Protein: TBK1_HUMAN
Sequence: MQSTSNHLWLLSDILGQGATANVFRGRHKKTGDLFAIKVFNNISFLRPVDVQMREFEVLKKLNHKNIVKLFAIEEETTTRHKVLIMEFCPCGSLYTVLEEPSNAYGLPESEFLIVLRDVVGGMNHLRENGIVHRDIKPGNIMRVIGEDGQSVYKLTDFGAARELEDDEQFVSLYGTEEYLHPDMYERAVLRKDHQKKYGATVDLWSIGVTFYHAATGSLPFRPFEGPRRNKEVMYKIITGKPSGAISGVQKAENGPIDWSGDMPVSCSLSRGLQVLLTPVLANILEADQEKCWGFDQFFAETSDILHRMVIHVFSLQQMTAHKIYIHSYNTATIFHELVYKQTKIISSNQELIYEGRRLVLEPGRLAQHFPKTTEENPIFVVSREPLNTIGLIYEKISLPKVHPRYDLDGDASMAKAITGVVCYACRIASTLLLYQELMRKGIRWLIELIKDDYNETVHKKTEVVITLDFCIRNIEKTVKVYEKLMKINLEAAELGEISDIHTKLLRLSSSQGTIETSLQDIDSRLSPGGSLADAWAHQEGTHPKDRNVEKLQVLLNCMTEIYYQFKKDKAERRLAYNEEQIHKFDKQKLYYHATKAMTHFTDECVKKYEAFLNKSEEWIRKMLHLRKQLLSLTNQCFDIEEEVSKYQEYTNELQETLPQKMFTASSGIKHTMTPIYPSSNTLVEMTLGMKKLKEEMEGVVKELAENNHILERFGSLTMDGGLRNVDCL
What is the function of this protein?
Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents (PubMed:12692549, PubMed:14703513, PubMed:18583960, PubMed:12702806, PubMed:15367631, PubMed:10581243, PubMed:11839743, PubMed:15485837, PubMed:21138416, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:23453971, PubMed:23453972, PubMed:23746807, PubMed:26611359, PubMed:32404352).  Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X (PubMed:12692549, PubMed:14703513, PubMed:18583960, PubMed:12702806, PubMed:15367631, PubMed:25636800).  This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB (PubMed:12702806, PubMed:15367631, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:32972995).  In order to establish such an antiviral state, TBK1 form several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli (PubMed:23453971, PubMed:23453972, PubMed:23746807).  Plays a key role in IRF3 activation: acts by first phosphorylating innate adapter proteins MAVS, STING1 and TICAM1 on their pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment of IRF3, thereby licensing IRF3 for phosphorylation by TBK1 (PubMed:25636800, PubMed:30842653).  Phosphorylated IRF3 dissociates from the adapter proteins, dimerizes, and then enters the nucleus to induce expression of interferons (PubMed:25636800).  Thus, several scaffolding molecules including FADD, TRADD, MAVS, AZI2, TANK or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the TBK1-containing-complexes (PubMed:21931631).  Under particular conditions, functions as a NF-kappa-B effector by phosphorylating NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha/NFKBIA, IKBKB or RELA to translocate NF-Kappa-B to the nucleus (PubMed:10783893, PubMed:15489227).  Restricts bacterial proliferation by phosphorylating the autophagy receptor OPTN/Optineurin on 'Ser-177', thus enhancing LC3 binding affinity and antibacterial autophagy (PubMed:21617041).  Phosphorylates SMCR8 component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, promoting autophagosome maturation (PubMed:27103069).  Phosphorylates ATG8 proteins MAP1LC3C and GABARAPL2, thereby preventing their delipidation and premature removal from nascent autophagosomes (PubMed:31709703).  Phosphorylates and activates AKT1 (PubMed:21464307).  Seems to play a role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity (By similarity).  Attenuates retroviral budding by phosphorylating the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I) subunit VPS37C (PubMed:21270402).  Phosphorylates Borna disease virus (BDV) P protein (PubMed:16155125).  Plays an essential role in the TLR3- and IFN-dependent control of herpes virus HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in the central nervous system (PubMed:22851595).
What are the official names of this protein?
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1, NF-kappa-B-activating kinase, T2K, TANK-binding kinase 1.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. I-kappa-B kinase subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cytoplasm. Note=Upon mitogen stimulation or triggering of the immune system, TBK1 is recruited to the exocyst by EXOC2.