WORKING TOWARD JOBS

The California

Greater A venues for Independence (GAIN) Program 
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OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL 
OFFICE OF EV ALVA TION AND INSPECTIONS 
MAY 1990  OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

The mission of the Offce of Inspector General (OIG) is to promote the effciency, 
effectiveness, and integrty of programs in the United States Deparment of 
Health and Human Services (HS). It does this by developing methods to detect 
and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse. Created by statute in 1976, the Inspector 
General keeps both the Secretar and the Congress fully and currently informed 
about programs or management problems and recommends corrective action. 
The OIG performs its mission by conducting audits, investigations, and 
sta 
inspections with approximately 1,400  strategically located around the 
countr. 
OFFICE OF EVALUATION AND INSPECTIONS 
This report is produced by the Offce of Evaluation and Inspections (OEI), one of 
three major offices within the OIG. The other two are the Office of Audit 
Services and the Office of Investigations. Inspections ar conducted in 
accordance with professional standards developed by OEI. These inspections are 
term studies designed to determne program effectiveness, 
typicaly short-
efficiency, and vulnerabilty to fraud or abuse. 
This technical report was prepared to describe the operation of the California 
Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) program. This technical report is par 
of a larger study which was conducted to describe the operation of a sample of 
mature, well-regarded and comprehensive work programs for AFC recipients 
and the insights of the administrators of those programs. 
This report was prepared under the diection of Emilie Baebel, Chief, Public 
Health and Human Services Branch. This project was lead by Suzanne Murrn 
that branch.  ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~
The California

Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) Program 
Richard P. Kusserow 
INSPECTOR GENERAL 
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OEI-12-89-01321  MAY 1990  .  . .. .  .. .  .. .." .  ... .   . ...   . ... .   ... .   ... .   . ...   . ... .   ...... .      . ......      . ........ .        ......... .         .........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        ........        .......       .......       .......       .......       .......       .......      .. ....     . ..... .     . ...    ....    ...  
INTRODUCTION 
. . . . . . . . . . . 2 
PROGRAM PROFILE. 
THE STATE OF 
CALIFORNIA. 
THE CALIFORNIA AFDC PROGRAM  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 
THE CALIFORNIA AFDC WORK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 
PROGRAM. 
General Background. . 
Administrative Issues 
. 3 
Participation Issues. .  . 5 
Program Activities  . . . 6 
Appendix A 
OVERVIEW STATEMENT.  . A- 1 
Appendix B

SAMPLE DOCUMENTS 
. . B- 1
 This technical report is par of a series of 
profies on the Aid to Familes with Dependent 
Children (AFC) work programs parcipating 
project. 
in the  Working Toward JOBS 

Each profie begins with a categorized 
AFC 
description of the subject  work program, 
which is based on mai guides submitted by the 
progr. 
Appendix A includes an overview 
statement wrtten by the program manager. It 
describes the program, its goals. philosophy and 
lessons leared. Appendix B is a sample of 
!!I!I 
documents used to conduct the program. Each 
program administrtor was asked to submit 
sample documents which they felt would be 
useful to States and counties developing JOBS 
programs. 
Data collection for this study was done from 
Apri to September of 1989. The infonnation in 
the overview and technical reports is based on 
AFC 
pre-JOBS work programs for  recipients. 
As these programs have converted to JOBS, 
they may have made some changes to meet 
JOBS legal and regulatory requirements. 
Where possible, we have noted the changes the 
program administrators anticipated at the time  :II:!I.
of our data collection. 
California  INTRODucnON  THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 
Population: 27,996, 
Major industres: service, retail trade, manufacturg 
First quarer 1989 unemployment rate: 4.97 percent 
Annual income for a family of four: $12 
Number living below the povert  441 786 
line: 3,
THE CALIFORNIA AFDC PROGRAM 
For Fiscal Year (F) 1988: 
Total cost: $4 285,200, 
Federal shar: $2 271 100,000; State share: $2,014 100,000 
AFC 
Number of  cases: approximately 600, 
95 percent in urban settigs; 5 percent in 
rual settngs 
Client averages: 
Age: 34

Number of children in grant: 1.9 
grt: 
Age of youngest child in  1 year 
Length of spell on AFC: 16.6 months 
55 percent have been unemployed 2 years or more 
38 percent have been previously employed for 1 month or more 
Total FY 1988 case closures: 11 802 
Closures after paricipating in work program: 2,675 as of June 1988 
THE CALIFORNIA AFDC WORK PROGRAM 
General Background 
Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) 
Name: 
GAIN began operating in June 1986. The State legislation provides 
Operating Since: 

for phase-in of al parcipants though 1991. 
GAIN is designed to provide welfare recipients with a full range of 
Philosophy: 
employment-related training and supportve services. The major thrst of the 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  program is diected toward assisting AFC program applicants and recipients to 
obtain skills and opportunities that lead to un subsidized jobs. The goal of the 
progr 
is to assist all able-boded welfare applicants and recipients to become 
economicaly self-suffcient. 
The program is based on certain principles: 
( 1) paricipants should be able to make choices about their program path and they 
should be required to live up to the responsibilties involved with these choices; 
(2) parcipants should be provided early progr opportunities to obtain jobs; 
(3) program expenditues should be tageted where they can do 
the most good; 
(4) the State and counties have an obligation to provide sufficient services to
parcipants to meet their needs, and to underte an infonnation campaign to 
make potential parcipants, employers and the public aware of the opportunities 
and values associated with the program; and 
(5) new programs should be good investments of public funds; additional system
costs should be incured only when they are likely to result in long-tenn personal 
and community pay-off. 
Program Administrator: 
Kathy B. Lewis 
Chief, Employment Programs Branch 
California State Deparent of Social Services 
744 P Street, Mail Stop 6-140 
Sacraento, CA 95814 
(916) 323-1321 
Administrative Issues 
Loal level GAIN administration is done through the county welfare 
Structure: 
deparents (CWs). The CWDs both deliver and coordinate delivery of 
services to paricipants (i.e., CWDs can contract for most parcipant services). 
Before counties implement their GAIN programs, they are required to develop a 
plan that specifes the arangement and method by which employment, training, 
and supportive services wil be provided to GAIN parcipants. Counties must 
conduct labor market, parcipant, and child care needs assessments, and must 
offer an adequate range of services targeted to those needs. In developing plans, 
counties must integrate input from other servce providers (such as community 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  colleges, county offces of education, Job Training Parnership Act (JTA) 
Service Delivery Aras, and child care programs) to ensure the adequacy and 
coordination of services. Counties must also identify any unmet needs and 
include a proposal to meet those needs. 
Each county GAIN plan must be approved by the County Board of Supervisors at 
the local level and by the Deparment of Social Services at the State level. 
Counties must update their plans annually. 
The State meets on a monthly basis with the County Welfare Dirctors 
Association and its varous subcommittees to ensure their input in program policy 
development and decision-makng.

A profie of how the County of San Diego operates the GAIN program is 
included in the Offce of Inspector General "Working Toward JOBS: The County 
of San Diego Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) Progr" inspection 
report. 
For State Fiscal Year 1989-1990 total projected expenditures for GAIN 
Funding: 
(excluding additional costs due to JOBS implementation) are 
estiated at $331. 
millon. Of this amount, $102.4 milion is funded with existing community 
resources. The amount of supportive services included in this estimate is $56.4 
millon. 
GAIN is supervised by the State Deparent of Social Services Employment 
Staff: 
Programs Branch which is stafed by 48 employees. This branch is divided into 
two bureaus. The policy burau is responsible for developing State employment 
services policy, regulations and other diectives; dissemiating that information to 
the counties; and ensurg that policies and regulations are properly interpreted. 
The operations bureau reviews and approves county plans and budget proposals, 
provides technical assistance, monitors and evaluates the program, and acts as 
liaison to the County Welfare Dirctors Association. 
GAIN is administered at the county level by the county welfare deparments. 
California measures GAIN' s success by calculating resulting 
Success Measurements: 

employment and AFDC savings. 
California s 58 counties have varous electronic data processing 
Recordkeeping: 
systems. There are established electronic data processing functional requirements 
of GAIN which the counties utilze. Each county is required to submit to the 
State the following reports: GAIN monthly activity report indicating activity by 
each program component; GAIN quarerly characteristics report; quarerly 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  administrative expense claim report; and two annual reports, the GAIN county 
plan update and county GAIN budget proposal. 
Because California has 58 counties which 
Provision of Services/Outside Resources: 
operate independently, each welfar deparent decides on the objectives of its 
program, within the pareters of State regulation. Many of the service 
components are subcontracted to outside agencies. For example, Napa county 
contracts orientation, appraisal, many case management services and job search 
services to the JTPA. Many other counties choose to provide those services 
themselves. 
The Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (MDRC) is under a 
Evaluations: 
multi-year contract with the State Deparent of Social Services to evaluate 
GAIN, with the final report due in 1992. Two interim reports have been released. 
Participation Issues

00 
In FY 1988, approximately 125, registered, while 92,750 
Participant Descriptors: 

parcipated beyond registration. The average age of parcipants was between 
30-34 years. Approximately 67 percent have less than a high school education. 
All other averages are the same as for general AFC population. 
The State program does not establish taget groups. It has created a list 
Target Groups: 

of factors by which clients are to be excluded from the program should there not 
be enough resources to provide services to  fIrst excluded 
al clients. In order of 
these are: (1) AFC-Unemployed Parent (U) applicants, (2) AFC applicants, 
(3) AFC or AFC-UP recipients, excluding teen-age parents, who are exempt 
volunteers, (4) AFC-UP recipients on aid for less than 1 year, (5) AFC-
recipients on aid for less than 2 years, (6) AFC 
recipients on aid for less than 1 
AFC 
year, (7)  recipients on aid contiuously for less than 2 years, (8) volunteer 
AFC 
teenage registrants, and (9) all remaining  recipients, with recipients 
receiving aid the longest the last to be excluded. 
A nonexempt recipient must parcipate in orientation 
Mandatory Activities/Sanctions: 

progr 
and appraisal and any of the other  components agred upon in the 
contrct activity agreement between the CW and the parcipant. 
Approximately 100 sanctions were imposed in FY 1988 for clients who did not 
comply with GAIN mandatory activities. 
Volunteers:  Between 10-15 percent of GAIN paricipants are volunteers. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  Approximately 37,000 full-time placements were made in 
Employment Placements: 

calendar year 1988. Over 10,00 AFDC cases have been closed as a result of 
placements into subsidized or un subsidized employment. The average staring 
wage is $5. 86 per hour. There is no follow-up information available because of 
the newness of the program. 
Program Activities 
GAIN uses a sequence of service components that 
Sequencing:  paricipants are required 
to follow. The parcipant flow char appears in the sample document appendix 
on page 12 in the GAIN guidebook. 
Program Activities Listing: 
 Because California s 58 counties ar responsible for 
admnistering GAIN, each county s operations var in order to meet local 
conditions. As such, information on how GAIN services ar provided is county 
specific. The State GAIN offce has submitted descriptions of the varous 
categories of activities included under GAIN and the number of statewide 
parcipants. All parcipation figures are for FY 1988. 
Orientation/Assessment/Employabilty Planning

Activity:  The CWD obtais information that assists in determning the status of the 
registrant and provides forms for the Federal and California jobs tax credit. 

self-appraisal form completed by the registrant may be used. Information 
collected includes: (1) questions related to deferral criteria, (2) employment 
background, (3) AFC history, (4) current education and training activities, (5) 
educational history and competency, (6) need for supportve services. 
The CWD determnes deferrals, re-emphasizes to non-deferred registrants GAIN 
services, their responsibilties, consequences of failure to paricipate, and their 
rights. The CWD also determnes which component the registrant should be 
assigned to and the registrant s need for educational and supportive services. 
The CWD enters into a basic contract with the paricipant, using information 
gained in assessment and parcipant s employment goals. 
Participants: 28,792. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  Supportive Services 
Activity:  Child care services ar avaiable to every GAIN parcipant with a child under 
12 years of age who has indicated the need in their basic or amended contract. 
The CWDs are encouraged to contract with existig public and private child care 
programs to provide any or all of the serviceso Child care services aranged by 
the paricipant may be paid for under GAIN. provided those costs do not exceed 
regional market child car cost rates. If a GAIN registrt tenninates AFC 
dependency due to unsubsidized employment, payment for child care services is 
available for a trsition period of 3 months. Transporttion costs ar paid for 
every parcipant to and from his or her GAIN assignment, including 
transportation to and from the child care provider, and transportation for children 
to and from child care. Ancilar expenses shal be paid when necessar up to a 
maximum of $450 per parcipant. These include books, tools, clothing, fees and 
other necessar costs of a work or traiing assignment. A person who has 
personal or family problems that are jeopardizing the successful outcome of the 
employment plan is referrd to appropriate servces to help them and their family 
adjust to the job training assignment. 
Participants: 118,612. 
GAIN wil make the necessar changes to confonn to JOBS 
Planned Changes: 

regulations regarding child care reimbursement and 12 month transitional child 
care. 
Education 
Adult basic education is pre-employment basic education. which includes 
Activity: 
readig, wrting, and arthmetic necessar for employment or job trning, 
includig high school proficiency. 
College and community college education provides suffcient employment skills 
training that can reasonably be expected to lead to 
parcipant employment. 
Vocational English as a second language is intensive 
instrction in English for 
non-English speakg paricipants which is coordinated with specifc job traiing. 
Utilization of self-initiated education programs or an educational program entered 
into as the result of the employment plan shall not exceed 2 academic years. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  18,304 for all educational activities. Those who score below the 
Participants: 
certfication level on the appraisal test are automatically referred to adult basic 
education. 
Employment Services 
Job club consists of job search workshops and supervised job search. 
Activity: 
Job search workshops are group training sessions where 
parcipants lear varous 
skills including how to seek out a job, job development, 
understading employer 
rceqouirenmefntis adnde exnpecctateion.s,  and how to enhance self-esteem , self-image, and
Supervised job search is an organized method of seekig work which includes 
access to phone bans in a clean and well-lighted place, job orders, and diect 
referrs to employers. This process is overseen, reviewed and critiqued by an 
employment counselor. The amount of activity requird durng the supervised 
job search period is detennined based on the parcipant s employment history 
and need for supportve services. 
Unsupervsed job search parcipants independently seek work and make periodic 
progress reports no less frequently than every two weeks to the CWD or the 
agency contractig with the CWD. The CWD or agency may 
veriy the reported 
job search efforts. 
Job placement activities include but are not limited to referrals to jobs listed by 
employers with the Employment Development Deparent s State Job Service. 
Job development paricipants are provided active assistance in seeking 
employment, on a one-to-one basis, by an employment counselor. 
Employment counseling is aimed at helping the 
parcipant reach an infonned 
decision on an appropriate employment goal, and is perfonned by an employment 
counselor. 
Participants: 12 110. 
In order to comply with JOBS, job search activity, whether group 
Anticipated Changes: 

or individual, has been limited to a total of 16 weeks in any 12 ponsecutive month 
period. Of these 16 weeks, at least 8 must be in conjunction with other 
employment or training activity. Additionally, with the implementation of JOBS, 
program paricipation by an applicant is limited to job search. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  On-The-Job Training/Work Supplementation 
On-the-job training is subsidized employment in which a parcipant receives 
Activity: 
job skills training from an employer. At the end of the training, it is expected that 
the paricipant wil be retained by the employer. 
Counties implementing the work supplementation program ar requird to utilze 
grant diversion for the purpose of providing and subsidizing jobs, including 
supported work and transitional employment. Grant diversion is a funding 
mechanism for subsidized employment, in which the parcipant s grant or a 
porton thereof is diverted to the employer as a wage subsidy. 
Participants: 296.

Community Work Experience/PREP 
Nonsalared work experience with public or private nonprofit agencies under 
Activity: 
the pre-employment preparation activity. Basic PREP provides work behavior 
skills and a reference for future unsubsidized employment. Advanced PREP 
provides on-the-job enhancement of existing or recently acquired parcipant 
skills. 
Short-term PREP is limited to 3 months. Long-term PREP is limited to 1 year. 
326 in short-term PREP, and 42 in long-term PREP. 
Participants: 
To comply with JOBS, California has modified the formula for 
Anticipated Changes: 

computing the number of hours a parcipant is required to work each month in a 
CWEP assignment. The modifications to the formula guarantee that the hours 
required per month wil never exceed the maximum hours established under 
JOBS. 
Other Work Experience (Vocational Training/Education) 
Vocational training includes training in employer-specific job skills in a 
Activity: 
classroom or onsite setting, including training provided by local private industr 
council programs and community colleges. 
Participants: 5,540. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  Case Management 
Case management activities generally consist of conducting program 
Activity: 
orientations and appraisals, monitoring registrants who fai to appear at the 
program orientation, assigning paricipants to activities, aranging supponive 
services, monitorig program parcipation and authorizing sanctions. 
California  PROGRAM PROFILE  Appendix A 
CALIFORNIA GAIN PROGRAM OVERVIEW STATEMENT 
(August 1989)

GAIN, which stads for Greater Avenues for Independence, was created in 1985 
in biparsan State legislation which represented a landmark welfare employment 
progr 
Calornia as well as the Nation. The  has provided job 
initiative in 
00 
training, education and employment opportnities to more than 125, enrollees 
since State Fiscal Year 1988. 
Principles 
GAIN is designed to provide welfare recipients with a full range of 
employment-related training and supportve services. The definitive goal of the 
program is to assist Aid to Familes with Dependent Children (AFC) applicants 
and recipients to obtain skils and realze opportunities that lead to jobs which 
provide the means towards family self-suffciency. 
GAIN is based on the following principles: 
Parcipants should be able to choose between program options and be 
responsible for following though; 
Job opportunities should be provided from the earliest point and thoughout 
paricipation; 
Resources should be diected cost effectively; 
Necessar services must be provided to paricipants to meet family needs 
and support parcipation;

Potential paricipants and the public should be provided infonnation to

make them aware of the program goals, objectives, services, opportunities, 
rights and responsibilties; 
No paricipants should be set aside in an unassigned pool; 
Callfomia  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A -1  New progrm investments should be undertaken with cost-effectiveness as 
the primar consideration. 
Program Design

Applicants and recipients of AFDC whose youngest child is at least 3 years old 
must paricipate in GAIN (unless they have an acceptable reason for exemption) 
and are classified as mandatory registrants. Those with childrn under 3 years old 
and those who ar otherwise exempt may volunteer to parcipate and 
encouraged to do so. Mandatory registrants may be temporarly deferred from 
parcipation for specifed reasons. 
Registrants are appraised (apprasal is the initial assessment) by the County 
Welfare Deparment to determne the prelimnar employment goal and the 
appropriate component for initial paricipation. As this time, parcipants are 
tested to determne their need for Adult Basic Education. In addition, background 
information such as employment history, prior AFC receipt and other 
information are recorded in order to assist in parcipation decisions and 
requirements as well as supportve services to be provided. GAIN activities and 
components are listed below in their most common order of progression: 
Initial Components 
Appraisal; 
Job Club, Supervised Job Search and other job search services; 
Adult Basic Education, which includes basic educational skils training, 
English language instrction, high school equivalency instrction, etc; 
Assessment, which includes an in-depth evaluation of the paricipants work 
history, education, skills, interests, aptitudes and other relevant factors and 
is used to reverse or validate the paricipant s original employment plan and 
determne additional GAIN activities which would contrbute towards 
achieving that plan. 
Post-Assessment Components 
Employment-related education including self-initiated programs; 
Job training which includes classroom as well as on-the-job training; 
California  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A -2  90 day job search services, which is job search activity occurrng after an 
education or training activity; 
Work supplementation program activities which include supplemented 
employment, transitional employment and supported work; 
Pr-employment preparation, which is a modified community work 
experience progrm. 
GAIN is a mandatory program, but we do not put our emphasis on penalties. The 
rationale for the mandatory natue of the program was expressed by one of the 
program parcipants in a recent interview with the Washington Post. She said, 
(progr 
If they  managers) didn' t do it like that (clients) wouldn' t come. I 
heard a lot of people saying that at the orientation. " Program requirements may 
initially get people to the orientation, but once clients get though the front door 
it is our job to communicate the advantages of the GAIN program, because 
ultimately, individuals must parcipate wholeheardly, and not primarly because 
they are required to, in order to be successful. In many cases, the hardest thing to 
do is to show clients that they are capable of makng it on their own and 
achieving economic success. 
One of the origial key components of GAIN is Adult Basic Education (ABE). 
Probably the single most common characteristic of most AFC recipients is low 
educational attanment. California s GAIN was one of the first programs to face 
this problem head-on by large-scale testing, marshallng the resources necessar, 
and providing ABE services to GAIN clients who need them. We believe that 
ultimately, this strategy wil have a profound impact on long-term welfar 
dependency. 
Implementation Of JOBS Provisions 
In June 1989, enabling State legislation was enacted to incorporate the provisions 
of the Job Opportnities and Basic Skills Traiing (JOBS) program, as contained 
in the Family Support Act of 1988, into GAIN beginning July 1 , 1989. The 
GAIN program aleady emboded all of the major components offered in JOBS, 
although with some significant differences in definitions and design. Therefore 
JOBS implementation here should be much simpler than in some other Stares 
which wil be building from the ground up. 
I would like to shar some of the lessons we have leared from our experience 
with GAIN in the hope that they provide some guidance to faciltate JOBS 
California  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A -3  implementation in other States. GAIN is analogous to JOBS in many respects, 
and because of this, we believe our GAIN experience may be helpful. 
Implementation Lessons

One of our most important early lessons was that planning takes tie and that the 
best planning uses an open process which includes the afected agencies that are 
the most liely resources: the education and traiing providers, child care 
resource and referral agencies and other organizations both at the State and local 
level. Their early involvement ensurs the most successful implementation, since 
without them there is no service delivery system or, at best, a fragmented one. 
Another important lesson is that implementation taes more time than anyone 
wil anticipate. Negotiatig contracts with training providers takes time. Issues 
surounding what wil be paid for, what reportng and tracking requirments are, 
what the agencies ' roles are and numerous other questions all take time to be 
resolved and negotiated. To ilustrate this with a specific example, local welfare 
deparents found out that their number of referrals to trning providers was far 
lower than anticipated. This caused problems for providers who had set aside 
slots for GAIN parcipants, had hired staff, and set up space. The lower than 
anticipated number of referrals to training providers was due to a greater than 
anticipated need for Adult Basic Education prior to 
traiing. Educational 
providers experienced a slower rate of parcipation due to a number of things: no 
shows at orientation, the ability of the welfare deparent to process parcipants 
timely, the time it took parcipants to make arangements for child care and the 
no-shows at the provider. Resolution of these problems took many months. The 
Deparent of Health and Human Services and States should realize that they 
need to be prepared to spend the necessar time to deal with these kinds of 
problems and to move cautiously on expanding their service delivery networks. 
Tracking and monitoring of GAIN (and JOBS) parcipants requires automated 
systems. These systems unfortunately tae tie to develop, install, test and 
debug. In California, delays in settig up automated systems initially made 
trcking and monitoring clients a nightmar. As these systems have been 
installed and perfected, they have made the case managers ' jobs more 
manageable. They are critical for States to have in place to report on parcipation. 
Flexibilty 
GAIN has evolved by design into 58 dierent program varations in all 58 
counties based on a single unifying program model and purpose. Similarly, JOBS 
wil evolve into at least 50 different program varations in each of the States, all 
with differig local conditions, philosophies, constraits, clients, resources, etc. 
California  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A  This can either be characterized negatively in tenns like nonunifonn and 
inconsistent, or it can be viewed positively, in tenns like innovative and creative. 
Our approach in Calfornia has been the latter. We believe that the program must 
adapt to the environment, and not vice-versa. This is achieved by allowing 
maximum reasonable local program  program 
flexibilty within the overall 
framework. Each county operates GAIN based on its own unique State-approved 
operating plan. The result has been that local agencies have ownership in their 
programs which reinforces responsible local administration. 
Passage of the GAIN Act was only the fIrst step of an expedited, but very 
involved implementation proess. Next came 9 months of preplanning. The fIrst 
county did not begin implementation until 1986 with the last in April of this year. 
We do not expect full phase-in of the caseload unti 1991. Counties were given 2 
years for planning and many of the larger counties took the full 2 years. Durng 
the phase-in process, later implementig counties leared from the experience of 
early operational counties. So did we as State administrators. We leared that not 
all obstacles or solutions can be anticipated in advance and that flexibilty is as 
importt as preplanning. We point this out in order to emphasize that you can 
expect full implementation of JOBS to tae a long time. 
:aseload Phase-In

Statewide implementation, i.e., in all political subdivisions, does not mean that 
' Aid to Familes with Dependent Children (AFC) caseloads in all of 
the States
those jursdictions ar fully phased in. There is no shortcut or magic wand that 
can be waved over the AFC population which wil instantly convert them all 
into JOBS parcipants. Instead, a series of painstakng incremental steps must be 
taken in order to achieve the conversion. The following are some of the crtical 
things which must be accomplished in order to successfully accomplish the 
trsition: 
In-depth planning and laying the necessar groundwork; 
Developing components, providers and contracts; 
Developing procedurs;

Developing tracking and reporting systems; 
Infonning enrollees how the program can benefit each of them individually 
and of their rights and responsibilties; 

California  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A -5  Learing what works and what doesn t and developing solutions; 
Dealing with the unexpected. 
In our experience with GAIN, although shortcuts can seem appealing, they don 
often work. Therefore, the only practical approach to converting an existing 
caseload to JOBS is to allow suffcient time to accomplish al of the necessar 
steps and to maintain the flexibilty to deal with contingencies. 
One final thought is this: don t listen to the skeptics who say it can t be done or 
that it won t work. With a positive attitude, dedication and determnation, the 
JOBS program, like GAIN, can be a success in your State and make a clear, 
positive difference in paricipants' lives. 
California  OVERVIEW STATEMENT  A -6  Appendix B

B.l 
California  SAMPLE DOCUMENTS  GREATER 
GAIN 
AVENUES FOR

INDE PE NOE NCE
GAIN GUIDEBOOK  GAIN 
Welcome to 

You've probably already heard or read a

lot about GAIN'
s education, job training,
counseling and employment opportunities. Now 
that you are 
participating, we d like you to 
know more about GAIN and 
what it can do 
for you.

As you read through this Guidebook 
you'l see why GAIN is truly a 
program that is
going to work for you and your 
children. 
This Guidebook is your GAIN 
manual. It
covers most of the details you wil 
need to
know to participate in GAIN. To make it 
easy,
we have broken the Guidebook into 
nine 
sections.  Table of Contents

Section 1- What GAIN Is And What GAIN 
Can Do For You" explains how the program 
benefits everyone. See page 3. 
Section 2- Who Must Participate
" explains 
who must participate and who can volunteer. 
See page 3. 
Section 3- Who Doesn t Have To Participate 
lists the kinds of people who do not have to 
participate, and the reasons why a person who 
is registered does not have to participate. See 
page 4. 
Section 4- The GAIN Program" describes all 
the steps in the process that wil help 
you find 
a job. See page 

Section 5-
Supportive Services" describes the 
child care and other services that the county 
wil provide for you while you are in GAIN. 
See page 7. 
Section 6- Your Contract" explains how you
and the county wil work together on a plan 
that wil help you find a job. See 
page 8. 
Section 7- "Good Reasons For Not Participat
ing" lists the good reasons which may keep you 
from participating in a GAIN activity that you 
had agreed to in your contract. See page 8. 
Section 8- What Happens If You Do Not 
Participate" explains your rights and how you 
can solve problems that have kept you from 
participating in GAIN. See page 
10. 
Section 9- What You Can Do If You Do Not 
Agree" tells what you may do if you don 
agree with the county about your participation
in the GAIN program. See page II.  Sect.ion 1
 Section 2

What GAIN Is And  Who Must 
What GAIN Can Do  Participate? 
For You 
If you are an Aid to 
Families With 
Dependent Children (AFDC) 
applicant or 
GAIN stands for Greater Avenues for  recipient, and you are not exempt or 
Independence.  deferred, you must participate in 
GAIN. You 
The purpose of the GAIN program is to  would be called a mandatory participant. 
teach. train. counsel and help you find a job. 
Note: Some counties also require 
When you become self-supporting, you and  applicants and recipients of other cash aid 
your children wil enjoy a higher income and
 programs to participate in GAIN. 
a better way of life.  The county wil figure out if you must 
GAIN was designed with you in mind.  participate in GAIN when: 
It's not just another government program. It' 
. you apply for aid; or 
much more than that. 
GAIN is with you  . your eligibilty is redetermined; or 
every step of the 
way, providing you with such important
 . you have a change in your exemption 
supportive services as child care,  or deferral status. 
transportation and work- or training-
Even if you are exempt and you do not 
related expenses.

have to participate in GAIN, you can 
. GAIN helps you get the skils that are 
volunteer. You would be called a voluntary 
needed in today s work force. You could 
participant. 
become a technician , salesperson 
If you wil be a GAIN 
anyone of hundreds of  participant, the 
assembler or 
other professionals. You'l learn skils  county wil send or give you a GAIN 
registration notice. This wil tell you that you 
that wil help you get a job in your 
are now in GAIN. 
local labor market. 
Private industry and 
businesses throughout 
California are also actively involved.

Once you re in GAIN and have been 
trained, you ll have a better chance at getting a 
job you want.

Everyone wins. You gain a job and a

future. Private industry and 
business gain a 
skiled work force.  ...
Section 3 
J'j. 
Who Doesn 
t Have To 
Participate 
Exemptions  Deferrals 
You are exempt and do not have to 
DefeITal does not exempt you. DefeITal 
panicipate in GAIN if you:  means that when a temporar situation keeps you 
from tang par in the program, you do not have 
. Are under 16 years old. 
to parcipate until the temporar situation 
. Are 16, 17 or 18 years old and go to  changes. Under certn circumstaces, you may 
school (not college) full-time. 
be defeITed if you: 
. Are temporarly il or have an injur  . Ar drg or alcohol dependent. 
that would keep you from working. 
. Have emotional or menta problems. 
. Are 65 years old or older.  . Are havig legal diculties, such as 
required 
. Are physically or mentally unable to work.  cour appearances. 
. Are pregnant and the baby is due within  . Do not have the legal right to work in 
six months  the United States. 
. Live so far away from the welfare offce  . Are having a severe famly crisis. 
or service provider that you cannot  . Are in good stading in a union that 
parcipate.  hirg. 
controls refeITs and 
. Must stay at home to tae care  . Are temporary laid off from a job but 
someone in the household who is unable to  have a defite cal-back date. 
care for himself or herself. 
workig 15 
. Are  or more hours per 
. Work or expet to work 30 hours or  week. 
more per week in regular employment that  . Have a tempora iless or have a 
should last at least 30 days. 
famly member who is temporary il. 
. Are the parent or caretaker of a child  . Are in the fit thee months of pregnancy. 
Iundfer th ee years old, and are responsible for 
who has a chid age 3, 4 or 
. Are a parent 
providing care for the child. 
and are enrolled in school for at least 12 unts 
credit. 
you are a parent who is under 20 
Note I:

years old and don t have a high school diploma or  . Are a 16 or 17 year old parent, do not have a 
GED, diferent rules apply to you. You must  high school diploma and are not curently in 
school. 
parcipate no matter how old your child is, unless 
you have another reason to be exempt.  . Are a parnt who is not the prcipal eaer
or an adult relative carg for a child, when the 
Note II: If you are the parent or caretaer of  pricipal eaer or other aided adult is in the 
a child age thee though five and are responsible  home and is parcipating in GAI. 
for providing care for the child, you are only 
Note: Your county may ask for proof 
required to parcipate up to 20 hours per week. 
when you clai any of the above exemptions 
or defeITals. Your GAI worker can review 
your situation at any time. DefeITals wil be 
reviewed at leat every six months.  . '
. \\
Section 4

The GAIN Program

There are many paths for GAIN 
participants. 
Your path may not 
involve every step of 
the GAIN program. A lot 
depends on your 
education and job history. Each step is 
described below and shown on the chart 
the back of this 
Guidebook. This wil help 
you understand what choices you have and 
how you wil move through the program.

Let's start at the beginning. 
APPRAISAL-
The county wil decide if 
you are  participate in GAIN. If 
required to 
you are exempt or deferred, you wil not 
have to participate in GAIN. Exemptions and 
deferrals are explained in Section 3. 
Shortly after you enter the 
program, you 
wil be given a test. This test wil help the  The next step in the program is based 
county decide if you need to go to school.  on your past or current aid status and job 
history: 
Your worker wil look over your work 
history. education and your test results, and  .If you have been taken off aid two or 
sign a contract with you. The contract is  more times in the past three years because of 
described in Section 6.  employment, you wil immediately move on 
BASIC EDUCATION SERVICES-Your  to the Assessment activity of the GAIN 
education is important to GAIN. If you  program. 
haven t completed high school, or do not  .If you haven  worked for two or more

have basic reading or math skils,  years. you wil go to Job Club. 
or do not 
speak English, you wil go  .If you've had a job during the last two 
to an educational 
activity.  years, you can choose to go to either Job 
ADULT BASIC EDUCATION teaches  Club or Job Search. 
ead ing and math skils  JOB CLUB-Job Club lasts for up to
necessary to get a 
Job or go on to other GAIN activities.  three weeks. First you learn how to prepare
ENGLISH-AS- SECOND LANGUAGE  applications and job resumes, how to 
to find jobs. This is 
teaches you English skils if you do not speak
 interview and  how 
English.  followed by supervised job search. If you
GED CLASSES prepare those who do  don t find a job at the end of the Job Club, 
not have a high school diploma to get a
 yOU wil move on to the Assessment activity 
GED certificate.  of the GAIN program. 
Note: You can choose to complete your  JOB SEARCH-County workers wil 
schooling before, during or after your
 give you job interview leads and help you 
participation in Job Club or Job Search.  look fl)r a job. If, at the end of three weeks, 
you have not found a job, you wil move on 
to the Assessment activity of the GAIN 
program.  . .
SELF-INITIATED PROGRAMS-
cash aid could be used to help pay for your

you are 
already in a job training or 
wages (grant diversion). You wil contin 
education program that the county  e to 
determines 
receive at least as much as your cash ald. 
wil likely lead to a job, GAIN 
wil allow  VOCATIONAL TRAINING wil teach 
you to continue this program. Supportive
you to qualify for a specific job. This
services wil be provided if needed.  . is 
generally provided in a classroom settmg. 
Participation in self-initiated programs is 
TRANSITIONAL EMPLOYMENT wil 
limited to two school years. 
train you for a certain type of job in an 
ASSESSMENT-The goal of this 
actual work setting. The job is set 
up for you 
activity is for you and the county to put 
and may involve some other training before 
together an employment plan to help you get
you begin. You wil get a paycheck but all or
a job. To do this, the 
assessor wil look at  part of your cash aid wil be 
used to help 
your abilities, interests, achievement tests, 
pay for your wages (grant diversion). You 
work history and education. Then you wil 
wil continue to receive at least as much 
work closely with your GAIN worker or the 
your cash aid. 
assessor to set up employment goals and 
SUPPORTED WORK wil 
t-rnetables and to  teach you 
decide the help you'l need 
basic skils while working. Along with other 
to meet your goal. If you and your GAIN 
participants, you wil 
worker can t agree on what step you wil go  receive intensive su port
services, training, supervision and counseling
to next, a review wil be. made of your 
to help you handle job duties. You wil get a
assessment and employment plan. (See 
paycheck but all or part 
Section 9.  of your cash aid 
wil be used to help pay for your wages 
Your employment plan wil help you and
(grant diversion). You wil 
the county decide what your next step wil continue to receive 
at least as much as your cash aid. 
be. This can include the following activities: 
SHORT TERM PREP-PREP means  EDUCATION AND JOB SERVICES. 
These activities could be 
Pre-Employment Preparation. Short term  college courses, 
PREP lasfs for up to three months. During vocational English-as-a-Second Language, or 
that time you wil train and work with a  adult education. You might receive special 
public or private non-profit organization like  services to help you learn how to find a job.
These could include job 
the Y M C A to gain work experience and  search workshops, 
develop your skills. You wil not get wages  supervised job search, unsupervised job 
but you wil keep getting your cash aid and jsoearcbh,  jpob lcoaunsceleing,m jobe denvetlo.pment or

other benefits. 
You may go to BASIC PREP which will  If you have completed your tramlng or 
give you experience and training in the  education but don t find a job right away, 
working world, and wil prepare you for  you wil be referred to 9ODAY JOB 
SEARCH. During this period, job 
future training. Or you may go to  services 
set up 
ADVANCED PREP which wil give you  wil be  based on your individual 
needs. 
additional training to increase job skils you 
already have.
 LONG TERM PREP-If you don 
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING wil allow  successfully complete your training 
you to learn a job skill while working. You  education program, you wil be referred to 
wil get a paycheck, but all or part of your  long-term BASIC PREP. The purpose of this  Section 5

Supportive 
Services

activity is to improve work skils and  GAIN understands that you may need
attitude. This assignment wil be for up to  more than just training and job counseling to
one year and wil be reviewed after six  take part in the GAIN program. That is why
your county wil help you arrange 
months.  and/ or
If you don t find a job during the 90-day  pay for child care, transportation and other 
job search period, you wil be assigned to  supportive services described below. If you 
long-term ADVANCED PREP. This  need it and ask for it, your county wil give
assignment will last for one year unless you  you the money for your supportive services 
find a job first. Your PREP assignment will  before the service is used. That way, you 
be reviewed after six months. After long-term  won t be out any money-even for a short 
PREP, your employment plan may be revised  time. If other funding sources are not 
and you may be referred for more work or  available or are not enough to meet all your 
training assignments to help you reach your  costs , your county must pay for the 
job goals.  following: 
As you can see, the whole idea of GAIN  Child care costs for any of your children 
is to give you a range of training and  who are under 12, if necessary for you to 
services. You wil develop skils so you can  participate in GAIN. Your county wil help
find the job that's right for you. GAIN  you arrange for child care or you can make 
with you all the way to make sure that  your own arrangements. You can choose the 
nothing stands in the way of your success.  kind of child care you want, like a child care 
center, relatives, friends or neighbors. 
Payments can be made to 
licensed child care

providers and, in some cases, to persons who
don t need to be licensed. Payments will be
made at the rate that is 
normally charged in
the area where you live. If you 
find a job, 
you may be able to get child 
care payments 
for another three months.

Transportation costs up to a certin 
amount for travel to and from your GAIN 
assignment, and for you and your children to 
travel to and from 
child care. 
Work- or training-related cOls up to
certain amount for 
books, tools and speial
clothing that you 
need as part of your GAIN 
assignment.  co.. 
If you 
need persnal  to help 
you participate in GAIN , and Itl"te 
are 
available in your 
community, tht county wil
refer you to those places which 1M) be able 
to help you.
 Ir", 
Section 6
 Section 7

Your Contract  Good Reasons for 
Not Participating 
Your contract is an important agreement.  GAIN recognizes that you may have a 
It tells you how you and the 
county wil  good reason for not 
signing a contract to 
work together so that you can get and keep  participate. for not taking part in one of the 
a job. It is not a one-sided contract. It will  GA I N activities that you agreed to in your 
make sure the county keeps its promises for 
contract. or for not accepting a job offer or 
training and services for as long as you are  job referral. Some of the
se reasons are 
taking part in the GAIN 
program and  related to you personally and some are 
receiving cash aid. 
related to the assignment.

Your GAIN worker wil 
help you review 
Reasons related to you: 
your contract. Your contract with the county

tells you what you must do and what the  . You are temporarily il or physically or

county must do to make GAIN work for  mentally unable to work.

you. The contract has two parts:  . You are required to appear in court or 
. The GAIN GENERAL AGREEMENT  are in jail. 
(which includes this GAIN Guidebook).  . You are having a family crisis or there is 
This agreement tells you about the  a change in your family's circumstances. This 
program. the county's responsibilities.  could include the death of your spouse.

your rights and responsibilities . the good  parent or child. or any ilness that needs

reasons you might  your immediate attention. 
have for not 
participating. and what the penalties are  . Bad weather or other serious acts of 
if you refuse to participate without a  nature prevent you from traveling to your 
good reason. This agreement applies as  work or training assignment. 
long as you are in GAtN.  . Transportation arrangements fail and 
. The GAIN ACTIVITY AGREEMENT  other transportation cannot be arranged. 
This tells you in which part of the  . You need a social 
service to participate 
program you are participating. This  that has not been provided.

changes as you move from  . You refuse to accept major medical 
activity to 
activity.  services even if your refusal means that you 
Read ' your contract carefully. If you  cannot participate in the program. 
have any questions . be sure to ask your  . Licensed or exempt child care is not 
GAIN worker. You and your GAIN worker  reasonably available during your training, 
employment or travel time. "Reasonably 
wil sign each agreement.

You must continue to  available" child care includes having two 
participate in the 
GAIN program. moving from one activity to  choices that do not require: 
another as you move toward your goal of  - adding more than 30 minutes one-way 
getting a job.  to your travel time; or 
There are two ways that the contract  - moving your child to a 
different school. 
may end: 
. A breakdown or interruption in child 
. You stop receiving cash aid; or

care arrangements.

. You become exempt or deferred. 
. Suitable child care is not reasonably 
(See Section 3. 
available for children with disabilties, chronic 
ilnesses or other 
special needs. 
. You are currently employed or are in a  training program that meets the goals of  be a promotion for current employees 
GAIN and you have notified and received 
prior approval from your GAIN worker.  - to fill a position of a current employee 
. Any good reason not listed above if 
before proper personnel procedures or

your GAIN worker agrees.  collective bargaining procedures have 
Note: You will not be subject to 
been applied 

penalties if you are absent or late less than  - to fill a position created by an 
ten percent (10%) of the weekly hours you  employers attempt to reduce payroll or 
are required to participate. It is important  other costs by laying off current 
that you know that the unused absent/ late 
employe 
hours cannot be applied to the next week.  - to fill a position created by a strike. 
Reasons related to the activity assignment,  lockout or other labor disagreement  VI' 
- to fill a  any 
job referral or job:  position that violates 
existing collective bargaining agreements 
. Discrimination because of age. sex. race.

between employees and employers. 
color, religion. national or ethnic origin. 
. The job or work activity does not 
physical or mental disability. political 
Bffiliation or marital status.  provide worker s compensation. 
. Travel to work or training from your  . Accepting a job or work activity would 
home is more than two hours round trip by  cause you to violate the terms of your union 
more  membership. 
Mir, bus or other transportation. or 
than two miles round trip if you have to  . The job requires more daily or weekly 
walk because other transportation is not  hours than is normal or customary.

available.  . You are not receiving the supportive 
Note: The limit on travel and mileage  services agreed to in your contract. 
does not include transportation time or  . Expenses such as clothes. books and 
members of your family to  tools are more than GAIN can pay for. 
mileage to take 
school or to and from  . The job is at a pay level that would 
and from  other care 
providers.  leave you with less income than what you 
. Conditions or responsibilties that could  are now receiving unless the job fits the goals 
be harmful to you physically or mentally or  of your employment plan. 
that are not within your ability to do on a  . Accepting a job or work activity would 
regular basis.  interrupt or interfere with an approved 
. Conditions that violate health and safety  education or training assignment. or would 
standards.  keep you from returning to your regular job 
. Your training or educational program or  which is expected to be available soon. 
job does .oot meet the goal of your  Note: There are three exceptions to this 
employment plan.  last reason. It would not apply to you if 
. Your job or training slot was created:  your training program is a PREP assignment. 
I t would not apply if the job offer provides 
- to have you take the 
place of a current 
employment or gives you enough income to 
cmployee 
and is within your 
lead to self-support 
- to work the overtime hours of these  employment plan. And it would not apply to 
employees 
you if the job is temporary while you are 
- to fil a position that would normally  waiting to be rehired in your regular job.  ~~~~
Iril 
;ci'I' 
Section 8 
 QN1

What Happens If 
You 
Do Not Participate

As you know, participation in GAIN is  Financial Sanctions-Your family s cash 
mandatory for all able-bodied AFDC  aid will be stopped or lowered if you fail or 
applicants and recipients. Exemptions and  refuse to meet program requirements without a 
good reason and conciliation does not work. 
deferrals are listed in Section 3.

If, for any reason, you do not partici Your family s aid payment will be 
pate, the following steps will be taken:  lowered by not including you in the payment. 
If you are receiving aid because you are 
Cause Determination-If you do not unemployed, and your wife/husband is not 
meet GAIN program requirements, you have  participating, she/he will be given the 
the right to explain why. The county will  opportunity to participate. If she/he does not 
decide if it is a good reason. (See Section 7.  participate, your family s aid payment will
be lowered by not including you and your 
If you have a good reason for not  wife/husband in the payment. If she/he does 
participating, your GAIN worker will help  participate, your family s aid will still be 
you so that you will be able to participate. If  lowered by not including you in the payment. 
(:iha s can t be made, you will not have to
artlclpate.  The first time, your family s aid will be 
lowered until you do what GAIN requires. 
Conciliation-If you do not meet GAIN  The second time, your family s aid will be 
program requirements and your GAIN  lowered for at least three months. After three 
worker decides there is not a good reason  months, the sanction will stop if you do what 
you have the right to have another county  GAIN requires. The third or additional time 
representative review this decision. If this  your family s aid will be lowered for at least 
review determines that there is not a good  six months. After six months, the sanction 
reason, you and your GAIN worker wiII  will stop if you do what GAIN requires. 
develop a plan for you to meet the program 
requirements. This process can last no more  Note: 
Financial sanctions do not apply 
to volunteers. 
than 30 days.

Penalty for Volunteers-If you volunteer 
for the GAIN program but fail to meet the 
requirements without a good reason, financial 
sanctions will not apply to you. Instead, you 
may not be allowed to paricipate in GAIN.  " . " .:. ,  ...  ':
:. ,  ::' . .. - - . -. " , '

:,:.:-.;. .. ':':::.: .. :-"::':.::.':: :-.::.:;:.(.:..:-;:.:.:' :':?::'.'.  - . ::" :.:: ;"-:::  "-:::::::.:- ' . : ::-:':::':' :::. :" .:::: .:-:::.  : '
..... n.. 
; n

i Section 9
 f;*!!. 
What You Can Do If 
Do Not Agree

You 
There are four ways you can protest a  State Hearing-This is the same process 
program or pancipation requirement that you do  you can use when you do not agree with any 
not agree with.  action your local welfare office 
taes about 
your cash aid. Your GAIN worker will help 
Formal Grievance Set by the  you file for a State hearing if you want one. 
Unemployment Insurance Code-
Your county  You can request a rehearing after the State 
wil offer a plan to help you solve the problem.  decision is reached. 
If you do not agree with your GAIN worker 
plan, you may design your own plan. The  Depending on what process you use, and 
county wil work with you to decide on the  when you file an appeal, penalties (financial 
best plan for you to follow. This process can  sanctions) can be avoided. (See Section 8. 
last up to 30 days. 
. If you use the formal grievance pro
Formal Grievance Set by the County 
cesses, you must continue to meet program 
- Board of Supervisors-This is the process  requirements and participate until the 
adopted by your County Board of 
grievance is decided, or penalties will be 
Supervisors. Your GAIN worker will tell you 
applied. 
how this grievance process works. 
. If you have an independent assessment 
Independent Assessment-If you don 
done, no penalties will be applied while you 
agree with the results of your assessment or 
await the results of the review. 
employment plan, someone who is not a 
county representative will review your 
. If you file for a State hearng before the 
assessment and do another one if necessar. 
penalties start, penalties will not be applied 
The results of this .independent assessment 
until after the hearing is decided. 
will be used to set up your employment plan. 
You have the right to seek legal advice during any of these processes. For help, contact your 
legal aid office at the address below:  GM P 
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r- A Final Word

We wrote this Guidebook to tell 
you how GAIN works for you and 
how you can get the most out of the 
program. 
This Guidebook should answer 
most questions you may have about 
supportive services, training and 
education, job opportunities, your 
contract, and your rights and 
have 
responsibilties. If you stil 
Your 
questions. please be sure to ask. 
county GAIN staff is here to help you 
and your family. 
Remember, the goal of GAIN is 
compete for and 
to prepare you to 
job-not a "make work" job, 
find a 
but a job with a real future.

GA I N is going to work in 
California. By taking part in the 
GAIN program, you wil go from 
being dependent on welfare to being 
independent through employment. 
Good Luck!  Notes
 STATE OF CALIFORNIA 
George Deukmejian, Governor 
HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY

Clifford L. Allenby, Secretary 
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES 
Linda S. McMahon, Director 
PU 
168 (7188)  88 78113