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124. Huang,P.-J.J. and Liu,J. (2014) Two Pb²⁺-specific DNAzymes with opposite trends in split-site-dependent activity. *Chem. Commun.*, **50**, 4442–4444.

125. Smith,A.L. and Kolpashchikov,D.M. (2017) Divide and control: comparison of split and switch hybridization sensors. *ChemistrySelect*, **2**, 5427–5431.

126. Xie,Y., Niu,F., Yu,A. and Lai,G. (2020) Proximity binding-triggered assembly of two MNAzymes for catalyzed release of G-Quadruplex DNAzymes and an ultrasensitive homogeneous bioassay of platelet-derived growth factor. *Anal. Chem.*, **92**, 593–598.

127. Lu,L.-M., Zhang,X.-B., Kong,R.-M., Yang,B. and Tan,W. (2011) A ligation-triggered DNAzyme cascade for amplified fluorescence

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128. Sheng,A., Su,L., Jalalah,M., Al-Assiri,M.S., Harraz,F.A. and Zhang,J. (2020) Hydrazone chemistry assisted DNAzyme for the analysis of double targets. *Chem. Commun.*, **56**, 695–698.

129. Chen,J., Pan,J. and Chen,S. (2017) A naked-eye colorimetric sensor for Hg²⁺ monitoring with cascade signal amplification based on target-induced conjunction of split DNAzyme fragments. *Chem. Commun.*, **53**, 10224–10227.

130. Kim,H.N., Ren,W.X., Kim,J.S. and Yoon,J. (2012) Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for detection of lead, cadmium, and mercury ions. *Chem. Soc. Rev.*, **41**, 3210–3244.

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132. Travascio,P., Li,Y. and Sen,D. (1998) DNA-enhanced peroxidase activity of a DNA aptamer-hemin complex. *Chem. Biol.*, **5**, 505–517.

133. Deng,M., Zhang,D., Zhou,Y. and Zhou,X. (2008) Highly effective colorimetric and visual detection of nucleic acids using an asymmetrically split Peroxidase DNAzyme. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **130**, 13095–13102.

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139. Zhou,D., Wu,W., Li,Q., Pan,J. and Chen,J. (2019) A label-free and enzyme-free aptasensor for visual Cd²⁺ detection based on split DNAzyme fragments. *Anal. Methods*, **11**, 3546–3551.

140. Zhou,W., Ding,J. and Liu,J. (2017) Splitting a DNAzyme enables a Na⁺-dependent FRET signal from the embedded aptamer. *Org. Biomol. Chem.*, **15**, 6959–6966.

141. Zhou,X.-H., Kong,D.-M. and Shen,H.-X. (2010) Ag⁺ and cysteine quantitation based on G-Quadruplex-Hemin DNAzymes disruption by Ag⁺. *Anal. Chem.*, **82**, 789–793.

142. Xu,J., Lee,E.-S., Gye,M.C. and Kim,Y.-P. (2019) Rapid and sensitive determination of bisphenol A using aptamer and split DNAzyme. *Chemosphere*, **228**, 110–116.

143. Luo,Y., Yu,H., Alkhamis,O., Liu,Y., Lou,X., Yu,B. and Xiao,Y. (2019) Label-free, visual detection of small molecules using highly target-responsive multimodule split aptamer constructs. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 7199–7207.

144. Hou,T., Li,C., Wang,X., Zhao,C. and Li,F. (2013) Label-free colorimetric detection of coralyne utilizing peroxidase-like split G-quadruplex DNAzyme. *Anal. Methods*, **5**, 4671–4674.

145. Cui,X., Li,R., Liu,X., Wang,J., Leng,X., Song,X., Pei,Q., Wang,Y., Liu,S. and Huang,J. (2018) Low-background and visual detection of antibiotic based on target-activated colorimetric split peroxidase DNAzyme coupled with dual nicking enzyme signal amplification. *Anal. Chim. Acta*, **997**, 1–8.

146. Zhang,R., Wang,Y., Qu,X., Li,S., Zhao,Y., Zhang,F., Liu,S., Huang,J. and Yu,J. (2019) A label-free electrochemical platform for antibiotics detection based on cascade enzymatic amplification coupled with split G-quadruplex DNAzyme. *Analyst*, **144**, 4995–5002.

147. Xiao,X., Zhu,L., He,W., Luo,Y. and Xu,W. (2019) Functional nucleic acids tailoring and its application. *Trends Anal. Chem.*, **118**, 138–157.
148. Sun, Y., Yuan, B., Deng, M., Wang, Q., Huang, J., Guo, Q., Liu, J., Yang, X. and Wang, K. (2018) A light-up fluorescence assay for tumor cell detection based on bifunctional split aptamers. *Analyst*, **143**, 3579-3585.

149. Yuan, B., Zhou, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, K., Yang, X., Meng, X., Wan, J., Tan, Y., Huang, Z., Xie, Q. et al. (2016) A signal-on split aptasensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor cells based on FRET. *Chem. Commun.*, **52**, 1590-1593.

150. Lei, Y., Tang, J., Shi, H., Ye, X., He, X., Xu, F., Yan, L., Qiao, Z. and Wang, K. (2016) Nature-Inspired smart DNA Nanodoctor for activatable in vivo cancer imaging and in situ drug release based on recognition-triggered assembly of split aptamer. *Anal. Chem.*, **88**, 11699-11706.

151. Kikuchi, N., Reed, A., Gerasimova, Y. V. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2019) Split Dapoxyl aptamer for sequence-selective analysis of nucleic acid sequence based amplification amplicons. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 2667-2671.

152. Fatin, M. F., Rahim Ruslinda, A., Gopinath, S. C. B. and Arshad, M. K. Md. (2019) High-performance interactive analysis of split aptamer and HIV-1 Tat on multiwall carbon nanotube-modified field-effect transistor. *Int. J. Biol. Macromol.*, **125**, 414-422.

153. Belal, A. S. F., Ismail, A., Elnaggar, M. M. and Belal, T. S. (2018) Click chemistry inspired copper sulphide nanoparticle-based fluorescence assay of kanamycin using DNA aptamer. *Spectrochim. Acta A*, **205**, 48-54.

154. Li, X.-H., Sun, W.-M., Wu, J., Gao, Y., Chen, J.-H., Chen, M. and Ou, Q.-S. (2018) An ultra sensitive fluorescence aptasensor for carcino-embryonic antigen detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from upconversion phosphors to Au nanoparticles. *Anal. Methods*, **10**, 1552-1559.

155. Zhang, K., Lv, S., Lu, M. and Tang, D. (2018) Photoelectrochemical biosensing of disease marker on p-type Cu-doped Zn0.3Cd0.7S based on RCA and exonuclease III amplification. *Biosens. Bioelectron.*, **117**, 590-596.

156. Chen, X., Lan, J., Liu, Y., Li, L., Yan, L., Xia, Y., Wu, F., Li, C., Li, S. and Chen, J. (2018) A paper-supported aptasensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the accessible determination of exosomes. *Biosens. Bioelectron.*, **102**, 582-588.

157. Liu, X., Li, X., Lu, Y., Cao, J. and Li, F. (2018) A split aptamer-based imaging solution for the visualization of latent fingerprints. *Anal. Methods*, **10**, 2281-2286.

158. Alila, K. O. and Baum, D. A. (2011) Modulation of an RNA-branching deoxyribozyme by a small molecule. *Chem. Commun.*, **47**, 3227-3229.

159. Huang, J., He, Y., Yang, X., Wang, K., Quan, K. and Lin, X. (2014) Split aptazyme-based catalytic molecular beacons for amplified detection of adenosine. *Analyst*, **139**, 2994-2997.

160. Liu, J. and Lu, Y. (2004) Adenosine-dependent assembly of aptazyme-functionalized gold nanoparticles and its application as a colorimetric biosensor. *Anal. Chem.*, **76**, 1627-1632.

161. Ausländer, S., Fuchs, D., Hürlemann, S., Ausländer, D. and Fussenegger, M. (2016) Engineering a ribozyme cleavage-induced split fluorescent aptamer complementation assay. *Nucleic Acids Res.*, **44**, e94.

162. Li, J., He, G., Wang, B., Shi, L., Gao, T. and Li, G. (2018) Fabrication of reusable electrochemical biosensor and its application for the assay of α-glucosidase activity. *Anal. Chim. Acta*, **1026**, 140-146.

163. Liu, H., Yang, J., Li, Z., Xiao, L., Aryee, A. A., Sun, Y., Yang, R., Meng, H., Qu, L., Lin, Y. et al. (2019) Hydrogen-bond-induced emission of carbon dots for wash-free nucleus imaging. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 9259-9265.

164. Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Saiga, Y. (1962) Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, aequorea. *J. Cell. Comp. Physiol.*, **59**, 223-239.

165. Meech, S. R. (2009) Excited state reactions in fluorescent proteins. *Chem. Soc. Rev.*, **38**, 2922-2934.

166. Grate, D. and Wilson, C. (1999) Laser-mediated, site-specific inactivation of RNA transcripts. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.*, **96**, 6131-6136.

167. Kraus, G., Jeon, I., Nilsen-Hamilton, M., Awad, A., Banerjee, J. and Parvin, B. (2008) Fluorinated analogs of malachite green: synthesis and toxicity. *Molecules*, **13**, 986-994.

168. Constantin, T. P., Silva, G. L., Robertson, K. L., Hamilton, T. P., Fague, K., Waggoner, A. S. and Armitage, B. A. (2008) Synthesis of new fluorogenic cyanine dyes and incorporation into RNA fluoromodules. *Org. Lett.*, **10**, 1561-1564.

169. Sando, S., Narita, A. and Aoyama, Y. (2007) Light-up Hoechst-DNA aptamer pair: generation of an aptamer-selective fluorophore from a conventional DNA-Staining dye. *ChemBioChem*, **8**, 1795-1803.

170. Sando, S., Narita, A., Hayami, M. and Aoyama, Y. (2008) Transcription monitoring using fused RNA with a dye-binding light-up aptamer as a tag: a blue fluorescent RNA. *Chem. Commun.*, 3858-3860, doi:10.1039/b808449a.

171. Dolgosheina, E. V., Jeng, S. C. Y., Panchapokesan, S. S. S., Cojocaru, R., Chen, P. S. K., Wilson, P. D., Hawkins, N., Higgins, P. A. and Unrau, P. J. (2014) RNA mango aptamer-fluorophore: a bright, high-affinity complex for RNA labeling and tracking. *ACS Chem. Biol.*, **9**, 2412-2420.

172. Sheng, L., Lu, Y., Deng, S., Liao, X., Zhang, K., Ding, T., Gao, H., Liu, D., Deng, R. and Li, J. (2019) A transcription aptasensor: amplified, label-free and culture-independent detection of foodborne pathogens *via* light-up RNA aptamers. *Chem. Commun.*, **55**, 10096-10099.

173. Stojanovic, M. N. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2004) Modular aptameric sensors. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **126**, 9266-9270.

174. Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2005) Binary malachite green aptamer for fluorescent detection of nucleic acids. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **127**, 12442-12443.

175. Paige, J. S., Wu, K. Y. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2011) RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. *Science*, **333**, 642-646.

176. Warner, K. D., Chen, M. C., Song, W., Strack, R. L., Thorn, A., Jaffrey, S. R. and Ferré-D'Amaré, A. R. (2014) Structural basis for activity of highly efficient RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. *Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.*, **21**, 658-663.

177. Strack, R. L., Disney, M. D. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) A superfolding Spinach2 reveals the dynamic nature of trinucleotide repeat-containing RNA. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 1219-1224.

178. Paige, J. S., Nguyen-Duc, T., Song, W. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2012) Fluorescence imaging of cellular metabolites with RNA. *Science*, **335**, 1194-1194.

179. Bhadra, S. and Ellington, A. D. (2014) A Spinach molecular beacon triggered by strand displacement. *RNA*, **20**, 1183-1194.

180. Song, W., Strack, R. L. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) Imaging bacterial protein expression using genetically encoded RNA sensors. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 873-875.

181. Pothoulakis, G., Ceroni, F., Reeve, B. and Ellis, T. (2014) The spinach RNA aptamer as a characterization tool for synthetic biology. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **3**, 182-187.

182. Rogers, T. A., Andrews, G. E., Jaeger, L. and Grabow, W. W. (2015) Fluorescent monitoring of RNA assembly and processing using the split-spinach aptamer. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **4**, 162-166.

183. Kikuchi, N. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2017) A universal split spinach aptamer (USSA) for nucleic acid analysis and DNA computation. *Chem. Commun.*, **53**, 4977-4980.

184. Wang, Z., Luo, Y., Xie, X., Hu, X., Song, H., Zhao, Y., Shi, J., Wang, L., Glinsky, G., Chen, N. et al. (2018) In situ spatial complementation of aptamer-mediated recognition enables live-cell imaging of native RNA transcripts in real time. *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.*, **57**, 972-976.

185. Bertucci, A., Porchetta, A. and Ricci, F. (2018) Antibody-templated assembly of an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein. *Anal. Chem.*, **90**, 1049-1053.

186. Strack, R. L., Disney, M. D. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) A superfolding Spinach2 reveals the dynamic nature of trinucleotide repeat-containing RNA. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 1219-1224.

187. Filonov, G. S., Moon, J. D., Svensen, N. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2014) Broccoli: rapid selection of an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein by fluorescence-based selection and directed evolution. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **136**, 16299-16308.

188. Halman, J. R., Satterwhite, E., Roark, B., Chandler, M., Viard, M., Ivanina, A., Bindewald, E., Kasprzak, W. K., Panigaj, M., Bui, M. N. et al. (2017) Functionally-interdependent shape-switching nanoparticles with controllable properties. *Nucleic Acids Res.*, **45**, 2210-2220.
148. Sun, Y., Yuan, B., Deng, M., Wang, Q., Huang, J., Guo, Q., Liu, J., Yang, X. and Wang, K. (2018) A light-up fluorescence assay for tumor cell detection based on bifunctional split aptamers. *Analyst*, **143**, 3579–3585.

149. Yuan, B., Zhou, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, K., Yang, X., Meng, X., Wan, J., Tan, Y., Huang, Z., Xie, Q. et al. (2016) A signal-on split aptasensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor cells based on FRET. *Chem. Commun.*, **52**, 1590–1593.

150. Lei, Y., Tang, J., Shi, H., Ye, X., He, X., Xu, F., Yan, L., Qiao, Z. and Wang, K. (2016) Nature-Inspired smart DNA Nanodoctor for activatable in vivo cancer imaging and in situ drug release based on recognition-triggered assembly of split aptamer. *Anal. Chem.*, **88**, 11699–11706.

151. Kikuchi, N., Reed, A., Gerasimova, Y. V. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2019) Split Dapoxyl aptamer for sequence-selective analysis of nucleic acid sequence based amplification amplicons. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 2667–2671.

152. Fatin, M. F., Rahim Ruslinda, A., Gopinath, S. C. B. and Arshad, M. K. Md. (2019) High-performance interactive analysis of split aptamer and HIV-1 Tat on multiwall carbon nanotube-modified field-effect transistor. *Int. J. Biol. Macromol.*, **125**, 414–422.

153. Belal, A. S. F., Ismail, A., Elnaggar, M. M. and Belal, T. S. (2018) Click chemistry inspired copper sulphide nanoparticle-based fluorescence assay of kanamycin using DNA aptamer. *Spectrochim. Acta A*, **205**, 48–54.

154. Li, X.-H., Sun, W.-M., Wu, J., Gao, Y., Chen, J.-H., Chen, M. and Ou, Q.-S. (2018) An ultra sensitive fluorescence aptasensor for carcino-embryonic antigen detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from upconversion phosphors to Au nanoparticles. *Anal. Methods*, **10**, 1552–1559.

155. Zhang, K., Lv, S., Lu, M. and Tang, D. (2018) Photoelectrochemical biosensing of disease marker on p-type Cu-doped Zn0.3Cd0.7S based on RCA and exonuclease III amplification. *Biosens. Bioelectron.*, **117**, 590–596.

156. Chen, X., Lan, J., Liu, Y., Li, L., Yan, L., Xia, Y., Wu, F., Li, C., Li, S. and Chen, J. (2018) A paper-supported aptasensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the accessible determination of exosomes. *Biosens. Bioelectron.*, **102**, 582–588.

157. Liu, X., Li, X., Lu, Y., Cao, J. and Li, F. (2018) A split aptamer-based imaging solution for the visualization of latent fingerprints. *Anal. Methods*, **10**, 2281–2286.

158. Alila, K. O. and Baum, D. A. (2011) Modulation of an RNA-branching deoxyribozyme by a small molecule. *Chem. Commun.*, **47**, 3227–3229.

159. Huang, J., He, Y., Yang, X., Wang, K., Quan, K. and Lin, X. (2014) Split aptazyme-based catalytic molecular beacons for amplified detection of adenosine. *Analyst*, **139**, 2994–2997.

160. Liu, J. and Lu, Y. (2004) Adenosine-dependent assembly of aptazyme-functionalized gold nanoparticles and its application as a colorimetric biosensor. *Anal. Chem.*, **76**, 1627–1632.

161. Ausländer, S., Fuchs, D., Hürlemann, S., Ausländer, D. and Fussenegger, M. (2016) Engineering a ribozyme cleavage-induced split fluorescent aptamer complementation assay. *Nucleic Acids Res.*, **44**, e94.

162. Li, J., He, G., Wang, B., Shi, L., Gao, T. and Li, G. (2018) Fabrication of reusable electrochemical biosensor and its application for the assay of α-glucosidase activity. *Anal. Chim. Acta*, **1026**, 140–146.

163. Liu, H., Yang, J., Li, Z., Xiao, L., Aryee, A. A., Sun, Y., Yang, R., Meng, H., Qu, L., Lin, Y. et al. (2019) Hydrogen-bond-induced emission of carbon dots for wash-free nucleus imaging. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 9259–9265.

164. Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Saiga, Y. (1962) Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, aequorea. *J. Cell. Comp. Physiol.*, **59**, 223–239.

165. Meech, S. R. (2009) Excited state reactions in fluorescent proteins. *Chem. Soc. Rev.*, **38**, 2922–2934.

166. Grate, D. and Wilson, C. (1999) Laser-mediated, site-specific inactivation of RNA transcripts. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.*, **96**, 6131–6136.

167. Kraus, G., Jeon, I., Nilsen-Hamilton, M., Awad, A., Banerjee, J. and Parvin, B. (2008) Fluorinated analogs of malachite green: synthesis and toxicity. *Molecules*, **13**, 986–994.

168. Constantin, T. P., Silva, G. L., Robertson, K. L., Hamilton, T. P., Fague, K., Waggoner, A. S. and Armitage, B. A. (2008) Synthesis of new fluorogenic cyanine dyes and incorporation into RNA fluoromodules. *Org. Lett.*, **10**, 1561–1564.

169. Sando, S., Narita, A. and Aoyama, Y. (2007) Light-up Hoechst–DNA aptamer pair: generation of an aptamer-selective fluorophore from a conventional DNA-Staining dye. *ChemBioChem*, **8**, 1795–1803.

170. Sando, S., Narita, A., Hayami, M. and Aoyama, Y. (2008) Transcription monitoring using fused RNA with a dye-binding light-up aptamer as a tag: a blue fluorescent RNA. *Chem. Commun.*, 3858–3860, doi:10.1039/b808449a.

171. Dolgosheina, E. V., Jeng, S. C. Y., Panchapokesan, S. S. S., Cojocaru, R., Chen, P. S. K., Wilson, P. D., Hawkins, N., Higgins, P. A. and Unrau, P. J. (2014) RNA mango aptamer-fluorophore: a bright, high-affinity complex for RNA labeling and tracking. *ACS Chem. Biol.*, **9**, 2412–2420.

172. Sheng, L., Lu, Y., Deng, S., Liao, X., Zhang, K., Ding, T., Gao, H., Liu, D., Deng, R. and Li, J. (2019) A transcription aptasensor: amplified, label-free and culture-independent detection of foodborne pathogens *via* light-up RNA aptamers. *Chem. Commun.*, **55**, 10096–10099.

173. Stojanovic, M. N. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2004) Modular aptameric sensors. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **126**, 9266–9270.

174. Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2005) Binary malachite green aptamer for fluorescent detection of nucleic acids. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **127**, 12442–12443.

175. Paige, J. S., Wu, K. Y. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2011) RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. *Science*, **333**, 642–646.

176. Warner, K. D., Chen, M. C., Song, W., Strack, R. L., Thorn, A., Jaffrey, S. R. and Ferré-D'Amaré, A. R. (2014) Structural basis for activity of highly efficient RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. *Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.*, **21**, 658–663.

177. Strack, R. L., Disney, M. D. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) A superfolding Spinach2 reveals the dynamic nature of trinucleotide repeat–containing RNA. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 1219–1224.

178. Paige, J. S., Nguyen-Duc, T., Song, W. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2012) Fluorescence imaging of cellular metabolites with RNA. *Science*, **335**, 1194–1194.

179. Bhadra, S. and Ellington, A. D. (2014) A Spinach molecular beacon triggered by strand displacement. *RNA*, **20**, 1183–1194.

180. Song, W., Strack, R. L. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) Imaging bacterial protein expression using genetically encoded RNA sensors. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 873–875.

181. Pothoulakis, G., Ceroni, F., Reeve, B. and Ellis, T. (2014) The spinach RNA aptamer as a characterization tool for synthetic biology. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **3**, 182–187.

182. Rogers, T. A., Andrews, G. E., Jaeger, L. and Grabow, W. W. (2015) Fluorescent monitoring of RNA assembly and processing using the split-spinach aptamer. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **4**, 162–166.

183. Kikuchi, N. and Kolpashchikov, D. M. (2017) A universal split spinach aptamer (USSA) for nucleic acid analysis and DNA computation. *Chem. Commun.*, **53**, 4977–4980.

184. Wang, Z., Luo, Y., Xie, X., Hu, X., Song, H., Zhao, Y., Shi, J., Wang, L., Glinsky, G., Chen, N. et al. (2018) In situ spatial complementation of aptamer-mediated recognition enables live-cell imaging of native RNA transcripts in real time. *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.*, **57**, 972–976.

185. Bertucci, A., Porchetta, A. and Ricci, F. (2018) Antibody-templated assembly of an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein. *Anal. Chem.*, **90**, 1049–1053.

186. Strack, R. L., Disney, M. D. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2013) A superfolding Spinach2 reveals the dynamic nature of trinucleotide repeat–containing RNA. *Nat. Methods*, **10**, 1219–1224.

187. Filonov, G. S., Moon, J. D., Svensen, N. and Jaffrey, S. R. (2014) Broccoli: rapid selection of an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein by fluorescence-based selection and directed evolution. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **136**, 16299–16308.

188. Halman, J. R., Satterwhite, E., Roark, B., Chandler, M., Viard, M., Ivanina, A., Bindewald, E., Kasprzak, W. K., Panigaj, M., Bui, M. N. et al. (2017) Functionally-interdependent shape-switching nanoparticles with controllable properties. *Nucleic Acids Res.*, **45**, 2210–2220.
189. Chandler, M., Lyalina, T., Halman, J., Rackley, L., Lee, L., Dang, D., Ke, W., Sajja, S., Woods, S., Acharya, S. et al. (2018) Broccoli fluorets: split aptamers as a user-friendly fluorescent toolkit for dynamic RNA Nanotechnology. *Molecules*, **23**, 3178.

190. Alam, K.K., Tawiah, K.D., Lichte, M.F., Porciani, D. and Burke, D.H. (2017) A fluorescent split aptamer for visualizing RNA-RNA assembly in vivo. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **6**, 1710–1721.

191. Torelli, E., Kozyra, J.W., Gu, J.-Y., Stimming, U., Piantanida, L., Voïtchovsky, K. and Krasnogor, N. (2018) Isothermal folding of a light-up bio-orthogonal RNA origami nanoribbon. *Sci. Rep.*, **8**, 6989.

192. Karunanayake Mudiyanselage, A.P.K.K., Yu, Q., Leon-Duque, M.A., Zhao, B., Wu, R. and You, M. (2018) Genetically encoded catalytic hairpin assembly for sensitive RNA imaging in live cells. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **140**, 8739–8745.

193. Toran, P., Smolina, I., Driscoll, H., Ding, F., Sun, Y., Cantor, C.R. and Broude, N.E. (2014) Labeling native bacterial RNA in live cells. *Cell Res.*, **24**, 894–897.

194. Ma, X., Guo, Z., Mao, Z., Tang, Y. and Miao, P. (2018) Colorimetric theophylline aggregation assay using an RNA aptamer and non-crosslinking gold nanoparticles. *Microchim. Acta*, **185**, 33.

195. Müller, S., Appel, B., Balke, D., Hieronymus, R. and Nübel, C. (2016) Thirty-five years of research into ribozymes and nucleic acid catalysis: where do we stand today? [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. *F1000Research*, **5**, 1511.

196. Hampel, A. and Tritz, R. (1989) RNA catalytic properties of the minimum (-)sTRSV sequence. *Biochemistry*, **28**, 4929–4933.

197. Welz, R., Schmidt, C. and Müller, S. (2001) Spermine supports catalysis of hairpin ribozyme variants to differing extents. *Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.*, **283**, 648–654.

198. Sullenger, B.A. and Cech, T.R. (1994) Ribozyme-mediated repair of defective mRNA by targeted trans-splicing. *Nature*, **371**, 619–622.

199. Hasegawa, S., Gowrishankar, G. and Rao, J. (2006) Detection of mRNA in mammalian cells with a split ribozyme reporter. *ChemBioChem*, **7**, 925–928.

200. Gao, W., Xing, B., Tsien, R.Y. and Rao, J. (2003) Novel Fluorogenic substrates for imaging β-lactamase gene expression. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **125**, 11146–11147.

201. Wang, R., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Shi, H., Nguyen, K.T. and Zhou, X. (2019) Unconventional split aptamers cleaved at functionally essential sites preserve biorecognition capability. *Anal. Chem.*, **91**, 15811–15817.

202. Li, Q., Wang, Y.-D., Shen, G.-L., Tang, H., Yu, R.-Q. and Jiang, J.-H. (2015) Split aptamer mediated endonuclease amplification for small-molecule detection. *Chem. Commun.*, **51**, 4196–4199.

203. He, J.-L., Wu, Z.-S., Zhou, H., Wang, H.-Q., Jiang, J.-H., Shen, G.-L. and Yu, R.-Q. (2010) Fluorescence aptameric sensor for strand displacement amplification detection of cocaine. *Anal. Chem.*, **82**, 1358–1364.
189. Chandler, M., Lyalina, T., Halman, J., Rackley, L., Lee, L., Dang, D., Ke, W., Sajja, S., Woods, S., Acharya, S. et al. (2018) Broccoli fluorets: split aptamers as a user-friendly fluorescent toolkit for dynamic RNA Nanotechnology. *Molecules*, **23**, 3178.

190. Alam, K.K., Tawiah, K.D., Lichte, M.F., Porciani, D. and Burke, D.H. (2017) A fluorescent split aptamer for visualizing RNA-RNA assembly in vivo. *ACS Synth. Biol.*, **6**, 1710–1721.

191. Torelli, E., Kozyra, J.W., Gu, J.-Y., Stimming, U., Piantanida, L., Voïtchovsky, K. and Krasnogor, N. (2018) Isothermal folding of a light-up bio-orthogonal RNA origami nanoribbon. *Sci. Rep.*, **8**, 6989.

192. Karunanayake Mudiyanselage, A.P.K.K., Yu, Q., Leon-Duque, M.A., Zhao, B., Wu, R. and You, M. (2018) Genetically encoded catalytic hairpin assembly for sensitive RNA imaging in live cells. *J. Am. Chem. Soc.*, **140**, 8739–8745.

193. Toran, P., Smolina, I., Driscoll, H., Ding, F., Sun, Y., Cantor, C.R. and Broude, N.E. (2014) Labeling native bacterial RNA in live cells. *Cell Res.*, **24**, 894–897.

194. Ma, X., Guo, Z., Mao, Z., Tang, Y. and Miao, P. (2018) Colorimetric theophylline aggregation assay using an RNA aptamer and non-crosslinking gold nanoparticles. *Microchim. Acta*, **185**, 33.

195. Müller, S., Appel, B., Balke, D., Hieronymus, R. and Nübel, C. (2016) Thirty-five years of research into ribozymes and nucleic acid catalysis: where do we stand today? [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. *F1000Research*, **5**, 1511.

196. Hampel, A. and Tritz, R. (1989) RNA catalytic properties of the minimum (-)sTRSV sequence. *Biochemistry*, **28**, 4929–4933.

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