DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                Fish and Wildlife Service
                50 CFR Parts 10, 17, and 21
                [Docket No. FWSHQMB20220036; FXMB12320900000//223//FF09M30000]
                RIN 1018BG04
                General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds
                
                    AGENCY:
                    Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
                
                
                    ACTION:
                    Proposed rule.
                
                
                    SUMMARY:
                    We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to revise the List of Birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) by both adding and removing species. Reasons for the changes to the list include adding species based on new taxonomy and new evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories, removing species no longer known to occur within the United States or U.S. territories, and changing names to conform to accepted use. The net increase of 13 species (16 added and three removed) would bring the total number of species protected by the MBTA to 1,106. We also propose to revise the scientific name of a species subject to specific migratory-bird-permit regulations and to revise corresponding entries for several migratory bird species that are also listed on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the Endangered Species Act to reflect currently accepted taxonomy and nomenclature.
                    
                        We regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for public notification, regulatory, and law-
                        
                        enforcement purposes. These revisions would also ensure consistency in the use of common and scientific names across Service regulations.
                    
                
                
                    DATES:
                    
                        We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before February 10, 2023. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal eRulemaking Portal (see 
                        ADDRESSES,
                         below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date.
                    
                
                
                    ADDRESSES:
                    
                        You may submit comments by one of the following methods: (1) 
                        Electronically:
                         Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: 
                        https://www.regulations.gov.
                         In the Search box, enter FWSHQMB20220036, which is the docket number for this rulemaking. Then, click on the Search button. On the resulting page, in the Search panel on the left side of the screen, under the Document Type heading, click on the Proposed Rule box to locate this document. You may submit a comment by clicking on Comment.
                    
                    
                        (2) 
                        By hard copy:
                         Submit by U.S. mail or hand-delivery to: Public Comments Processing, Attn: FWSHQMB20220036, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MS: PRB/3W, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 220413803.
                    
                    
                        We request that you send comments only by the methods described above. We will post all comments on 
                        https://www.regulations.gov.
                         This generally means that we will post any personal information you provide us (see IV. Public Comments, below, for more information).
                    
                
                
                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                    Eric L. Kershner, Chief, Division of Bird Conservation, Permits, and Regulations; Migratory Bird Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: MB; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 220413803; (703) 3582376; or Lisa Ellis, Chief, Branch of Recovery and Conservation; Ecological Services; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: ES; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 220413803; (703) 3582307. Individuals in the United States who are deaf, deafblind, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or TeleBraille) to access telecommunications relay services. Individuals outside the United States should use the relay services offered within their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in the United States.
                
            
            
                SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                I. List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13)
                Statutory Authority of the Service for Maintaining and Revising the List of Birds Protected by the MBTA
                We have statutory authority and responsibility for implementing and enforcing the MBTA (16 U.S.C. 703712), the Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95616; 16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a742j, not including 742d1). The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as follows:
                
                    (1) 
                    Canada:
                     Convention between the United States and Great Britain [on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended by Protocol between the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada Amending the 1916 Convention between the United Kingdom and the United States of America for the Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. Treaty Doc. 10428 (December 14, 1995);
                
                
                    (2) 
                    Mexico:
                     Convention between the United States and Mexico for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended March 10, 1972 (23 U.S.T. 260; T.I.A.S. 7302) and by Protocol with Mexico amending Convention for Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Doc. 10526 (May 5, 1997);
                
                
                    (3) 
                    Japan:
                     Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and
                
                
                    (4) 
                    Russia:
                     Convention between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment (Russia), November 19, 1976, 29 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073).
                
                What is the purpose of this rulemaking?
                Our purpose is to inform the public of updates to the list of species protected by the MBTA and its implementing regulations. These regulations are found in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at parts 10, 20, 21, and 92. We regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of birds protected by the MBTA. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for notifying the public and other federal, state, and tribal agencies of which species are subject to regulatory protections.
                Why is this amendment of the List of Birds protected by the MBTA necessary?
                The amendments we are proposing are needed to:
                (1) Add 11 species based on new distributional records documenting their natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories since 2019;
                (2) Add five species newly recognized as a result of recent taxonomic changes;
                (3) Remove three species not known to occur within the boundaries of the United States or U.S. territories as a result of recent taxonomic changes;
                (4) Change the common (English) names of eight species to conform to accepted use; and
                (5) Change the scientific names of 22 species to conform to accepted use.
                The List of Birds Protected by the MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) was last revised on April 16, 2020 (85 FR 21282). The amendments proposed in this rule were necessitated by two published supplements and one published addendum to a supplement to the 7th (1998) edition of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU, now recognized as the American Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American Birds (AOS 2020a, 2020b, 2021 and 2022) and the 2019 and 2021 publications of the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2019, 2021).
                What scientific authorities are used to amend the List of Birds protected by the MBTA?
                
                    Although bird names (common and scientific) are relatively stable, staying current with standardized use is necessary to avoid confusion in communications. In making our determinations, we primarily relied on the AOS's Checklist of North American birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually (AOS 2020a, 2020b, 2021, and 2022), on matters of taxonomy, nomenclature, and the sequence of species and other higher taxonomic categories (Orders, Families, Subfamilies) for species that occur in North America. The AOU (now AOS) Checklist of North American Birds (Checklist), developed by the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, has been the recognized taxonomic authority for North American birds since publication of the first edition of the Checklist in 1886. The committee compiles the taxonomic foundation for ornithology in North America; they evaluate and publish the latest scientific developments in the systematics, classification, 
                    
                    nomenclature, and distribution of North American birds. Thus, the AOS's Checklist represents the best scientific information available for developing the North American component of this List of Birds Protected by the MBTA. In keeping with the increasing numbers of study areas on which taxonomy relies, the committee incorporates expertise in phylogenetics, genomics, vocalizations, morphology, behavior, and geographical distribution, as well as general ornithological knowledge. The AOS Checklist contains all bird species that have occurred in North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands, and includes distributional information for each species, which specifies whether the species is known to occur in the United States. The committee also keeps and updates a list of species known to occur in the United States.
                
                For the species that occur in the U.S. territories outside the geographic area covered by the AOS Checklist, we relied primarily on the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements Checklist) (Clements et al. 2007), the Clements Checklist 2019 and 2021 installment of updates and corrections (Clements et al. 2019, 2021), and other peer-reviewed literature where appropriate. The Clements Checklist is a list of all known bird species in the world and is maintained and updated annually by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology (CLO). The CLO relies on different regional ornithological authorities to compile the Clements Checklist, using the AOS for the western hemisphere. Taxonomy and nomenclature are the primary focus of the Clements Checklist, but range descriptions are maintained and updated based on the best available information and do not include records of vagrancy. Although we primarily rely on the above sources, when informed taxonomic opinion is inconsistent or controversial, we evaluate available published and unpublished information and come to our own conclusion regarding the validity of taxa and whether to include taxonomic changes. We also evaluate available documentation for new species documented to occur naturally in the United States or U.S. territories and come to our own conclusion regarding addition to the List of Birds Protected by the MBTA.
                
                    For this update, we reviewed 13 species that were added to the AOS Checklist based on new natural distribution in the United States or U.S. territories (AOS 2020a, 2021, and 2022). Based on the available evidence and criteria to identify individual species that qualify for protection by the MBTA (see below), we propose to add 11 of the 13 species. We elected not to add two of the 13 species, Red-backed Shrike, 
                    Lanius collurio,
                     and Graylag Goose, 
                    Anser anser.
                     When we reviewed the evidence for the record of Red-backed Shrike that was accepted by AOS, along with an analysis from an AOS committee member, we learned the shrike in question was a juvenile. It is unknown how reliably juveniles of Red-backed Shrike can be distinguished from juvenile Red-tailed Shrikes, 
                    Lanius phoenicuroides,
                     and the two species are known to commonly hybridize as well. While there are descriptions available in the literature of adult hybrids of these two shrike species, this is not the case for juvenile hybrids. Therefore, due to the challenges in identification, we decided not to include this record at this time. Regarding the Graylag Goose, we considered the regulatory implications of adding it to the list because the species intermixes with other goose species that may be hunted under the Service's and State hunting regulations. We decided not to add the species at this time while we consider those regulatory implications, similar to how we treated the split of Cackling Goose, 
                    Branta hutchinsii,
                     from Canada Goose, 
                    Branta canadensis,
                     in 2013 (78 FR 65844), later adding the species to the 10.13 list in 2020 (85 FR 21282). We may reconsider adding this species in a subsequent update to the list once the frequency of the species occurring in the U.S. is better understood and what the implications to hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20 would be. We reserve the right to revisit these decisions if additional information becomes available.
                
                As is customary with species subject to our hunting regulations at 50 CFR part 20, we consulted with the Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic Flyway Councils in our review of the taxonomic split of Mexican Duck from Mallard. We also reviewed published scientific literature regarding the Mallard split (Bellrose 1976; Hubbard 1977; Brown 1985; Lavretsky et al. 2015, 2019; Chesser et al. 2020). Ultimately, we concluded to propose adding Mexican Duck to the list.
                What criteria are used to identify individual species protected by the MBTA?
                A species qualifies for protection under the MBTA by meeting one or more of the following criteria:
                
                    (1) It occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes and is currently, or was previously listed as, a species or part of a family protected by one of the four international treaties or their amendments. A naturally occurring species is protected by the MBTA as a member of a protected family even if the species is ecologically nonmigratory, meaning it does not exhibit seasonal movements (also known as a resident species). For example, the Bushtit (
                    Psaltriparus minimus
                    ) is a resident, non-migratory species and is included in 50 CFR 10.13 because it occurs in a family (Aegithalidae) that is protected by the bilateral treaty with Canada. Any species that occurs in the United States or U.S. territories solely as a result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction does not qualify for the MBTA list, regardless of whether the family the species belongs to is listed in any of the treaties, unless:
                
                 It was either native to the United States or its territories and extant in 1918; or
                 It was extirpated after 1918 throughout its range in the United States and its territories, and, after such extirpation, it was reintroduced in the United States or its territories as part of a program carried out by a federal agency.
                (2) Revised taxonomy results in it being newly split from a species that was previously on the list, and the new species occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes. If a newly recognized native species is considered extinct (following the classification of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) or, for species not covered by the AOS, the Clements Checklist or peer-reviewed literature), that species will still be included if either of the following criteria apply:
                 The species resembles extant species included in the list that may be affected by trade or other commercial activities if the species is not included; or
                 Not including the species may create difficulties implementing the MBTA and its underlying Conventions.
                
                    (3) New evidence exists for its natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories resulting from new or natural distributional changes and the species belongs to a protected family. Records must be documented, accepted, and published by the AOS committee. For the U.S. Pacific territories that fall outside the geographic scope of the AOS and for which there is no identified ornithological authority, new evidence of a species' natural occurrence will be based on the Clements Checklist and then published peer-reviewed literature, 
                    
                    in that order. Records and the evidence supporting their acceptance by the AOS, Clements Checklist, or peer-reviewed literature are reviewed independently by the Service before we proposed adding the species to the list.
                
                
                    In accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA) (Pub. L. 108447, December 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2809, 307172), we only include migratory bird species that are native to the United States or U.S. territories. A native migratory bird species is one that is present as a result of natural biological or ecological processes. The list at 50 CFR 10.13 does not include nonnative species that occur in the United States or U.S. territories solely as a result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction(s). An amended list of the nonnative bird species that have been introduced by humans into the United States or U.S. territories and to which the MBTA does not apply was published in the 
                    Federal Register
                     on April 16, 2020 (85 FR 21262), with a correction published on May 3, 2021 (86 FR 23422).
                
                What species are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act?
                The MBTA does not apply to:
                (1) Nonnative species introduced into the United States or U.S. territories by means of intentional or unintentional human assistance that belong to families or groups covered by the Canadian, Mexican, or Russian Conventions. Note, though, that native species that are introduced into parts of the United States where they are not native are still protected under the MBTA regardless of where they occur in the United States or U.S. territories.
                (2) Species native or nonnative to the United States or U.S. territories that either belong to families or groups not referred to in the Canada, Mexico, and Russia Conventions or are not included by species name in the Japan Convention. This includes the Tinamidae (tinamous), Megapodiidae (megapodes), Cracidae (chachalacas), Odontophoridae (New World quail), Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and turkeys), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse), Heliornithidae (finfoots), Burhinidae (thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles), Todidae (todies), Psittacidae (parrots), Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Dicruridae (drongos), Monarchidae (monarchs), Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Scotocercidae (bush warblers and allies), Zosteropidae (white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings, except as listed in Japanese treaty), Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae (estrildid finches), and Passeridae (Old World sparrows, including house or English sparrow), as well as numerous other families not represented in the United States or U.S. territories.
                How would the proposed changes affect the List of Birds protected by the MBTA?
                The proposed amendments (16 additions, three removals, and 30 name changes) would affect a total of 47 species and would result in a net addition of 13 species to the List of Migratory Birds Protected by the MBTA, increasing the number of species on the list from 1,093 to 1,106. Five of the 16 species that we would add to the list are new species that have been recognized as a result of a taxonomic split and occur in the U.S. or U.S. territories and were previously covered under the MBTA as members of listed species (conspecific). These proposed amendments can be logically arranged in the following five categories:
                (1) Add 11 species based on review and acceptance by the AOS (since 2019), or by other appropriate ornithological authorities, and the Service of new distributional records documenting their occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories. These species belong to families covered by at least one of the four international conventions, and all are considered to be of accidental or casual occurrence. For each species, we list the State or U.S. territory in which it has been recorded plus the relevant publication:
                
                    Chestnut-winged Cuckoo, 
                    Clamator coromandus
                    Guam (Kastner et al, 2018);
                
                
                    Dark-billed Cuckoo, 
                    Coccyzus melacoryphus
                    Texas and Florida (AOS 2020a);
                
                
                    Hooded Crane, 
                    Grus monacha
                    Alaska (AOS 2022);
                
                
                    Northern Giant-Petrel, 
                    Macronectes halli
                    Washington (AOS 2022);
                
                
                    Long-legged Buzzard, 
                    Buteo rufinus
                    Alaska (AOS 2020a);
                
                
                    Pallas's Gull, 
                    Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
                    Alaska (AOS 2021);
                
                
                    Inca Tern, 
                    Larosterna inca
                    Hawaii (AOS 2022);
                
                
                    Small-billed Elaenia, 
                    Elaenia parvirostris
                    Illinois (AOS 2022);
                
                
                    Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler, 
                    Helopsaltes certhiola
                    Alaska (AOS 2021);
                
                
                    Blue-and-white Swallow, 
                    Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
                    Texas (AOS 2022); and
                
                
                    Naumann's Thrush, 
                    Turdus naumanni
                    Alaska (AOS 2022).
                
                
                    (2) Add five species because of recent taxonomic changes in which taxa formerly treated as conspecific have been determined to be distinct species (
                    i.e.,
                     a taxonomic split). Given that each of these species was formerly treated as conspecific with a listed species, these additions would not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the AOS or relevant publication supporting the change:
                
                
                    Mexican Duck, 
                    Anas diazi
                    formerly considered conspecific with Mallard, 
                    Anas platyrhynchos
                     (AOS 2020a);
                
                
                    Short-billed Gull, 
                    Larus brachyrhynchus
                    formerly named Mew Gull and considered
                
                
                    conspecific with 
                    Larus canus,
                     which now has the English name of Common Gull and
                
                remains on the list based on prior occurrences of the Common Gull taxon in the United
                States (AOS 2021);
                
                    Puerto Rican Mango, 
                    Anthracothorax aurulentus
                    formerly considered conspecific with 
                
                
                    Antillean Mango, 
                    Anthracothorax dominicus
                     (AOS 2022);
                
                
                    Asian Stonechat, 
                    Saxicola maurus
                    formerly considered conspecific with Stonechat, 
                    Saxicola
                
                
                    torquatus
                     (AOS 2022); and
                
                
                    Chihuahuan Meadowlark, 
                    Sturnella lilianae
                    formerly considered conspecific with Eastern
                
                
                    Meadowlark, 
                    Sturnella manga
                     (AOS 2022).
                
                
                    (3) Remove three species based on revised taxonomic treatments, either because a species is taxonomically merged with another species, either on or off the list; a species previously on the list is taxonomically split into multiple species and the new species is not known to occur within the United States or U.S. territories; or the species is considered extinct (following the classification of the AOS or, for species not covered by the AOS, the Clements Checklist or peer-reviewed literature) unless any of the following criteria apply: It is protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 
                    et seq.
                    ), or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES; 27 U.S.T. 1087); it resembles extant species included in the list that may be affected by its removal; or its removal would create difficulties implementing the MBTA and its underlying Conventions. In each case, we reference the publication supporting these changes:
                
                
                    Northwestern Crow, 
                    Corvus caurinus,
                     is lumped with American Crow, 
                    Corvus brachyrhynchos
                     (AOS 2020a);
                
                
                    Antillean Mango, 
                    Anthracothorax dominicus
                     (AOS 2022); and
                
                
                    Stonechat, 
                    Saxicola torquatus
                     (AOS 2022).
                
                
                    (4) Revise the common (English) names of eight species to conform to the 
                    
                    most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOS publications 2020a, 2020b, and 2021 and Clements et al. 2011, 2019, and 2021. These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, the update is described in the table, below.
                
                (5) Revise the scientific names of 22 species to conform to the most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOS publications 2020a and 2021 and Clements et al. 2016, 2021. These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, the update is described in the table, below.
                
                    Table of Proposed Name Changes, as Described in Categories 4 and 5, Above 
                    [The table is organized following AOS (2021) taxonomic order. The relevant AOS or Clements publication is provided.]
                    
                        
                            Publication source 
                            and year
                        
                        Previous common name
                        Current common name
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2019
                        
                            Shy Ground-Dove, 
                            Alopecoenas stairi
                        
                        
                            Shy Ground Dove, 
                            Alopecoenas stairi
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2019
                        
                            White-throated Ground-Dove, 
                            Alopecoenas xanthonurus
                        
                        
                            White-throated Ground Dove, 
                            Alopecoenas xanthonurus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2011
                        
                            Common Moorhen, 
                            Gallinula chloropus
                        
                        
                            Eurasian Moorhen, 
                            Gallinula chloropus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Mew Gull, 
                            Larus canus
                        
                        
                            Common Gull, 
                            Larus canus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2021
                        
                            Rufous Night-Heron, 
                            Nycticorax caledonicus
                        
                        
                            Nankeen Night-Heron, 
                            Nycticorax caledonicus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020b
                        
                            McCown's Longspur, 
                            Rhynchophanes mccownii
                        
                        
                            Thick-billed Longspur, 
                            Rhynchophanes mccownii
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Publication source 
                            and year
                        
                        Previous scientific name
                        Current scientific name
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Bumblebee Hummingbird, 
                            Atthis heloisa
                        
                        
                            Bumblebee Hummingbird, 
                            Selasphorus heloisa
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Puerto Rican Emerald, 
                            Chlorostilbon maugaeus
                        
                        
                            Puerto Rican Emerald, 
                            Riccordia maugaeus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            White-eared Hummingbird, 
                            Hylocharis leucotis
                        
                        
                            White-eared Hummingbird, 
                            Basilinna leucotis
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Xantus's Hummingbird, 
                            Hylocharis xantusii
                        
                        
                            Xantus's Hummingbird, 
                            Basilinna xantusii
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2022
                        
                            Violet-crowned Hummingbird,
                             Amazilia violiceps
                        
                        
                            Violet-crowned Hummingbird, 
                            Ramosomyia violiceps
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Berylline Hummingbird, 
                            Amazilia beryllina
                        
                        
                            Berylline Hummingbird, 
                            Saucerottia beryllina
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2021
                        
                            Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel, 
                            Oceanodroma matsudairae
                        
                        
                            Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel, 
                            Hydrobates matsudairae
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        Clements et al. 2016
                        
                            Little Pied Cormorant, 
                            Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
                        
                        
                            Little Pied Cormorant, 
                            Microcarbo melanoleucos
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Brandt's Cormorant,
                             Phalacrocorax penicillatus
                        
                        
                            Brandt's Cormorant,
                             Urile penicillatus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Red-faced Cormorant,
                             Phalacrocorax urile
                        
                        
                            Red-faced Cormorant,
                             Urile urile
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Pelagic Cormorant,
                             Phalacrocorax pelagicus
                        
                        
                            Pelagic Cormorant,
                             Urile pelagicus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Double-crested Cormorant, 
                            Phalacrocorax auritus
                        
                        
                            Double-crested Cormorant,
                             Nannopterum auritum
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Neotropic Cormorant, 
                            Phalacrocorax brasilianus
                        
                        
                            Neotropic Cormorant, 
                            Nannopterum brasilianum
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2022
                        
                            Mottled Owl, 
                            Ciccaba virgata
                        
                        
                            Mottled Owl, 
                            Strix virgata
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Crested Caracara, 
                            Caracara cheriway
                        
                        
                            Crested Caracara, 
                            Caracara plancus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 
                            Regulus calendula
                        
                        
                            Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 
                            Corthylio calendula
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Sedge Wren, 
                            Cistothorus platensis
                        
                        
                            Sedge Wren, 
                            Cistothorus stellaris
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Dusky Thrush, 
                            Turdus naumanni
                        
                        
                            Dusky Thrush, 
                            Turdus eunomus
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Antillean Euphonia, 
                            Euphonia musica
                        
                        
                            Antillean Euphonia, 
                            Chlorophonia musica
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2021
                        
                            Five-striped Sparrow, 
                            Amphispiza quinquestriata
                        
                        
                            Five-striped Sparrow, 
                            Amphispizopsis quinquestriata
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Publication source 
                            and year
                        
                        Previous common and scientific name
                        Current common and scientific name
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a
                        
                            Puerto Rican Screech-Owl, 
                            Megascops nudipes
                        
                        
                            Puerto Rican Owl, 
                            Gymnasio nudipes
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        AOS 2020a, AOS 2021
                        
                            Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler, 
                            Locustella ochotensis
                        
                        
                            Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler, 
                            Helopsaltes ochotensis
                            .
                        
                    
                
                How is the List of Birds protected by the MBTA organized?
                The species are listed in two formats to suit the needs of different segments of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing, species are listed by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the English group name. This format is most useful to members of the lay public. In the taxonomic listing, species are listed in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the English name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also list the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily. This format follows the sequence adopted by the AOS (1998, 2021) and is most useful to ornithologists and other scientists.
                In this proposed rule, we present a new proposed table format for the alphabetical and taxonomic listings at 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and (c)(2), respectively. We propose this change in presentation of these listings to conform to Office of the Federal Register formatting standards and to make information on the lists clearer and easier to locate. For clarity, we also propose a new section heading for 50 CFR 10.13; rather than the current List of Migratory Birds, we propose to title this section of the regulations, List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
                II. Special Double-Crested Cormorant Permit (50 CFR 21.123)
                
                    Because we propose to adopt the revised scientific name for the Double-crested Cormorant on the List of Birds Protected by the MBTA at 50 CFR 10.13, as described above, we also propose to reflect the revised scientific name for that species (
                    Nannopterum auritum
                    ) in our special permit regulations related to that species at 50 CFR 21.123. This is purely an administrative action that does not amend the purpose of, eligibility for, application procedures for, conditions of, information-collection requirements associated with, or any other regulatory provisions associated with that permit.
                    
                
                III. List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (50 CFR 17.11(h))
                
                    We also propose to revise the corresponding entries on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of several migratory bird species that are also listed as endangered or threatened species under the ESA to reflect the currently accepted taxonomy and nomenclature. These revisions would ensure consistency in the use of common and scientific names across Service regulations. Some ESA-listed migratory bird species' names are not included in this proposed rule because they are being corrected in other documents that have published, or will publish, in the 
                    Federal Register
                     concurrently with this rulemaking.
                
                Background
                The List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and the List of Endangered and Threatened Plants (the ESA Lists), set forth in title 50 of the CFR at  17.11 and 17.12, respectively, contain the names of endangered species and threatened species federally listed pursuant to the ESA.
                The regulations at 50 CFR 17.11(c) and 17.12(b) direct us to use the most recently accepted scientific name of any wildlife or plant species, respectively, that we have determined to be an endangered or threatened species.
                Purpose
                We propose to revise the ESA List at 50 CFR 17.11(h) to reflect the scientifically accepted taxonomy and nomenclature of nine bird species under section 4 of the ESA. These revisions reflect the most recently accepted scientific nomenclature in accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
                None of the taxonomic changes to migratory bird species listed as endangered or threatened species under the ESA are regulatory in nature; they are for accuracy and clarity. These revisions would not alter species' protections or status in any way. Any actions altering a species' protection or status would require a separate rulemaking action following the procedures of 50 CFR part 424.
                Taxonomic Changes to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
                The table below lists the taxonomic changes we propose here to reflect the revised taxonomy and nomenclature for nine bird species listed under section 4 of the ESA. These changes reflect the most recently accepted scientific nomenclature in accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
                
                    
                        Table of Proposed Taxonomic Revisions to the ESA List at  17.11
                        (h)
                         Reflecting the Current Scientifically Accepted Taxonomy and Nomenclature for These Species
                    
                    
                        Species name as currently listed
                        Corrected species name
                    
                    
                        
                            Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL DPS] (
                            Polyborus plancus audubonii
                            )
                        
                        
                            Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL DPS] (
                            Caracara plancus audubonii
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Crane, Mississippi sandhill (
                            Grus canadensis pulla)
                        
                        
                            Crane, Mississippi sandhill (
                            Antigone canadensis pulla)
                            .
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Nightjar, Puerto Rican (
                            Caprimulgus noctitherus
                            )
                        
                        
                            Nightjar, Puerto Rican (
                            Antrostomus noctitherus
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (
                            Columba inornata wetmorei
                            )
                        
                        
                            Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (
                            Patagioenas inornata wetmorei
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Rail, California clapper (
                            Rallus longirostris obsoletus
                            )
                        
                        
                            Rail, California Ridgway's (
                            Rallus obsoletus obsoletus
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Rail, light-footed clapper (
                            Rallus longirostris levipes
                            )
                        
                        
                            Rail, light-footed Ridgway's (
                            Rallus obsoletus levipes
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (
                            Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
                            )
                        
                        
                            Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (
                            Ammospiza maritima mirabilis
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Tern, California least (
                            Sterna antillarum browni
                            )
                        
                        
                            Tern, California least (
                            Sternula antillarum browni
                            ).
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            Towhee, Inyo California (
                            Pipilo crissalis eremophilus
                            )
                        
                        
                            Towhee, Inyo California (
                            Melozone crissalis eremophilus
                            ).
                        
                    
                
                Using the best available scientific information, this proposed rule would document taxonomic changes of the scientific names for nine birds in their entries on the ESA List. To the extent practicable, the Service relies on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) to determine a species' scientific name for inclusion on the List. ITIS incorporates the naming principles established by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, produced by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, an organization that provides and regulates a uniform system of zoological nomenclature. While ITIS is a reliable database source of taxonomic information, in some of these instances, ITIS is incomplete and does not yet reflect the most recently accepted scientific names for some species. As noted above, the scientific names for the nine listed bird species are supported by AOS's Checklist of North American birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually (AOU 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, AOS 2018, 2020a, 2020b, and 2021). The AOU (now AOS) Checklist of North American Birds (Checklist), developed by the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, has been the recognized taxonomic authority for North American birds since publication of the first edition of the Checklist in 1886. The Service finds that the scientific and common names should be recognized as presented in the table above. Accordingly, we propose to revise the scientific names of these species under section 4 of the ESA and in accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
                Of the nine species that are the subjects of the taxonomic revisions to the ESA List in this proposed rule, three have designated critical habitat. For clarity and consistency, we propose to revise the headings of the critical habitat designations at 50 CFR 17.95(b) to reflect the corrected scientific names for the following species: Mississippi sandhill crane, Cape Sable seaside sparrow, and Inyo California towhee.
                These changes do not affect the range or endangered or threatened status for any of these nine listed migratory bird species, or any designated critical habitat.
                IV. Public Comments
                Any final action resulting from this proposed rule must be based on the best scientific and commercial data available and be as accurate and as effective as possible. We request comments or information from other concerned governmental agencies, the scientific community, industry, or any other interested parties concerning this proposed rule.
                Please include sufficient information with your submission (such as electronic copies of scientific journal articles or other publications, preferably in English) to allow us to verify any scientific or commercial information you include.
                
                    You may submit your comments and materials concerning this proposed rule by one of the methods listed in 
                    ADDRESSES
                    . We request that you send comments only by the methods described in 
                    ADDRESSES
                    .
                    
                
                
                    If you submit information via 
                    https://www.regulations.gov,
                     your entire submissionincluding any personal identifying informationwill be posted on the website. If your submission is made via a hardcopy that includes personal identifying information, you may request at the top of your document that we withhold this information from public review. However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so. We will post all hardcopy submissions on 
                    https://www.regulations.gov.
                
                
                    Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting documentation we used in preparing this proposed rule, will be available for public inspection on 
                    https://www.regulations.gov,
                     or by appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Program or Ecological Services (see 
                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
                
                V. Required Determinations
                Regulatory Planning and Review
                Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides that the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget will review all significant rules. OIRA has determined that this proposed rule is not significant.
                E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866, while calling for improvements in the nation's regulatory system to promote predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. E.O. 13563 directs agencies to consider regulatory approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, and consistent with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further that regulations must be based on the best available science and that the rulemaking process must allow for public participation and an open exchange of ideas. We have developed this proposed rule in a manner consistent with these requirements.
                Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
                
                    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 
                    et seq.,
                     as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (5 U.S.C. 804(2)), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (
                    i.e.,
                     small businesses, small organizations, and small government jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency certifies the rule does not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
                
                SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to provide the statement of the factual basis for certifying that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We have examined this proposed rule's potential effects on small entities as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have determined that, if adopted as proposed, this action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This proposed rule is an administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions and make certain corresponding updates on the ESA List. Consequently, we certify that, if adopted as proposed, this rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities; therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
                This proposed rule is not a major rule under SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 804(2)). It would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
                a. This proposed rule would not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more.
                b. This proposed rule would not cause a major increase in costs or prices for consumers; individual industries; Federal, State, or local government agencies; or geographic regions.
                c. This proposed rule would not have significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises.
                Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
                
                    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 
                    et seq.
                    ), we have determined the following:
                
                a. This proposed rule would not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. A small government agency plan is not required. This proposed rule is an administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions and make certain corresponding updates on the ESA List; it would not affect small government activities in any significant way.
                
                    b. This proposed rule would not produce a federal mandate of $100 million or greater in any year; 
                    i.e.,
                     it is not a significant regulatory action under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
                
                Takings
                In accordance with Executive Order 12630, this proposed rule does not have significant takings implications. This proposed rule does not contain a provision for taking of private property. Therefore, a takings implication assessment is not required.
                Federalism
                This proposed rule does not have sufficient Federalism effects to warrant preparation of a federalism summary impact statement under Executive Order 13132. It does not interfere with the States' ability to manage themselves or their funds. No significant economic impacts are expected to result from the updating of the list of migratory bird species and certain entries on the ESA List.
                Civil Justice Reform
                In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has determined that this proposed rule does not unduly burden the judicial system and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order.
                Paperwork Reduction Act
                
                    This proposed rule does not contain information collection requirements, and a submission to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 
                    et seq.
                    ) is not required. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
                
                National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
                Given that the proposed revisions in this document are strictly administrative in nature, this action is categorically excluded from further NEPA requirements (43 CFR 46.210(i)applying to policies, directives, regulations, and guidelines that are of an administrative, financial, legal, technical, or procedural nature).
                Endangered Species Act (ESA)
                
                    Of the species on the List of Migratory Birds, 89 species, subspecies, or distinct population segments are also listed as endangered or threatened under section 4 of the ESA of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 
                    et seq.
                    ). No legal complications arise from the dual listing as the two lists are developed under separate authorities and for different purposes. Because this proposed rule is 
                    
                    strictly administrative in nature, it has no effect on endangered or threatened species or their designated critical habitat. Thus, it does not require consultation under section 7 of the ESA.
                
                Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes
                In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, Government-to-Government Relations with Native American tribal Governments (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have evaluated potential effects on federally recognized Indian Tribes and have determined that there are no potential effects. The proposed revisions to existing regulations in this rule are purely administrative in nature and do not interfere with or affect the Tribes' ability to manage themselves or their funds or to regulate migratory bird activities on Tribal lands.
                Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (Executive Order 13211)
                On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211 addressing regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, or use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. Because this proposed rule is an administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions and make certain corresponding updates on the ESA List, it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, and it does not significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action, and no Statement of Energy Effects is required.
                Clarity of the Proposed Rule
                We are required by Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and by the Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain language. This means that each rule we publish must:
                (1) Be logically organized;
                (2) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
                (3) Use clear language rather than jargon;
                (4) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
                (5) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
                
                    If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us comments by one of the methods listed in 
                    ADDRESSES
                    . To better help us revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as possible. For example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections or paragraphs that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences are too long, the sections where you feel lists or tables would be useful, etc.
                
                References Cited
                
                    A complete list of all references cited is available on 
                    https://www.regulations.gov
                     under Docket No. FWSHQMB20220036, and upon request (see 
                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
                    , above).
                
                
                    List of Subjects
                    50 CFR Part 10
                    Exports, Fish, Imports, Law enforcement, Plants, Transportation, Wildlife.
                    50 CFR Part 17
                    Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Plants, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.
                    50 CFR Part 21
                    Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.
                
                Proposed Regulation Promulgation
                For the reasons discussed in the preamble, we propose to amend title 50, chapter I, subchapter B of the Code of Federal Regulations, as follows:
                
                    PART 10GENERAL PROVISIONS
                
                1. The authority citation for part 10 continues to read as follows:
                
                    Authority:
                     16 U.S.C. 668ad, 703712, 742ajl, 13611384, 14011407, 15311543, 33713378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202.
                
                2. Amend   10.13 by revising the section heading and paragraph (c) to read as follows:
                
                     10.13
                    List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
                    
                    
                        (c) 
                        What species are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act?
                         Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological Society (AOS)) 
                        Checklist of North American birds
                         (1998, as amended through 2021). For species not treated by the AOS 
                        Checklist,
                         we generally follow 
                        Clements Checklist of Birds of the World
                         (Clements et al. 2007, as updated through 2021).
                    
                    
                        (1) 
                        Alphabetical listing.
                         The table lists species alphabetically by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the common name.
                    
                    
                        
                            Table 1 to Paragraph 
                            (c)
                            Alphabetical Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
                        
                        
                            Common name group
                            Species common name
                            Species scientific name
                        
                        
                            Accentor
                            Siberian Accentor
                            
                                Prunella montanella
                                .
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akeke`e
                            `Akeke`e
                            
                                Loxops caeruleirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akepa
                            Hawaii `Akepa
                            
                                Loxops coccineus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Maui `Akepa
                            
                                Loxops ochraceus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            O`ahu `Akepa
                            
                                Loxops wolstenholmei.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akialoa
                            Kauai `Akialoa
                            
                                Akialoa stejnegeri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Maui Nui 'Akialoa
                            
                                Akialoa lanaiensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            O`ahu `Akialoa
                            
                                Akialoa ellisiana.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akiapola`au
                            `Akiapola`au
                            
                                Hemignathus wilsoni.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akikiki
                            `Akikiki
                            
                                Oreomystis bairdi.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Akohekohe
                            `Akohekohe
                            
                                Palmeria dolei.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Alauahio
                            Maui `Alauahio
                            
                                Paroreomyza montana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            O`ahu `Alauahio
                            
                                Paroreomyza maculata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Albatross
                            Black-browed Albatross
                            
                                Thalassarche melanophris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-footed Albatross
                            
                                Phoebastria nigripes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chatham Albatross
                            
                                Thalassarche eremita.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Laysan Albatross
                            
                                Phoebastria immutabilis.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Light-mantled Albatross
                            
                                Phoebetria palpebrata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Salvin's Albatross
                            
                                Thalassarche salvini.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-tailed Albatross
                            
                                Phoebastria albatrus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wandering Albatross
                            
                                Diomedea exulans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-capped Albatross
                            
                                Thalassarche cauta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-nosed Albatross
                            
                                Thalassarche chlororhynchos.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Amakihi
                            Hawaii `Amakihi
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis virens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kaua`i `Amakihi
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            O`ahu `Amakihi
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis flava.
                            
                        
                        
                            Anhinga
                            Anhinga
                            
                                Anhinga anhinga.
                            
                        
                        
                            Ani
                            Groove-billed Ani
                            
                                Crotophaga sulcirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Smooth-billed Ani
                            
                                Crotophaga ani.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Anianiau
                            `Anianiau
                            
                                Magumma parva.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Apapane
                            `Apapane
                            
                                Himatione sanguinea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Auklet
                            Cassin's Auklet
                            
                                Ptychoramphus aleuticus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crested Auklet
                            
                                Aethia cristatella.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Auklet
                            
                                Aethia pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Parakeet Auklet
                            
                                Aethia psittacula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rhinoceros Auklet
                            
                                Cerorhinca monocerata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Whiskered Auklet
                            
                                Aethia pygmaea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Avocet
                            American Avocet
                            
                                Recurvirostra americana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bananaquit
                            Bananaquit
                            
                                Coereba flaveola.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bean-Goose
                            Taiga Bean-Goose
                            
                                Anser fabalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tundra Bean-Goose
                            
                                Anser serrirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Beardless-Tyrannulet
                            Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet
                            
                                Camptostoma imberbe.
                            
                        
                        
                            Becard
                            Gray-collared Becard
                            
                                Pachyramphus major.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rose-throated Becard
                            
                                Pachyramphus aglaiae.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bittern
                            American Bittern
                            
                                Botaurus lentiginosus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Bittern
                            
                                Ixobrychus flavicollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Bittern
                            
                                Ixobrychus exilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Schrenck's Bittern
                            
                                Ixobrychus eurhythmus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow Bittern
                            
                                Ixobrychus sinensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Blackbird
                            Brewer's Blackbird
                            
                                Euphagus cyanocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-winged Blackbird
                            
                                Agelaius phoeniceus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rusty Blackbird
                            
                                Euphagus carolinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tawny-shouldered Blackbird
                            
                                Agelaius humeralis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tricolored Blackbird
                            
                                Agelaius tricolor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-headed Blackbird
                            
                                Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-shouldered Blackbird
                            
                                Agelaius xanthomus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bluebird
                            Eastern Bluebird
                            
                                Sialia sialis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mountain Bluebird
                            
                                Sialia currucoides.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Bluebird
                            
                                Sialia mexicana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bluetail
                            Red-flanked Bluetail
                            
                                Tarsiger cyanurus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bluethroat
                            Bluethroat
                            
                                Cyanecula svecica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bobolink
                            Bobolink
                            
                                Dolichonyx oryzivorus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Boobook
                            Northern Boobook
                            
                                Ninox japonica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Booby
                            Abbott's Booby
                            
                                Papasula abbotti.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-footed Booby
                            
                                Sula nebouxii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown Booby
                            
                                Sula leucogaster.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Masked Booby
                            
                                Sula dactylatra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nazca Booby
                            
                                Sula granti.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-footed Booby
                            
                                Sula sula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Brambling
                            Brambling
                            
                                Fringilla montifringilla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Brant
                            Brant
                            
                                Branta bernicla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bufflehead
                            Bufflehead
                            
                                Bucephala albeola.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bullfinch
                            Eurasian Bullfinch
                            
                                Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Bullfinch
                            
                                Melopyrrha portoricensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bunting
                            Blue Bunting
                            
                                Cyanocompsa parellina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza variabilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Indigo Bunting
                            
                                Passerina cyanea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lark Bunting
                            
                                Calamospiza melanocorys.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lazuli Bunting
                            
                                Passerina amoena.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            McKay's Bunting
                            
                                Plectrophenax hyperboreus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Painted Bunting
                            
                                Passerina ciris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pallas's Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza pallasi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pine Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza leucocephalos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Reed Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza schoeniclus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rustic Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza rustica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snow Bunting
                            
                                Plectrophenax nivalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Varied Bunting
                            
                                Passerina versicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Yellow-breasted Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza aureola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-browed Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza chrysophrys.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-throated Bunting
                            
                                Emberiza elegans.
                            
                        
                        
                            Bushtit
                            Bushtit
                            
                                Psaltriparus minimus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Buzzard
                            Gray-faced Buzzard
                            
                                Butastur indicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-legged Buzzard
                            
                                Buteo rufinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Canvasback
                            Canvasback
                            
                                Aythya valisineria.
                            
                        
                        
                            Caracara
                            Crested Caracara
                            
                                Caracara plancus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Cardinal
                            Northern Cardinal
                            
                                Cardinalis cardinalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Carib
                            Green-throated Carib
                            
                                Eulampis holosericeus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Purple-throated Carib
                            
                                Eulampis jugularis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Catbird
                            Black Catbird
                            
                                Melanoptila glabrirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Catbird
                            
                                Dumetella carolinensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Chaffinch
                            Common Chaffinch
                            
                                Fringilla coelebs.
                            
                        
                        
                            Chat
                            Yellow-breasted Chat
                            
                                Icteria virens.
                            
                        
                        
                            Chickadee
                            Black-capped Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile atricapillus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Boreal Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile hudsonicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Carolina Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile carolinensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chestnut-backed Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile rufescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-headed Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile cinctus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mexican Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile sclateri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mountain Chickadee
                            
                                Poecile gambeli.
                            
                        
                        
                            Chiffchaff
                            Common Chiffchaff
                            
                                Phylloscopus collybita.
                            
                        
                        
                            Chuck-will's-widow
                            Chuck-will's-widow
                            
                                Antrostomus carolinensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Condor
                            California Condor
                            
                                Gymnogyps californianus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Coot
                            American Coot
                            
                                Fulica americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Coot
                            
                                Fulica atra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Coot
                            
                                Fulica alai.
                            
                        
                        
                            Cormorant
                            Brandt's Cormorant
                            
                                Urile penicillatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Double-crested Cormorant
                            
                                Nannopterum auritum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Cormorant
                            
                                Phalacrocorax carbo.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Pied Cormorant
                            
                                Microcarbo melanoleucos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Neotropic Cormorant
                            
                                Nannopterum brasilianum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pelagic Cormorant
                            
                                Urile pelagicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-faced Cormorant
                            
                                Urile urile.
                            
                        
                        
                            Cowbird
                            Bronzed Cowbird
                            
                                Molothrus aeneus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown-headed Cowbird
                            
                                Molothrus ater.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Shiny Cowbird
                            
                                Molothrus bonariensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Crake
                            Corn Crake
                            
                                Crex crex.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Paint-billed Crake
                            
                                Neocrex erythrops.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotless Crake
                            
                                Porzana tabuensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-breasted Crake
                            
                                Hapalocrex flaviventer.
                            
                        
                        
                            Crane
                            Common Crane
                            
                                Grus grus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hooded Crane
                            
                                Grus monacha.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sandhill Crane
                            
                                Antigone canadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Whooping Crane
                            
                                Grus americana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Creeper
                            Brown Creeper
                            
                                Certhia americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaii Creeper
                            
                                Loxops mana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Crossbill
                            Cassia Crossbill
                            
                                Loxia sinesciuris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red Crossbill
                            
                                Loxia curvirostra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-winged Crossbill
                            
                                Loxia leucoptera.
                            
                        
                        
                            Crow
                            American Crow
                            
                                Corvus brachyrhynchos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fish Crow
                            
                                Corvus ossifragus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Crow
                            
                                Corvus hawaiiensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mariana Crow
                            
                                Corvus kubaryi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tamaulipas Crow
                            
                                Corvus imparatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-necked Crow
                            
                                Corvus leucognaphalus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Cuckoo
                            Black-billed Cuckoo
                            
                                Coccyzus erythropthalmus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chestnut-winged Cuckoo
                            
                                Clamator coromandus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Cuckoo
                            
                                Cuculus canorus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dark-billed Cuckoo
                            
                                Coccyzus melacoryphus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mangrove Cuckoo
                            
                                Coccyzus minor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Oriental Cuckoo
                            
                                Cuculus optatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-billed Cuckoo
                            
                                Coccyzus americanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Curlew
                            Bristle-thighed Curlew
                            
                                Numenius tahitiensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eskimo Curlew
                            
                                Numenius borealis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Curlew
                            
                                Numenius arquata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Far Eastern Curlew
                            
                                Numenius madagascariensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Curlew
                            
                                Numenius minutus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-billed Curlew
                            
                                Numenius americanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dickcissel
                            Dickcissel
                            
                                Spiza americana.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                            Dipper
                            American Dipper
                            
                                Cinclus mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dotterel
                            Eurasian Dotterel
                            
                                Charadrius morinellus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dove
                            Common Ground Dove
                            
                                Columbina passerina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Inca Dove
                            
                                Columbina inca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mourning Dove
                            
                                Zenaida macroura.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruddy Ground Dove
                            
                                Columbina talpacoti.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Shy Ground Dove
                            
                                Alopecoenas stairi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-throated Ground Dove
                            
                                Alopecoenas xanthonurus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tipped Dove
                            
                                Leptotila verreauxi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-winged Dove
                            
                                Zenaida asiatica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Zenaida Dove
                            
                                Zenaida aurita.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dovekie
                            Dovekie
                            
                                Alle alle.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dowitcher
                            Long-billed Dowitcher
                            
                                Limnodromus scolopaceus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-billed Dowitcher
                            
                                Limnodromus griseus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Duck
                            American Black Duck
                            
                                Anas rubripes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Spot-billed Duck
                            
                                Anas zonorhyncha.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Falcated Duck
                            
                                Mareca falcata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Harlequin Duck
                            
                                Histrionicus histrionicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Duck
                            
                                Anas wyvilliana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Laysan Duck
                            
                                Anas laysanensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-tailed Duck
                            
                                Clangula hyemalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Masked Duck
                            
                                Nomonyx dominicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mexican Duck
                            
                                Anas diazi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mottled Duck
                            
                                Anas fulvigula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Muscovy Duck
                            
                                Cairina moschata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific Black Duck
                            
                                Anas superciliosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ring-necked Duck
                            
                                Aythya collaris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruddy Duck
                            
                                Oxyura jamaicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tufted Duck
                            
                                Aythya fuligula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wood Duck
                            
                                Aix sponsa.
                            
                        
                        
                            Dunlin
                            Dunlin
                            
                                Calidris alpina.
                            
                        
                        
                            Eagle
                            Bald Eagle
                            
                                Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden Eagle
                            
                                Aquila chrysaetos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tailed Eagle
                            
                                Haliaeetus albicilla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Egret
                            Cattle Egret
                            
                                Bubulcus ibis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chinese Egret
                            
                                Egretta eulophotes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Egret
                            
                                Ardea alba.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Intermediate Egret
                            
                                Ardea intermedia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Egret
                            
                                Egretta garzetta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Reddish Egret
                            
                                Egretta rufescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snowy Egret
                            
                                Egretta thula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Eider
                            Common Eider
                            
                                Somateria mollissima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            King Eider
                            
                                Somateria spectabilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spectacled Eider
                            
                                Somateria fischeri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Steller's Eider
                            
                                Polysticta stelleri.
                            
                        
                        
                            Elaenia
                            Caribbean Elaenia
                            
                                Elaenia martinica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Greenish Elaenia
                            
                                Myiopagis viridicata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Small-billed Elaenia
                            
                                Elaenia parvirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-crested Elaenia
                            
                                Elaenia albiceps.
                            
                        
                        
                            Emerald
                            Puerto Rican Emerald
                            
                                Riccordia maugaeus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Euphonia
                            Antillean Euphonia
                            
                                Chlorophonia musica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Falcon
                            Amur Falcon
                            
                                Falco amurensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Aplomado Falcon
                            
                                Falco femoralis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Peregrine Falcon
                            
                                Falco peregrinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Prairie Falcon
                            
                                Falco mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-footed Falcon
                            
                                Falco vespertinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Fieldfare
                            Fieldfare
                            
                                Turdus pilaris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Finch
                            Cassin's Finch
                            
                                Haemorhous cassinii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            House Finch
                            
                                Haemorhous mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Laysan Finch
                            
                                Telespiza cantans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nihoa Finch
                            
                                Telespiza ultima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Purple Finch
                            
                                Haemorhous purpureus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Flamingo
                            American Flamingo
                            
                                Phoenicopterus ruber.
                            
                        
                        
                            Flicker
                            Gilded Flicker
                            
                                Colaptes chrysoides.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Flicker
                            
                                Colaptes auratus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Flycatcher
                            Acadian Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax virescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Alder Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax alnorum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ash-throated Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus cinerascens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Asian Brown Flycatcher
                            
                                Muscicapa dauurica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown-crested Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus tyrannulus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Buff-breasted Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax fulvifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Cordilleran Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crowned Slaty Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dark-sided Flycatcher
                            
                                Muscicapa sibirica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dusky Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax oberholseri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dusky-capped Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus tuberculifer.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fork-tailed Flycatcher
                            
                                Tyrannus savana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax wrightii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-streaked Flycatcher
                            
                                Muscicapa griseisticta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Crested Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus crinitus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hammond's Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax hammondii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            La Sagra's Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus sagrae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax minimus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mugimaki Flycatcher
                            
                                Ficedula mugimaki.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Narcissus Flycatcher
                            
                                Ficedula narcissina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nutting's Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus nuttingi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Olive-sided Flycatcher
                            
                                Contopus cooperi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific-slope Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax difficilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pine Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax affinis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Piratic Flycatcher
                            
                                Legatus leucophaius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiarchus antillarum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
                            
                                Tyrannus forficatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Social Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiozetetes similis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Flycatcher
                            
                                Muscicapa striata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher
                            
                                Myiodynastes luteiventris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Taiga Flycatcher
                            
                                Ficedula albicilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tufted Flycatcher
                            
                                Mitrephanes phaeocercus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Variegated Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonomus varius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Vermilion Flycatcher
                            
                                Pyrocephalus rubinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Willow Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax traillii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
                            
                                Empidonax flaviventris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Forest-Falcon
                            Collared Forest-Falcon
                            
                                Micrastur semitorquatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Frigatebird
                            Great Frigatebird
                            
                                Fregata minor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Frigatebird
                            
                                Fregata ariel.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Magnificent Frigatebird
                            
                                Fregata magnificens.
                            
                        
                        
                            Fruit-Dove
                            Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove
                            
                                Ptilinopus porphyraceus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Many-colored Fruit-Dove
                            
                                Ptilinopus perousii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mariana Fruit-Dove
                            
                                Ptilinopus roseicapilla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Fulmar
                            Northern Fulmar
                            
                                Fulmarus glacialis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gadwall
                            Gadwall
                            
                                Mareca strepera.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gallinule
                            Azure Gallinule
                            
                                Porphyrio flavirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Gallinule
                            
                                Gallinula galeata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Purple Gallinule
                            
                                Porphyrio martinicus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gannet
                            Northern Gannet
                            
                                Morus bassanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Garganey
                            Garganey
                            
                                Spatula querquedula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Giant-Petrel
                            Northern Giant-Petrel
                            
                                Macronectes halli.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gnatcatcher
                            Black-capped Gnatcatcher
                            
                                Polioptila nigriceps.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-tailed Gnatcatcher
                            
                                Polioptila melanura.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher
                            
                                Polioptila caerulea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            California Gnatcatcher
                            
                                Polioptila californica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Godwit
                            Bar-tailed Godwit
                            
                                Limosa lapponica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-tailed Godwit
                            
                                Limosa limosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hudsonian Godwit
                            
                                Limosa haemastica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Marbled Godwit
                            
                                Limosa fedoa.
                            
                        
                        
                            Goldeneye
                            Barrow's Goldeneye
                            
                                Bucephala islandica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Goldeneye
                            
                                Bucephala clangula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Golden-Plover
                            American Golden-Plover
                            
                                Pluvialis dominica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            European Golden-Plover
                            
                                Pluvialis apricaria.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific Golden-Plover
                            
                                Pluvialis fulva.
                            
                        
                        
                            Goldfinch
                            American Goldfinch
                            
                                Spinus tristis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lawrence's Goldfinch
                            
                                Spinus lawrencei.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Goldfinch
                            
                                Spinus psaltria.
                            
                        
                        
                            Goose
                            Barnacle Goose
                            
                                Branta leucopsis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cackling Goose
                            
                                Branta hutchinsii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Canada Goose
                            
                                Branta canadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Emperor Goose
                            
                                Anser canagicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Greater White-fronted Goose
                            
                                Anser albifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Goose
                            
                                Branta sandvicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser White-fronted Goose
                            
                                Anser erythropus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pink-footed Goose
                            
                                Anser brachyrhynchus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ross's Goose
                            
                                Anser rossii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snow Goose
                            
                                Anser caerulescens.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                            Goshawk
                            Northern Goshawk
                            
                                Accipiter gentilis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Grackle
                            Boat-tailed Grackle
                            
                                Quiscalus major.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Grackle
                            
                                Quiscalus quiscula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Greater Antillean Grackle
                            
                                Quiscalus niger.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great-tailed Grackle
                            
                                Quiscalus mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Grassquit
                            Black-faced Grassquit
                            
                                Melanospiza bicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-faced Grassquit
                            
                                Tiaris olivaceus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Grebe
                            Clark's Grebe
                            
                                Aechmophorus clarkii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eared Grebe
                            
                                Podiceps nigricollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Horned Grebe
                            
                                Podiceps auritus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Grebe
                            
                                Tachybaptus dominicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pied-billed Grebe
                            
                                Podilymbus podiceps.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-necked Grebe
                            
                                Podiceps grisegena.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Grebe
                            
                                Aechmophorus occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Greenfinch
                            Oriental Greenfinch
                            
                                Chloris sinica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Greenshank
                            Common Greenshank
                            
                                Tringa nebularia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nordmann's Greenshank
                            
                                Tringa guttifer.
                            
                        
                        
                            Grosbeak
                            Black-headed Grosbeak
                            
                                Pheucticus melanocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue Grosbeak
                            
                                Passerina caerulea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crimson-collared Grosbeak
                            
                                Rhodothraupis celaeno.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Evening Grosbeak
                            
                                Coccothraustes vespertinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pine Grosbeak
                            
                                Pinicola enucleator.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rose-breasted Grosbeak
                            
                                Pheucticus ludovicianus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow Grosbeak
                            
                                Pheucticus chrysopeplus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Guillemot
                            Black Guillemot
                            
                                Cepphus grylle.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pigeon Guillemot
                            
                                Cepphus columba.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gull
                            Belcher's Gull
                            
                                Larus belcheri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-headed Gull
                            
                                Chroicocephalus ridibundus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-tailed Gull
                            
                                Larus crassirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bonaparte's Gull
                            
                                Chroicocephalus philadelphia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            California Gull
                            
                                Larus californicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Gull
                            
                                Larus canus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Franklin's Gull
                            
                                Leucophaeus pipixcan.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Glaucous Gull
                            
                                Larus hyperboreus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Glaucous-winged Gull
                            
                                Larus glaucescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-hooded Gull
                            
                                Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Black-backed Gull
                            
                                Larus marinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Heermann's Gull
                            
                                Larus heermanni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Herring Gull
                            
                                Larus argentatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Iceland Gull
                            
                                Larus glaucoides.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ivory Gull
                            
                                Pagophila eburnea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kelp Gull
                            
                                Larus dominicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Laughing Gull
                            
                                Leucophaeus atricilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Black-backed Gull
                            
                                Larus fuscus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Gull
                            
                                Hydrocoloeus minutus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pallas's Gull
                            
                                Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ring-billed Gull
                            
                                Larus delawarensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ross's Gull
                            
                                Rhodostethia rosea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sabine's Gull
                            
                                Xema sabini.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-billed Gull
                            
                                Larus brachyrhynchus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Slaty-backed Gull
                            
                                Larus schistisagus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swallow-tailed Gull
                            
                                Creagrus furcatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Gull
                            
                                Larus occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-footed Gull
                            
                                Larus livens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-legged Gull
                            
                                Larus michahellis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Gyrfalcon
                            Gyrfalcon
                            
                                Falco rusticolus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Harrier
                            Northern Harrier
                            
                                Circus hudsonius.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hawfinch
                            Hawfinch
                            
                                Coccothraustes coccothraustes.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hawk
                            Broad-winged Hawk
                            
                                Buteo platypterus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Black Hawk
                            
                                Buteogallus anthracinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cooper's Hawk
                            
                                Accipiter cooperii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crane Hawk
                            
                                Geranospiza caerulescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ferruginous Hawk
                            
                                Buteo regalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Hawk
                            
                                Buteo plagiatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Black Hawk
                            
                                Buteogallus urubitinga.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Harris's Hawk
                            
                                Parabuteo unicinctus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Hawk
                            
                                Buteo solitarius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-shouldered Hawk
                            
                                Buteo lineatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-tailed Hawk
                            
                                Buteo jamaicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Roadside Hawk
                            
                                Rupornis magnirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rough-legged Hawk
                            
                                Buteo lagopus.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Sharp-shinned Hawk
                            
                                Accipiter striatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-tailed Hawk
                            
                                Buteo brachyurus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swainson's Hawk
                            
                                Buteo swainsoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tailed Hawk
                            
                                Geranoaetus albicaudatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Zone-tailed Hawk
                            
                                Buteo albonotatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hawk-Cuckoo
                            Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo
                            
                                Hierococcyx nisicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                            Heron
                            Gray Heron
                            
                                Ardea cinerea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Blue Heron
                            
                                Ardea herodias.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green Heron
                            
                                Butorides virescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Blue Heron
                            
                                Egretta caerulea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tricolored Heron
                            
                                Egretta tricolor.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hobby
                            Eurasian Hobby
                            
                                Falco subbuteo.
                            
                        
                        
                            Honeycreeper
                            Laysan Honeycreeper
                            
                                Himatione fraithii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-legged Honeycreeper
                            
                                Cyanerpes cyaneus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hoopoe
                            Eurasian Hoopoe
                            
                                Upupa epops.
                            
                        
                        
                            House-Martin
                            Common House-Martin
                            
                                Delichon urbicum.
                            
                        
                        
                            Hummingbird
                            Allen's Hummingbird
                            
                                Selasphorus sasin.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Anna's Hummingbird
                            
                                Calypte anna.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Antillean Crested Hummingbird
                            
                                Orthorhyncus cristatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Berylline Hummingbird
                            
                                Saucerottia beryllina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-chinned Hummingbird
                            
                                Archilochus alexandri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Broad-billed Hummingbird
                            
                                Cynanthus latirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Broad-tailed Hummingbird
                            
                                Selasphorus platycercus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Buff-bellied Hummingbird
                            
                                Amazilia yucatanensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bumblebee Hummingbird
                            
                                Selasphorus heloisa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Calliope Hummingbird
                            
                                Selasphorus calliope.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cinnamon Hummingbird
                            
                                Amazilia rutila.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Costa's Hummingbird
                            
                                Calypte costae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lucifer Hummingbird
                            
                                Calothorax lucifer.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rivoli's Hummingbird
                            
                                Eugenes fulgens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruby-throated Hummingbird
                            
                                Archilochus colubris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous Hummingbird
                            
                                Selasphorus rufus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Vervain Hummingbird
                            
                                Mellisuga minima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Violet-crowned Hummingbird
                            
                                Ramosomyia violiceps.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-eared Hummingbird
                            
                                Basilinna leucotis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Xantus's Hummingbird
                            
                                Basilinna xantusii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Ibis
                            Glossy Ibis
                            
                                Plegadis falcinellus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scarlet Ibis
                            
                                Eudocimus ruber.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White Ibis
                            
                                Eudocimus albus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-faced Ibis
                            
                                Plegadis chihi.
                            
                        
                        
                            `I`iwi
                            `I`iwi
                            
                                Drepanis coccinea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Imperial-Pigeon
                            Pacific Imperial-Pigeon
                            
                                Ducula pacifica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Jabiru
                            Jabiru
                            
                                Jabiru mycteria.
                            
                        
                        
                            Jacana
                            Northern Jacana
                            
                                Jacana spinosa.
                            
                        
                        
                            Jackdaw
                            Eurasian Jackdaw
                            
                                Corvus monedula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Jaeger
                            Long-tailed Jaeger
                            
                                Stercorarius longicaudus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Parasitic Jaeger
                            
                                Stercorarius parasiticus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pomarine Jaeger
                            
                                Stercorarius pomarinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Jay
                            Blue Jay
                            
                                Cyanocitta cristata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown Jay
                            
                                Psilorhinus morio.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Canada Jay
                            
                                Perisoreus canadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green Jay
                            
                                Cyanocorax yncas.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mexican Jay
                            
                                Aphelocoma wollweberi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pinyon Jay
                            
                                Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Steller's Jay
                            
                                Cyanocitta stelleri.
                            
                        
                        
                            Junco
                            Dark-eyed Junco
                            
                                Junco hyemalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-eyed Junco
                            
                                Junco phaeonotus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kakawahie
                            Kakawahie
                            
                                Paroreomyza flammea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kama`o
                            Kama`o
                            
                                Myadestes myadestinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kestrel
                            American Kestrel
                            
                                Falco sparverius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Kestrel
                            
                                Falco tinnunculus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Killdeer
                            Killdeer
                            
                                Charadrius vociferus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kingbird
                            Cassin's Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus vociferans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Couch's Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus couchii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus tyrannus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus dominicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Loggerhead Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus caudifasciatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Thick-billed Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus crassirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tropical Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus melancholicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Kingbird
                            
                                Tyrannus verticalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kingfisher
                            Amazon Kingfisher
                            
                                Chloroceryle amazona.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Belted Kingfisher
                            
                                Megaceryle alcyon.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Kingfisher
                            
                                Alcedo atthis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green Kingfisher
                            
                                Chloroceryle americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Guam Kingfisher
                            
                                Todiramphus cinnamominus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mariana Kingfisher
                            
                                Todiramphus albicilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific Kingfisher
                            
                                Todiramphus sacer.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ringed Kingfisher
                            
                                Megaceryle torquata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kinglet
                            Golden-crowned Kinglet
                            
                                Regulus satrapa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruby-crowned Kinglet
                            
                                Corthylio calendula.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kiskadee
                            Great Kiskadee
                            
                                Pitangus sulphuratus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kite
                            Black Kite
                            
                                Milvus migrans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Double-toothed Kite
                            
                                Harpagus bidentatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hook-billed Kite
                            
                                Chondrohierax uncinatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mississippi Kite
                            
                                Ictinia mississippiensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snail Kite
                            
                                Rostrhamus sociabilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swallow-tailed Kite
                            
                                Elanoides forficatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tailed Kite
                            
                                Elanus leucurus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Kittiwake
                            Black-legged Kittiwake
                            
                                Rissa tridactyla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-legged Kittiwake
                            
                                Rissa brevirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Knot
                            Great Knot
                            
                                Calidris tenuirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red Knot
                            
                                Calidris canutus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Koel
                            Long-tailed Koel
                            
                                Urodynamis taitensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Lapwing
                            Northern Lapwing
                            
                                Vanellus vanellus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Lark
                            Horned Lark
                            
                                Eremophila alpestris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Limpkin
                            Limpkin
                            
                                Aramus guarauna.
                            
                        
                        
                            Lizard-Cuckoo
                            Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo
                            
                                Coccyzus vieilloti.
                            
                        
                        
                            Longspur
                            Chestnut-collared Longspur
                            
                                Calcarius ornatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lapland Longspur
                            
                                Calcarius lapponicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Smith's Longspur
                            
                                Calcarius pictus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Thick-billed Longspur
                            
                                Rhynchophanes mccownii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Loon
                            Arctic Loon
                            
                                Gavia arctica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Loon
                            
                                Gavia immer.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific Loon
                            
                                Gavia pacifica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-throated Loon
                            
                                Gavia stellata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-billed Loon
                            
                                Gavia adamsii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Magpie
                            Black-billed Magpie
                            
                                Pica hudsonia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-billed Magpie
                            
                                Pica nuttalli.
                            
                        
                        
                            Mallard
                            Mallard
                            
                                Anas platyrhynchos.
                            
                        
                        
                            Mango
                            Puerto Rican Mango
                            
                                Anthracothorax aurulentus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green Mango
                            
                                Anthracothorax viridis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green-breasted Mango
                            
                                Anthracothorax prevostii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Marsh-Harrier
                            Eastern Marsh-Harrier
                            
                                Circus spilonotus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Martin
                            Brown-chested Martin
                            
                                Progne tapera.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Caribbean Martin
                            
                                Progne dominicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cuban Martin
                            
                                Progne cryptoleuca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-breasted Martin
                            
                                Progne chalybea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Purple Martin
                            
                                Progne subis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Southern Martin
                            
                                Progne elegans.
                            
                        
                        
                            Meadowlark
                            Chihuahuan Meadowlark
                            
                                Sturnella lilianae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Meadowlark
                            
                                Sturnella magna.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Meadowlark
                            
                                Sturnella neglecta.
                            
                        
                        
                            Merganser
                            Common Merganser
                            
                                Mergus merganser.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hooded Merganser
                            
                                Lophodytes cucullatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-breasted Merganser
                            
                                Mergus serrator.
                            
                        
                        
                            Merlin
                            Merlin
                            
                                Falco columbarius.
                            
                        
                        
                            Millerbird
                            Millerbird
                            
                                Acrocephalus familiaris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Mockingbird
                            Bahama Mockingbird
                            
                                Mimus gundlachii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue Mockingbird
                            
                                Melanotis caerulescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Mockingbird
                            
                                Mimus polyglottos.
                            
                        
                        
                            Moorhen
                            Eurasian Moorhen
                            
                                Gallinula chloropus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Mountain-gem
                            Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem
                            
                                Lampornis amethystinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-throated Mountain-gem
                            
                                Lampornis clemenciae.
                            
                        
                        
                            Murre
                            Common Murre
                            
                                Uria aalge.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Thick-billed Murre
                            
                                Uria lomvia.
                            
                        
                        
                            Murrelet
                            Ancient Murrelet
                            
                                Synthliboramphus antiquus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Craveri's Murrelet
                            
                                Synthliboramphus craveri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Guadalupe Murrelet
                            
                                Synthliboramphus hypoleucus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kittlitz's Murrelet
                            
                                Brachyramphus brevirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-billed Murrelet
                            
                                Brachyramphus perdix.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Marbled Murrelet
                            
                                Brachyramphus marmoratus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scripps's Murrelet
                            
                                Synthliboramphus scrippsi.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                            Needletail
                            White-throated Needletail
                            
                                Hirundapus caudacutus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nighthawk
                            Antillean Nighthawk
                            
                                Chordeiles gundlachii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Nighthawk
                            
                                Chordeiles minor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Nighthawk
                            
                                Chordeiles acutipennis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Night-Heron
                            Black-crowned Night-Heron
                            
                                Nycticorax nycticorax.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Japanese Night-Heron
                            
                                Gorsachius goisagi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Malayan Night-Heron
                            
                                Gorsachius melanolophus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nankeen Night-Heron
                            
                                Nycticorax caledonicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
                            
                                Nyctanassa violacea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nightingale-Thrush
                            Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush
                            
                                Catharus mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush
                            
                                Catharus aurantiirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nightjar
                            Buff-collared Nightjar
                            
                                Antrostomus ridgwayi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Nightjar
                            
                                Caprimulgus jotaka.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Nightjar
                            
                                Antrostomus noctitherus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tailed Nightjar
                            
                                Hydropsalis cayennensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Noddy
                            Black Noddy
                            
                                Anous minutus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-gray Noddy
                            
                                Anous ceruleus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown Noddy
                            
                                Anous stolidus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nukupu`u
                            Kauai Nukupu`u
                            
                                Hemignathus hanapepe.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Maui Nukupu`u
                            
                                Hemignathus affinis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            O`ahu Nukupu`u
                            
                                Hemignathus lucidus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nutcracker
                            Clark's Nutcracker
                            
                                Nucifraga columbiana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Nuthatch
                            Brown-headed Nuthatch
                            
                                Sitta pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pygmy Nuthatch
                            
                                Sitta pygmaea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-breasted Nuthatch
                            
                                Sitta canadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-breasted Nuthatch
                            
                                Sitta carolinensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Oloma`o
                            Oloma`o
                            
                                Myadestes lanaiensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            `Oma'o
                            `Oma'o
                            
                                Myadestes obscurus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Oriole
                            Altamira Oriole
                            
                                Icterus gularis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Audubon's Oriole
                            
                                Icterus graduacauda.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Baltimore Oriole
                            
                                Icterus galbula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-backed Oriole
                            
                                Icterus abeillei.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-vented Oriole
                            
                                Icterus wagleri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bullock's Oriole
                            
                                Icterus bullockii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hooded Oriole
                            
                                Icterus cucullatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Orchard Oriole
                            
                                Icterus spurius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Oriole
                            
                                Icterus portoricensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scott's Oriole
                            
                                Icterus parisorum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Streak-backed Oriole
                            
                                Icterus pustulatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Osprey
                            Osprey
                            
                                Pandion haliaetus.
                            
                        
                        
                            `O`u
                            `O`u
                            
                                Psittirostra psittacea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Ovenbird
                            Ovenbird
                            
                                Seiurus aurocapilla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Owl
                            Barn Owl
                            
                                Tyto alba.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Barred Owl
                            
                                Strix varia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Boreal Owl
                            
                                Aegolius funereus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Burrowing Owl
                            
                                Athene cunicularia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Elf Owl
                            
                                Micrathene whitneyi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Flammulated Owl
                            
                                Psiloscops flammeolus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Gray Owl
                            
                                Strix nebulosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Horned Owl
                            
                                Bubo virginianus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-eared Owl
                            
                                Asio otus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mottled Owl
                            
                                Strix virgata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Hawk Owl
                            
                                Surnia ulula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Saw-whet Owl
                            
                                Aegolius acadicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Owl
                            
                                Gymnasio nudipes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-eared Owl
                            
                                Asio flammeus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snowy Owl
                            
                                Bubo scandiacus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Owl
                            
                                Strix occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Stygian Owl
                            
                                Asio stygius.
                            
                        
                        
                            Oystercatcher
                            American Oystercatcher
                            
                                Haematopus palliatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Oystercatcher
                            
                                Haematopus bachmani.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Oystercatcher
                            
                                Haematopus ostralegus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Palila
                            Palila
                            
                                Loxioides bailleui.
                            
                        
                        
                            Palm-Swift
                            Antillean Palm-Swift
                            
                                Tachornis phoenicobia.
                            
                        
                        
                            Parrotbill
                            Maui Parrotbill
                            
                                Pseudonestor xanthophrys.
                            
                        
                        
                            Parula
                            Northern Parula
                            
                                Setophaga americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tropical Parula
                            
                                Setophaga pitiayumi.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pauraque
                            Common Pauraque
                            
                                Nyctidromus albicollis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pelican
                            American White Pelican
                            
                                Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown Pelican
                            
                                Pelecanus occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Petrel
                            Bermuda Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma cahow.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Black-capped Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma hasitata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-winged Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma nigripennis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bonin Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma hypoleuca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bulwer's Petrel
                            
                                Bulweria bulwerii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cook's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma cookii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fea's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma feae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gould's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma leucoptera.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-faced Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma gouldi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hawaiian Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma sandwichensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Herald Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma heraldica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Jouanin's Petrel
                            
                                Bulweria fallax.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Juan Fernandez Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma externa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kermadec Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma neglecta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mottled Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma inexpectata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Murphy's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma ultima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Parkinson's Petrel
                            
                                Procellaria parkinsoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Phoenix Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma alba.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Providence Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma solandri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Stejneger's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma longirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tahiti Petrel
                            
                                Pseudobulweria rostrata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Trindade Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma arminjoniana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-chinned Petrel
                            
                                Procellaria aequinoctialis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-necked Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma cervicalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Zino's Petrel
                            
                                Pterodroma madeira.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pewee
                            Cuban Pewee
                            
                                Contopus caribaeus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Greater Pewee
                            
                                Contopus pertinax.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hispaniolan Pewee
                            
                                Contopus hispaniolensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Antillean Pewee
                            
                                Contopus latirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Phainopepla
                            Phainopepla
                            
                                Phainopepla nitens.
                            
                        
                        
                            Phalarope
                            Red Phalarope
                            
                                Phalaropus fulicarius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-necked Phalarope
                            
                                Phalaropus lobatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wilson's Phalarope
                            
                                Phalaropus tricolor.
                            
                        
                        
                            Phoebe
                            Black Phoebe
                            
                                Sayornis nigricans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Phoebe
                            
                                Sayornis phoebe.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Say's Phoebe
                            
                                Sayornis saya.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pigeon
                            Band-tailed Pigeon
                            
                                Patagioenas fasciata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Plain Pigeon
                            
                                Patagioenas inornata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-billed Pigeon
                            
                                Patagioenas flavirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scaly-naped Pigeon
                            
                                Patagioenas squamosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-crowned Pigeon
                            
                                Patagioenas leucocephala.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pintail
                            Northern Pintail
                            
                                Anas acuta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-cheeked Pintail
                            
                                Anas bahamensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pipit
                            American Pipit
                            
                                Anthus rubescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Olive-backed Pipit
                            
                                Anthus hodgsoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pechora Pipit
                            
                                Anthus gustavi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-throated Pipit
                            
                                Anthus cervinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sprague's Pipit
                            
                                Anthus spragueii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tree Pipit
                            
                                Anthus trivialis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Plover
                            Black-bellied Plover
                            
                                Pluvialis squatarola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Collared Plover
                            
                                Charadrius collaris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Ringed Plover
                            
                                Charadrius hiaticula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kentish Plover
                            
                                Charadrius alexandrinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Ringed Plover
                            
                                Charadrius dubius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mountain Plover
                            
                                Charadrius montanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Piping Plover
                            
                                Charadrius melodus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Semipalmated Plover
                            
                                Charadrius semipalmatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Snowy Plover
                            
                                Charadrius nivosus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wilson's Plover
                            
                                Charadrius wilsonia.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pochard
                            Baer's Pochard
                            
                                Aythya baeri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Pochard
                            
                                Aythya ferina.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pond-Heron
                            Chinese Pond-Heron
                            
                                Ardeola bacchus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Poorwill
                            Common Poorwill
                            
                                Phalaenoptilus nuttallii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Po`ouli
                            Po`ouli
                            
                                Melamprosops phaeosoma.
                            
                        
                        
                            Puaiohi
                            Puaiohi
                            
                                Myadestes palmeri.
                            
                        
                        
                            Puffin
                            Atlantic Puffin
                            
                                Fratercula arctica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Horned Puffin
                            
                                Fratercula corniculata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tufted Puffin
                            
                                Fratercula cirrhata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pygmy-Owl
                            Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
                            
                                Glaucidium brasilianum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Pygmy-Owl
                            
                                Glaucidium gnoma.
                            
                        
                        
                            Pyrrhuloxia
                            Pyrrhuloxia
                            
                                Cardinalis sinuatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Quail-Dove
                            Bridled Quail-Dove
                            
                                Geotrygon mystacea.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Key West Quail-Dove
                            
                                Geotrygon chrysia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruddy Quail-Dove
                            
                                Geotrygon montana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Quetzal
                            Eared Quetzal
                            
                                Euptilotis neoxenus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Rail
                            Black Rail
                            
                                Laterallus jamaicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Buff-banded Rail
                            
                                Gallirallus philippensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Clapper Rail
                            
                                Rallus crepitans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Guam Rail
                            
                                Gallirallus owstoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            King Rail
                            
                                Rallus elegans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ridgway's Rail
                            
                                Rallus obsoletus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Rail
                            
                                Pardirallus maculatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Virginia Rail
                            
                                Rallus limicola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow Rail
                            
                                Coturnicops noveboracensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Raven
                            Chihuahuan Raven
                            
                                Corvus cryptoleucus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Raven
                            
                                Corvus corax.
                            
                        
                        
                            Razorbill
                            Razorbill
                            
                                Alca torda.
                            
                        
                        
                            Redhead
                            Redhead
                            
                                Aythya americana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Redpoll
                            Common Redpoll
                            
                                Acanthis flammea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hoary Redpoll
                            
                                Acanthis hornemanni.
                            
                        
                        
                            Redshank
                            Common Redshank
                            
                                Tringa totanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Redshank
                            
                                Tringa erythropus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Redstart
                            American Redstart
                            
                                Setophaga ruticilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Redstart
                            
                                Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Painted Redstart
                            
                                Myioborus pictus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Slate-throated Redstart
                            
                                Myioborus miniatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Redwing
                            Redwing
                            
                                Turdus iliacus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Reef-Heron
                            Pacific Reef-Heron
                            
                                Egretta sacra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Reef-Heron
                            
                                Egretta gularis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Roadrunner
                            Greater Roadrunner
                            
                                Geococcyx californianus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Robin
                            American Robin
                            
                                Turdus migratorius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            European Robin
                            
                                Erithacus rubecula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous-backed Robin
                            
                                Turdus rufopalliatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous-tailed Robin
                            
                                Larvivora sibilans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Siberian Blue Robin
                            
                                Larvivora cyane.
                            
                        
                        
                            Rock-Thrush
                            Blue Rock-Thrush
                            
                                Monticola solitarius.
                            
                        
                        
                            Rosefinch
                            Common Rosefinch
                            
                                Carpodacus erythrinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pallas's Rosefinch
                            
                                Carpodacus roseus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Rosy-Finch
                            Asian Rosy-Finch
                            
                                Leucosticte arctoa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Rosy-Finch
                            
                                Leucosticte atrata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown-capped Rosy-Finch
                            
                                Leucosticte australis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch
                            
                                Leucosticte tephrocotis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Rubythroat
                            Siberian Rubythroat
                            
                                Calliope calliope.
                            
                        
                        
                            Ruff
                            Ruff
                            
                                Calidris pugnax.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sanderling
                            Sanderling
                            
                                Calidris alba.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sandpiper
                            Baird's Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris bairdii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Broad-billed Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris falcinellus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Buff-breasted Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris subruficollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Sandpiper
                            
                                Actitis hypoleucos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Curlew Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris ferruginea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green Sandpiper
                            
                                Tringa ochropus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris minutilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Marsh Sandpiper
                            
                                Tringa stagnatilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pectoral Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris melanotos.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Purple Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris maritima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rock Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris ptilocnemis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Semipalmated Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris acuminata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Solitary Sandpiper
                            
                                Tringa solitaria.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spoon-billed Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris pygmea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Sandpiper
                            
                                Actitis macularius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Stilt Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris himantopus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Terek Sandpiper
                            
                                Xenus cinereus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Upland Sandpiper
                            
                                Bartramia longicauda.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris mauri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-rumped Sandpiper
                            
                                Calidris fuscicollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wood Sandpiper
                            
                                Tringa glareola.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sand-Plover
                            Greater Sand-Plover
                            
                                Charadrius leschenaultii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Sand-Plover
                            
                                Charadrius mongolus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sapsucker
                            Red-breasted Sapsucker
                            
                                Sphyrapicus ruber.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-naped Sapsucker
                            
                                Sphyrapicus nuchalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Williamson's Sapsucker
                            
                                Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
                            
                                Sphyrapicus varius.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                            Scaup
                            Greater Scaup
                            
                                Aythya marila.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Scaup
                            
                                Aythya affinis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Scops-Owl
                            Oriental Scops-Owl
                            
                                Otus sunia.
                            
                        
                        
                            Scoter
                            Black Scoter
                            
                                Melanitta americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Scoter
                            
                                Melanitta nigra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Stejneger's Scoter
                            
                                Melanitta stejneger.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Surf Scoter
                            
                                Melanitta perspicillata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-winged Scoter
                            
                                Melanitta deglandi.
                            
                        
                        
                            Screech-Owl
                            Eastern Screech-Owl
                            
                                Megascops asio.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Screech-Owl
                            
                                Megascops kennicottii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Whiskered Screech-Owl
                            
                                Megascops trichopsis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Scrub-Jay
                            California Scrub-Jay
                            
                                Aphelocoma californica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Florida Scrub-Jay
                            
                                Aphelocoma coerulescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Island Scrub-Jay
                            
                                Aphelocoma insularis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay
                            
                                Aphelocoma woodhouseii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sea-Eagle
                            Steller's Sea-Eagle
                            
                                Haliaeetus pelagicus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Seedeater
                            Morelet's Seedeater
                            
                                Sporophila morelleti.
                            
                        
                        
                            Shearwater
                            Audubon's Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus lherminieri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Barolo Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus baroli.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-vented Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus opisthomelas.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bryan's Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus bryani.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Buller's Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna bulleri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cape Verde Shearwater
                            
                                Calonectris edwardsii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Christmas Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus nativitatis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cory's Shearwater
                            
                                Calonectris diomedea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Flesh-footed Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna carneipes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna gravis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Manx Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus puffinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Newell's Shearwater
                            
                                Puffinus newelli.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pink-footed Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna creatopus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-tailed Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna tenuirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sooty Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna grisea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Streaked Shearwater
                            
                                Calonectris leucomelas.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wedge-tailed Shearwater
                            
                                Ardenna pacifica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Shoveler
                            Northern Shoveler
                            
                                Spatula clypeata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Shrike
                            Brown Shrike
                            
                                Lanius cristatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Loggerhead Shrike
                            
                                Lanius ludovicianus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Shrike
                            
                                Lanius borealis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Silky-Flycatcher
                            Gray Silky-Flycatcher
                            
                                Ptiliogonys cinereus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Siskin
                            Eurasian Siskin
                            
                                Spinus spinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pine Siskin
                            
                                Spinus pinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Skimmer
                            Black Skimmer
                            
                                Rynchops niger.
                            
                        
                        
                            Skua
                            Great Skua
                            
                                Stercorarius skua.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            South Polar Skua
                            
                                Stercorarius maccormicki.
                            
                        
                        
                            Skylark
                            Eurasian Skylark
                            
                                Alauda arvensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Smew
                            Smew
                            
                                Mergellus albellus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Snipe
                            Common Snipe
                            
                                Gallinago gallinago.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Jack Snipe
                            
                                Lymnocryptes minimus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pin-tailed Snipe
                            
                                Gallinago stenura.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Solitary Snipe
                            
                                Gallinago solitaria.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swinhoe's Snipe
                            
                                Gallinago megala.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wilson's Snipe
                            
                                Gallinago delicata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Solitaire
                            Brown-backed Solitaire
                            
                                Myadestes occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Townsend's Solitaire
                            
                                Myadestes townsendi.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sora
                            Sora
                            
                                Porzana carolina.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sparrow
                            American Tree Sparrow
                            
                                Spizelloides arborea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bachman's Sparrow
                            
                                Peucaea aestivalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Baird's Sparrow
                            
                                Centronyx bairdii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bell's Sparrow
                            
                                Artemisiospiza belli.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-chinned Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella atrogularis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-throated Sparrow
                            
                                Amphispiza bilineata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Botteri's Sparrow
                            
                                Peucaea botterii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brewer's Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella breweri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cassin's Sparrow
                            
                                Peucaea cassinii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chipping Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella passerina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Clay-colored Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella pallida.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Field Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Five-striped Sparrow
                            
                                Amphispizopsis quinquestriata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fox Sparrow
                            
                                Passerella iliaca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden-crowned Sparrow
                            
                                Zonotrichia atricapilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Grasshopper Sparrow
                            
                                Ammodramus savannarum.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Harris's Sparrow
                            
                                Zonotrichia querula.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Henslow's Sparrow
                            
                                Centronyx henslowii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lark Sparrow
                            
                                Chondestes grammacus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            LeConte's Sparrow
                            
                                Ammospiza leconteii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lincoln's Sparrow
                            
                                Melospiza lincolnii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nelson's Sparrow
                            
                                Ammospiza nelsoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Olive Sparrow
                            
                                Arremonops rufivirgatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous-crowned Sparrow
                            
                                Aimophila ruficeps.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous-winged Sparrow
                            
                                Peucaea carpalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sagebrush Sparrow
                            
                                Artemisiospiza nevadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Saltmarsh Sparrow
                            
                                Ammospiza caudacuta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Savannah Sparrow
                            
                                Passerculus sandwichensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Seaside Sparrow
                            
                                Ammospiza maritima.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Song Sparrow
                            
                                Melospiza melodia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swamp Sparrow
                            
                                Melospiza georgiana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Vesper Sparrow
                            
                                Pooecetes gramineus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-crowned Sparrow
                            
                                Zonotrichia leucophrys.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-throated Sparrow
                            
                                Zonotrichia albicollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Worthen's Sparrow
                            
                                Spizella wortheni.
                            
                        
                        
                            Sparrowhawk
                            Chinese Sparrowhawk
                            
                                Accipiter soloensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Japanese Sparrowhawk
                            
                                Accipiter gularis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Spindalis
                            Puerto Rican Spindalis
                            
                                Spindalis portoricensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Spindalis
                            
                                Spindalis zena.
                            
                        
                        
                            Spoonbill
                            Roseate Spoonbill
                            
                                Platalea ajaja.
                            
                        
                        
                            Starling
                            Chestnut-cheeked Starling
                            
                                Agropsar philippensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-cheeked Starling
                            
                                Spodiopsar cineraceus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Starthroat
                            Plain-capped Starthroat
                            
                                Heliomaster constantii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Stilt
                            Black-necked Stilt
                            
                                Himantopus mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-winged Stilt
                            
                                Himantopus himantopus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Stint
                            Little Stint
                            
                                Calidris minuta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-toed Stint
                            
                                Calidris subminuta.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-necked Stint
                            
                                Calidris ruficollis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Temminck's Stint
                            
                                Calidris temminckii.
                            
                        
                        
                            Stonechat
                            Asian Stonechat
                            
                                Saxicola maurus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Stork
                            Wood Stork
                            
                                Mycteria americana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Storm-Petrel
                            Ashy Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates homochroa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Band-rumped Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates castro.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates melania.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-bellied Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Fregetta tropica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            European Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates pelagicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates furcatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Leach's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates leucorhous.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates microsoma.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates matsudairae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Polynesian Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Nesofregetta fuliginosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ringed Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates hornbyi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates monorhis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Townsend's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates socorroensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tristram's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates tristrami.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Hydrobates tethys.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-bellied Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Fregetta grallaria.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-faced Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Pelagodroma marina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wilson's Storm-Petrel
                            
                                Oceanites oceanicus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Surfbird
                            Surfbird
                            
                                Calidris virgata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Swallow
                            Bahama Swallow
                            
                                Tachycineta cyaneoviridis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bank Swallow
                            
                                Riparia riparia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Barn Swallow
                            
                                Hirundo rustica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-and-white Swallow
                            
                                Pygochelidon cyanoleuca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cave Swallow
                            
                                Petrochelidon fulva.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cliff Swallow
                            
                                Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mangrove Swallow
                            
                                Tachycineta albilinea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Rough-winged Swallow
                            
                                Stelgidopteryx serripennis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tree Swallow
                            
                                Tachycineta bicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Violet-green Swallow
                            
                                Tachycineta thalassina.
                            
                        
                        
                            Swamphen
                            Purple Swamphen
                            
                                Porphyrio porphyrio.
                            
                        
                        
                            Swan
                            Trumpeter Swan
                            
                                Cygnus buccinator.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tundra Swan
                            
                                Cygnus columbianus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Whooper Swan
                            
                                Cygnus cygnus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Swift
                            Alpine Swift
                            
                                Apus melba.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Swift
                            
                                Cypseloides niger.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chimney Swift
                            
                                Chaetura pelagica.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Common Swift
                            
                                Apus apus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fork-tailed Swift
                            
                                Apus pacificus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Short-tailed Swift
                            
                                Chaetura brachyura.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Vaux's Swift
                            
                                Chaetura vauxi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-collared Swift
                            
                                Streptoprocne zonaris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-throated Swift
                            
                                Aeronautes saxatalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Swiftlet
                            Mariana Swiftlet
                            
                                Aerodramus bartschi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-rumped Swiftlet
                            
                                Aerodramus spodiopygius.
                            
                        
                        
                            Tanager
                            Flame-colored Tanager
                            
                                Piranga bidentata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hepatic Tanager
                            
                                Piranga flava.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Tanager
                            
                                Nesospingus speculiferus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Scarlet Tanager
                            
                                Piranga olivacea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Summer Tanager
                            
                                Piranga rubra.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Tanager
                            
                                Piranga ludoviciana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Tattler
                            Gray-tailed Tattler
                            
                                Tringa brevipes.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wandering Tattler
                            
                                Tringa incana.
                            
                        
                        
                            Teal
                            Baikal Teal
                            
                                Sibirionetta formosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-winged Teal
                            
                                Spatula discors.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cinnamon Teal
                            
                                Spatula cyanoptera.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green-winged Teal
                            
                                Anas crecca.
                            
                        
                        
                            Tern
                            Aleutian Tern
                            
                                Onychoprion aleuticus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Arctic Tern
                            
                                Sterna paradisaea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black Tern
                            
                                Chlidonias niger.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-naped Tern
                            
                                Sterna sumatrana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bridled Tern
                            
                                Onychoprion anaethetus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Caspian Tern
                            
                                Hydroprogne caspia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Common Tern
                            
                                Sterna hirundo.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Elegant Tern
                            
                                Thalasseus elegans.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Forster's Tern
                            
                                Sterna forsteri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-backed Tern
                            
                                Onychoprion lunatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Crested Tern
                            
                                Thalasseus bergii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gull-billed Tern
                            
                                Gelochelidon nilotica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Inca Tern
                            
                                Larosterna inca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Large-billed Tern
                            
                                Phaetusa simplex.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Least Tern
                            
                                Sternula antillarum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Little Tern
                            
                                Sternula albifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Roseate Tern
                            
                                Sterna dougallii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Royal Tern
                            
                                Thalasseus maximus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sandwich Tern
                            
                                Thalasseus sandvicensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sooty Tern
                            
                                Onychoprion fuscatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Whiskered Tern
                            
                                Chlidonias hybrida.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White Tern
                            
                                Gygis alba.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-winged Tern
                            
                                Chlidonias leucopterus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Thrasher
                            Bendire's Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma bendirei.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Brown Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma rufum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            California Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma redivivum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crissal Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma crissale.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Curve-billed Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma curvirostre.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            LeConte's Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma lecontei.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Long-billed Thrasher
                            
                                Toxostoma longirostre.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pearly-eyed Thrasher
                            
                                Margarops fuscatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sage Thrasher
                            
                                Oreoscoptes montanus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Thrush
                            Aztec Thrush
                            
                                Ridgwayia pinicola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bicknell's Thrush
                            
                                Catharus bicknelli.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Clay-colored Thrush
                            
                                Turdus grayi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dusky Thrush
                            
                                Turdus eunomus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eyebrowed Thrush
                            
                                Turdus obscurus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-cheeked Thrush
                            
                                Catharus minimus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hermit Thrush
                            
                                Catharus guttatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Naumann's Thrush
                            
                                Turdus naumanni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-legged Thrush
                            
                                Turdus plumbeus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swainson's Thrush
                            
                                Catharus ustulatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Varied Thrush
                            
                                Ixoreus naevius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-throated Thrush
                            
                                Turdus assimilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wood Thrush
                            
                                Hylocichla mustelina.
                            
                        
                        
                            Tiger-Heron
                            Bare-throated Tiger-Heron
                            
                                Tigrisoma mexicanum.
                            
                        
                        
                            Titmouse
                            Black-crested Titmouse
                            
                                Baeolophus atricristatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bridled Titmouse
                            
                                Baeolophus wollweberi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Juniper Titmouse
                            
                                Baeolophus ridgwayi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Oak Titmouse
                            
                                Baeolophus inornatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tufted Titmouse
                            
                                Baeolophus bicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                            Tityra
                            Masked Tityra
                            
                                Tityra semifasciata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Towhee
                            Abert's Towhee
                            
                                Melozone aberti.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            California Towhee
                            
                                Melozone crissalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Canyon Towhee
                            
                                Melozone fusca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Towhee
                            
                                Pipilo erythrophthalmus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Green-tailed Towhee
                            
                                Pipilo chlorurus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Spotted Towhee
                            
                                Pipilo maculatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Trogon
                            Elegant Trogon
                            
                                Trogon elegans.
                            
                        
                        
                            Tropicbird
                            Red-billed Tropicbird
                            
                                Phaethon aethereus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-tailed Tropicbird
                            
                                Phaethon rubricauda.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-tailed Tropicbird
                            
                                Phaethon lepturus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Turnstone
                            Black Turnstone
                            
                                Arenaria melanocephala.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ruddy Turnstone
                            
                                Arenaria interpres.
                            
                        
                        
                            Turtle-Dove
                            Oriental Turtle-Dove
                            
                                Streptopelia orientalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Veery
                            Veery
                            
                                Catharus fuscescens.
                            
                        
                        
                            Verdin
                            Verdin
                            
                                Auriparus flaviceps.
                            
                        
                        
                            Violetear
                            Mexican Violetear
                            
                                Colibri thalassinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Vireo
                            Bell's Vireo
                            
                                Vireo bellii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-capped Vireo
                            
                                Vireo atricapilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-whiskered Vireo
                            
                                Vireo altiloquus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-headed Vireo
                            
                                Vireo solitarius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cassin's Vireo
                            
                                Vireo cassinii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cuban Vireo
                            
                                Vireo gundlachii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Vireo
                            
                                Vireo vicinior.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hutton's Vireo
                            
                                Vireo huttoni.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Philadelphia Vireo
                            
                                Vireo philadelphicus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Plumbeous Vireo
                            
                                Vireo plumbeus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Vireo
                            
                                Vireo latimeri.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-eyed Vireo
                            
                                Vireo olivaceus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Thick-billed Vireo
                            
                                Vireo crassirostris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Warbling Vireo
                            
                                Vireo gilvus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-eyed Vireo
                            
                                Vireo griseus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-green Vireo
                            
                                Vireo flavoviridis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-throated Vireo
                            
                                Vireo flavifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yucatan Vireo
                            
                                Vireo magister.
                            
                        
                        
                            Vulture
                            Black Vulture
                            
                                Coragyps atratus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Turkey Vulture
                            
                                Cathartes aura.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wagtail
                            Citrine Wagtail
                            
                                Motacilla citreola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eastern Yellow Wagtail
                            
                                Motacilla tschutschensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray Wagtail
                            
                                Motacilla cinerea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White Wagtail
                            
                                Motacilla alba.
                            
                        
                        
                            Warbler
                            Adelaide's Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga adelaidae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Aguiguan Reed Warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus nijoi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Arctic Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus borealis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bachman's Warbler
                            
                                Vermivora bachmanii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Bay-breasted Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga castanea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-and-white Warbler
                            
                                Mniotilta varia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blackburnian Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga fusca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blackpoll Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga striata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-throated Blue Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga caerulescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-throated Gray Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga nigrescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-throated Green Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga virens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blue-winged Warbler
                            
                                Vermivora cyanoptera.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Blyth's Reed Warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus dumetorum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Canada Warbler
                            
                                Cardellina canadensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cape May Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga tigrina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cerulean Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga cerulea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Chestnut-sided Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga pensylvanica.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Colima Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis crissalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Connecticut Warbler
                            
                                Oporornis agilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Crescent-chested Warbler
                            
                                Oreothlypis superciliosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Dusky Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus fuscatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Elfin-woods Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga angelae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fan-tailed Warbler
                            
                                Basileuterus lachrymosus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden-cheeked Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga chrysoparia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden-crowned Warbler
                            
                                Basileuterus culicivorus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden-winged Warbler
                            
                                Vermivora chrysoptera.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Grace's Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga graciae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hermit Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga occidentalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hooded Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga citrina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kamchatka Leaf Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus examinandus.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Kentucky Warbler
                            
                                Geothlypis formosa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Kirtland's Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga kirtlandii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lanceolated Warbler
                            
                                Locustella lanceolata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lucy's Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis luciae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            MacGillivray's Warbler
                            
                                Geothlypis tolmiei.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Magnolia Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga magnolia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler
                            
                                Helopsaltes ochotensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mourning Warbler
                            
                                Geothlypis philadelphia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nashville Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis ruficapilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nightingale Reed Warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus luscinius.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Olive Warbler
                            
                                Peucedramus taeniatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Orange-crowned Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis celata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pagan Reed Warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus yamashinae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler
                            
                                Helopsaltes certhiola.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pallas's Leaf Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus proregulus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Palm Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga palmarum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pine Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga pinus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Prairie Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga discolor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Prothonotary Warbler
                            
                                Protonotaria citrea.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-faced Warbler
                            
                                Cardellina rubrifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            River Warbler
                            
                                Locustella fluviatilis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rufous-capped Warbler
                            
                                Basileuterus rufifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Saipan Reed warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus hiwae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sedge Warbler
                            
                                Acrocephalus schoenobaenus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Swainson's Warbler
                            
                                Limnothlypis swainsonii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Tennessee Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis peregrina.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Thick-billed Warbler
                            
                                Arundinax aedon.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Townsend's Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga townsendi.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Virginia's Warbler
                            
                                Leiothlypis virginiae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Willow Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus trochilus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wilson's Warbler
                            
                                Cardellina pusilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Wood Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus sibilatrix.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Worm-eating Warbler
                            
                                Helmitheros vermivorum.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga petechia.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-browed Warbler
                            
                                Phylloscopus inornatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-rumped Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga coronata.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Yellow-throated Warbler
                            
                                Setophaga dominica.
                            
                        
                        
                            Waterthrush
                            Louisiana Waterthrush
                            
                                Parkesia motacilla.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Northern Waterthrush
                            
                                Parkesia noveboracensis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Waxwing
                            Bohemian Waxwing
                            
                                Bombycilla garrulus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cedar Waxwing
                            
                                Bombycilla cedrorum.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wheatear
                            Northern Wheatear
                            
                                Oenanthe oenanthe.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pied Wheatear
                            
                                Oenanthe pleschanka.
                            
                        
                        
                            Whimbrel
                            Whimbrel
                            
                                Numenius phaeopus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Whip-poor-will
                            Eastern Whip-poor-will
                            
                                Antrostomus vociferus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Mexican Whip-poor-will
                            
                                Antrostomus arizonae.
                            
                        
                        
                            Whistling-Duck
                            Black-bellied Whistling-Duck
                            
                                Dendrocygna autumnalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Fulvous Whistling-Duck
                            
                                Dendrocygna bicolor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            West Indian Whistling-Duck
                            
                                Dendrocygna arborea.
                            
                        
                        
                            Whitethroat
                            Lesser Whitethroat
                            
                                Sylvia curruca.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wigeon
                            American Wigeon
                            
                                Mareca americana.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Wigeon
                            
                                Mareca penelope.
                            
                        
                        
                            Willet
                            Willet
                            
                                Tringa semipalmata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Woodcock
                            American Woodcock
                            
                                Scolopax minor.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Eurasian Woodcock
                            
                                Scolopax rusticola.
                            
                        
                        
                            Woodpecker
                            Acorn Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes formicivorus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            American Three-toed Woodpecker
                            
                                Picoides dorsalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Arizona Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates arizonae.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Black-backed Woodpecker
                            
                                Picoides arcticus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Downy Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates pubescens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gila Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes uropygialis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Golden-fronted Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes aurifrons.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Great Spotted Woodpecker
                            
                                Dendrocopos major.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Hairy Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates villosus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ivory-billed Woodpecker
                            
                                Campephilus principalis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Ladder-backed Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates scalaris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lewis's Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes lewis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Nuttall's Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates nuttallii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pileated Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryocopus pileatus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Puerto Rican Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes portoricensis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-bellied Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes carolinus.
                            
                        
                        
                            
                             
                            Red-cockaded Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates borealis.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Red-headed Woodpecker
                            
                                Melanerpes erythrocephalus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            White-headed Woodpecker
                            
                                Dryobates albolarvatus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wood-Pewee
                            Eastern Wood-Pewee
                            
                                Contopus virens.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Western Wood-Pewee
                            
                                Contopus sordidulus.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wood-Rail
                            Rufous-necked Wood-Rail
                            
                                Aramides axillaris.
                            
                        
                        
                            Woodstar
                            Bahama Woodstar
                            
                                Nesophlox evelynae.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wren
                            Bewick's Wren
                            
                                Thryomanes bewickii.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Cactus Wren
                            
                                Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Canyon Wren
                            
                                Catherpes mexicanus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Carolina Wren
                            
                                Thryothorus ludovicianus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            House Wren
                            
                                Troglodytes aedon.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Marsh Wren
                            
                                Cistothorus palustris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Pacific Wren
                            
                                Troglodytes pacificus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Rock Wren
                            
                                Salpinctes obsoletus.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sedge Wren
                            
                                Cistothorus stellaris.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Sinaloa Wren
                            
                                Thryophilus sinaloa.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Winter Wren
                            
                                Troglodytes hiemalis.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wrentit
                            Wrentit
                            
                                Chamaea fasciata.
                            
                        
                        
                            Wryneck
                            Eurasian Wryneck
                            
                                Jynx torquilla.
                            
                        
                        
                            Yellowlegs
                            Greater Yellowlegs
                            
                                Tringa melanoleuca.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Lesser Yellowlegs
                            
                                Tringa flavipes.
                            
                        
                        
                            Yellowthroat
                            Common Yellowthroat
                            
                                Geothlypis trichas.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                            Gray-crowned Yellowthroat
                            
                                Geothlypis poliocephala
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        (2) 
                        Taxonomic listing.
                         The table lists species in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also provide the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily.
                    
                    
                        Table 2 to Paragraph (c)Taxonomic Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
                        
                            Species scientific name
                            Species common name
                        
                        
                            
                                (i) Order Anseriformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Anatidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Dendrocygninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Dendrocygna autumnalis
                            
                            Black-bellied Whistling-Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dendrocygna arborea
                            
                            West Indian Whistling-Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dendrocygna bicolor
                            
                            Fulvous Whistling-Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Anserinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser canagicus
                            
                            Emperor Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser caerulescens
                            
                            Snow Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser rossii
                            
                            Ross's Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser albifrons
                            
                            Greater White-fronted Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser erythropus
                            
                            Lesser White-fronted Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser fabalis
                            
                            Taiga Bean-Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser serrirostris
                            
                            Tundra Bean-Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anser brachyrhynchus
                            
                            Pink-footed Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Branta bernicla
                            
                            Brant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Branta leucopsis
                            
                            Barnacle Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Branta hutchinsii
                            
                            Cackling Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Branta canadensis
                            
                            Canada Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Branta sandvicensis
                            
                            Hawaiian Goose.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cygnus buccinator
                            
                            Trumpeter Swan.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cygnus columbianus
                            
                            Tundra Swan.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cygnus cygnus
                            
                            Whooper Swan.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Anatinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Cairina moschata
                            
                            Muscovy Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aix sponsa
                            
                            Wood Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sibirionetta formosa
                            
                            Baikal Teal.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spatula querquedula
                            
                            Garganey.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spatula discors
                            
                            Blue-winged Teal.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Spatula cyanoptera
                            
                            Cinnamon Teal.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spatula clypeata
                            
                            Northern Shoveler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mareca strepera
                            
                            Gadwall.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mareca falcata
                            
                            Falcated Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mareca penelope
                            
                            Eurasian Wigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mareca americana
                            
                            American Wigeon
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas laysanensis
                            
                            Laysan Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas wyvilliana
                            
                            Hawaiian Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas zonorhyncha
                            
                            Eastern Spot-billed Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas platyrhynchos
                            
                            Mallard.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas diazi
                            
                            Mexican Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas rubripes
                            
                            American Black Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas fulvigula
                            
                            Mottled Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas superciliosa
                            
                            Pacific Black Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas bahamensis
                            
                            White-cheeked Pintail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas acuta
                            
                            Northern Pintail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anas crecca
                            
                            Green-winged Teal.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya valisineria
                            
                            Canvasback.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya americana
                            
                            Redhead.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya ferina
                            
                            Common Pochard.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya baeri
                            
                            Baer's Pochard.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya collaris
                            
                            Ring-necked Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya fuligula
                            
                            Tufted Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya marila
                            
                            Greater Scaup.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aythya affinis
                            
                            Lesser Scaup.
                        
                        
                            
                                Polysticta stelleri
                            
                            Steller's Eider.
                        
                        
                            
                                Somateria fischeri
                            
                            Spectacled Eider.
                        
                        
                            
                                Somateria spectabilis
                            
                            King Eider.
                        
                        
                            
                                Somateria mollissima
                            
                            Common Eider.
                        
                        
                            
                                Histrionicus histrionicus
                            
                            Harlequin Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanitta perspicillata
                            
                            Surf Scoter.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanitta deglandi
                            
                            White-winged Scoter.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanitta stejneger
                            
                            Stejneger's Scoter.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanitta nigra
                            
                            Common Scoter.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanitta americana
                            
                            Black Scoter.
                        
                        
                            
                                Clangula hyemalis
                            
                            Long-tailed Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bucephala albeola
                            
                            Bufflehead.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bucephala clangula
                            
                            Common Goldeneye.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bucephala islandica
                            
                            Barrow's Goldeneye.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mergellus albellus
                            
                            Smew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lophodytes cucullatus
                            
                            Hooded Merganser.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mergus merganser
                            
                            Common Merganser.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mergus serrator
                            
                            Red-breasted Merganser.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nomonyx dominicus
                            
                            Masked Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oxyura jamaicensis
                            
                            Ruddy Duck.
                        
                        
                            
                                (ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Phoenicopteridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoenicopterus ruber
                            
                            American Flamingo.
                        
                        
                            
                                (iii) Order Podicipediformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Podicipedidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachybaptus dominicus
                            
                            Least Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Podilymbus podiceps
                            
                            Pied-billed Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Podiceps auritus
                            
                            Horned Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Podiceps grisegena
                            
                            Red-necked Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Podiceps nigricollis
                            
                            Eared Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aechmophorus occidentalis
                            
                            Western Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aechmophorus clarkii
                            
                            Clark's Grebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                (iv) Order Columbiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Columbidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Patagioenas squamosa
                            
                            Scaly-naped Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Patagioenas leucocephala
                            
                            White-crowned Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Patagioenas flavirostris
                            
                            Red-billed Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Patagioenas inornata
                            
                            Plain Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Patagioenas fasciata
                            
                            Band-tailed Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Streptopelia orientalis
                            
                            Oriental Turtle-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Alopecoenas stairi
                            
                            Shy Ground Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Alopecoenas xanthonurus
                            
                            White-throated Ground Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Columbina inca
                            
                            Inca Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Columbina passerina
                            
                            Common Ground Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Columbina talpacoti
                            
                            Ruddy Ground Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geotrygon montana
                            
                            Ruddy Quail-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geotrygon chrysia
                            
                            Key West Quail-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geotrygon mystacea
                            
                            Bridled Quail-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leptotila verreauxi
                            
                            White-tipped Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zenaida asiatica
                            
                            White-winged Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zenaida aurita
                            
                            Zenaida Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zenaida macroura
                            
                            Mourning Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ptilinopus perousii
                            
                            Many-colored Fruit-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ptilinopus porphyraceus
                            
                            Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ptilinopus roseicapilla
                            
                            Mariana Fruit-Dove.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ducula pacifica
                            
                            Pacific Imperial-Pigeon.
                        
                        
                            
                                (v) Order Cuculiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Cuculidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Crotophaga ani
                            
                            Smooth-billed Ani.
                        
                        
                            
                                Crotophaga sulcirostris
                            
                            Groove-billed Ani.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Geococcyx californianus
                            
                            Greater Roadrunner.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Cuculinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Urodynamis taitensis
                            
                            Long-tailed Koel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hierococcyx nisicolor
                            
                            Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cuculus canorus
                            
                            Common Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cuculus optatus
                            
                            Oriental Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Clamator coromandus
                            
                            Chestnut-winged Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccyzus melacoryphus
                            
                            Dark-billed Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccyzus americanus
                            
                            Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccyzus minor
                            
                            Mangrove Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccyzus erythropthalmus
                            
                            Black-billed Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccyzus vieilloti
                            
                            Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
                        
                        
                            
                                (vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Caprimulgidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Chordeiles acutipennis
                            
                            Lesser Nighthawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chordeiles minor
                            
                            Common Nighthawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chordeiles gundlachii
                            
                            Antillean Nighthawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Nyctidromus albicollis
                            
                            Common Pauraque.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
                            
                            Common Poorwill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Antrostomus carolinensis
                            
                            Chuck-will's-widow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Antrostomus ridgwayi
                            
                            Buff-collared Nightjar.
                        
                        
                            
                                Antrostomus vociferus
                            
                            Eastern Whip-poor-will.
                        
                        
                            
                                Antrostomus arizonae
                            
                            Mexican Whip-poor-will.
                        
                        
                            
                                Antrostomus noctitherus
                            
                            Puerto Rican Nightjar.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydropsalis cayennensis
                            
                            White-tailed Nightjar.
                        
                        
                            
                                Caprimulgus jotaka
                            
                            Gray Nightjar.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (vii) Order Apodiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Apodidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Cypseloides niger
                            
                            Black Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Streptoprocne zonaris
                            
                            White-collared Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Chaetura pelagica
                            
                            Chimney Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chaetura vauxi
                            
                            Vaux's Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chaetura brachyura
                            
                            Short-tailed Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hirundapus caudacutus
                            
                            White-throated Needletail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aerodramus spodiopygius
                            
                            White-rumped Swiftlet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aerodramus bartschi
                            
                            Mariana Swiftlet.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Apodinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Apus apus
                            
                            Common Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Apus pacificus
                            
                            Fork-tailed Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Apus melba
                            
                            Alpine Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aeronautes saxatalis
                            
                            White-throated Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachornis phoenicobia
                            
                            Antillean Palm-Swift.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Trochilidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Trochilinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Colibri thalassinus
                            
                            Mexican Violetear.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthracothorax prevostii
                            
                            Green-breasted Mango.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthracothorax aurulentus
                            
                            Puerto Rican Mango.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthracothorax viridis
                            
                            Green Mango.
                        
                        
                            
                                Eulampis jugularis
                            
                            Purple-throated Carib.
                        
                        
                            
                                Eulampis holosericeus
                            
                            Green-throated Carib.
                        
                        
                            
                                Eugenes fulgens
                            
                            Rivoli's Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Heliomaster constantii
                            
                            Plain-capped Starthroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lampornis amethystinus
                            
                            Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lampornis clemenciae
                            
                            Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calothorax lucifer
                            
                            Lucifer Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Archilochus colubris
                            
                            Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Archilochus alexandri
                            
                            Black-chinned Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mellisuga minima
                            
                            Vervain Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nesophlox evelynae
                            
                            Bahama Woodstar.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calypte anna
                            
                            Anna's Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calypte costae
                            
                            Costa's Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Selasphorus calliope
                            
                            Calliope Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Selasphorus rufus
                            
                            Rufous Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Selasphorus sasin
                            
                            Allen's Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Selasphorus platycercus
                            
                            Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Selasphorus heloisa
                            
                            Bumblebee Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Riccordia maugaeus
                            
                            Puerto Rican Emerald.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cynanthus latirostris
                            
                            Broad-billed Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Basilinna leucotis
                            
                            White-eared Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Basilinna xantusii
                            
                            Xantus's Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Orthorhyncus cristatus
                            
                            Antillean Crested Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ramosomyia violiceps
                            
                            Violet-crowned Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Saucerottia beryllina
                            
                            Berylline Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Amazilia rutila
                            
                            Cinnamon Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Amazilia yucatanensis
                            
                            Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                (viii) Order Gruiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Rallidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallirallus philippensis
                            
                            Buff-banded Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallirallus owstoni
                            
                            Guam Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Neocrex erythrops
                            
                            Paint-billed Crake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pardirallus maculatus
                            
                            Spotted Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aramides axillaris
                            
                            Rufous-necked Wood-Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rallus obsoletus
                            
                            Ridgway's Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Rallus elegans
                            
                            King Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rallus crepitans
                            
                            Clapper Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rallus limicola
                            
                            Virginia Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Crex crex
                            
                            Corn Crake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Porzana carolina
                            
                            Sora.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinula galeata
                            
                            Common Gallinule.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinula chloropus
                            
                            Eurasian Moorhen.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fulica atra
                            
                            Eurasian Coot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fulica alai
                            
                            Hawaiian Coot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fulica americana
                            
                            American Coot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Porphyrio martinicus
                            
                            Purple Gallinule.
                        
                        
                            
                                Porphyrio flavirostris
                            
                            Azure Gallinule.
                        
                        
                            
                                Porphyrio porphyrio
                            
                            Purple Swamphen.
                        
                        
                            
                                Porzana tabuensis
                            
                            Spotless Crake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coturnicops noveboracensis
                            
                            Yellow Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hapalocrex flaviventer
                            
                            Yellow-breasted Crake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Laterallus jamaicensis
                            
                            Black Rail.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Aramidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Aramus guarauna
                            
                            Limpkin.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Gruidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Gruinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Antigone canadensis
                            
                            Sandhill Crane.
                        
                        
                            
                                Grus grus
                            
                            Common Crane.
                        
                        
                            
                                Grus monacha
                            
                            Hooded Crane.
                        
                        
                            
                                Grus americana
                            
                            Whooping Crane.
                        
                        
                            
                                (ix) Order Charadriiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Recurvirostridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Himantopus himantopus
                            
                            Black-winged Stilt.
                        
                        
                            
                                Himantopus mexicanus
                            
                            Black-necked Stilt.
                        
                        
                            
                                Recurvirostra americana
                            
                            American Avocet.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Haematopodidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Haematopus ostralegus
                            
                            Eurasian Oystercatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haematopus palliatus
                            
                            American Oystercatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haematopus bachmani
                            
                            Black Oystercatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Charadriidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Vanellinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Vanellus vanellus
                            
                            Northern Lapwing.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Charadriinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Pluvialis squatarola
                            
                            Black-bellied Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pluvialis apricaria
                            
                            European Golden-Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pluvialis dominica
                            
                            American Golden-Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pluvialis fulva
                            
                            Pacific Golden-Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius morinellus
                            
                            Eurasian Dotterel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius vociferus
                            
                            Killdeer.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius hiaticula
                            
                            Common Ringed Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius semipalmatus
                            
                            Semipalmated Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius melodus
                            
                            Piping Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius dubius
                            
                            Little Ringed Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius mongolus
                            
                            Lesser Sand-Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius leschenaultii
                            
                            Greater Sand-Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius wilsonia
                            
                            Wilson's Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius collaris
                            
                            Collared Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius alexandrinus
                            
                            Kentish Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius montanus
                            
                            Mountain Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                                Charadrius nivosus
                            
                            Snowy Plover.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (D) Family Jacanidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Jacana spinosa
                            
                            Northern Jacana.
                        
                        
                            
                                (E) Family Scolopacidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Numeniinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Bartramia longicauda
                            
                            Upland Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius tahitiensis
                            
                            Bristle-thighed Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius phaeopus
                            
                            Whimbrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius minutus
                            
                            Little Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius borealis
                            
                            Eskimo Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius americanus
                            
                            Long-billed Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius madagascariensis
                            
                            Far Eastern Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                Numenius arquata
                            
                            Eurasian Curlew.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Limosinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Limosa lapponica
                            
                            Bar-tailed Godwit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Limosa limosa
                            
                            Black-tailed Godwit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Limosa haemastica
                            
                            Hudsonian Godwit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Limosa fedoa
                            
                            Marbled Godwit.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Arenariinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Arenaria interpres
                            
                            Ruddy Turnstone.
                        
                        
                            
                                Arenaria melanocephala
                            
                            Black Turnstone.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris tenuirostris
                            
                            Great Knot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris canutus
                            
                            Red Knot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris virgata
                            
                            Surfbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris pugnax
                            
                            Ruff.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris falcinellus
                            
                            Broad-billed Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris acuminata
                            
                            Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris himantopus
                            
                            Stilt Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris ferruginea
                            
                            Curlew Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris temminckii
                            
                            Temminck's Stint.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris subminuta
                            
                            Long-toed Stint.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris pygmea
                            
                            Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris ruficollis
                            
                            Red-necked Stint.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris alba
                            
                            Sanderling.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris alpina
                            
                            Dunlin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris ptilocnemis
                            
                            Rock Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris maritima
                            
                            Purple Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris bairdii
                            
                            Baird's Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris minuta
                            
                            Little Stint.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris minutilla
                            
                            Least Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris fuscicollis
                            
                            White-rumped Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris subruficollis
                            
                            Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris melanotos
                            
                            Pectoral Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris pusilla
                            
                            Semipalmated Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calidris mauri
                            
                            Western Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                (4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Limnodromus griseus
                            
                            Short-billed Dowitcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Limnodromus scolopaceus
                            
                            Long-billed Dowitcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lymnocryptes minimus
                            
                            Jack Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Scolopax rusticola
                            
                            Eurasian Woodcock.
                        
                        
                            
                                Scolopax minor
                            
                            American Woodcock.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinago solitaria
                            
                            Solitary Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinago stenura
                            
                            Pin-tailed Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinago megala
                            
                            Swinhoe's Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinago gallinago
                            
                            Common Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gallinago delicata
                            
                            Wilson's Snipe.
                        
                        
                            
                                (5) Subfamily Tringinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Xenus cinereus
                            
                            Terek Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Actitis hypoleucos
                            
                            Common Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Actitis macularius
                            
                            Spotted Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa ochropus
                            
                            Green Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Tringa solitaria
                            
                            Solitary Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa brevipes
                            
                            Gray-tailed Tattler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa incana
                            
                            Wandering Tattler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa flavipes
                            
                            Lesser Yellowlegs.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa semipalmata
                            
                            Willet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa erythropus
                            
                            Spotted Redshank.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa nebularia
                            
                            Common Greenshank.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa guttifer
                            
                            Nordmann's Greenshank.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa melanoleuca
                            
                            Greater Yellowlegs.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa totanus
                            
                            Common Redshank.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa glareola
                            
                            Wood Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tringa stagnatilis
                            
                            Marsh Sandpiper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phalaropus tricolor
                            
                            Wilson's Phalarope.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phalaropus lobatus
                            
                            Red-necked Phalarope.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phalaropus fulicarius
                            
                            Red Phalarope.
                        
                        
                            
                                (F) Family Stercorariidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Stercorarius skua
                            
                            Great Skua.
                        
                        
                            
                                Stercorarius maccormicki
                            
                            South Polar Skua.
                        
                        
                            
                                Stercorarius pomarinus
                            
                            Pomarine Jaeger.
                        
                        
                            
                                Stercorarius parasiticus
                            
                            Parasitic Jaeger.
                        
                        
                            
                                Stercorarius longicaudus
                            
                            Long-tailed Jaeger.
                        
                        
                            
                                (G) Family Alcidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Alle alle
                            
                            Dovekie.
                        
                        
                            
                                Uria aalge
                            
                            Common Murre.
                        
                        
                            
                                Uria lomvia
                            
                            Thick-billed Murre.
                        
                        
                            
                                Alca torda
                            
                            Razorbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cepphus grylle
                            
                            Black Guillemot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cepphus columba
                            
                            Pigeon Guillemot.
                        
                        
                            
                                Brachyramphus perdix
                            
                            Long-billed Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Brachyramphus marmoratus
                            
                            Marbled Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Brachyramphus brevirostris
                            
                            Kittlitz's Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Synthliboramphus scrippsi
                            
                            Scripps's Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
                            
                            Guadalupe Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Synthliboramphus craveri
                            
                            Craveri's Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Synthliboramphus antiquus
                            
                            Ancient Murrelet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ptychoramphus aleuticus
                            
                            Cassin's Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aethia psittacula
                            
                            Parakeet Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aethia pusilla
                            
                            Least Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aethia pygmaea
                            
                            Whiskered Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aethia cristatella
                            
                            Crested Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cerorhinca monocerata
                            
                            Rhinoceros Auklet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fratercula arctica
                            
                            Atlantic Puffin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fratercula corniculata
                            
                            Horned Puffin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fratercula cirrhata
                            
                            Tufted Puffin.
                        
                        
                            
                                (H) Family Laridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Larinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Creagrus furcatus
                            
                            Swallow-tailed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rissa tridactyla
                            
                            Black-legged Kittiwake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rissa brevirostris
                            
                            Red-legged Kittiwake.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pagophila eburnea
                            
                            Ivory Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Xema sabini
                            
                            Sabine's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chroicocephalus philadelphia
                            
                            Bonaparte's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
                            
                            Gray-hooded Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chroicocephalus ridibundus
                            
                            Black-headed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrocoloeus minutus
                            
                            Little Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rhodostethia rosea
                            
                            Ross's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucophaeus atricilla
                            
                            Laughing Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucophaeus pipixcan
                            
                            Franklin's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
                            
                            Pallas's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus belcheri
                            
                            Belcher's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus crassirostris
                            
                            Black-tailed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus heermanni
                            
                            Heermann's Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus canus
                            
                            Common Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus brachyrhynchus
                            
                            Short-billed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Larus delawarensis
                            
                            Ring-billed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus occidentalis
                            
                            Western Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus livens
                            
                            Yellow-footed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus californicus
                            
                            California Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus argentatus
                            
                            Herring Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus michahellis
                            
                            Yellow-legged Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus glaucoides
                            
                            Iceland Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus fuscus
                            
                            Lesser Black-backed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus schistisagus
                            
                            Slaty-backed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus glaucescens
                            
                            Glaucous-winged Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus hyperboreus
                            
                            Glaucous Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus marinus
                            
                            Great Black-backed Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larus dominicanus
                            
                            Kelp Gull.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Sterninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Anous stolidus
                            
                            Brown Noddy.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anous minutus
                            
                            Black Noddy.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anous ceruleus
                            
                            Blue-gray Noddy.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gygis alba
                            
                            White Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Onychoprion fuscatus
                            
                            Sooty Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Onychoprion lunatus
                            
                            Gray-backed Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Onychoprion anaethetus
                            
                            Bridled Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Onychoprion aleuticus
                            
                            Aleutian Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sternula albifrons
                            
                            Little Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sternula antillarum
                            
                            Least Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phaetusa simplex
                            
                            Large-billed Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gelochelidon nilotica
                            
                            Gull-billed Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydroprogne caspia
                            
                            Caspian Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larosterna inca
                            
                            Inca Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlidonias niger
                            
                            Black Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlidonias leucopterus
                            
                            White-winged Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlidonias hybrida
                            
                            Whiskered Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sterna dougallii
                            
                            Roseate Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sterna sumatrana
                            
                            Black-naped Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sterna hirundo
                            
                            Common Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sterna paradisaea
                            
                            Arctic Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sterna forsteri
                            
                            Forster's Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalasseus maximus
                            
                            Royal Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalasseus bergii
                            
                            Great Crested Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalasseus sandvicensis
                            
                            Sandwich Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalasseus elegans
                            
                            Elegant Tern.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Rynchops niger
                            
                            Black Skimmer.
                        
                        
                            
                                (x) Order Phaethontiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Phaethontidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Phaethon lepturus
                            
                            White-tailed Tropicbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phaethon aethereus
                            
                            Red-billed Tropicbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phaethon rubricauda
                            
                            Red-tailed Tropicbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xi) Order Gaviiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Gaviidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Gavia stellata
                            
                            Red-throated Loon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gavia arctica
                            
                            Arctic Loon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gavia pacifica
                            
                            Pacific Loon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gavia immer
                            
                            Common Loon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gavia adamsii
                            
                            Yellow-billed Loon.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xii) Order Procellariiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Diomedeidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalassarche chlororhynchos
                            
                            Yellow-nosed Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalassarche cauta
                            
                            White-capped Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalassarche eremita
                            
                            Chatham Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Thalassarche salvini
                            
                            Salvin's Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thalassarche melanophris
                            
                            Black-browed Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoebetria palpebrata
                            
                            Light-mantled Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Diomedea exulans
                            
                            Wandering Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoebastria immutabilis
                            
                            Laysan Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoebastria nigripes
                            
                            Black-footed Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoebastria albatrus
                            
                            Short-tailed Albatross.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Oceanitidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Oceanites oceanicus
                            
                            Wilson's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pelagodroma marina
                            
                            White-faced Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fregetta grallaria
                            
                            White-bellied Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fregetta tropica
                            
                            Black-bellied Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nesofregetta fuliginosa
                            
                            Polynesian Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Hydrobatidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates pelagicus
                            
                            European Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates furcatus
                            
                            Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates hornbyi
                            
                            Ringed Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates monorhis
                            
                            Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates leucorhous
                            
                            Leach's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates socorroensis
                            
                            Townsend's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates homochroa
                            
                            Ashy Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates castro
                            
                            Band-rumped Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates tethys
                            
                            Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates melania
                            
                            Black Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates matsudairae
                            
                            Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates tristrami
                            
                            Tristram's Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hydrobates microsoma
                            
                            Least Storm-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                (D) Family Procellariidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Macronectes halli
                            
                            Northern Giant-Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fulmarus glacialis
                            
                            Northern Fulmar.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma gouldi
                            
                            Gray-faced Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma solandri
                            
                            Providence Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma neglecta
                            
                            Kermadec Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma arminjoniana
                            
                            Trindade Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma heraldica
                            
                            Herald Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma ultima
                            
                            Murphy's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma inexpectata
                            
                            Mottled Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma cahow
                            
                            Bermuda Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma hasitata
                            
                            Black-capped Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma externa
                            
                            Juan Fernandez Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma sandwichensis
                            
                            Hawaiian Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma cervicalis
                            
                            White-necked Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma hypoleuca
                            
                            Bonin Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma nigripennis
                            
                            Black-winged Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma feae
                            
                            Fea's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma madeira
                            
                            Zino's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma cookii
                            
                            Cook's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma leucoptera
                            
                            Gould's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma longirostris
                            
                            Stejneger's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pterodroma alba
                            
                            Phoenix Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pseudobulweria rostrata
                            
                            Tahiti Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bulweria bulwerii
                            
                            Bulwer's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bulweria fallax
                            
                            Jouanin's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Procellaria aequinoctialis
                            
                            White-chinned Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Procellaria parkinsoni
                            
                            Parkinson's Petrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calonectris leucomelas
                            
                            Streaked Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calonectris diomedea
                            
                            Cory's Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calonectris edwardsii
                            
                            Cape Verde Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna pacifica
                            
                            Wedge-tailed Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna bulleri
                            
                            Buller's Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna tenuirostris
                            
                            Short-tailed Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna grisea
                            
                            Sooty Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna gravis
                            
                            Great Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna creatopus
                            
                            Pink-footed Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardenna carneipes
                            
                            Flesh-footed Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Puffinus nativitatis
                            
                            Christmas Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus puffinus
                            
                            Manx Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus newelli
                            
                            Newell's Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus bryani
                            
                            Bryan's Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus opisthomelas
                            
                            Black-vented Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus lherminieri
                            
                            Audubon's Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                Puffinus baroli
                            
                            Barolo Shearwater.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Ciconiidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Jabiru mycteria
                            
                            Jabiru.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mycteria americana
                            
                            Wood Stork.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xiv) Order Suliformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Fregatidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Fregata ariel
                            
                            Lesser Frigatebird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fregata magnificens
                            
                            Magnificent Frigatebird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fregata minor
                            
                            Great Frigatebird.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Sulidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Sula dactylatra
                            
                            Masked Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sula granti
                            
                            Nazca Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sula nebouxii
                            
                            Blue-footed Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sula leucogaster
                            
                            Brown Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sula sula
                            
                            Red-footed Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Papasula abbotti
                            
                            Abbott's Booby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Morus bassanus
                            
                            Northern Gannet.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Anhingidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Anhinga anhinga
                            
                            Anhinga.
                        
                        
                            
                                (D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Microcarbo melanoleucos
                            
                            Little Pied Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Urile penicillatus
                            
                            Brandt's Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Urile urile
                            
                            Red-faced Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Urile pelagicus
                            
                            Pelagic Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phalacrocorax carbo
                            
                            Great Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nannopterum auritum
                            
                            Double-crested Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nannopterum brasilianum
                            
                            Neotropic Cormorant.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xv) Order Pelecaniformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Pelecanidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
                            
                            American White Pelican.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pelecanus occidentalis
                            
                            Brown Pelican.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Ardeidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Botaurus lentiginosus
                            
                            American Bittern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ixobrychus sinensis
                            
                            Yellow Bittern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ixobrychus exilis
                            
                            Least Bittern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ixobrychus eurhythmus
                            
                            Schrenck's Bittern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ixobrychus flavicollis
                            
                            Black Bittern.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tigrisoma mexicanum
                            
                            Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardea herodias
                            
                            Great Blue Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardea cinerea
                            
                            Gray Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardea alba
                            
                            Great Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardea intermedia
                            
                            Intermediate Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta eulophotes
                            
                            Chinese Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta garzetta
                            
                            Little Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta sacra
                            
                            Pacific Reef-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta gularis
                            
                            Western Reef-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta thula
                            
                            Snowy Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta caerulea
                            
                            Little Blue Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Egretta tricolor
                            
                            Tricolored Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Egretta rufescens
                            
                            Reddish Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bubulcus ibis
                            
                            Cattle Egret.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ardeola bacchus
                            
                            Chinese Pond-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Butorides virescens
                            
                            Green Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nycticorax nycticorax
                            
                            Black-crowned Night-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nycticorax caledonicus
                            
                            Nankeen Night-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nyctanassa violacea
                            
                            Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gorsachius goisagi
                            
                            Japanese Night-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gorsachius melanolophus
                            
                            Malayan Night-Heron.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Threskiornithidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Eudocimus albus
                            
                            White Ibis.
                        
                        
                            
                                Eudocimus ruber
                            
                            Scarlet Ibis.
                        
                        
                            
                                Plegadis falcinellus
                            
                            Glossy Ibis.
                        
                        
                            
                                Plegadis chihi
                            
                            White-faced Ibis.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Plataleinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Platalea ajaja
                            
                            Roseate Spoonbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xvi) Order Carthartiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Cathartidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Gymnogyps californianus
                            
                            California Condor.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coragyps atratus
                            
                            Black Vulture.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cathartes aura
                            
                            Turkey Vulture.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xvii) Order Accipitriformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Pandionidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Pandion haliaetus
                            
                            Osprey.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Accipitridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Elaninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Elanus leucurus
                            
                            White-tailed Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Chondrohierax uncinatus
                            
                            Hook-billed Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                Elanoides forficatus
                            
                            Swallow-tailed Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Aquila chrysaetos
                            
                            Golden Eagle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Harpagus bidentatus
                            
                            Double-toothed Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                Circus hudsonius
                            
                            Northern Harrier.
                        
                        
                            
                                Circus spilonotus
                            
                            Eastern Marsh-Harrier.
                        
                        
                            
                                Accipiter soloensis
                            
                            Chinese Sparrowhawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Accipiter gularis
                            
                            Japanese Sparrowhawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Accipiter striatus
                            
                            Sharp-shinned Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Accipiter cooperii
                            
                            Cooper's Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Accipiter gentilis
                            
                            Northern Goshawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Milvus migrans
                            
                            Black Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haliaeetus leucocephalus
                            
                            Bald Eagle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haliaeetus albicilla
                            
                            White-tailed Eagle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haliaeetus pelagicus
                            
                            Steller's Sea-Eagle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ictinia mississippiensis
                            
                            Mississippi Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                Butastur indicus
                            
                            Gray-faced Buzzard.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geranospiza caerulescens
                            
                            Crane Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rostrhamus sociabilis
                            
                            Snail Kite.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteogallus anthracinus
                            
                            Common Black Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteogallus urubitinga
                            
                            Great Black Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rupornis magnirostris
                            
                            Roadside Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Parabuteo unicinctus
                            
                            Harris's Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Geranoaetus albicaudatus
                            
                            White-tailed Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo plagiatus
                            
                            Gray Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo lineatus
                            
                            Red-shouldered Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo platypterus
                            
                            Broad-winged Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo solitarius
                            
                            Hawaiian Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo brachyurus
                            
                            Short-tailed Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo swainsoni
                            
                            Swainson's Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo albonotatus
                            
                            Zone-tailed Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo jamaicensis
                            
                            Red-tailed Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo lagopus
                            
                            Rough-legged Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo regalis
                            
                            Ferruginous Hawk.
                        
                        
                            
                                Buteo rufinus
                            
                            Long-legged Buzzard.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xviii) Order Strigiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Tytonidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyto alba
                            
                            Barn Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Strigidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Otus sunia
                            
                            Oriental Scops-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Psiloscops flammeolus
                            
                            Flammulated Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gymnasio nudipes
                            
                            Puerto Rican Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Megascops trichopsis
                            
                            Whiskered Screech-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Megascops kennicottii
                            
                            Western Screech-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Megascops asio
                            
                            Eastern Screech-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bubo virginianus
                            
                            Great Horned Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bubo scandiacus
                            
                            Snowy Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Surnia ulula
                            
                            Northern Hawk Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Glaucidium gnoma
                            
                            Northern Pygmy-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Glaucidium brasilianum
                            
                            Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Micrathene whitneyi
                            
                            Elf Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Athene cunicularia
                            
                            Burrowing Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Strix occidentalis
                            
                            Spotted Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Strix varia
                            
                            Barred Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Strix virgata
                            
                            Mottled Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Strix nebulosa
                            
                            Great Gray Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Asio otus
                            
                            Long-eared Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Asio stygius
                            
                            Stygian Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Asio flammeus
                            
                            Short-eared Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aegolius funereus
                            
                            Boreal Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aegolius acadicus
                            
                            Northern Saw-whet Owl.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ninox japonica
                            
                            Northern Boobook.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xix) Order Trogoniformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Trogonidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Trogoninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Trogon elegans
                            
                            Elegant Trogon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Euptilotis neoxenus
                            
                            Eared Quetzal.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xx) Order Upupiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Upupidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Upupa epops
                            
                            Eurasian Hoopoe.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xxi) Order Coraciiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Alcedinidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Alcedininae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Alcedo atthis
                            
                            Common Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Todiramphus sacer
                            
                            Pacific Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Todiramphus cinnamominus
                            
                            Guam Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Todiramphus albicilla
                            
                            Mariana Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Cerylinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Megaceryle torquata
                            
                            Ringed Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Megaceryle alcyon
                            
                            Belted Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chloroceryle amazona
                            
                            Amazon Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chloroceryle americana
                            
                            Green Kingfisher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xxii) Order Piciformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Picidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Jynginae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Jynx torquilla
                            
                            Eurasian Wryneck.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Picinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes lewis
                            
                            Lewis's Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes portoricensis
                            
                            Puerto Rican Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes erythrocephalus
                            
                            Red-headed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes formicivorus
                            
                            Acorn Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes uropygialis
                            
                            Gila Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes aurifrons
                            
                            Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanerpes carolinus
                            
                            Red-bellied Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sphyrapicus thyroideus
                            
                            Williamson's Sapsucker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sphyrapicus varius
                            
                            Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sphyrapicus nuchalis
                            
                            Red-naped Sapsucker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sphyrapicus ruber
                            
                            Red-breasted Sapsucker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Picoides dorsalis
                            
                            American Three-toed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Picoides arcticus
                            
                            Black-backed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dendrocopos major
                            
                            Great Spotted Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates pubescens
                            
                            Downy Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates nuttallii
                            
                            Nuttall's Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates scalaris
                            
                            Ladder-backed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates borealis
                            
                            Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates villosus
                            
                            Hairy Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates albolarvatus
                            
                            White-headed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryobates arizonae
                            
                            Arizona Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Colaptes auratus
                            
                            Northern Flicker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Colaptes chrysoides
                            
                            Gilded Flicker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dryocopus pileatus
                            
                            Pileated Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Campephilus principalis
                            
                            Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xxiii) Order Falconiformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Family Falconidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Micrastur semitorquatus
                            
                            Collared Forest-Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Falconinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Caracara plancus
                            
                            Crested Caracara.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco tinnunculus
                            
                            Eurasian Kestrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco sparverius
                            
                            American Kestrel.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco vespertinus
                            
                            Red-footed Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco amurensis
                            
                            Amur Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco columbarius
                            
                            Merlin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco subbuteo
                            
                            Eurasian Hobby.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco femoralis
                            
                            Aplomado Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco rusticolus
                            
                            Gyrfalcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco peregrinus
                            
                            Peregrine Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                Falco mexicanus
                            
                            Prairie Falcon.
                        
                        
                            
                                (xxiv) Order Passeriformes
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (A) Family Tityridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Tityra semifasciata
                            
                            Masked Tityra.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Pachyramphus major
                            
                            Gray-collared Becard.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pachyramphus aglaiae
                            
                            Rose-throated Becard.
                        
                        
                            
                                (B) Family Tyrannidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Camptostoma imberbe
                            
                            Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiopagis viridicata
                            
                            Greenish Elaenia.
                        
                        
                            
                                Elaenia martinica
                            
                            Caribbean Elaenia.
                        
                        
                            
                                Elaenia albiceps
                            
                            White-crested Elaenia.
                        
                        
                            
                                Elaenia parvirostris
                            
                            Small-billed Elaenia.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Tyranninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus tuberculifer
                            
                            Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus cinerascens
                            
                            Ash-throated Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus nuttingi
                            
                            Nutting's Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus crinitus
                            
                            Great Crested Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus tyrannulus
                            
                            Brown-crested Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus sagrae
                            
                            La Sagra's Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiarchus antillarum
                            
                            Puerto Rican Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pitangus sulphuratus
                            
                            Great Kiskadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiozetetes similis
                            
                            Social Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myiodynastes luteiventris
                            
                            Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Legatus leucophaius
                            
                            Piratic Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonomus varius
                            
                            Variegated Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus
                            
                            Crowned Slaty Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus melancholicus
                            
                            Tropical Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus couchii
                            
                            Couch's Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus vociferans
                            
                            Cassin's Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus crassirostris
                            
                            Thick-billed Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus verticalis
                            
                            Western Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus tyrannus
                            
                            Eastern Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus dominicensis
                            
                            Gray Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus caudifasciatus
                            
                            Loggerhead Kingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus forficatus
                            
                            Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tyrannus savana
                            
                            Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Mitrephanes phaeocercus
                            
                            Tufted Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus cooperi
                            
                            Olive-sided Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus pertinax
                            
                            Greater Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus sordidulus
                            
                            Western Wood-Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus virens
                            
                            Eastern Wood-Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus caribaeus
                            
                            Cuban Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus hispaniolensis
                            
                            Hispaniolan Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Contopus latirostris
                            
                            Lesser Antillean Pewee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax flaviventris
                            
                            Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax virescens
                            
                            Acadian Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax alnorum
                            
                            Alder Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax traillii
                            
                            Willow Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax minimus
                            
                            Least Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax hammondii
                            
                            Hammond's Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax wrightii
                            
                            Gray Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax oberholseri
                            
                            Dusky Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax affinis
                            
                            Pine Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax difficilis
                            
                            Pacific-slope Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax occidentalis
                            
                            Cordilleran Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Empidonax fulvifrons
                            
                            Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sayornis nigricans
                            
                            Black Phoebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sayornis phoebe
                            
                            Eastern Phoebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sayornis saya
                            
                            Say's Phoebe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pyrocephalus rubinus
                            
                            Vermilion Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (C) Family Vireonidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo atricapilla
                            
                            Black-capped Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo griseus
                            
                            White-eyed Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo crassirostris
                            
                            Thick-billed Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Vireo gundlachii
                            
                            Cuban Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo latimeri
                            
                            Puerto Rican Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo bellii
                            
                            Bell's Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo vicinior
                            
                            Gray Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo huttoni
                            
                            Hutton's Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo flavifrons
                            
                            Yellow-throated Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo cassinii
                            
                            Cassin's Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo solitarius
                            
                            Blue-headed Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo plumbeus
                            
                            Plumbeous Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo philadelphicus
                            
                            Philadelphia Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo gilvus
                            
                            Warbling Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo olivaceus
                            
                            Red-eyed Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo flavoviridis
                            
                            Yellow-green Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo altiloquus
                            
                            Black-whiskered Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vireo magister
                            
                            Yucatan Vireo.
                        
                        
                            
                                (D) Family Laniidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Lanius cristatus
                            
                            Brown Shrike.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lanius ludovicianus
                            
                            Loggerhead Shrike.
                        
                        
                            
                                Lanius borealis
                            
                            Northern Shrike.
                        
                        
                            
                                (E) Family Corvidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Perisoreus canadensis
                            
                            Canada Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Psilorhinus morio
                            
                            Brown Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanocorax yncas
                            
                            Green Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
                            
                            Pinyon Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanocitta stelleri
                            
                            Steller's Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanocitta cristata
                            
                            Blue Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aphelocoma coerulescens
                            
                            Florida Scrub-Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aphelocoma insularis
                            
                            Island Scrub-Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aphelocoma californica
                            
                            California Scrub-Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aphelocoma woodhouseii
                            
                            Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aphelocoma wollweberi
                            
                            Mexican Jay.
                        
                        
                            
                                Nucifraga columbiana
                            
                            Clark's Nutcracker.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pica hudsonia
                            
                            Black-billed Magpie.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pica nuttalli
                            
                            Yellow-billed Magpie.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus monedula
                            
                            Eurasian Jackdaw.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus kubaryi
                            
                            Mariana Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus brachyrhynchos
                            
                            American Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus leucognaphalus
                            
                            White-necked Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus imparatus
                            
                            Tamaulipas Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus ossifragus
                            
                            Fish Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus hawaiiensis
                            
                            Hawaiian Crow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus cryptoleucus
                            
                            Chihuahuan Raven.
                        
                        
                            
                                Corvus corax
                            
                            Common Raven.
                        
                        
                            
                                (F) Family Remizidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Auriparus flaviceps
                            
                            Verdin.
                        
                        
                            
                                (G) Family Paridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile carolinensis
                            
                            Carolina Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile atricapillus
                            
                            Black-capped Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile gambeli
                            
                            Mountain Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile sclateri
                            
                            Mexican Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile rufescens
                            
                            Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile hudsonicus
                            
                            Boreal Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Poecile cinctus
                            
                            Gray-headed Chickadee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Baeolophus wollweberi
                            
                            Bridled Titmouse.
                        
                        
                            
                                Baeolophus inornatus
                            
                            Oak Titmouse.
                        
                        
                            
                                Baeolophus ridgwayi
                            
                            Juniper Titmouse.
                        
                        
                            
                                Baeolophus bicolor
                            
                            Tufted Titmouse.
                        
                        
                            
                                Baeolophus atricristatus
                            
                            Black-crested Titmouse.
                        
                        
                            
                                (H) Family Alaudidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Alauda arvensis
                            
                            Eurasian Skylark.
                        
                        
                            
                                Eremophila alpestris
                            
                            Horned Lark.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (I) Family Acrocephalidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Arundinax aedon
                            
                            Thick-billed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus luscinius
                            
                            Nightingale Reed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus hiwae
                            
                            Saipan Reed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus nijoi
                            
                            Aguiguan Reed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus yamashinae
                            
                            Pagan Reed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus familiaris
                            
                            Millerbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
                            
                            Sedge Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acrocephalus dumetorum
                            
                            Blyth's Reed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                (J) Family Locustellidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Helopsaltes certhiola
                            
                            Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Helopsaltes ochotensis
                            
                            Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Locustella lanceolata
                            
                            Lanceolated Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Locustella fluviatilis
                            
                            River Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                (K) Family Hirundinidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Hirundininae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Riparia riparia
                            
                            Bank Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachycineta bicolor
                            
                            Tree Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
                            
                            Bahama Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachycineta thalassina
                            
                            Violet-green Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tachycineta albilinea
                            
                            Mangrove Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
                            
                            Blue-and-white Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Stelgidopteryx serripennis
                            
                            Northern Rough-winged Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne tapera
                            
                            Brown-chested Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne subis
                            
                            Purple Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne elegans
                            
                            Southern Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne chalybea
                            
                            Gray-breasted Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne cryptoleuca
                            
                            Cuban Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Progne dominicensis
                            
                            Caribbean Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hirundo rustica
                            
                            Barn Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Delichon urbicum
                            
                            Common House-Martin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
                            
                            Cliff Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Petrochelidon fulva
                            
                            Cave Swallow.
                        
                        
                            
                                (L) Family Aegithalidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Psaltriparus minimus
                            
                            Bushtit.
                        
                        
                            
                                (M) Family Phylloscopidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus trochilus
                            
                            Willow Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus collybita
                            
                            Common Chiffchaff.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus sibilatrix
                            
                            Wood Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus fuscatus
                            
                            Dusky Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus proregulus
                            
                            Pallas's Leaf Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus inornatus
                            
                            Yellow-browed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus borealis
                            
                            Arctic Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phylloscopus examinandus
                            
                            Kamchatka Leaf Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                (N) Family Sylviidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Sylvia curruca
                            
                            Lesser Whitethroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chamaea fasciata
                            
                            Wrentit.
                        
                        
                            
                                (O) Family Regulidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Corthylio calendula
                            
                            Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
                        
                        
                            
                                Regulus satrapa
                            
                            Golden-crowned Kinglet.
                        
                        
                            
                                (P) Family Bombycillidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Bombycilla garrulus
                            
                            Bohemian Waxwing.
                        
                        
                            
                                Bombycilla cedrorum
                            
                            Cedar Waxwing.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Ptiliogonys cinereus
                            
                            Gray Silky-flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phainopepla nitens
                            
                            Phainopepla.
                        
                        
                            
                                (R) Family Sittidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Sittinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Sitta canadensis
                            
                            Red-breasted Nuthatch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sitta carolinensis
                            
                            White-breasted Nuthatch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sitta pygmaea
                            
                            Pygmy Nuthatch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sitta pusilla
                            
                            Brown-headed Nuthatch.
                        
                        
                            
                                (S) Family Certhiidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Subfamily Certhiinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Certhia americana
                            
                            Brown Creeper.
                        
                        
                            
                                (T) Family Polioptilidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Polioptila caerulea
                            
                            Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Polioptila melanura
                            
                            Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Polioptila californica
                            
                            California Gnatcatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Polioptila nigriceps
                            
                            Black-capped Gnatcatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                (U) Family Troglodytidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Salpinctes obsoletus
                            
                            Rock Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catherpes mexicanus
                            
                            Canyon Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thryophilus sinaloa
                            
                            Sinaloa Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
                            
                            Cactus Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thryomanes bewickii
                            
                            Bewick's Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Thryothorus ludovicianus
                            
                            Carolina Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Troglodytes aedon
                            
                            House Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Troglodytes pacificus
                            
                            Pacific Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Troglodytes hiemalis
                            
                            Winter Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cistothorus stellaris
                            
                            Sedge Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cistothorus palustris
                            
                            Marsh Wren.
                        
                        
                            
                                (V) Family Mimidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanotis caerulescens
                            
                            Blue Mockingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanoptila glabrirostris
                            
                            Black Catbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Dumetella carolinensis
                            
                            Gray Catbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Margarops fuscatus
                            
                            Pearly-eyed Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma curvirostre
                            
                            Curve-billed Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma rufum
                            
                            Brown Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma longirostre
                            
                            Long-billed Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma bendirei
                            
                            Bendire's Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma redivivum
                            
                            California Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma lecontei
                            
                            LeConte's Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Toxostoma crissale
                            
                            Crissal Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oreoscoptes montanus
                            
                            Sage Thrasher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mimus gundlachii
                            
                            Bahama Mockingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mimus polyglottos
                            
                            Northern Mockingbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                (W) Family Sturnidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Agropsar philippensis
                            
                            Chestnut-cheeked Starling.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spodiopsar cineraceus
                            
                            White-cheeked Starling.
                        
                        
                            
                                (X) Family Cinclidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Cinclus mexicanus
                            
                            American Dipper.
                        
                        
                            
                                (Y) Family Turdidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Sialia sialis
                            
                            Eastern Bluebird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sialia mexicana
                            
                            Western Bluebird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sialia currucoides
                            
                            Mountain Bluebird.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Myadestes townsendi
                            
                            Townsend's Solitaire.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myadestes occidentalis
                            
                            Brown-backed Solitaire.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myadestes myadestinus
                            
                            Kamao.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myadestes lanaiensis
                            
                            `Oloma`o.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myadestes obscurus
                            
                            `Oma`o.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myadestes palmeri
                            
                            Puaiohi.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus aurantiirostris
                            
                            Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus mexicanus
                            
                            Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus fuscescens
                            
                            Veery.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus minimus
                            
                            Gray-cheeked Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus bicknelli
                            
                            Bicknell's Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus ustulatus
                            
                            Swainson's Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Catharus guttatus
                            
                            Hermit Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hylocichla mustelina
                            
                            Wood Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus obscurus
                            
                            Eyebrowed Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus eunomus
                            
                            Dusky Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus naumanni
                            
                            Naumann's Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus pilaris
                            
                            Fieldfare.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus iliacus
                            
                            Redwing.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus grayi
                            
                            Clay-colored Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus assimilis
                            
                            White-throated Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus rufopalliatus
                            
                            Rufous-backed Robin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus migratorius
                            
                            American Robin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Turdus plumbeus
                            
                            Red-legged Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ixoreus naevius
                            
                            Varied Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ridgwayia pinicola
                            
                            Aztec Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                (Z) Family Muscicapidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Muscicapa griseisticta
                            
                            Gray-streaked Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Muscicapa dauurica
                            
                            Asian Brown Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Muscicapa striata
                            
                            Spotted Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Muscicapa sibirica
                            
                            Dark-sided Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Erithacus rubecula
                            
                            European Robin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larvivora cyane
                            
                            Siberian Blue Robin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Larvivora sibilans
                            
                            Rufous-tailed Robin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanecula svecica
                            
                            Bluethroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calliope calliope
                            
                            Siberian Rubythroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tarsiger cyanurus
                            
                            Red-flanked Bluetail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ficedula narcissina
                            
                            Narcissus Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ficedula mugimaki
                            
                            Mugimaki Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ficedula albicilla
                            
                            Taiga Flycatcher.
                        
                        
                            
                                Phoenicurus phoenicurus
                            
                            Common Redstart.
                        
                        
                            
                                Saxicola maurus
                            
                            Asian Stonechat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oenanthe oenanthe
                            
                            Northern Wheatear.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oenanthe pleschanka
                            
                            Pied Wheatear.
                        
                        
                            
                                Monticola solitarius
                            
                            Blue Rock-Thrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                (AA) Family Peucedramidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Peucedramus taeniatus
                            
                            Olive Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                (BB) Family Prunellidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Prunella montanella
                            
                            Siberian Accentor.
                        
                        
                            
                                (CC) Family Motacillidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Motacilla tschutschensis
                            
                            Eastern Yellow Wagtail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Motacilla citreola
                            
                            Citrine Wagtail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Motacilla cinerea
                            
                            Gray Wagtail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Motacilla alba
                            
                            White Wagtail.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus trivialis
                            
                            Tree Pipit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus hodgsoni
                            
                            Olive-backed Pipit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus gustavi
                            
                            Pechora Pipit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus cervinus
                            
                            Red-throated Pipit
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus rubescens
                            
                            American Pipit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Anthus spragueii
                            
                            Sprague's Pipit.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (DD) Family Fringillidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Fringillinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Fringilla coelebs
                            
                            Common Chaffinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Fringilla montifringilla
                            
                            Brambling.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlorophonia musica
                            
                            Antillean Euphonia.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Carduelinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccothraustes vespertinus
                            
                            Evening Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Coccothraustes coccothraustes
                            
                            Hawfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Carpodacus erythrinus
                            
                            Common Rosefinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Carpodacus roseus
                            
                            Pallas's Rosefinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melamprosops phaeosoma
                            
                            Po`ouli.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oreomystis bairdi
                            
                            `Akikik`i.
                        
                        
                            
                                Paroreomyza maculata
                            
                            O`ahu `Alauahio.
                        
                        
                            
                                Paroreomyza flammea
                            
                            Kakawahie.
                        
                        
                            
                                Paroreomyza montana
                            
                            Maui Alauahio.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxioides bailleui
                            
                            Palila.
                        
                        
                            
                                Telespiza cantans
                            
                            Laysan Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Telespiza ultima
                            
                            Nihoa Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Palmeria dolei
                            
                            `Akohekohe.
                        
                        
                            
                                Himatione fraithii
                            
                            Laysan Honeycreeper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Himatione sanguinea
                            
                            `Apapane.
                        
                        
                            
                                Drepanis coccinea
                            
                            `Iiwi.
                        
                        
                            
                                Psittirostra psittacea
                            
                            `O`u.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pseudonestor xanthophrys
                            
                            Maui Parrotbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hemignathus hanapepe
                            
                            Kauai Nukupu`u.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hemignathus lucidus
                            
                            O`ahu Nukupu`u.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hemignathus affinis
                            
                            Maui Nukupu`u.
                        
                        
                            
                                Hemignathus wilsoni
                            
                            Akiapolaau.
                        
                        
                            
                                Akialoa stejnegeri
                            
                            Kauai `Akialoa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Akialoa ellisiana
                            
                            O`hu `Akialoa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Akialoa lanaiensis
                            
                            Maui Nui `Akialoa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Magumma parva
                            
                            `Anianiau
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis virens
                            
                            Hawaii `Amakihi.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis flava
                            
                            O`ahu `Amakihi.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri
                            
                            Kaua`i `Amakihi
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxops mana
                            
                            Hawaii Creeper.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxops caeruleirostris
                            
                            `Akeke`e.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxops wolstenholmei
                            
                            O`ahu `Akepa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxops ochraceus
                            
                            Maui `Akepa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxops coccineus
                            
                            Hawaii `Akepa.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pinicola enucleator
                            
                            Pine Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pyrrhula pyrrhula
                            
                            Eurasian Bullfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucosticte arctoa
                            
                            Asian Rosy-Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucosticte tephrocotis
                            
                            Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucosticte atrata
                            
                            Black Rosy-Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leucosticte australis
                            
                            Brown-capped Rosy-Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haemorhous mexicanus
                            
                            House Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Haemorhous purpureus
                            
                            Purple Finch
                        
                        
                            
                                Haemorhous cassinii
                            
                            Cassin's Finch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chloris sinica
                            
                            Oriental Greenfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acanthis flammea
                            
                            Common Redpoll.
                        
                        
                            
                                Acanthis hornemanni
                            
                            Hoary Redpoll.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxia curvirostra
                            
                            Red Crossbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxia sinesciuris
                            
                            Cassia Crossbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Loxia leucoptera
                            
                            White-winged Crossbill.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spinus spinus
                            
                            Eurasian Siskin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spinus pinus
                            
                            Pine Siskin.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spinus psaltria
                            
                            Lesser Goldfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spinus lawrencei
                            
                            Lawrence's Goldfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spinus tristis
                            
                            American Goldfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                (EE) Family Calcariidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Calcarius lapponicus
                            
                            Lapland Longspur.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calcarius ornatus
                            
                            Chestnut-collared Longspur.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Calcarius pictus
                            
                            Smith's Longspur.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rhynchophanes mccownii
                            
                            Thick-billed Longspur.
                        
                        
                            
                                Plectrophenax nivalis
                            
                            Snow Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Plectrophenax hyperboreus
                            
                            McKay's Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                (FF) Family Emberizidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza leucocephalos
                            
                            Pine Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza chrysophrys
                            
                            Yellow-browed Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza pusilla
                            
                            Little Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza rustica
                            
                            Rustic Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza elegans
                            
                            Yellow-throated Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza aureola
                            
                            Yellow-breasted Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza variabilis
                            
                            Gray Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza pallasi
                            
                            Pallas's Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Emberiza schoeniclus
                            
                            Reed Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                (GG) Family Passerellidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Peucaea carpalis
                            
                            Rufous-winged Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Peucaea botterii
                            
                            Botteri's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Peucaea cassinii
                            
                            Cassin's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Peucaea aestivalis
                            
                            Bachman's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ammodramus savannarum
                            
                            Grasshopper Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Arremonops rufivirgatus
                            
                            Olive Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Amphispizopsis quinquestriata
                            
                            Five-striped Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Amphispiza bilineata
                            
                            Black-throated Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Chondestes grammacus
                            
                            Lark Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Calamospiza melanocorys
                            
                            Lark Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella passerina
                            
                            Chipping Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella pallida
                            
                            Clay-colored Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella atrogularis
                            
                            Black-chinned Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella pusilla
                            
                            Field Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella breweri
                            
                            Brewer's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizella wortheni
                            
                            Worthen's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerella iliaca
                            
                            Fox Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spizelloides arborea
                            
                            American Tree Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Junco hyemalis
                            
                            Dark-eyed Junco.
                        
                        
                            
                                Junco phaeonotus
                            
                            Yellow-eyed Junco.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zonotrichia leucophrys
                            
                            White-crowned Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zonotrichia atricapilla
                            
                            Golden-crowned Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Zonotrichia querula
                            
                            Harris's Sparrow
                        
                        
                            
                                Zonotrichia albicollis
                            
                            White-throated Sparrow
                        
                        
                            
                                Artemisiospiza nevadensis
                            
                            Sagebrush Sparrow
                        
                        
                            
                                Artemisiospiza belli
                            
                            Bell's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pooecetes gramineus
                            
                            Vesper Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ammospiza leconteii
                            
                            LeConte's Sparrow
                        
                        
                            
                                Ammospiza maritima
                            
                            Seaside Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ammospiza nelsoni
                            
                            Nelson's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Ammospiza caudacuta
                            
                            Saltmarsh Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Centronyx bairdii
                            
                            Baird's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Centronyx henslowii
                            
                            Henslow's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerculus sandwichensis
                            
                            Savannah Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melospiza melodia
                            
                            Song Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melospiza lincolnii
                            
                            Lincoln's Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melospiza georgiana
                            
                            Swamp Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melozone fusca
                            
                            Canyon Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melozone aberti
                            
                            Abert's Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melozone crissalis
                            
                            California Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Aimophila ruficeps
                            
                            Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pipilo chlorurus
                            
                            Green-tailed Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pipilo maculatus
                            
                            Spotted Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pipilo erythrophthalmus
                            
                            Eastern Towhee.
                        
                        
                            
                                (HH) Family Nesospingidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Nesospingus speculiferus
                            
                            Puerto Rican Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                (II) Family Spindalidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Spindalis zena
                            
                            Western Spindalis.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Spindalis portoricensis
                            
                            Puerto Rican Spindalis.
                        
                        
                            
                                (JJ) Family Icteridae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Icteria virens
                            
                            Yellow-breasted Chat.
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
                            
                            Yellow-headed Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Dolichonyx oryzivorus
                            
                            Bobolink.
                        
                        
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Sturnella lilianae
                            
                            Chihuahuan Meadowlark.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sturnella magna
                            
                            Eastern Meadowlark.
                        
                        
                            
                                Sturnella neglecta
                            
                            Western Meadowlark.
                        
                        
                            
                                (4) Subfamily Icterinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus portoricensis
                            
                            Puerto Rican Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus wagleri
                            
                            Black-vented Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus spurius
                            
                            Orchard Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus cucullatus
                            
                            Hooded Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus pustulatus
                            
                            Streak-backed Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus bullockii
                            
                            Bullock's Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus gularis
                            
                            Altamira Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus graduacauda
                            
                            Audubon's Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus galbula
                            
                            Baltimore Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus abeillei
                            
                            Black-backed Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                Icterus parisorum
                            
                            Scott's Oriole.
                        
                        
                            
                                (5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Agelaius phoeniceus
                            
                            Red-winged Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Agelaius tricolor
                            
                            Tricolored Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Agelaius humeralis
                            
                            Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Agelaius xanthomus
                            
                            Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Molothrus bonariensis
                            
                            Shiny Cowbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Molothrus aeneus
                            
                            Bronzed Cowbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Molothrus ater
                            
                            Brown-headed Cowbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Euphagus carolinus
                            
                            Rusty Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Euphagus cyanocephalus
                            
                            Brewer's Blackbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Quiscalus quiscula
                            
                            Common Grackle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Quiscalus major
                            
                            Boat-tailed Grackle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Quiscalus mexicanus
                            
                            Great-tailed Grackle.
                        
                        
                            
                                Quiscalus niger
                            
                            Greater Antillean Grackle.
                        
                        
                            
                                (KK) Family Parulidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Seiurus aurocapilla
                            
                            Ovenbird.
                        
                        
                            
                                Helmitheros vermivorum
                            
                            Worm-eating Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Parkesia motacilla
                            
                            Louisiana Waterthrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Parkesia noveboracensis
                            
                            Northern Waterthrush.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vermivora bachmanii
                            
                            Bachman's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vermivora chrysoptera
                            
                            Golden-winged Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Vermivora cyanoptera
                            
                            Blue-winged Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Mniotilta varia
                            
                            Black-and-white Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Protonotaria citrea
                            
                            Prothonotary Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Limnothlypis swainsonii
                            
                            Swainson's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oreothlypis superciliosa
                            
                            Crescent-chested Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis peregrina
                            
                            Tennessee Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis celata
                            
                            Orange-crowned Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis crissalis
                            
                            Colima Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis luciae
                            
                            Lucy's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis ruficapilla
                            
                            Nashville Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Leiothlypis virginiae
                            
                            Virginia's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Oporornis agilis
                            
                            Connecticut Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geothlypis poliocephala
                            
                            Gray-crowned Yellowthroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geothlypis tolmiei
                            
                            MacGillivray's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geothlypis philadelphia
                            
                            Mourning Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                Geothlypis formosa
                            
                            Kentucky Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Geothlypis trichas
                            
                            Common Yellowthroat.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga angelae
                            
                            Elfin-woods Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga citrina
                            
                            Hooded Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga ruticilla
                            
                            American Redstart.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga kirtlandii
                            
                            Kirtland's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga tigrina
                            
                            Cape May Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga cerulea
                            
                            Cerulean Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga americana
                            
                            Northern Parula.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga pitiayumi
                            
                            Tropical Parula.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga magnolia
                            
                            Magnolia Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga castanea
                            
                            Bay-breasted Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga fusca
                            
                            Blackburnian Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga petechia
                            
                            Yellow Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga pensylvanica
                            
                            Chestnut-sided Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga striata
                            
                            Blackpoll Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga caerulescens
                            
                            Black-throated Blue Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga palmarum
                            
                            Palm Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga pinus
                            
                            Pine Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga coronata
                            
                            Yellow-rumped Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga dominica
                            
                            Yellow-throated Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga discolor
                            
                            Prairie Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga adelaidae
                            
                            Adelaide's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga graciae
                            
                            Grace's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga nigrescens
                            
                            Black-throated Gray Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga townsendi
                            
                            Townsend's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga occidentalis
                            
                            Hermit Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga chrysoparia
                            
                            Golden-cheeked Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Setophaga virens
                            
                            Black-throated Green Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Basileuterus lachrymosus
                            
                            Fan-tailed Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Basileuterus rufifrons
                            
                            Rufous-capped Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Basileuterus culicivorus
                            
                            Golden-crowned Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cardellina canadensis
                            
                            Canada Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cardellina pusilla
                            
                            Wilson's Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cardellina rubrifrons
                            
                            Red-faced Warbler.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myioborus pictus
                            
                            Painted Redstart.
                        
                        
                            
                                Myioborus miniatus
                            
                            Slate-throated Redstart.
                        
                        
                            
                                (LL) Family Cardinalidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Piranga flava
                            
                            Hepatic Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                Piranga rubra
                            
                            Summer Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                Piranga olivacea
                            
                            Scarlet Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                Piranga ludoviciana
                            
                            Western Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                Piranga bidentata
                            
                            Flame-colored Tanager.
                        
                        
                            
                                Rhodothraupis celaeno
                            
                            Crimson-collared Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cardinalis cardinalis
                            
                            Northern Cardinal.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cardinalis sinuatus
                            
                            Pyrrhuloxia.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pheucticus chrysopeplus
                            
                            Yellow Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pheucticus ludovicianus
                            
                            Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Pheucticus melanocephalus
                            
                            Black-headed Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanocompsa parellina
                            
                            Blue Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerina caerulea
                            
                            Blue Grosbeak.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerina amoena
                            
                            Lazuli Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerina cyanea
                            
                            Indigo Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerina versicolor
                            
                            Varied Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Passerina ciris
                            
                            Painted Bunting.
                        
                        
                            
                                Spiza americana
                            
                            Dickcissel.
                        
                        
                            
                                (MM) Family Thraupidae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                (1) Subfamily Dacninae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Cyanerpes cyaneus
                            
                            Red-legged Honeycreeper.
                        
                        
                            
                                (2) Subfamily Coerebinae
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                Coereba flaveola
                            
                            Bananaquit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Tiaris olivaceus
                            
                            Yellow-faced Grassquit.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melopyrrha portoricensis
                            
                            Puerto Rican Bullfinch.
                        
                        
                            
                                Melanospiza bicolor
                            
                            Black-faced Grassquit.
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                (3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
                            
                        
                        
                            Sporophila morelleti
                            Morelet's Seedeater.
                        
                    
                
                
                    PART 17ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
                
                3. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:
                
                    Authority: 
                    16 U.S.C. 13611407; 15311544; and 42014245, unless otherwise noted.
                
                4. Amend  17.11, in paragraph (h), the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, under BIRDS, by:
                a. Revising the entries for Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL DPS], Crane, Mississippi sandhill, Nightjar, Puerto Rican, and Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain;
                b. Removing the entries for Rail, California clapper and Rail, light-footed clapper;
                c. Adding, in alphabetical order, entries for Rail, California Ridgway's and Rail, light-footed Ridgway's; and
                d. Revising the entries for Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside, Tern, California least, and Towhee, Inyo California.
                The revisions and additions read as follows:
                
                     17.11
                    Endangered and threatened wildlife.
                    
                    (h) * * *
                    
                         
                        
                            Common name
                            Scientific name
                            Where listed
                            Status
                            Listing citations and applicable rules
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            
                                BIRDS
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL DPS]
                            
                                Caracara plancus audubonii
                            
                            U.S.A. (FL)
                            T
                            52 FR 25229, 7/6/1987.
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Crane, Mississippi sandhill
                            
                                Antigone canadensis pulla
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            
                                38 FR 14678, 6/4/1973; 50 CFR 17.95(b).
                                CH
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Nightjar, Puerto Rican
                            
                                Antrostomus noctitherus
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            38 FR 14678, 6/4/1973.
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain
                            
                                Patagioenas inornata wetmorei
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Rail, California Ridgway's
                            
                                Rallus obsoletus obsoletus
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Rail, light-footed Ridgway's
                            
                                Rallus obsoletus levipes
                            
                            U.S.A. only
                            E
                            
                                34 FR 5034, 3/8/1969;
                                35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside
                            
                                Ammospiza maritima mirabilis
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            
                                32 FR 4001, 3/11/1967;
                                
                                    50 CFR 17.95(b).
                                    CH
                                
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Tern, California least
                            
                                Sternula antillarum browni
                            
                            Wherever found
                            E
                            
                                35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970;
                                35 FR 8491, 6/2/1970.
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                        
                            Towhee, Inyo California
                            
                                Melozone crissalis eremophilus
                            
                            Wherever found
                            T
                            
                                52 FR 28780, 8/3/1987;
                                
                                    50 CFR 17.95(b).
                                    CH
                                
                            
                        
                        
                             
                        
                        
                            *         *         *         *         *         *         *
                        
                    
                
                5. Amend  17.95, in paragraph (b), by
                
                    a. Revising the headings for Mississippi Sandhill Crane (
                    Grus canadensis pulla
                    ) and Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (
                    Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
                    ); and
                
                
                    b. Removing the heading Inyo Brown Towhee (
                    Pipilo fuscus eremophilus
                    ) and adding in its place a heading for Inyo California Towhee (
                    Melozone crissalis eremophilus
                    ).
                
                The revisions and addition read as follows:
                
                     17.95
                    Critical habitatfish and wildlife.
                    (b) * * *
                    
                        MISSISSIPPI SANDHILL CRANE (
                        Antigone canadensis pulla
                        )
                    
                    
                    
                        CAPE SABLE SEASIDE SPARROW (
                        Ammospiza maritima mirabilis
                        )
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        INYO CALIFORNIA TOWHEE (
                        Melozone crissalis eremophilus
                        )
                    
                    
                
                
                    PART 21MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS
                
                6. The authority citation for part 21 continues to read as follows:
                
                    Authority: 
                    16 U.S.C. 703712.
                
                
                     21.123
                    [Amended]
                
                
                    7. Amend  21.123, in the introductory text of paragraph (a), by removing the words (
                    Phalacrocorax auritus
                    ) and adding in their place the words (
                    Nannopterum auritum
                    ).
                
                
                    Shannon A. Estenoz,
                    Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
                
            
            [FR Doc. 202226733 Filed 12922; 8:45 am]
            BILLING CODE 433315P