Protein: AAPK2_MOUSE
Sequence: MAEKQKHDGRVKIGHYVLGDTLGVGTFGKVKIGEHQLTGHKVAVKILNRQKIRSLDVVGKIKREIQNLKLFRHPHIIKLYQVISTPTDFFMVMEYVSGGELFDYICKHGRVEEVEARRLFQQILSAVDYCHRHMVVHRDLKPENVLLDAQMNAKIADFGLSNMMSDGEFLRTSCGSPNYAAPEVISGRLYAGPEVDIWSCGVILYALLCGTLPFDDEHVPTLFKKIRGGVFYIPDYLNRSVATLLMHMLQVDPLKRATIKDIREHEWFKQDLPSYLFPEDPSYDANVIDDEAVKEVCEKFECTESEVMNSLYSGDPQDQLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNQASEFYLASSPPSGSFMDDSAMHIPPGLKPHPERMPPLIADSPKARCPLDALNTTKPKSLAVKKAKWHLGIRSQSKACDIMAEVYRAMKQLGFEWKVVNAYHLRVRRKNPVTGNYVKMSLQLYLVDSRSYLLDFKSIDDEVVEQRSGSSTPQRSCSAAGLHRARSSFDSSTAENHSLSGSLTGSLTGSTLSSASPRLGSHTMDFFEMCASLITALAR
What is the function of this protein?
Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism (By similarity).  In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation (By similarity).  AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators (By similarity).  Regulates lipid synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively (PubMed:15331533, PubMed:15561936).  Promotes lipolysis of lipid droplets by mediating phosphorylation of isoform 1 of CHKA (CHKalpha2) (PubMed:34077757).  Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and PFKFB3 (By similarity).  Involved in insulin receptor/INSR internalization (By similarity).  AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160 (PubMed:16804075, PubMed:16804077).  Regulates transcription and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2, FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A (PubMed:21454484, PubMed:20647423, PubMed:21459323, PubMed:17609368).  Acts as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the cytoplasm (PubMed:16148943, PubMed:16308421).  In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription (PubMed:20647423).  Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1/ULK1: in response to nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2 (PubMed:18439900, PubMed:21258367, PubMed:21205641).  In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating and activating ATG1/ULK1 (PubMed:21258367, PubMed:21205641).  In that process also activates WDR45/WIPI4 (By similarity).  Phosphorylates CASP6, thereby preventing its autoprocessing and subsequent activation (By similarity).  AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading to destabilize it (PubMed:19833968).  May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it (PubMed:20361929).  Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin (By similarity).  Also phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1 (By similarity).  Plays an important role in the differential regulation of pro-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1, PIK3R4 and UVRAG or ATG14) and non-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1 and PIK3R4) complexes, in response to glucose starvation (PubMed:23332761).  Can inhibit the non-autophagy complex by phosphorylating PIK3C3 and can activate the pro-autophagy complex by phosphorylating BECN1 (PubMed:23332761).
What are the official names of this protein?
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2, AMPK subunit alpha-2, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase, ACACA kinase, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase, HMGCR kinase.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=In response to stress, recruited by p53/TP53 to specific promoters.