Protein: CDK9_HUMAN
Sequence: MAKQYDSVECPFCDEVSKYEKLAKIGQGTFGEVFKARHRKTGQKVALKKVLMENEKEGFPITALREIKILQLLKHENVVNLIEICRTKASPYNRCKGSIYLVFDFCEHDLAGLLSNVLVKFTLSEIKRVMQMLLNGLYYIHRNKILHRDMKAANVLITRDGVLKLADFGLARAFSLAKNSQPNRYTNRVVTLWYRPPELLLGERDYGPPIDLWGAGCIMAEMWTRSPIMQGNTEQHQLALISQLCGSITPEVWPNVDNYELYEKLELVKGQKRKVKDRLKAYVRDPYALDLIDKLLVLDPAQRIDSDDALNHDFFWSDPMPSDLKGMLSTHLTSMFEYLAPPRRKGSQITQQSTNQSRNPATTNQTEFERVF
What is the function of this protein?
Protein kinase involved in the regulation of transcription (PubMed:10574912, PubMed:10757782, PubMed:11145967, PubMed:11575923, PubMed:11809800, PubMed:11884399, PubMed:14701750, PubMed:16109376, PubMed:16109377, PubMed:20930849, PubMed:28426094, PubMed:29335245).  Member of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) POLR2A, SUPT5H and RDBP (PubMed:10574912, PubMed:10757782, PubMed:11145967, PubMed:11575923, PubMed:11809800, PubMed:11884399, PubMed:14701750, PubMed:16109376, PubMed:16109377, PubMed:20930849, PubMed:28426094, PubMed:30134174).  This complex is inactive when in the 7SK snRNP complex form (PubMed:10574912, PubMed:10757782, PubMed:11145967, PubMed:11575923, PubMed:11809800, PubMed:11884399, PubMed:14701750, PubMed:16109376, PubMed:16109377, PubMed:20930849, PubMed:28426094).  Phosphorylates EP300, MYOD1, RPB1/POLR2A and AR and the negative elongation factors DSIF and NELFE (PubMed:9857195, PubMed:10912001, PubMed:11112772, PubMed:12037670, PubMed:20081228, PubMed:20980437, PubMed:21127351).  Regulates cytokine inducible transcription networks by facilitating promoter recognition of target transcription factors (e. g.  TNF-inducible RELA/p65 activation and IL-6-inducible STAT3 signaling) (PubMed:17956865, PubMed:18362169).  Promotes RNA synthesis in genetic programs for cell growth, differentiation and viral pathogenesis (PubMed:10393184, PubMed:11112772).  P-TEFb is also involved in cotranscriptional histone modification, mRNA processing and mRNA export (PubMed:15564463, PubMed:19575011, PubMed:19844166).  Modulates a complex network of chromatin modifications including histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1), H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3K36me3; integrates phosphorylation during transcription with chromatin modifications to control co-transcriptional histone mRNA processing (PubMed:15564463, PubMed:19575011, PubMed:19844166).  The CDK9/cyclin-K complex has also a kinase activity towards CTD of RNAP II and can substitute for CDK9/cyclin-T P-TEFb in vitro (PubMed:21127351).  Replication stress response protein; the CDK9/cyclin-K complex is required for genome integrity maintenance, by promoting cell cycle recovery from replication arrest and limiting single-stranded DNA amount in response to replication stress, thus reducing the breakdown of stalled replication forks and avoiding DNA damage (PubMed:20493174).  In addition, probable function in DNA repair of isoform 2 via interaction with KU70/XRCC6 (PubMed:20493174).  Promotes cardiac myocyte enlargement (PubMed:20081228).  RPB1/POLR2A phosphorylation on 'Ser-2' in CTD activates transcription (PubMed:21127351).  AR phosphorylation modulates AR transcription factor promoter selectivity and cell growth.  DSIF and NELF phosphorylation promotes transcription by inhibiting their negative effect (PubMed:9857195, PubMed:10912001, PubMed:11112772).  The phosphorylation of MYOD1 enhances its transcriptional activity and thus promotes muscle differentiation (PubMed:12037670).  Catalyzes phosphorylation of KAT5, promoting KAT5 recruitment to chromatin and histone acetyltransferase activity (PubMed:29335245).
What are the official names of this protein?
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9, C-2K, Cell division cycle 2-like protein kinase 4, Cell division protein kinase 9, Serine/threonine-protein kinase PITALRE, Tat-associated kinase complex catalytic subunit.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nucleus, PML body. Note=Accumulates on chromatin in response to replication stress. Complexed with CCNT1 in nuclear speckles, but uncomplexed form in the cytoplasm. The translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm is XPO1/CRM1- dependent. Associates with PML body when acetylated.