
e-mail: andrea.bonfanti@oeaw.ac.at</footnote>
² Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL 60637, USA

³ Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road,
Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

⁴ Observatoire astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

⁵ Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut,
University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

⁶ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

7 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal

⁸ Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern,
Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

9 ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland

¹⁰ Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE,
UK

¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain

¹² Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

¹³ Lund Observatory, Dept. of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics,
Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden

¹⁴ Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Uni-
versidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

¹⁵ Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège,
Belgium

16 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

¹⁷ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico
Francisco Sanchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

¹⁸ European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

¹⁹ Admatis, 5. Kandó Kálmán Street, 3534 Miskolc, Hungary

²⁰ Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC
campus, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain

²¹ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

²² Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astron-
omy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16
9SS, UK

²³ Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany

²⁴ INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio, 20,
10025 Pino Torinese To, Italy

²⁵ Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

²⁶ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille, France

27 Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium

28 Centre Vie dans l'Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

29 Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

30 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden

31 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy

32 Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria

33 Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria

34 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15–17, Hungary

35 ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary

36 IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France

37 Institut d'astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis blvd. Arago, 75014 Paris, France

38 Astrophysics Group, Lennard Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

39 INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy

40 Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany

41 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

42 Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany

43 Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Maltheserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany

44 Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

45 Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

46 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

47 Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

48 ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary

49 HUN-REN-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Szombathely 9700, Hungary

50 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road,
Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
² Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL 60637, USA

³ Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road,
Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

⁴ Observatoire astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

⁵ Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut,
University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

⁶ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

7 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal

⁸ Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern,
Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

9 ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland

¹⁰ Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE,
UK

¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain

¹² Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

¹³ Lund Observatory, Dept. of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics,
Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden

¹⁴ Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Uni-
versidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

¹⁵ Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège,
Belgium

16 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

17 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico
Francisco Sanchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

¹⁸ European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

¹⁹ Admatis, 5. Kandó Kálmán Street, 3534 Miskolc, Hungary

²⁰ Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC
campus, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain

²¹ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

²² Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astron-
omy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16
9SS, UK

²³ Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany

²⁴ INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio, 20,
10025 Pino Torinese To, Italy

²⁵ Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

²⁶ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille, France

27 Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium

²⁸ Centre Vie dans l'Univers, Faculté des sciences, Univer-
sité de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Genève 4,
Switzerland

29 Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

30 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers Univer-
sity of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala,
Sweden

31 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy

32 Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanz-
strasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria

33 Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria

34 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15–17, Hungary

35 ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary

36 IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France

37 Institut d'astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis blvd. Arago, 75014 Paris, France

38 Astrophysics Group, Lennard Jones Building, Keele University,
Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

39 INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy

40 Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany

41 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

42 Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany

43 Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitaet Berlin,
Maltheserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany

44 Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

45 Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità 2-4,
08034 Barcelona, Spain

46 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

47 Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

48 ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary

49 HUN-REN-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Szombathely 9700, Hungary

50 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road,
Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
Appendix A: CHEOPS raw light curves

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.1: Raw CHEOPS LCs in chronological order of observations from CH 1 up to CH 6, as presented in Table 3. The main systematic affecting the LCs is due to the highly variable flux pattern correlating with the spacecraft roll angle.</figcaption></figure>
**Appendix A: CHEOPS raw light curves**

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.1: Raw CHEOPS LCs in chronological order of observations from CH 1 up to CH 6, as presented in Table 3. The main systematic affecting the LCs is due to the highly variable flux pattern correlating with the spacecraft roll angle.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.2: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 7 up to CH 12.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.2: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 7 up to CH 12.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.3: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 13 up to CH 18.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.3: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 13 up to CH 18.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.4: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 19 up to CH 24.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.4: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs from CH 19 up to CH 24.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.5: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs CH 25.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.5: Same as Fig. A.1, but for CHEOPS LCs CH 25.</figcaption></figure>
**Appendix B: Ground-based facilities light curves**

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

Fig. B.1: Phase-folded LCs of TOI-732 b (first column) and TOI-732 c (second column) observed by ground-based facilities in the following filters: g' (first row), r' (second row), i' (third row), and z' (fourth row).
**Appendix B: Ground-based facilities light curves**

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

Fig. B.1: Phase-folded LCs of TOI-732 b (first column) and TOI-732 c (second column) observed by ground-based facilities in the following filters: g' (first row), r' (second row), i' (third row), and z' (fourth row).
<figure><img src="image_16.png" /><figcaption>Fig. B.2: LCs of TOI-732 c taken by ground-based facilities. From *Top* to *Bottom* going row wise the observation filters are B, V, R, and RG715.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Fig. B.3: LC of TOI-732 b as observed by OAA in the I filter.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Fig. B.2: LCs of TOI-732 c taken by ground-based facilities. From *Top* to *Bottom* going row wise the observation filters are B, V, R, and RG715.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>Fig. B.3: LC of TOI-732 b as observed by OAA in the I filter.</figcaption></figure>
## Appendix C: Additional tables and figures

<table><caption>Table C.1: Quadratic limb darkening (LD) coefficients ($u_1, u_2$) for each photo</caption><thead><tr><th>LD</th><th>Prior</th><th>Posterior</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CHEOPS u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.311, 0.054)</td><td>0.330<sup>+0.053</sup><sub>-0.054</sub></td></tr><tr><td>CHEOPS u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.383, 0.041)</td><td>0.387 ± 0.042</td></tr><tr><td>TESS u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.208, 0.042)</td><td>0.217 ± 0.043</td></tr><tr><td>TESS u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.415, 0.030)</td><td>0.418 ± 0.032</td></tr><tr><td>g' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.408, 0.047)</td><td>0.398<sup>+0.048</sup><sub>-0.047</sub></td></tr><tr><td>g' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.386, 0.029)</td><td>0.382 ± 0.031</td></tr><tr><td>r' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.444, 0.078)</td><td>0.434<sup>+0.078</sup><sub>-0.077</sub></td></tr><tr><td>r' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.326, 0.061)</td><td>0.324<sup>+0.065</sup><sub>-0.066</sub></td></tr><tr><td>i' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.310, 0.048)</td><td>0.320<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.052</sub></td></tr><tr><td>i' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.346, 0.043)</td><td>0.345<sup>+0.044</sup><sub>-0.045</sub></td></tr><tr><td>z' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.162, 0.043)</td><td>0.153<sup>+0.043</sup><sub>-0.044</sub></td></tr><tr><td>z' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.439, 0.028)</td><td>0.437 ± 0.030</td></tr><tr><td>B u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.399, 0.034)</td><td>0.400 ± 0.034</td></tr><tr><td>B u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.401, 0.018)</td><td>0.401<sup>+0.019</sup><sub>-0.020</sub></td></tr><tr><td>V u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.400, 0.063)</td><td>0.393<sup>+0.066</sup><sub>-0.064</sub></td></tr><tr><td>V u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.386, 0.041)</td><td>0.385 ± 0.045</td></tr><tr><td>R u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.413, 0.070)</td><td>0.412<sup>+0.072</sup><sub>-0.075</sub></td></tr><tr><td>R u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.325, 0.055)</td><td>0.322<sup>+0.059</sup><sub>-0.060</sub></td></tr><tr><td>I u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.270, 0.052)</td><td>0.271 ± 0.054</td></tr><tr><td>I u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.379, 0.042)</td><td>0.377<sup>+0.045</sup><sub>-0.044</sub></td></tr><tr><td>RG715 u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.193, 0.040)</td><td>0.193 ± 0.042</td></tr><tr><td>RG715 u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.427, 0.028)</td><td>0.426 ± 0.030</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.** $N(\mu, \sigma)$ denotes a Normal prior with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$.

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>Fig. C.1: Same as Fig. 6, but with the markers colour-coded against $R_p T_{eq}^4$, which correlates with the core-powered mass loss strength (Gupta & Schlichting 2019).</figcaption></figure>
## Appendix C: Additional tables and figures

<table><caption>Table C.1: Quadratic limb darkening (LD) coefficients ($u_1, u_2$) for each photo</caption><thead><tr><th>LD</th><th>Prior</th><th>Posterior</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CHEOPS u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.311, 0.054)</td><td>0.330<sup>+0.053</sup><sub>-0.054</sub></td></tr><tr><td>CHEOPS u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.383, 0.041)</td><td>0.387 ± 0.042</td></tr><tr><td>TESS u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.208, 0.042)</td><td>0.217 ± 0.043</td></tr><tr><td>TESS u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.415, 0.030)</td><td>0.418 ± 0.032</td></tr><tr><td>g' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.408, 0.047)</td><td>0.398<sup>+0.048</sup><sub>-0.047</sub></td></tr><tr><td>g' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.386, 0.029)</td><td>0.382 ± 0.031</td></tr><tr><td>r' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.444, 0.078)</td><td>0.434<sup>+0.078</sup><sub>-0.077</sub></td></tr><tr><td>r' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.326, 0.061)</td><td>0.324<sup>+0.065</sup><sub>-0.066</sub></td></tr><tr><td>i' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.310, 0.048)</td><td>0.320<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.052</sub></td></tr><tr><td>i' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.346, 0.043)</td><td>0.345<sup>+0.044</sup><sub>-0.045</sub></td></tr><tr><td>z' u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.162, 0.043)</td><td>0.153<sup>+0.043</sup><sub>-0.044</sub></td></tr><tr><td>z' u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.439, 0.028)</td><td>0.437 ± 0.030</td></tr><tr><td>B u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.399, 0.034)</td><td>0.400 ± 0.034</td></tr><tr><td>B u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.401, 0.018)</td><td>0.401<sup>+0.019</sup><sub>-0.020</sub></td></tr><tr><td>V u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.400, 0.063)</td><td>0.393<sup>+0.066</sup><sub>-0.064</sub></td></tr><tr><td>V u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.386, 0.041)</td><td>0.385 ± 0.045</td></tr><tr><td>R u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.413, 0.070)</td><td>0.412<sup>+0.072</sup><sub>-0.075</sub></td></tr><tr><td>R u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.325, 0.055)</td><td>0.322<sup>+0.059</sup><sub>-0.060</sub></td></tr><tr><td>I u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.270, 0.052)</td><td>0.271 ± 0.054</td></tr><tr><td>I u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.379, 0.042)</td><td>0.377<sup>+0.045</sup><sub>-0.044</sub></td></tr><tr><td>RG715 u<sub>1</sub></td><td>N(0.193, 0.040)</td><td>0.193 ± 0.042</td></tr><tr><td>RG715 u<sub>2</sub></td><td>N(0.427, 0.028)</td><td>0.426 ± 0.030</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.** $N(\mu, \sigma)$ denotes a Normal prior with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$.

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /><figcaption>Fig. C.1: Same as Fig. 6, but with the markers colour-coded against $R_p T_{eq}^4$, which correlates with the core-powered mass loss strength (Gupta & Schlichting 2019).</figcaption></figure>
<table><caption>Table C.2: Polynomial detrending baselines applied to the space-based light curves within the MCMC scheme.</caption><thead><tr><th>Time series</th><th>Planet</th><th>Detrending model</th><th>Time series</th><th>Planet</th><th>Detrending model</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CH 1</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>3</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 29</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 2</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 30</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 3</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + smear<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 31</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 4</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 32</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 5</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 33</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 6</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + sky<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 34</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + dy<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 7</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 35</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 8</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + sky<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 36</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 9</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 37</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 10</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 38</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 11</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>4</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 39</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 12</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 40</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 13</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 41</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 14</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 42</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>3</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 15</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 43</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 16</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 44</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 17</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 45</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 18</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 46</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 19</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 47</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 20</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 48</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 21</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 49</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 22</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 50</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 23</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 51</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 24</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 52</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 25</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 53</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 1</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 54</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 2</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 55</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 3</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 56</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 4</td><td>b c</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 57</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 5</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 58</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 6</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 59</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 7</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 60</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 8</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 61</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 9</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 62</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 10</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 63</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 11</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 64</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 12</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 65</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 13</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 66</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 14</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 67</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 15</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 68</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 16</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 69</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 17</td><td>b c</td><td>dy<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 70</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 18</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 71</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 19</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 72</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 20</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 73</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 21</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 74</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 22</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 75</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 23</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 76</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 24</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 77</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 25</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 78</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 26</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 79</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 27</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 80</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 28</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 81</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.** CHEOPS LCs further required a GP-based pre-detrending against the roll angle, here denoted with GP(roll). The LC counter refers to the CHEOPS (CH) and TESS (TE) light curves, extracted as detailed in the text in chronological order of observations. In particular, TE LC from 1 to 28, from 29 to 52, and from 53 to 81 are extracted from Sector 9, 35, and 62, respectively. All the ground-based observations reduced as explained in the text only required a normalisation scalar (c). See text for further details.
<table><caption>Table C.2: Polynomial detrending baselines applied to the space-based light curves within the MCMC scheme.</caption><thead><tr><th>Time series</th><th>Planet</th><th>Detrending model</th><th>Time series</th><th>Planet</th><th>Detrending model</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CH 1</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>3</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 29</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 2</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 30</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 3</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + smear<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 31</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 4</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 32</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 5</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 33</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 6</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + sky<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 34</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + dy<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 7</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 35</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 8</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + sky<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 36</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 9</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 37</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 10</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 38</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 11</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>4</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 39</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 12</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 40</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 13</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 41</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 14</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup> + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 42</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>3</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 15</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 43</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 16</td><td>b c</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 44</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 17</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 45</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 18</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll) + (xy)<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 46</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 19</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 47</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 20</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 48</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 21</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 49</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 22</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 50</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 23</td><td>b</td><td>GP(roll)</td><td>TE 51</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 24</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 52</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CH 25</td><td>0</td><td>GP(roll) + t<sup>2</sup></td><td>TE 53</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 1</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 54</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 2</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 55</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 3</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 56</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 4</td><td>b c</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 57</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 5</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 58</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 6</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 59</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 7</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 60</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 8</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 61</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 9</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 62</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 10</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 63</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 11</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 64</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 12</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 65</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 13</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 66</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 14</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 67</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 15</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 68</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 16</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 69</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 17</td><td>b c</td><td>dy<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 70</td><td>b c</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 18</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 71</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 19</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 72</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 20</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 73</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup> + (xy)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 21</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 74</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 22</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 75</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 23</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 76</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 24</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 77</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>3</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 25</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 78</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 26</td><td>b</td><td>dx<sup>1</sup></td><td>TE 79</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 27</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 80</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>1</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TE 28</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>TE 81</td><td>b</td><td>t<sup>2</sup> + dx<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

**Notes.** CHEOPS LCs further required a GP-based pre-detrending against the roll angle, here denoted with GP(roll). The LC counter refers to the CHEOPS (CH) and TESS (TE) light curves, extracted as detailed in the text in chronological order of observations. In particular, TE LC from 1 to 28, from 29 to 52, and from 53 to 81 are extracted from Sector 9, 35, and 62, respectively. All the ground-based observations reduced as explained in the text only required a normalisation scalar (c). See text for further details.
<table><caption>Table C.3: Radial velocity jitter for each RV time series as inferred from the MCMC global analysis, after applying the polynomial detrending as specified in the third column. *c* denotes a scalar offset; see text for further details</caption><thead><tr><th>Instrument</th><th>RV jitter [m s<sup>-1</sup>]</th><th>Detrending</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HARPS</td><td>1.593<sup>+0.045</sup><sub>-0.026</sub></td><td>t<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRD</td><td>0.8391<sup>+0.0064</sup><sub>-0.0063</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>HARPS-N</td><td>2.151<sup>+0.043</sup><sub>-0.040</sub></td><td>t<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CARMENES</td><td>2.033<sup>+0.060</sup><sub>-0.057</sub></td><td>t<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>iSHELL</td><td>4.05 ± 0.30</td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue Feb 2021</td><td>1.12<sup>+0.21</sup><sub>-0.23</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue Apr 2021</td><td>0.007<sup>+0.038</sup><sub>-0.007</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue May 2021</td><td>0.11<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.11</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red Feb 2021</td><td>0.07<sup>+0.15</sup><sub>-0.07</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red Apr 2021</td><td>0.06<sup>+0.20</sup><sub>-0.06</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red May 2021</td><td>0.616<sup>+0.052</sup><sub>-0.039</sub></td><td>dlw<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C.3: Radial velocity jitter for each RV time series as inferred from the MCMC global analysis, after applying the polynomial detrending as specified in the third column. *c* denotes a scalar offset; see text for further details</caption><thead><tr><th>Instrument</th><th>RV jitter [m s<sup>-1</sup>]</th><th>Detrending</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HARPS</td><td>1.593<sup>+0.045</sup><sub>-0.026</sub></td><td>t<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRD</td><td>0.8391<sup>+0.0064</sup><sub>-0.0063</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>HARPS-N</td><td>2.151<sup>+0.043</sup><sub>-0.040</sub></td><td>t<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CARMENES</td><td>2.033<sup>+0.060</sup><sub>-0.057</sub></td><td>t<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>iSHELL</td><td>4.05 ± 0.30</td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue Feb 2021</td><td>1.12<sup>+0.21</sup><sub>-0.23</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue Apr 2021</td><td>0.007<sup>+0.038</sup><sub>-0.007</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X blue May 2021</td><td>0.11<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.11</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red Feb 2021</td><td>0.07<sup>+0.15</sup><sub>-0.07</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red Apr 2021</td><td>0.06<sup>+0.20</sup><sub>-0.06</sub></td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>MAROON-X red May 2021</td><td>0.616<sup>+0.052</sup><sub>-0.039</sub></td><td>dlw<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C.4: Main planetary parameters of the Msample.</caption><thead><tr><th>Planet</th><th>P [d]</th><th>R<sub>p</sub> [R<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>M<sub>p</sub> [M<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>ρ<sub>p</sub> [ρ<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>R<sub>p</sub>-location</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TOI-732 b</td><td>0.76837931<sup>+0.00000039</sup><sub>-0.00000042</sub></td><td>1.325<sup>+0.057</sup><sub>-0.058</sub></td><td>2.46 ± 0.19</td><td>1.06<sup>+0.18</sup><sub>-0.14</sub></td><td>below</td><td>This work</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-732 c</td><td>12.252284 ± 0.000013</td><td>2.39<sup>+0.10</sup><sub>-0.11</sub></td><td>8.04<sup>+0.50</sup><sub>-0.48</sub></td><td>0.59<sup>+0.10</sup><sub>-0.08</sub></td><td>above</td><td>This work</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1132 b</td><td>1.628931 ± 0.000027</td><td>1.13 ± 0.056</td><td>1.66 ± 0.23</td><td>1.15 ± 0.23</td><td>below</td><td>Bonfils et al. (2018)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1214 b</td><td>1.58040433 ± 0.00000013</td><td>2.74<sup>+0.050</sup><sub>-0.053</sub></td><td>8.17 ± 0.43</td><td>0.396 ± 0.031</td><td>above</td><td>Cloutier et al. (2021a)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1252 b</td><td>0.51824160 ± 0.00000069</td><td>1.180 ± 0.078</td><td>1.32 ± 0.28</td><td>0.80 ± 0.23</td><td>below</td><td>Crossfield et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 3090 b</td><td>2.853136<sup>+0.000064</sup><sub>-0.000038</sub></td><td>2.13 ± 0.11</td><td>3.34 ± 0.72</td><td>0.346 ± 0.092</td><td>above</td><td>Almenara et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 3473 b</td><td>1.1980035<sup>+0.0000018</sup><sub>-0.0000019</sub></td><td>1.264<sup>+0.050</sup><sub>-0.049</sub></td><td>1.86 ± 0.30</td><td>0.92 ± 0.18</td><td>below</td><td>Kemmer et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 357 b</td><td>3.93072<sup>+0.00008</sup><sub>-0.00006</sub></td><td>1.217<sup>+0.084</sup><sub>-0.083</sub></td><td>1.84 ± 0.31</td><td>1.02 ± 0.27</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 367 b</td><td>0.321962<sup>+0.000010</sup><sub>-0.000012</sub></td><td>0.718 ± 0.054</td><td>0.546 ± 0.078</td><td>1.48 ± 0.39</td><td>below</td><td>Lam et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 486 b</td><td>1.467119<sup>+0.000031</sup><sub>-0.000030</sub></td><td>1.305<sup>+0.063</sup><sub>-0.067</sub></td><td>2.82<sup>+0.11</sup><sub>-0.12</sub></td><td>1.27 ± 0.20</td><td>below</td><td>Trifonov et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>HD 260655 b</td><td>2.76953 ± 0.00003</td><td>1.24 ± 0.023</td><td>2.14 ± 0.34</td><td>1.12 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>HD 260655 c</td><td>5.70588 ± 0.00007</td><td>1.533<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.046</sub></td><td>3.09 ± 0.48</td><td>0.86 ± 0.16</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-146 b</td><td>2.6698 ± 0.0001</td><td>2.25 ± 0.10</td><td>5.6 ± 0.7</td><td>0.492 ± 0.090</td><td>above</td><td>Lam et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-18 b</td><td>32.940045 ± 0.000010</td><td>2.61 ± 0.087</td><td>8.63 ± 1.35</td><td>0.485 ± 0.090</td><td>above</td><td>Benneke et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-25 b</td><td>3.48456408<sup>+0.00000060</sup><sub>-0.00000050</sub></td><td>3.44 ± 0.12</td><td>24.5<sup>+5.7</sup><sub>-5.2</sub></td><td>0.60 ± 0.15</td><td>above</td><td>Stefansson et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-3 b</td><td>10.05465350<sup>+0.00000088</sup><sub>-0.00000091</sub></td><td>2.078<sup>+0.076</sup><sub>-0.067</sub></td><td>5.11<sup>+0.65</sup><sub>-0.64</sub></td><td>0.569 ± 0.093</td><td>above</td><td>Diamond-Lowe et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>Kepler-138 c</td><td>13.78150<sup>+0.00007</sup><sub>-0.00009</sub></td><td>1.51 ± 0.04</td><td>2.3<sup>+0.6</sup><sub>-0.5</sub></td><td>0.67 ± 0.17</td><td>below</td><td>Piaulet et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>L 168-9 b</td><td>1.40150 ± 0.00018</td><td>1.39 ± 0.09</td><td>4.6 ± 0.56</td><td>1.71 ± 0.39</td><td>below</td><td>Astudillo-Defru et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>L 98-59 c</td><td>3.6904 ± 0.0003</td><td>1.35 ± 0.07</td><td>2.42<sup>+0.35</sup><sub>-0.34</sub></td><td>0.98 ± 0.21</td><td>below</td><td>Cloutier et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>L 98-59 d</td><td>7.4507245<sup>+0.0000081</sup><sub>-0.0000046</sub></td><td>1.521<sup>+0.12</sup><sub>-0.10</sub></td><td>1.94 ± 0.28</td><td>0.55 ± 0.14</td><td>below</td><td>Demangeon et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1140 b</td><td>24.73694<sup>+0.000041</sup><sub>-0.000040</sub></td><td>1.635 ± 0.046</td><td>6.38<sup>+0.46</sup><sub>-0.44</sub></td><td>1.46 ± 0.16</td><td>below</td><td>Lillo-Box et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1140 c</td><td>3.77792 ± 0.00003</td><td>1.169<sup>+0.037</sup><sub>-0.038</sub></td><td>1.76<sup>+0.17</sup><sub>-0.16</sub></td><td>1.10 ± 0.15</td><td>below</td><td>Lillo-Box et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1478 b</td><td>1.9495378<sup>+0.0000040</sup><sub>-0.0000041</sub></td><td>1.242<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.049</sub></td><td>2.33 ± 0.20</td><td>1.22 ± 0.18</td><td>below</td><td>Soto et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>LP 791-18 c</td><td>4.9899093<sup>+0.0000074</sup><sub>-0.0000072</sub></td><td>2.438 ± 0.096</td><td>7.1 ± 0.7</td><td>0.490 ± 0.075</td><td>above</td><td>Peterson et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>LTT 1445 A b</td><td>5.3587657<sup>+0.0000043</sup><sub>-0.0000042</sub></td><td>1.305<sup>+0.066</sup><sub>-0.061</sub></td><td>2.87<sup>+0.26</sup><sub>-0.25</sub></td><td>1.29 ± 0.22</td><td>below</td><td>Winters et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>LTT 1445 A c</td><td>3.1239035<sup>+0.0000034</sup><sub>-0.0000036</sub></td><td>1.147<sup>+0.055</sup><sub>-0.054</sub></td><td>1.54<sup>+0.20</sup><sub>-0.19</sub></td><td>1.02 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Winters et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1075 b</td><td>0.6047328 ± 0.0000032</td><td>1.791<sup>+0.12</sup><sub>-0.08</sub></td><td>9.95<sup>+1.4</sup><sub>-1.3</sub></td><td>1.73 ± 0.37</td><td>below</td><td>Essack et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1201 b</td><td>2.4919863<sup>+0.0000030</sup><sub>-0.0000031</sub></td><td>2.415<sup>+0.091</sup><sub>-0.090</sub></td><td>6.28<sup>+0.84</sup><sub>-0.88</sub></td><td>0.446 ± 0.079</td><td>above</td><td>Kossakowski et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1231 b</td><td>24.245586<sup>+0.000064</sup><sub>-0.000066</sub></td><td>3.65<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.15</sub></td><td>15.4 ± 3.3</td><td>0.317 ± 0.079</td><td>above</td><td>Burt et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1235 b</td><td>3.444717<sup>+0.000040</sup><sub>-0.000042</sub></td><td>1.694<sup>+0.080</sup><sub>-0.077</sub></td><td>5.9<sup>+0.62</sup><sub>-0.61</sub></td><td>1.21 ± 0.21</td><td>below</td><td>Bluhm et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1634 b</td><td>0.9893436 ± 0.0000020</td><td>1.749 ± 0.079</td><td>10.14 ± 0.95</td><td>1.90 ± 0.31</td><td>below</td><td>Hirano et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1695 b</td><td>3.1342791<sup>+0.0000071</sup><sub>-0.0000063</sub></td><td>1.9<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.14</sub></td><td>6.36 ± 1.0</td><td>0.93 ± 0.26</td><td>below</td><td>Cherubim et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-244 b</td><td>7.397225<sup>+0.000023</sup><sub>-0.000026</sub></td><td>1.52 ± 0.12</td><td>2.68 ± 0.3</td><td>0.76 ± 0.20</td><td>below</td><td>Castro-González et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-269 b</td><td>3.6977104 ± 0.0000037</td><td>2.77 ± 0.12</td><td>8.8 ± 1.4</td><td>0.414 ± 0.085</td><td>above</td><td>Cointepas et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 b</td><td>3.3601538 ± 0.0000048</td><td>1.206 ± 0.039</td><td>1.58 ± 0.26</td><td>0.901 ± 0.172</td><td>below</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 c</td><td>5.6605731 ± 0.0000031</td><td>2.355 ± 0.064</td><td>6.15 ± 0.37</td><td>0.471 ± 0.048</td><td>above</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 d</td><td>11.379573 ± 0.000013</td><td>2.133 ± 0.058</td><td>4.78 ± 0.43</td><td>0.493 ± 0.060</td><td>above</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-776 b</td><td>8.24661<sup>+0.00005</sup><sub>-0.00004</sub></td><td>1.85 ± 0.13</td><td>4.0 ± 0.9</td><td>0.63 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 b</td><td>1.510826 ± 0.000006</td><td>1.116<sup>+0.014</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.374 ± 0.069</td><td>0.989 ± 0.060</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 c</td><td>2.421937 ± 0.000018</td><td>1.097<sup>+0.014</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.308 ± 0.056</td><td>0.991 ± 0.055</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 d</td><td>4.049219 ± 0.000026</td><td>0.788<sup>+0.011</sup><sub>-0.010</sub></td><td>0.388 ± 0.012</td><td>0.793 ± 0.040</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 e</td><td>6.101013 ± 0.000035</td><td>0.920<sup>+0.013</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>0.692 ± 0.022</td><td>0.889 ± 0.046</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 f</td><td>9.20754 ± 0.000032</td><td>1.045<sup>+0.013</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.039 ± 0.031</td><td>0.910 ± 0.042</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 g</td><td>12.352446 ± 0.000054</td><td>1.129<sup>+0.015</sup><sub>-0.013</sub></td><td>1.321 ± 0.038</td><td>0.920 ± 0.043</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 h</td><td>18.772866 ± 0.000021</td><td>0.755 ± 0.014</td><td>0.326 ± 0.020</td><td>0.757 ± 0.063</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. $R_p$-location refers to the location of the exoplanets with respect to the radius valley as derived by the SVM algorithm described in Sect. 6.
<table><caption>Table C.4: Main planetary parameters of the Msample.</caption><thead><tr><th>Planet</th><th>P [d]</th><th>R<sub>p</sub> [R<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>M<sub>p</sub> [M<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>ρ<sub>p</sub> [ρ<sub>⊕</sub>]</th><th>R<sub>p</sub>-location</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TOI-732 b</td><td>0.76837931<sup>+0.00000039</sup><sub>-0.00000042</sub></td><td>1.325<sup>+0.057</sup><sub>-0.058</sub></td><td>2.46 ± 0.19</td><td>1.06<sup>+0.18</sup><sub>-0.14</sub></td><td>below</td><td>This work</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-732 c</td><td>12.252284 ± 0.000013</td><td>2.39<sup>+0.10</sup><sub>-0.11</sub></td><td>8.04<sup>+0.50</sup><sub>-0.48</sub></td><td>0.59<sup>+0.10</sup><sub>-0.08</sub></td><td>above</td><td>This work</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1132 b</td><td>1.628931 ± 0.000027</td><td>1.13 ± 0.056</td><td>1.66 ± 0.23</td><td>1.15 ± 0.23</td><td>below</td><td>Bonfils et al. (2018)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1214 b</td><td>1.58040433 ± 0.00000013</td><td>2.74<sup>+0.050</sup><sub>-0.053</sub></td><td>8.17 ± 0.43</td><td>0.396 ± 0.031</td><td>above</td><td>Cloutier et al. (2021a)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 1252 b</td><td>0.51824160 ± 0.00000069</td><td>1.180 ± 0.078</td><td>1.32 ± 0.28</td><td>0.80 ± 0.23</td><td>below</td><td>Crossfield et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 3090 b</td><td>2.853136<sup>+0.000064</sup><sub>-0.000038</sub></td><td>2.13 ± 0.11</td><td>3.34 ± 0.72</td><td>0.346 ± 0.092</td><td>above</td><td>Almenara et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 3473 b</td><td>1.1980035<sup>+0.0000018</sup><sub>-0.0000019</sub></td><td>1.264<sup>+0.050</sup><sub>-0.049</sub></td><td>1.86 ± 0.30</td><td>0.92 ± 0.18</td><td>below</td><td>Kemmer et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 357 b</td><td>3.93072<sup>+0.00008</sup><sub>-0.00006</sub></td><td>1.217<sup>+0.084</sup><sub>-0.083</sub></td><td>1.84 ± 0.31</td><td>1.02 ± 0.27</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 367 b</td><td>0.321962<sup>+0.000010</sup><sub>-0.000012</sub></td><td>0.718 ± 0.054</td><td>0.546 ± 0.078</td><td>1.48 ± 0.39</td><td>below</td><td>Lam et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>GJ 486 b</td><td>1.467119<sup>+0.000031</sup><sub>-0.000030</sub></td><td>1.305<sup>+0.063</sup><sub>-0.067</sub></td><td>2.82<sup>+0.11</sup><sub>-0.12</sub></td><td>1.27 ± 0.20</td><td>below</td><td>Trifonov et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>HD 260655 b</td><td>2.76953 ± 0.00003</td><td>1.24 ± 0.023</td><td>2.14 ± 0.34</td><td>1.12 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>HD 260655 c</td><td>5.70588 ± 0.00007</td><td>1.533<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.046</sub></td><td>3.09 ± 0.48</td><td>0.86 ± 0.16</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-146 b</td><td>2.6698 ± 0.0001</td><td>2.25 ± 0.10</td><td>5.6 ± 0.7</td><td>0.492 ± 0.090</td><td>above</td><td>Lam et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-18 b</td><td>32.940045 ± 0.000010</td><td>2.61 ± 0.087</td><td>8.63 ± 1.35</td><td>0.485 ± 0.090</td><td>above</td><td>Benneke et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-25 b</td><td>3.48456408<sup>+0.00000060</sup><sub>-0.00000050</sub></td><td>3.44 ± 0.12</td><td>24.5<sup>+5.7</sup><sub>-5.2</sub></td><td>0.60 ± 0.15</td><td>above</td><td>Stefansson et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>K2-3 b</td><td>10.05465350<sup>+0.00000088</sup><sub>-0.00000091</sub></td><td>2.078<sup>+0.076</sup><sub>-0.067</sub></td><td>5.11<sup>+0.65</sup><sub>-0.64</sub></td><td>0.569 ± 0.093</td><td>above</td><td>Diamond-Lowe et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>Kepler-138 c</td><td>13.78150<sup>+0.00007</sup><sub>-0.00009</sub></td><td>1.51 ± 0.04</td><td>2.3<sup>+0.6</sup><sub>-0.5</sub></td><td>0.67 ± 0.17</td><td>below</td><td>Piaulet et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>L 168-9 b</td><td>1.40150 ± 0.00018</td><td>1.39 ± 0.09</td><td>4.6 ± 0.56</td><td>1.71 ± 0.39</td><td>below</td><td>Astudillo-Defru et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>L 98-59 c</td><td>3.6904 ± 0.0003</td><td>1.35 ± 0.07</td><td>2.42<sup>+0.35</sup><sub>-0.34</sub></td><td>0.98 ± 0.21</td><td>below</td><td>Cloutier et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><td>L 98-59 d</td><td>7.4507245<sup>+0.0000081</sup><sub>-0.0000046</sub></td><td>1.521<sup>+0.12</sup><sub>-0.10</sub></td><td>1.94 ± 0.28</td><td>0.55 ± 0.14</td><td>below</td><td>Demangeon et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1140 b</td><td>24.73694<sup>+0.000041</sup><sub>-0.000040</sub></td><td>1.635 ± 0.046</td><td>6.38<sup>+0.46</sup><sub>-0.44</sub></td><td>1.46 ± 0.16</td><td>below</td><td>Lillo-Box et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1140 c</td><td>3.77792 ± 0.00003</td><td>1.169<sup>+0.037</sup><sub>-0.038</sub></td><td>1.76<sup>+0.17</sup><sub>-0.16</sub></td><td>1.10 ± 0.15</td><td>below</td><td>Lillo-Box et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>LHS 1478 b</td><td>1.9495378<sup>+0.0000040</sup><sub>-0.0000041</sub></td><td>1.242<sup>+0.051</sup><sub>-0.049</sub></td><td>2.33 ± 0.20</td><td>1.22 ± 0.18</td><td>below</td><td>Soto et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>LP 791-18 c</td><td>4.9899093<sup>+0.0000074</sup><sub>-0.0000072</sub></td><td>2.438 ± 0.096</td><td>7.1 ± 0.7</td><td>0.490 ± 0.075</td><td>above</td><td>Peterson et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>LTT 1445 A b</td><td>5.3587657<sup>+0.0000043</sup><sub>-0.0000042</sub></td><td>1.305<sup>+0.066</sup><sub>-0.061</sub></td><td>2.87<sup>+0.26</sup><sub>-0.25</sub></td><td>1.29 ± 0.22</td><td>below</td><td>Winters et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>LTT 1445 A c</td><td>3.1239035<sup>+0.0000034</sup><sub>-0.0000036</sub></td><td>1.147<sup>+0.055</sup><sub>-0.054</sub></td><td>1.54<sup>+0.20</sup><sub>-0.19</sub></td><td>1.02 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Winters et al. (2022)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1075 b</td><td>0.6047328 ± 0.0000032</td><td>1.791<sup>+0.12</sup><sub>-0.08</sub></td><td>9.95<sup>+1.4</sup><sub>-1.3</sub></td><td>1.73 ± 0.37</td><td>below</td><td>Essack et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1201 b</td><td>2.4919863<sup>+0.0000030</sup><sub>-0.0000031</sub></td><td>2.415<sup>+0.091</sup><sub>-0.090</sub></td><td>6.28<sup>+0.84</sup><sub>-0.88</sub></td><td>0.446 ± 0.079</td><td>above</td><td>Kossakowski et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1231 b</td><td>24.245586<sup>+0.000064</sup><sub>-0.000066</sub></td><td>3.65<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.15</sub></td><td>15.4 ± 3.3</td><td>0.317 ± 0.079</td><td>above</td><td>Burt et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1235 b</td><td>3.444717<sup>+0.000040</sup><sub>-0.000042</sub></td><td>1.694<sup>+0.080</sup><sub>-0.077</sub></td><td>5.9<sup>+0.62</sup><sub>-0.61</sub></td><td>1.21 ± 0.21</td><td>below</td><td>Bluhm et al. (2020)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1634 b</td><td>0.9893436 ± 0.0000020</td><td>1.749 ± 0.079</td><td>10.14 ± 0.95</td><td>1.90 ± 0.31</td><td>below</td><td>Hirano et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-1695 b</td><td>3.1342791<sup>+0.0000071</sup><sub>-0.0000063</sub></td><td>1.9<sup>+0.16</sup><sub>-0.14</sub></td><td>6.36 ± 1.0</td><td>0.93 ± 0.26</td><td>below</td><td>Cherubim et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-244 b</td><td>7.397225<sup>+0.000023</sup><sub>-0.000026</sub></td><td>1.52 ± 0.12</td><td>2.68 ± 0.3</td><td>0.76 ± 0.20</td><td>below</td><td>Castro-González et al. (2023)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-269 b</td><td>3.6977104 ± 0.0000037</td><td>2.77 ± 0.12</td><td>8.8 ± 1.4</td><td>0.414 ± 0.085</td><td>above</td><td>Cointepas et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 b</td><td>3.3601538 ± 0.0000048</td><td>1.206 ± 0.039</td><td>1.58 ± 0.26</td><td>0.901 ± 0.172</td><td>below</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 c</td><td>5.6605731 ± 0.0000031</td><td>2.355 ± 0.064</td><td>6.15 ± 0.37</td><td>0.471 ± 0.048</td><td>above</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-270 d</td><td>11.379573 ± 0.000013</td><td>2.133 ± 0.058</td><td>4.78 ± 0.43</td><td>0.493 ± 0.060</td><td>above</td><td>Van Eylen et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TOI-776 b</td><td>8.24661<sup>+0.00005</sup><sub>-0.00004</sub></td><td>1.85 ± 0.13</td><td>4.0 ± 0.9</td><td>0.63 ± 0.19</td><td>below</td><td>Luque et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 b</td><td>1.510826 ± 0.000006</td><td>1.116<sup>+0.014</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.374 ± 0.069</td><td>0.989 ± 0.060</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 c</td><td>2.421937 ± 0.000018</td><td>1.097<sup>+0.014</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.308 ± 0.056</td><td>0.991 ± 0.055</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 d</td><td>4.049219 ± 0.000026</td><td>0.788<sup>+0.011</sup><sub>-0.010</sub></td><td>0.388 ± 0.012</td><td>0.793 ± 0.040</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 e</td><td>6.101013 ± 0.000035</td><td>0.920<sup>+0.013</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>0.692 ± 0.022</td><td>0.889 ± 0.046</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 f</td><td>9.20754 ± 0.000032</td><td>1.045<sup>+0.013</sup><sub>-0.012</sub></td><td>1.039 ± 0.031</td><td>0.910 ± 0.042</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 g</td><td>12.352446 ± 0.000054</td><td>1.129<sup>+0.015</sup><sub>-0.013</sub></td><td>1.321 ± 0.038</td><td>0.920 ± 0.043</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr><tr><td>TRAPPIST-1 h</td><td>18.772866 ± 0.000021</td><td>0.755 ± 0.014</td><td>0.326 ± 0.020</td><td>0.757 ± 0.063</td><td>below</td><td>Agol et al. (2021)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. $R_p$-location refers to the location of the exoplanets with respect to the radius valley as derived by the SVM algorithm described in Sect. 6.