Moreno-Jiménez, E., Orgiazzi, A., Jones, A., Saiz, H., Aceña-Heras, S., & Plaza, C. (2022). Aridity and geo-chemical drivers of soil micronutrient and contaminant availability in European drylands. *European Journal of Soil Science*, 73(1), e13163.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13163

Morgan, C., & McBratney, A. (2020). Editorial: Widening the disciplinary study of soil. *Soil Security*, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2020.100003

Morvan, X., Saby, N. P. A., Arrouays, D., Le Bas, C., Jones, R. J. A., Verheijen, F. G. A., Bellamy, P. H., Stephens, M., & Kibblewhite, M. G. (2008). Soil monitoring in Europe: A review of existing systems and requirements for harmonisation. *Science of the Total Environment*, 391(1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.046

Moxey, A., & Moran, D. (2014). UK peatland restoration: Some economic arithmetic. *Science of the Total Environment*, 484(1), 114-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.033

Mukhopadhyay, R., Sarkar, B., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., & Bolan, N. S. (2021). Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. *Journal of Environmental Management*, 280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736

Mullan, D., Favis-Mortlock, D., & Fealy, R. (2012). Addressing key limitations associated with modelling soil erosion under the impacts of future climate change. *Agricultural and Forest Meteorology*, 156, 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.004

Munafò, M. (2023). *Consumo di suolo, dinamiche territoriali e servizi ecosistemici*. Report SNPA 37/23 (2023rd ed.). https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/archivio/eventi/2023/10/presentazione-rapporto-201cconsumo-di-suolo-dinamiche-territoriali-e-servizi-ecosistemici201d

Muntwyler, A., Panagos, P., Pfister, S., & Lugato, E. (2024). Assessing the phosphorus cycle in European agricultural soils: Looking beyond current national phosphorus budgets. *Science of the Total Environment*, 906, 167143.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167143

Navrátil, T., Kurz, D., Krám, P., Hofmeister, J., & Hruška, J. (2007). Acidification and recovery of soil at a heavily impacted forest catchment (Lysina, Czech Republic)-SAFE modeling and field results. *Ecological Modelling*, 205(3-4), 464-474.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.008

Nawaz, M. F., Bourrié, G., & Trolard, F. (2013). Soil compaction impact and modelling. A review. *Agronomy for Sustainable Development*, 33(2), 291-309.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0071-8

Neary, D. G. (2009). Post-wildland fire desertification: Can rehabilitation treatments make a difference? *Fire Ecology*, 5(1), 129-144.
https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0501129

Nelson, K., Thompson, D., Hopkinson, C., Petrone, R., & Chasmer, L. (2021). Peatland-fire interactions: A review of wildland fire feedbacks and interactions in Canadian boreal peatlands. *Science of the Total Environment*, 769, 145212.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145212

Nicolau, R., & Condessa, B. (2022). Monitoring Net Land Take: Is Mainland Portugal on Track to Meet the 2050 Target? *Land*, 11(7).
https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071005

Nielsen, U. N., Wall, D. H., & Six, J. (2015). Soil Biodiversity and the Environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 40, 63-90.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021257

Nieminen, M., Palviainen, M., Sarkkola, S., Laurén, A., Marttila, H., & Finér, L. (2018). A synthesis of the impacts of ditch network maintenance on the quantity and quality of runoff from drained boreal peatland forests. *Ambio*, 47(5), 523-534.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0966-y

Niu, S., Wu, M., Han, Y., Xia, J., Li, L., & Wan, S. (2008). Water-mediated responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to climatic change in a temperate steppe. *New Phytologist*, 177(1), 209-219.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02237.x
Nizzetto, L., Langaas, S., & Futter, M. (2016). Pollution: Do microplastics spill on to farm soils? Nature, 537(7621), 488. https://doi.org/10.1038/537488b

Núñez, O., Fernández-Navarro, P., Martín-Méndez, I., Bel-Lan, A., Locutura Rupérez, J. F., & López-Abente, G. (2017). Association between heavy metal and metalloid levels in topsoil and cancer mortality in Spain. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*, 24(8), 7413-7421.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8418-6

Nurlu, E., Doygun, H., Oguz, H., & Atak Kesgin, B. (2015). Simulating the Impacts of Future Policy Scenarios on Urban Land Use in Izmir Metropolitan Area Using the SLEUTH Urban Growth Model. In R. Efe, C. Bizzarri, I. Cürebal, & G. N. Nyusupova (Eds.), *Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century* (pp. 766-782). St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.

Nziguheba, G., & Smolders, E. (2008). Inputs of trace elements in agricultural soils via phosphate fertilizers in European countries. *Science of The Total Environment*, 390(1), 53-57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.031

O, S., Hou, X., & Orth, R. (2020). Observational evidence of wildfire-promoting soil moisture anomalies. *Scientific Reports*, 10(1), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67530-4

Obi, J. C., Ogban, P. I., Ituen, U. J., & Udoh, B. T. (2014). Development of pedotransfer functions for coastal plain soils using terrain attributes. *Catena*, 123, 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.015

Odabasi, M., Dumanoglu, Y., Ozgunerge Falay, E., Tuna, G., Altiok, H., Kara, M., Bayram, A., Tолнay, D., & Elbir, T. (2016). Investigation of spatial distributions and sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a heavily polluted industrial region using tree components. *Chemosphere*, 160, 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.076

OECD/FAO. (2023). *OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032*. OECD Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1787/08801ab7-en

OECD. (2024). "Nutrient balance" (indicator). OECD
ILibrary. https://doi.org/10.1787/82add6a9-en

Okur, B., & Örçen, N. (2020). Soil salinization and climate change. In M. Narasimha, V. Prasad, & M. Pietrzykowski (Eds.), *Climate Change and Soil Interactions* (pp. 331-350). LTD.
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818032-7.00012-6

Olsson, L., Barbosa, H., Bhadwal, S., Cowie, A., DeIusca, K., Flores-Renteria, D., Hermans, K., Jobbagy, E., Kurz, W., Li, D., Sonwa, D. J., & Stringer, L. (2019). Land degradation. In P. R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, ... J. Malley (Eds.), *IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems* (pp. 471-498). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838366-18

Ordóñez, A., Álvarez, R., De Miguel, E., & Charlesworth, S. (2015). Spatial and temporal variations of trace element distribution in soils and street dust of an industrial town in NW Spain: 15years of study. *Science of the Total Environment*, 524-525, 93-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.024

Orgiazzi, A., Ballabio, C., Panagos, P., Jones, A., & Fernández-Ugalde, O. (2018). LUCAS Soil, the largest expandable soil dataset for Europe: a review. *European Journal of Soil Science*, 69(1), 140-153.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12499

Orgiazzi, A., & Panagos, P. (2018). Soil biodiversity and soil erosion: It is time to get married: Adding an earthworm factor to soil erosion modelling. *Global Ecology and Biogeography*, 27(10), 1155-1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12782

Orgiazzi, A., Panagos, P., Fernández-Ugalde, O., Wojda, P., Labouyrie, M., Ballabio, C., Franco, A., Pistocchi, A., Montanarella, L., & Jones, A. (2022). LUCAS Soil Biodiversity and LUCAS Soil Pesticides, new tools for research and policy development. *European Journal of Soil Science*, 73(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13299
Orgiazzi, A., Panagos, P., Yigini, Y., Dunbar, M. B., Gardi, C., Montanarella, L., & Ballabio, C. (2016). A knowledge-based approach to estimating the magnitude and spatial patterns of potential threats to soil biodiversity. *Science of the Total Environment*, **545–546**, 11–20.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.092

Ostermann, A., Gao, J., Welp, G., Siemens, J., Roelcke, M., Heimann, L., Nieder, R., Xue, Q., Lin, X., Sandhage-Hofmann, A., & Amelung, W. (2014). Identification of soil contamination hotspots with veterinary antibiotics using heavy metal concentrations and leaching data—a field study in China. *Environmental Monitoring and Assessment*, **186**(11), 7693–7707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3960-x

Otlewska, A., Migliore, M., Dybka-Stępień, K., Manfredini, A., Struszczyk-Świta, K., Napoli, R., Białkowska, A., Canfora, L., & Pinzari, F. (2020). When Salt Meddles Between Plant, Soil, and Microorganisms. *Frontiers in Plant Science*, **11**.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.553087

Owens, P. N., Batalla, R. J., Collins, A. J., Gomez, B., Hicks, D. M., Horowitz, A. J., Kondolf, G. M., Marden, M., Page, M. J., Peacock, D. H., Petticrew, E. L., Salomons, W., & Trustrum, N. A. (2005). Fine-grained sediment in river systems: environmental significance and management issues. *River Research and Applications*, **21**(7), 693–717.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.878

Pacetti, T., Lompi, M., Petri, C., & Caporali, E. (2020). Mining activity impacts on soil erodibility and reservoirs silting: Evaluation of mining decommissioning strategies. *Journal of Hydrology*, **589**.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125107

Paes, D., Espíndola, G., Sérgio, A., Araujo, F., Prudêncio, A., Pereira, D. A., Mendes, L. W., Borges, S., Felix, R., Alberto, C., Souza, F. De, Alves, B., Silva, R. O., & Medeiros, E. V. De. (2024). Soil fertility impact on recruitment and diversity of the soil microbiome in sub-humid tropical pastures in Northeastern Brazil. *Scientific Reports*, **1–15**.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54221-7

Pagani, A., & Mallarino, A. P. (2012). Soil pH and Crop Grain Yield as Affected by the Source and Rate of Lime. *Soil Science Society of America Journal*, **76**(5), 1877–1886.

https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2012.0119

Pagano, M. C., Correa, E. J. A., Duarte, N. F., Yelikbayev, B., O'Donovan, A., & Gupta, V. K. (2017). Advances in eco-efficient agriculture: The plant-soil mycobiome. *Agriculture*, **7**(2), 1–12.

https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7020014

Pagotto, C., Rémy, N., Legret, M., & Legret, M. (2001). Heavy metal pollution of road dust and roadside soil near a major rural highway. *Environmental Technology*, **22**(3), 307–319.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618280

Paleari, S. (2017). Is the European Union protecting soil? A critical analysis of Community environmental policy and law. *Land Use Policy*, **64**, 163–173.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.007

Păltineanu, C., Calciu, I., & Vizitiu, O. (2015). Characterizing soils compaction by using packing density and compaction degree indices. *Soil Science*, **49**(2), 65–71.

Pan, M., & Chu, L. M. (2017). Transfer of antibiotics from wastewater or animal manure to soil and edible crops. *Environmental Pollution*, **231**, 829–836.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.051

Pan, S.-Y., He, K.-H., Lin, K.-T., Fan, C., & Chang, C.-T. (2022). Addressing nitrogenous gases from croplands toward low-emission agriculture. *Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science*, **5**(1).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00265-3

Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Himics, M., Scarpa, S., Matthews, F., Bogonos, M., Poesen, J., & Borrelli, P. (2021). Projections of soil loss by water erosion in Europe by 2050. *Environmental Science and Policy*, **124**, 380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.07.012

Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Poesen, J., Lugato, E., Scarpa, S., Montanarella, L., & Borrelli, P. (2020). A Soil Erosion Indicator for Supporting Agricultural, Environmental and Climate Policies in the European Union. Remote Sensing, **12**(9).

https://doi.org/10.3390/RS12091365
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Jones, A., & Robinson, D. A. (2024c). A 1 billion euro mission: A Soil Deal for Europe. *European Journal of Soil Science Published*, 479–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46294-5.00028-5

Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Matthews, F., Liakos, L., Bezak, N., Diodato, N., & Ballabio, C. (2022). Global rainfall erosivity projections for 2050 and 2070. *Journal of Hydrology*, 610, 127865.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127865

Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., van der Zanden, E. H., Poesen, J., & Alewell, C. (2015b). Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale. *Environmental Science and Policy*, 51, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.012

Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Poesen, J., Ballabio, C., Lugato, E., Meusburger, K., Montanarella, L., & Alewell, C. (2015a). The new assessment of soil loss by water erosion in Europe. *Environmental Science and Policy*, 54, 438–447.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.012

Panagos, P., De Rosa, D., Liakos, L., Labouyrie, M., Borrelli, P., & Ballabio, C. (2024b). Soil bulk density assessment in Europe. *Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment*, 364, 108907.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.108907

Panagos, P., Köningner, J., Ballabio, C., Liakos, L., Muntwyler, A., Borrelli, P., & Lugato, E. (2022b). Improving the phosphorus budget of European agricultural soils. *Science of The Total Environment*, 853, 158706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.SCITOTENV.2022.158706

Panagos, P., Matthews, F., Patault, E., De Michele, C., Quaranta, E., Bezak, N., Kaffas, K., Patro, E. R., Auel, C., Schleiss, A. J., Fendrich, A., Liakos, L., Van Eynde, E., Vieira, D., & Borrelli, P. (2024a). Understanding the cost of soil erosion: An assessment of the sediment removal costs from the reservoirs of the European Union. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, 434, 140183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140183

Panagos, P., & Montanarella, L. (2018b). Soil Thematic Strategy: An important contribution to policy support, research, data development and raising the awareness. *Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health*, 5, 38–41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.04.008

Panagos, P., Montanarella, L., Barbero, M., Schneegans, A., & Aguglia, L. (2022a). Soil priorities in the European Union. *Geoderma Regional*, 29, e00510.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00510

Panagos, P., Orgiazzi, A., Köninger, J., Ballabio, C., Lugato, E., Liakos, L., Hervas, J., & Jones, A. (2022c). European Soil Data Centre 2.0: Soil data and knowledge in support of the EU policies. *European Journal of Soil Science*, March, 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13315

Panagos, P., Standardi, G., Borrelli, P., Lugato, E., Montanarella, L., & Bosello, F. (2018a). Cost of agricultural productivity loss due to soil erosion in the European Union: From direct cost evaluation approaches to the use of macroeconomic models. *Land Degradation and Development*, 29(3), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2879

Pandey, B. K., Huang, G., Bhosale, R., Hartman, S., Sturrock, C. J., Jose, L., Martin, O. C., Karady, M., Voesenek, L. A. C. J., Ljung, K., Lynch, J. P., Brown, K. M., Whalley, W. R., Mooney, S. J., Zhang, D., & Bennett, M. J. (2021). Plant roots sense soil compaction through restricted ethylene diffusion. *Science*, 371(6526), 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf3013

Parlak, M., & Blanco-Canqui, H. (2015). Soil losses due to potato harvesting: A case study in western Turkey. *Soil Use and Management*, 31(4), 525–527.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12225

Patault, E., Ledun, J., Landemaine, V., Soulignac, A., Richet, J. B., Fournier, M., Ouvry, J. F., Cerdan, O., & Laignel, B. (2021). Analysis of off-site economic costs induced by runoff and soil erosion: Example of two areas in the northwestern European loess belt for the last two decades (Normandy, France). *Land Use Policy*, 108, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105541
Pavlović, P., Kostić, N., Karadžić, B., & Mitrović, M. (2017). *The Soils of Serbia* (A. E. Hartemink (Ed.)). Springer Science+Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8660-7 ISSN

Peña, A., Rodríguez-Liébana, J. A., & Delgado-Moreno, L. (2023). Interactions of Microplastics with Pesticides in Soils and Their Ecotoxicological Implications. *Agronomy, 13*(3), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030701

Perrin, A. S., Probst, A., & Probst, J. L. (2008). Impact of nitrogenous fertilizers on carbonate dissolution in small agricultural catchments: Implications for weathering CO2 uptake at regional and global scales. *Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta*, 72(13), 3105-3123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.011

Perron, T., Kouakou, A., Simon, C., Mareschal, L., Frédéric, G., Soumahoro, M., Kouassi, D., Rakoton-drazafy, N., Rapidel, B., Laclau, J. P., & Brauman, A. (2022). Logging residues promote rapid restoration of soil health after clear-cutting of rubber plantations at two sites with contrasting soils in Africa. *Science of the Total Environment*, 816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151526

Philippot, L., Chenu, C., Kappler, A., Rillig, M. C., & Fierer, N. (2023). The interplay between microbial communities and soil properties. *Nature Reviews Microbiology*, 22, 226-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00980-5

Pimentel, D. (2006). Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. *Environment, Development and Sustainability*, 8(1), 119-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8

Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R., & Blair, R. (1995). Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits. *Science*, 267(5201), 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5201.1117

Pino, V., McBratney, A., O'Brien, E., Singh, K., & Pozza, L. (2022). Citizen science & soil connectivity: Where are we? *Soil Security*, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2022.100073

Pocock, M. J. O., Tweddle, J. C., Savage, J., Robinson, L. D., & Roy, H. E. (2017). The diversity and evolution of ecological and environmental citizen science. *PLoS ONE*, 12(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172579

Poeplau, C., & Dechow, R. (2023). The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils. *Scientific Reports*, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34753-0

Poeplau, C., & Don, A. (2015). Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops - A meta-analysis. *Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment*, 200, 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.024

Poeplau, C., Don, A., Vesterdal, L., Leifeld, J., Van Wesemael, B., Schumacher, J., & Gensior, A. (2011). Temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon after land-use change in the temperate zone - carbon response functions as a model approach. *Global Change Biology*, 17(7), 2415-2427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02408.x

Poesen, J. (2018). Soil erosion in the Anthropocene: Research needs. *Earth Surface Processes and Landforms*, 43(1), 64-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4250

Poesen, J., Nachtergaele, J., Verstraeten, G., & Valentin, C. (2003). Gully erosion and environmental change: Importance and research needs. *Catena*, 50(2-4), 91-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00143-1

Poesen, J. W. A., Verstraeten, G., Soenens, R., & Seynaeve, L. (2001). Soil losses due to harvesting of chicory roots and sugar beet: An underrated geomorphic process? *Catena*, 43(1), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00125-9

Polykretis, C., Alexakis, D. D., Grillakis, M. G., Agapiou, A., Cuca, B., Papadopoulos, N., & Sarris, A. (2022). Assessment of water-induced soil erosion as a threat to cultural heritage sites: the case of Chania prefecture, Crete Island, Greece. *Big Earth Data*, 6(4), 561-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2021.1923231
Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers. *Science*, **360**(6392), 987–992. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0216

Pozza, L. E., & Field, D. J. (2020). The science of Soil Security and Food Security. *Soil Security*, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2020.100002

Pozzer, A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., De Meij, A., & Lelieveld, J. (2017). Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine-particulate matter and public health. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **17**(20), 12813–12826. https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-17-12813-2017

Prasuhn, V., & Blaser, S. (2018). Der Agrarumweltindikator «Erosionsrisiko». *Bulletin BGS*, **39**, 11–18.

Prasuhn, V., Liniger, H., Gisler, S., Herweg, K., Candinas, A., & Clément, J. P. (2013). A high-resolution soil erosion risk map of Switzerland as strategic policy support system. *Land Use Policy*, **32**, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.11.006

Prietzel, J., Falk, W., Reger, B., Uhl, E., Pretzsch, H., & Zimmermann, L. (2020). Half a century of Scots pine forest ecosystem monitoring reveals long-term effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change. *Global Change Biology*, **26**(10), 5796–5815. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.15265

Pruski, F. F., & Nearing, M. A. (2002). Climate-induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight U.S. locations. *Water Resources Research*, **38**(12), 34-1-34–11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000493

Quinton, J. N., & Fiener, P. (2024). Soil erosion on arable land: An unresolved global environmental threat. *Progress in Physical Geography*, **48**(1), 136–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091333231216595

Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (1999). Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992. *Global Biogeochemical Cycles*, **13**(4), 997–1027. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900046

Ramyar, R., Ackerman, A., & Johnston, D. M. (2021). Adapting cities for climate change through urban green infrastructure planning. *TIDEE : TERI Information Digest on Energy and Environment*, **20**(3), 394. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/adapting-cities-climate-change-through-urban/docview/2727005194/se-2?accountid=37310

Ranasinghe, R., Ruane, A., Vautard, R., Arnell, N., Coppola, E., Cruz, F., Dessai, S., Islam, A., Ruiz Carrascal, D., Sillmann, J., Sylla, M., Tebaldi, C., Wang, W., & Zaaboul, R. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Chapter 12: Climate change information for regional impact and for risk assessment. In *Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis* (pp. 1767–1926). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.014.1768

Ranjard, L. (2020). Sciences participatives au service de la qualité écologique des sols. *Génie Écologique*, **33**(0). https://doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-ge1074

Ranjard, L., Sauter, J., Auclerc, A., Chauvin, C., Cluzeau, D., Mereau, D., Raous, S., Roturier, C., & Serin, L. (2022). *Sciences et recherches participatives sur les sols en France Bilan et perspectives*. **29**(4), 381–394.

Rasmussen, C. (2006). Distribution of Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Pools by Biome and Soil Taxa in Arizona. *Soil Science Society of America Journal*, **70**(1), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0118

Rate, A. W. (2022). Urban soils: Principles and Practice. In A. E. Hartemink & A. B. McBratney (Eds.), *Progress in Soil Science* (pp. 1–406). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5

Rillig, M. C., & Bonkowski, M. (2018). Microplastic and soil protists: A call for research. *Environmental Pollution*, **241**, 1128–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.147

Rillig, M. C., Ziersch, L., & Hempel, S. (2017). Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms. *Scientific Reports*, **7**(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01594-7
Robinson, L. D., Cawthray, J. L., West, S. E., Bonn, A., & Ansine, J. (2019). Ten principles of citizen science. *Citizen Science*, 27–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv550cf2.9

Rodarmel, C., & Shan, J. (2002). Principal component analysis for hyperspectral image classification. *Surveying and Land Information Science*, 62(2), 115–122.

Rodríguez-Espinosa, T., Navarro-Pedreño, J., Lucas, I. G., & Almendro-Candel, M. B. (2021). Land recycling, food security and Technosols. *Journal of Geographical Research*, 4(3), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i3.3415

Romano, B., Zullo, F., Fiorini, L., Marucci, A., & Ciarò, S. (2017). Land transformation of Italy due to half a century of urbanization. *Land Use Policy*, 67, 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.006

Ronchi, S., Salata, S., Arcidiacono, A., Piroli, E., & Montanarella, L. (2019). Policy instruments for soil protection among the EU member states: A comparative analysis. *Land Use Policy*, 82, 763–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.01.017

Rooney, R. C., Bayley, S. E., & Schindler, D. W. (2012). Oil sands mining and reclamation cause massive loss of peatland and stored carbon. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, 109(13), 4933–4937. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117693108

Ros, G. H., Verweij, S. E., Janssen, S. J. C., Haan, J. De, & Fujita, Y. (2022). An Open Soil Health Assessment Framework Facilitating Sustainable Soil Management. *Environmental Science & Technology*. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.2C04516

Rousk, J., Bååth, E., Brookes, P. C., Lauber, C. L., Lozupone, C., Caporaso, J. G., Knight, R., & Fierer, N. (2010). Soil bacterial and fungal communities across a pH gradient in an arable soil. *ISME Journal*, 4(10), 1340–1351. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.58

Routschek, A., Schmidt, J., & Kreienkamp, F. (2014). Impact of climate change on soil erosion - A high-resolution projection on catchment scale until 2100 in Saxony/Germany. *Catena*, 121, 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.04.019

Runefeldt, L. (2010). *Svensk mosskultur: odling, torvanvändning och landskapets förändring 1750–2000* (L. Runefelt (Ed.); Issue 41). Kungl. Skogs- och lantbruksakademien.

Ruysschaert, G., Poesen, J., Verstraeten, G., & Govers, G. (2004). Soil loss due to crop harvesting: Significance and determining factors. *Progress in Physical Geography*, 28(4), 467–4501. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133304pp421oa

Ruysschaert, G., Poesen, J., Verstraeten, G., & Govers, G. (2005). Interannual variation of soil losses due to sugar beet harvesting in West Europe. *Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment*, 107(4), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.12.005

Ruysschaert, G., Poesen, J., Wauters, A., Govers, G., & Verstraeten, G. (2007). Factors controlling soil loss during sugar beet harvesting at the field plot scale in Belgium. *European Journal of Soil Science*, 58(6), 1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00945.x

Saarinen, T., Mohämmädighävam, S., Marttila, H., & Kløve, B. (2013). Impact of peatland forestry on runoff water quality in areas with sulphide-bearing sediments; how to prevent acid surges. *Forest Ecology and Management*, 293, 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.029

Sadras, V. O., Villalobos, F. J., & Fereres, E. (2016). Limitations to Crop Productivity. In F. J. Villalobos & E. Fereres (Eds.), *Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture* (pp. 205–213). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46116-8_15

Sajjad, M., Huang, Q., Khan, S., Khan, M. A., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Lian, F., Wang, Q., & Guo, G. (2022). Microplastics in the soil environment: A critical review. *Environmental Technology and Innovation*, 27, 102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102408

San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Durrant, T., Boca, R., Maianti, P., Liberta`, G., Jacome Felix Oom, D., Branco, A., De Rigo, D., Suarez-Moreno, M., Ferrari, D., Roglia, E., Scionti, N., Broglia, M., Onida, M., Tistan, A., & Loffler, P. (2023). *Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022*. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/871593
Sartori, M., Philippidis, G., Ferrari, E., Borrelli, P., Lugato, E., Montanarella, L., & Panagos, P. (2019). A linkage between the biophysical and the economic: Assessing the global market impacts of soil erosion. *Land Use Policy*, 86(May), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.014

Sattari, S. Z., Bouwman, A. F., Giller, K. E., & Van Ittersum, M. K. (2012). Residual soil phosphorus as the missing piece in the global phosphorus crisis puzzle. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, 109(16), 6348–6353. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1113675109/-/DC-SUPPLEMENTAL/PNAS.201113675SI.PDF

Saviazzi, A., Cardelli, R., & Puccio, R. Di. (2011). *Impact of Salinity on Soil Biological Activities: A Laboratory Experiment*. September 2013, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.542226

Schils, R., Olesen, J. E., Kersebaum, K. C., Rijk, B., Oberforster, M., Kalyada, V., Khitrykau, M., Gobin, A., Kirchev, H., Manolova, V., Manolov, I., Trnka, M., Hlavinka, P., Paluoso, T., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Jauhiainen, L., Lorgeou, J., Marrou, H., Danalatos, N., ... van Ittersum, M. K. (2018). Cereal yield gaps across Europe. *European Journal of Agronomy*, 101, 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2018.09.003

Schindlbacher, A., Wunderlich, S., Borken, W., Kitzler, B., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., & Jandl, R. (2012). Soil respiration under climate change: Prolonged summer drought offsets soil warming effects. *Global Change Biology*, 18(7), 2270–2279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x

Schjønning, P., Lamandé, M., De Pue, J., Cornelis, W. M., Labouriau, R., & Keller, T. (2023). The challenge in estimating soil compressive strength for use in risk assessment of soil compaction in field traffic. *Advances in Agronomy*, 178, 61–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2022.11.003

Schjønning, P., Lamandé, M., Munkholm, L. J., Lyn-gvig, H. S., & Nielsen, J. A. (2016). Soil precompres-sion stress, penetration resistance and crop yields in relation to differently-trafficked, temperate-re-gion sandy loam soils. *Soil and Tillage Research*, 163, 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.07.003

Schjønning, P., van den Akker, J. J. H., Keller, T., Greve, M. H., Lamandé, M., Simojoki, A., Stettler, M., Arvidsson, J., & Breuning-Madsen, H. (2015). Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) analysis and risk assessment for soil compaction-A European perspective. In *Advances in Agronomy* (Vol. 133). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2015.06.001

Schmidt, S., Alewell, C., & Meusburger, K. (2019). Monthly RUSLE soil erosion risk of Swiss grass-lands. *Journal of Maps*, 15(2), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1585980

Schmitz, A., Sanders, T. G. M., Bolte, A., Bussotti, F., Dirnböck, T., Johnson, J., Peñuelas, J., Pollastrini, M., Prescher, A. K., Sardans, J., Verstraeten, A., & De Vries, W. (2019). Responses of forest ecosystems in Europe to decreasing nitrogen deposition. *Environmental Pollution*, 244, 980–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.101

Schneider, F., & Don, A. (2019). Root-restricting layers in German agricultural soils. Part I: extent and cause. *Plant and Soil*, 442(1–2), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04185-9

Schuh, B., Münch, A., Badouix, M., Hat, K., Brkanovic, S., Machold, I., Schroll, K., Juvančič, L., Erjavec, E., Rac, I., & Novak, A. (2022). *Research for AGRI Committee – The Future of the European Farming Model: Socio-economic and territorial implications of the decline in the number of farms and farmers in the EU* (Issue 259). https://doi.org/10.24197/reep.259.2022.241-243

Searchinger, T., James, O., Dumas, P., Kastner, T., & Wirsenius, S. (2022). EU climate plan sacrifices carbon storage and biodiversity for bioenergy. *Nature*, 612(7938), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04133-1

Seehusen, T., Mordhorst, A., Riggert, R., Fleige, H., Horn, R., & Riley, H. (2021). Subsoil compaction of a clay soil in South-East Norway and its amelioration after 5 years. *International Agrophysics*, 35(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/135513
Setia, R., Gottschalk, P., Smith, P., Marschner, P., Baldock, J., Setia, D., & Smith, J. (2013). Soil salinity decreases global soil organic carbon stocks. *Science of the Total Environment, 465*, 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.028

Seyidoglu Akdeniz, N., Tumsavas, Z., & Zencirkiran, M. (2019). A Research on the Soil Characteristics and Woody Plant Species of Urban Boulevards in Bursa, Turkey. *Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (Last)*, 21(September 2021), 129–141.

Shafea, L., Yap, J., Beriot, N., Felde, V. J. M. N. L., Okoffo, E. D., Enyoh, C. E., & Peth, S. (2023). Micro-plastics in agroecosystems: A review of effects on soil biota and key soil functions. *Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science*, 186(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202200136

Shaheb, M. R., Venkatesh, R., & Shearer, S. A. (2021). A Review on the Effect of Soil Compaction and its Management for Sustainable Crop Production. *Journal of Biosystems Engineering*, 46(4), 417–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00117-7

Shahid, S. A., Zaman, M., & Heng, L. (2018). Soil Salinity: Historical Perspectives and a World Overview of the Problem. In M. Zaman, S. A. Shahid, & L. Heng (Eds.), *Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques*. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3

Shamal, S. A. M., Alhwaimel, S. A., & Mouazen, A. M. (2016). Application of an on-line sensor to map soil packing density for site specific cultivation. *Soil and Tillage Research*, 162, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.04.016

Shao, Y. (2008). *Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion* (L. A. Mysak & K. Hamilton (Eds.)). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8895-7_4

Sharma, P. K., & Kumar, S. (2023). Soil Water and Plant Growth. In *Soil Physical Environment and Plant Growth.Evaluation and Management* (pp. 33–71). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28057-3_2

Siciliano, S. D., Palmer, A. S., Winsley, T., Lamb, E., Bissett, A., Brown, M. V., van Dorst, J., Ji, M., Ferrari, B. C., Grogan, P., Chu, H., & Snape, I. (2014). Soil fertility is associated with fungal and bacterial

richness, whereas pH is associated with community composition in polar soil microbial communities. *Soil Biology and Biochemistry*, 78, 10–20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.SOILBIO.2014.07.005

Sidhu, D., & Duiker, S. W. (2006). Soil compaction in conservation tillage: Crop impacts. *Agronomy Journal*, 98(5), 1257–1264.
https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0070

Silva, V., Mol, H. G. J., Zomer, P., Tienstra, M., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2019). Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils – A hidden reality unfolded. *Science of the Total Environment*, 653, 1532–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441

Smith, L. C., Orgiazzi, A., Eisenhauer, N., Cesarz, S., Lochner, A., Jones, A., Bastida, F., Patoine, G., Reitz, T., Buscot, F., Rillig, M. C., Heintz-Buschart, A., Lehmann, A., & Guerra, C. A. (2021). Large-scale drivers of relationships between soil microbial properties and organic carbon across Europe. *Global Ecology and Biogeography*, 30(10), 2070–2083. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13371

Smith, P., Chapman, S. J., Scott, W. A., Black, H. I. J., Wattenbach, M., Milne, R., Campbell, C. D., Lilly, A., Ostle, N., Levy, P. E., Lumsdon, D. G., Millard, P., Towers, W., Zaehle, S., & Smith, J. U. (2007). Climate change cannot be entirely responsible for soil carbon loss observed in England and Wales, 1978–2003. *Global Change Biology*, 13(12), 2605–2609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01458.x

Smith, P., House, J. I., Bustamante, M., Sobocká, J., Harper, R., Pan, G., West, P. C., Clark, J. M., Adhya, T., Rumpel, C., Paustian, K., Kuikman, P., Cotrufo, M. F., Elliott, J. A., McDowell, R., Griffiths, R. I., Asakawa, S., Bondeau, A., Jain, A. K., ... Pugh, T. A. M. (2016). Global change pressures on soils from land use and management. *Global Change Biology*, 22(3), 1008–1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13068

Smith, P., Nkem, J., Calvin, K., Campbell, D., Cherubini, F., Grassi, G., Korotkov, V., Hoang, A. Le, Lwasa, S., McElwee, P., Nkonya, E., Saigusa, N., Soussana, J.-F., Taboada, M. A., Arias-Navarro, C., Cavalett, O., Cowie, A., House, J., Huppmann, D., ... Vizzarri, M. (2019). IPCC SR Climate Change & Land Ch 6: Interlinkages between Desertification, Land, Food Security and GHG fluxes. In *IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation,*
sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/09_Chapter-6.pdf

Smith, V. H. (2003). Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems: a global problem. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 10*(2), 126-139.
https://doi.org/10.1065/ESPR2002.12.142

Smith, V. H., & Schindler, D. W. (2009). Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? *Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24*(4), 201-207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.TREE.2008.11.009

Soudzilovskaia, N. A., van Bodegom, P. M., Terrer, C., Zelfde, M. van't, McCallum, I., Luke McCormack, M., Fisher, J. B., Brundrett, M. C., de Sá, N. C., & Tedersoo, L. (2019). Global mycorrhizal plant distribution linked to terrestrial carbon stocks. *Nature Communications, 10*(1), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13019-2

Soveri, J. (1992). Acidifying effects on groundwater. *Studies in Environmental Science, 50*(C), 135-143.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-1116(08)70108-0

Spalevic, V. (2024). Pedological Characteristics of Montenegro. In G. Barovic (Ed.), *Cave and Karst Systems of the World. Speleology of Montenegro*. Springer, Cham.

Stavi, I., Thevs, N., & Priori, S. (2021). Soil Salinity and Sodicity in Drylands: A Review of Causes, Effects, Monitoring, and Restoration Measures. *Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9*, 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.712831

Stebutt, A. (1926). *Our main agricultural regions (in Serbian)*. 'St. Sava' Press.

Steffan, J. J., Brevik, E. C., Burgess, L. C., & Cerdà, A. (2018). The effect of soil on human health: an overview. *European Journal of Soil Science, 69*(1), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/EJSS.12451/FULL

Steinfurth, K., Börjesson, G., Denoroy, P., Eichler-Löbermann, B., Gans, W., Heyn, J., Hirte, J., Huyghebaert, B., Jouany, C., Koch, D., Merbach, I., Mokry, M., Mollier, A., Morel, C., Panten, K., Peiter, E., Poulton, P. R., Reitz, T., Rubæk, G. H., ... Buczko,

U. (2022). Thresholds of target phosphorus fertility classes in European fertilizer recommendations in relation to critical soil test phosphorus values derived from the analysis of 55 European long-term field experiments. *Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 332*, 107926.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.AGEE.2022.107926

Stojic, N., Pucarevic, M., & Stojic, G. (2017). Railway transportation as a source of soil pollution. *Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57*, 124-129.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.024

Stolte, J., Tesfai, M., Øygarden, L., Kværnø, S., Keizer, J., Verheijen, F., Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., & Hessel, R. (Eds.). (2015). *Soil threats in Europe. status, methods, drivers and effects on ecosystem services*. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2788/828742

Succow, M., & Jeschke, L. (1990). *Moore in der Landschaft*. Harri Deutsch.

Swindles, G. T., Morris, P. J., Mullan, D. J., Payne, R. J., Roland, T. P., Amesbury, M. J., Lamentowicz, M., Turner, T. E., Gallego-Sala, A., Sim, T., Barr, I. D., Blaauw, M., Blundell, A., Chambers, F. M., Charman, D. J., Feurdean, A., Galloway, J. M., Gałka, M., Green, S. M., ... Warner, B. (2019). Widespread drying of European peatlands in recent centuries. *Nature Geoscience, 12*(11), 922-928.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0462-z

Szajdak, L. W., Jezierski, A., Wegner, K., Meysner, T., & Szczepanski, M. (2020). Influence of Drainage on Peat Organic Matter: and Transformation. *Molecules, 25*(2587), 1-27.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112587

Tamm, L., Thuerig, B., Apostolov, S., Blogg, H., Borgo, E., Corneo, P. E., Fittje, S., de Palma, M., Donko, A., Experton, C., Marín, É. A., Pérez, Á. M., Pertot, I., Rasmussen, A., Steinshamn, H., Vetemaa, A., Willer, H., & Herforth-Rahmé, J. (2022). Use of Copper-Based Fungicides in Organic Agriculture in Twelve European Countries. *Agronomy, 12*(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030673

Tang, X., Shen, C., Chen, L., Xiao, X., Wu, J., Khan, M. I., Dou, C., & Chen, Y. (2010). Inorganic and organic pollution in agricultural soil from an emerging
e-waste recycling town in Taizhou area, China. *Journal of Soils and Sediments, 10*(5), 895-906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0252-0

Tanneberger, F., Appulo, L., Ewert, S., Lakner, S., Ó Brolcháin, N., Peters, J., & Wichtmann, W. (2021b). The Power of Nature-Based Solutions: How Peat-lands Can Help Us to Achieve Key EU Sustainability Objectives. *Advanced Sustainable Systems, 5*(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202000146

Tanneberger, F., Moen, A., Barthelmes, A., Lewis, E., Miles, L., Sirin, A., Tegetmeyer, C., & Joosten, H. (2021a). Mires in europe—regional diversity, condition and protection. *Diversity, 13*(8), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/D13080381

Tanneberger, F., Tegetmeyer, C., Busse, S., Barthelmes, A., Shumka, S., Mariné, A. M., Jenderedjian, K., Steiner, G. M., Essl, F., Etzold, J., Mendes, C., Kozulin, A., Frankard, P., Milanović, Ganeva, A., Apostolova, I., Alegro, A., Delipetrou, P., Navrátilová, J., ... Joosten, H. (2017). The peatland map of Europe. *Mires and Peat, 19* (2015), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19189/maP.2016.OMB.264

Tanneberger, F., Tuula, L., Sirin, A., Arias-Navarro, C., Farrell, C., Glatzel, S., Kozulin, A., Laerke, P., Leifeld, J., Raisa, M., Minayeva, T., Moen, A., Oskarsson, H., Pakalne, M., & Sendžikaitė, J. (2022). Regional Assessment for Europe. In *Global Peatlands Assessment: The State of the World's Peatlands*. Evidence for action toward the conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of peatlands. Global Peatlands Initiative. United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/resources/global-peatlands-assessment-2022

Tanovitskii, I. G. (1980). *Rational Use of Peat Deposits and Conservation of the Environment* [in Russian]. Nauka i tekhnika.

Tanrivermis, H. (2003). Agricultural land use change and sustainable use of land resources in the mediterranean region of Turkey. *Journal of Arid Environments, 54*(3), 553-564. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1078

Tarolli, P., Luo, J., Park, E., Barcaccia, G., & Masin, R. (2024). Soil salinization in agriculture: Mitigation and adaptation strategies combining nature-based solutions and bioengineering. *IScience, 27*(2), 108830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.108830

Temmink, R. J. M., Lamers, L. P. M., Angelini, C., Bouma, T. J., Fritz, C., van de Koppel, J., Lexmond, R., Rietkerk, M., Silliman, B. R., Joosten, H., & van der Heide, T. (2022). Recovering wetland biogeo-morphic feedbacks to restore the world's biotic carbon hotspots. *Science, 376*(6593), 1111-1116. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn1479

Thomas, A., Cosby, B. J., Henrys, P., & Emmett, B. (2020). Patterns and trends of topsoil carbon in the UK: Complex interactions of land use change, climate and pollution. *Science of the Total Environment, 729*(138330), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138330

Thomas, M., Richardson, C., Durbridge, R., Fitzpatrick, R., & Seaman, R. (2016). Mobilising citizen scientists to monitor rapidly changing acid sulfate soils. *Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 140*(2), 186-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1203141

Thompson, D. K., Simpson, B. N., Whitman, E., Barber, Q. E., & Parisien, M. A. (2019). Peatland hydrological dynamics as a driver of landscape connectivity and fire activity in the Boreal plain of Canada. *Forests, 10*(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/f10070534

Thorsøe, M. H., Noe, E. B., Lamandé, M., Frelih-Larsen, A., Kjeldsen, C., Zandersen, M., & Schjønning, P. (2019). Sustainable soil management - Farmers' perspectives on subsoil compaction and the opportunities and barriers for intervention. *Land Use Policy, 86*, 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.017

Tibbett, M., Fraser, T. D., & Duddigan, S. (2020). Identifying potential threats to soil biodiversity. *PeerJ, 8*. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9271
Tibbett, M., Gil-Martínez, M., Fraser, T., Green, I.
D., Duddigan, S., De Oliveira, V. H., Raulund-Rasmussen, K., Sizmur, T., & Diaz, A. (2019). Long-term acidification of pH neutral grasslands affects soil biodiversity, fertility and function in a heathland restoration. *CATENA, 180*, 401–415.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.CATENA.2019.03.013

Tobias, S., & Tietje, O. (2007). Modelling experts' judgments on soil compaction to derive decision rules for soil protection-A case study from Switzerland. *Soil and Tillage Research, 92*(1-2), 129-143.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.02.001

Tóth, G., Adhikari, K., Várallyay, G., Tóth, T., Bódis, K., & Stolbovoy, V. (2006). Updated map of salt affected soils in the European Union. In G. Tóth, L. Montanarella, & E. Rusco (Eds.), *Threats to Soil Quality in Europe* (EUR 23438, Issue May). Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Tóth, G., Gardi, C., Bódis, K., Ivits, É., Aksoy, E., Jones, A., Jeffrey, S., Petursdottir, T., & Montanarella, L. (2013). Continental-scale assessment of provisioning soil functions in Europe. *Ecological Processes, 2*(1), 1-18.

https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-2-32

Tóth, G., Kismányoky, T., Kassai, P., Hermann, T., Fernandez-Ugalde, O., & Szabó, B. (2020). Farming by soil in Europe: Status and outlook of cropping systems under different pedoclimatic conditions.

*PeerJ, 8*(e8984), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8984

Tóth, G., Montanarella, L., & Rusco, E. (Eds.). (2008).
*Threats to Soil Quality in Europe* (EUR 23438). Office

for Official Publications of the European Communities.
https://doi.org/10.2788/8647

Tóth, G., Montanarella, L., Stolbovoy, V., & Máté, F. (2011). Soils of the European Union. In *Choice Reviews Online* (Vol. 49, Issue 02).

https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.49-1185

Townsend, A. R., Howarth, R. W., Bazzaz, F. A., Booth, M. S., Cleveland, C. C., Townsend, A. R. ; Howarth, R. W. ;, Bazzaz, F. A. ;, Booth, M. S. ;, Cleveland, C. C. ;, Collinge, S. K. ;, Dobson, A. P. ;, Epstein, P. R. ;, Holland, E. A. ;, Keeney, D. R. ;, Mallin, M. A. ;, Rogers, C. A. ;, Wayne, P. ;, Wolfe, A. H., & Health, H. (2003). Human Health Effects of a Changing Global Nitrogen Cycle. *Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications, 1*(5), 240-246.

https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0240:HHEOAC]2.0.CO;2

Truskavetskii, R. S. (2014). Carbon budget of drained peat bogs in Ukrainian Polesie. *Eurasian Soil Science, 47*(7), 687-693.

https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229314050238

Tsiafouli, M. A., Thébault, E., Sgardelis, S. P., de Ruiter, P. C., van der Putten, W. H., Birkhofer, K., Hemerik, L., De Vries, F. T., Bardgett, R. D., Brady, M. V., Bjornlund, L., Jørgensen, H. B., Christensen, S., Hertefeldt, T. D., Hotes, S., Gera Hol, W. H., Frouz, J., Liiri, M., Mortimer, S. R., ... Hedlund, K. (2015). Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe. *Global Change Biology, 21*(2), 973-985. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12752

Turner, T. E., Swindles, G. T., & Roucoux, K. H. (2014). Late Holocene ecohydrological and carbon dynamics of a UK raised bog: Impact of human activity and climate change. *Quaternary Science Reviews, 84*, 65–85.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.030

Turrini, T., Dörler, D., Richter, A., Heigl, F., & Bonn, A. (2018). The threefold potential of environmental citizen science - Generating knowledge, creating learning opportunities and enabling civic participation. *Biological Conservation, 225*(July), 176-186.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.03.024

UBA. (2015). *Bodenzustand in Deutschland - zum „Internationalen Jahr des Bodens“*. Umweltbundesamt (UBA).

UK Environment Agency. (2019). *The state of the environment: soil* (Issue June).

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/805926/State_of_the_environ-ment_soil_report.pdf
Ulén, B., Bechmann, M., Fö Lst Er, J., Jarvie, H. P., & Tunney, & H. (2007). Agriculture as a phosphorus source for eutrophication in the north-west European countries, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and Ireland: a review. *Soil Use and Management, 23*, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2007.00115.x

Van-camp, L., Bujarrabal, B., Gentile, A. R., Jones, R. J. A., Montanarella, L., Olazabal, C., & Selvaradjou, S. (Eds.). (2004). *Reports of the Technical Working Groups Established under the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection*. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

van den Akker, J. J. H., & Soane, B. (2005). Compaction. *Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 4*, 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00248-4

van Diggelen, R. (2018). Mires and Peatlands of Europe: Status, Distribution and Conservation. *Restoration Ecology, 26*(5), 1005–1006.
https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12865

van Doorn, M., van Rotterdam, D., Ros, G., Koopmans, G. F., Smolders, E., De Vries, W., Bhatnagar, A., & Ma, L. Q. (2023). The phosphorus saturation degree as a universal agronomic and environmental soil P test. *2023 Book of Abstracts: Wageningen Soil Conference, 42–42*.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2023.2240211

Van Eynde, E., Fendrich, A. N., Ballabio, C., & Panagos, P. (2023). Spatial assessment of topsoil zinc concentrations in Europe. *Science of the Total Environment, 892*.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164512

Van Groenigen, J. W., Van Kessel, C., Hungate, B. A., Oenema, O., Powlson, D. S., & Van Groenigen, K. J. (2017). Sequestering Soil Organic Carbon: A Nitrogen Dilemma. In *Environmental Science and Technology* (Vol. 51, Issue 9, pp. 4738–4739). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01427

Van Leeuwen, J. P., Saby, N. P. A., Jones, A., Louwagie, G., Micheli, E., Rutgers, M., Schulte, R. P. O., Spiegel, H., Toth, G., & Creamer, R. E. (2017). Gap assessment in current soil monitoring networks across Europe for measuring soil functions. *Environmental Research Letters, 12*(12).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c

Van Oost, K., Cerdan, O., & Quine, T. A. (2009). Accelerated sediment fluxes by water and tillage erosion on European agricultural land. *Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34*(12), 1625–1634.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1852

Van Oost, K., Govers, G., de Alba, S., & Quine, T. A. (2006). Tillage erosion: A review of controlling factors and implications for soil quality. *Progress in Physical Geography, 30*(4), 443–466.
https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp487ra

Vanmaercke, M., Panagos, P., Vanwalleghem, T., Hayas, A., Foerster, S., Borrelli, P., Rossi, M., Torri, D., Casali, J., Borselli, L., Vigiak, O., Maerker, M., Haregeweyn, N., De Geeter, S., Zglobicki, W., Fielders, C., Cerdà, A., Conoscenti, C., de Figueiredo, T., ... Poesen, J. (2021). Measuring, modelling and managing gully erosion at large scales: A state of the art. *Earth-Science Reviews, 218*(April).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103637

Vanmaercke, M., Poesen, J., Van Mele, B., Demuzere, M., Bruynseels, A., Golosov, V., Bezerra, J. F. R., Bolysov, S., Dvinskih, A., Frankl, A., Fuseina, Y., Guerra, A. J. T., Haregeweyn, N., Ionita, I., Makanzu Imwangana, F., Moeyersons, J., Moshe, I., Nazari Samani, A., Niacsu, L., ... Yermolaev, O. (2016). How fast do gully headcuts retreat? *Earth-Science Reviews, 154*, 336–355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.01.009

Vanwalleghem, T., Gómez, J. A., Infante Amate, J., González de Molina, M., Vanderlinden, K., Guzmán, G., Laguna, A., & Giráldez, J. V. (2017). Impact of historical land use and soil management change on soil erosion and agricultural sustainability during the Anthropocene. *Anthropocene, 17*, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.01.002

Védère, C., Lebrun, M., Honvault, N., Aubertin, M. L., Girardin, C., Garnier, P., Dignac, M. F., Houben, D., & Rumpel, C. (2022). How does soil water status influence the fate of soil organic matter? A review of processes across scales. *Earth-Science Reviews, 234*. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104214
Veerman, C., Pinto-Correia, T., Bastioli, C., Biro, B., Bouma, J., Cienciala, E., Emmett, B., Frison, E. A., Grand, A., Hristov, L., Kriaučiūnienė, Z., Pogrzeba, M., Soussana, J.-F., Vela, C., & Wittkowski, R. (2020). *Caring for soil is caring for life – ensure 75% of soils are healthy by 2030 for healthy food, people, nature and climate: interim report of the Mission board for Soil health and food*. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2777/611303

Verachtert, E., Maetens, W., Van Den Eeckhaut, M., Poesen, J., & Deckers, J. (2011). Soil loss rates due to piping erosion. *Earth Surface Processes and Landforms*, 36(13), 1715–1725.
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2186

Vereecken, H., Amelung, W., Bauke, S. L., Bogena, H., Brüggemann, N., Montzka, C., Vanderborght, J., Bechtold, M., Blöschl, G., Carminati, A., Javaux, M., Konings, A. G., Kusche, J., Neuweiler, I., Or, D., Steele-Dunne, S., Verhoef, A., Young, M., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Soil hydrology in the Earth system. *Nature Reviews Earth and Environment*, 3(9), 573–587.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00324-6

Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J., & Smith, C. J. (2009). Tolerable versus actual soil erosion rates in Europe. *Earth-Science Reviews*, 94(1–4), 23–38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.02.003

Verstraeten, G., & Poesen, J. (1999). The nature of small-scale flooding, muddy floods and retention pond sedimentation in central Belgium. *Geomorphology*, 29(3), 275–292.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00020-3

Viana, C. M., Oliveira, S., Oliveira, S. C., & Rocha, J. (2019). Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis. In H. R. Gokceoglu & C. Pourghasemi (Eds.), *Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences* (pp. 621–651). Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815226-3.00029-6

Vidojevic, D., Zdruli, P., Čivić, H., Marković, M., Milić, S., Mukaetov, D., Knežević, M., & Sharku, A. (2022). *State of the art of soil management in the Western Balkans* (D. Konjevic (Ed.)). Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in SEE (SWG).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2004.01.005

Vieira, D. C. S., Borrelli, P., Jahanianfard, D., Benali, A., Scarpa, S., & Panagos, P. (2023a). Wildfires in Europe: Burned soils require attention. *Environmental Research*, 217(November 2022), 114936.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114936

Vieira, D. C. S., Fernández, C., Vega, J. A., & Keizer, J. J. (2015). Does soil burn severity affect the post-fire runoff and interrill erosion response? A review based on meta-analysis of field rainfall simulation data. *Journal of Hydrology*, 523, 452–464.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.071

Vieira, D. C. S., Medici, D., Jimenez, M., Wojda, J., & Jones, P. (2023b). *Pesticides residues in European agricultural soils. Results from LUCAS 2018 soil module*. Publications Office of the European Union.
https://doi.org/10.2760/86566

Vieira, D. C. S., Yunta, F., Baragaño, D., Evrard, O., Reiff, T., Silva, V., de la Torre, A., Zhang, C., Panagos, P., Jones, A., & Wojda, P. (2024). Soil pollution in the European Union – An outlook. *Environmental Science and Policy*, 161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103876

Virto, I., De Soto, I., Antón, R., & Poch, R. (2022). Management of carbonate-rich soils and trade-offs with soil inorganic carbon cycling. In C. Rumpel (Ed.), *Understanding and Fostering Soil Carbon Sequestration*. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.19103/AS.2022.0106

Wachira, P., Kimenju, J., Okoth, S., & Kiarie, J. (2015). Conservation and Sustainable Management of Soil Biodiversity for Agricultural Productivity. In N. Kaneko, M. Kobayashi, & S. Yoshiura (Eds.), *Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks* (pp. 1–286).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54804-1

Wall, D. H., Nielsen, U. N., & Six, J. (2015). Soil biodiversity and human health. *Nature*, 528(7580), 69–76.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15744
Wang, C., Morrissey, E. M., Mau, R. L., Hayer, M., Piñeiro, J., Mack, M. C., Marks, J. C., Bell, S. L., Miller, S. N., Schwartz, E., Dijkstra, P., Koch, B. J., Stone, B. W., Purcell, A. M., Blazewicz, S. J., Hofmockel, K. S., Pett-Ridge, J., & Hungate, B. A. (2021). The temperature sensitivity of soil: microbial biodiversity, growth, and carbon mineralization. *ISME Journal*, 15(9), 2738–2747.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00959-1

Wang, M., Guo, X., Zhang, S., Xiao, L., Mishra, U., Yang, Y., Zhu, B., Wang, G., Mao, X., Qian, T., Jiang, T., Shi, Z., & Luo, Z. (2022). Global soil profiles indicate depth-dependent soil carbon losses under a warmer climate. *Nature Communications*, 13(1).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33278-w

Wang, M., Zhang, S., Guo, X., Xiao, L., Yang, Y., Luo, Y., Mishra, U., & Luo, Z. (2023). Responses of soil organic carbon to climate extremes under warming across global biomes. *Nature Climate Change*, 14(January). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01874-3

Webb, N. P., McGowan, H. A., Phinn, S. R., & McTainsh, G. H. (2006). AUSLEM (AUStralian Land Erodibility Model): A tool for identifying wind erosion hazard in Australia. *Geomorphology*, 78(3-4), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j geomorph.2006.01.012

Wellbrock, N., & Andreas, B. (Eds.). (2019). *Status and Dynamics of Forests in Germany Results. Results of the National Forest Monitoring*. Springer imprint.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15734-0_7

Wilkinson, S. L., Moore, P. A., Thompson, D. K., Wotton, B. M., Hvenegaard, S., Schroeder, D., & Waddington, J. M. (2018). The effects of black spruce fuel management on surface fuel condition and peat burn severity in an experimental fire. *Canadian Journal of Forest Research*, 48(12), 1433–1440.

https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0217

Williams, O. H., & Rintoul-Hynes, N. L. J. (2022). Legacy of war: Pedogenesis divergence and heavy metal contamination on the WWI front line a century after battle. *European Journal of Soil Science*, 73(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13297

Wong, V. N. L., Greene, R. S. B., Dalal, R. C., & Murphy, B. W. (2010). Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils: a review. *Soil Use and Management*, 26(1), 2–11.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00251.x

Xu, D., Carswell, A., Zhu, Q., Zhang, F., & De Vries, W. (2019). Modelling long-term impacts of fertilization and liming on soil acidification at Rothamsted experimental station. *Science of the Total Environment*, 713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136249

Xu, S., Sheng, C., & Tian, C. (2020). Changing soil carbon: Influencing factors, sequestration strategy and research direction. *Carbon Balance and Management*, 15(1), 1–9.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-0137-5

Yilmaz, M. (2009). Urban agriculture and its impact on climate change – Atatürk Forest Farm in Ankara as a sample. *IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science*, 6(24), 242043.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/4/242043

Young, M. D., Ros, G. H., & De Vries, W. (2021).

Impacts of agronomic measures on crop, soil, and environmental indicators: A review and synthesis of meta-analysis. *Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment*, 319.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107551

Yunta, F., Di Foggia, M., Bellido-Díaz, V., Morales-Calderón, M., Tessarin, P., López-Rayo, S., Tinti, A., Kovács, K., Klencsár, Z., Fodor, F., & Rombolà, A. D. (2013). Blood meal-based compound.

Good choice as iron fertilizer for organic farming. *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*, 61(17), 3995–4003.

https://doi.org/10.1021/JF305563B/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/JF-2012-05563B_0009.JPEG

Yunta, F., Schillaci, C., Panagos, P., Van Eynde, E., Wojda, P., & Jones, A. (2024). Quantitative analysis of the compliance of EU Sewage Sludge Directive by using the heavy metal concentrations from LUCAS topsoil database. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research International*.

https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-024-31835-Y

Zak, D., & McInnes, R. J. (2022). A call for refining the peatland restoration strategy in Europe. *Journal of Applied Ecology*, 59(11), 2698–2704.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14261
Zamanian, K., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2019). Contribution of soil inorganic carbon to atmospheric CO₂: More important than previously thought. *Global Change Biology*, 25(1), e1–e3. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14463

Zamanian, K., Pustovoytov, K., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2016). Pedogenic carbonates: Forms and formation processes. *Earth-Science Reviews*, 157, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.03.003

Zamanian, K., Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, R., Tao, J., Fan, L., Raza, S., Guggenberger, G., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2024). Acidification of European croplands by nitrogen fertilization: Consequences for carbonate losses, and soil health. *Science of the Total Environment*, 924(November 2023), 171631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171631

Zamanian, K., Zarebanadkouki, M., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2018). Nitrogen fertilization raises CO₂ efflux from inorganic carbon: A global assessment. *Global Change Biology*, 24(7), 2810–2817. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14148

Zdruli, P., Wojda, P., & Jones, A. (2022). *Soil health in the Western Balkans*. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/653515

Zedler, J. B., & Kercher, S. (2005). Wetland resources: Status, trends, ecosystem services, and restorability. *Annual Review of Environment and Resources*, 30, 39–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144248

Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, M., Wang, K., Meng, F., Liu, L., Zhao, Y., Ma, L., Zhu, Q., Xu, W., & Zhang, F. (2021). Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review of quantification methods and its spatial pattern derived from the global monitoring networks. *Eco-toxicology and Environmental Safety*, 216, 112180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112180

Zhang, S., Zhu, Q., De Vries, W., Ros, G. H., Chen, X., Muneer, M. A., Zhang, F., & Wu, L. (2023). Effects of soil amendments on soil acidity and crop yields in acidic soils: A world-wide meta-analysis. *Journal of Environmental Management*, 345. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2023.118531

Zhang, W. P., Surigaoge, S., Yang, H., Yu, R. P., Wu, J. P., Xing, Y., Chen, Y., & Li, L. (2024). Diversified cropping systems with complementary root growth strategies improve crop adaptation to and remediação of hostile soils. *Plant and Soil*, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06464-y

Zhao, R., Li, J., Ma, Y., & Lv, Y. (2020). A field study of vertical mobility and relative bioavailability of Cu and Ni in calcareous soil. *Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability*, 32(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2020.1813053

Zhou, M., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Vereecken, H., & Brüggemann, N. (2017). A meta-analysis of soil salinization effects on nitrogen pools, cycles and fluxes in coastal ecosystems. *Global Change Biology*, 23(3), 1338–1352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13430
List of abbreviations and definitions

<table><thead><tr><td>Abbreviation</td><td>Definition</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AMPA</td><td>Aminomethylphosphonic acid</td></tr><tr><td>BD</td><td>Bulk density</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>Carbon</td></tr><tr><td>CAP</td><td>Common Agricultural Policy</td></tr><tr><td>CH<sub>4</sub></td><td>Methane</td></tr><tr><td>CO<sub>2</sub></td><td>Carbon dioxide</td></tr><tr><td>CO<sub>2eq</sub></td><td>Carbon dioxide equivalent</td></tr><tr><td>DDT</td><td>Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane</td></tr><tr><td>DEMIS</td><td>Dynamic Erosion Model and Monitoring System</td></tr><tr><td>EC</td><td>European Commission</td></tr><tr><td>ECHO</td><td>Engaging Citizens in soil science: the road to Healthier soils</td></tr><tr><td>ECSA</td><td>European Citizen Science Association</td></tr><tr><td>EJP SOIL</td><td>European Joint Programme on Agricultural Soil Management</td></tr><tr><td>ES</td><td>Ecosystem Service</td></tr><tr><td>ESDAC</td><td>European Soil Data Centre</td></tr><tr><td>EEA</td><td>European Environment Agency</td></tr><tr><td>EU</td><td>European Union</td></tr><tr><td>EUROSTAT</td><td>European Statistical Office</td></tr><tr><td>EUSO</td><td>EU Soil Observatory</td></tr><tr><td>FAO</td><td>Food and Agricultural Organisation</td></tr><tr><td>FUA</td><td>Functional Urban Area</td></tr><tr><td>GAEC</td><td>Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><td>Abbreviation</td><td>Definition</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>GDP</td><td>Gross Domestic Product</td></tr><tr><td>GDPR</td><td>General Data Protection Regulation</td></tr><tr><td>GHG</td><td>Greenhouse gases</td></tr><tr><td>Gt</td><td>Gigatonnes</td></tr><tr><td>ICP Forest</td><td>International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution in Forests</td></tr><tr><td>IPCC</td><td>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</td></tr><tr><td>JRC</td><td>Joint Research Center</td></tr><tr><td>K</td><td>Potassium</td></tr><tr><td>Kg</td><td>Kilogram</td></tr><tr><td>LDN</td><td>Land degradation neutrality</td></tr><tr><td>LRD</td><td>Large-scale Reference Database</td></tr><tr><td>LUCAS</td><td>Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey</td></tr><tr><td>LULUCF</td><td>Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry</td></tr><tr><td>MAC</td><td>Maximum allowable concentrations</td></tr><tr><td>Mt</td><td>Million tonnes</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Nitrogen</td></tr><tr><td>N<sub>2</sub>O</td><td>Nitrous oxide</td></tr><tr><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>Ammonia</td></tr><tr><td>NOx</td><td>Nitrogen oxides</td></tr><tr><td>NRR</td><td>Regulation on Nature Restoration</td></tr><tr><td>P</td><td>Phosphorus</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Abbreviation</td><td>Definition</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>PAHs</td><td>Biphenyls polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</td></tr><tr><td>PCBs</td><td>Polychlorinated</td></tr><tr><td>PD</td><td>Packing Density</td></tr><tr><td>RMQS</td><td>Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols</td></tr><tr><td>RUSLE</td><td>Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation</td></tr><tr><td>RWEQ</td><td>Revised Wind Erosion Equation</td></tr><tr><td>SDGs</td><td>Sustainable Development Goals</td></tr><tr><td>SGU</td><td>Geological Survey of Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>SIC</td><td>Soil Inorganic Carbon</td></tr><tr><td>SLCH</td><td>Soil Loss due to Crop Harvesting</td></tr><tr><td>SLU</td><td>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><td>Abbreviation</td><td>Definition</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SMA</td><td>Spectral Mixture Analysis</td></tr><tr><td>SML</td><td>Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (Soil Monitoring Law)</td></tr><tr><td>SOC</td><td>Soil organic carbon</td></tr><tr><td>SOx</td><td>Sulphur oxides</td></tr><tr><td>UK</td><td>United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td>UNEP</td><td>United Nations Environment Programme</td></tr><tr><td>WAPHA</td><td>Water and Planetary Health Analytics</td></tr><tr><td>WEFE</td><td>Water, Energy, Food Security, and Ecosystems</td></tr><tr><td>WFD</td><td>Water Framework Directive</td></tr><tr><td>WRB</td><td>World Reference Base for Soil Resources</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Glossary

<table><thead><tr><td>Term</td><td>Definition</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Soil</td><td>The top layer of the Earth's crust situated between the bedrock and the land surface, which is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Ecosystem</td><td>A dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Ecosystem services</td><td>Contributions of ecosystems to the economic, social, cultural and other benefits that people derive from those ecosystems;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil health</td><td>The physical, chemical and biological condition of the soil determining its capacity to function as a vital living system and to provide ecosystem services;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Sustainable soil management</td><td>Soil management practices that maintain or enhance the ecosystem services provided by the soil without impairing the functions enabling those services, or being detrimental to other properties of the environment;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil management practices</td><td>Practices that impact the physical, chemical or biological qualities of a soil;</td><td>SML</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Term</td><td>Definition</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Managed soils</td><td>Soils where soil management practices are carried out;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil health assessment</td><td>The evaluation of the health of the soil based on the measurement or estimation of soil descriptors;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Contaminated site</td><td>A delineated area of one or several plots with confirmed presence of soil contamination caused by point-source anthropogenic activities;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil descriptor</td><td>A parameter describing a physical, chemical, or biological characteristic of soil health;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Land</td><td>The surface of the Earth that is not covered by water;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Land cover</td><td>The physical and biological cover of the earth's surface;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Natural land</td><td>An area where human activity has not substantially modified an area's primary ecological functions and species composition;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Semi-natural land</td><td>An area where ecological assemblages have been substantially modified in their composition, balance or function by human activities, but maintain potentially high value in terms of biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Artificial land</td><td>Land used as a platform for constructions and infrastructure or as a direct source of raw material or as archive for historic patrimony at the expense of the capacity of soils to provide other ecosystem services;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Land take</td><td>The conversion of natural and semi-natural land into artificial land;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer function</td><td>A mathematical rule that allows to convert the value of a measurement, performed using a methodology different from a reference methodology, into the value that would be obtained by performing the soil measurement using the reference methodology;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil contamination</td><td>The presence of a chemical or substance in the soil in a concentration that may be harmful to human health or the environment;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Contaminant</td><td>A substance liable to cause soil contamination;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Regeneration</td><td>An intentional activity aimed at reversing soil from degraded to healthy condition;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>The possibility of harmful effects to human health or the environment;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil remediation</td><td>A regeneration action that reduces, isolates or immobilises contaminant concentrations in the soil;</td><td>SML</td></tr><tr><td>Soil erosion</td><td>The wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, gravity or other natural or anthropogenic agents that abrade, detach and remove soil particles or rock material from one point on the earth's surface, for deposition elsewhere, including gravitational creep and so-called tillage erosion;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Term</td><td>Definition</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Acidification</td><td>Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH &lt; 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of industrial and vehicular pollutants);</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon cycle</td><td>Sequence of transformations whereby carbon dioxide is converted to organic forms by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, recycled through the biosphere (with partial incorporation into sediments), and ultimately returned to its original state through respiration or combustion;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Organic soil</td><td>A soil in which the sum of the thicknesses of layers comprising organic soil materials is generally greater than the sum of the thicknesses of mineral layers;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Peat</td><td>Organic soil material with more than 50% of organic matter derived from plant residues with not fully destroyed structure. Peat forms in a wet soil environment or below the water table where mineralisation of organic matter comes close to zero; a peat horizon or layer is normally more than 30 cm thick;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Peatland</td><td>A generic term for any wetland where partially decayed plant matter accumulates; mire, moor and muskeg are terms used for peatlands in Europe;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Saline soil</td><td>A non-sodic soil (see sodic soil) containing sufficient soluble salt to adversely affect the growth of most crop plants. The lower limit of electrical conductivity in the saturation extract of such soils is conventionally set at 4 dS m<sup>-1</sup>(at 25°C), though sensitive plants are affected at about half this salinity and highly tolerant ones at about twice this salinity;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Saline-sodic soil</td><td>Salt-affected soils with a high exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) greater than 15%, pH usually more than 8.5; in general, these soils are not suitable for agriculture;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Salt-affected soil</td><td>Soil that has been adversely affected by the presence of soluble salts, with or without high amounts of exchangeable sodium. See also saline soil, saline-sodic soil, and sodic soil;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Sodic soil</td><td>Soil with excess of sodium, pH is higher than 7, usually in the range 8 - 10, exchangeable sodium percentage, ESP &gt; 15 and very poor soil structure. These soils need special management and are not used for agriculture; non-sodic soils are without excess of sodium;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Soil degradation</td><td>Negative process often accelerated by human activities (improper soil use and cultivation practices, building areas) that leads to deterioration of soil properties and functions or destruction of soil as a whole, e.g. compaction, erosion, salinisation;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Soil fertility</td><td>A measure of the ability of soil to provide plants with sufficient amount of nutrients and water, and a suitable medium for root development to assure proper plant growth and maturity;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Soil monitoring</td><td>Repeated observation and measurement of selected soil properties and functions, mainly for studying changes in soil conditions;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Term</td><td>Definition</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Soil microorganisms</td><td>Represented by protozoa, viruses, bacteria, fungi and algae. The most prevalent are bacteria and fungi, and depending on conditions (water and nutrients content, temperature, etc.) they can be in an active or non-active state. According to nutrient (and oxygen) demand, micro-organisms are divided to autotropic and heterotrophic, (aerobic and anaerobic) groups. Micro-organisms are a good indicator of soil status and quality;</td><td>ESDAC</td></tr><tr><td>Threshold</td><td>Critical value at which lost soil functions have significant negative effects on the ecosystem services provided by soils. Thresholds are used to estimate whether soils can be considered in good condition or degraded;</td><td>EUSO</td></tr><tr><td>Excess of soil nutrients</td><td>Presence of nutrients in the soil that could potentially cause adverse effects on the soil, plant, animal and human health, and water quality;</td><td>FAO</td></tr><tr><td>Deficiencies of soil nutrients</td><td>Too low availability of soil nutrients that results in reduced plant health, crop productivity and the nutritional quality of food for human and animal consumption;</td><td>FAO</td></tr><tr><td>Nutrients imbalance</td><td>Incorrect land use and management (underuse, misuse and overuse of nutrients) may result in an excess of nutrient causing soil contamination and contributing to water quality deterioration and greenhouse gas emissions, or a lack of nutrients resulting in low soil fertility;</td><td>FAO</td></tr><tr><td>Soil biodiversity</td><td>The variety of life below ground, from genes and species to the communities they form, as well as the ecological complexes to which they contribute and to which they belong, from soil micro-habitats to landscapes;</td><td>FAO</td></tr><tr><td>Habitat provision</td><td>Refers to the capacity of soil to create and sustain suitable habitats for a wide range of organisms, including microorganisms, plants, and animals. It encompasses the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil environment that enable the establishment and maintenance of diverse communities;</td><td>BENCHMARKS</td></tr><tr><td>Soil threat</td><td>A process that could degrade (some of) the functions of soils and the services that soils provide. Examples of soil threats are: acidification, compaction, contamination (pollution), decline in soil organic matter, decline in soil biodiversity, desertification, erosion, flooding and water logging, landslides, salinisation;</td><td>BENCHMARKS</td></tr><tr><td>Soil condition</td><td>Refers to the state of the soil, which includes its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and the processes and interactions that connect them; and which in turn determine the capacity of the soil to support ecosystem services;</td><td>BENCHMARKS</td></tr><tr><td>Cultural</td><td>All the non-material, and normally non-rival and non-consumptive, outputs of ecosystems (biotic and abiotic) that affect physical and mental states of people. Examples: aesthetic experience, symbolic or religious/sacred meaning, existence value, enter-tainment, education/knowledge;</td><td>(Haines-Young & Potschin, 2018)</td></tr></tbody></table>
## List of boxes

<table><tr><td>Box 1: War-induced soil degradation</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Box 2: Use of remote sensing and <sup>137</sup>Cs for gully erosion research in Malčanska River Basin, Eastern Serbia</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Box 3: Estimating sediment removal costs from the reservoirs of the EU</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Box 4: Assessment of the impact of military activities on soil quality in Ukraine</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Box 5: Coastal vulnerability and groundwater salinisation in Türkiye: Implications and solutions</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Box 6: Soil sealing maps of Flanders</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Box 7: Annual land take maps of Italy</td><td>74</td></tr></table>

## List of figures

<table><tr><td>Figure 1: Major soil types in Europe, based on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources classification.</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 2: The N surpluses (inputs minus offtake by crops) for agricultural land across the EU and the United Kingdom.</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 3: Current P inputs for a P-Olsen threshold of 30 mg kg<sup>-1</sup></td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4: Soil pH, measured in H<sub>2</sub>O, in EU and UK soils</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 5: Difference in soil pH (ΔpH) measured in H<sub>2</sub>O for LUCAS topsoil samples collected in 2009 and 2018</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6: Spatial distribution of the median change in SOC content (ΔSOCs q0.50) at 0–20 cm soil depth, 2009–2018</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 7: Assessment of different types of erosion processes (water erosion, wind erosion, tillage erosion, soil loss by crop harvesting) occurring in agricultural lands in the EU and United Kingdom.</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 8: Future trends in water and wind erosion across agricultural landscapes in the EU and United Kingdom</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 9: Use of PD as a proxy for soil compaction to identify hotspots where soils are highly compacted.</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 10: Compilation of soil pollution assessments at the EU level, showing indicators of diffuse pollution: (a) cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc (combined); (b) heavy metal exceedance of sewage sludge limits; (c) pesticide residues and point-source pollution; and (d) active and inactive mine sites</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 11: Saline and sodic soils map for the EU-27 showing the area distribution of saline, sodic and potentially salt-affected areas, 2008</td><td>63</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Figure box 5: Location of the study area. Samsun Bafra Kızılırmak Delta.</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 12: Distribution of potential risks to soil biodiversity groups (i.e., soil microorganisms, soil fauna) and soil biological functions in the European Union + UK</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Figure box 7: Land take changes (2006-2022) for Italy.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Figure 13: LUCAS Survey procedure</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 14: Soil degradation processes included in the EUSO Soil Degradation Dashboard</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 15: Convergence of evidence map of the EUSO Soil Degradation Dashboard. The map shows where current scientific evidence convergences to indicate areas that are likely to be affected by soil degradation. Currently, 18 soil degradation processes are included</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 16: Combination of soil degradation factors by area</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 17: Roadmap towards assessing soil health in the EU until 2030 to achieve the Green Deal objectives.</td><td>97</td></tr></table>

## List of photos

<table><tr><td>Photo 1: Food and Futures</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Photo 2: Soil sealing through urban expansion</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Photos box 1: Soil degradation caused by the war in Ukraine</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Photo 3: Impacts of fire on the landscape in Serra da Estrela, Portugal</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Photo 4: Peat profile</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Photo box 3: Sediment build up in Val Formaza, Italy</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Photos box 4: The impact of war on soil</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Photo 5: Citizen engagement</td><td>93</td></tr></table>

## List of tables

<table><tr><td>Table 1: Drivers of changes in communities of the main groups of soil organisms. The top three driving factors (1 to 3) are shown; see source publications for additional details.<br/>C, carbon; temp., temperature</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Table 2: LUCAS's integration in Member States and research bodies, including in soil monitoring systems, research programmes (e.g. the European joint programme on agricultural soil management) and data harmonisation efforts across the EU</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Table 3: Soil degradation and their impacts</td><td>90</td></tr></table>
Authors' affiliations (alphabetic order)

<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Akca</td><td>Erhan</td><td>Technical Sciences Vocational School, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Aldrian</td><td>Ulrike</td><td>Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department Statistics and Analytical Epidemiology, Graz, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>Alewell</td><td>Christine</td><td>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Anzalone</td><td>Erlisiana</td><td>Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Arcidiacono</td><td>Andrea</td><td>Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Arias-Navarro</td><td>Cristina</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Auclerc</td><td>Apolline</td><td>Université de Lorraine, France</td></tr><tr><td>Aydinsakir</td><td>Koksal</td><td>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM), Antalya, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Ballabio</td><td>Cristiano</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Balog</td><td>Kitti</td><td>HUNREN, Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences, Budapest, Hungary</td></tr><tr><td>Baragaño</td><td>Diego</td><td>Carbon Science and Technology Institute, INCARCSIC, Asturias, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Baritz</td><td>Rainer</td><td>European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>Beltrandi</td><td>Daniele</td><td>Fincons group, Italy srl.</td></tr><tr><td>Bernatek-Jakiel</td><td>Anita</td><td>Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland</td></tr><tr><td>Bøe</td><td>Frederik</td><td>Department of Soil and Land Use, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO); Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Netherlands.</td></tr><tr><td>Borrelli</td><td>Pasquale</td><td>Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Breure</td><td>Timo</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Briones</td><td>Maria J.I.</td><td>Dept. Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Broothaerts</td><td>Nils</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Burton</td><td>Victoria J</td><td>Centre for UK Nature, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td>Buttafuoco</td><td>Gabriele</td><td>National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Rende CS, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Cagnarini</td><td>Claudia</td><td>Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Cherlinka</td><td>Vasyl</td><td>Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia</td></tr><tr><td>Chevallier</td><td>Tiphaine</td><td>IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France</td></tr><tr><td>De La Torre</td><td>Ana</td><td>Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), INIA/CSIC. Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>De Medici</td><td>Daniela</td><td>Seidor Italy srl.</td></tr><tr><td>De Rosa</td><td>Daniele</td><td>School of Agriculture, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Di Lonardo</td><td>Sara</td><td>National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Dmytruk</td><td>Yuriy</td><td>Higher educational institution «Podillia State University», Kamianets Podilskyi, Ukraine</td></tr><tr><td>Dragovic</td><td>Snezana</td><td>"VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</td></tr><tr><td>Erpul</td><td>Gunay</td><td>Ankara University, Republic of Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Evrard</td><td>Olivier</td><td>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France</td></tr><tr><td>Frank</td><td>Stefan</td><td>Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Thünen, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>García Franco</td><td>Noelia</td><td>Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Gascuel</td><td>Chantal</td><td>French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, France</td></tr><tr><td>Gezgin</td><td>Sait</td><td>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Hackenberger</td><td>Davorka K.</td><td>Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia</td></tr><tr><td>Havenga</td><td>Christopher</td><td>Seidor Italy srl.</td></tr><tr><td>Hinsinger</td><td>Philippe</td><td>Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France</td></tr><tr><td>Jones</td><td>Arwyn</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Kaya</td><td>Fuat</td><td>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Köninger</td><td>Julia</td><td>Dept. Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Labouyrie</td><td>Maëva</td><td>Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Lamandé</td><td>Mathieu</td><td>Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>Liakos</td><td>Leonidas</td><td>UNISYSTEMS, Luxembourg</td></tr><tr><td>Lugato</td><td>Emanuele</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Madenoglu</td><td>Sevinc</td><td>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM), Ankara, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Martin Jimenez</td><td>Juan</td><td>Seidor Italy srl</td></tr><tr><td>Mason</td><td>Eloise</td><td>French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, France</td></tr><tr><td>Matthews</td><td>Francis</td><td>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Maurischat</td><td>Philipp</td><td>Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Melpomeni</td><td>Zoka</td><td>Operational Unit “BEYOND Centre for Earth Observation Research and Satellite Remote Sensing”, Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece</td></tr><tr><td>Mimmo</td><td>Tanja</td><td>Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Monokrousos</td><td>Nikolaos</td><td>University Center of International Programmes of Studies, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Moreno Jimenez</td><td>Eduardo</td><td>Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Munafò</td><td>Michele</td><td>Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Orgiazzi</td><td>Alberto</td><td>European Dynamics, Brussels, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Ortas</td><td>Ibrahim</td><td>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Ozcan</td><td>Hesna</td><td>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM), Ankara, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Oztas</td><td>Taskin</td><td>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Panagos</td><td>Panos</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Peiro</td><td>Alba</td><td>Ibercivis Foundation, Campus Río Ebro, I+D C, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Piccini</td><td>Chiara</td><td>CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Poch</td><td>Rosa M</td><td>Dept of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Poeplau</td><td>Christopher</td><td>Thünen-Institut für Agrarklimaschutz, Thünen, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Poesen</td><td>Jean</td><td>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, UMCS, Poland</td></tr><tr><td>Polat</td><td>Atilla</td><td>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Soil Fertilizer and Water Resources Research Institute, Ankara, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Reiff</td><td>Tanja</td><td>Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Rienks</td><td>Froukje</td><td>Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>Romanova</td><td>Svitlana</td><td>Soil protection Institute of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine</td></tr><tr><td>Ronchi</td><td>Silvia</td><td>Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Ros</td><td>Gerard</td><td>Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Sabri Ozturk</td><td>Hasan</td><td>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Saggau</td><td>Philipp</td><td>Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Salata</td><td>Stefano</td><td>Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Sandén</td><td>Taru</td><td>Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Vienna, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>Sanz</td><td>Francisco</td><td>Ibercivis Foundation, Campus Río Ebro, I+D C, Zaragoza, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Scammacca</td><td>Ottone</td><td>UMR Prodig, CNRS, Université Paris 1: Panthéon-Sorbonne, IRD, AgroParisTech, Aubervilliers, France - French Guiana</td></tr><tr><td>Scarpa</td><td>Simone</td><td>European Dynamics, Brussels, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Schillaci</td><td>Calogero</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Serpa</td><td>Dalila</td><td>Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal</td></tr><tr><td>Silva</td><td>Vera</td><td>Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.</td></tr><tr><td>Sonmez</td><td>Bulent</td><td>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TA-GEM), Ankara, Türkiye</td></tr><tr><td>Spalevic</td><td>Velibor</td><td>University of Montenegro, Biotechnical faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro</td></tr><tr><td>Van Der Heijden</td><td>Marcel</td><td>Plant-Soil Interactions group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland & Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Van Eynde</td><td>Elise</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Van Liedekerke</td><td>Marc</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Vanmaercke</td><td>Matthias</td><td>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Vidojević</td><td>Dragana</td><td>Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, Department for Indicators and Reporting, Republic of Serbia</td></tr><tr><td>Vieira</td><td>Diana</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Virto</td><td>Iñigo</td><td>Department of Science (Soil Science), IS-FOOD, Public University of Navarre, Spain</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><td>Surname</td><td>Name</td><td>Affiliation</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Wojda</td><td>Piort</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Yunta</td><td>Felipe</td><td>European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Zdruli</td><td>Pandi</td><td>International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM) Mediterranean Agro-nomic Institute of Bari, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Zhang</td><td>Chaosheng</td><td>International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, University of Galway, Ireland</td></tr><tr><td>Zupanc</td><td>Vesna</td><td>University of Ljubljana, Slovenia</td></tr></tbody></table>

THE STATE OF SOILS IN EUROPE
# Getting in touch with the EU

## In person

All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct centres. You can find the address of the centre nearest you online (european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/meet-us_en).

## On the phone or in writing

Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service:

- by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls),

- at the following standard number: +32 22999696,

- via the following form: european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/write-us_en.

# Finding information about the EU

## Online

Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website (european-union.europa.eu).

## EU publications

You can view or order EU publications at op.europa.eu/en/publications. Multiple copies of free publications can be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local documentation centre (european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/meet-us_en).

## EU law and related documents

For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex (eur-lex.europa.eu).

## EU open data

The portal data.europa.eu provides access to open datasets from the EU institutions, bodies and agencies. These can be downloaded and reused for free, for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. The portal also provides access to a wealth of datasets from European countries.
THE STATE OF
SOILS IN EUROPE
Science for policy

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides
independent, evidence-based knowledge
and science, supporting EU policies to
positively impact society

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>

EU Science Hub
joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu