Protein: IFIH1_HUMAN
Sequence: MSNGYSTDENFRYLISCFRARVKMYIQVEPVLDYLTFLPAEVKEQIQRTVATSGNMQAVELLLSTLEKGVWHLGWTREFVEALRRTGSPLAARYMNPELTDLPSPSFENAHDEYLQLLNLLQPTLVDKLLVRDVLDKCMEEELLTIEDRNRIAAAENNGNESGVRELLKRIVQKENWFSAFLNVLRQTGNNELVQELTGSDCSESNAEIENLSQVDGPQVEEQLLSTTVQPNLEKEVWGMENNSSESSFADSSVVSESDTSLAEGSVSCLDESLGHNSNMGSDSGTMGSDSDEENVAARASPEPELQLRPYQMEVAQPALEGKNIIICLPTGSGKTRVAVYIAKDHLDKKKKASEPGKVIVLVNKVLLVEQLFRKEFQPFLKKWYRVIGLSGDTQLKISFPEVVKSCDIIISTAQILENSLLNLENGEDAGVQLSDFSLIIIDECHHTNKEAVYNNIMRHYLMQKLKNNRLKKENKPVIPLPQILGLTASPGVGGATKQAKAEEHILKLCANLDAFTIKTVKENLDQLKNQIQEPCKKFAIADATREDPFKEKLLEIMTRIQTYCQMSPMSDFGTQPYEQWAIQMEKKAAKEGNRKERVCAEHLRKYNEALQINDTIRMIDAYTHLETFYNEEKDKKFAVIEDDSDEGGDDEYCDGDEDEDDLKKPLKLDETDRFLMTLFFENNKMLKRLAENPEYENEKLTKLRNTIMEQYTRTEESARGIIFTKTRQSAYALSQWITENEKFAEVGVKAHHLIGAGHSSEFKPMTQNEQKEVISKFRTGKINLLIATTVAEEGLDIKECNIVIRYGLVTNEIAMVQARGRARADESTYVLVAHSGSGVIEHETVNDFREKMMYKAIHCVQNMKPEEYAHKILELQMQSIMEKKMKTKRNIAKHYKNNPSLITFLCKNCSVLACSGEDIHVIEKMHHVNMTPEFKELYIVRENKALQKKCADYQINGEIICKCGQAWGTMMVHKGLDLPCLKIRNFVVVFKNNSTKKQYKKWVELPITFPNLDYSECCLFSDED
What is the function of this protein?
Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PubMed:32169843, PubMed:33727702, PubMed:28594402).  Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2'-O-methylation at their 5' cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length) (PubMed:22160685).  Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases: TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon regulatory factors: IRF3 and IRF7 which in turn activate transcription of antiviral immunological genes, including interferons (IFNs); IFN-alpha and IFN-beta.  Responsible for detecting the Picornaviridae family members such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), mengo encephalomyocarditis virus (ENMG), and rhinovirus (PubMed:28606988).  Detects coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (PubMed:33440148, PubMed:33514628).  Can also detect other viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), west Nile virus (WNV), and reovirus.  Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome, such as vaccinia virus.  Plays an important role in amplifying innate immune signaling through recognition of RNA metabolites that are produced during virus infection by ribonuclease L (RNase L).  May play an important role in enhancing natural killer cell function and may be involved in growth inhibition and apoptosis in several tumor cell lines.
What are the official names of this protein?
Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1, Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis autoantigen 140 kDa, CADM-140 autoantigen, Helicase with 2 CARD domains, Helicard, Interferon-induced with helicase C domain protein 1, Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, MDA-5, Murabutide down-regulated protein, RIG-I-like receptor 2, RLR-2, RNA helicase-DEAD box protein 116.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the helicase family. RLR subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion. Note=Upon viral RNA stimulation and ISGylation, translocates from cytosol to mitochondrion. May be found in the nucleus, during apoptosis.