Aspergillus

# Overview
Aspergillosis is caused by the fungus Aspergillus, commonly A. fumigatus. Aspergillus is ubiquitous in the environment.

# Causes
Aspergillosis is caused by the fungus Aspergillus:
Common Aspergillus species involved in human disease include the following:
- A. fumigatus (most common)
- A. flavus
- A. clavatus
- A. parasiticus
- A. oryzae
- A. terreus
- A. nidulans
- A. niger

# Taxonomy
Eukaryota; Fungi/Metazoa group; Fungi; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes; Eurotiales; Trichocomaceae; mitosporic Trichomaceae

# Reservoir
- Aspergillus is ubiquitous in the environment.
- Aspergillus can be found in soil, decomposing plant matter, household dust, building materials, plants, food, and water.

# Transmission
- Transmission occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia.
- Hospital-acquired infections may be sporadic or may be associated with dust exposure during building renovation or construction.
- Occasional outbreaks of cutaneous infection have been traced to contaminated biomedical devices.

# Incubation Period
The incubation period for aspergillosis is unclear and likely varies depending on the dose of Aspergillus and the host immune response.

# Associated Diseases
Aspergillus may cause any of the following clinical syndromes depending on the host immune responses:
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis
- Aspergilloma
- Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
- Invasive aspergillosis
- Cutaneous aspergillosis
To learn how to distinguish between the Aspergillus clinical syndromes, click here.

# Gallery
- This micrograph reveals a fertilized egg of the round worm Ascaris lumbricoides; Mag. 400X. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Under a relatively low magnification of 30X, this micrograph of a growing colony of Aspergillus alliaceus revealed some of the ultrastructural characteristics including the presence of sclerotia and conidial heads. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by the fungal organism Aspergillus fumigatus. Of particular importance is the filamentous conidiophore, which ends in a bulbous, spheroid-shaped vesicle. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Under a magnification of 125X, this illustration depicts the ultrastructural details found in the common mold, Aspergillus including the organisms septate hyphae, conidiophores, which support the apparatus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This digitally-colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numbers of chains of Aspergillus specie fungal conidiospores. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This digitally-colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numbers of chains of Aspergillus specie fungal conidiospores. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numbers of round asexual Aspergillus sp. fungal fruiting bodies situated amongst a patch of the organisms septate hyphae. Numbers of chains of conidiospores are visible in this view.  From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numbers of round asexual Aspergillus sp. fungal fruiting bodies situated amongst a patch of the organisms septate hyphae. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Magnified 562X this photomicrograph, stained using a fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique (NOT stained using a Candida conjugate) revealed the presence of Aspergillus sp. organisms, in a case of aspergillosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Magnified 562X this photomicrograph, stained using an Aspergillus conjugate fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique, revealed the presence of Aspergillus sp. organisms, in a case of aspergillosis. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph revealed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus fungal organisms in a brain tissue, methenamine silver-stained specimen harvested from a turkey poult that had contracted this infection. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This micrograph depicts the histopathologic features of aspergillosis including the presence of fungal hyphae. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This micrograph depicts the histopathologic features of aspergillosis including the presence of conidia-laden conidiophores. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This micrograph depicts the histopathologic features of aspergillosis including the presence of conidial heads.From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Note the histopathologic changes seen in aspergillosis of the lung of a caged parrot using H&E stain, which shows fungal hyphae. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Note the histopathologic changes seen in aspergillosis of the lung of a caged parrot using PAS stain, which shows fungal hyphae. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This was a case of pulmonary aspergillosis found in a caged sulfur-crested cockatoo due to Aspergillosis fumigatus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph depicts the appearance of a rough conidiophore of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph depicts the appearance of a conidiophore of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph depicts the appearance of a conidiophore of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Note the aspergillosis associated histopathologic changes in this turkey poult brain tissue due to Aspergillus fumigatus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This photomicrograph reveals a conidiophore filament of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Conidial head of an Aspergillus niger fungal organism showing a double row of sterigmata. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- Conidial head of an Aspergillus niger fungal organism showing a double row of sterigmata. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). 
- This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numbers of chains of Aspergillus specie fungal conidiospores. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).