Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
GPR128
G protein-coupled receptor 128 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG7 gene. GPR128 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family.
Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.
GPR128 is specifically expressed in human liver as well as in mouse bone marrow and intestinal tissues.

# Function
Ni et al. showed that Gpr128 deletion in mice causes reduced body weight and induced intestinal contraction frequency.

# Clinical significance
A 111-kb copy number gain with breakpoints within the TRK-fused gene (a target of translocations in lymphoma and thyroid tumors) and GPR128 has been identified in the genome of patients with atypical myeloproliferative neoplasms. Notably, the fused gene was also detected in few healthy individuals.
GPR158
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 158 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR158 gene.

# Function
This protein is an orphan class C GPCR. It is highly expressed in the brain, where it binds to RGS7, an inhibitor of Gi/o-coupled GPCR signaling, localizing it to the plasma membrane.
It is expressed at lower levels in other organs and shows an unusual subcellular localization pattern, being found at both the plasma membrane and in the nucleus.

# Clinical significance

## Role in mood regulation
GPR158 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been shown to regulate stress-induced depression in a mouse model of depression and has been found to be upregulated in post-mortem tissue samples from humans with major depressive disorder (MDD).

## Role in prostate cancer
The GPR158 gene is an androgen-regulated gene that stimulates cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines, and it is linked to neuroendocrine differentiation.
GPR182
GPR182 (or G protein-coupled receptor 182) is a human gene (and associated protein) which is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor.
When this gene was first cloned, it was proposed to encode an adrenomedullin receptor.  However, when the corresponding protein was expressed, it was found not to respond to adrenomedullin (ADM).
It was subsequently shown that a different GPCR, CALCRL when complexed with RAMP2  can function as an ADM receptor.
GPR183
G-protein coupled receptor 183 also known as Epstein-Barr virus-induced G-protein coupled receptor 2 (EBI2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR183 gene.
This gene was identified by the up-regulation of its expression upon Epstein-Barr virus infection of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BL41. This gene is predicted to encode a G protein-coupled receptor that is most closely related to the thrombin receptor. Expression of this gene was detected in B-lymphocyte cell lines and lymphoid tissues but not in T-lymphocyte cell lines or peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
EBI2 helps B cell homing within a lymph node. EBI2 expression increases during B cell activation, after B cell receptor and CD40 stimulation; its expression decreases during germinal cell development due to BCL6--a transcription factor required in germinal center development. EBI2 must turn off to move B cells to the germinal center from the periphery, and must turn on for B cells to exit the germinal center and re-enter the periphery. EBI2 is a receptor for oxysterols, the most potent activator being 7,25-dihydroxycholesterol.
GPRC5A
Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5A gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between retinoic acid and G protein signalling pathways. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation.

# Post transcriptional regulation
GPRC5A is one of only a handful of genes known in the literature that are post-transcriptionally controlled by miRNAs through their 5'UTR.

# Clinical significance
GPRC5A is dysregulated in many human cancers and in other diseases.
GRIN2A
Glutamate  receptor subunit epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2A gene.

# Function
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors.  NMDA channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning.  NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 (GRIN1) and 1 or more of the 4 NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A (GRIN2A), NMDAR2B (GRIN2B), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D (GRIN2D).

# Associations
Variants of the gene are associated with the protective effect of coffee on Parkinson's disease.
Mutations in GRIN2A are associated to refractory epilepsy.
Whole exome/genome sequencing has led to the discovery of an association between mutations in GRIN2A and a wide variety of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, and schizophrenia.

# Interactions
GRIN2A has been shown to interact with:
- DLG1
- DLG3
- DLG4
- FYN
- Interleukin 16
- PTK2B
- Src
GRIN2B
Glutamate  receptor subunit epsilon-2, also known as N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NMDAR2B or NR2B), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2B gene.

# NMDA receptors
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The NMDA receptor channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. NMDA receptor channels are heterotetramers composed of two molecules of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 (GRIN1) and two drawn from one or more of the four NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A (GRIN2A), NMDAR2B (GRIN2B), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D (GRIN2D). The NR2 subunit acts as the agonist binding site for glutamate, one of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain.

# Function
NR2B has been associated with age- and visual-experience-dependent plasticity in the neocortex of rats, where an increased NR2B/NR2A ratio correlates directly with the stronger excitatory LTP in young animals. This is thought to contribute to experience-dependent refinement of developing cortical circuits.
Both mice and rats that were engineered to over-express GRIN2B in their brains have increased mental ability.

# Ligands
- Besonprodil
- CERC-301, a selective NR2B receptor antagonist
- Eliprodil
- Evt 101, a selective NR2B receptor antagonist. This compound was tested as a potentially fast-acting antidepressant. In 2011 it was voluntarily withdrawn from a Phase II clinical study in treatment-resistant depression due to an unsatisfactory toxicity profile.
- Felbamate, an anticonvulsant that is also a positive allosteric modulator for the GABAA receptor
- Ro-25-6981 (also known as MI-4), a selective NR2B receptor antagonist
- Traxoprodil, a selective NR2B receptor antagonist

# Interactions
GRIN2B has been shown to interact with:
- Actinin, alpha 2,
- DLG2,
- DLG3,
- DLG4,
- EXOC4,
- LIN7B,  and
- RICS.
GRXCR1
Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRXCR1 gene.
This gene is one of 60 loci associated with autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. This gene encodes a protein which contains GRX-like domains; these domains play a role in the S-glutathionylation of proteins and may be involved in actin organization in hair cells.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of GRXCR1 function. A mutant mouse line, called tasmanian devil (Grxcr1tde) was generated. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and thirteen significant abnormalities were observed. Homozygous mutant animals of both sex displayed decreased body weights, grip strength, body fat, body length and plasma immunoglobulins, abnormal open field test and modified SHIRPA behaviour, and severe hearing impairment at 13 weeks. Male homozygous mutant animals additionally showed abnormal indirect calorimetry and clinical chemistry parameters,  improved glucose tolerance and a decreased leukocyte cell number. Female homozygotes also had an increased response to stress-induced hyperthermia and a significantly reduced monocyte percentage.
GTF2H2
General transcription factor IIH subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H2 gene.

# Function
This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. This gene is within the telomeric copy of the duplication. Deletion of this gene sometimes accompanies deletion of the neighboring SMN1 gene in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients but it is unclear if deletion of this gene contributes to the SMA phenotype. This gene encodes the 44 kDa subunit of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation factor IIH which is involved in basal transcription and nucleotide excision repair. Transcript variants for this gene have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined. A second copy of this gene within the centromeric copy of the duplication has been described in the literature. It is reported to be different by either two or four base pairs; however, no sequence data is currently available for the centromeric copy of the gene.

# Interactions
GTF2H2 has been shown to interact with GTF2H5, XPB and ERCC2.
GTF3C5
General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C5 gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of GTF3C5 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Gtf3c5tm2a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program  a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; no additional significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.

# Interactions
GTF3C5 has been shown to interact with GTF3C2 and GTF3C4.
GTPBP3
tRNA modification GTPase GTPBP3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in human is encoded by the GTPBP3 gene on chromosome 19.
The GTPBP3 gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals  and which is localized to the mitochondrion and functions in tRNA modification. At least two major isoforms due to alternative splicing are known In addition, a polymorphism on valine 250 is known and may influence aminoglydoside-induced deafness.

# Structure
The GTPBP3 gene contains 10 exons, and encodes a ~44 kDa GTP-binding protein that is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals. The N-terminal domain of mitochondrial tRNA modification GTPase mediates the dimerization of the protein in a potassium-independent manner, which is thought to be related to the construction of the binding site for the one-carbon-unit donor in its tRNA modification reaction function.

# Function
Mitochondrial tRNA modification GTPase is thought to catalyze the formation of 5-taurinomethyluridine (m(5)U) in the anticodon wobble position of five mitochondrial tRNA. The gene was first discovered yeast where the mutation of the yeast homolog of human GTPBP3, MSS1, is found to elicit respiratory defect in yeast only when the mitochondrial 155 rRNA P(R)454 is present. The latter is equivalent to the human 12 rRNA A1555G mutation which has been found to associate with deafness. Hence GTPBP3 and its yeast homolog function in modification of mitochondrial function. In human, GTPBP3 is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues in multiple transcripts.  As a tRNA modification enzyme, it is thought to function to modify codon-anticodon interaction, which is consistent with its modification of the severity of phenotypes in 12S rRNA A1555G mutation..

# Clinical Significance
Mutations in GTPBP3 are known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial defects. Individuals with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in GTPBP3 present with combined deficiency of respiratory chain complexes in skeletal muscle, which require mitochondrial translation of mitochondrial-encoded complex subunits to assemble. GTPBP3 mutations cause severe mitochondrial translation defect. The majority of characterized subjects presented with lactic acidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The valine 250 polymorphisms on GTPBP3 is associated with severity of aminoglycoside-induced deafness in human, a disease associated with homoplasmic A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial-encoded 12S rRNA and is characterized by deafness, varying from profond congenital hearing loss to normal hearing.
GUCY2D
Retinal guanylyl cyclase 1 also known as guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2D (guanylate cyclase 2D) gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a retina-specific guanylate cyclase, which is a member of the membrane guanylyl cyclase family. Like other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme has a hydrophobic amino-terminal signal sequence followed by a large extracellular domain, a single membrane spanning domain, a kinase homology domain, and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. In contrast to other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme is not activated by natriuretic peptides.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene result in Leber's congenital amaurosis and cone-rod dystrophy-6 diseases.
GUCY2F
Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2 also known as guanylate cyclase F (GUCY2F) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2F gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a guanylyl cyclase found predominantly in photoreceptors in the retina. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in resynthesis of cGMP after light activation of the visual signal transduction cascade, allowing a return to the dark state. This protein is a single-pass type I membrane protein.

# Clinical significance
Defects in this gene may be a cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.
Gadd45
The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage gadd45 genes, including GADD45A (originally termed gadd45) GADD45B (originally termed MyD118), & GADD45G (originally termed CR6) are implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor formation. Gadd45 proteins interact with other proteins implicated in stress responses, including PCNA, p21, Cdc2/CyclinB1, MEKK4 & p38 kinase. 

# History
Gadd45a was discovered & characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Albert Fornace Jr. in  1988. 
Gadd45b (MyD118) was discovered & characterized in the laboratories of Drs Dan A.Liebermann & Barbara Hoffman in 1991.
Gadd45g (CR6) was discovered & characterized in the laboratories of Drs Keneneth Smith Dan A.Liebermann & Barbara Hoffman in 1993 & 1999.
Gamete

# Overview
A gamete (from Ancient Greek ; translated gamete = wife, gametes = husband) is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. In species which produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual which produces the larger type of gametecalled an ovum (or egg)and a male produces the smaller typecalled a sperm. This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition wherein females and males produce gametes of different sizes. In contrast, isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size. 
The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel.

# Creation
The creation of gametes is termed gametogenesis, during which phase gametocytes divide by meiosis into gametes. Meiosis reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one (i.e., produces haploid gametes from diploid gametocytes). Organs that produce gametes are called gonads in animals, and  archegonia or antheridia in plants.

# Gamete cycle
A gamete of one generation ultimately creates a gametes in the next generation, but still keeping the same quantity of genetic information.
Gametes are haploid cells; that is, they contain one complete set of chromosomes (the actual number varies from species to species). When two gametes fuse (in animals typically involving a sperm and an egg), they form a zygotea cell that has two complete sets of chromosomes and therefore is diploid. The zygote receives one set of chromosomes from each of the two gametes through the fusion of the two gamete nuclei.  After multiple cell divisions and cellular differentiation, a zygote develops, first into an embryo, and ultimately into a mature individual capable of producing gametes.

# Dissimilarity
In contrast to a gamete, the diploid somatic cells of an individual contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg; that is, the cells of the offspring have genes expressing characteristics of both the father and the mother. A gamete's chromosomes are not exact duplicates of either of the sets of chromosomes carried in the somatic cells of the individual that produced the gametes. They can be hybrids produced through  crossover(a form of genetic recombination) of chromosomes, which takes place in meiosis. This hybridization has a random element, and the chromosomes tend to be a little different in every gamete that an individual produces. This recombination and the fact that the two chromosome sets ultimately come from either a grandmother or a grandfather on each parental side account for the genetic dissimilarity of sibling's.
cs:Pohlavni bunka
da:Gamet
de:Gamet
eo:Gameto
it:Gamete
he: 
lt:Gameta
mk:
nl:Gameet
no:Kjnnscelle
sk:Pohlavna bunka
sv:Konscell
th:
Germ-X
Germ-X is the brand name of a line of antibacterial and antimicrobial products marketed in the United States. Germ-X products include instant hand sanitizer gels, foaming hand soap, and soft wipes. Germ-X products are manufactured by Vi-Jon Laboratories, based in St. Louis, Missouri.
The active ingredient in Germ-X hand sanitizer is ethyl alcohol. The active ingredient in Germ-X hand soap and soft wipes is benzalkonium chloride. The brand's advertising slogan is "Kills 99.99% of germs".
Vi-Jon cites the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) October 20, 2005 Non-Prescription Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting as proof of Germ-X's effectiveness.

# Scents
There are various scents for Germ-X hand sanitizer, one of which is "lavender & chamomile". It comes in a clear bottle with a purple pump. The sanitizer itself takes on a purple hue.
Granin
Granin (chromogranin and secretogranin) is a protein family of regulated secretory proteins ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide hormone and neurotransmitter dense-core secretory vesicles.

# Function
Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro-endocrine cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as pro-hormones, giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo.  The intracellular biochemistry of granins includes binding of Ca2+, ATP and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) within the hormone storage vesicle core.  There is also evidence that CgA, and perhaps other granins, regulate the biogenesis of dense-core secretory vesicles and hormone sequestration in neuroendocrine cells.

# Structure
Apart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), these proteins do not share many structural similarities. Only one short region, located in the C-terminal section, is conserved in all these proteins. Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their N-terminal section; this region includes two cysteine residues involved in a disulfide bond.
There are considerable differences in the amino acid composition between different animals. Commercial assays for measuring human CGA can usually not be used for measuring CGA in samples from other species. Some specific parts of the molecule have a higher degree of amino acid homology and methods where the antibodies are directed against specific epitopes can be used to measure samples from different animals. Region-specific assays measuring defined parts of CGA, CGB and SG2 can be used for measurements in samples from cats and dogs.

# Members

## Chromogranins
- chromogranin A (CgA)
- chromogranin B (CgB)

## Secretogranins
- secretogranin II (SgII) (see also secretoneurin)
- secretogranin III (SgIII)
- secretogranin V (SgV)
Two other proteins (secretogranin IV and VI) are also proposed to belong to the granins on the basis of their physico-chemical properties.