Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Yanova esrog
The citron of Diamante as it is known in the botanical world, is mainly grown in the region of Calabria, province of Cosenza, at the south-western coast of Italy. That's why some people are calling it Calabria Esrog, which is the Hebrew name for the citron. However, by most religious Jews the variety is called Yanova Esrog, most probably because it used to be shipped to the Jewish centers in Europe via Genoa, a city and seaport in north Italy.
The Diamante variety goes back to the times of the Balei Tosfot, and is considered to be of oldest Ashkenazic tradition, for the Jewish ritual during the Feast of Tabernacles.
The citron in Calabria was celebrated by poets like Byron and D'Annunzio, but was only saved from extinction, thanks to the Jewish tradition.
While Calabria is at the southern point of Italy it is of hottest climate, it is the most suitable for the citron. However, during the winter it is still to cold for the citron, and this is why the farmers need to protect them with blue plastic covers. Most of the citron trees in the area are grafted onto foreign rootstock, to save them from freeze and all different illness. While this practice renders them to non-kosher, no citron is to be picked off for the ritual use, unless the tree is carefully inspected by a rabbi.
A Jewish delegation comes from Israel to Santa Maria del Cedro every year between July and August to choose the best fruit to be used in the most important holiday for the Jewish community. The selection of the best fruit is a virtual ritual. The rabbis, each followed by a peasant carrying a box and a pair of scissors, go to the citron farms at five in the morning. The rabbi proceeds slowly looking left and right. Then he stops and looks at the base of the tree, right where the trunk comes up from the ground. A smooth trunk means the tree has not been grafted and the fruit can be picked. The rabbi lies down on the ground to examine better the lower branches between the leaves. Once the good fruit is found, the rabbi shows it to the peasant who cuts it off leaving a piece of the stalk. Then the rabbi analyses the picked citron one more time and if he decides it is worthy he wraps it in oakum and puts it in the box. The farmer receives the agreed sum for each picked fruit. Then the boxes are sealed and sent to the Lamezia Terme airport with a final destination Tel Aviv. 
Seeds of inspected trees were planted in the Israeli village of Kefar Khabad, with certification by major kashrus organizations.
Yaupon Holly
Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria), also called Yaupon or Cassina (the latter shared with the Dahoon Holly), is an evergreen holly found in the southeast United States. It is a shrub or small tree reaching 5-8 m tall. The leaves are alternate, ovate to elliptical with an acute apex and crenate or finely serrated margin, 2-4.5 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, glossy dark green above, slightly paler below.
Yaupon flowers are white, with a four-lobed corolla. The fruit is a small round or red (occasionally yellow) berry 5-6 mm diameter containing four seeds.

## Cultivation and uses
Native Americans used the leaves and stems to brew a tea called Asi or Black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans incorrectly believed that it was the drink itself that caused it (hence the Latin name). The active ingredient is actually caffeine, and the vomiting was either learned or as a result of the great quantities in which they drank the beverage (Hudson, The Southeastern Indians, ISBN 0-87049-248-9).

# Further reading
- Gilman, Edward F. and Watson, Dennis G. Ilex vomitoria: Yaupon Holly  Fact Sheet ST-311 (November 1993), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida accessed at  June 19, 2006 End
Zanthi Fever
In the fictional Star Trek universe, Zanthi fever is a condition which targets the empathic abilities of mature Betazoids (in effect, those Betazoids of advancing years). It causes the Betazoid to project their own emotions onto others - but only in those individuals where a latent propensity for that emotion was present (for example, a Betazoid who was fearful of someone would project that emotional state, causing others in the vicinity to act upon their latent fears).

# Remedies for Zanthi Fever
The nature of Zanthi Fever is not known; also, there is no information on if there is a treatment to prevent the disease. However, inoculations of simple wide-spectrum anti-viral agents to the infected Betazoid is enough to cure the condition. Individuals who are influenced by the Betazoid's projections usially return to normal within a three- to four-day period.

# Recorded instances of Zanthi Fever
In 2371, during a visit to Deep Space 9 during the Bajoran Gratitude Festival, Lwaxana Troi projected her feelings for Odo onto several members of the station's population. As a result, Jake Sisko developed feelings for Major Kira Nerys, Vedek Bareil lusted for Lieutenant Jadzia Dax, Dax became attracted to Commander Benjamin Sisko, Doctor Julian Bashir coupled up with Major Kira, and Quark went for Keiko O'Brien. Chief Miles O'Brien and Constable Odo seemed immune to the effects.
These events transpired in the DS9 episode "Fascination".
Zinc sulfide

# Overview
Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide) is a chemical compound with the formula ZnS. Zinc sulfide is a white- to yellow-colored powder or crystal.  It is  typically encountered in the more stable cubic form, known also as the mineral  sphalerite.  The hexagonal form is also known both as a synthetic material and as the mineral  wurtzite.  Both sphalerite and wurtzite are intrinsic, wide-bandgap semiconductors.  The cubic form has a band gap of 3.54 eV at 300 K whereas the hexagonal form has a band gap of 3.91 eV.
A transition from the sphalerite form to the wurtzite form occurs at around 1293.15 K.  Sphalerite melts at 1991 K.  It has a standard enthalpy of formation of 204.6 kJ mol1 at 298 K.

# Applications
ZnS was used by Ernest Rutherford and others in the early years of nuclear physics as a scintillation detector, because it emits light on excitation by x-rays or electron beam, making it useful for x-ray screens and cathode ray tubes. It also exhibits phosphorescence due to impurities on illumination with blue or ultraviolet light.
Zinc sulfide, with addition of few ppm of suitable activator, is used as phosphor in many applications, from cathode ray tubes through x-ray screens to glow in the dark products. When silver is used as activator, the resulting color is bright blue, with maximum at 450 nm. Manganese yields an orange-red color at around 590 nm. Copper provides long glow time and the familiar glow-in-the-dark greenish color. Copper doped zinc sulfide (ZnS+Cu) is used also in electroluminescent panels.
Zinc sulfide is also used as an infrared optical material, transmitting from visible wavelengths to over 12 micrometres. It can be used planar as an optical window or shaped into a lens. It is made as microcrystalline sheets by the synthesis from H2S gas and zinc vapour and sold as FLIR (Forward Looking IR) grade ZnS a pale milky yellow visibly opaque form. This material when hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) can be converted to a water-clear form known as Cleartran (trademark). Early commercial forms were marketed as Irtran-2 but this designation is now obsolete.
It can be doped as both n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor, which is unusual for the II-VI semiconductors. ZnS is a covalently bonded solid.

# Production in lab
It is easily produced by mixing an amount of zinc and sulfur and then igniting it and as it extingushes zinc sulfide is obtained.  This can be a very dangerous process.
7+3 regimen

# Overview
"7+3" in the context of chemotherapy is an acronym for a chemotherapy regimen that is most often used today (as of 2014) as first-line induction therapy (to induce remission) in acute myelogenous leukemia, excluding the acute promyelocytic leukemia form, which is better treated with ATRA and/or arsenic trioxide and requires less chemotherapy (if requires it at all, which is not always the case).
The name "7+3" comes from the duration of chemotherapy course, which consists of 7 days of standard-dose cytarabine, and 3 days of an anthracycline antibiotic or an anthracenedione, most often daunorubicin (can be substituted for doxorubicin or idarubicin or mitoxantrone).

# Regimen

## Standard-dose cytarabine plus daunorubicin
77 days of Cytarabine
33 days of Daunorubicin

## Standard-dose cytarabine plus idarubicin
77 days of Cytarabine
33 days of Idarubicin

## Standard-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone
77 days of Cytarabine
33 days of Mitoxantrone

## Intensified versions
There were attempts to intensify the "7+3" regimen in order to try to improve its efficacy. Attempts were made to prolong the course (cytarabine for 10 days instead of 7, or daunorubicin/idarubicin for 45 days instead of 3).
On the other hand, there were attempts to minimize the toxicity of the regimen by reducing the dose or the duration of the course. But this proved to compromise the efficacy of the regimen.
The addition of vinca alkaloids (vincristine or vinblastine) to the "7+3" regimen, which addition was quite popular in AML in old times (when the biology of AML and the differences between AML and ALL was poorly understood) proved to be harmful in AML, lowering the chance of the patient to get remission. This is because vinca alkaloids are rapidly deactivated in myeloid cells by their enzyme myeloperoxidase. So the vinca alkaloids do much more damage to the lymphoid cell lines (including the T-cell lines responsible for antileukemic immunity) than to the myeloid cell lines. Moreover, vinca alkaloids in the context of AML cause AML cells to undergo a cell cycle arrest in the phase that renders those cells less sensitive to cytarabine and anthracyclines.
Addition of glucocorticoids (like prednisolone) or methotrexate or alkylating drugs (like cyclophosphamide or melphalan) to the "7+3" regimen is also of no benefit in AML.
The addition of etoposide to the standard "7+3" regimen is sometimes of benefit in poor-risk patients (many of which are primary refractory to standard "7+3" induction regimens). It gave rise to the so-called ADE (or DAE = DA + etoposide) induction regimen in AML. The ADE induction (unlike, say, combinations of 7+3 with vinca alkaloids or prednisolone) is still sometimes used, especially in poor-risk AML patients.
The addition of thioguanine gave rise to the DAT regimen, and the addition of 6-mercaptopurine gave rise to the DAM regimen.

# Indications
- Acute myelogenous leukemia, excluding the acute promyelocytic leukemia
AAMP (gene)
Angio-associated, migratory cell protein, also known as AAMP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the AAMP gene. This protein has been conserved in evolution and is so common to many mammals.  and it also has a yeast homolog which is the protein YCR072c.

# Localisation
The gene is located on the second human chromosome, near the end of the chromosome's arm (2q35), between the codons 85-87 and 1387-1389. It contains 6042 bp and 11 exons When transcribed, it gives a 1859 bp mRNA.
. The vascular endothelial growth factor is a promoting factor of the protein synthesis and localisation in the different parts of the cells.
The protein's expression is higher in the intracellular than in the extracellular space.

# Function
The gene product is an immunoglobulin-type protein of 434 amino acids and 49 kDa. It is found to be expressed strongly in the cytosol of endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, and poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma cells found in lymphatics and has been observed at the luminal edges of endometrial cells and in the extracellular environment of vascular-associated mesenchymal cells.
The protein contains a WD40 domain which permits multi-proteins complexes formation  and a heparin-binding domain which mediates heparin-sensitive cell adhesion.
AAMP helps to regulate vascular endothelial cell migration regulation and angiogenesis, with other signaling pathway like RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling. 
A malfunction can therefore lead to different diseases (see Associated diseases). For example, in the smooth muscle cells, if AAMP is overexpressed, it activates RhoA, which activates Rho-kinase (this one generates GTP) and it finally leads to increased smooth muscle cell migration and division, causing atherosclerosis and restenosis.

# Associated diseases
Note : In all these diseases we can observe the expression of the AAMP gene. This one can either remain stable, increase or decrease depending on the disease.
List of the diseases : gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (for this disease and the ductal carcinomas, the expression levels are to correlate with necrosis in situ), myeloid leukemia (chronic (CML) and acute (AML) forms), lymphoma, breast cancer, glial brain tumors, colon neoplasia, epidermoid carcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, pulmonary cancer, atherosclerosis, restenosis.
ABCD rating
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

# Overview
ABCD rating, also called the Jewett staging system or the Whitmore-Jewett staging system, is a staging system for prostate cancer that uses the letters A, B, C, and D.
- A and B refer to cancer that is confined to the prostate.
- C refers to cancer that has grown out of the prostate but has not spread to lymph nodes or other places in the body.
- D refers to cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or to other places in the body.
ABCD rating can also refer to a test for the warning signs of melanoma, usually found in moles.
- "A" Asymmetry
- "B" Border Irregularity
- "C" Color. If the patch is multi-colored, it may be melanoma.
- "D" Diameter. If the patch is wider than 6 millimeters, it may be melanoma.
ADNP (gene)
Activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADNP gene.

# Function
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.

# Clinical aspects
Mutations in ADNP cause                 autism            .
Amodiaquine

# Overview
Amodiaquine (trade names Camoquin, Flavoquine), a 4-aminoquinoline compound related to chloroquine, is used as an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Amodiaquine has been shown to be more effective than chloroquine in treating chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections and may afford more protection than chloroquine when used as weekly prophylaxis. Amodiaquine, like chloroquine, is generally well tolerated. Although licensed, this drug is not marketed in the United States, but is widely available in Africa. Its use, therefore, is probably more practicable in long-term visitors and persons who will reside in Africa.
Amodiaquine is a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

# Medical uses
Amodiaquine has become an important drug in the combination therapy for malaria treatment in Africa.

# Pharmacogenetics
It is bioactivated hepatically to its primary metabolite, N-desethylamodiaquine, by the cytochrome p450 enzyme CYP2C8. Among amodiaquine users, several rare but serious side effects have been reported and linked to variants in the CYP2C8 alleles. CYP2C8*1 is characterized as the wild-type allele, which shows an acceptable safety profile, while CYP2C8*2, *3 and *4 all show a range of poor metabolizer phenotypes. People who are poor metabolizers of amodiaquine display lower treatment efficacy against malaria, as well as increased toxicity. Several studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of CYP2C8 alleles amongst malaria patients in East Africa, and have tentatively shown the variant alleles have significant prevalence in that population. About 3.6% of the population studied showed high risk for a poor reaction to or reduced treatment outcomes when treated with amodiaquine. This information is useful in developing programs of pharmacovigilance in East Africa, and have important clinical considerations for prescribing antimalarial medications in regions with high CYP2C8 variant frequency.

## Cancer
Recent research suggests that amodiaquine targets malignant melanoma cells through induction of autophagic-lysosomal and proliferative blockade sensitizing cancer cells to starvation- and chemotherapy-induced cell death.
AMUSE score

# Overview
The AMUSE score includes clinical variables in addition to the results of a qualitative D-dimer test to evaluate the need to proceed with ultrasonography among patients with suspected DVT. The study of the AMUSE score was designed for the primary care setting.

# AMUSE Score
The AMUSE score includes clinical variables in addition to the results of a qualitative D-dimer test to evaluate the need to proceed with ultrasonography among patients with suspected DVT. The study of the AMUSE score was designed for the primary care setting.

# AMUSE Score Calculator
Shown below is the calculator for AMUSE score (check all the boxes that apply):
function calcScore(){
var score = 0;
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 6;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 2;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
if(document.forms.checked == 1){score += 1;}
document.forms.value = score;
if(score <= 3){document.forms.value = "Not high suspicion of DVT, should not proceed with ultrasonography";}
if(score >= 4){document.forms.value = "High suspicion of DVT, should proceed with ultrasonography";}

# Interpretation
The interpretation of the score is as follows:
- Score 3: Not high suspicion of DVT, should not proceed with ultrasonography
- Score 4: High suspicion of DVT, should proceed with ultrasonography

# Limitations of the AMUSE Score
- The study of the AMUSE score was not randomized.
- Follow up for the detection of missed thrombotic disease was based on clinical evaluation.
- Patient population is from the primary care setting.
Aquaporin 1
Aquaporin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP1 gene.
AQP1 is a widely expressed water channel, whose physiological function has been most thoroughly characterized in the kidney.  It is found in the basolateral and apical plasma membranes of the proximal tubules, the descending limb of the loop of Henle, and in the descending portion of the vasa recta.   Additionally, it is found in red blood cells, vascular endothelium, the gastrointestinal tract, sweat glands, and lungs.
It is not regulated by vasopressin (ADH).

# Function
Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). This gene encodes an aquaporin which functions as a molecular water channel protein. It is a homotetramer with 6 bilayer spanning domains and N-glycosylation sites. The protein physically resembles channel proteins and is abundant in erythrocytes and renal tubes. The gene encoding this aquaporin is a possible candidate for disorders involving imbalance in ocular fluid movement.
AT-10 resin

# Overview
AT-10 is a synthetic resin, mainly used in the manufacture of ultra-thin condoms. It has a higher strength in thinner sheets than other materials such as natural latex.
AT-10 is not stretchable, but does cling to skin to form a "wrap". It is well suited to condom manufacture as it:
- can be made into very thin sheets, circa 15 micrometres thick
- is hypoallergenic so does not have the potential to cause allergic reactions on contact with skin like natural latex
- allows body heat to pass through quickly
- is strong at relatively thin levels
- is non-porous
- does not degrade when exposed to common oils, such as oil based lubricants
AVERT Trial

# Objective
To compare the outcome of aggressive lipid lowering to that of angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease patients, relatively normal left ventricular function, asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate angina, and a serum level of LDL-C of at least 115 mg/dL who were referred for percutaneous revascularization.

# Methods
Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment (AVERT) trial was a randomized comparative study that enrolled 341 patients with stable CAD. All the patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either atorvastatin 80 mg per day or percutaneous revascularization procedure (angioplasty) followed by usual care. The follow-up period was 18 months.

# Results
At the end of follow-up period atorvastatin was associated with 36% lower incidence of ischemic events compared to angioplasty. Also, patients who received atorvastatin had a significantly longer time to the first ischemic event.

# Conclusion
Aggressive lipid lowering therapy with atorvastatin is at least as effective as angioplasty in reducing the incidence of ischemic events in low-risk patients with stable CAD.
Abel's test
In mathematics, Abel's test (also known as Abel's criterion) is a method of testing for the convergence of an infinite series. The test is named after mathematician Niels Abel. There are two slightly different versions of Abel's test  one is used with series of real numbers, and the other is used with power series in complex analysis.

# Abel's test in real analysis
Given two sequences of real numbers, \{a_n\} and \{b_n\}, if the sequences satisfy
-  \sum^{\infty}_{n=1}a_n  converges
- \lbrace b_n \rbrace\, is monotonic and \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} b_n \ne \infty
then the series
converges.

# Abel's test in complex analysis
A closely related convergence test, also known as Abel's test, can often be used to establish the convergence of a power series on the boundary of its circle of convergence. Specifically, Abel's test states that if
\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_n = 0\,
and the series
f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^n\,
converges when |z|  1, and the coefficients {an} are positive real numbers decreasing monotonically toward the limit zero for n > m (for large enough n, in other words), then the power series for f(z) converges everywhere on the unit circle, except when z = 1. Abel's test cannot be applied when z = 1, so convergence at that single point must be investigated separately. Notice that Abel's test can also be applied to a power series with radius of convergence R = 1 by a simple change of variables  = z/R.
Proof of Abel's test: Suppose that z is a point on the unit circle, z = 1. Then
z = e^{i\theta} \quad\Rightarrow\quad z^{\frac{1}{2}} - z^{-\frac{1}{2}} = 
2i\sin{\textstyle \frac{\theta}{2}} \ne 0
so that, for any two positive integers p > q > m, we can write
\begin{align}
2i\sin{\textstyle \frac{\theta}{2}}\left(S_p - S_q\right) & = 
\sum_{n=q+1}^p a_n \left(z^{n+\frac{1}{2}} - z^{n-\frac{1}{2}}\right)\\
& = \left -
a_{q+1}z^{q+\frac{1}{2}} + a_pz^{p+\frac{1}{2}}\,
\end{align}
where Sp and Sq are partial sums:
S_p = \sum_{n=0}^p a_nz^n.\,
But now, since |z| = 1 and the an are monotonically decreasing positive real numbers when n > m, we can also write
\begin{align}
\left| 2i\sin{\textstyle \frac{\theta}{2}}\left(S_p - S_q\right)\right| & = 
\left| \sum_{n=q+1}^p a_n \left(z^{n+\frac{1}{2}} - z^{n-\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right| \\
& \le \left +
\left| a_{q+1}z^{q+\frac{1}{2}}\right| + \left| a_pz^{p+\frac{1}{2}}\right| \\
& = \left +a_{q+1} + a_p \\
& = a_{q+1} - a_p + a_{q+1} + a_p = 2a_{q+1}\,
\end{align}
Now we can apply Cauchy's criterion to conclude that the power series for f(z) converges at the chosen point z = 1, because sin(12) = 0 is a fixed quantity, and aq+1 can be made smaller than any given  > 0 by choosing a large enough q.