Protein: BXC_CBCP
Sequence: MPITINNFNYSDPVDNKNILYLDTHLNTLANEPEKAFRITGNIWVIPDRFSRNSNPNLNKPPRVTSPKSGYYDPNYLSTDSDKDTFLKEIIKLFKRINSREIGEELIYRLSTDIPFPGNNNTPINTFDFDVDFNSVDVKTRQGNNWVKTGSINPSVIITGPRENIIDPETSTFKLTNNTFAAQEGFGALSIISISPRFMLTYSNATNDVGEGRFSKSEFCMDPILILMHELNHAMHNLYGIAIPNDQTISSVTSNIFYSQYNVKLEYAEIYAFGGPTIDLIPKSARKYFEEKALDYYRSIAKRLNSITTANPSSFNKYIGEYKQKLIRKYRFVVESSGEVTVNRNKFVELYNELTQIFTEFNYAKIYNVQNRKIYLSNVYTPVTANILDDNVYDIQNGFNIPKSNLNVLFMGQNLSRNPALRKVNPENMLYLFTKFCHKAIDGRSLYNKTLDCRELLVKNTDLPFIGDISDVKTDIFLRKDINEETEVIYYPDNVSVDQVILSKNTSEHGQLDLLYPSIDSESEILPGENQVFYDNRTQNVDYLNSYYYLESQKLSDNVEDFTFTRSIEEALDNSAKVYTYFPTLANKVNAGVQGGLFLMWANDVVEDFTTNILRKDTLDKISDVSAIIPYIGPALNISNSVRRGNFTEAFAVTGVTILLEAFPEFTIPALGAFVIYSKVQERNEIIKTIDNCLEQRIKRWKDSYEWMMGTWLSRIITQFNNISYQMYDSLNYQAGAIKAKIDLEYKKYSGSDKENIKSQVENLKNSLDVKISEAMNNINKFIRECSVTYLFKNMLPKVIDELNEFDRNTKAKLINLIDSHNIILVGEVDKLKAKVNNSFQNTIPFNIFSYTNNSLLKDIINEYFNNINDSKILSLQNRKNTLVDTSGYNAEVSEEGDVQLNPIFPFDFKLGSSGEDRGKVIVTQNENIVYNSMYESFSISFWIRINKWVSNLPGYTIIDSVKNNSGWSIGIISNFLVFTLKQNEDSEQSINFSYDISNNAPGYNKWFFVTVTNNMMGNMKIYINGKLIDTIKVKELTGINFSKTITFEINKIPDTGLITSDSDNINMWIRDFYIFAKELDGKDINILFNSLQYTNVVKDYWGNDLRYNKEYYMVNIDYLNRYMYANSRQIVFNTRRNNNDFNEGYKIIIKRIRGNTNDTRVRGGDILYFDMTINNKAYNLFMKNETMYADNHSTEDIYAIGLREQTKDINDNIIFQIQPMNNTYYYASQIFKSNFNGENISGICSIGTYRFRLGGDWYRHNYLVPTVKQGNYASLLESTSTHWGFVPVSE
What is the function of this protein?
Responsible for host epithelial cell transcytosis, host nerve cell targeting and translocation of light chain (LC) into eukaryotic host cytosol.  Composed of 3 subdomains; the translocation domain (TD), and N-terminus and C-terminus of the receptor-binding domain (RBD).  The RBD is responsible for the adherence of the toxin to the eukaryotic target cell surface.  It simultaneously recognizes 2 polysialated gangliosides coreceptors in close proximity on host synaptic vesicles (PubMed:23027864, PubMed:21542861).  The N-terminus of the TD wraps an extended belt around the perimeter of the LC, protecting Zn(2+) in the active site; it may also prevent premature LC dissociation from the translocation channel and protect toxin prior to translocation (By similarity).  The TD inserts into synaptic vesicle membrane to allow translocation into the host cytosol (Probable).  The C-terminal half of the HC (residues 864-1291) binds neurons in a dose-dependent manner (PubMed:20731382).  The C-terminal half of the HC (residues 863-1291) binds eukaryotic host gangliosides in the order GD1b > GT1b > GD1a > GM1a (PubMed:16115873, PubMed:20731382, PubMed:23027864, PubMed:19650874).  Has 2 ganglioside binding sites; Sia-1 prefers a sia7 sialic acid and sugars within the ganglioside (GD1b > GT1b), whereas GBP2 recognizes a sia5 sialic acid (GT1b and GD1a) (PubMed:23027864, PubMed:21542861).  Both sites are required for HC to enter neurons, acting via different gangliosides (PubMed:23027864).  This suggests that 2 gangliosides serve as toxin receptors (PubMed:16115873, PubMed:20731382, PubMed:21542861, PubMed:23027864).  Synaptic activity (depolarization with K(+)) increases uptake by neurons (PubMed:23027864).  Treatment of synaptosomes with proteinase K does not reduce HC binding, suggesting there is no protein receptor or it is protected from extracellular proteases (PubMed:16115873).  Decreases uptake and toxicity of whole BoNT/A, but also interferes with uptake of BoNT/E and BoNT/F (PubMed:19650874).  HC also binds phosphoinositides, which might play a role in membrane-binding (PubMed:22120109).
What are the official names of this protein?
Botulinum neurotoxin type C, BoNT/C, Bontoxilysin-C1, BoNT/C1, Botulinum neurotoxin type C1.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the peptidase M27 family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
[Botulinum neurotoxin type C]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Botulinum neurotoxin C light chain]: Secreted. Note=In animals that have ingested BoNT/C the LC acts in the eukaryotic host cytosol (PubMed:7901002, PubMed:7737992, PubMed:8611567, PubMed:9886085, PubMed:17718519). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Botulinum neurotoxin C heavy chain]: Secreted. Note=Upon incubation with cultured neurons the HC is detected in a synaptophysin- positive intracellular compartment (probably host synaptic vesicles) (PubMed:23027864). It probably integrates into the eukaryotic host synaptic vesicle membrane (PubMed:2424493).