Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
FAM71D
FAM71D, also known as chromosome 14 open reading frame 54 (C14orf54), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM71D gene on Chromosome 14. Orthologs of FAM71D reach as far back in evolution to Reptiles, however, it is closer in homology to primates than any other orthologs. FAM71D has 6 paralogs: FAM71A, FAM71B, FAM71C, FAM71E1, FAM71F1, and FAM71F2 which encode a protein of unknown function.

# Gene
In humans,  FAM71D is located at 14q23.3 and stretches between positions 67189393 and 67228550 (span 39157 bp). It codes for at least 10 unique human protein isoforms: the primary isoform (422 aa; also denoted X1), isoform X2 (417 aa), isoform X3 (413 aa), isoform X4 (400 aa), isoform X5 (399 aa), isoform X6 (398 aa), isoform X7 (392 aa), isoform X8 (389 aa), isoform X9 (347 aa), isoform X10 (336 aa) In humans, FAM71D codes for an mRNA strand that is 1790 base pairs long. The human mRNA is composed of a 5' untranslated region that is 290 bases long and a 3' untranslated region that is 231 bases long The gene has the following neighbours on the same chromosome:
File:Gene Neighbors.png

# Homology

# Protein
The primary protein encoded by FAM71D in humans is 422 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 47076 Da. The protein is part of a functionally uncharacterized family of proteins (pfam 12480) with a domain of unknown function DUF3699.

## Structure
Several tools are available to predict the secondary structure of a protein. One tool that combines the results of few of them is PELE on SDSC Biology WorkBench. According to this tool, the protein's secondary structure is mostly alpha helices, beta stands and coiled-coiled domains.

## Post Translational Modifications
Like any other protein, this protein undergoes post-translational modifications. FAM71D is predicted to contain 2 nuclear export signals, and lacks both a signal peptide and transmembrane domains.

## Interactions
FAM71D interacts with PGK2, TUBA3C, and HSPB1. FAM71D is also predicted to interact with the following proteins using STRING:

# Expression
FAM71D is primarily expressed in the testis of humans only expressed during the adult developmental stage. GEO microarray data also supports the expression of FAM71D in humans
File:Expression FAM71D.png

# Clinical Relevance
No studies have directly associated FAM71D protein with certain diseases. However, using NCBI GEO Profiles, FAM71D was found to be over-expressed in patients suffering from unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
FAM73B
The family with sequence similarity 73, member B, also known as FAM73B, is a human gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of FAM73B function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Fam73btm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program  a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and six significant abnormalities were observed. Homozygous mutant animals had a decreased body weight, altered body composition, abnormal tooth morphology, hypoalbuminemia, decreased bone mineral content and strength, and an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
FAM83H
FAM83H is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as FAM83H (uncharacterized protein FAM83H). FAM83H is targeted for the nucleus and it predicted to play a role in the structural development and calcification of tooth enamel.

# Gene

## Location
FAM83H is located on the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q24.3), starting at 143723933 and ending at 143738030. The FAM83H gene spans 14097 base pairs and is orientated on thestrand. The coding region is made up of 5,604 base pairs and 5 exons.

## Expression
FAM83H is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body at relatively low levels.

## Transcript Variants
In humans, there is only one known major product of the FAM83H gene.

# Homology

## Paralogs
There are no paralogs of FAM83H

## Orthologs
Below is a table of a variety of orthologs of the human FAM83H. The table include closely, intermediately and distantly related orthologs.
Orthologs of the human protein FAM83H are listed above in descending order or date of divergence and then ascending order of percent identity. FAM83H is highly conserved throughout all orthologs, this is demonstrated with a 40% identity in the least similar ortholog. FAM83H has evolved slowly and evenly over time.

# Protein

## General Properties
The molecular weight of FAM83H is 127.1kD and contains 1179 amino acids. The isoelectric point is 6.52. There are no significant positive or negative charge clusters in the protein. There is a stretch of 21 0s from 254-275 and a stretch of 24 0s from 420-444.1  

## Composition
FAM83H is proline rich, being 10.32% protein, and is asparagine deficient with only 1.1%. The percent composition of each amino acid is fairly consistent throughout the orthologs of the protein. The most distant ortholog displays the most variance in amino acid composition.

## Domains
FAM83H has two known domains. The PLDc_FAM83H (phospholipase like domain) domain stretches from 17-281 on FAM83H. It lacks the functionally important histidine, so while it may share similar structure it most likely lacks PLD activity. The MIP-T3 microtubule binding domain stretches from 909-1176.

## Post-translational modifications
FAM83H is highly phosphorylated post modification. There are 11 predicted phosphorylated sites. There are two motifs with high probability of post translational modification sumoylation sites. Sumoylation sites are involved in a number of cellular processes, including nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation and protein stability. FAM83H does not have a signal peptide

## Secondary Structure
Fam83H is primarily composed of alpha helices and random coils. Alpha helices comprise the majority of the protein. There is a transmembrane domain from 231-252.

## Subcellular Localization
Protein FAM83H is targeted to the nucleus.

## Interacting Proteins
FAM83H was found to interact with WDR72 and MMP20. MMP20 is responsible for the breakdown of extracellular matrix and plays a role in tissue remodeling in ameloblasts. mutations in WDR72 is thought to play a role in amelogenesis imperfecta

# Clinical Significance

## Disease Association
People who suffer from amelogenesis imperfecta have lost function in FAM83H.
FANCD2
Fanconi anemia group D2 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FANCD2 gene. The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2 (this gene), FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL.

# Function
Fanconi anemia is a genetically homozygous recessive disorder characterized by  chromosomal instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair.  The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group D2. This protein is monoubiquitinated in response to DNA damage, resulting in its localization to nuclear foci with other proteins (BRCA1 and BRCA2) involved in homology-directed DNA repair (see Figure: Recombinational repair of DNA double-strand damages).  A nuclear complex containing FANCA, FANCC, FANCF and FANCG proteins is required for the activation of the FANCD2 protein to the mono-ubiquitinated isoform.  Mono-ubiquination of FANCD2 is essential for repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks.
Mono-ubiquitination is also required for interaction with the nuclease FAN1. FAN1 recruitment and its consequent activity restrain DNA replication fork progression and prevent chromosome abnormalities from occurring when DNA replication forks stall.  Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

# Infertility
Humans with a FANCD deficiency display hypogonadism, male infertility, impaired spermatogenesis, and reduced female fertility.  Similarly, mice deficient in FANCD2 show hypogonadism, impaired fertility and impaired gametogenesis.
In the non-mutant mouse, FANCD2 is expressed in spermatogonia, pre-leptotene spermatocytes, and in spermatocytes in the leptotene, zygotene and early pachytene stages of meiosis.  In synaptonemal complexes of meiotic chromosomes, activated FANCD2 protein co-localizes with BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility protein).  FANCD2 mutant mice exhibit chromosome mis-pairing during the pachytene stage of meiosis and germ cell loss.  Activated FANCD2 protein may normally function prior to the initiation of meiotic recombination, perhaps to prepare chromosomes for synapsis, or to regulate subsequent recombination events.

# Clinical significance
Tobacco smoke suppresses the expression of FANCD2, which codes for a DNA damage "caretaker" or repair mechanism.

## Cancer
FANCD2 mutant mice have a significantly increased incidence of tumors including ovarian, gastric and hepatic adenomas as well as hepatocellular, lung, ovarian and mammary carcinomas.  Humans with a FANCD2 deficiency have increased acute myeloid leukemia, and squamous cell carcinomas (head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and anogenital carcinomas).

# Interactions
FANCD2 has been shown to interact with:
- FANCI
- Ataxia telangiectasia mutated,
- BARD1,
- BRCA1.
- BRCA2,
- FANCE,
- HTATIP, and
- MEN1.
FBLIM1
Filamin-binding LIM protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBLIM1 gene.
This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal filamin-binding domain, a central proline-rich domain, and, multiple C-terminal LIM domains. This protein localizes at cell junctions and may link cell adhesion structures to the actin cytoskeleton. This protein may be involved in the assembly and stabilization of actin-filaments and likely plays a role in modulating cell adhesion, cell morphology and cell motility. This protein also localizes to the nucleus and may affect cardiomyocyte differentiation after binding with the CSX/NKX2-5 transcription factor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

# Interactions
FBLIM1 has been shown to interact with Filamin, PLEKHC1 and FLNB.
FBXO11
F-box only protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO11 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
FBXO11 is conserved from nematodes to mammals, and both human FBXO11 and its worm ortholog (DRE-1) form functional SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes. By binding to and mediating the degradation of its substrate proteins, FBXO11 plays important roles in regulating cell cycle regulation, tumorigenesis, and tumor cell metastasis. Well established targets of FBXO11 include BCL6, and Snail.

# Clinical significance
Inactivation of FBXO11-mediated BCL6 degradation has been shown to contribute to abnormal germinal-center formation and tumorigenesis. The Caenorhabditis elegans DRE-1/FBXO11 was reported to target the conserved transcription factor BLMP-1 for proteasomal degradation, and thereby regulates developmental timing and maturation.  The gene encoding FBXO11 was found to be deleted or mutated in multiple diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines, and this inactivation of FBXO11 contributes to increased levels BCL6 and subsequently DLBCL pathogenesis. FBXO11 mutations were also identified in other human cancers, such as colon, lung, ovary, and head and neck tumors. In mice, a homozygous mutation of FBXO11 results in cleft palate defects, facial clefting, and perinatal lethality. Moreover, haploinsufficient mutant alleles cause otitis media, a disorder that affects approximately 15% of children.
FBXO31
F-box only protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO31 gene.

# Function
Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO31, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains.
F-box protein FBXO31 directs degradation of MDM2 to facilitate p53-mediated growth arrest following genotoxic stress. the F-box protein FBXO31, a candidate tumor suppressor encoded in 16q24.3 for which there is loss of heterozygosity in various solid tumors, is responsible for promoting MDM2 degradation. Following genotoxic stress, FBXO31 is phosphorylated by the DNA damage serine/threonine kinase ATM, resulting in increased levels of FBXO31. FBXO31 then interacts with and directs the degradation of MDM2, which is dependent on phosphorylation of MDM2 by ATM. FBXO31-mediated loss of MDM2 leads to elevated levels of p53, resulting in growth arrest. In cells depleted of FBXO31, MDM2 is not degraded and p53 levels do not increase following genotoxic stress. Thus, FBXO31 is essential for the classic robust increase in p53 levels following DNA damage.
FITkit
FITkit is an immunological test for measuring natural rubber latex (NRL) allergens from a variety of rubber products, such as gloves.

# Description
FITkit is a method for quantification of the major NRL specific allergens: Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02. These tests are based on the enzyme immunometric assay technique and use specific monoclonal antibodies developed against the clinically relevant latex allergens present in NRL products.
FITkit is known also under scientific names EIA (enzymo immunoassay) or IEMA (immuno-enzymometric assay) .
FITkit is a trade mark of Quattromed Ltd.
FKBP1B
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FKBP1B gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 (tacrolimus) and rapamycin (sirolimus). It is highly similar to the FK506-binding protein 1A. Its physiological role is thought to be in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. There are two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding different isoforms.

# Clinical significance
Defective interaction between FKB1B and the ryanodine receptor is thought to be a potential mechanism underlying the arrhythmias seen in those with the genetic condition catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
FKBP52
FK506-binding protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKBP4 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It has high structural and functional similarity to FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A), but unlike FKBP1A, this protein does not have immunosuppressant activity when complexed with FK506. It interacts with interferon regulatory factor-4 and plays an important role in immunoregulatory gene expression in B and T lymphocytes. This encoded protein is known to associate with phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase. It can also associate with two heat shock proteins (hsp90 and hsp70) and thus may play a role in the intracellular trafficking of hetero-oligomeric forms of the steroid hormone receptors. This protein correlates strongly with adeno-associated virus type 2 vectors (AAV) resulting in a significant increase in AAV-mediated transgene expression in human cell lines. Thus this encoded protein is thought to have important implications for the optimal use of AAV vectors in human gene therapy.

# Structure
This protein contains TPR repeats and has a PPlase domain.

# Clinical significance
Recent research suggests that FKBP52 may play a role in preventing the Tau protein from turning pathogenic. This may prove significant for the development of new Alzheimer's drugs and for detecting the disease before the onset of clinical symptoms.

# Interactions
FKBP52 has been shown to interact with GLMN.
FNBP1L
Formin-binding protein 1-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FNBP1L gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene binds to both CDC42 and N-WASP. This protein promotes CDC42-induced actin polymerization by activating the N-WASP-WIP complex and, therefore, is involved in a pathway that links cell surface signals to the actin cytoskeleton. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

# Clinical significance
FNBP1L polymorphisms, specifically the SNP rs236330 has been associated with normally varying intelligence differences in adults and in children.
FODMAP
The term FODMAP is an acronym for "Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols".

# Overview
FODMAPs are highly fermentable but poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates and polyols.

# Medical uses
Low FODMAP diet may help treat irritable bowel syndrome according to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and a more recent trial. Included in the systematic review was a trial that combined low FODMAPs and high dietary fiber.
A diet that is low in FODMAPs but high in soluble fiber contains psyllium (ispaghula husks). A high fiber, low FODMAP diet has been published and contains 23 grams of fiber and 3 grams of FODMAPs. 
Symptoms of gluten sensitivity in the absence of celiac disease may actually be due to fructans in wheat.
FOLFOX

# Overview
FOLFOX is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of colorectal cancer, made up of the drugs
- FOL Folinic acid (leucovorin)
- F   Fluorouracil (5-FU)
- OX  Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)

# FOLFOX4
Adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer is recommended for 12 cycles, every 2 weeks. The recommended dose schedule given every two weeks is as follows:
Day 1: Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 IV infusion in 250-500 mL D5W and leucovorin 200 mg/m2 IV infusion in D5W both given over 120 minutes at the same time in separate bags using a Y-line, followed by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 IV infusion in 500 mL D5W (recommended) as a 22-hour continuous infusion.
Day 2: Leucovorin 200 mg/m2 IV infusion over 120 minutes, followed by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 IV infusion in 500 mL D5W (recommended) as a 22-hour continuous infusion.
Premedication with antiemetics, including 5-HT3 blockers with or without dexamethasone, is recommended.
FOREST
FOREST (an acronym for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group that campaigns for the right of people to smoke tobacco and opposes attempts to ban or reduce tobacco consumption, as well as casting doubt on medical claims of the health risks of smoking. Describing itself as the "voice and friend of the smoker", it is primarily funded by the tobacco industry.

# History
FOREST was officially founded in 1979 by former Air Chief Marshal Sir Christopher Foxley-Norris.
In 1987 Lord Harris of High Cross, general director of the Institute of Economic Affairs (1957-1989), was appointed chairman, a position he held until his death in October 2006, aged 81. A long-term pipesmoker and an outspoken critic of public smoking bans, Ralph Harris wrote numerous articles and essays on the subject of "passive smoking" (inhaling others' second-hand smoke, also known as "sidestream smoke" or "environmental tobacco smoke"), including "Smoking Out The Truth: a challenge to the Chief Medical Officer"  (2005) 
in which he declared:
FOREST spokesmen appear regularly on television and radio in the United Kingdom and are frequently quoted by British newspapers.

# Funding
FOREST's  website states that it is funded 'mainly' by the tobacco industry. 
It has been claimed that FOREST is an astroturf group created by the tobacco industry, and in particular that its establishent was planned by the Tobacco Advisory Committee, the British tobacco industry trade association
According to the document "Minutes of the 11th Meeting of the Public Relations Sub-Committee of TAC Held at Glen House, Stag Place, London, SW1. On Tuesday, 5th August 1979" members of the Public Relations sub-committee of the Tobacco Advisory Committee, the British tobacco industry trade association, were minuted as saying, prior to the creation of FOREST:

# Recent developments
In recent years FOREST has attracted the support of several high profile smokers including artist David Hockney, inventor Trevor Baylis, musician Joe Jackson, restaurateur and TV chef Antony Worrell Thompson, and Claire Fox, director of the Institute of Ideas. In September 2005 Hockney, Jackson and Fox all spoke at a fringe meeting organised by FOREST at the Labour Party conference in Brighton.
In February 2006, FOREST lost its fight against a total ban on smoking in enclosed public places in England from Summer 2007. This includes all pubs, bars, cafes and restaurants, as well as workplaces and private members clubs. Similar bans have come into force in Northern Ireland (Spring 2007) and Wales (April 2007). Scotland introduced its own public smoking ban in March 2006. Despite this, FOREST says it will continue to fight for what it calls "freedom of choice". Current slogans include "Smokers are voters, too", "Enough is enough" and "Nanny state? No thanks".
FUNDC1
FUN14 domain containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FUNDC1 gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of FUNDC1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Fundc1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program  a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists  at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. 
Twenty two tests were carried out on mutant mice, however no significant abnormalities were observed.