Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
General Wellness: 
Policy for Low Risk Devices
 
Guidance for Industry and 
Food and Drug Administration Staff 
Document issued on September 27, 2019. 
Document originally issued on July 29, 2016. 
For questions about this document, contact the Division of Digital Health by e-mail at 
digitalhealth@fda.hhs.gov. 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 
Food and Drug Administration 
Center for Devices and Radiological Health  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Preface 
Public Comment 
You may submit electronic comments and suggestions at any time for Agency consideration 
to https://www.regulations.gov. Submit written comments to the Dockets Management Staff, 
Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Room 1061, (HFA-305), Rockville, MD 
20852. 
Identify all comments with the docket number FDA-2014-N-1039. Comments may not be 
acted upon by the Agency until the document is next revised or updated. 
Additional Copies 
Additional copies are available from the Internet. You may also send an e-mail request to 
CDRH-Guidance@fda.hhs.gov to receive a copy of the guidance. Please use the document 
number 1300013 and complete title of the guidance in the request.  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Table of Contents 
I.  Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 
II.  Policy on Low Risk General Wellness Products ............................................................... 2 
III.  General Wellness Products ................................................................................................ 3 
IV.  Determining Risk for General Wellness Products ............................................................ 5 
V.  Examples of General Wellness Products that Are Not Medical Devices and Examples of 
General Wellness Products that Are Medical Devices for which FDA Does Not Intend to 
Enforce Requirements ............................................................................................................... 6 
VI.  Determining whether General Wellness Products are within Scope of the Guidance ...... 8  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
General Wellness: 
Policy for Low Risk Devices 
Guidance for Industry and 
Food and Drug Administration Staff 
This guidance represents the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or 
Agency) on this topic.  It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or 
the public.  You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable 
statutes and regulations.  To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff or Office 
responsible for this guidance as listed on the title page. 
I.  Introduction 
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing this guidance document to provide 
clarity to industry and FDA staff on the Center for Devices and Radiological Healths 
(CDRHs) compliance policy for low risk products that promote a healthy lifestyle (general 
wellness products).1 This guidance does not apply to products (e.g., drugs, biologics, dietary 
supplements, foods, or cosmetics) regulated by other FDA Centers or to combination 
products.2
Section 3060(a) of the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act) amended section 520 of the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) on December 13, 2016, removing 
certain software functions, including those intended for maintaining or encouraging a healthy 
lifestyle that are unrelated to the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, prevention, or treatment of a 
disease or condition, from the definition of device in section 201(h) of the FD&C Act. 
Section 520(o)(1)(B) of the FD&C Act, states that software that is intended for maintaining 
or encouraging a healthy lifestyle and is unrelated to the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, 
prevention, or treatment of a disease or condition is not a device under section 201(h) of the 
FD&C Act. 
                                                
1 This guidance does not change or rescind any requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
(FD&C Act) or any applicable regulations. This guidance also does not preclude FDA from consulting with the 
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as to whether a general wellness product is a consumer product 
under CPSCs authority or a device. FDA may coordinate with other agencies and authorities, such as the 
CPSC, to determine jurisdiction over products. If a product is a device under section 201(h) of the FD&C Act, it 
is generally excluded from CPSCs authority over consumer products under the Consumer Product Safety Act 
(15 U.S.C.  2052(a)(5)(ii)(H)). However, CPSC and FDA may both have jurisdiction over certain medical 
devices under other statutory authorities the CPSC administers. 
2 For determinations on combination products, contact the Office of Combination Products at 
combination@fda.gov. See 21 CFR 3.2(e) for the definition of a combination product. 
1  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
This guidance clarifies FDAs interpretation of this provision and its application to general 
wellness products. 
FDA's guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable 
responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the Agencys current thinking on a topic and 
should be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory 
requirements are cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidance means that 
something is suggested or recommended, but not required.  
II.  Policy on Low Risk General Wellness Products 
CDRH does not intend to examine low risk general wellness products to determine whether 
they are devices3 within the meaning of the FD&C Act or, if they are devices, whether they 
comply with the premarket review and post-market regulatory requirements for devices 
under the FD&C Act and implementing regulations, including, but not limited to: registration 
and listing and premarket notification requirements (21 CFR Part 807); labeling requirements 
(21 CFR Part 801 and 21 CFR 809.10); good manufacturing practice requirements as set 
forth in the Quality System regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and Medical Device Reporting 
(MDR) requirements (21 CFR Part 803). 
For purposes of this guidance, CDRH defines general wellness products as products that 
meet the following two factors: (1) are intended for only general wellness use, as defined in 
this guidance, and (2) present a low risk to the safety of users and other persons. General 
wellness products may include exercise equipment, audio recordings, video games, software 
programs4 and other products that are commonly, though not exclusively, available from 
retail establishments (including online retailers and distributors that offer software to be 
directly downloaded), when consistent with the two factors above. 
CDRH regularly receives inquiries about whether particular products are devices as defined 
by the FD&C Act. There are instances where certain general wellness products, as discussed 
in this guidance, do not meet the definition of a device under section 201(h) of the FD&C 
Act and therefore are not subject to the FD&C Acts regulatory requirements for devices.  
Additionally, section 520(o)(1)(B) of the FD&C Act excludes software functions that are 
intended for maintaining or encouraging a healthy lifestyle and are unrelated to the diagnosis, 
cure, mitigation, prevention, or treatment of a disease or condition from the definition of 
                                                
3 The term device is defined in 201(h) of the FD&C Act to include an instrument, apparatus, implement, 
machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, including any component, 
part, or accessory, which is ...intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, 
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, in man ... or intended to affect the structure or any function of 
the body of man... and does not include software functions excluded pursuant to section 520(o) of the FD&C 
Act. 
4 For more discussion regarding FDAs regulatory approach towards certain device software functions and 
mobile medical applications, see the FDA Guidance: Policy for Device Software Functions and Mobile Medical 
Applications, available at https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/policy-
device-software-functions-and-mobile-medical-applications. 
2 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
device in section 201(h) of the FD&C Act5 We have included examples of products below 
.
that meet the definition of general wellness products to help illustrate the concepts in the 
guidance. 
A product's inclusion under the general wellness policy in this guidance does not establish 
that it has been shown to be safe and/or effective for its intended use. 
III.  General Wellness Products 
A general wellness product, for the purposes of this guidance, has (1) an intended use that 
relates to maintaining or encouraging a general state of health or a healthy activity, or (2) an 
intended use that relates the role of healthy lifestyle with helping to reduce the risk or impact 
of certain chronic diseases or conditions and where it is well understood and accepted that 
healthy lifestyle choices may play an important role in health outcomes for the disease or 
condition. 
If the products intended uses are not limited to the above general wellness intended uses, 
this guidance does not apply. 
The first category of general wellness intended uses involve claims about sustaining or 
offering general improvement to functions associated with a general state of health that do 
not make any reference to diseases or conditions. For the purposes of this guidance, this 
first category of general wellness claims relate to: 
  weight management, 
  physical fitness, including products intended for recreational use, 
  relaxation or stress management, 
  mental acuity, 
  self-esteem (e.g., devices with a cosmetic function that make claims related only to 
self-esteem), 
  sleep management, or 
  sexual function. 
The following are examples of this category of general wellness claims: 
  Claims to promote or maintain a healthy weight, encourage healthy eating, or assist 
with weight loss goals; 
  Claims to promote relaxation or manage stress; 
  Claims to increase, improve, or enhance the flow of qi energy; 
  Claims to improve mental acuity, instruction following, concentration, problem-
solving, multitasking, resource management, decision-making, logic, pattern 
recognition, or eye-hand coordination; 
                                                
5 Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the authority of the [FDA] to (A) exercise 
enforcement discretion as to any device subject to regulation under this Act . . . (section 520(o)(4) of the 
FD&C Act). 
3 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
  Claims to enhance learning capacity; 
  Claims to promote physical fitness, such as to help log, track, or trend exercise 
activity, measure aerobic fitness, improve physical fitness, develop or improve 
endurance, strength or coordination, or improve energy (e.g., fitness or activity 
trackers); 
  Claims to promote sleep management, such as to track sleep trends; 
  Claims to promote self-esteem, such as to boost self-esteem; 
  Claims that address a specific body structure or function, such as to increase or 
improve muscle size or body tone, tone or firm the body or muscle, or enhance or 
improve sexual performance; 
  Claims to improve general mobility or to assist individuals who are mobility impaired 
in a recreational activity (e.g., sport wheelchairs, beach access wheelchairs); and 
  Claims to enhance an individuals participation in recreational activities by 
monitoring the consequences of participating in such activities, such as to monitor 
heart rate or monitor frequency or impact of collisions. 
The following are examples of claims that do not fall into this category of general wellness 
claims: 
  A claim that a product will treat or diagnose obesity; 
  A claim that a product will treat an eating disorder, such as anorexia; 
  A claim that a product helps treat an anxiety disorder; 
  A claim that a computer game will diagnose or treat autism; 
  A claim that a product will treat muscle atrophy or erectile dysfunction; and 
  A claim to restore a structure or function impaired due to a disease or condition, e.g., 
a claim that a prosthetic device enables amputees to walk.6
The second category of general wellness intended uses relate to sustaining or offering general 
improvement to functions associated with a general state of health while making reference 
to diseases or conditions. For the purposes of this guidance, this second category of general 
wellness claims is comprised of two subcategories: 
1)  intended uses to promote, track, and/or encourage choice(s), which, as part of a 
healthy lifestyle, may help to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases or 
conditions; and 
2)  intended uses to promote, track, and/or encourage choice(s) which, as part of a 
healthy lifestyle, may help living well with certain chronic diseases or conditions. 
Both subcategories of disease-related general wellness claims should only be based on 
references where it is well understood that healthy lifestyle choices may reduce the risk or 
                                                
6 Products intended to restore a structure or function impaired due to a disease might be regulated by FDA as 
devices. For example, an artificial limb prosthesis intended to provide disabled persons the ability to walk might 
be regulated under 21 CFR 890.3420 or 21 CFR 890.3500. 
4 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
impact of a chronic disease or medical condition. That is, the claim that the healthy lifestyle 
choice(s) may play an important role in health outcomes should be generally accepted; such 
associations are described in peer-reviewed scientific publications or official statements 
made by healthcare professional organizations.7 Examples of chronic diseases for which a 
healthy lifestyle is associated with risk reduction or help in living well with that disease 
include heart disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. 
The following are examples of this category of disease-related general wellness claims: 
  Software Product U coaches breathing techniques and relaxation skills, which, as part 
of a healthy lifestyle, may help living well with migraine headaches. 
  Software Product V tracks and records your sleep, work and exercise routine which, 
as part of a healthy lifestyle, may help living well with anxiety. 
  Product W promotes making healthy lifestyle choices such as getting enough sleep, 
eating a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight, which may help living well 
with type 2 diabetes. 
  Product X promotes physical activity, which, as part of a healthy lifestyle, may help 
reduce the risk of high blood pressure. 
  Software Product Y tracks your caloric intake and helps you manage a healthy eating 
plan to maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet. Healthy weight and balanced diet 
may help living well with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. 
  Product Z tracks activity sleep patterns and promotes healthy sleep habits, which, as 
part of a healthy lifestyle, may help reduce the risk for developing type 2 diabetes. 
IV.  Determining Risk for General Wellness Products 
CDRHs general wellness policy applies only to general wellness products that are low risk.8
If the answer to any of the following questions is YES, the product is not low risk and is not 
covered by this guidance. 
1)  Is the product invasive9? 
2)  Is the product implanted? 
3)  Does the product involve an intervention or technology that may pose a risk to the 
safety of users and other persons if specific regulatory controls are not applied, such 
as risks from lasers or radiation exposure? 
In assessing whether a product is low risk for purposes of this guidance, FDA recommends 
that you also consider whether CDRH actively regulates products of the same type as the 
                                                
7 By organizations we mean associations and colleges such as American Medical Association (AMA), 
American Heart Association (AHA), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), American 
College of Rheumatology, etc. 
8 Whether a device is classified as class I under section 513(a)(1) of the FD&C Act does not necessarily mean 
that it is low risk for purposes of this guidance. 
9 For purposes of this guidance, invasive means penetrates or pierces the skin or mucous membranes of the 
body. 
5 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
product in question. For example, CDRH actively regulates external penile rigidity devices, 
which are devices intended to create or maintain sufficient penile rigidity for sexual 
intercourse, under 21 CFR 876.5020 as class II devices exempt from premarket notification 
with special controls. The special controls for these devices address risks to health that are 
associated with the use of these devices, including, without limitation, tissue injury, trauma 
or infection.10 Therefore, these types of devices would not be considered low risk general 
wellness products. 
The following are examples of products that would not be considered low risk as described 
in this guidance: 
  Sunlamp products promoted for tanning purposes, due to risks to a users safety from 
the ultraviolet radiation, including, without limitation, an increased risk of skin 
cancer.11
  Implants promoted for improved self-image or enhanced sexual function. Implants 
pose risks to users such as rupture or adverse reaction to implant materials and risks 
associated with the implantation procedure. 
  A laser product that claims to improve confidence in users appearance by 
rejuvenating the skin. Although the claims of rejuvenating the skin and improving 
confidence in users appearance are general wellness claims, laser technology 
presents risks of skin and eye burns. 
  A neurostimulation product that claims to improve memory, due to the risks to a 
users safety from electrical stimulation. 
  A product that claims to enhance a users athletic performance by providing 
suggestions based on the results of relative lactic acid testing, when the product uses 
venipuncture to obtain the blood samples needed for testing. Such a product is not 
low risk because it is invasive (e.g., obtains blood samples by piercing the skin) and 
also because the product involves an intervention that may pose a risk to the safety of 
the user and other persons if specific regulatory controls are not applied (e.g., 
venipuncture may pose a risk of infection transmission). 
V.  Examples of General Wellness Products that Are Not 
Medical Devices and Examples of General Wellness 
Products that Are Medical Devices for which FDA Does 
Not Intend to Enforce Requirements 
                                                
10 See the FDA Guidance: Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: External Penile Rigidity Devices, 
issued on December 28, 2004, available at https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-
documents/class-ii-special-controls-guidance-document-external-penile-rigidity-devices-guidance-industry-and. 
11 See Final Order reclassifying UV lamps intended to tan the skin from class I exempt from premarket 
notification to class II (special controls): General and Plastic Surgery Devices: Reclassification of Ultraviolet 
Lamps for Tanning, Henceforth To Be Known as Sunlamp Products and Ultraviolet Lamps Intended for Use in 
Sunlamp Products, available at https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/06/02/2014-12546/general-and-
plastic-surgery-devices-reclassification-of-ultraviolet-lamps-for-tanning-henceforth-to. 
6 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Illustrative Example 1: A software function plays music to soothe and relax an individual 
and to manage stress. Such a software function is not a device function. 
This software function has claims that relate only to relaxation or stress management, 
not to any disease or medical condition, and thus are general wellness claims. In 
addition, the technology to play music does not pose a risk to the safety of users and 
other persons if specific regulatory controls are not applied. Therefore, this product 
meets both factors for a low risk general wellness product. 
Illustrative Example 2: A software function that solely monitors and records daily energy 
expenditure and cardiovascular workout activities to allow awareness of ones exercise 
activities to improve or maintain good cardiovascular health. Such a software function is not 
a device function. 
This software function has a claim that relates to a specific organ only in the context 
of general health and does not refer to a disease or medical condition. In addition, 
although the monitoring or recording of exercise activities present risks (such as 
inaccuracy), when made in the absence of disease or medical condition claims, the 
technology does not pose a risk to the safety of users and other persons if specific 
regulatory controls are not applied. Therefore, this product meets both factors for a 
low risk general wellness product. 
Illustrative Example 3: A software function monitors and records food consumption to 
manage dietary activity for weight management and alert the user, healthcare provider, or 
family member of unhealthy dietary activity. Such a software function is not a device 
function. 
This software function has a claim that relates to dietary choices and weight 
management, and thus is a general wellness claim. In addition, the technology for 
monitoring or recording food consumption does not pose a risk to the safety of users 
and other persons if specific regulatory controls are not applied. Therefore, this 
product meets both factors for a low risk general wellness product. 
Illustrative Example 4: A software function that reminds users to keep exposed skin out of 
direct sunlight when the UV index is high, which, as part of a healthy lifestyle, may help 
reduce the risk of skin cancer. 
This claim relates to tracking preventive measures which, as part of a healthy 
lifestyle, may help reduce the risk of a medical condition. The claim is for a healthy 
lifestyle choice and it is generally accepted that the choice may play an important role 
in health outcomes. Thus, it is a general wellness claim. In addition, the technology 
reminding users to keep exposed skin out of direct sunlight does not pose a risk to the 
safety of users and other persons if specific regulatory controls are not applied. 
Therefore, this product meets both factors for a low risk general wellness product. 
7 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Illustrative Example 5: A portable product that is intended to monitor the pulse rate of users 
during exercise and hiking. 
This claim relates only to exercise and hiking and does not refer to a disease or 
medical condition. Thus, it is a general wellness claim. In addition, the technology for 
monitoring pulse rate does not pose a risk to the safety of users and other persons if 
specific regulatory controls are not applied. Therefore, this product meets both factors 
for a low risk general wellness product. 
Illustrative Example 6: A product is intended to mechanically exfoliate the face, hands and 
feet to make the skin smoother and softer. The product cannot be used in a manner that 
penetrates or pierces the skin. 
This claim relates to self-esteem and does not refer to a specific disease or medical 
condition, and thus is a general wellness claim. In addition, the product is noninvasive 
as it does not penetrate the stratum corneum and the technology for exfoliating the 
face does not pose a risk to the safety of users and other persons if specific regulatory 
controls are not applied. Therefore, this product meets both factors for a low risk 
general wellness product. 
Note: However, if the product is intended to exfoliate the skin in order to enhance the 
delivery of a topically applied product containing one or more active pharmaceutical 
ingredients through the stratum corneum, the product would be invasive. Therefore, 
the product would not be a low risk general wellness product. 
VI.  Determining whether General Wellness Products are 
within Scope of the Guidance 
The following questions reflect the framework described in this guidance to determine 
whether general wellness products are within the scope of the guidance. Please note that 
these questions are intended to be addressed in the context of the full text of the guidance. 
A1.   Does the product have an intended use that relates to maintaining or encouraging 
a general state of health or a healthy activity? 
Does the product only involve claims about sustaining or offering general improvement 
to functions associated with a general state of health that do not make any reference to 
diseases or conditions? Claims in this category include: weight management, physical 
fitness, relaxation or stress management, mental acuity, self-esteem, sleep management, 
or sexual function. 
YES a Go to A3. 
NO a Go to A2. 
8 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
A2.   Does the product have an intended use that relates the role of healthy lifestyle with 
helping to reduce the risk or impact of certain chronic diseases or conditions? (In 
answering this question, the following two questions must be considered together.) 
a)  Does the product have an intended use that relates to sustaining or offering general 
improvement to functions associated with a general state of health while making 
reference to diseases or conditions, and where it is well understood and accepted that 
healthy lifestyle choices may play an important role in health outcomes for the 
disease or condition? 
AND 
b)  Is the relation between healthy lifestyle and disease specifically expressed as may 
help to reduce the risk of, or may help living well with, a chronic disease or 
condition? 
YES a Go to A3. Both questions A2(a) and A2(b) must be answered Yes in 
order to proceed to question A3. 
NO a Product is NOT a low risk general wellness product, and is outside the 
scope of this guidance. 
A3.   Is the product low risk? 
Is the product not invasive, and not implanted, and does not involve a technology that 
may pose a risk to the safety of users or other persons if specific regulatory controls are 
not applied, such as risks from lasers or radiation exposure? In answering this question, 
consider whether CDRH actively regulates products of the same type as the product in 
question. 
YES a The product is likely a general wellness product within the scope of 
this guidance, but the factors and examples in the guidance should 
be reviewed to confirm the status of the product. 
NO a Product is NOT a low risk general wellness product, and is outside the 
scope of this guidance. 
9