Protein: ATG9_YEAST
Sequence: MERDEYQLPNSHGKNTFLSRIFGLQSDEVNPSLNSQEMSNFPLPDIERGSSLLHSTNDSREDVDENDLRVPESDQGTSTEEEDEVDEEQVQAYAPQISDGLDGDHQLNSVTSKENVLETEKSNLERLVEGSTDDSVPKVGQLSSEEEEDNEFINNDGFDDDTPLFQKSKIHEFSSKKSNTIEDGKRPLFFRHILQNNRPQRDTQKLFTSSNAIHHDKDKSANNGPRNINGNQKHGTKYFGSATQPRFTGSPLNNTNRFTKLFPLRKPNLLSNISVLNNTPEDRINTLSVKERALWKWANVENLDIFLQDVYNYYLGNGFYCIILEKILNICTLLFVVFVSTYMGHCVDYSKLPTSHRVSDIIIDKCYSNSITGFTKFFLWMFYFFVILKIVQLYFDVQKLSELQNFYKYLLNISDDELQTLPWQNVIQQLMYLKDQNAMTANVVEVKAKNRIDAHDVANRIMRRENYLIALYNSDILNLSLPIPLFRTNVLTKTLEWNINLCVMGFVFNESGFIKQSILKPSQREFTREELQKRFMLAGFLNIILAPFLVTYFVLLYFFRYFNEYKTSPGSIGARQYTPIAEWKFREYNELYHIFKKRISLSTTLANKYVDQFPKEKTNLFLKFVSFICGSFVAILAFLTVFDPENFLNFEITSDRSVIFYITILGAIWSVSRNTITQEYHVFDPEETLKELYEYTHYLPKEWEGRYHKEEIKLEFCKLYNLRIVILLRELTSLMITPFVLWFSLPSSAGRIVDFFRENSEYVDGLGYVCKYAMFNMKNIDGEDTHSMDEDSLTKKIAVNGSHTLNSKRRSKFTAEDHSDKDLANNKMLQSYVYFMDDYSNSENLTGKYQLPAKKGYPNNEGDSFLNNKYSWRKQFQPGQKPELFRIGKHALGPGHNISPAIYSTRNPGKNWDNNNNGDDIKNGTNNATAKNDDNNGNNDHEYVLTESFLDSGAFPNHDVIDHNKMLNSNYNGNGILNKGGVLGLVKEYYKKSDVGR
What is the function of this protein?
Phospholipid scramblase involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation (PubMed:7593182, PubMed:8224160, PubMed:8663607, PubMed:10735854, PubMed:14504273, PubMed:24440502, PubMed:27050455, PubMed:33106658, PubMed:33439214).  Cycles between the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool and supplies membrane for the growing autophagosome (PubMed:10662773, PubMed:11689437, PubMed:17329962, PubMed:17426440, PubMed:18829864, PubMed:22826123, PubMed:24905091, PubMed:33439214).  Lipid scramblase activity plays a key role in preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly by distributing the phospholipids that arrive through ATG2 from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet of the bilayer, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion (PubMed:33106658, PubMed:32883836, PubMed:33439214).  Required for mitophagy (PubMed:18818209).  Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress (PubMed:17132049).  Recruits vesicle-tethering proteins TRS85 and YPT1 to the autophagosome formation site (PubMed:23129774).  Recruits also ATG23 and ATG8 to the PAS (PubMed:14504273).
What are the official names of this protein?
Autophagy-related protein 9, Cytoplasm to vacuole targeting protein 7.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the ATG9 family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=The vast majority of ATG9 exists on cytoplasmic mobile vesicles (designated ATG9 vesicles) that were derived from the Golgi apparatus in a process involving ATG23 and ATG27 (PubMed:22826123, PubMed:22509044). The peripheral pool of ATG9 partially colocalizes within tubulovesicular clusters adjacent to mitochondria (PubMed:20855505, PubMed:26565778). It appears that membrane that contains ATG9 is delivered to the autophagosome from the Golgi-endosomal system rather than from the ER or mitochondria (PubMed:20444982, PubMed:20861302). Within the PAS, localizes at the edge of the isolation membrane (PubMed:22144692, PubMed:23549786). ATG9 cycling is regulated by at least the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, ARP2, HOG1, PIK1, SEC2, SEC9, SSO1 and SSO2 (PubMed:18287533, PubMed:20444978, PubMed:21784249, PubMed:21576396, PubMed:22977244).