Protein: AURKB_HUMAN
Sequence: MAQKENSYPWPYGRQTAPSGLSTLPQRVLRKEPVTPSALVLMSRSNVQPTAAPGQKVMENSSGTPDILTRHFTIDDFEIGRPLGKGKFGNVYLAREKKSHFIVALKVLFKSQIEKEGVEHQLRREIEIQAHLHHPNILRLYNYFYDRRRIYLILEYAPRGELYKELQKSCTFDEQRTATIMEELADALMYCHGKKVIHRDIKPENLLLGLKGELKIADFGWSVHAPSLRRKTMCGTLDYLPPEMIEGRMHNEKVDLWCIGVLCYELLVGNPPFESASHNETYRRIVKVDLKFPASVPMGAQDLISKLLRHNPSERLPLAQVSAHPWVRANSRRVLPPSALQSVA
What is the function of this protein?
Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis (PubMed:11516652, PubMed:12925766, PubMed:14610074, PubMed:14722118).  The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly (PubMed:11516652, PubMed:12925766, PubMed:14610074, PubMed:14722118, PubMed:26829474).  Involved in the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores and is a key regulator for the onset of cytokinesis during mitosis (PubMed:15249581).  Required for central/midzone spindle assembly and cleavage furrow formation (PubMed:12458200, PubMed:12686604).  Key component of the cytokinesis checkpoint, a process required to delay abscission to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of DNA damage: phosphorylates CHMP4C, leading to retain abscission-competent VPS4 (VPS4A and/or VPS4B) at the midbody ring until abscission checkpoint signaling is terminated at late cytokinesis (PubMed:22422861, PubMed:24814515).  AURKB phosphorylates the CPC complex subunits BIRC5/survivin, CDCA8/borealin and INCENP (PubMed:11516652, PubMed:12925766, PubMed:14610074).  Phosphorylation of INCENP leads to increased AURKB activity (PubMed:11516652, PubMed:12925766, PubMed:14610074).  Other known AURKB substrates involved in centromeric functions and mitosis are CENPA, DES/desmin, GPAF, KIF2C, NSUN2, RACGAP1, SEPTIN1, VIM/vimentin, HASPIN, and histone H3 (PubMed:11784863, PubMed:12689593, PubMed:14602875, PubMed:11856369, PubMed:16103226, PubMed:21658950, PubMed:11756469).  A positive feedback loop involving HASPIN and AURKB contributes to localization of CPC to centromeres (PubMed:21658950).  Phosphorylation of VIM controls vimentin filament segregation in cytokinetic process, whereas histone H3 is phosphorylated at 'Ser-10' and 'Ser-28' during mitosis (H3S10ph and H3S28ph, respectively) (PubMed:11784863, PubMed:11856369).  AURKB is also required for kinetochore localization of BUB1 and SGO1 (PubMed:15020684, PubMed:17617734).  Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 negatively regulates its transcriptional activity (PubMed:20959462).  Key regulator of active promoters in resting B- and T-lymphocytes: acts by mediating phosphorylation of H3S28ph at active promoters in resting B-cells, inhibiting RNF2/RING1B-mediated ubiquitination of histone H2A and enhancing binding and activity of the USP16 deubiquitinase at transcribed genes (By similarity).  Acts as an inhibitor of CGAS during mitosis: catalyzes phosphorylation of the N-terminus of CGAS during the G2-M transition, blocking CGAS liquid phase separation and activation, and thereby preventing CGAS-induced autoimmunity (PubMed:33542149).  Phosphorylates KRT5 during anaphase and telophase (By similarity).
What are the official names of this protein?
Aurora kinase B, Aurora 1, Aurora- and IPL1-like midbody-associated protein 1, AIM-1, Aurora/IPL1-related kinase 2, ARK-2, Aurora-related kinase 2, STK-1, Serine/threonine-protein kinase 12, Serine/threonine-protein kinase 5, Serine/threonine-protein kinase aurora-B.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Nucleus. Chromosome. Chromosome, centromere. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Midbody. Note=Localizes on chromosome arms and inner centromeres from prophase through metaphase and then transferring to the spindle midzone and midbody from anaphase through cytokinesis (PubMed:20929775). Colocalized with gamma tubulin in the midbody (PubMed:17726514). Proper localization of the active, Thr-232- phosphorylated form during metaphase may be dependent upon interaction with SPDYC (PubMed:20605920). Colocalized with SIRT2 during cytokinesis with the midbody (PubMed:17726514). Localization (and probably targeting of the CPC) to the inner centromere occurs predominantly in regions with overlapping mitosis-specific histone phosphorylations H3pT3 and H2ApT12 (PubMed:20929775).