Goitrogen

# Overview
Goitrogens are substances that suppress the function of the thyroid gland by interfering with iodine uptake which can, as a result, cause an enlargement of the thyroid.

# Goitrogenic drugs
Chemicals that have been shown to have goitrogenic effects include:
- Sulfadimethoxine, propylthiouracil, potassium perchlorate, and iopanoic acid.
- Thiocyanate overload in Central Africa, especially if also in conjunction with selenium deficiency. Reliance on cassava as a carbohydrate provides a source of thiocyanate in some areas.

# Goitrogenic foods
Certain foods have been identified as goitrogenic.  These foods include:
- Soybeans (and soybean products such as tofu)
- Pine nuts
- Peanuts
- Millet
- Strawberries
- Peaches
- Spinach
- Bamboo shoots
- Radishes
- Horseradish
- Vegetables in the genus Brassica
Bok choy
Broccoli
Broccolini (Asparations)
Brussels sprouts
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Chinese cabbage
Choy sum
Collard greens
Kai-lan (Chinese broccoli)
Kale
Kohlrabi
Mizuna
Mustard greens
Rapeseed (yu choy)
Rapini
Rutabagas
Tatsoi
Turnips
- Bok choy
- Broccoli
- Broccolini (Asparations)
- Brussels sprouts
- Cabbage
- Cauliflower
- Chinese cabbage
- Choy sum
- Collard greens
- Kai-lan (Chinese broccoli)
- Kale
- Kohlrabi
- Mizuna
- Mustard greens
- Rapeseed (yu choy)
- Rapini
- Rutabagas
- Tatsoi
- Turnips

# Foods stimulating thyroid tissue
Some foods and drinks have an opposite effect on the thyroid gland--that is, they stimulate thyroid function rather than suppressing it; examples being avocado, coconut, and saturated fat.. Indeed some studies on rats suggest that excess caffeine in conjunction with a lack of iodine may promote the formation of thyroid cancers.   Despite being generally a stimulant, caffeine, (examples: coffee, tea, cola, chocolate) acts on thyroid function as a suppressant.

# Footnotes
-  Takizawa T, Imai T, Ueda M, Onodera H, Hirose M (2006). "Comparison of enhancing effects of different goitrogen treatments in combination with beta-estradiol-3-benzoate for establishing a rat two-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model to detect modifying effects of estrogenic compounds". Cancer Sci. 97 (1): 2531. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00132.x. PMID 16367917.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
-  Vanderpas J (2006). "Nutritional epidemiology and thyroid hormone metabolism". Annu. Rev. Nutr. 26: 293322. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.010506.103810. PMID 16704348.
-  Akindahunsi AA, Grissom FE, Adewusi SR, Afolabi OA, Torimiro SE, Oke OL (1998). "Parameters of thyroid function in the endemic goitre of Akungba and Oke-Agbe villages of Akoko area of southwestern Nigeria". African journal of medicine and medical sciences. 27 (34): 23942. PMID 10497657.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
-  Siddhanti SR, King MW, Tove SB (1990). "Influence of dietary fat on factors in serum that regulate thyroid cell metabolism" (PDF). J. Nutr. 120 (11): 1297304. PMID 2172489.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Thyroid hyperplasia has been demonstrated in mice:*"Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of coconut oil acid diethanolamine condensate (CAS No. 68603-42-9) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies)". National Toxicology Program technical report series. 479: 5226. 2001. PMID 12571684.
-  Denice Moffat. "Bad Foods for Thyroid". Retrieved 2007-10-12.
-  Son HY, Nishikawa A, Kanki K;  et al. (2003). "Synergistic interaction between excess caffeine and deficient iodine on the promotion of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats pretreated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine". Cancer Sci. 94 (4): 3347. PMID 12824900.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)