Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
TSI slant
The Triple Sugar Iron or TSI test is a microbiological test roughly named for its ability to test microorganism's ability to ferment sugars and to utilize iron to produce hydrogen sulfide. It is often used in the selective identification of enteric bacteria including but not limited to Salmonella and Shigella.

# Composition
The TSI slant is a test tube which contains agar, a pH-sensitive dye (phenol red), high concentrations of lactose and sucrose, and a low concentration of glucose as well as sodium thiosulfate and ferric citrate. All of these ingredients are mixed together and allowed to solidify in the test tube at a slanted angle. The slanted shape of this medium provides an array of surfaces that are either exposed to oxygen-containing air in varying degrees (an aerobic environment) or not exposed to air (an anaerobic environment).  TSI agar medium was developed based on Kligler's iron agar, which had been used for the determination of lactose fermentative bacteria, by addition of sucrose to be able to detect also sucrose fermentative bacteria.

# Interpretation of results
Bacteria which ferment any of the three sugars in the medium will produce byproducts. These byproducts are usually acids, which will change the color of the red pH-sensitive dye (phenol red) to a yellow color. Position of the color change distinguishes the acid production associated with glucose fermentation from the acidic byproducts of lactose or sucrose fermentation. Many bacteria that can ferment sugars in the anaerobic butt of the tube are enterobacteria.
Some bacteria are among those that can reduce the thiosulfate anion to sulfide, using the thiosulfate as an electron acceptor to create an iron sulfide precipitate, which appears black. Salmonella is one sulfide-producing bacteria.
Under anaerobic conditions (as occur toward the bottom of the tube) some bacteria use H+ as an electron acceptor and reduce it to hydrogen gas. This is not very soluble and may accumulate as bubbles along the inoculation track, between the agar and the glass, or in the fluid which accumulates at the bottom of the slant. Hydrogen production may lift the agar from the butt of the tube or fracture the agar. Carbon dioxide, if produced, may not manifest as bubbles because it is far more soluble in the medium.
Tao Brush
The Tao Brush is a medical instrument used to perform an alternative method of endometrial biopsy.
The traditional method of endometrial biopsies uses a specialized catheter (the Pipelle) to suction away a portion of the uterine lining. The Tao Brush method instead uses a small, flexible brush to gently brush the entire inside of the uterus. Thus, the Tao Brush is able to gather a more complete sampling of the uterus lining, removes less tissue, and is less painful than the traditional method.

# Early Detection
According to the American Cancer Society, endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system. In 2007 there will be approximately 39,080 new cases. About 7,400 women in the United States will die of uterine cancer.
The vast majority of the cases (70%) were diagnosed in women between the ages of 45 and 74, with the highest number between 55 and 64. The proportion of women who will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer is 1 in 40. As with all cancers, those diagnosed at an early stage have a much higher survival rate. The Tao Brush biopsy is able to detect endometrial adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 97% of all endometrial cancers.  Because the Tao Brush biopsy method is able to collect samples from the entire uterus without discomfort to the patient, it is an excellent method of early detection. Currently, it is the only available method. 

# Procedure
The procedure for the Tao Brush biopsy is:
1. The patient will be asked to lay on the table will their feet in the stirrups as for a routine pelvic exam.
2. The brush will be inserted into the uterus. The covering sheath will protect the brush from collecting any contaminating tissue from the cervix.
3. Once the brush is in place, the sheath is removed.
4. The brush is then rotated 4-5 times, collecting tissue from the entire uterine lining.
5. The sheath is then replaced, ensuring that the tissue samples are trapped on the brush.
6. The brush is removed and placed directly in the fixative solution.
The entire procedure takes approximately 30 seconds and can be completed at the same time as a routine Pap Smear.
The sample will be ready for processing in about 30 minutes and can be stored for several weeks, allowing it to be transported to an offsite laboratory. Bostwick Laboratories, currently the only laboratory which processes Tao Brush biopsies, called the TruTest, usually reports the results of the test within 3 business days. 
Along with early detection of endometrial cancer, the TruTest also test for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and HPV.
Teleostei
Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes. This diverse group, which arose in the Triassic period , includes 20,000 extant species in about 40 orders.  The other two infraclasses, Holostei and Chondrostei, are paraphyletic.
On the basis of biomass as well as of species count, teleosts are the typical vertebrates, and all other vertebrates are exceptions to the teleost rule. See Actinopterygii for a complete list of orders.

# Characteristics
Teleosts have a movable maxilla and premaxilla and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature. These modifications make it possible for teleosts to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. The caudal fin is homocercal, meaning the upper and lower lobes are about equal in size. The spine ends at the caudal peduncle, distinguishing this group from those in which the spine extends into the upper lobe of the caudal fin.
Templates

# What is a template?
A template is a computer program that generates the same content on multiple pages.  For example, the help menu that appears at the bottom of the page is a template that appears on all pages. If you edited a page, at the bottom of that page, you would see the code {{WH}}. This tells the software to insert the help menu at the bottom of the page.

# Give an example of how and why I might want to create a template
Using a template can save you time so that you don't have to type the same text over and over again. Say you don't want to type the following text every time you add your name to a page as Editor-in-Chief:
Instead of typing this text every time, you could create a template with a short name like BS. When you type in {{BS}} then
would appear.

# How do I create a template to put my name in on multiple pages?
Create a page named after the abbreviation you want to use. The word Template: must proceed the name of the page. For Bill Smith, this might be:
On this new page called Template:BS type in the text you want to appear:
Save the page.
When you want your name to appear as Editor-In-Chief, insert the template
It will then show up like this:
Terebinth
Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus) also called turpentine tree is a species of Pistacia, native to the Mediterranean region from the western regions of Morocco, Portugal and the Canary Islands, to the eastern regions of Turkey and Syria.
It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub growing to 10 m tall. The leaves are compound, 10-20 cm long, odd pinnate with five to eleven opposite glossy oval leaflets, the leaflets 2-6 cm long and 1-3 cm broad. The flowers are reddish-purple, appearing with the new leaves in early spring. The fruit consists of small, globular drupes 5-7 mm long, red to black when ripe. All parts of the plant have a strong resinous smell.

# History
John Chadwick believes that the terebinth is the plant called ki-ta-no in some of  the Linear B tablets. He cites the work of a Spanish scholar, J.L. Melena, who had found "an ancient lexicon which showed that kritanos was another name for the turpentine tree, and that the Mycenaean spelling could represent a variant form of this word."
Terebinth is mentioned in the Bible (primarily the Hebrew Scriptures/Tanakh or Old Testament), for example in Isaiah 1:29, where the Hebrew word "el" or "elim" is often translated as oak or terebinth:
Terebinths are also mentioned in three successive chapters of Genesis (12:6, 13:18, 14:13) in reference to the places where Abram (later Abraham) camped.
There are at least a few references in Judges; Ch4 (in reference to Heber, the Kenite, of the children of Hobab), Ch6 (in reference to an angel of the Lord who came to visit Gideon. Most versions use 'oak'), and Ch 9 (in reference to the crowning of Abimelech, by the terebinth of the pillar that was in Shechem. Most versions use 'oak').
Terebinth is also referred to in Virgil's Aeneid, Book 10, line 136 where Ascanius in battle is compared to "ivory skilfully inlaid in  Orician terebinth" ("inclusum Oricia terebintho  ebur")

# Uses
It is used as a source for turpentine, possibly the earliest known source. The turpentine of the terebinth is now called Chian, Scio, or Cyprian turpentine.
The fruits are used in Cyprus for baking of a specialty village bread. In Crete, where the plant is called tsikoudia, it is used to flavor the local variety of pomace brandy, also called tsikoudia.  The plant is rich in tannin and resinous substances and was used for its aromatic and medicinal properties in classical Greece. A mild sweet scented gum can be produced from the bark, and galls often found on the plant are used for tanning leather. Recently an anti-inflammatory triterpene has been extracted from these galls .

# Footnotes
-  John Chadwick, The Mycenaean World (Cambridge: University Press, 1976),p. 120

# External references
- Flora Europaea: Pistacia terebinthus
- Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- Jewish Encyclopedia: Oak and Terebinth
- Concise Oxford English Dictionary
- Kypros.org
- Giner-Larza EM et al, Anti-inflammatory triterpenes from Pistacia terebinthus galls, Planta Med. 2002 Apr;68(4):311-5.
ca:Terebint
de:Terebinthe
el: ()
eo:Terebintarbo
gl:Escornacabras
it:Pistacia terebinthus
he: 
nl:Terpentijnboom
sv:Terebint
Tetrasomy
A tetrasomy is a form of aneuploidy with the presence of four copies, instead of the normal two, of a particular chromosome.

# Causes

## Full
Full tetrasomy of an individual occurs due to non-disjunction when the  cells are dividing (meiosis I or II) to form egg and sperm cells (gametogenesis).  This can result in extra chromosomes in a sperm or egg cell.  After fertilization, the resulting fetus has 48 chromosomes instead of the typical 46.

## Autosomal tetrasomies
- Cat eye syndrome where tetrasomy of chromosome 22 is present
- Pallister-Killian syndrome (tetrasomy 12p)
- Tetrasomy 9p
- Tetrasomy 18p

## Sex-chromosome tetrasomies
- 48, XXXX syndrome
- 48, XXYY syndrome
- Klinefelter's syndrome, where XXXY tetrasomy is present
Tetrazine
Tetrazine is an unstable compound that consists of a six-membered aromatic ring containing four nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H2N4.  The name tetrazine is used in the nomenclature of derivatives of this compound. Three core-ring isomers exist: 1,2,3,4-tetrazines, 1,2,3,5-tetrazines and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines

# 1,2,3,4-tetrazines
1,2,3,4-Tetrazines are often isolated fused to an aromatic ring system and are stablized as the dioxide derivatives.

# 1,2,4,5-tetrazine
1,2,4,5-Tetrazines are very well known and myriad 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines are known . These materials are of use in the area of energetic chemistry.
The compound 3,6-di-2-pyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine  has two pyridine substituents and is of importance as a reagent in Diels-Alder reactions. It reacts with norbornadiene in a sequence of one DA reactions and two retro-DA reactions to cyclopentadiene and a pyridazine with exchange of an acetylene unit:
With norbornadiene fused to an arene the reaction stops at an intermediary stage
Thioamide
Thioamides (rarely, thionamide) are a group of organic compounds that share a common functional group with the general structure R1-CS-NR2R3.  One of the best ways of making thioamides is the reaction of an amide with Lawesson's reagent.
Thioamides are also a class of drugs which are used to control thyrotoxicosis.
Incorporation of thioamides into peptides are used as isosters for the amide bond. Peptide modifications are interesting analogoues of the native peptide, which can reveal the structure-activity-relationship (SAR). Analogoues of peptides can also be used as drugs with an improved oral bioavailability.

# Mechanism of action
They inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid, reducing the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4); block uptake of iodotyrosines from the colloid. They also block iodine release from peripheral hormone. Maximum effects occur only after a month since hormone depletion is caused by reduced synthesis, which is a slow process.

# Adverse effects
It penetrates the placental barrier, thus caution is advised when used during pregnancy.
10% of patients report:
- Skin eruptions, such as macules and papules.
- Urticaria
- Dermatitis
- Fever
- Arthralgia
0.03% of all patients develop agranulocytosis, a dangerous side-effect.

# Members of the thioamide group
- Methimazole
- Carbimazole converted in vivo to methimazole
- Propylthiouracil
Thioester
Thioesters are compounds resulting from the bonding of sulfur with an acyl group with the general formula R-S-CO-R'. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol (as opposed to an alcohol in regular esters).

# Thioesters and the origin of life
Some biochemists believe that the thioester bond was critical for the origin of life. One Nobel Prize winning scientist, Belgium's Christian de Duve, posits a "Thioester World" which preceded and developed into an "RNA World", itself the immediate precursor to the appearance of entities we would call organisms.
As de Duve explains:

# Examples
- Acetyl-CoA
- Malonyl-CoA

# Thionoesters
Thionoesters are isomeric with thioesters.  In a thionoester, sulfur replaces the carbonyl oxygen in an ester.  Methylthionobenzoate is C6H5C(S)OCH3. Such compounds are typically prepared by the reaction of the thioacyl chloride with an alcohol, but they can also be made by the reaction of Lawesson's reagent with esters.
Thioether
A thioether (similar to sulfide) is a functional group in organic chemistry that has the structure R1-S-R2 as shown on right. Like many other sulfur-containing compounds, volatile thioethers characteristically have foul odors.
A thioether is similar to an ether except that it contains a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen. Because oxygen and sulfur belong to the chalcogens group in the periodic table, the chemical properties of ethers and thioethers share some commonalities. This functional group is important in biology, most notably in the amino acid methionine and the cofactor biotin.

# Preparation
- Thioethers are typically prepared by the alkylation of thiols:
Such reactions are accelerated in the presence of base, which converts the thiol into the more nucleophilic thiolate.
- An alternative method of synthesis includes the addition of a thiol to an alkene, typically catalysed by free radicals:
- Thioethers can also be prepared via the Pummerer rearrangement.

# Reactions
- While ethers are generally stable, thioethers (R-S-R) are easily oxidized to the sulfoxides (R-S(=O)-R), which can themselves be further oxidized to sulfones (R-S(=O)2-R). For example, dimethyl sulfide can be oxidized as follows:
Typical oxidants include peroxides.
- The sulfur-sulfur bond in disulfides is susceptible to cleavage by nucleophiles, and reaction with a carbon nucleophile produces a thioether:
- Trialkysulfonium salts react with nucleophiles with a dialkyl sulfide as a leaving group:
This reaction is exploited in biological systems as a means of transferring an alkyl group.  For example, S-adenosylmethionine acts as a methylating agent in biological SN2 reactions.
- Ethers can be alkylated at oxygen only with difficulty to give highly reactive trialkyloxonium salts. In contrast, thioethers are readily alkylated to give stable sulfonium salts, such as trimethylsulfonium:

## Thiophenes
The heterocyclic compound thiophene is formally a thioether. Because of the aromatic character of this heterocycle, the nonbonding electrons on sulfur, normally responsible for the nucleophilicity so characteristic of thioethers, are delocalized into the -system. Consequently thiophene exhibits few properties expected for a thioether - thiophene is non-nucleophilic at sulfur and, in fact, is sweet-smelling. Upon hydrogenation, thiophene gives tetrahydrothiophene, C4H8S, which indeed does behave as a typical thioether.
Thiolutin
Thiolutin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic, which is a potent inhibitor of bacterial and yeast RNA polymerases. It was found to inhibit in vitro RNA synthesis directed by all three yeast RNA polymerases (I, II, and III). Thiolutin is also an inhibitor of mannan and glucan formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used for the analysis of mRNA stability. Studies have shown that thiolutin inhibits adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vitronectin and thus suppresses tumor cell-induced angiogenesis in vivo.
Thiolutin is formed in submerged fermentation by several strains of Streptomycetes  (source: Fermentek product page)
Synonyms: farcinicin, propiopyvothine, acetopyrrothine
Some sources erroneously specify "aureothricin" as a synonym of thiolutin. Aureothricin is an antibiotic very similar to Thiolutin, and is created as a by-product during the Thiolutin fermentation.
Tine test

# Overview
The Tine test is a multiple puncture tuberculin skin test used to aid in the medical diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).
This test uses a small "button" that has four to six short needles coated with TB antigens (tuberculin). The needles are pressed into the skin (usually on the inner side of the forearm), forcing the antigens into skin.
The test is read by measuring the size of the largest papule. A negative result is the presence of no papules.
Because it is not possible to control precisely the amount of tuberculin used in the tine test, a positive test should be verified using the Mantoux test. For this reason, the tine test is not as widely used as the Mantoux test and is considered to be less reliable. It is not recommended for use by the American Thoracic Society or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Mono-vacc Test (O.T.), Aplitest, and the Tine test are names of multiple tine tuberculin skin tests.
Tirilazad

# Overview
Tirilazad is a drug proposed to treat acute ischaemic stroke, however results are mixed as to whether the drug truly treats stroke.

# Mixed results
When tested on animal models, tirilazad protects brain tissue, and reduces any brain damage. On the contrary, the drug fails to treat, and even worsens a stroke when studied on a human being.

# Usage in treatment of stroke
Tirilazad currently has no usage in the clinical treatment of stroke.
Tocolytic
Tocolytics are medications used to suppress premature labor (from the Greek tokos, childbirth, and lytic,  capable of dissolving). They are given when delivery would result in premature birth.  The therapy also buys time for the administration of betamethasone, a glucocorticoid drug which greatly accelerate fetal lung maturity, but takes one to two days to work.
The suppression of contractions is often only partial and tocolytics can only be relied on to delay birth for several days. Depending on the tocolytic used the mother or fetus may require monitoring, as for instance blood pressure monitoring when nifedipine is used as it reduces blood pressure. In any case the risk of preterm labor alone justifies hospitalization.

# Types of agents
Various types of agents are used, with varying success rates and side effects.  Some medications are not specifically FDA approved for use in stopping uterine contractions in preterm labor, instead being used off label. Nifedipine is one of the most commonly used tocolytic agents.
Examples:
- MgSO4
- ritodrine (Yutopar)
- fenoterol
- nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
- atosiban
- salbutamol
- indomethacin
- terbutaline (Brethine)
Ethyl alcohol was frequently prescribed as a tocolytic in the mid-20th century, but later double-blind studies found it was not effective.

# Contraindications to Tocolysis
Several factors may contraindicate delaying birth with the use of tocolytic medications. 
- Fetus is older than 37 weeks gestation
- Fetus weighs more than 2500g or has IUGR
- Fetus is in acute distress or has passed (or has a fatal anomaly)
- Dilation is greater than 4 cm
- Chorioamnionitis or intrauterine infection is present
- Mother has severe Pregnancy-induced hypertension, eclampsia, active vaginal bleeding, a cardiac disease, or another condition which indicates that the pregnancy should not continue.
Tom Mason
Dr. Thomas Robert "Tom" Mason (April 29, 1920  December 1, 1980) was a chiropractor who lived in Los Angeles in the 1950s. He is best known as the stand-in for the then recently deceased Bela Lugosi in Edward D. Wood, Jr.'s infamous movie Plan 9 From Outer Space. Dr. Mason, who was taller than and bore a questionable physical resemblance to Lugosi, hunched over with a cape held over his face in all of his scenes.
Dr. Mason appeared in and helped to produce a couple of Wood's other movies, Night of the Ghouls (in which he was allowed to show his face) and Final Curtain, after which his career in showbiz ended. He died in 1980.

# In popular culture
Dr. Mason was portrayed by actor Ned Bellamy in the 1994 in film Ed Wood.
Tormentil
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae), also known as "septifoil".
It is a low, clumb-forming plant with  slender, procumbent to arcuately upright stalks, growing 10-30 cm. tall and with non-rooting runners It grows wild all over Asia and northern Europe, mostly in a wide variety of habitats, such as clearings, meadows, sandy soils and dunes.
This plant is flowering from May to August/September. There is one yellow, 7-11 mm wide flower, growing at the tip of a long stalk. There are almost always four notched petals, each with a length between 3 and 6 mm. Four petals are rather uncommon in the rose family. The petals are somewhat longer than the sepals. There are 20-25 stamens.
The glossy leaves are pinnately compound. The radical leaves have a long petiole, while the leaves on the stalks are usually sessile and have sometimes shorter petioles. Each leaf consists of three obovate leaflets with serrate leaf margins. The stipules are leaflike and palmately lobed.
The rhizomatous root is thick.  A lotion prepared from the dried root has been used both as medicine to treat a number of ailments (to stop bleedings or against diarrhea), for food in times of need and to dye leather red.
There are 2-8 dry, inedible fruits.

# Gallery
- File:Potentilla erecta.JPG
- Common Tormentil (on Faroese stamp
Common Tormentil (on Faroese stamp