Protein: ADT4_MOUSE
Sequence: MSNESSKKQSSKKALFDPVSFSKDLLAGGVAAAVSKTAVAPIERVKLLLQVQASSKQISPEARYKGMLDCLVRIPREQGFLSYWRGNLANVIRYFPTQALNFAFKDKYKELFMSGVNKEKQFWRWFLANLASGGAAGATSLCVVYPLDFARTRLGVDIGKGPEQRQFTGLGDCIMKIAKSDGLIGLYQGFGVSVQGIIVYRASYFGAYDTVKGLLPKPKETPFLVSFIIAQIVTTCSGILSYPFDTVRRRMMMQSGESDRQYKGTIDCFLKIYRHEGVPAFFRGAFSNILRGTGGALVLVLYDKIKEFLNIDVGGSSSGD
What is the function of this protein?
ADP:ATP antiporter that mediates import of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and export of ATP out to fuel the cell (By similarity).  Cycles between the cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) and the matrix-open state (m-state): operates by the alternating access mechanism with a single substrate-binding site intermittently exposed to either the cytosolic (c-state) or matrix (m-state) side of the inner mitochondrial membrane (By similarity).  Specifically required during spermatogenesis, probably to mediate ADP:ATP exchange in spermatocytes (PubMed:17137571, PubMed:17681941, PubMed:19556438).  Large ATP supplies from mitochondria may be critical for normal progression of spermatogenesis during early stages of meiotic prophase I, including DNA double-strand break repair and chromosomal synapsis (PubMed:19556438).  In addition to its ADP:ATP antiporter activity, also involved in mitochondrial uncoupling and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activity (PubMed:31489369).  Plays a role in mitochondrial uncoupling by acting as a proton transporter: proton transport uncouples the proton flows via the electron transport chain and ATP synthase to reduce the efficiency of ATP production and cause mitochondrial thermogenesis (By similarity).  Proton transporter activity is inhibited by ADP:ATP antiporter activity, suggesting that SLC25A31/ANT4 acts as a master regulator of mitochondrial energy output by maintaining a delicate balance between ATP production (ADP:ATP antiporter activity) and thermogenesis (proton transporter activity) (By similarity).  Proton transporter activity requires free fatty acids as cofactor, but does not transport it (By similarity).  Among nucleotides, may also exchange ADP for dATP and dADP (By similarity).  Also plays a key role in mPTP opening, a non-specific pore that enables free passage of the mitochondrial membranes to solutes of up to 1. 5 kDa, and which contributes to cell death (PubMed:31489369).  It is however unclear if SLC25A31/ANT4 constitutes a pore-forming component of mPTP or regulates it (PubMed:31489369).
What are the official names of this protein?
ADP/ATP translocase 4, ADP,ATP carrier protein 4, Adenine nucleotide translocator 4, ANT 4, Solute carrier family 25 member 31, Sperm flagellar energy carrier protein.
What is the protein family that this protein belongs to?
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
What are the subcellular locations of this protein?
Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell projection, cilium, flagellum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=In sperm flagellum this protein is located in the fibrous sheath, a non-mitochondrial region (By similarity). May localize to non-mitochondrial membranes (By similarity).