Two CPD points are awarded for the correct completion and submission of the questions below.

CPD questionnaires must be completed online via www.cpdjournals.org.za.

After submission you can check the answers and print your certificate.

Questions may be answered up to 6 months after publication of each issue.

This programme is available free of charge to members of the HIV Clinicians Society and SAMA only.

1. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: The immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) typically occurs late in antiretroviral therapy.

2. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: IRIS is a typical manifestation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) commencement in early HIV infection in pregnant women.

3. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious IRIS manifestation.

4. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: In regions where highly active antiretroviral therapy is offered in pregnancy regardless of maternal CD4 count, vertical HIV transmission has almost disappeared.

5. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: TB colitis may be an extrapulmonary complication of HIV/ TB co-infection.

6. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Abdominal ultrasound is a useful investigation in HIV patients with abdominal symptoms.

7. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection is only seen in patients with well-preserved immunity.

8. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Soluble transferrin receptor levels are low in patients with iron deficiency anaemia.

9. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Transferrin levels are usually low in anaemia of chronic disorders.

10. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: *Mycobacterium avium* complex is a non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection that occurs most commonly in the duodenum in gastro-intestinal infections.

11. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: *Pneumocystis jirovecii* is an important protozoal opportunistic infection in HIV.

12. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: The Grocott-Gomori methamine-silver stain is useful for identifying non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

13. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Treatment for *P. jirovecii* may involve atovaquone.

14. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: South Africa has a Traditional Health Practitioners Act (No. 22 of 2007) that requires registration by traditional healers.

15. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: In the study discussed in this journal, most traditional healers kept careful records of each of the treatment packages they prepared themselves.

16. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: A person engaging in potentially high-risk sexual activity as indicated on the South African National Blood Service questionnaire is deferred from blood donation for 6 months.

17. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: South Africa is a country where men who have sex with men may not donate blood.

18. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: Tablet returns may be a potential way of introducing adherence conversations with patients on ART.

19. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: A haemoglobin level below 8 g/dl in an HIV-infected patient is probably due to anaemia of chronic disorders.

20. True (A) or false (B) - click on the correct answer: The Ziehl-Neelsen stain will show intracellular acid-fast bacilli in an *M. avium* complex infection.