Protein: CNR1_MOUSE
Sequence: MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTSFRGSPFQEKMTAGDNSPLVPAGDTTNITEFYNKSLSSFKENEDNIQCGENFMDMECFMILNPSQQLAIAVLSLTLGTFTVLENLLVLCVILHSRSLRCRPSYHFIGSLAVADLLGSVIFVYSFVDFHVFHRKDSPNVFLFKLGGVTASFTASVGSLFLTAIDRYISIHRPLAYKRIVTRPKAVVAFCLMWTIAIVIAVLPLLGWNCKKLQSVCSDIFPLIDETYLMFWIGVTSVLLLFIVYAYMYILWKAHSHAVRMIQRGTQKSIIIHTSEDGKVQVTRPDQARMDIRLAKTLVLILVVLIICWGPLLAIMVYDVFGKMNKLIKTVFAFCSMLCLLNSTVNPIIYALRSKDLRHAFRSMFPSCEGTAQPLDNSMGDSDCLHKHANNTASMHRAAESCIKSTVKIAKVTMSVSTDTSAEAL
What is the function of this protein?
G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (PubMed:9888857, PubMed:22388959).  Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain (PubMed:9888857, PubMed:27828947).  Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (PubMed:8832654, PubMed:27828947).  In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type.  Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses (PubMed:25707796, PubMed:27828947).  At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2 (PubMed:27828947).  In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression (PubMed:25869131).  In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake (PubMed:25707796).  In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids.  Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission (PubMed:22388959).  Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (PubMed:27828947).  In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner (By similarity).  In cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, cannabinoid-induced inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone (By similarity).  Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia (PubMed:22841573).  In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes (PubMed:15864349).  In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes (PubMed:15864349, PubMed:21987372).  May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake (PubMed:21987372).  Peripherally modulates energy metabolism.  In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (PubMed:26671069).  In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion.  In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta-cells (PubMed:23955712).
What are the official names of this protein?
Cannabinoid receptor 1, CB-R, CB1, Brain-type cannabinoid receptor.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Cell projection, axon. Presynapse. Note=In CA1 hippocampal neurons, 15.5% of total protein is localized in mitochondria (PubMed:22388959). Found on presynaptic axon terminals in some GABAergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex (By similarity). In striated muscles, predominantly located in mitochondria (PubMed:27826249). Unexpectedly, in the mitochondria, the C-terminus is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, a compartment topologically considered as extracellular. In canonical seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, the C-terminus is cytosolic (PubMed:22388959).