Protein: OPRM_RAT
Sequence: MDSSTGPGNTSDCSDPLAQASCSPAPGSWLNLSHVDGNQSDPCGLNRTGLGGNDSLCPQTGSPSMVTAITIMALYSIVCVVGLFGNFLVMYVIVRYTKMKTATNIYIFNLALADALATSTLPFQSVNYLMGTWPFGTILCKIVISIDYYNMFTSIFTLCTMSVDRYIAVCHPVKALDFRTPRNAKIVNVCNWILSSAIGLPVMFMATTKYRQGSIDCTLTFSHPTWYWENLLKICVFIFAFIMPVLIITVCYGLMILRLKSVRMLSGSKEKDRNLRRITRMVLVVVAVFIVCWTPIHIYVIIKALITIPETTFQTVSWHFCIALGYTNSCLNPVLYAFLDENFKRCFREFCIPTSSTIEQQNSTRVRQNTREHPSTANTVDRTNHQLENLEAETAPLP
What is the function of this protein?
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin (PubMed:15944153, PubMed:16682964, PubMed:1846076, PubMed:21292762, PubMed:7595566, PubMed:7678862, PubMed:8051154, PubMed:8240812, PubMed:8393525, PubMed:9224819, PubMed:9572309, PubMed:11060299, PubMed:17384143, PubMed:18558479, PubMed:17947509).  Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone (PubMed:15944153, PubMed:16682964, PubMed:1846076, PubMed:21292762, PubMed:7595566, PubMed:7678862, PubMed:8051154, PubMed:8240812, PubMed:8393525, PubMed:9224819, PubMed:9572309, PubMed:11060299, PubMed:17384143, PubMed:18558479, PubMed:17947509).  Also activated by enkephalin peptides, such as Met-enkephalin or Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, with higher affinity for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (PubMed:8624732).  Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors (PubMed:9224819, PubMed:16682964).  The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15 (PubMed:9224819, PubMed:9572309).  They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:7595566, PubMed:15944153, PubMed:21292762, PubMed:9572309).  Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins (PubMed:7595566).  The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4.  Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization (PubMed:11060299, PubMed:17384143, PubMed:18558479, PubMed:17947509).  Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction.  The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins.  The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation (PubMed:11278523, PubMed:11896051, PubMed:15944153).  Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling.  Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling (PubMed:11060299, PubMed:17384143, PubMed:18558479, PubMed:17947509).  Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling.  Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties (PubMed:17384143, PubMed:16682964).
What are the official names of this protein?
Mu-type opioid receptor, M-OR-1, MOR-1, Opioid receptor B.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell projection, axon. Perikaryon. Cell projection, dendrite. Endosome. Note=Is rapidly internalized after agonist binding.