Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Acupoint Therapy
Acupoint Therapy is an extension of Willy Penzel's modern APM system (Akupunkt Massage), and it involves the stimulation of acupuncture points or meridians with a therapy stick. This differs from acupuncture which uses needles, acupressure or shiatsu which uses massage.  Under the scientific standards of evidence-based medicine, there is insufficient evidence as to whether acupoint therapy is effective, despite that most practitioners report beneficial effects.
Sweden is one of the foremost countries using and developing this therapy.

# Physiology
The starting point is traditional Chinese Medicine, which teaches that along the body runs a series of meridians. Each meridian is said to have a specific function, and each of the points along that meridian is claimed to have a different effect on that meridian and indeed on other parts of the body and the energy system.
Half the meridians are said by Acupoint therapists to be yin, which they say seems to correspond to the parasympathetic nervous system. In this theory stimulating these meridians leads to relaxation, a slower heart, reduced blood pressure, muscular release, etc. The other half of the meridians are therefore yang, which is said to produce increased sympathetic nervous system activity  - tension, a faster heart beat, higher blood pressure, and more contraction in the muscles.
Acupoint Therapy focuses on bringing the yin and yang (parasympathetic and sympathetic) back into balance.

# Treatment
The therapy stick looks a bit like something a dentist would put into your mouth, but at the end it has a small ball with a diameter of just a couple of millimeters.
One form of treatment involves the stimulation with the therapy stick along a meridian. This causes vasodilation, thereby stimulating the meridian. (You can see this on yourself by running a pointy blunt object (like a match stick) along your inner forearm. After a few minutes, you'll see a red line appearing where you traced the line. Sometimes you'll see a line - which is vasoconstriction.)
Another treatment method involves stimulating individual points, rather than a length of the meridian.

# Science and acupoint therapy
There is scientific agreement that health outcomes should be assessed via an evidence based medicine framework and that systematic reviews with strict protocols are needed.
Sixty-four patients in two trials have been studied to assess possible scientific support for acupoint therapy .  As of July 2006, acupoint therapy has not been the subject of any peer-reviewed EBM review.  Under EBM, there is insufficient evidence as to whether acupoint therapy is effective.
Concepts and characteristics of penetrating needling
The acupuncture manipulation by penetrating through the acupoints refers to the acupuncture manipulation of puncturing two acupoints or multiple acupoints with one needle. The characteristics are that it uses less needles but stimulates more acupoints and it can alleviate the patients pain and improve the acupuncture effects.
Adenike Eketunde

# Adenike O. Eketunnde, M.D. MPH
Contact:
Email: nike10eket@gmail.com

# Current Position

# Authored Pages
- Choledocholithiasis
- Peliosis hepatis
- Vomiting in children

# Education
- Basic Science, Igbinedion University (2011-2013)
- Doctor of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis (2013-2017)
- Masters in public health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell  (2018-2020)

# Clinical Experience
- Pathology Assistant 
SiParadigm (10/2020 - 12/2020)
- SiParadigm (10/2020 - 12/2020)
- Core and Elective Clerkships (Rotations):
Joseph N. France General Hospital, Brumaire, St. Kitts and Nevis (07/2015 - 08/2017)
- Joseph N. France General Hospital, Brumaire, St. Kitts and Nevis (07/2015 - 08/2017)
- Clinical Externship:
Vascular and Vein Associates, 380 Merrimack St #1c, Methuen, MA 01844, USA (03/2019 - 08/2019)
- Vascular and Vein Associates, 380 Merrimack St #1c, Methuen, MA 01844, USA (03/2019 - 08/2019)

# Licenses and Certifications
- CPR and AED certification
- Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers (BLS)
- Bloodborne Pathogens
- COVID19 Contact Tracing (John Hopkins by Coursera)
- Certificate of Participation: AJCP/Lab Medicine COVID-19 Series
- Certified Clinical Research Professional
- Certificate of Participation: An Overview of Immuno-Oncology
- Certificate of Participation: Molecular Testing for Colorectal Cancer
- HIPPA and Harassment Certification
- Protecting Human Research Participants Online training
- Certificate of Achievement of improving global health by HarvardX
- Doctor of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, St. Kitts and Nevis.

# Dissertations
- A Review of the Indications, Techniques, and Complications of Male Urethral Catheterization for General Medical Practice. publication date, Sep 24, 2020
- A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19. publication date, Aug 27, 2020
- Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer. publication dateMay 7, 2020

# Presenations
- Lead Presenter - Impact of social media on health promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA 22nd annual student research and community engagement symposium. (May 2019)

# Honors
- Zuckerberg College of Health Science Interprofessional Education
Adipoyl chloride
Adipoyl chloride (or adipoyl dichloride) is a di-acyl chloride, with formula C6H8Cl2O2.
It is a hazardous chemical that evolves HCl when reacted with water. It should be handled with full protection under a fume hood.
Adipoyl chloride can be reacted with hexamethylene diamine, another toxic chemical, to form a perfectly safe product: nylon.
Aerobic organism

# Overview
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that has an oxygen based metabolism. Aerobes, in a process known as cellular respiration, use oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example sugars and fats) in order to obtain energy.
- Obligate aerobes require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration.
- Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen, but also have anaerobic methods of energy production.
- Microaerophiles are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations.
- Aerotolerant organisms can survive in the presence of oxygen, but they are anaerobic because they do not use it as a terminal electron acceptor.
A good example would be the oxidation of glucose (a monosaccharide) in aerobic respiration.
The energy released in this equation is about 2880 kJ per mol, which is conserved in regenerating 38 ATP from 38 ADP per glucose. This is a factor of 19 times more energy per sugar molecule than the typical anaerobic reaction generates.  Eukaryotic organisms (everything but bacteria) only get a net gain of 36 ATP regenerated from ADP in this process, due to an additional membrane that must be crossed by active transport.
Notice that oxygen is used during the oxidation of glucose and water is produced.
This equation is a summary of what actually happens in three series of biochemical reactions: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Almost all animals, most fungi, and several bacteria are obligate aerobes. Most anaerobic organisms are bacteria. Being an obligate aerobe, although being advantageous from the energetical point of view, means also obligatory facing high levels of oxidative stress.
Yeast is an example of a facultative aerobe. Individual human cells are also facultative aerobes: they switch to lactic acid fermentation if oxygen is not available. However, for the whole organism this cannot be sustained for long, and humans are therefore obligate aerobes.
Examples of Obligate Aerobic Bacteria: Nocardia (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast), and Bacillus (Gram-positive).
Affectional bond

# Overview
In psychology, the term affectional bond is a type of attachment behavior one individual has for another individual, typically a mother for her child, in which the two partners tend to remain in proximity to one another.  The term was coined and subsequently developed over the course of four decades, from the early 1940s to the late 1970s, by psychologist John Bowlby in his work on attachment theory.  The core of the term affectional bond, according to Bowlby, is the attraction one individual has for another individual.  The central features of the concept of affectional bonding can be traced to Bowlbys 1958 paper: the Nature of the Childs Tie to his Mother.

# Five criteria
Bowlby referred to attachment bonds as a specific type of a larger class of bonds that he and developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth described as "affectional" bonds. Ainsworth (1989) established five criteria for affectional bonds between individuals, and a sixth criterion for attachment bonds:
- An affectional bond is persistent, not transitory.
- An affectional bond involves a particular person who is not interchangeable with anyone else.
- An affectional bond involves a relationship that is emotionally significant.
- The individual wishes to maintain proximity or contact with the person with whom he or she has an affectional tie.
- The individual feels sadness or distress at involuntary separation from the person.
A true attachment bond, however, has an additional criterion: the person seeks security and comfort in the relationship.
Agastache rugosa
Agastache rugosa (Korean Mint, Blue Licorice, Purple Giant Hyssop, Huo xiang, Indian Mint, Patchouli Herb, Wrinkled Giant Hyssop; syn. Lophanthus rugosus Fisch. & Mey.) is a medicinal and ornamental plant in the Lamiaceae family. It is called huoxiang () in Chinese.
Huo Xiang  (Agastache seu-pogostemon)
- Part Used: 		Herb
- Main function: 	Transforms Wetness
- Thermal qual.: 	Slightly warm
- Taste:		Spicy
- Meridians Entered: Sp, St, Lu
- Functions: 
	- Aromatic, transforms Wetness of the Spleen. 
	- Harmonizes Middle Burner and stops vomiting . 
	- Relieves/disperses Exterior Wetness; used for Summer Heat and Wetness.
- Cautions: 
	- Contraindicated in Yin Deficiency with Heat and in Stomach Heat
- Dosage per Decoction: 
	- 3 - 12g  (contains volatile components, add in last 10 minutes of 1st simmering)
- Toxicity: 	
	- Relatively safe for long term use
- Phyto-chemicals:
	- Patchouli alcohol, patchouli pyridine, eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, pogostol
- Western Properties:
	- Stomachic, anti-emetic, anti-diarrhea, anti-pyretic, diaphoretic, anti-fungal, 
	  antibacterial (active against leptospira),  mild sedative, anti-spasmodic
- Notes:
	- Used for restlessness, anxiety, headache, nausea, bacterial/fungal dysbiosis, gas and angina
Aladin (protein)
Aladin, also known as adracalin, is a nuclear envelope protein that in humans is encoded by the AAAS gene. It is named after the achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome (triple A syndrome) which occurs when the gene is mutated.

# Function
Aladin  is a component of the nuclear pore complex, to which it is attached by nucleoporin NDC1.  Mutant aladin causes selective failure of nuclear protein import and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress.  Mutant aladin also causes decreased nuclear import of apraxin, a repair protein for single-strand breaks, and DNA ligase I, employed in DNA base excision repair. These decreases in DNA repair proteins may increase the susceptibility of cells to oxidative stress by allowing accumulation of oxidative DNA damages that trigger cell death.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in the AAAS gene are responsible for Triple A syndrome (also known as Allgrove Syndrome).  Triple-A syndrome is an autosomal recessive neuroendocrinological disease.
Aladin is also employed in specific oocyte meiotic stages, including spindle assembly and spindle positioning.   Female mice homozygously null for aladin are sterile.
Goldman equation

# Overview
The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz voltage equation, more commonly known as the Goldman equation is used in cell membrane physiology to determine the potential across a cell's membrane taking into account all of the ions that are permeant through that membrane.
The discoverers of this are David E. Goldman of Columbia University, and the English Nobel laureates Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Bernard Katz.

# The equation
The GHK voltage equation for N monovalent positive ionic species and M negative:
This results in the following if we consider a membrane separating two K_{x}Na_{1-x}Cl-solutions:
It is "Nernst-like" but has a term for each permeant ion. The Nernst equation can be considered a special case of the Goldman equation for only one ion:
- E_{m} = The membrane potential
- P_{ion} = the permeability for that ion
- _{out} = the extracellular concentration of that ion
- _{in} = the intracellular concentration of that ion
- R = The ideal gas constant
- T = The temperature in kelvins
- F = Faraday's constant
The first term, before the parenthesis, can be reduced to 61.5 log for calculations at human body temperature (37 C)
Note that the ionic charge determines the sign of the membrane potential contribution.
The usefulness of the GHK equation to electrophysiologists is that it allows one to calculate the predicted membrane potential for any set of specified permeabilities.  For example, if one wanted to calculate the resting potential of a cell, they would use the values of ion permeability that are present at rest (e.g. P_{K^{+}} >> P_{Na^{+}}).  If one wanted to calculate the peak voltage of an action potential, one would simply substitute the permeabilities that are present at that time (e.g. P_{Na^{+}} >> P_{K^{+}}).
Alaria esculenta
Alaria esculenta is an edible seaweed, also known as dabberlocks or badderlocks, or winged kelp. It is a traditional food along the coasts of the far north Atlantic Ocean. It may be eaten fresh or cooked in Greenland, Iceland, Scotland and Ireland.It is the one of twelve species of Alaria to occur in the British Isles.

# Description
Grows to a maximum length of 2 m. The frond consists of a distinct midrib with wavy membranous lamina up to 7 cm wide on either side. The frond is unbranched.  The frond tapers towards the end. The base has a short stipe arising from a rhizoidal holdfast. The stipe may bear several sporophylls, club-shaped and up to 20 cm long and 5 cm broad. The whole frond is brown.
It grows from a short cylindrical stipe attached to the rocks by a holdfast of branching root-like rhizoids, it grows to about 20 cm long. The stipe is continued into the frond forming a long conspicuous midrib without a mid-rib. The lamina is thin, membranous with a wavy margin.

# Distribution and ecology
Alaria esculenta is well known in the British Isles save the south and east of England.
It is a common large algae on shores where there is severe wave exposure attached to rocks just below low-watermark in the "Laminaria belt", and is common on rocky shores in exposed places.
Leaf-like sporophylls develop from the stipe and produce zoospores.

# World Distribution
Europe: Greenland, Iceland, Faroes, Norway, France, Helgoland, Netherlands. North America: Alaska, Labrador and Massachusetts.
Alfred Bannwarth
German neurologist, 1903-1970. Munich.  Credited for discovering cases of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis with facial nerve palsies, an early description of neuroborreliosis (now known as Lyme disease) and called Bannwarth's syndrome in his honor.

# Related bibliography
- Chronische lymphocytare Meningitis, entzundliche Polyneuritis und "Rheumatismus". Ein beitrag zum Problem "Allergie und Nervensystem". Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, Berlin, 1941, 113: 284-376.
- Zur Klinik und Pathogenese der "chronischen lymphocytaren Meningitis". Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, Berlin, 1944, 117: 161-185, 682-716.
Alpha-tubulin 3C
Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene.

# Function
Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species. This gene is an alpha tubulin gene that encodes a protein 99% to the mouse testis-specific Tuba3 and Tuba7 gene products. This gene is located in the 13q11 region, which is associated with the genetic diseases Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and Kabuki syndrome. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and two variants have been identified.

# Interactions
Alpha-tubulin 3C has been shown to interact with FYN and NMI.
Aluminium iodide
Aluminium iodide  is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine.  Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal.  As for the related chloride and bromide, AlI3 is a strong Lewis acid and should be protected from the atmosphere.

# Applications in organic synthesis
Aluminium iodide is employed to break certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and  deoxygenates epoxides.

# Aluminium(I) iodide
The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer.  In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the Al-I system, although composition AlI is unstable at room temperature with respect to the triiodide
An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with  triethylamine, AI4I4(NEt3)4.

# Safety
Hydrolysis aluminium triiodide will release some HI, which is corrosive.  Lewis acids are skin irritants.
Peptide sequence

# Overview
Peptide sequence or amino acid sequence is the order in which amino acid residues, connected by peptide bonds, lie in the chain in Peptides and Proteins.  The sequence is generally reported from the N-terminal end containing free amino group to the C-terminal end containing free carboxyl group.  Peptide sequence is often called protein sequence if it represents the primary structure of a protein.

# Sequence notation and applications
Many peptide sequences have been determined and recorded in sequence databases.  These databases may use various notations to describe the peptide sequence.  The full names of the amino acids are rarely given; instead, 3-letter or 1-letter abbreviations are usually recorded for conciseness.
Several deductions can be made from the sequence itself.  Long stretches of hydrophobic residues may indicate transmembrane helices.  These helices may indicate the peptide is a cell receptor.  Certain residues indicate a beta sheet area.  If full-length protein sequence is available, it is possible to estimate the isoelectric point of the protein.  Methods for determining the peptide sequence include deduction from DNA sequence, Edman degradation, and mass spectrometry.
Techniques in sequence analysis can be applied to learn more about the peptide.  These techniques generally consist of comparing the sequence to other sequences from sequence databases.  Other sequences may have already been studied and determined to be significant.  Findings about these sequences may be applicable to the sequence under investigation.
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate, ((NH4)2SO4), is an inorganic chemical compound commonly used as a fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen as ammonium ions and 24% sulfur as sulfate ions.

# Properties
Ammonium sulfate is not soluble in alcohol or liquid ammonia. The compound is slightly hygroscopic and absorbs water from the air at relative humidity > 81% (at ca. 20C).

# Synthesis
Ammonium sulfate is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Ammonium sulfate is prepared commercially from the ammoniacal liquor of gas-works and is purified by recrystallisation. It forms large rhombic prisms, has a somewhat saline taste and is easily soluble in water. The aqueous solution on boiling loses some ammonia and forms an acid sulfate.

# Uses
It is used largely as an artificial fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the sulfate ion is released and forms sulfuric acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil (as do other sulfate compounds such as aluminium sulfate), while contributing essential nitrogen for plant growth.
It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There it functions to bind iron and calcium cations that are present in both well water and plant cells. It is particularly effective as an adjuvant for 2,4-D (amine), glyphosate, and glufosinate herbicides.
It is also used in the preparation of other ammonium salts.
In biochemistry ammonium sulfate precipitation is a common method for purifying proteins.
Ammonium sulfate is also listed as an ingredient for many United States vaccines per the Center for Disease Control.
Ammonium sulfate is also a food additive.
Ampulla of Vater

# Overview
The ampulla of Vater, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct.  The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla.

# Function
Various smooth muscle sphincters regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla: the sphincter of the pancreatic duct, the sphincter of the bile duct, and the hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi).
The sphincter of Oddi controls the introduction of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum, as well as preventing the entry of duodenal contents into the Ampulla.

# Related disorders
Pancreatitis and cholecystitis can result from failure of pancreatic and biliary secretions to drain properly.  One possible cause of impaired drainage is blockage of the hepatopancreatic ampulla.  A common culprit to cause blockage is a gallstone in the common bile duct.  Ampullary stenosis can also be a possible cause.

# Eponym
The eponymical term "ampulla of Vater" is named after Abraham Vater (1684-1751), a German anatomist who first published a description of it in 1720.