Protein: PATOX_PHOAA
Sequence: MKGIEGVIMLSHDILPEKLLVSEKKHENVGSYFSDDIGEQSEQTEVSHFNLSLDDAFDIYADISIENQQELKNKDNNTNIWSSLGRGDDDHNLKKIINDAFKEKLPQLMEYRRKGYNVIGLDKEGIKKLEGMLKAVPPEIQQPTMKNLYSAAQELLNTLKQHPLLPENQDMIQQSNLVIRNLSDALEAINAVSKVNQVEWWEEVHKTNKAQSDRLIAATLEELFFKVKDKRLPGSNDDYCQQEREETERKIKDLLLYDGYQLTAEHFKFGRLRKSLLAESRVTRLKLAEYLEKKSVGILTAARDAKMYAMKILLAQTRNNGFNAKDLINAGQVNDRLLSFQQYARHIRAVDGEIDGIILSNPLVVACIKETNDEPAHIKIARAILPVSEELGTVSKVLRETKEKVQPSKPKEELNHPHQDWWNRGDELWKYIKKTSWNIKETSVHVTQMVGYEASKTASRAKHKLKESSYSESINGAVKGTALLLLDEIQQAENRIRQIPQFAWDVQEAVEQHSSVIQRTAYPDELPELSELLNEQLKHEEARWQAVKKQSRDKLQELIAPITRLAQEKWAQDLYFQLGEELRKERQDRWKDIQQFDEIMAEAVGQFAEMARELDSEAVRLAEHGHSGGKELQEKVAKWLRDLSKLKGKVKAGVAKITGTSLDNFSRSGMLARGMSEWAEDLKQSYLQETLQEGSAVAAELFERTLMEVVEENRTHFAKESDPEAERFLKRLALALKHAAENTTVYPPTPEEILAGSRSLPEDIRHWAEKKVVSGAISAAFRGGFKLVTGTFSLPVRVVIRGAKTGGTLYRGVRAINRSVRLGQGPATQVKSKFINQELSKTAFRLTLSLSPLVAWGMAASITAGRLYNEKDYPEKIIKNIVIDLPEELLWIGGYAGINAAIRAHAEKAIQQAIQHALDEQADKLALRINKEIAGKSADVNVEIIPQETSVSPAETAQSTPEPLSDFASTSQLTMPELIDIQDNNSAQQPKVRRKRDVSVESEISIDNLNIINANTREDKVNSEIKSELRSELKRFENSDANSPMSDVERAIFIDLFLYKNKYEVSESQQDYKNTWLKFRRELESQENKEIKEYLRFRSIIEAYEIYDKKRLDDDTIPEAGTIIKEVIDFFQKLKKENPITFMKLAEAMVKFQYYYEEEDENEDRYFKMAEIYYFLNKTENEKKSKTFHLDIIDKYPNENNRLLDEFFLNKNNNNPDLDEIIYKLQSMQEKYRESYEMLSKVENIHQVLSDDSKNEENIFLDNRIIAAQVFDGSINISLQDKKKWLNRYDQIRNEEGSDGWKLMHIESILINLRRINTAINLTAMKSESALLLIDKLLNFQKKARENILHISETPHEDFTSYSQFKTRKELGNDDSKYYAQFDNYKDNHDAEKEAKEILSQVVARASLSFSELFDKVESIKLFSFVYKNRDGGAPLAAPGRTVVIKFPGKDTGGLVISNLFLRNHVKRISTKEMEDLKPLTEGMYTRATQHRSLGSYYHIGSQSEHTNALEILSGMNKEELKTHLKKQGIWFGEPALFSNEYPKQENTGHLENTTLKNAIIGVSTIQNNAAANYLRSTMYESTGWEKLGDRFIPFYEIGRRKHYDREYEINSEQLTLDIITSIAIAYPAARGIVATIRSSAIPSILKSGLRGSALFKSLSLELGKMGFNASKVFGGAVYELIEPYPINSHLNRHNVFNKVKDTAWEFHTDVGLKGGGLKDFIDRFTKEPKEITISGYKFKRIKYNQENFDTMQRMALDYAYNPDSKGKIAQAQQAYKTGKEDYNAPQYDNFNGLSLDKKIERYISPDTDATTKGVLAGKMNESIKDINAFQTAKDAQSWKKSANKANKVVLTPQNLYLKGKPSECLPESVLMGWALQSSQDAKLSKMLMGIYSSNDITSNPLYKSLKELHANGNASKFNASATSISNINVSNLATSETKLFPTEISSVRVDAPKHTMLISKIKNRENKIKYVFYDPNYGMAYFDKHSDMAAFFQKKMQQYDFPDDSVSFHPLDYSNVSDIKISGRNLNEIIDGEIPLLYKQEGVQLEGITPRDGIYRVPPKNTLGVQETKHYIIVNNDIYQVEWDQTNNTWRVFDPSNTNRSRPTVPVKQDTNGEWFKHSETGLKGGGPIDDIRKYIARKSAIKIFNQSINYSATKWPPEPIDKNIHMIWIGTKNISEKNIKLSIDTAKKNPDYNTSIIYDSGISGHEGAKKFMLEKFQDSNVNIIDFRKKSYFSQLKQEPSFAYYEQVIAENKYAQASDILRLLVLKYEGGIYKDIDDIQVKGFGSLTFPKGIGVMREYAPEAGKATAFPNTPIAVTKNNPIINKTLDLAVSNYQRGEKNVLKLAGPDVFTQALYQEIPGLDSKVLNAQLYQLELAKRQALGVPLEKPKNFADEQLTSAEKEKINRPYQSIRGLSGYVENGADHSWAVDTNIPSTSTQTSTIVTPLAPKTEMLPPVPSSSTKSSTSAPVLQEKISYNLATDIDATDYLNQLKQKTNINNKISSPAGQCESLMKPVSDFMRENGFTDIRYRGMFIWNNATEQIPMNHFVVVGKKVGKDYVFDVSAHQFENKGMPDLNGPLILAAEDWAKKYRGATTRKLIYYSDFKNASTATNTYNALPRELVLESMEGKTFITSPNWYQTFKRTHNIHPEVTVSDPATFSLNYSVNPTAENLSPPPPPPIPSHGQVPKTVTPPPPPMRSPLSLSQPLERLPANKTKPIGFNPGENKASFSKLEEAGKHYYKDDKSRQAAPVNTMSDFDNRYLSHTTEAPAPSNVAHLAPGNIYNTKVTAKGAEKPAYDIYISKDGESLITSSSYKVDDITTDSKFGKPLPYSEIMFNSLKKSGVDPKNLKRSVQASIENKVTQDVISAIGTRIQRGQVIRVSPTENPDAFYTLLGTDNCKATLHMLNQHAEEFGHKVVTSIEFKGTGYLVMNIGTSTQTSTIVTPPPMPGTSQLVQ
What is the function of this protein?
Toxin that acts on host cells by modifying Rho proteins by tyrosine GlcNAcylation and heterotrimeric G alpha proteins by deamidation.  Catalyzes the mono-O-GlcNAcylation of small GTPases of the Rho family (RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, Rac2, Rac3, Cdc42) in eukaryotic host cells at the conserved tyrosine residue located in the switch I region (Tyr-32/34), using UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as the sugar donor; other GTPases of the Rho, Ras or Rab families are not substrates.  Tyrosine glycosylation inhibits Rho activation and prevents interaction with downstream effectors, resulting in actin disassembly, inhibition of phagocytosis, cell rounding, and toxicity toward insects and mammalian cells.  Also catalyzes the deamidation of the catalytic glutamine in heterotrimeric G alpha proteins (Gi, Gq/11), which blocks GTP hydrolysis and arrests the G proteins in a permanent active state leading to activation of Rho GTPases.  Thus, PaTox hijacks host GTPase signaling in a bidirectional manner by deamidation-induced activation and glycosylation-induced inactivation of GTPases.
What are the official names of this protein?
Toxin PAU_02230, Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin, PaTox.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Secreted. Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note=Associates with the negatively charged inner leaflet of the plasma membrane via interaction with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositolphosphates. Plasma membrane localization of PaTox is essential for cytotoxicity. The glycosyltransferase domain alone is sufficient to localize at the plasma membrane.