Protein: NSUN2_HUMAN
Sequence: MGRRSRGRRLQQQQRPEDAEDGAEGGGKRGEAGWEGGYPEIVKENKLFEHYYQELKIVPEGEWGQFMDALREPLPATLRITGYKSHAKEILHCLKNKYFKELEDLEVDGQKVEVPQPLSWYPEELAWHTNLSRKILRKSPHLEKFHQFLVSETESGNISRQEAVSMIPPLLLNVRPHHKILDMCAAPGSKTTQLIEMLHADMNVPFPEGFVIANDVDNKRCYLLVHQAKRLSSPCIMVVNHDASSIPRLQIDVDGRKEILFYDRILCDVPCSGDGTMRKNIDVWKKWTTLNSLQLHGLQLRIATRGAEQLAEGGRMVYSTCSLNPIEDEAVIASLLEKSEGALELADVSNELPGLKWMPGITQWKVMTKDGQWFTDWDAVPHSRHTQIRPTMFPPKDPEKLQAMHLERCLRILPHHQNTGGFFVAVLVKKSSMPWNKRQPKLQGKSAETRESTQLSPADLTEGKPTDPSKLESPSFTGTGDTEIAHATEDLENNGSKKDGVCGPPPSKKMKLFGFKEDPFVFIPEDDPLFPPIEKFYALDPSFPRMNLLTRTTEGKKRQLYMVSKELRNVLLNNSEKMKVINTGIKVWCRNNSGEEFDCAFRLAQEGIYTLYPFINSRIITVSMEDVKILLTQENPFFRKLSSETYSQAKDLAKGSIVLKYEPDSANPDALQCPIVLCGWRGKASIRTFVPKNERLHYLRMMGLEVLGEKKKEGVILTNESAASTGQPDNDVTEGQRAGEPNSPDAEEANSPDVTAGCDPAGVHPPR
What is the function of this protein?
RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase that methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, such as tRNAs, mRNAs and some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (PubMed:17071714, PubMed:22995836, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:31199786).  Involved in various processes, such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, testis differentiation and maternal to zygotic transition during early development: acts by increasing protein synthesis; cytosine C(5)-methylation promoting tRNA stability and preventing mRNA decay (PubMed:31199786).  Methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at positions 34 and 48 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) precursors, and at positions 48, 49 and 50 of tRNA(Gly)(GCC) precursors (PubMed:17071714, PubMed:22995836, PubMed:31199786).  tRNA methylation is required generation of RNA fragments derived from tRNAs (tRFs) (PubMed:31199786).  Also mediates C(5)-methylation of mitochondrial tRNAs (PubMed:31276587).  Catalyzes cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs, leading to stabilize them and prevent mRNA decay: mRNA stabilization involves YBX1 that specifically recognizes and binds m5C-modified transcripts (PubMed:22395603, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:34556860).  Cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs also regulates mRNA export: methylated transcripts are specifically recognized by THOC4/ALYREF, which mediates mRNA nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (PubMed:28418038).  Also mediates cytosine C(5)-methylation of non-coding RNAs, such as vault RNAs (vtRNAs), promoting their processing into regulatory small RNAs (PubMed:23871666).  Cytosine C(5)-methylation of vtRNA VTRNA1. 1 promotes its processing into small-vault RNA4 (svRNA4) and regulates epidermal differentiation (PubMed:31186410).  May act downstream of Myc to regulate epidermal cell growth and proliferation (By similarity).  Required for proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, independently of its methyltransferase activity (PubMed:19596847).
What are the official names of this protein?
RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2, Myc-induced SUN domain-containing protein, Misu, NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2, Substrate of AIM1/Aurora kinase B, mRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase, tRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase, tRNA methyltransferase 4 homolog, hTrm4.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family. TRM4 subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Nucleus, nucleolus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Secreted, extracellular exosome. Note=Concentrated in the nucleolus during interphase and translocates to the spindle during mitosis as an RNA-protein complex that includes 18S ribosomal RNA (PubMed:19596847). In testis, localizes to the chromatoid body (By similarity).