Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
 
Reference Amounts Customarily 
Consumed: List of Products for Each 
Product Category:   
Guidance for Industry  
 
 
Additional copies are available from  
Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling 
Nutrition Programs Staff HFS-830 
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition 
5001 Campus Drive 
College Park, MD 20740 
240-402-1450 
http://www.fda.gov/FoodGuidances 
 
 
You may submit electronic or written comments regarding this guidance at any time.  Submit 
electronic comments to https://www/regulations.gov.  Submit written comments to the Dockets 
Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, 
Rockville, MD 20852.  All comments should be identified with the docket number [FDA-2016-
D-4098] listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 
Food and Drug Administration 
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition 
 
 February 2018 
    Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Table of Contents  
 
 
 
I. Introduction
   
II. Background
   
III. Specific Food Product Examples: Tables 1 and 2
   
 
 
 
  2  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
  
Reference Amounts Customarily 
Consumed:  List of Products for Each 
Product Category:  
Guidance for Industry1 
 
 
This guidance represents the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) 
on this topic.  It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the 
public.  You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable 
statutes and regulations.  To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible 
for this guidance as listed on the title page.   
 
 
 
 
I.  Introduction 
The purpose of this guidance is to provide examples of products that belong in each of the 
product categories included in the tables of Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed 
(RACCs) per Eating Occasion established in 21 CFR 101.12(b).  This guidance will help 
industry identify the product category to which specific products belong, but is not meant to 
provide an all-inclusive list of products that are available on the market for each product 
category.  
 
FDA's guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable 
responsibilities.  Instead, guidances describe our current thinking on a topic and should be 
viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited.  
The use of the word should in FDA guidances means that something is suggested or 
recommended, but not required.  
 
                                                 
1 This guidance has been prepared by the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Nutrition Programs Staff in the 
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.   
  3  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
II.  Background  
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) gives us the authority to require 
nutrition labeling on most packaged foods we regulate.  Specifically, section 403(q)(1)(A)(i) of 
the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 343(q)(1)(A)(i)) requires, with certain exceptions, that food that is 
intended for human consumption and offered for sale bear nutrition information that provides a 
serving size that reflects the amount of food customarily consumed and is expressed in a 
common household measure that is appropriate to the food.  Our regulations, at 21 CFR 
101.12(b), establish RACCs for specified product categories that manufacturers can use to 
determine the required label serving size.  In a final rule published in the Federal Register of 
May 27, 2016, Food Labeling: Serving Sizes of Foods That Can Reasonably Be Consumed At 
One Eating Occasion; Dual-Column Labeling; Updating, Modifying, and Establishing Certain 
Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed; Serving Size for Breath Mints; and Technical 
Amendments (81 FR 34000; 2016 final rule), we amended 21 CFR 101.12(b) to update or 
modify certain pre-existing RACCs and to establish RACCs for new product categories.   
 
To comply with the requirements of section 403(q)(1)(A)(i) of the FD&C Act, food 
manufacturers should determine the food category into which specific products belong and label 
the food products with the appropriate label serving size based on the reference amount of the 
product customarily consumed.2  Food product categories are listed in the RACC tables in 21 
CFR 101.12(b).  The categories in the RACC tables are generally considered to be broad 
descriptions of the types of products that are assigned to the applicable RACC.  This guidance 
provides additional examples of products that belong in each of the product categories for which 
a RACC has been established in 21 CFR 101.12(b).  The tables in this guidance are not meant to 
be an all-inclusive list of products that are available on the market for each product category.3  
   
III.  Specific Food Product Examples: Tables 1 and 2  
The RACCs established in 21 CFR 101.12(b) are divided into two tables: one for infants and 
young children 1 through 3 years of age (table 1),4 and another for the general food supply (i.e., 
individuals four years of age and older) (table 2).  Both tables in 21 CFR 101.12(b) provide three 
columns of information: (1) The name of the product categories; (2) the relevant RACCs as 
determined by FDA; and (3) appropriate label statements, which are meant to provide examples 
of serving size statements that may be used on the label.  For purposes of this guidance, a fourth 
column has been added that contains examples of products that fall within each product category.   
 
 
                                                 
2 Other relevant factors in determining label serving size are set forth in 21 CFR 101.9, 101.12, and 101.36.   
3 To the extent that you do not believe that a product you market fits under one of the existing product categories in 
the tables under 21 CFR 101.12(b), we recommend that you contact FDA to discuss an appropriate RACC for your 
product.   
4 The term infant refers to a person described as either through or up to 12 months of age.  The term young 
children refers to children 1 through 3 years of age and is often used synonymously with toddlers.  
  4  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Table 1. Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed Per Eating Occasion and Associated Examples of Products:  Foods for Infants and 
Young Children 1 Through 3 Years of Age 1 2 3   
 
 
       
PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Cereals, dry instant  15 g  _ cup (_ g)  All dry instant5 cereals, regular and high protein, with or without fruit, including those 
  which have been specially formulated or processed for use by infants up to 12 months 
of age. 
 
       
Cereals, prepared, ready-to-serve  110 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All ready-to-serve6 (e.g., prepared and jarred) cereals, regular and high protein, with or 
without fruit, including those which have been specially formulated or processed for 
use by infants up to 12 months of age. 
 
       
Other cereal and grain products,  7 g for infants  _ cup(s) (_ g) for ready-to-eat  Teething biscuits, cookies, pretzels, toasts, zwieback, and any other similar cereal-grain 
dry ready-to-eat, e.g., ready-to- and 20 g for  cereals; _ piece(s) (_ g) for  products; ready-to-eat6 cereals which have been specially formulated or processed for 
eat cereals, cookies, teething  young children  others  use by infants and/or  young children one through three years of age. 
biscuits, and toasts  (1 through 3   
years of age) for 
ready-to-eat 
cereals; 7 g for 
all others 
 
       
Dinners, deserts,7 fruits,  15 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)  Dry instant dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables, and soups (e.g., macaroni and cheese 
vegetables or soups, dry mix  dinner mixes, cobbler mixes, pudding mixes, fruit mixes, carrots with rice mixes). 
 
       
Dinners, desserts, fruits,  110 g  _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables, and 
vegetables or soups, ready-to- (mL)  soups which have been specially formulated or processed for use by older infants.  
serve, junior type   Products included in this category are often labeled as junior, with descriptive terms 
indicating that the product is intended for use by older infants. 
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  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
       
PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Dinners, desserts, fruits,  110 g  _ cup(s) (_ g); cup(s) (_ mL)  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables, and 
vegetables or soups, ready-to- soups which have been specially formulated or processed for use by younger infants.  
serve, strained type   Products included in this category are often labeled as strained or bear other 
descriptive terms which indicate that the product is intended for use by younger infants.  
This product category also includes products of this type labeled as baby food or not 
specified as to the target age of the infants. 
 
       
Dinners, stews or soups for  170 g  _ cup(s) (_ g); cup(s) (_ mL)  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) dinners, stews, and soups which have been 
young children, ready-to-serve  specially formulated or processed for consumption by young children one through three 
years of age.  Products included in this category include products labeled as toddler 
and any other descriptive terms which indicate that the product is specially formulated 
or processed for use by young children.  
 
       
Fruits for young children, ready- 125 g  _cup(s) (_ g)  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) fruits which have been specially formulated 
to-serve  or processed for consumption by young children one through three years of age.  
Products included in this category include products labeled as toddler or finger 
foods, and any other descriptive terms which indicate that the product is specially 
formulated or processed for use by young children. 
 
       
Vegetables for young children,  70 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) vegetables which have been specially 
ready-to-serve  formulated or processed for consumption by young children one through three years of 
  age.  Products included in this category include products labeled as toddler, or finger 
foods, and any other descriptive terms which indicate that the product is specially 
formulated or processed for use by young children. 
 
       
Eggs/egg yolks, ready-to-serve  55 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  Ready-to-serve (e.g., prepared and jarred) products whose major ingredient is eggs or 
egg yolks. 
 
       
Juices, all varieties  120 mL  4 fl oz (120 mL)  All juices, juice blend, juice drink, nectar, and punch that are marketed to infants. 
 
6 
  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
1 These values represent the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion and were primarily derived from the 1977-1978 and the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys 
conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  We further considered data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 conducted by the 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  
2 Unless otherwise noted in the reference amount column, the reference amounts are for the ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form of the product (e.g., heat and serve, brown and serve).  If not 
listed separately, the reference amount for the unprepared form (e.g., dry mixes, concentrates, dough, batter, fresh and frozen pasta) is the amount required to make the reference amount of the 
prepared form.  Prepared means prepared for consumption (e.g., cooked).  
3 Manufacturers are required to convert the reference amount to the label serving size in a household measure most appropriate to their specific product using the procedures in 21 CFR 101.9(b). 
4 The label statements are meant to provide examples of serving size statements that may be used on the label, but the specific wording may be changed as appropriate for individual products.  The 
term piece is used as a generic description of a discrete unit.  Manufacturers should use the description of a unit that is most appropriate for the specific product (e.g., sandwich for sandwiches, 
cookie for cookies, and bar for frozen novelties). 
5 Dry instant product requires addition of water or liquid to reconstitute to an edible state. 
6 Ready-to-serve/ready-to-eat products requires minimum heating or minimum preparation to be at the edible state. 
7 This typographical error is reflected in the 2016 final rule and in the applicable regulation at 21 CFR 101.12(b).  However, this product category should read desserts, rather than deserts. 
   
7 
  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Table 2. Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed Per Eating Occasion and Associated Examples of Products:  General Food Supply 1 2 3 
 
       
PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
BAKERY PRODUCTS: 
 
       
Bagels, toaster pastries, muffins  110 g  ___ piece(s) (_ g)  All sizes and flavors of bagels (e.g., blueberry, whole wheat, multigrain, mini); toaster 
(excluding English muffins)   pastries with or without fillings or frosting (e.g., strawberry-filling toaster pastry); 
muffins, with or without fruits, vegetables or toppings (e.g., cranberry muffin, chocolate 
chip muffin, corn muffin), but excluding English muffins.  
 
NOTE:  English muffins belong in the Biscuits, croissants, tortillas, soft bread sticks, 
soft pretzels, corn bread, hush puppies, scones, crumpets, English muffins product 
category.  Bagel thins are not considered bagels as the term is used in this product 
category and are included in Bread (excluding sweet quick type), rolls product 
category. 
 
 
       
       
Biscuits, croissants, tortillas, soft  55 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types of plain or flavored biscuits, croissants, English muffins, and tortillas; soft 
bread sticks, soft pretzels, corn  bread sticks; soft pretzels; cornbread; hush puppies; all flavors of scones with or 
bread, hush puppies, scones,  without additions (e.g., fruits); crumpets. 
crumpets, English muffins   
  NOTE:  For hard bread sticks, see Crackers that are usually not used as snack, melba 
toast, hard bread sticks, ice cream cones product category. 
 
       
Breads (excluding sweet quick  50 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for sliced bread  All breads except sweet quick type breads (e.g., breads in this category include white, 
type), rolls  and distinct pieces (e.g., rolls);  wheat, rye, multi-grain, raisin, and soda bread); all rolls other than sweet rolls (e.g., 
  2 oz (56 g/_ inch slice) for  rolls in this category include dinner rolls, hamburger rolls/buns, and hot dog rolls); pita 
unsliced bread  bread; bagel thins. 
 
NOTE:  Sweet rolls belong to the Coffee cakes, crumb cakes, doughnuts, Danish, 
sweet rolls, sweet quick type breads product category. 
 
8 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Brownies  40 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All types of brownies.  
pieces; fractional slice (_ g) for   
bulk 
 
       
Cakes, heavyweight (cheese  125 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All cheese cakes, pineapple upside-down cake, and all cakes which contain 35 percent 
cake; pineapple upside-down  pieces (e.g., sliced or  or more of fruit, nuts, or vegetables (e.g., Christmas fruit cake).  Cakes in this category 
cake; fruit, nut and vegetable  individually packaged  typically weigh 10 g or more per cubic inch.  
cakes with more than or equal to  products); _ fractional slice (_   
35 percent of the finished weight  g) for large discrete units  NOTE: Fruitcake weighs 18 g per cubic inch, which is considered a heavyweight cake. 
as fruit, nuts, or vegetables or any  However, the serving size for fruitcake is 1 12 ounces. See footnote 5 in table 2 of 21 
of these combinations) 5  CFR 101.12(b). 
 
       
Cakes, mediumweight    _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All chemically leavened cakes with or without icing or filling except those included in 
(chemically leavened cake with  80 g  pieces (e.g., cupcake); _  the heavyweight or the lightweight cake categories and all cakes which contain less 
or without icing or filling except  fractional slice (_ g) for large  than 35 percent of fruit, nuts, or vegetables (e.g., Boston cream pies, jelly rolls, 
those classified as lightweight  discrete units  cupcakes, eclairs, cream puffs, pound cake).  Cakes in this category typically weigh 4 g 
cake; fruit, nut, and vegetable  or more per cubic inch but less than 10 g per cubic inch. 
cake with less than 35 percent of   
the finished weight as fruit, nuts,   
or vegetables or any of these   
combinations; lightweight cake 
with icing; Boston cream pie; 
cupcake; eclair; cream puff) 6 
 
9 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Cakes, lightweight (angel food,  55 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  Angel food, chiffon, or sponge cake without icing or filling or other heavy ingredients 
chiffon, or sponge cake without    pieces (e.g., sliced or  (e.g., chocolate chips, fruit, nuts, vegetables).  Cakes in this category typically weigh 
icing or filling)  7  individually packaged  less than 4 g per cubic inch. 
products); _ fractional slice (_   
g) for large discrete units  NOTE: Lightweight cakes with the addition of other ingredients (e.g., chocolate chips, 
  fruit, nuts) would be in the Cakes, mediumweight product category when the sum of 
those additional ingredients weigh less than 35 percent of the finished weight of the 
product or Cakes, heavyweight product category if the sum of those additional 
ingredients weigh more than or equal to 35 percent of the finished weight of the 
product.  
 
Coffee cakes, crumb cakes,       
doughnuts, Danish, sweet rolls,  55 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for sliced bread  All coffee cakes, crumb cakes, doughnuts, Danish, and sweet rolls with or without icing 
sweet quick type breads   and distinct pieces (e.g.,  or filling; all sweet quick type breads (e.g., banana nut bread, cranberry nut bread, 
doughnut); 2 oz (56 g/visual  zucchini bread, pumpkin bread); corn muffin toasties. 
unit of measure) for bulk   
products (e.g., unsliced bread) 
 
       
Cookies  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All cookies (e.g., sweet biscuits (such as tea biscuits), lady fingers, biscotti, rugelach). 
  
       
Crackers that are usually not used  15 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  Saltines, soda crackers, oyster crackers; crisp breads; rice crackers (excluding rice 
as snack; melba toast, hard bread  cracker snack mixes); melba toast; hard bread sticks; puffed cereal-grain cakes (e.g., 
sticks, ice cream cones 8  rice, wheat, or corn cakes); all types of ice cream cones and cups. 
 
NOTE:  The reference amount for crackers and cheese is the reference amount for the 
ingredient that is represented as the main ingredient plus the proportioned amounts of 
all minor ingredients. 
 
10 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Crackers that are usually used as  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All crackers with the exception of those listed in the "Crackers that are not usually used 
snacks   as snacks; melba toast, hard bread sticks, ice cream cones" product category.  This 
product category includes sweet crackers (e.g., graham or animal crackers) and 
sandwich crackers (e.g., cheese and peanut butter sandwich crackers).   
 
NOTE:  The reference amount for crackers and cheese is the reference amount for 
ingredient that is represented as the main ingredient plus the proportioned amounts of 
all minor ingredients. 
 
       
Croutons  7 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g);  All types plain or flavored croutons. 
_ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces   
 
       
Eggroll, dumpling, wonton, or  20 g  _ sheet (  g); wrapper (  g)  All types of wrappers used to make eggroll, dumplings, wonton, or potstickers.  
potsticker wrappers 
 
       
French toast, crepes, pancakes,  110 g prepared  _ piece(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_g)  All types and flavors of French toast, crepes, and pancakes, and variety mixes. 
variety mixes  for French toast,  for dry mix    
  crepes, and   
pancakes; 40 g 
dry mix for 
variety mixes 
 
       
Grain-based bars with or without  40 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types of breakfast bars, granola bars, multi-grain bars, trail mix bars, and similar 
filling or coating, e.g., breakfast  types of products that are made of cereal-grains with or without filling or coating and 
bars, granola bars, rice cereal bars  with or without nuts. 
 
NOTE:  For toaster pastries, see Bagels, toaster pastries, muffins (excluding English 
muffins) product category. 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Pies, cobblers, fruit crisps,  125 g  _ piece(s) (_g) for distinct  All types of pies, dessert-type turnovers, fruit crisps, and other pastries with or without 
turnovers, other pastries  pieces; _ fractional slice (_ g)  fruit filling (e.g., cobblers, strudel, cannoli); blintzes.  
for large discrete units   
NOTE: Eclairs and cream puffs are included in the Cakes, mediumweight (chemically 
leavened cake with or without icing or filling except those classified as lightweight 
cake; fruit, nut, and vegetable cake with less than 35 percent of the finished weight as 
fruit, nuts, or vegetables; lightweight cake with icing; Boston cream pie; cupcake; 
eclair; cream puff) product category. 
 
       
Pie crust, pie shells, pastry sheets,  the allowable  _fractional slice(s) (_ g) for  All types of pie crusts, pie shells, and pastry sheets (e.g., phyllo dough, puff pastry 
(e.g., phyllo, puff pastry sheets)  declaration  large discrete units; _ shells  sheets).  
closest to an 8  (_g); _fractional sheet(s) (_g)   
square inch  for distinct pieces (e.g., Pastry 
surface area   sheet).   
 
       
Pizza crust  55 g  _fractional slice (_ g)  All types of pizza crusts, including bread shells. 
 
NOTE: Bread shells are often used in Italian cuisine as a substitution for pizza crusts.  
 
       
Taco shells, hard  30 g  _ shell(s) (_ g)  All types of hard taco shells, including tostada shells. 
 
       
Waffles  85 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types of waffles with and without additions (e.g., Belgian waffles). 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
BEVERAGES: 
 
       
Carbonated and noncarbonated  360 mL  12 fl oz (360 mL)  Wine coolers (i.e., containing less than 7% of alcohol); all types of bottled water (e.g., 
beverages, wine coolers, water  carbonated, mineral and spring water); regular, light (lite or reduced calorie), or no 
  calorie (zero calorie or diet) for all types of carbonated drinks (e.g., soft drinks) and 
noncarbonated drinks (e.g., energy drinks, sports drinks), except for those beverages 
specified in the following product categories:  Coffee or tea, flavored and sweetened, 
Eggnog, Milk, milk-substitute beverages,  milk-based drinks, e.g., instant breakfast, 
meal replacement, cocoa, soy beverage, Shakes or shake substitutes, e.g.,  dairy shake 
mixes, fruit frost mixes, Juices, nectars, fruit drinks, Milk, milk substitute, and fruit 
juice  concentrates (without alcohol), e.g., drink mixers, frozen fruit juice concentrate, 
sweetened cocoa powder,  Drink mixes (without alcohol); drink mixes, all other types 
(e.g., flavored syrups and powdered drink mixes), Vegetable juice.  
 
 
       
Coffee or tea, flavored and  360 mL   12 fl oz (360 mL)  Dry instant coffee with sugar and/or cream or cream substitute; coffee or tea, ready-to-
sweetened   prepared drink (e.g., ice coffee, mocha, cappuccino); iced tea mixed with sugar. 
 
       
CEREALS AND OTHER   
GRAIN PRODUCTS: 
 
       
Breakfast cereals (hot cereal  1 cup prepared;   _ cup(s) (_ g)  All types of hot breakfast cereals (regular, quick, and instant), plain and flavored, with 
type), hominy grits  40 g plain dry  or without sweetener and/or fruits or nuts; and cereal-grains that are used as hot 
cereal; 55 g  breakfast cereals (e.g., hominy grits, oatmeal, buckwheat groats, cornmeal mush, millet, 
flavored,  cream of rice, cream of wheat, cream of rye, oat bran cereal, rolled wheat). 
sweetened   
cereal 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat,  15 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All ready-to-eat breakfast cereals that weigh less than 20 g per cup (e.g., corn puffs, 
weighing less than 20 g per cup,  puffed rice, puffed wheat).  
e.g., plain puffed cereal grains  
 
       
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat,  40 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All ready-to-eat breakfast cereals that weigh more than 20 g and less than 43 g per cup 
weighing 20 g or more but less  (e.g., toasted oats, crispy rice, rice flakes). 
than 43 g per cup; high fiber   
cereals containing 28 g or more   
of fiber per 100 g   
 
       
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat,  60 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large  All ready-to-eat breakfast cereals that weigh 43 g or more per cup and, biscuit type 
weighing 43 g or more per cup;  distinct pieces (e.g., biscuit  ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (e.g., large shredded wheat biscuit, oat bran, oatmeal 
biscuit types  type); _ cup(s) (_ g) for all  squares) with or without additions (e.g., fruits).   
others   
       
Bran or wheat germ  15 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)  All plain brans and wheat germs in raw, toasted, untoasted, or ready-to-eat form. 
 
 
       
Flours or cornmeal  30 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)  All wheat and other cereal-grain flours (e.g., rice flour, corn flour) and cornmeal, corn 
flour, Masa harina. 
 
NOTE: Nut and seed flours are under Coconut, nut and seed flours product category. 
 
       
Grains, e.g., rice, barley, plain  140 g prepared;  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All plain whole grains or non-whole grains (e.g., rice, wheat, barley, millet, couscous).  
45 g dry   
NOTE:  Flavored rice with or without sauce (e.g., dry flavored rice mixes; rice with 
cream sauce, cheese sauce, tomato-based sauce) belongs to the Mixed Dishes: 
measurable with cup product category. 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Pastas, plain  140 g prepared;  _ cup(s) (_ g); _ piece(s) (_ g)  All pastas (e.g., spaghetti, vermicelli, lasagna, macaroni, gnocchi) and noodles (e.g., 
55 g dry  for large pieces (e.g., large  Mung bean noodles, rice noodles) without sauce or seasoning mixes. 
shells or lasagna noodles) or 2   
oz (56 g/visual unit of  NOTE:  Pasta and noodle products with sauce (e.g., cream sauce, cheese sauce, 
measure) for dry bulk products  tomato-based sauce) or seasoning mix belong to the Mixed Dishes: measurable with 
(e.g., spaghetti)  cup product category.  
   
       
Pastas, dry, ready-to-eat, e.g.,  25 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All dry ready-to-eat noodles and pastas (e.g., fried chow mein noodles). 
fried canned chow mein noodles 
 
       
Starches, e.g., cornstarch, potato  10 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  All starches including cornstarch, potato starch, and tapioca. 
starch, tapioca, etc. 
 
       
Stuffing   100 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All types of stuffing, flavored or unflavored, including bread stuffing and rice stuffing. 
 
       
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND 
SUBSTITUTES: 
 
       
Cheese, cottage  110 g  _ cup (_ g)  All non-dry cottage cheese (regular, low-fat, or fat-free) with or without fruits.  
 
NOTE:  Dry cottage cheese belongs in the Cheese used primarily as ingredients, e.g., 
dry cottage cheese, ricotta cheese product category. 
 
       
Cheese used primarily as  55 g  _ cup (_ g)  All dry cottage cheese and ricotta cheese. 
ingredients, e.g., dry cottage 
cheese, ricotta cheese 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Cheese, grated hard, e.g.,  5 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  All hard grated cheeses including grated Parmesan and Romano cheese. 
Parmesan, Romano   
 
       
Cheese, all others except those  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All natural and processed cheese products (including cheese whiz) other than cottage 
listed as separate categories-- pieces; _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for  cheese, ricotta cheese, and grated hard cheese (e.g., Brie, cheddar, Colby, mozzarella, 
includes cream cheese and cheese  cream cheese and cheese  muenster). 
spread   spread; 1 oz (28 g/visual unit   
of measure) for bulk  NOTE:  Cheese sauce belongs to the Minor main entree sauce (e.g., pizza sauce, pesto 
  sauce, Alfredo sauce), other sauces used as toppings (e.g., gravy, white sauce, cheese 
sauce), cocktail sauce product category.   
 
       
Cheese saucesee sauce 
category 
 
       
Cream or cream substitutes, fluid  15 mL  1 tbsp (15 mL)  All types of fluid cream (fat-free, light, and heavy) and cream substitutes (e.g., coffee 
whitener), including dairy based (e.g., milk) and non-dairy based products (e.g., soy, 
coconut). 
 
       
Cream or cream substitutes,  2 g  _ tsp (_ g)  All powdered cream and cream substitutes (e.g., powdered coffee whitener). 
powder   
 
       
Cream, half & half  30 mL  2 tbsp (30 mL)  Fluid cream containing half cream and half milk. 
 
       
Eggnog  120 mL  1/2 cup (120 mL); 4 fl oz (120  All types of eggnog. 
mL)   
 
       
Milk, condensed, undiluted  30 mL  2 tbsp (30 mL)  All condensed milk. 
 
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Milk, evaporated, undiluted  30 mL  2 tbsp (30 mL)  All evaporated milk. 
 
       
Milk, milk-substitute beverages,  240 mL  1 cup (240 mL); 8 fl oz (240  All milk, regular and flavored (e.g., chocolate milk) of any fat content; all milk-based 
milk-based drinks, e.g., instant  mL)  meal replacements (e.g., nutritional shakes); all hot cocoa; malted milk beverages, and 
breakfast, meal replacement,  all other milk-based beverages (e.g., breakfast drink) with the exception of milkshakes.   
cocoa, soy beverage  Milk-substitute beverages are non-dairy based beverages (e.g., soy, almond, rice, 
  coconut).  
   
  NOTE: Milk-based beverages mean that milk and milk-derived ingredients are the 
  major ingredient of the beverage when prepared for consumption.  For example, a dry 
  beverage mix product may not contain milk or milk-derived ingredients.  However, if 
the package direction recommends adding milk to make the beverage for consumption, 
the product is classified as a milk-based beverage. 
 
       
Shakes or shake substitutes, e.g.,  240 mL  1 cup (240 mL); 8 fl oz (240  All milkshakes, dairy-based shake mixes (e.g., breakfast drink mix), and foamy 
dairy shake mixes, fruit frost  mL)  beverage mixes mimicking shakes such as fruit-based or fruit-flavored shakes (e.g., 
mixes  fruit frost mix). 
   
       
Sour cream  30 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  All types of sour cream with all types of fat content. 
 
       
Yogurt  170 g  _ cup (_ g)  All form of yogurts: drinkable, not-drinkable, plain, flavored, and sweetened with or 
without fruit, nuts, and other ingredients (e.g., granola) packaged together or in separate 
compartments that are mixed together for consumption. 
 
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DESSERTS: 
 
       
Ice cream, frozen yogurt, sherbet,  2/3 cup   2/3 cup (_ g),  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types of bulk and novelties (e.g., bars, sandwiches, cups, slices, cones, pops) ice 
frozen flavored and sweetened  includes the  for individually wrapped or  cream, frozen yogurt, sherbet, sorbet, frozen custard, and other milk-based frozen 
ice and pops, frozen fruit juices:  volume for  packaged products  desserts; frozen or unfrozen flavored and/or sweetened ice and pops (e.g., popsicles, 
all types bulk and novelties (e.g.,  coatings and  flavored ice, snow cones); frozen fruit juices and fruit juice novelties, all flavored, with 
bars, sandwiches, cones, cups)  wafers  or without fruits or nuts.   
   
 
       
Sundae  1 cup  1 cup (_ g)  All types of sundaes  
 
       
Custards, gelatin, or pudding  1/2 cup  _piece(s) (_ g) for distinct unit  All types of custards, gelatins, mousse, and puddings (flavored and unflavored). All dry 
prepared;  (e.g., individually packaged  mixes with various flavor used to make custards, gelatin or pudding. 
amount to make  products); 1/2 cup (_ g) for   
1/2 cup  bulk   NOTE: Frozen custards, gelatins and puddings belong to the product category Ice 
prepared when  cream, frozen yogurt, sherbet, frozen flavored and sweetened ice, frozen fruit juices: all 
dry.   types bulk and novelties (e.g., bars, sandwiches, cones, cups).  
   
       
DESSERT TOPPINGS AND 
FILLINGS: 
 
       
Cake frostings or icings  2 tbsp  _ tbsp(s) (_ g)  All types of cake frostings and icings (e.g., cream cheese frosting, buttercream frosting, 
  whipped cream frosting). 
   
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Other dessert toppings, e.g.,  2 tbsp  2 tbsp (_ g); 2 tbsp (30 mL)  All dessert toppings other than cake frostings and icings (e.g., butterscotch, caramel, 
fruits, syrups, spreads,  chocolate, fudge, fruit, marshmallow cream, coconut meat and nut topping); dairy and 
marshmallow cream, nuts, dairy  non-dairy whipped toppings (e.g., whipped cream); dessert spreads (e.g., chocolate or 
and non-dairy whipped toppings   non-chocolate flavored spread). 
 
NOTE:  Chocolate and sugar sprinkles are included in the Baking decorations, e.g., 
colored sugars and sprinkles for cookies, cake decorations product category. 
 
       
Pie fillings  85 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All pie fillings including fruit, minced meat, and pumpkin pie filling. 
 
       
EGG AND EGG 
SUBSTITUTES: 
 
       
Egg mixtures, e.g., egg foo  110 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  Egg foo young, scrambled eggs, omelets, and other mixtures having eggs as the major 
young, scrambled eggs, omelets  pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g)  ingredient. 
   
       
Eggs (all sizes) 8  50 g  1 large, medium, etc. (_ g)  All whole poultry eggs. 
 
       
Egg whites, sugared eggs,  An amount to  _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ mL)  All types of egg substitutes, egg mixtures, egg whites, sugared eggs, and sugared egg 
sugared egg yolks, and egg  make 1 large  yolk. 
substitutes (fresh, frozen, dried)  (50 g) egg   
 
       
FATS AND OILS: 
 
       
Butter, margarine, oil, shortening  1 tbsp  1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)  All types of butter and margarine spreads (regular, diet, lite/light, liquid, and whipped); 
oils; and shortenings. 
 
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Butter replacement, powder   2 g  _ tsp(s) (_ g)  Powdered butter replacements (e.g., butter-flavored powder). 
 
       
Dressings for salads  30 g  _ tbsp (_ g); _ tbsp (_ mL)  All salad dressings except for the following: mayonnaise, sandwich spreads, and 
mayonnaise-type dressings that substitute for mayonnaise (i.e., mayonnaise-like 
dressings are excluded from this product category).  Types of products included in this 
category are cheese dressing, Caesar dressing, coleslaw dressing, feta cheese dressing, 
French dressing, fruit dressing, honey mustard dressing, Italian dressing, Russian 
dressing, Green Goddess dressing, creamy dressing (e.g., creamy cucumber, creamy 
Italian, dressings made with sour cream), buttermilk dressing (e.g., ranch dressing), and 
Thousand Island dressing. 
 
       
Mayonnaise, sandwich spreads,  15 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  All mayonnaise, sandwich spreads, and mayonnaise-type dressings that substitute for 
mayonnaise-type dressings  mayonnaise or sandwich spread (e.g., mayonnaise-like dressings containing less than 65 
percent but no less than 30 percent of vegetable oil by weight). 
 
       
Spray types  0.25 g  About _ seconds spray (_ g)  All types of cooking sprays (e.g., cooking spray olive oil). 
 
       
FISH, SHELLFISH, GAME 
MEATS 9, AND MEAT OR 
POULTRY SUBSTITUTES: 
       
Bacon substitutes, canned  15 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  Substitutes for bacon strips (e.g., meatless), breakfast strips, canned anchovy, anchovy 
anchovies10, anchovy pastes,  pieces; _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for  paste, and caviar. 
caviar  others   
NOTE:  Substitutes for bacon bits belong to the Salad and potato toppers, e.g., salad 
crunchies, salad crispins, substitutes for bacon bits product category. 
 
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Dried, e.g., jerky  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All dried fish, shellfish, game meats, and meat or poultry substitutes having a water-to-
  protein-ratio of less than 2:1 (e.g., fish jerky, dried shrimp, pepperoni substitute). 
 
       
Entrees with sauce, e.g. fish with  140 g cooked  _ cup(s) (_ g); 5 oz (140  All raw and cooked fish, shellfish, game meat, and meat or poultry substitute products 
cream sauce, shrimp with lobster  g/visual unit of measure) if not  with sauce or gravy of which fish, shellfish, game meat, and meat or poultry substitutes 
sauce  measurable by cup  are the major ingredient.  Examples are fish divan, creamed fish, shrimp with lobster 
sauce, sweet and sour shrimp, shrimp cocktail, Seafood Newburg, scallops with cheese 
sauce, meatless Salisbury steak with gravy, mock chicken leg with cream sauce, sardine 
with tomato-based sauce.  These products are often used as toppings for rice, pasta, or 
baked products.   
 
NOTE:  Products with accompanying starch items (e.g., Seafood Newburg on a bed of 
noodles, creamed tuna with biscuit, sweet and sour shrimp with rice) belong to one of 
the appropriate Mixed Dishes product categories.  Also note that for raw fish, 
shellfish, game meat, and meat or poultry substitutes with sauces or gravies, the 140 g 
reference amount for this category is the cooked form of the product, so the reference 
amount for uncooked products is the amount required to make 140 g cooked. 
 
       
Entrees without sauce, e.g., plain  85 g cooked;  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  All raw and cooked fish, shellfish, game meat, and meat poultry substitute products 
or fried fish and shellfish, fish  110 g  pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g); _ oz (_  without sauce or gravy of which fish, shellfish, game meat, and meat or poultry 
and shellfish cake  uncooked11  g/visual unit of measure) if not  substitutes are the major ingredients.  Examples are plain fish, shellfish, game meat, 
measurable by cup  meat or poultry substitutes (e.g., soy burger, meatless scallop); battered or breaded fillet 
or fish, fish stick; battered or breaded shrimp; spiced shrimp and crab; fish and shellfish 
cake; fish loaf; and stuffed fish and shellfish. 
 
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Fish, shellfish, or game meat 9,  85 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  All canned fish, shellfish and game meat, other than smoked or pickled fish, shellfish, 
canned 10   pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g); 3 oz (85  and game meat.  Products included in this category include canned tuna, canned shrimp, 
  g/_ cup) for products that are  canned clams, canned salmon, and gefilte fish. 
  difficult to measure the g   
  weight of cup measure (e.g.,   
  tuna); 3 oz (85 g/_ pieces) for   
products that naturally vary in 
size (e.g., sardines) 
 
       
Substitute for luncheon meat,  55 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All meatless products that are substitutes  for the following types of products: luncheon 
meat spreads, Canadian bacon,  pieces (e.g., slices, links); _  meats, meat spreads , Canadian bacon, sausages, frankfurters, and seafood.  Examples 
sausages, frankfurters, and  cup(s) (_ g); 2 oz (56 g/visual  are meatless breakfast links, vegetarian pate, patties, or slices; meatless salami; 
seafood  unit of measure) for  meatless frankfurter; and seafood substitutes (e.g., shrimp or crab meat substitutes). 
  nondiscrete bulk product   
 
       
Smoked or pickled fish,10  55 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct  All smoked or pickled fish, shellfish, and game meat; all fish or shellfish spreads.  
shellfish, or game meat9; fish or  pieces (e.g., slices, links) or _  These products are usually served as an appetizer, not an entree.  Examples are herring 
shellfish spread  cup(s) (_ g); 2 oz (56 g/visual  pickled in cream or wine sauce, smoked kippered herring, smoked salmon, and ground 
  unit of measure) for  fish paste used for canapes. 
  nondiscrete bulk product   
 
Substitutes for bacon bitssee       
Miscellaneous 12 
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FRUITS AND FRUIT JUICE: 
 
       
Candied or pickled  10  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All candied fruits (e.g., candied pineapple, cherries, apple, pear); all pickled fruits (e.g., 
  pickled apple). 
 
NOTE:  Caramelized apples belong to the All other fruits (except those listed as 
separate categories), fresh, canned or frozen product category.  Dehydrated fruit 
leather-type products belong in the Snacks: All varieties, chips, pretzels, popcorns, 
extruded snacks, fruit and vegetable-based snacks (e.g., fruit chips), grain-based snack 
mixes product category. Fruit peel or candied fruit peel and maraschino cherries that 
are used for garnish or flavoring purpose belong to the Fruits for garnish or flavor, 
e.g., maraschino cherries product category. 
 
 
Dehydrated fruitssee snack       
category. 
Dried       
40 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces  All dried fruits (e.g., raisins, dates, prunes), including fruits such as peaches, pears, and 
(e.g., dates, figs, prunes); _  apples, if dried. 
cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces   
(e.g., raisins)  NOTE:  Dehydrated fruit leather-type products and fruit chips (e.g., banana chips) 
belong in the Snacks: all varieties, chips, pretzels, popcorns, extruded snacks, fruit-
based snacks (e.g., fruit chips), grain-based snack mixes product category. 
 
       
Fruits for garnish or flavor, e.g.,  4 g  1 cherry (_ g); _ piece(s) (_g)  Fruits used for garnish or flavor (e.g., maraschino cherries, fruit peel, candied fruit 
maraschino cherries 10  peel). 
 
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Fruit relishes, e.g., cranberry  70 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All fruit products which are used as relishes (e.g., cranberry sauce, cranberry relish, 
sauce, cranberry relish  cranberry-orange relish). 
 
Note:  Fruit chutney belongs in the Honey, jams, jellies, fruit butter, molasses, fruit 
pastes, fruit chutneys product category. 
 
       
Fruits used primarily as  50 g  See footnote13  Avocado 
ingredients, avocado   
   
       
Fruits used primarily as  50 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large fruits;  All fruits used primarily as an ingredient in other foods rather than fruits consumed 
ingredients, others (cranberries,  _ cup(s) (_ g) for small fruits  alone (e.g., cranberries, lemon, lime).  
lemon, lime)  measurable by cup13 
 
       
Watermelon  280 g  See footnote13   All types of watermelon. 
 
       
All other fruits (except those  140 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces  All fresh, canned, or frozen fruits, other than those listed in other fruit categories.  This 
listed as separate categories),  (e.g., strawberries, prunes,  category includes apple sauce and caramelized apples. 
fresh, canned or frozen  apricots, etc.); _ cup(s) (_ g)   
for small pieces (e.g., 
blueberries, raspberries, etc.) 13 
 
       
Juices, nectars, fruit drinks  240 mL  8 fl oz (240 mL)  All fruit juices except the juices that are used as ingredients (e.g., lemon and lime juice 
are not included in this product category); nectars; noncarbonated drinks containing any 
amount of fruit juice or nectar (e.g., coconut water).  
 
NOTE:  Lemon juice and lime juice that are used as ingredients belong to Juices used 
as ingredients, e.g., lemon juice, lime juice product category. 
 
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  AMOUNT  
 
       
Juices used as ingredients, e.g.,  5 mL  1 tsp (5 mL)  Juices used primarily as ingredients rather than consumed for beverages, such as lemon 
lemon juice, lime juice  and lime juice. 
   
       
LEGUMES:     
 
       
Tofu 10, tempeh   85 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  Tofu (also called bean curd and bean cake), tempeh. 
pieces; 3 oz (84 g/visual unit   
of measure) for bulk products   
 
       
Beans, plain or in sauce  130 g for beans  _ cup (_ g)  All bean (e.g., kidney beans, pinto beans, Northern bean, navy beans, blackeye peas, 
in sauce or  cannellini beans) products with or without sauce (e.g., baked beans, refried beans), but  
canned in liquid  excluding bean cake and condiments made from dried beans (e.g., soy sauce, soybean 
and refried  paste, black bean sauce).  This product category also includes chickpea, cowpea, pigeon 
beans prepared;  pea, and lentil products with or without sauce.  
90 g for others   
prepared; 35 g 
dry 
 
       
MISCELLANEOUS: 
 
       
Baking powder, baking soda,  0.6 g  _ tsp ( _ g)  All types of baking powder, baking soda, and pectin. 
pectin     
 
       
Baking decorations, e.g., colored  1 tsp or 4 g if  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  All products used to decorate cakes, cookies and other desserts (e.g., colored sugars, 
sugars and sprinkles for cookies,  not measurable  pieces; 1 tsp (_ g)   cake decors, cake decorating gel, chocolate sprinkles).  
cake decorations  by teaspoon    
   
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  AMOUNT  
 
       
Batter mixes, bread crumbs  30 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g);_ cup(s) (_ g)  Bread crumbs (e.g., panko), batter mixes (e.g., tempura mixes, onion ring batter mixes). 
   
       
Chewing gum 8  3 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All chewing gums (e.g., regular, sugarless, bubble). 
 
       
Cocoa powder, carob powder,  1 tbsp  1 tbsp ( __g)  All cocoa powder, unsweetened (e.g., baking cocoa); unsweetened flavored and 
unsweetened  unflavored carob powder. 
 
       
Cooking wine  30 mL  2 tbsp (30 mL)  All types of cooking wine (e.g., rice, marsala, red wine, sherry wine). 
 
Dietary supplements  The maximum  _tablet(s), _capsules(s),  All dietary supplements. 
amount  _packet(s), _tsp(s) (_g), etc.   
recommended,   
as appropriate, 
on the label for 
consumption per 
eating occasion 
or, in the 
absence of 
recommendatio
ns, 1 unit, e.g. 
tablet, capsule, 
packet, 
teaspoonful, etc. 
       
Meat, poultry, and fish coating  Amount to  _ tsp(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_ g)  Coating mixes for meat, poultry, and fish; seasoning mixes for specific dishes (e.g., 
mixes, dry; seasoning mixes, dry,  make one  chili seasoning mix, pasta salad seasoning mix, meat loaf seasoning mix). 
e.g., chili seasoning mixes, pasta  reference   
salad seasoning mixes  amount of final  NOTE:  Flavored salt products (e.g., garlic salt, onion salt, all-purpose seasoning salt) 
dish  belong to the Salt, salt substitute, seasoning salt (e.g., garlic salt) product category. 
 
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Milk, milk substitute, and fruit  Amount to  _ fl oz (_ mL);   tsp ( g);   tbsp  All types of flavored or non-flavored milk; non-dairy-based milk substitutes; fruit-
juice concentrates (without  make 240 ml  (   g)  flavored (100% fruit-based ingredient, e.g., fruit juice concentrate) or non-flavored 
alcohol) (e.g., drink mixers,  drink (without  powdered drink mixes that are mixed with milk or water (e.g., fruit drinks, chocolate or 
frozen fruit juice concentrate,  ice)  non-chocolate flavored powdered drink mixes, lemonade drink mixes); sweetened 
sweetened cocoa powder)  cocoa powder. 
   
       
Drink mixes (without alcohol):  Amount to  _ fl oz ( _ mL); _ tsp (_ g); _  Mixers for alcoholic beverages (e.g., pina-colada drink mixers); flavored or sweetened 
All other types (e.g., flavored  make 360 mL  tbsp (_ g)  drink mixers and drink mixers used to make mixed drinks (e.g., ice tea drink mixes); 
syrups and powdered drink  drink (without  flavored or sweetened syrups or powder drink mixes without alcohol (e.g., hazelnut 
mixes)  ice)  flavoring syrup). 
 
       
Salad and potato toppers, e.g.,  7 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g)  All toppers for salads and potatoes (e.g., salad crunchies, salad crispies, imitation bacon 
salad crunchies, salad crispins,  bits, crispy fried onions). 
substitutes for bacon bits   
NOTE:  Shredded cheeses belong to the Cheese, all others except those listed as 
separate categoriesincludes cream cheese and cheese spread product category. 
Croutons belong to the Croutons product category under Bakery Products. 
 
       
Salt, salt substitutes, seasoning  1/4 tsp  1/4 tsp ( _g); _piece(s) ( _g)  Salt; seasoning mixes containing salt and other flavoring ingredients (e.g., garlic salt, 
salts (e.g., garlic salt)  for discrete pieces (e.g.,  onion salt, all-purpose seasoning salt); salt substitutes. 
individually packaged   
products) 
 
       
Seasoning oils and seasoning  1 tbsp  1 tbsp (_g)  All types of flavoring oils or concentrate that are generally used as an ingredient of a 
sauces (e.g., coconut concentrate,  sauce or dressing for a dish (e.g. coconut concentrate used to make flavoring sauces). 
sesame oil, almond oil, chili oil,   
coconut oil, walnut oil)  NOTE: Coconut concentrate is an extract of the cooked mixture of water and coconut 
  meat, which is often used as an ingredient of a sauce or dressing (such as the curry 
sauce).  
 
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Seasoning pastes (e.g. garlic  1 tsp  1 tsp (_g)  All seasoning pastes that are generally used as the sauces or an ingredient of sauces.  
paste, ginger paste, curry paste, 
chili paste, miso paste), fresh or 
frozen 
 
       
Spices, herbs (other than dietary  1/4 tsp or 0.5 g  1/4 tsp (_ g); _ piece(s) (_ g) if  All spices and herbs (except those that contain salt) used to flavor food (e.g., granulated 
supplements)  if not  not measurable by teaspoons  garlic, granulated onion, garlic powder, onion powder, thyme leaves); seeds used as 
  measurable by  (e.g., bay leaf)  spices (e.g., poppy seed, sesame seed, celery seed). 
  teaspoon     
    NOTE:  Spices or herbs containing salt belong to the Salt, salt substitutes, seasoning 
  salts (e.g., garlic salt) product category. 
 
 
       
MIXED DISHES: 
 
       
Appetizers, hors doeuvres, mini  85 g, add 35g  _piece(s) ( __g),   Mixed dishes made in bite-size and used as an appetizer before the main meal, such 
mixed dishes, e.g., mini bagel  for products  as mini bagel pizzas, breaded mozzarella sticks, stuffed jalapeno poppers, stuffed 
pizzas, breaded mozzarella sticks,  with gravy or  mushrooms, pupusa, egg rolls, dumplings, mini quesadillas, mini quiches, mini 
egg rolls, dumplings, potstickers,  sauce topping  sandwiches, mini pizza rolls, potato skins, coated vegetables (e.g., fried green beans), 
wontons, mini quesadillas, mini  macaroni bites, toasted ravioli, dim sum, and mini taquitos. 
quiches, mini sandwiches, mini   
pizza rolls, potato skins  NOTE: Individual unit of products in this category weigh no more than 85 g per unit. 
 
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  AMOUNT  
 
       
Measurable with cup, e.g.,  1 cup  1 cup (_ g)  All mixed dishes that are measurable with cup that are not listed as a separate category 
casseroles, hash, macaroni and  in  101.12(b).  Products in this category are mixtures and usually contain starch (e.g., 
cheese, pot pies, spaghetti with  rice, pasta), dried beans, and/or animal source ingredients (e.g., cheese, fish, shellfish), 
sauce, stews, etc.  with or without vegetables.  Examples are casseroles; chili;  stews; hash; pot pies; tuna 
with dumpling (mixture); lo mein; lasagna; macaroni and cheese; filled pasta (e.g., 
cannelloni, ravioli, and tortellini); spaghetti with sauce; Fettuccini Alfredo; linguini 
with clam sauce; pasta with pesto sauce; other pasta with cream sauce, cheese sauce, 
tomato-based sauce, and other similar sauces; flavored rice with or without sauce, bean, 
vegetable or animal products or with meat substitute (e.g., paella, Spanish rice, rice and 
beans, rice with cheese, flavored rice mixes, fried rice, shrimp chow mein on rice).   
 
NOTE:  Some frozen entrees (e.g., rice or pasta with sauce or toppings) are often 
packaged in separate pouches.  The component foods are packaged separately for 
technical reasons such as differences in required cooking times for the different 
components and better preservation of the texture and flavor during storage.  However, 
because the components from all pouches in a package are consumed as one product, 
they are mixed dishes and belong to this category.   
 
NOTE:  Products that are used as an appetizer and the individual unit weigh no more 
than 85 g per unit belong in the product category Appetizers, hors doeuvres, mini 
mixed dishes, e.g., mini bagel pizzas, breaded mozzarella sticks, egg rolls, dumplings, 
potstickers, wontons, mini quesadillas, mini quiches, mini sandwiches, mini pizza rolls, 
potato skins.  
 
       
Not measurable with cup, e.g.,  140g, add 55g  _piece(s) (_g) for discrete  All mixed dishes that are not measurable with cup that are not listed as a separate 
burritos, enchiladas, pizza, pizza  for products  pieces; _ fractional slice (_g)  category in  101.12(b).  Products in this category usually are mixtures and usually 
rolls, quiche, all types of  with gravy or  for large discrete units  contain starch (e.g., rice, pasta, breading), dried beans, and/or animal source ingredients 
sandwiches  sauce topping,  (e.g., cheese, fish, shellfish).  They come with or without vegetables.  Examples are 
e.g., enchilada  pizza, quiche, burrito, enchilada, sandwich, manicotti, taco, chimichanga, fajita, 
with cheese  calzone, pizza roll, entree-type turnover or crepe, stuffed shell, corn dog, corn fritter, 
sauce, crepe  manicotti with or without sauce, egg rolls individual piece weighing more than 85 g, 
with white  stuffed white potatoes with topping, and stuffed pepper, cabbage, and tomato.   
sauce14   
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
NUTS AND SEEDS: 
       
Nuts, seeds and mixtures, all  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces  All nuts; seeds used as a snack (e.g., sunflower seeds); mixed nuts; and mixtures 
types: sliced, chopped, slivered,  (e.g., unshelled nuts);_ tbsp(s)  primarily consisting of nuts and seeds (e.g., snack mixes); soy nuts (i.e., dry roasted 
and whole   (_ g) ;_ cup(s) (_ g) for small  edamame). 
  pieces (e.g., peanuts,   
  sunflower seeds)  NOTE:  Seeds that are used for seasoning (e.g., sesame seed, poppy seed, celery seed) 
  and that are usually positioned with spices and herbs in the marketplace do not belong 
to this category.  Nuts coated with candy (e.g., chocolate-coated nuts, yogurt-coated 
nuts) belong to the All other candies product category. 
 
       
Nut and seed butters, pastes, or  2 tbsp  2 tbsp (_ g)  All butter or paste made of nuts or seeds (e.g., peanut butter, almond butter, sesame 
creams  butter or paste (e.g., tahini), including flavored nut butter spreads (e.g., cocoa, cookie, 
  and coffee flavored)), coconut cream.   
 
 
       
Coconut, nut and seed flours  15 g  _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup (_ g)  All coconut, nut, or seed flour (e.g., almond flour, coconut flour, hazelnut flour); 
  soybean flour; and carob flour. 
 
NOTE: Carob powder belongs to the Cocoa powder, carob powder, unsweetened 
product category. 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
POTATOES AND SWEET 
POTATOES/YAMS: 
 
       
French fries, hash browns, skins,  70 g prepared;  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large  Examples of products included in this category are deep or pan fried potatoes/sweet 
or pancakes  85 g for frozen  distinct pieces (e.g., patties,  potatoes/yams (e.g., French fries, hash browns, potato O'Brien), potato skins, 
unprepared  skins); 2.5 oz (70 g/_ pieces)  potatoes/sweet potatoes/yam patties and potato pancakes. 
French fries  for prepared fries; 3 oz (84 g/_   
pieces) for unprepared fries 
 
       
Mashed, candied, stuffed or with  140 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  Mashed, candied, stuffed, or with sauce potatoes/sweet potatoes/yams; potatoes/sweet 
sauce  pieces (e.g., stuffed potato); _  potatoes/yams (e.g., potatoes au gratin, scalloped potatoes, twice-baked potato). 
cup(s) (_ g)   
 
       
Plain, fresh, canned, or frozen  110 g for fresh  _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete  All plain potatoes, sweet potatoes, and yams without sauce that are not included in the 
or frozen; 125 g  pieces;_ cup(s) (_ g) for sliced  other two potato/sweet potato/yam categories. 
for vacuum  or chopped products   
packed; 160 g     
for canned in   
liquid 
 
       
SALADS: 
       
Gelatin salad  120 g  _ cup (_ g)  All types of gelatin-based salads with or without fruits, vegetables, or nuts. 
 
       
Pasta or potato salad  140 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All pasta (e.g., macaroni salad with or without additions) and potato salads (e.g., Amish 
  potato salad, German potato salad) 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
All other salads, e.g., egg, fish,  100 g  _ cup(s) (_ g)  All other salads, including egg, fish (e.g., tuna salad), shellfish (e.g., shrimp salad), 
shellfish, bean, fruit, or vegetable  bean, fruit, and vegetable salads.   
salads   
  NOTE:  The reference amount for vegetable salads includes dressing.  Canned fruits 
labeled as fruit salad that resemble fruit cocktail belongs to the All other fruits 
(except those listed as separate categories), fresh, canned, or frozen product category. 
 
       
SAUCES, DIPS, GRAVIES, 
AND CONDIMENTS: 
 
       
Barbecue sauce, hollandaise  2 tbsp  2 tbsp (_ g); 2 tbsp (30 mL)  Barbecue sauce, hollandaise sauce, tartar sauce, all dips (e.g., bean dip; dips made with 
sauce, tartar sauce, tomato chili  sour cream, cream cheese, yogurt, or other dairy products; guacamole, salsa), tomato 
sauce, other sauces for dipping  chili sauce, sauces for dipping (e.g., mustard sauce, sweet and sour sauce for chicken 
(e.g., mustard sauce, sweet and  nuggets). 
sour sauce), all dips (e.g., bean   
dips, dairy-based dips, salsa)  NOTE:  Catsup, steak sauce, and soy sauce belong in the Major condiments, e.g., 
  catsup, steak sauce, soy sauce, vinegar, teriyaki sauce, marinades product category.   
Hot sauces and mustards belong in the Minor condiments, e.g., horseradish, hot 
sauces, mustards, Worcestershire sauce product category.  Cocktail sauce belongs in 
the Minor main entree sauces (e.g., pizza sauce, pesto sauce, Alfredo sauce), other 
sauces used as toppings (e.g., gravy, white sauce, cheese sauce), cocktail sauce 
product category.   
 
       
Major main entree sauces, e.g.,  125 g  _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)  Sauces customarily used for main entrees (e.g., spaghetti sauce, marinara sauce, white 
spaghetti sauce  clam sauce). 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Minor main entree sauces (e.g.,  1/4 cup  1/4 cup (_ g); 1/4 cup (60 mL)  Sauces customarily used for main entrees that are thicker in consistency and/or used in 
pizza sauce, pesto sauce, Alfredo  smaller quantities than the sauces included in the major main entree sauce.  Sauces in 
sauce), other sauces used as  this category include pizza sauce, enchilada sauce, pesto sauce, Alfredo sauce; gravy, 
toppings (e.g., gravy, white  white sauce, cheese sauce, and other similar sauces used as toppings; and cocktail 
sauce, cheese sauce), cocktail  sauce. 
sauce   
 
       
Major condiments, e.g., catsup,  1 tbsp  1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)  Condiments that are customarily used in a large quantity (e.g., about one tablespoon).  
steak sauce, soy sauce, vinegar,  Catsup, hot dog chili sauce, steak sauce, taco sauce, horseradish sauce, soy sauce, 
teriyaki sauce, marinades  vinegar, teriyaki sauce, all marinades, and fish sauce. 
 
       
Minor condiments, e.g.,   1 tsp  1 tsp (_g); 1 tsp (5 mL)  Condiments that are customarily used in a small quantity (e.g., about one teaspoon).  
horseradish, hot sauces, mustards,  Horseradish (not horseradish sauce), hot sauce, mustard (not mustard sauce), cooked or 
Worcestershire sauce  canned plum sauce (e.g., umeboshi), and Worcestershire sauce.   
 
NOTE:  Mustard sauce belongs to the Barbecue sauce, hollandaise sauce, tartar sauce, 
tomato chili sauce, other sauces for dipping (e.g., mustard sauce, sweet and sour sauce), 
all dips (e.g., bean dips, dairy-based dips, salsa) product category.  Horseradish sauce 
belongs to the Major condiments, e.g., catsup, steak sauce, soy sauce, vinegar, teriyaki 
sauce, marinades product category. 
 
       
SNACKS: 
 
       
All varieties, chips, pretzels,  30 g  _ cup (_ g) for small pieces  Salty snacks such as potato chips, corn chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, other starch-based 
popcorn, extruded snacks, fruit  (e.g., popcorn); _piece(s) (_g)  extruded snacks; popped and unpopped popcorns, sweetened and unsweetened, flavored 
and vegetable-based snacks (e.g.,  for large pieces (e.g., large  and unflavored, with or without nuts; fruit-based snacks (e.g., banana chips, apple 
fruit chips), grain-based snack  pretzels; pressed dried fruit  chips, dehydrated fruits, dehydrated fruits leather-type, pressed fruit sheets such as fruit 
mixes  sheet); 1 oz (28g/visual unit of  leather-type products); dehydrated vegetable chips, veggie crisps; and other grain-based 
measure) for bulk products  snack mixes (e.g., multigrain mixture with nuts and/or fruits, flavored or unflavored 
(e.g., potato chips)  puffed rice snack mix). 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
SOUPS: 
 
       
All varieties  245 g  _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)  All soups (e.g., oriental style soup, tomato soup, chicken, split pea soup).  
   
       
Dry soup mixes, bouillon  Amount to  _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)  All types of dry soup mixes, bouillon. 
  make 245 g 
 
       
SUGARS AND SWEETS: 
 
       
Baking candies (e.g., chips)   15 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large  All candies used for baking (e.g., baking chocolate, chocolate chips, peanut butter 
pieces; _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for small  chips). 
pieces; 1/2 oz (14 g/visual unit   
of measure) for bulk products 
 
       
After-dinner confectioneries  10 g      piece(s) (_ g)   All types and flavors of after-dinner confectioneries (i.e., products marketed for use 
    after meals), such as mint wafers, butter mints, and chocolate squares.  
 
       
Hard candies, breath mints 8  2 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types and flavors of hard candy, breath mints.  
 
       
Hard candies, roll-type, mini-size  5 g  _ piece(s) (_ g)  All types and flavors of roll-type hard and chewy candies and mini-size candies in 
in dispenser packages  dispenser packages.  
   
NOTE: This product category excludes breath mints. 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Hard candies, others; powdered  15 mL for liquid  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large  All types of hard candies not listed in other candy product categories (i.e., excluding 
candies; liquid candies  candies; 15 g for  pieces;_ tbsp(s) (_ g) for  hard candies, breath mints; hard candies, roll-type, mini-size in dispenser packages; 
  all others  "mini-size" candies  after-dinner confectionaries); covered or non-covered for all types of flavored or plain 
measurable by tablespoon; _  caramels; non-coated plain mints or candies; candy corns; uncovered toffee or taffy; 
straw(s) ( _ g) for powdered  rock sugar candies; powdered candies; liquid candies (e.g., wax candy). 
candies; _ wax bottle(s) (_ 
mL) for liquid candies; 1/2 oz 
(14 g/visual unit of measure) 
for bulk products 
 
       
All other candies  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g); 1 oz (30  All candies other than those included in the baking, after-dinner confectionaries, and 
g/visual unit of measure) for  hard candies categories.  This category includes fruits or nuts coated with candy (e.g., 
bulk products  chocolate-coated raisins or nuts, yogurt-coated raisins or nuts), fruit-based sweets (e.g., 
gummy bears) and marshmallow candies (e.g., chocolate-coated marshmallows, 
coconut-coated marshmallows, marshmallow chickens, marshmallow cream), and 
chocolate bars (solid or chocolate covered candy). 
 
NOTE:  All plain marshmallows are included in the Marshmallows category. 
 
       
Confectioner's sugar  30 g  _ cup (_ g)  Powdered sugar, all types. 
 
       
Honey, jams, jellies, fruit butter,      All honeys, jams, jellies (e.g., grape jelly, mint jelly), preserves, marmalades, fruit 
molasses, fruit pastes, fruit  1 tbsp  1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)  butters (e.g., apple butter), molasses, fruit pastes, and fruit chutneys. 
chutneys 
 
       
Marshmallows  30 g  _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces;  All plain marshmallows. 
_ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces   
NOTE:  Marshmallow candies (e.g., chocolate coated marshmallows, coconut coated 
marshmallows, marshmallow chickens) belong to the All other candies product 
category. 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Sugar   8 g  _ tsp (_ g) ; _ piece(s) (_ g) for  All sugars excluding powdered sugar.  Examples of products in this category include 
discrete pieces (e.g., sugar  granulated white or brown sugar, cubed sugar, cane sugar, and raw sugar. 
cubes, individually packaged   
products)  NOTE:  Rock sugar candy belongs to the Hard candies, others; powdered candies; 
liquid candies category. 
 
       
Sugar substitutes  An amount  _ tsp(s) (_ g) for solids; _  All sugar substitutes, liquid and powder (e.g., aspartame, maltodextrin, sucralose, 
equivalent to  drop(s) (_ g) for liquid; _  dextrose, stevia). 
one reference  piece(s) (_ g) (e.g.,   
amount for  individually packaged 
sugar in  products) 
sweetness 
 
       
Syrups  30 mL for all  2 tbsp (30 mL)  All syrups commonly used as part of a meal or as an ingredient, including cane syrup; 
syrups  corn syrup; maple syrup; cane, maple, and/or corn blends; buttered syrup; sugar and 
water syrup; and fruit syrup.  
 
NOTE:  This category excludes chocolate syrup and fudge types of syrup, which are 
included in the Other dessert toppings, e.g., fruits, syrups, spreads, marshmallow 
cream, nuts, dairy and non-dairy whipped toppings product category.   
 
       
VEGETABLES: 
 
Dried vegetables, dried tomatoes,       
sun-dried tomatoes, dried  5 g, add 5 g for  _piece(s); 1/3 cup ( __g)  All types of dried vegetables (e.g., dried tomatoes, sun-dried tomatoes, dried 
mushrooms, dried seaweed  products    mushrooms, dried seaweed (except dried seaweed sheets)) in various shapes (e.g., 
  packaged in oil     halved, sliced, mined, bits). 
     
NOTE:  Dried seaweed sheets belong in the Dried seaweed sheets product category.   
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
Dried seaweed sheets  3 g  _piece(s) (__g); ___cup(s)  All types of dried seaweed sheets. 
  (___g) 
 
       
Vegetables primarily used for  4 g   __ piece(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_  Fresh, canned, or dried pimento and parsley. 
garnish or flavor (e.g., pimento10,  g) for chopped products   
parsley, fresh or dried)   NOTE:  Dried parsley flakes belong to the Spices, herbs (other than dietary 
  supplements) product category. 
 
       
Fresh or canned chili peppers,  30 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) 13; _ tbsp(s) (_  Fresh or canned chili peppers, jalapeno peppers, other hot peppers (e.g., ghost, 
jalapeno peppers, other hot  g); _ cup(s) (_ g) for sliced or  habanero), green onions. 
peppers, green onion  chopped products 
 
       
All other vegetables without  85 g for fresh or  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces  All fresh, canned, or frozen vegetables without sauce (e.g., pumpkin, palm heart, winter 
sauce:  fresh, canned, or frozen  frozen; 95 g for  (e.g., Brussels sprouts); _  squash), other than those used for garnish or flavor.  
vacuum packed;  cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces   
130 g for  (e.g., cut corn, green peas); 3 
canned in liquid,  oz (84 g/visual unit of 
cream-style  measure) if not measurable by 
corn, canned or  cup 
stewed 
tomatoes, 
pumpkin, or 
winter squash 
 
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PRODUCT CATEGORY  REFERENCE  LABEL STATEMENT  EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS 4 
  AMOUNT  
 
       
All other vegetables with sauce:   110 g  _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces  All fresh, canned, or frozen vegetables other than those used for garnish or flavor that 
fresh, canned, or frozen  (e.g., Brussels sprouts); _  come with sauce. Products in this category include creamed spinach, peas and onion 
cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces  with cream sauce, spinach souffle, broccoli with cheese sauce, glazed carrots, carrots in 
(e.g., cut corn, green peas); 4  tomato sauce.   
oz (112 g/visual unit of   
measure) if not measurable by 
cup 
 
       
Vegetable juice  240 mL  8 fl oz (240 mL)  All single vegetable or mixed vegetable juices (e.g., tomato juice, vegetable juice). 
   
       
Olives 10  15 g  _ piece(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_ g)  All olives (e.g., green, black, stuffed). 
for sliced products   
 
       
Pickles and pickled vegetables,  30 g  1 oz (28 g/visual unit of  All types of pickles and pickled vegetables (e.g., Kimchi, sauerkraut). 
all types 10  measure)   
 
       
Pickle relishes  15 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  All pickle relishes. 
 
       
Sprouts, all types: fresh or canned  1/4 cup   1/4 cup (___g)  All canned or fresh sprouts (e.g., bean sprouts, alfalfa sprouts). 
 
       
Vegetable pastes, e.g., tomato  30 g  _ tbsp (_ g)  Tomato paste and other vegetable pastes having similar consistency (i.e., water content 
paste  of about 75%). 
 
       
Vegetable sauces or purees, e.g.,  60 g  _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)  Tomato sauce, tomato puree, and other vegetable sauces or purees having similar 
tomato sauce, tomato puree  consistency (i.e., water content of about 85 to 90%). 
   
 
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1 These values represent the amount (edible portion) of food customarily consumed per eating occasion and were primarily derived from the 1977-1978 and the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food 
Consumption Surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and updated with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004, 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 
conducted by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, in the Department of Health and Human Services.  
2 Unless otherwise noted in the Reference Amount column, the reference amounts are for the ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form of the product (e.g., heat and serve, brown and serve).  If not 
listed separately, the reference amount for the unprepared form (e.g., dry mixes, concentrates, dough, batter, fresh and frozen pasta) is the amount required to make the reference amount of the 
prepared form.  Prepared means prepared for consumption (e.g., cooked).  
3 Manufacturers are required to convert the reference amount to the label serving size in a household measure most appropriate to their specific product using the procedures in 21 CFR 101.9(b).  
4 The label statements are meant to provide examples of serving size statements that may be used on the label, but the specific wording may be changed as appropriate for individual products.  The 
term piece is used as a generic description of a discrete unit.  Manufacturers should use the description of a unit that is most appropriate for the specific product (e.g., sandwich for sandwiches, 
cookie for cookies, and bar for ice cream bars).  The guidance provided is for the label statement of products in ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form.  The guidance does not apply to the 
products which require further preparation for consumption (e.g., dry mixes, concentrates) unless specifically stated in the product category, reference amount, or label statement column that it is for 
these forms of the product.  For products that require further preparation, manufacturers must determine the label statement following the rules in  101.9(b) using the reference amount determined 
according to  101.12(c).  
5 Includes cakes that weigh 10 g or more per cubic inch.  The serving size for fruitcake is 1 12 ounces.  
6 Includes cakes that weigh 4 g or more per cubic inch but less than 10 g per cubic inch.  
7 Includes cakes that weigh less than 4 g per cubic inch.  
8 Label serving size for ice cream cones, eggs, and breath mints of all sizes will be 1 unit.  Label serving size of all chewing gums that weigh more than the reference amount that can reasonably be 
consumed at a single-eating occasion will be 1 unit.  
9 Animal products not covered under the Federal Meat Inspection Act or the Poultry Products Inspection Act, such as flesh products from deer, bison, rabbit, quail, wild turkey, geese, ostrich, etc.  
10 If packed or canned in liquid, the reference amount is for the drained solids, except for products in which both the solids and liquids are customarily consumed (e.g., canned chopped clam in juice).  
11 The reference amount for the uncooked form does not apply to raw fish in  101.45 or to single-ingredient products that consist of fish or game meat as provided for in  101.9(j)(11).  
12 Substitutes for bacon bits appears in the product category Salad and potato toppers, e.g. salad crunchies, salad crispins, substitutes for bacon bits.  
13 For raw fruit, vegetables, and fish, manufacturers should follow the label statement for the serving size specified in Appendices C and D to part 101 (21 CFR part 101) Code of Federal Regulations.  
14 Pizza sauce is part of the pizza and is not considered to be sauce topping.  
 
39