Protein: RAF1_RAT
Sequence: MEHIQGAWKTISNGFGLKDAVFDGSSCISPTIVQQFGYQRRASDDGKLTDSSKTSNTIRVFLPNKQRTVVNVRNGMSLHDCLMKALKVRGLQPECCAVFRLLQEHKGKKARLDWNTDAASLIGEELQVDFLDHVPLTTHNFARKTFLKLAFCDICQKFLLNGFRCQTCGYKFHEHCSTKVPTMCVDWSNIRQLLLFPNSTASDSGVPAPPSFTMRRMRESVSRMPASSQHRYSTPHAFTFNTSSPSSEGSLSQRQRSTSTPNVHMVSTTLPVDSRMIEDAIRSHSESASPSALSSSPNNLSPTGWSQPKTPVPAQRERAPGSGTQEKNKIRPRGQRDSSYYWEIEASEVMLSTRIGSGSFGTVYKGKWHGDVAVKILKVVDPTPEQLQAFRNEVAVLRKTRHVNILLFMGYMTKDNLAIVTQWCEGSSLYKHLHVQETKFQMFQLIDIARQTAQGMDYLHAKNIIHRDMKSNNIFLHEGLTVKIGDFGLATVKSRWSGSQQVEQPTGSVLWMAPEVIRMQDNNPFSFQSDVYSYGIVLYELMTGELPYSHINNRDQIIFMVGRGYASPDLSRLYKNCPKAMKRLVADCVKKVKEERPLFPQILSSIELLQHSLPKINRSASEPSLHRAAHTEDINACTLTTSPRLPVF
What is the function of this protein?
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation.  RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2).  The phosphorylated form of RAF1 (on residues Ser-338 and Ser-339, by PAK1) phosphorylates BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death at 'Ser-75'.  Phosphorylates adenylyl cyclases: ADCY2, ADCY5 and ADCY6, resulting in their activation.  Phosphorylates PPP1R12A resulting in inhibition of the phosphatase activity.  Can promote NF-kB activation and inhibit signal transducers involved in motility (ROCK2), apoptosis (MAP3K5/ASK1 and STK3/MST2), proliferation and angiogenesis (RB1).  Can protect cells from apoptosis also by translocating to the mitochondria where it binds BCL2 and displaces BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death.  Regulates Rho signaling and migration, and is required for normal wound healing.  Plays a role in the oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells via repression of the TJ protein, occludin (OCLN) by inducing the up-regulation of a transcriptional repressor SNAI2/SLUG, which induces down-regulation of OCLN.  Restricts caspase activation in response to selected stimuli, notably Fas stimulation, pathogen-mediated macrophage apoptosis, and erythroid differentiation (By similarity).  Phosphorylates TNNT2/cardiac muscle troponin T.
What are the official names of this protein?
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, Proto-oncogene c-RAF, cRaf, Raf-1.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Mitochondrion. Nucleus. Note=Colocalizes with RGS14 and BRAF in both the cytoplasm and membranes. Phosphorylation at Ser-259 impairs its membrane accumulation. Recruited to the cell membrane by the active Ras protein. Phosphorylation at Ser-338 and Ser-339 by PAK1 is required for its mitochondrial localization. Retinoic acid-induced Ser-621 phosphorylated form of RAF1 is predominantly localized at the nucleus (By similarity).