Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
Considerations for Determining Whether 
a Measure Provides the Same Level of 
Public Health Protection as the 
Corresponding Requirement in 21 CFR 
part 112 or the Preventive Controls 
Requirements in part 117 or 507: 
Guidance for Industry 
 
Draft Guidance 
 
This guidance is being distributed for comment purposes only. 
 
 
Although you can submit comments on any guidance at any time (see 21 CFR 10.115(g)(2)), to 
ensure that the Agency considers your comment on this draft guidance before it begins work on 
the final version of the guidance, submit either electronic or written comments on the draft 
guidance within 120 days of publication in the Federal Register of the notice announcing the 
availability of the draft guidance. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations.gov. 
Submit written comments to the Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug 
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD  20852. All comments should be 
identified with the docket number FDA-2017-D-0397 listed in the notice of availability that 
publishes in the Federal Register. 
 
For questions regarding this document, you may contact the FSMA Technical Assistance 
Network online at https://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/fsma/ucm459719.htm, by mail 
at Food and Drug Administration; 5001 Campus Drive; Wiley Building, HFS-009; Attn: FSMA 
Outreach; College Park, MD, 20740, or by phone at 1-888-SAFEFOOD (1-888-723-3366).   
 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 
Food and Drug Administration 
Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine 
 
 
January 2018  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
Table of Contents 
 
 
I.  INTRODUCTION .................................................  3  
 
II.  SCOPE AND PURPOSE .........................................  4 
 
III.  CONTEXTS FOR SLPHP EVALUATIONS ................  6 
 
IV.  POINTS TO CONSIDER ........................................  7 
 
A.  Are the relevant data and information in support of the use of a  
measure sufficient to make a determination that the measure  
  provides the same level of public health protection as the  
  corresponding requirement? ....................................................  7 
 
B.  Are there any unique considerations relevant to the level of public  
health protection provided by that measure? ....................................  9 
 
C.  Was the evaluation of scientific and technical evidence conducted  
by competent individuals using an appropriate process? .....................  10 
 
D.  Is the determination of same level of public health protection  
properly documented? ...............................................................  11 
 
2  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
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Considerations for Determining Whether 
a Measure Provides the Same Level of 
Public Health Protection as the 
Corresponding Requirement in 21 CFR 
part 112 or the Preventive Controls 
Requirements in part 117 or 507: 
Guidance for Industry 
 
 
 
This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the current thinking of the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA or Agency) on this topic. It does not create any rights for any person and is not 
binding on FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the 
applicable statutes and regulations. To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible 
for this guidance as listed on the title page.   
 
 
 
I.  Introduction 
 
This guidance describes FDAs current thinking on considerations for determining whether a 
measure or procedure used in lieu of an FDA requirement in 21 CFR part 112, 117, or 507 
provides the same level of public health protection (SLPHP) as the corresponding FDA 
requirement. FDAs guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally 
enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidance documents describe FDAs current thinking on a 
topic and should be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory 
requirements are cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidance documents means that 
something is suggested or recommended, but not required.  
 
FDA established several key regulations, as required under the FDA Food Safety Modernization 
Act (FSMA), including those related to: (1) foreign supplier verification programs (FSVP; 21 
CFR part 1, subpart L); (2) produce safety standards (Produce Safety; 21 CFR part 112); (3) 
preventive controls for human food (PC Human Food; 21 CFR part 117); and (4) preventive 
controls for animal food (PC Animal Food; 21 CFR part 507).  
 
The FSVP regulation requires importers to develop, maintain, and follow an FSVP that provides 
adequate assurances that their foreign suppliers are using processes and procedures that provide 
3  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
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the same level of public health protection as those required under part 112 or the preventive 
controls requirements in part 1171 or part 5072, if any is applicable. As incorporated in 21 CFR 
1.502(a), this means that importers may import food consistent with the FSVP regulation even if 
their foreign supplier uses a process or procedure that varies in some way from the processes and 
procedures required under the applicable requirements in these regulations, provided that the 
importer follows an FSVP that provides adequate assurance that the processes or procedures that 
the supplier uses nevertheless provide the same level of public health protection as those required 
under the specified FDA requirement. Similarly, a provision in the FSVP requirements for 
dietary supplements, in 21 CFR 1.511(c), also requires that foreign supplier verification activities 
performed under that section must provide adequate assurances that a supplier is producing the 
dietary supplement in accordance with processes and procedures that provide the same level of 
public health protection as those required under part 111 (the dietary supplement current good 
manufacturing practice regulations). In addition, the Produce Safety regulation includes certain 
provisions whereby farms may use measures different from those required under part 112, 
provided all relevant requirements are met, including that those measures must provide the same 
level of public health protection as the corresponding FDA-established requirement ( 112.12, 
112.49, and 112.171-182 (Subpart P  Variances)).  
 
In the FSVP and Produce Safety final rules, FDA responded to public comments regarding 
whether and how SLPHP fits into the various provisions of the FSVP and Produce Safety 
regulations (80 FR 74226 at 74259 and 80 FR 74354 at 74416; November 27, 2015). This draft 
guidance contains further information about this concept and FDAs expectations for how an 
SLPHP evaluation should be conducted and an SLPHP determination should be reached. 
 
The SLPHP and similar concepts appear in national and international texts related to public 
health and safety. For example, the U.S. Department of Agricultures (USDA) Food Safety and 
Inspection Service (FSIS) uses the same phrase, same level of public health protection, in 
relation to its equivalence determination of a foreign countrys regulatory system for meat, 
poultry, and egg products.3 In addition, the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act refers to alternative 
water supplied for residential or similar uses for drinking or cooking, to achieve the equivalent 
level of public health protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water 
regulation (42 U.S.C.  300f). 
  
In the international context, under Article 4 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement 
on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) (the SPS Agreement), each 
                                                           
1 The preventive controls requirements, which implement section 418 of the FD&C Act, are primarily located in 
subparts C and G. Part 117 includes additional requirements that do not implement section 418 of the FD&C Act 
(i.e., requirements related to current good manufacturing practices (CGMPs)). The SLPHP requirement in the FSVP 
rule applies only to the requirements in part 117 that implement section 418 of the FD&C Act; it does not apply to 
the CGMP requirements in part 117. 
2 The preventive controls requirements, which implement section 418 of the FD&C Act, are primarily located in 
subparts C and E.  Part 507 includes additional requirements that do not implement section 418 of the FD&C Act 
(i.e., requirements related to current good manufacturing practices (CGMPs)). The SLPHP requirement in the FSVP 
rule applies only to the requirements in part 507 that implement section 418 of the FD&C Act; it does not apply to 
the CGMP requirements in part 507. 
3 USDA FSIS. Process for evaluating the equivalence of foreign meat, poultry, and egg products food regulatory 
systems, July 2011 (hereafter referred to as FSIS equivalence evaluation process). 
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member nation of the WTO, including the United States, is obligated to accept as equivalent a 
food regulatory system of another country if it provides the same level of health protection as is 
provided to consumers by its own system. The SPS Agreement uses the phrase appropriate level 
of sanitary or phytosanitary protection and defines it as follows: 
Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection  The level of protection 
deemed appropriate by the Member establishing a sanitary or phytosanitary measure to 
protect human, animal or plant life or health within its territory.  
NOTE: Many Members otherwise refer to this concept as the acceptable level of risk 
(Annex A of the SPS Agreement4). 
This phrase is also used in Codex guidelines related to equivalence and to food import and export 
inspection and certification systems (CAC/GL 53-20035, CAC/GL 34-19996, and CAC/GL 26-
19977). 
 
II. Scope and Purpose8 
 
This draft guidance describes FDAs current thinking on considerations relevant to SLPHP 
determinations, specifically in relation to the FSVP, PC Human Food, PC Animal Food, and 
Produce Safety regulations. Below we identify certain Points to Consider that a competent 
authority, a farm, a facility, an importer, or other relevant entity should take into consideration 
when evaluating whether a measure9 that is different from that required under applicable 
provisions in part 112, 117, or 507 meets the SLPHP threshold under the FSVP or Produce 
Safety regulations. In addition, FDA expects to apply these same points in its own evaluations of 
whether a measure that is different from that required under applicable provisions of part 112, 
117, or 507 provides the same level of public health protection as the corresponding requirement. 
 
These Points to Consider are intended to provide a general framework for evaluating the 
adequacy of a measure to provide the necessary level of public health protection that FDA 
determined is appropriate by establishing the corresponding requirement.10 We rely on an 
overarching principle that an SLPHP determination should be supported by sound scientific 
                                                           
4 The World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS 
Agreement). Accessible online at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/spsagr_e.htm.  
5 Codex Guidelines on the judgement of equivalence of sanitary measures associated with food inspection and 
certification systems, CAC/GL 53-2003. Accessible at http://www.fao.org/fao-who-
codexalimentarius/standards/list-of-standards/en/  
6 Codex Guidelines for the development of equivalence agreements regarding food import and export inspection and 
certification systems, CAC/GL 34-1999. Accessible at http://www.fao.org/fao-who-
codexalimentarius/standards/list-of-standards/en/  
7 Codex Guidelines on the design, operation, assessment and accreditation of food inspection and certification 
systems, CAC/GL 26-1997. Accessible at http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/list-of-
standards/en/  
8 The effectiveness of an FDA requirement (or a different measure used in lieu of an FDA requirement) in 
controlling a food safety hazard can be affected by proper implementation of that requirement (or measure); 
however, such issues are outside the scope of this guidance. 
9 For purposes of this guidance, the term measure refers to a process, procedure, or practice employed by a 
responsible entity (e.g., farm, facility, importer, or foreign supplier) during the growing, harvesting, packing or 
holding of produce, or during the manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding of food.  
10 As appropriate, we may provide additional information on SLPHP issues specific to the FSVP, PC Human Food, 
PC Animal Food, or Produce Safety requirements in guidance documents specific to that regulation. 
5  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
evidence that is analyzed by competent individuals, taking into account any unique measure-
specific considerations.  
 
In developing the Points to Consider, we referred to existing relevant national and international 
texts to understand the application of SLPHP and similar concepts in other food safety contexts. 
In particular, we reviewed FSISs equivalence evaluation process; WTO SPS Committees 
Guidelines to further the practical implementation of Article 5.511; Codex Guidelines on the 
judgement of equivalence of sanitary measures associated with food inspection and certification 
systems (CAC/GL 53-2003); Codex Guidelines for the development of equivalence agreements 
regarding food import and export inspection and certification systems (CAC/GL 34-1999); and 
Codex Guidelines for the design, operation, assessment and accreditation of food import and 
export inspection and certification systems (CAC/GL 26-1997). 
 
We also considered our experience with equivalence determinations.12 For example, when a 
foreign government applies a significantly different measure than FDA to address a specific food 
safety hazard, FDA reviews that measure to ensure that the public health outcomes are similar, 
that is, that the measure meets the same level of public health protection that is delivered through 
our domestic system. In addition, we considered our experience with systems recognition of 
foreign food safety programs, which has entailed an assessment of comparability of an overall 
system to ours to determine whether the overall system of controls provides a comparable level 
of public health protection.  
 
The Points to Consider are intended to be broadly applied to evaluations of measures used in lieu 
of applicable requirements in part 112 or the preventive controls requirements in parts 117 or 
507. These points do not necessarily represent the comprehensive set of considerations relevant 
to any specific SLPHP evaluation, however. There may be other factors not identified in the 
points below but relevant to an SLPHP evaluation that should also be considered, including as 
may be discussed in other Agency guidance concerning SLPHP requirements in FSMA 
regulations.  
 
III.  Contexts for SLPHP Evaluations  
 
There are different scenarios under which an SLPHP evaluation may be conducted in relation to 
the FSVP or Produce Safety regulations, or the preventive controls requirements in the PC 
Human Food or PC Animal Food regulations. An evaluation of a measures level of public health 
protection compared to the corresponding FDA requirement can vary widely, including with 
respect to the scope of evaluation and the entity that conducts the evaluation. The Points to 
Consider can be flexibly used, as appropriate and applicable, considering the specific 
circumstances applicable to the measure and the context for its evaluation. We expect using these 
points will help achieve consistency in the application of the concept of SLPHP across different 
circumstances and by different entities. 
 
                                                           
11 World Trade Organization Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Guidelines to further the practical 
implementation of Article 5.5, July 18, 2000.  
12 FDA has undertaken equivalence determinations for two commodities, Grade A dairy and dairy products and 
bivalve mollusks.  
6  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
The scope of an SLPHP evaluation may be limited to the use of an individual measure that is 
different from a specific requirement in the regulation. For example, an alternative microbial 
quality criterion (or criteria) for agricultural water may be used in growing produce, in lieu of the 
specific criteria established in  112.44(b) (see  112.12 and 112.49(a)). On the other hand, the 
scope of an SLPHP evaluation can be broad, such as for a variance involving a set of measures 
different from a set of requirements in the regulation. For example, a variance for a different 
approach and/or frequency for testing agricultural water may be used in growing produce, in lieu 
of the set of requirements established in  112.46(b) (see  112.182(c)). The scope could also 
be even broader, potentially involving an entire regulation. Similarly, the nature of an SLPHP 
evaluation can vary, depending on the corresponding FDA requirement. For example, 
requirements may be quantitative or qualitative in nature, and may address various aspects of 
food production, such as the design of equipment or infrastructure, manufacturing processes, 
monitoring and verification procedures, laboratory tests and sampling methods, personnel 
training, and documentation.  
 
Evaluations of SLPHP may be conducted by various entities and may occur either prior to use of 
the measure or, where appropriate, after its use. Evaluating entities can include FDA; a 
competent authority of a state, tribe, or foreign country; industry (such as an individual farm or 
facility, an importer, a trade or other industry association); or other stakeholders (such as a 
private food safety scheme). Examples of these different circumstances include:  
  FDA evaluation of a request for a variance from a requirement of the Produce Safety 
regulation submitted by a state, tribe, or a foreign country, in accordance with subpart P 
of part 112;  
  FDA evaluation of alternatives to certain provisions of the Produce Safety regulation 
under  112.12 and 112.49, in the event that a farm voluntarily consults with FDA 
before choosing to use the alternative measure; 
  A farm, farm coalition, trade association, or other industry stakeholder evaluation of 
alternatives to certain provisions of the Produce Safety regulation under  112.12 and 
112.49;  
  An importers evaluation of a foreign suppliers use of measures during the importers 
process for verifying foreign suppliers; 
  FDA review of an importers documentation of its foreign supplier verification activities; 
and 
  FDA review of a farms records supporting use of an alternative to certain provisions 
of the Produce Safety regulation under  112.12 and 112.49 during a farm inspection. 
 
We expect these points to be used by FDA, competent authorities, industry, and other 
stakeholders alike in circumstances where the opportunity to assess the appropriateness of a 
measure may occur. The type and extent of information available for review is likely to vary 
depending on the context in which the evaluation is conducted and the nature of the measure 
involved. Therefore, these points should be applied as appropriate to the specific circumstance 
while ensuring consistency and integrity of process and validity of conclusions of the evaluation.  
 
IV. Points to Consider 
 
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Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
When evaluating whether an individual measure or a set of measures different from those 
established in part 112 (produce safety) or the preventive controls requirements in part 117 or 
507 provide the same level of public health protection as the corresponding requirement in the 
regulation, the evaluator (FDA, competent authority, industry, or other stakeholder) should ask:  
 
A.  Are the relevant data and information in support of the use of a measure sufficient to 
make a determination that the measure provides the same level of public health 
protection as the corresponding requirement? 
 
A.1. The use of a measure to address a specific hazard should be sufficiently supported by 
credible scientific and technical evidence. A review and analysis of scientific and technical 
evidence should take into account, as appropriate:  
  The rigor and robustness of data and factual information, including the methodology used 
o
to obtain the data, such as the number of studies, study design, sample sizes, statistical 
significance, and range of variables, if applicable. For example, with respect to the 
Produce Safety regulation13, an alternative microbial die-off rate and accompanying 
maximum time interval, as permitted under  112.49(b), should consider a broad range of 
variables, such as microbial characteristics, environmental factors (e.g., sunlight 
intensity, moisture level, temperature, pH, presence of competitive microbes, 
precipitation, crop type, timing of water application, and frequency of water use); 
  Any accompanying risk assessment that may be conducted in support of the use of a 
o
measure, depending on the nature of the measure and availability of data. A risk 
assessment may also be used to support that a preventive measure is not needed with 
respect to the preventive controls rules, e.g., that a hazard presents such a low risk that a 
preventive control is not needed. Although an assessment of risks is not always necessary 
to support an SLPHP evaluation, when a risk assessment is conducted, it is preferred that 
such assessment is based on appropriate methodology and as robust as FDAs risk 
assessment14 underlying the corresponding requirement; and 
  The completeness of data and information, as well as the variability and sources of 
o
uncertainty in data.  
 
A.2. The use of a measure should achieve any specified numerical criteria associated with public 
health protection underlying the corresponding requirement. This consideration applies to 
quantitative requirements for which FDA: (1) determined that certain quantitative and 
prescriptive measures are necessary to help ensure safety of the food, and (2) specified relevant 
numerical criteria, including the following:  
  Rates of illness. For example, in developing the Produce Safety regulation, FDA 
o
considered EPAs analysis of data describing specific illness rates generalized across 
different bodies of recreational water, as well as WHOs recommendations for protective 
                                                           
13 This and other examples related to agricultural water used throughout this document reflect the requirements 
established by the produce safety rule. As noted on March 20, 2017, FDA is exploring ways to simplify the 
microbial quality and testing requirements for agricultural water established by the produce safety rule while still 
protecting public health (https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm546089.htm). In addition, FDA 
plans to conduct stakeholder engagement on agricultural water standards 
(https://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm575532.htm). 
14 Information about FDAs risk assessments is available online at: 
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafetyAssessment/default.htm  
8  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
and preventive measures to reach the necessary total log reduction of pathogens to 
achieve a specified target health outcome. FDA considered these data to establish the 
microbial quality criteria for a certain use of agricultural water (see  112.44(b) and 
accompanying discussion in the Produce Safety final rule at 80 FR 74354 at 74416). Any 
microbial quality standard used in lieu of the microbial quality criteria in  112.44(b) 
should be supported by an equally robust and rigorous scientific analysis and be 
quantitatively demonstrated to be equivalent to the FDA-established criteria. 
  Level(s) of risk reduction or established log reduction of pathogen levels. For example, if 
o
a requirement specifies a process such as a heat treatment to control a particular pathogen 
of public health significance, an alternative pathogen control process such as high 
pressure processing might be appropriate if it results in an equivalent log reduction of 
pathogen levels.  
 
A.3. The use of any indicator for a hazard should be evaluated for its appropriateness as an 
indicator for the same hazard or adverse health effect related to the indicator or indicator 
organism in the corresponding requirement. For example, the Produce Safety regulation allows 
for the use of an alternative microbial quality criterion (or criteria) using an appropriate indicator 
of fecal contamination in lieu of the FDA-established microbial quality criteria (see  112.49(a)), 
which rely on generic E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. Any alternative indicator to 
generic E. coli that is used in accordance with  112.49(a) should be as sensitive to the presence 
and level of fecal pollution as is generic E. coli (see discussion in the Produce Safety final rule at 
80 FR 74354 at 74416). 
 
A.4. For performance-based requirements, an SLPHP evaluation may not be necessary or, where 
needed, application of that concept may be less important because of the inherent flexibility of 
performance-based measures. An example of a performance-based requirement is that, under  
112.54, any scientifically valid controlled physical, chemical, or biological process, or a 
combination of such processes can be used to treat a biological soil amendment of animal origin 
that is applied in the growing of covered produce, provided the treatment process has been 
validated to satisfy the relevant microbial standards in  112.55. Such processes do not need to 
be evaluated to determine whether they provide the SLPHP as the regulation because their use 
satisfies the regulations inherently flexible performance-based requirement. 
 
A.5. Qualitative requirements are inherently flexible and, therefore, allow the use of different 
measures within the bounds of the requirement. An example of a qualitative requirement in the 
Produce Safety regulation is a requirement that equipment and tools used must be of adequate 
design, construction, and workmanship to enable them to be adequately cleaned and properly 
maintained ( 112.123(a)). Similarly, substantial flexibility is provided in PC Human Food and 
PC Animal Food regulations such that a supplier (including a foreign supplier) is able to use a 
variety of processes and procedures, such as with respect to process controls, to ensure food 
safety and still comply with the regulation. An SLPHP evaluation is not likely to be necessary 
regarding such qualitative requirements because a farm or facility should be able to use practices, 
procedures, or processes well-suited for its own operations and commodities that comply with 
such inherently flexible qualitative requirements. 
 
9  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
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A.6. Scientific and technical conclusions should be based on consideration of all reasonably 
available and relevant data rather than on a limited dataset selected to favor a desired outcome or 
on data that are not directly relevant.  
 
A.7. Scientific data and analysis can be developed by, for example, farms, facilities, or 
importers; state, tribal or foreign governments; or third parties, such as trade associations and 
commodity boards; or available in scientific literature. 
 
A.8. Scientific data and other information do not need to be limited to that published in peer-
reviewed journals, although we encourage use of peer-reviewed data and information, to the 
extent available. 
 
B.  Are there any unique considerations relevant to the level of public health protection 
provided by that measure? 
 
B.1. Consideration should be given to whether the hazard or adverse health effect that is intended 
to be addressed by the corresponding requirement is being adequately controlled through other 
measures during production of the food or at another point in the supply chain. For example: 
  A facility may lack a written hazard analysis that describes how the facility determined 
o
which hazards require controls, and instead have in place a HACCP plan that identifies 
appropriate hazards along with the controls and management components, and also 
maintain records documenting its implementation of appropriate hazard controls. 
  If an importers FSVP for verifying their foreign suppliers compliance with the PC rule 
o
relies on obtaining the food safety records for the imported food but the exporter 
conducts statistically based end product testing for a specific hazard, the end product 
testing could be determined to provide the same level of public health protection with 
respect to the requirement for supply-chain controls (see  117.410) for that particular 
hazard.  
 
B.2. Consideration should be given to circumstances where it may be demonstrated that a 
required process, procedure, or practice is not necessary because of local growing or production 
environments. For example:  
  A state, tribe, or foreign country may conclude that meeting certain requirements of part 
o
112 would be problematic in light of local growing conditions and that a variance from 
some or all provisions of part 112 is necessary. To support such conclusion, the state, 
tribe or foreign country might consider the historical performance of industry within their 
jurisdiction (e.g., as indicated by the epidemiological record) along with the combination 
of measures taken by that industry. 
  The pathogen prevalence and levels in a food in a foreign country may be such that a 
o
different log pathogen reduction (compared to that associated with the corresponding 
requirement) could be deemed adequate to control the risk presented to human health 
from exposure to that specific hazard. 
 
B.3. Consideration may also be given to relevance of prior SLPHP determinations. An example 
of such circumstance may be where scientific data and information supporting the use of a 
measure specific to a commodity, condition, or practice can be appropriately applied to other 
10  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
Draft  Not for Implementation 
 
commodities, conditions, or practices, thereby allowing those data to support use of the same 
measure across multiple commodities, conditions, or practices. Note also  112.177, which 
specifies conditions under which an approved variance may apply to persons other than those 
identified in the petition requesting that variance. 
 
B.4. The threshold for SLPHP is likely to be met where the measure reflects a more stringent or 
restrictive requirement (e.g., a foreign countrys requirement) than the corresponding FDA 
requirement that addresses the same hazard. 
 
C.  Was the evaluation of scientific and technical evidence conducted by competent 
individuals using an appropriate process? 
 
An SLPHP evaluation may be conducted by various entities, including FDA15; a competent 
authority of a state, tribe, or foreign country; an individual farm or facility; an importer; a trade 
or other industry association; a private food safety scheme; or other stakeholder. Regardless of 
what kind of entity conducts the evaluation, the process should ensure sufficient knowledge and 
technical expertise of individuals conducting the evaluation so that the output of that process is 
adequate, accurate, current, and reliable. Some points to consider in this regard include:  
 
C.1. An SLPHP evaluation should be conducted in an objective manner by experts who are 
qualified to conduct these evaluations, based on their education, experience, or training (or a 
combination of these). It is also important that these experts understand the scope and purpose of 
the evaluation.  
 
C.2. An SLPHP determination should be revisited, as necessary. For example, a reanalysis of an 
existing SLPHP determination is likely necessary if there is relevant and significant new 
scientific or technical evidence indicating that the measure (that is the subject of the SLPHP 
determination) is not as effective as previously demonstrated or that additional controls are 
necessary for that measure to be effective. As FDA becomes aware of such new information, we 
will make efforts to share this information with relevant stakeholders and, as warranted, conduct 
a reanalysis of affected prior SLPHP determinations made by the agency. As another example, 
significant changes in a farm or facilitys infrastructure or production practices that affect the 
nature of associated hazards or level of risk may also influence the original SLPHP 
determination. 
 
C.3. Process-related considerations may be less important for quantitative requirements where an 
SLPHP determination is driven by specified objective outcomes and, therefore, likely less 
dependent on the judgment of individuals conducting the evaluation. However, an evaluation of 
whether a measure met the relevant quantitative standard would still need to be conducted by 
competent individuals. 
 
D.  Is the determination of same level of public health protection properly documented? 
 
                                                           
15 For SLPHP evaluations that FDA conducts in relation to a variance request, under the Produce Safety regulation, 
the procedures we will follow to approve or deny the petition are described in subpart P of part 112. 
11  Contains Nonbinding Recommendations 
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D.1. Documentation of all relevant information pertaining to the SLPHP evaluation is important 
to provide valid support for the conclusion (and, if applicable, the accompanying process) that a 
measure provides the same level of public health protection as the corresponding requirement. 
The regulations include requirements for preparing and keeping appropriate records. For 
example: 
  For SLPHP evaluations in relation to alternatives permitted under  112.12 and 
o
112.49, the farm using the alternative measure must establish and maintain 
documentation of the scientific data and information on which the farm relied to use the 
alternative measure (see  112.12);  
  For SLPHP evaluations in relation to variance requests submitted to FDA in accordance 
o
with subpart P of part 112, the petition must include a Statement of Grounds that 
includes information supporting the variance request (see  112.173); and 
  Under the PC Human Food and PC Animal Food regulations, records documenting the 
o
supply-chain program include documentation of the appropriate supplier verification 
activities (see  117.475(c) and 507.175(c)). 
 
D.2. FDA intends to disseminate useful information, when available, to help industry apply new 
scientific or other information to their operations, as appropriate. Specifically with respect to 
variance requests regarding the Produce Safety regulation, we will make petitions submitted to 
FDA, public comments received on those petitions, and the conclusions of our evaluations 
publicly available. FDA will make readily accessible to the public, and periodically update, a list 
of filed petitions requesting variances, including the status of each petition (for example, 
pending, granted, or denied) (see  112.176(d)).  
 
 
12