Protein: CDK2_HUMAN
Sequence: MENFQKVEKIGEGTYGVVYKARNKLTGEVVALKKIRLDTETEGVPSTAIREISLLKELNHPNIVKLLDVIHTENKLYLVFEFLHQDLKKFMDASALTGIPLPLIKSYLFQLLQGLAFCHSHRVLHRDLKPQNLLINTEGAIKLADFGLARAFGVPVRTYTHEVVTLWYRAPEILLGCKYYSTAVDIWSLGCIFAEMVTRRALFPGDSEIDQLFRIFRTLGTPDEVVWPGVTSMPDYKPSFPKWARQDFSKVVPPLDEDGRSLLSQMLHYDPNKRISAKAALAHPFFQDVTKPVPHLRL
What is the function of this protein?
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis.  Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2.  Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA.  Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus.  Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).  Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase.  EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing.  Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity).  Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC.  Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis.  In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation.  Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1.  NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication.  Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase.  Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated.  Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner.  USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition.  CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.  Phosphorylates FOXP3 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and protein stability (By similarity).  Phosphorylates CDK2AP2 (PubMed:12944431).  Phosphorylates ERCC6 which is essential for its chromatin remodeling activity at DNA double-strand breaks (PubMed:29203878).
What are the official names of this protein?
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, Cell division protein kinase 2, p33 protein kinase.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Nucleus, Cajal body. Cytoplasm. Endosome. Note=Localized at the centrosomes in late G2 phase after separation of the centrosomes but before the start of prophase. Nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking is mediated during the inhibition by 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3).