Protein: GSDMD_HUMAN
Sequence: MGSAFERVVRRVVQELDHGGEFIPVTSLQSSTGFQPYCLVVRKPSSSWFWKPRYKCVNLSIKDILEPDAAEPDVQRGRSFHFYDAMDGQIQGSVELAAPGQAKIAGGAAVSDSSSTSMNVYSLSVDPNTWQTLLHERHLRQPEHKVLQQLRSRGDNVYVVTEVLQTQKEVEVTRTHKREGSGRFSLPGATCLQGEGQGHLSQKKTVTIPSGSTLAFRVAQLVIDSDLDVLLFPDKKQRTFQPPATGHKRSTSEGAWPQLPSGLSMMRCLHNFLTDGVPAEGAFTEDFQGLRAEVETISKELELLDRELCQLLLEGLEGVLRDQLALRALEEALEQGQSLGPVEPLDGPAGAVLECLVLSSGMLVPELAIPVVYLLGALTMLSETQHKLLAEALESQTLLGPLELVGSLLEQSAPWQERSTMSLPPGLLGNSWGEGAPAWVLLDECGLELGEDTPHVCWEPQAQGRMCALYASLALLSGLSQEPH
What is the function of this protein?
Promotes pyroptosis in response to microbial infection and danger signals (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:27418190, PubMed:28392147, PubMed:32820063).  Produced by the cleavage of gasdermin-D by inflammatory caspases CASP1, CASP4 or CASP5 in response to canonical, as well as non-canonical (such as cytosolic LPS) inflammasome activators (PubMed:26375003, PubMed:26375259, PubMed:27418190).  After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane where it strongly binds to inner leaflet lipids, including monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, bisphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate, as well as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-bisphosphate, and more weakly to phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine (PubMed:27281216, PubMed:29898893, PubMed:36227980).  Homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10-15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, allowing the release of mature interleukin-1 (IL1B and IL18) and triggering pyroptosis (PubMed:27418190, PubMed:27281216, PubMed:29898893, PubMed:33883744).  Gasdermin pores also allow the release of mature caspase-7 (CASP7) (By similarity).  Exhibits bactericidal activity (PubMed:27281216).  Gasdermin-D, N-terminal released from pyroptotic cells into the extracellular milieu rapidly binds to and kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, without harming neighboring mammalian cells, as it does not disrupt the plasma membrane from the outside due to lipid-binding specificity (PubMed:27281216).  Under cell culture conditions, also active against intracellular bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes (By similarity).  Also active in response to MAP3K7/TAK1 inactivation by Yersinia toxin YopJ, which triggers cleavage by CASP8 and subsequent activation (By similarity).  Strongly binds to bacterial and mitochondrial lipids, including cardiolipin (PubMed:27281216).  Does not bind to unphosphorylated phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine nor phosphatidylcholine (PubMed:27281216).
What are the official names of this protein?
Gasdermin-D, Gasdermin domain-containing protein 1.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the gasdermin family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
[Gasdermin-D]: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Inflammasome. Note=In response to a canonical inflammasome stimulus, such as nigericin, recruited to NLRP3 inflammasone with similar kinetics to that of uncleaved CASP1 precursor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gasdermin-D, N-terminal]: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Secreted. Note=Released in the extracellular milieu following pyroptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gasdermin-D, C-terminal]: Cytoplasm, cytosol.