Protein: A4_URSMA
Sequence: SEVKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIATVIVITLVML
What is the function of this protein?
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis.  Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis.  Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions (By similarity).  Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb (By similarity).  Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(o) and JIP (By similarity).  Inhibits G(o)-alpha ATPase activity (By similarity).  Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1 (By similarity).  By acting as a kinesin I membrane receptor, plays a role in axonal anterograde transport of cargo towards synapes in axons (By similarity).  May be involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction (By similarity).  In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu(2+)-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation (By similarity).  Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV.  Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons.  Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1 (By similarity).
What are the official names of this protein?
Amyloid-beta precursor protein, ABPP, APP, Alzheimer disease amyloid A4 protein homolog, Alzheimer disease amyloid protein, Amyloid precursor protein, Amyloid-beta (A4) precursor protein, Amyloid-beta A4 protein.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the APP family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Perikaryon. Cell projection, growth cone. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit. Early endosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Note=Cell surface protein that rapidly becomes internalized via clathrin-coated pits. Only a minor proportion is present at the cell membrane; most of the protein is present in intracellular vesicles. During maturation, the immature APP (N- glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum) moves to the Golgi complex where complete maturation occurs (O-glycosylated and sulfated). After alpha-secretase cleavage, soluble APP is released into the extracellular space and the C-terminal is internalized to endosomes and lysosomes. Some APP accumulates in secretory transport vesicles leaving the late Golgi compartment and returns to the cell surface. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Soluble APP-beta]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Amyloid-beta protein 42]: Cell surface. Note=Associates with FPR2 at the cell surface and the complex is then rapidly internalized. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 59]: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Located to both the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons. It can be translocated to the nucleus through association with APBB1 (Fe65). In dopaminergic neurons, the phosphorylated form is localized to the nucleus (By similarity).