Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
VPS26A
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS26A gene.
This gene belongs to a group of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes. The encoded protein is a component of a large multimeric complex, termed the retromer complex, involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The close structural similarity between the yeast and human proteins that make up this complex suggests a similarity in function. Expression studies in yeast and mammalian cells indicate that this protein interacts directly with VPS35, which serves as the core of the retromer complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

# Structure
Vps26 is a 38-kDa subunit that has a two-lobed structure with a polar core that resembles the arrestin family of trafficking adaptor. This fold consist of two related -sandwich subdomains with a fibronectin type III domain topology. The two domains are joined together by a flexible linker and are closely associated by an unusual polar core.  Arrestins are regulatory proteins known for connecting G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to clathrin during endocytosis. They play many critical roles in cell signalling and membrane trafficking. Both Vps26 and arrestins are composed of two structurally related -sheet domains forming extensive interfaces with each other, using polar and electrostatic contacts to create interdomain interactions for ligand binding. However, there are significant structural differences between both Vps26 and arrestins. Vps26 protein has extended C-terminal tails that do not contain identifiable clathrin- or AP2-binding sequences, and therefore cannot form stable intramolecular contacts with clathrin and AP2, which has been observed for arrestins. Moreover, Vps26 does not have similar sequences as arrestins for GPCR and phospholipid interactions.

# Vps26B paralogue
In yeast, there is only one Vps26 species, whereas there are two Vps26 paralogues (Vps26A and Vps26B) in mammals.
X-ray crystallography revealed that the structures of both Vps26A and Vps26B share a similar bilobal -sandwich structure and possess 70% sequence homology. However, these two paralogues distinctly differ on the surface patch within the N-terminal domain, the apex region where the N-terminal and C-terminal domains meet and the disordered C-terminal tail. Vps26B contains several putative serine phosphorylation residues within this disordered tail, which may represent a potential mechanism to modulate the difference between Vps26A and Vps26B. A recent study conducted by Bugarcic et al. pinpointed that this disordered tail on C-terminal region of Vps26B is one of the underlying factors that contributes to the failure for Vps26B-containing Retromer to associate with CI-M6PR, ultimately leading to CI-M6PR degradation, accompanied with increased cathepsin D secretion.
VPS33B
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS33B gene.

# Function
Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene is a member of the Sec-1 domain family, and encodes the human ortholog of rat Vps33b which is homologous to the yeast class C Vps33 protein. The mammalian class C Vps proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of VPS33B function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Vps33btm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: In-depth immunological phenotyping
Vector

# Overview
In epidemiology, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another.
A classic example is the  anopheles mosquito which acts as a vector for the disease malaria by transmitting the malarial parasite plasmodium to humans.
In this case plasmodium is harmless to the mosquito (its intermediate host) but causes the disease malaria in humans (its definitive host).
In molecular biology and genetic engineering a vector is a vehicle for transferring genetic material into a cell.
A viral vector is a virus which has been modified to transduct specific genetic material into a cell, e.g. for gene therapy.
A plasmid vector is made by splicing a DNA construct into a plasmid. Various techniques are then used to transfect the plasmid into the cell.

# Epidemiology
There are two types of vector that convey infectious organisms to a host: mechanical and biological. Microbes do not multiply within mechanical vectors - mechanical vectors only physically transport microbes from host to host. In contrast, microbes must propagate within a biological vector before the biological vector can transmit the microbes.
- mosquito (malaria, St. Louis encephalitis, dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile virus)
- flea (bubonic plague)
- tick (Lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, tick-borne encephalitis)
- deer mouse (hantavirus)
- kissing bug (Triatominae) (Chagas Disease)
- bat (Rabies)

# Molecular biology

## Cell transformation and gene therapy
- adenovirus
- adeno-associated virus
- tobacco mosaic virus (plants)
- cytomegalovirus
- bacteriophage (bacteria)
- viral vector

## DNA
- SV40 (Simian virus 40)
- Plasmid
- Yeast artificial chromosome (Chromosome walking, Positional cloning)
- Bacterial artificial chromosome (Shotgun sequencing)
Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape.  Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.  All members of the genus are motile and have polar flagella with sheath.  Recent phylogenies have been constructed based on a suite of genes (multi-locus sequence analysis).

# Pathogenic strains
Several species of Vibrio include clinically important human pathogens.  Most disease causing strains are associated with gastroenteritis but can also infect open wounds and cause septicemia. It can be carried by numerous sea living animals, such as crabs or prawns, and has been known to cause fatal infections in humans during exposure. Pathogenic Vibrio include V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus.  Vibrio cholerae is generally transmitted via contaminated water.  Pathogenic Vibrio are can cause food poisoning, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood.
Vibrio vulnificus outbreaks commonly occur in warm climates and small, generally lethal, outbreaks occur regularly.  An outbreak occurred in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina and several lethal cases occur most years in Florida.
V. parahaemolyticus is also associated with the Kanagawa phenomenon, in which strains isolated from human hosts (clinical isolates) are hemolytic on blood agar plates, while those isolated from non-human sources are non-hemolytic.
Many Vibrio are also zoonotic.  They cause disease in fish and shellfish, and are common causes of mortality among domestic marine life.

# Other strains
Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and V. harveyi are notable for their ability to communicate. Both V. fischeri and Ph. phosphoreum are symbiotes of other marine organisms (typically jellyfish, fish, or squid), and produce light via bioluminescence through the mechanism of quorum sensing. Vibrio harveyi is a pathogen of several aquatic animals and notable as a cause of luminous vibriosis in shrimps (prawns)

# Flagella
The "typical", early-discovered vibrio such as V. cholerae have a single polar flagellum (monotrichous) with sheath. Some species such as V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus have both a single polar flagellum with sheath and thin flagella projecting in all direction (peritrichous), and the other species such as V. fischeri have tufts of polar flagella with sheath (lophotrichous).
Villus

# Overview
Villus (Latin: "shaggy hair", plural villi) can refer to:
- Intestinal villus. This is the most common meaning when not more precisely specified
- Chorionic villi, found on the surface of the outermost membrane (the chorion) of the fetus
- Arachnoid villi, located on the arachnoid membrane of the brain
Virkon
Virkon is a brand name for a powerful, multi-purpose disinfectant. The solution is used in many areas, including hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, medical, dental and veterinary facilities, and anywhere else where control of pathogens is required. It is typically used for cleaning up hazardous spills, disinfecting surfaces and soaking equipment. 
Virkon has a remarkable spectrum of activity against viruses, fungi, spores and bacteria, including mycobacteria such as tuberculosis. It is also effective against SARS and Avian influenza. However, for full effectiveness it must be sprayed liberally on a surface and allowed to sit for at least two (and up to ten) minutes before being wiped off.

# Ingredients
Virkon's ingredients are:
- potassium peroxymonosulfate (21.5%)  disinfecting/cleansing agent
- sulphamic acid  disinfecting/cleansing agent
- malic acid  disinfecting/cleansing agent
- sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate  detergent
- sodium chloride (1.5%)  disinfecting/cleansing agent
- sodium hexametaphosphate  buffering agent
- Amaranth dye  an indicator colour
- Lemon extract  odorant
The disinfecting agents and detergents work synergistically to attack pathogens.

# Preparation and use
It is most often sold as pink tablets or powder which dissolve readily in water. It is intended to be mixed with water to form a 1% to 3% solution (by weight, i.e. 10g to 30g per litre). The pink colour is useful in that in helps gauge the concentration when preparing the Virkon, and importantly, as the Virkon ages it discolours, making it obvious when it needs to be replaced. The solution is generally stable for five to seven days.
Virkon has a faint lemon odor, but the scent is still considered unpleasant by some. It is relatively safe in terms of skin contact, but can cause eye damage and should not be used as a hand-washing liquid.
When ordered in bulk, Virkon costs about 35 US cents per litre to produce, which is comparable to most bleaches. Nevertheless, some facilities prefer to produce their own alternative disinfectants to save costs.
Virkon is a registered trademark of Antec International, a subsidiary of DuPont. As of 2006, DuPont has been slowly rebranding Virkon as a part of its "RelyOn" disinfectant range.
Viscus

# Overview
In anatomy, a viscus (plural: viscera) is an internal organ of the thorax or abdomen.
Internal organs are also known as "innards", or less formally, "guts" (which may also refer to the gastrointestinal tract).
The adjective visceral is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs.
Visine
Visine is a brand of eye drops produced by Johnson & Johnson. Johnson & Johnson acquired Visine, along with Pfizer's entire consumer healthcare portfolio, in December 2006.

# Visine Original
The active ingredients in the original Visine formulation are potassium chloride and tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride which is a vasoconstrictor, and therefore constricts the eye's superficial blood vessels to "get the red out", as claimed in Johnson & Johnson's advertising.

## Administration
As with other eye drops, Visine is administered topically with 1 to 2 drops applied to the affected eye(s) up to 4 times daily .

## Adverse effects
- Those using Visine Original frequently report stinging and burning upon application.
- Use can cause a rebound effect causing the redness to worsen. Prolonged use can cause blood vessels to be permanently dilated. Use should be limited.
- A red eye may often be indicative of more serious underlying ocular condition, simply reducing blood flow to the area will not solve the condition and may even exacerbate symptoms
- These drops are also not advised for contact lens wearers as decreased blood flow to the surface of the eye will further lower the levels of oxygen available to the eye.
Vislab
The Artificial Vision and Intelligent Systems Laboratory of the University of Parma (also known as Parma VisLab
-r VisLab) is the artificial vision research laboratory of University of Parma, Dipartimento di
Ingegneria dell'Informazione.
It started its activities in 1990, with the involvement of the researchers within the
Eureka PROMETHEUS Project. Since then the research group is focussed on vehicular applications.
VisLab is regarded as one of the leading centers for artificial vision applied to vehicles.
VisLab, directed by Alberto Broggi, undertakes research in basic and applied computer vision; the most
important field of research is the perception of the surrounding environment in vehicular applications using cameras and fusion with other sensors. Its researchers contribute to fields such as artificial vision, image processing, machine learning, neural networks, robotics, and sensor fusion in the vehicular robotics history. Among them, the ARGO Project and the TerraMax Project.
In the eraly years, the research group formed by Alberto Broggi, Massimo Bertozzi and Alessandra Fascioli designed, realized, and successfully tested ARGO.
ARGO was a passenger car able to perceive the environment through the use of microcameras, analyze the surroundings, plan a trajectory, and drive itself on normal roads.
It was tested in 1998 with a 2000+ km tour in Italy, dubbed MilleMiglia in Automatico. In this test the vehicle drove for more than 94% in automatic mode. It was the first test in the world to use off-the-shelf and low cost technology (a Pentiun 200MHz PC and two low-cost video-phone cameras) in normal conditions of traffic, environment, and weather.
Together with Carnegie Mellon's No Hands Across America and Universitat der Bundeswer's test from Munich to Odense, the MilleMiglia in Automatico is regarded as one of the milestones in vehicular robotics.
In 2005 a vehicle called TerraMax was able to successfully conclude the DARPA Grand Challenge; VisLab's vision system was its primary means of perception.
Despite the large vehicle size, the vehicle was able to negotiate different terrains and detect obstacles thanks to an innovative solution based on a trinocular system that was developed by VisLab.

# Location
VisLab is located in the University of Parma main campus, south of Parma, Italy. A new location in Wisconsin, friendly dubbed Vislab America, is
the homebase for projects with VisLab's american partners.
WNT10A
Wnt-10a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT10A gene.

# Function
The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family.

# Clinical significance
WNT10A is strongly expressed in the cell lines of promyelocytic leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition, it and another family member, the WNT6 gene, are strongly coexpressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. The gene overexpression may play key roles in carcinogenesis through activation of the WNT-beta-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. This gene and the WNT6 gene are clustered in the chromosome 2q35 region.
Mutations in the WNT10A gene are associated with SchopfSchulzPassarge syndrome and hypodontia.
WRNIP1
ATPase WRNIP1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRNIP1 gene.
Werner's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature aging. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the N-terminal portion of Werner protein containing the exonuclease domain. This protein shows homology to replication factor C family proteins, and is conserved from E. coli to human. Studies in yeast suggest that this gene may influence the aging process. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been isolated for this gene.

# Interactions
WRNIP1 has been shown to interact with Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase.
Wakame

# Health
New studies conducted at Hokkaido University have found that a compound in wakame known as fucoxanthin can help burn fatty tissue.  Studies in mice have shown that fucoxanthin induces expression of the fat-burning protein UCP1 that accumulates in fat tissue around the internal organs.  Expression of UCP1 protein was significantly increased in mice fed fucoxanthin.
Wakame is also used in topical beauty treatments.  
See also Fucoidan
In Oriental medicine it has been used for blood purification, intestinal strength, skin, hair, reproductive organs and menstrual regularity .

# Invasiveness
In New Zealand, wakame is a very serious weed, and was nominated one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. It was first discovered in Wellington Harbour in 1987. It probably arrived accidentally in the late 1980s, via shipping from Asia, in ballast water. Native to cold temperate coastal areas of Japan, Korea and China, in recent decades it has also established in France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Argentina and Australia.
Wakame is now found around much of south-eastern New Zealand, and as far north as Auckland. It spreads in two ways: naturally, through the millions of microscopic spores released by each fertile organism, and through attachment to vessel hulls and marine farming equipment. It is a highly successful and fertile species, which makes it a serious invader. However, its impacts are not well understood and are likely to vary, depending on the location.

# As food
Wakame fronds are green and have a subtly sweet flavour and slippery texture. The leaves should be cut into small pieces as they will expand during cooking.
In Japan, wakame is distributed either dried or salted, and used in soups (particularly miso soup, and salads (Tofu salad), of often simply as a side dish to Tofu and a salad vegetable like cucumber. These dishes are typically dressed with Japanese ingredients including soya sauce and vinegar/rice vinegar.
- In China, it is called qundaicai. Chinese production is concentrated around Dalian.
- In Korea, it is called miyeok and used in salads or soup.
Wakame is a rich source of EPA, an -3 essential fatty acid.  At over 400 mg/100 kcal or almost 1 mg/kJ, it has one of the higher nutrient:calorie ratios, and among the very highest for a vegetarian source.  However, 100 grams of Wakame is more than 44 tablespoons of dried Wakame. The usual consumpton of Wakame is closer to 1 or 2 tablespoons. Wakame also has high levels of calcium, thiamine, niacin, and vitamin B12.
YME1L1
ATP-dependent metalloprotease YME1L1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the YME1L1 gene. YME1L1 belongs to the AAA family of ATPases and mainly functions in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Mutations in this gene would cause infantile-onset mitochondriopathy.

# Structure

## Gene
The YME1L1 gene is located at chromosome 10p14, consisting of 20 exons. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Protein
YME1L1 consists of 716 amino acids and is highly similar to all mitochondrial AAA proteases and in particular to yeast Yme1p. Three different domains are identified via sequence analysis, including an AAA consensus sequence between amino acids 317 and 502, an ATP/GTP binding motif, and a HEXXH motif typical of a zinc-dependent binding domain.

# Function
YME1L1 is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is more abundant in tissues with a high content of mitochondria such as human adult heart, skeletal muscle, and pancreas RNA. YME1L1 is a member of the AAA family of ATPases and has an important role for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology.  Its mature form assembles into a homo-oligomeric complex within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IM). It degrades both intermembrane space and IM proteins, including lipid transfer proteins, components of protein translocases of the IM, and the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)  Loss of YME1L1 accelerates OMA1-dependent long-form OPA1 cleavage, resulting in short-form OPA1 accumulation, increased mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial network fragmentation. Its also reported that YME1L1 controls the accumulation of respiratory chain subunits and is required for apoptotic resistance, cristae morphogenesis, and cell proliferation.

# Clinical significance
A homozygous mutation in the YME1L1 gene would cause infantile-onset mitochondriopathy, with severe intellectual disability, muscular impairments, and optic nerve atrophy. The missense mutation affects the MPP processing site and impairs YME1L1 maturation, leading to its rapid degradation, and also leads to a proliferation defect, abnormal OPA1 processing and mitochondrial fragmentation.

# Interactions
- OPA1 
- OMA1
ZBTB32
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the 1960 bp ZBTB32 gene. The 52 kDa protein (487 aa) is a transcriptional repressor and the gene is expressed in T and B cells upon activation, but also significantly in testis cells. It is a member of the Poxviruses and Zinc-finger (POZ) and Kruppel (POK) family of proteins, and was identified in multiple screens involving either immune cell tumorigenesis or immune cell development.
The protein recruits histone modification enzymes to chromatin to affect gene activation. ZBTB32 recruits corepressors, such as N-CoR and HDACs to its target genes, induces repressive chromatin states and acts cooperatively with other proteins, e.g. with Blimp-1, to suppress the transcription of genes .
It contains a N-terminal BTB/POZ domain (IPR000210) or a SKP1/BTB/POZ domain (IPR011333), and three C-terminal zinc fingers, Znf_C2H2_sf. (IPR036236),  Znf_C2H2_type domain (IPR013087), a Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD domain (IPR013083), followed by a putative UBZ4 domain.

# Nomenclature
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 32 is also known as:
- Fanconi Anemia Zinc Finger Protein (FAZF),
- Testis Zinc Finger Protein (TZFP),
- FANCC-Interacting Protein (FAXP),
- Zinc Finger Protein 538 (ZNF538),
- Repressor of GATA3 (ROG),
- PLZF (Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger and Zbtb16)-like zinc finger protein (PLZP)

# Interactions
Zbtb32 has been shown to interact with:
- Fanconi anemia complementation group C (Fancc)
- Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip), but the interaction might be unspecific; however, Vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) seems to interact, and
- Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 (Zbtb16)
- Zinc-finger elbow-related proline domain protein 2 (Zpo2).
- GATA binding protein (Gata2)

# Immune system
The expression of ZBTB32 is induced by inflammatory cytokines and promotes proliferation of natural killer cells.
Zbtb32 knockout mice show a trend to develop type 1 diabetes, although the difference is not statistically different.  Furthermore the Zbtb32 do not show a difference in lymphocyte proliferation, possibly due to compensation from other genes.

# Cancer
ZBTB32 is highly expressed spermatogonial stem cells, in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (please also refer to the RNA expression pattern to the right),  in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and appears to suppress the immune system by silencing the CIITA gene.
The transcription factor gene GATA3 is altered in mammary tumors. Down-regulation of GATA3 expression and activity by the Zinc-finger elbow-related proline domain protein 2 (Zpo2), whereas Zbtb32 facilitates Zpo2 targeting to the GATA3 promoter, results in the development of aggressive breast cancers.
A DNA methylation correlation network was built based on the methylation correlation between differentially methylated genes. A survival analysis of candidate biomarkers was performed. One of eight biomarkers and hub genes identified
in colon cancer is ZBTB32.
The expression of Zbtb32 is upregulated after exposure to cisplatin.