# Potential C storage through the recycling of organic residues: experimental evidence and potential efficiency at the french national scale

Sabine Houot, Camille Resseguier, Aurélia Michaud, Florent Levavasseur, Alexandra Albuquerque Monteiro, Maelenn Poitrenaud, Thierry Morvan, Laure Bamière, Julie Constantin, Camille Launay, et al.

► To cite this version:

Sabine Houot, Camille Resseguier, Aurélia Michaud, Florent Levavasseur, Alexandra Albuquerque Monteiro, et al. Potential C storage through the recycling of organic residues: experimental evidence and potential efficiency at the french national scale. Food security and climate change: 4 per 1000 initiative new tangible global challenges for the soil, Jun 2019, Poitiers, France. hal-02788895

HAL Id: hal-02788895

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02788895

Submitted on 5 Jun 2020

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

# POTENTIAL C STORAGE THROUGH THE RECYCLING OF ORGANIC RESIDUES: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE AND POTENTIAL EFFICIENCY AT THE FRENCH NATIONAL SCALE

Sabine Houot¹, C. Resseguier¹, A. Michaud¹, F. Levavasseur¹, M. Albuquerque², M. Poitrenaud², Thierry Morvan³, Laure Bamiere⁴, Julie Constantin⁵, Camille Launay⁵, Michele Schiavo⁶, Olivier Rechauchere⁶, Sylvain Pellerin⁷

(1) INRA ECOSYS Grignon, (2) VEOLIA, (3) INRA SAS Quimper, (4) INRA ECOPUB Grignon, (5) INRA AGIR Toulouse, (6) INRA DEPE Paris, (7) INRA ISPA Bordeaux

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

VEOLIA
# Organic residue recycling in agriculture

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

- 94% animal manures

- 6% Urban and industrial

→ 121 10⁶ tons FM

→ 12 10⁶ tons of organic C

(Survey of agricultural practices, 2011
in Houot et al, 2014)

* Potential resource increase ?

* Increase of urban organic residue recycling

→ organic C and nutrient recycling

→ Part of circular economy

→ What is the potential C storage in soils?

* Other crop and practice efficiencies for C storage → Pellerin et al.
Evidence of the
potential
efficiency

Network of long-term
field experiments

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

http://www6.inra.fr/valor-pro

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

AnaEE

France

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

cirad

LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE
POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

VEOLIA

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

SCIENCE-PRO

Detailed observation sites, instrumented

Historical sites, few / not instrumented

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT
# Evidence of C storage with regular organic residue application: QualiAgro site

* France, Ile de France, started in 1998

* Loamy soil, temperate climate, Wheat- Maize succession

* OR Application: Every 2 years, 4 t C/ha → Twice usual application rates

## Treatments:

Composted sludge (DVB)

Biowaste compost (BIO)

Municipal solid waste compost (OMR)

Farmyard manure (FUM)

Control (CN)

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

## Evolution of C stocks:
+1.5 to 2.5% /year

Levavasseur et al., in preparation
# Parameterisation of the STICS crop model

Stics

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

(Brisson et al., 2008)

* Organic residue decomposition

* Good simulation of crop production, **evolution of soil organic C stocks** ....

* Long-term experiments (QualiAgro) or laboratory incubations

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

observed
simulated - standard version
simulated - modified version

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>
Simulations with STICS model

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

(Pellerin et al.)

* Crop succession with organic residues (sugarbeet, rapeseed, wheat, maize)

* Slurry: 30 m³/ha; manure: 15 to 30 tons/ha....

* 5 10⁶ ha: 29% total agricultural surface

* Baseline: + 8 kgC/ha year in crop successions with OR compared to successions without OR

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>
# Actual and potential additional sources of organic residues (1)

## Different sources of data:

* **Manures** : Marsac et al., 2018: ELBA, evaluation of agricultural biomass and survey of farmer practices

* **Industrial Residues, collected greenwastes (GW), Sewage sludges (SS), biowastes (BIOW)**: SOLAGRO & INDDIGO, 2013. Potential biomass for anaerobic digestion (ADEME)

* **Total greenwastes**: SOLAGRO, 2014. Potential greenwastes (France Agrimer)

* **Already recycled sewage sludges and biowastes** : ADEME 2017

Data in $10^6$ tons of fresh matters

<table><thead><tr><th>Total manures</th><th>Industrial residues</th><th>Total GW</th><th>Collected GW (9 % of total)</th><th>total SS (20% MS)</th><th>Recycled SS (70% total)</th><th>Total BIOW</th><th>Collected BIOW (10% total)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>120.3</td><td>16.2</td><td>52.1</td><td>4.8</td><td>5.9</td><td>4.1</td><td>11.6</td><td>1.0</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>
# Actual and potential additional sources of organic residues (2)

Objective → Produce more composts and digestates

Data in 10⁶ tons of fresh matters

<table><thead><tr><th>Total manures</th><th>Industrial residues</th><th>Collected GW</th><th>Total GW (9% total)</th><th>total SS (20% MS)</th><th>Recycled SS (70% total)</th><th>Collected BIOW (10% total)</th><th>Total BIOW</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>120.3</td><td>16.2</td><td>4.8</td><td>52.1</td><td>5.9</td><td>4.1</td><td>1.0</td><td>11.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Already recycled</td><td colspan="4">Increase of GW collection to 35%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"></td><td colspan="4">Increase SS composting to 70% (30% today)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"></td><td colspan="4">Increase BIOW separate collection to 50% of potential: 50% anaerobic digestion and 50% composting</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /></figure>
# Actual and potential additional sources of organic residues (3)

## Potential additional production of composts and digestates

<table><thead><tr><th>(10<sup>6</sup> tons)</th><th>Today</th><th>Additionnal</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>GW composts</td><td>1</td><td>1.9</td></tr><tr><td>BIOW composts</td><td>1.2</td><td>2.9</td></tr><tr><td>SS composts</td><td>2</td><td>4.8</td></tr><tr><td>BIOW digestates</td><td></td><td>4.3</td></tr><tr><td>Total FM</td><td>4.2</td><td>13.9</td></tr><tr><td><span style="color:red;">Total C associated</span></td><td><span style="color:red;">0.6</span></td><td><span style="color:red;">1.6</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

Today, 12 10⁶ tons of C, mostly in manures → Additional 1.6 10⁶ tons of C

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>
# Additionnal C storage (kg/ha/year) with the new sources of organic residues (0-30 cm)

* Crop successions without organic residues

* Composts: 15 t FM/ha; Digestates: 25 m³/ha, every 2.5 years

Stis

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

## C stocks in soils

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

■ [-500,-300]

■ [-300,-100]

■ [-100,-50]

■ [-50,-20.73)

■ [-20.73,0)

□ [0,50)

□ [50,100)

□ [100,300)

□ [300,500)

■ [500,710.51]

□ pas de modification de la ligne de base

■ pas de simulation

Additionnal 4.2 10⁶ha
→ + 25% of total
agricultural surface

## Average C storage
245 kg C/ha/year
## Additionnal relative C storage (‰/ha/year) with the new sources of organic residues (0-30 cm)

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

Average relative C storage
4.5‰/ha/year

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>
But....

* GW used to produce the additionnal composts already largely returned to soils

* Additionnal C only coming from sludge or biowaste was calculated → average of 26% of additionnal C storage

* 0.243→ 0.059 tC/ha/year

* 4.5 ‰/ha/year → 1.1 ‰/ha/year

Total additionnal C storage

<table><thead><tr><td></td><td>Additional C</td><td>Surface</td><td>additionnal stored C</td><td>% of total*</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Without GW</td><td>0.059 tC/ha/year</td><td>4.2 10<sup>6</sup> ha</td><td>0.257 10<sup>6</sup> t C/year</td><td>4.4 %</td></tr><tr><td>Including GW</td><td>0.243 tC/ha/year</td><td>4.2 10<sup>6</sup> ha</td><td>1.023 10<sup>6</sup> t C/year</td><td>15.6 %</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>* Total= 5.78 10⁶ t C/year. Cover crops > agroforestry > longer meadows > direct sowing and **new organic ressources** (Pellerin et al., 2019)</footnote>
## Take home message

* Additionnal sources of organic residues: composts and digestates → 1.6 10⁶ tons of C per year

* Much lower than animal manures (12 10⁶ tons of C per year) but necessary to recycle and interesting where animal breeding is lacking

* Additionnal storage : 0.3 → 1.0 10⁶ tons of C/year stored depending if GW are included or not (4 à 15% of total potential additionnal C storage considering different practices)

* Associated increase of crop yields but also of N leaching

* One of the cheapest practices for farmers to increase C stocks in soils

* Global mass balance of GHG has to be considered to calculate climate change mitigation (OK at field scale, impact of process?)

* Safe use of these new organic sources must be guaranteed

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>