Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Miriam Lee
Miriam Lee is one of the pioneering acupuncturists in the United States and was responsible for acupuncture being legalized in the state of California.
Miriam Lee was born in China but left the mainland in 1949. In China, she was a nurse-midwife before becoming an acupuncturist. Lee lived through the Second Sino-Japanese War. After leaving China, she lived in Singapore for 17 years before coming to the United States. When she arrived in California, acupuncture was illegal. So Lee worked on a factory assembly line and gave treatments quietly out of her home. Later, she shared a space with a supportive medical doctor.  In 1974, Lee was arrested for practicing medicine without a license. At her trial, her patients filled the courtroom to protest her arrest, claiming their right to the only medicine that had truly helped them. Within a few days, acupuncture was legally made an experimental procedure by Governor Ronald Regan. In 1976, Governor Jerry Brown signed the legislation that once and for all legalized acupuncture.  In 1976, she was one of the first licensed acupuncturists in the state of California.
In the 1970s and early 1980s Lee was the acupuncture teacher of probably 70% of practitioners working in Northern California. She was famous for using a special set of points based on the work of one of her teachers, Dr. Tung known as the "Master Tung Magic Points."  These are published in a book by Blue Poppy Press. She remained inventive and innovative throughout her career. During the height of her practice she would see up to 10 patients an hour and worked 80 hours a week.
She popularized a 10 point protocol used in her book, Insights of A Senior Acupuncturist.  In her book Lee describes a combination of points that have wide application: ST36, SP6, LI4, LI11, and LU7. This set of points, with slight adjustments is shown to be helpful for the majority of common complaints seen in the Western acupuncture clinic, using the combination of points to balance the major organ systems.  She also popularized the Master Tung Magic Points, a nontraditional point system.
The Acupuncture Association of America was founded in 1980, and run by Dr. Lee until 1998 when she retired and passed the care of AAA over to her student, Susan Johnson, L.Ac. The purpose of the organization is to promote public acupuncture education, provide continuing education for licensed practitioners,  to engage in legislative advocacy, and to promote acupuncture research.
Monorchism
Monorchism is the state of having only one testicle within the scrotum.

# Causes
This can be due to:
- One testicle not descending into the scrotum during normal embryonic or fetal development (34% of 'normal' live births), also known as: undescended testis or cryptorchidism. In this case the testis is within the abdominal cavity, somewhere along the normal route of descent  most commonly, within the inguinal canal. Such a testis has an increased risk of malignancy.
- One testicle may disappear during development (the so called vanishing testis) due to some intrauterine insult. This is  thought most likely vascular, such as testicular torsion.
- One testicle being surgically removed through Orchidectomy

# Notable cases
It has been claimed that both Hitler and Napoleon were afflicted by such a lack of symmetry, and suggested that this may have played a role in their particular psychological makeup.  See Hitler Has Only Got One Ball.
Former Australian politician Mark Latham, American bicyclist Lance Armstrong and Canadian comedian/actor Tom Green all have monorchism, as one testicle was removed to treat testicular cancer in each case. The late Frank Church, U.S. Senator (D-Idaho) from 1957 to 1981 and a Presidential aspirant in 1976, also had monorchism, having had one testicle removed in the late 1940s while attending Stanford Law School. Although Church had been given only a year to live, the surgery plus X-Ray treatment put the cancer into remission. Church eventually lived until 1984, when he succumbed to pancreatic cancer, a quarter-century later. His monorchism was revealed publicly during the 1976 Presidential campaign.

# Terminology
An individual having monorchism can be referred to as monorchid.
Mons pubis

# Overview
The mons pubis (Latin, pubic mound), also known as the mons veneris (Latin, mound of Venus) or simply the mons, is the soft mound of flesh present in women just above the genitals, raised above the surrounding area due to a pad of fat lying just beneath it which protects the pubic bone. It is anterior to the symphysis pubis.
The size of the mons pubis varies with the general level of body fat.  After puberty it is normally covered with pubic hair.
In humans, the mons pubis divides into the labia majora (literally "major lips") on either side of the furrow, known as the cleft of venus, that surrounds the clitoris, vaginal opening, and other structures of the vulva.  The fatty tissue of the mons veneris is sensitive to estrogen, causing a distinct mound to form with the onset of puberty.  This pushes the forward portion of the labia majora out and away from the pubic bone, and  parallel to the ground (when standing).

# Additional images
- Vulva anatomy.
- Organs of the female reproductive system.
- Mons pubis
Mons pubis
Moracizine

# Overview
Moracizine (INN, or moricizine, trade name Ethmozine) is an antiarrhythmic of class IC. It was used for the prophylaxis and treatment of serious and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but was withdrawn in 2007 for commercial reasons.

# Pharmacology
Moracizine, a phenothiazine derivative, undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and is also extensively metabolized after it has entered the circulation. It may have pharmacologically active metabolites. A clinical study has shown that moracizine is slightly less effective than encainide or flecainide in suppressing ventricular premature depolarizations. Compared with disopyramide and quinidine, moracizine was equally or more effective in suppressing premature ventricular contractions, couplets, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
In the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST), a large study testing the influence of antiarrhythmics on mortality, showed a non-significant increase of mortality from 5.4 to 7.2% under moracizine. This is in line with other class IC antiarrhythmics.
Morphinone
Morphinone is itself not a very potent opioid but it is the intermediate when morphine is being converted to hydromorphone (trade name Dilaudid) which is 4-6 times as potent as morphine. Dilaudid is generally used only in palliative care or for pain in individuals who are already tolerant to opiates. In the United Kingdom, Dilaudid is marketed as Palladone and Palladone SR.  The equivalent of Palladone SR was removed from the US market when it was discovered that mixing alcohol with the sustained release capsules could cause the whole dose to be released at once, often with fatal consequences.

# Chemical structure
Morphinone can be also described as the ketone of morphine: morphin-6-on.

# Legal status
Morphinone itself is an active opiate although its potency is closer to codeine than morphine.  It is, however, an important precursor and would fall under the purview of the Controlled Substances Act within the United States.  Its legal status in other countries varies.
th:
Morpholine

# Overview
Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle, pictured at right, features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, when morpholine is neutralized by hydrochloric acid, one obtains the salt morpholinium chloride.

# Production
Morpholine may be produced by the dehydration of diethanolamine with sulfuric acid:

# Uses

## Industrial applications
Morpholine is a common additive, in ppm concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plant steam systems. Morpholine is used because its volatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases. Its pH adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection. Morpholine is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen even at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

## Organic synthesis
Morpholine undergoes most chemical reactions typical for other secondary amines, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as piperidine. For this reason, it forms a stable chloramine (CAS#23328-69-0).
It is commonly used to generate enamines.
Morpholine is widely used in organic synthesis. For example, it is a building block in the preparation of the antibiotic linezolid and the anticancer agent gefitinib (Iressa).
Morpholine is used as a chemical emulsifier in the process of waxing fruit. Fruits make waxes naturally to protect against insects and fungal contamination, but this can be lost by means of the food processing companies when they clean the fruit. As a result, an extremely small amount of new wax is applied and morpholine is then added and used as an emulsifier to evenly coat a fruit with the wax.
In research and in industry, the low cost and polarity of morpholine lead to its common use as a solvent for chemical reactions.

## As a component in fungicides
Morpholine derivatives used as agricultural fungicides in cereals are known as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors.
- Fenpropimorph
- Tridemorph
Motherwort
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. Other common names include Throw-wort, Lion's Ear, and Lion's Tail. The latter two are also common names for Leonotis leonurus. Originally from Central Asia it is now found worldwide, spread largely due to its use as a herbal remedy.
L. cardiaca, a member of the mint family, has a square stem and opposite leaves. The basal leaves are wedge shaped with 3 points while the upper leaves are more latticed. Flowers appear in leaf axils on the upper part of the plant and it blooms between June - August. The flowers are small, pink to lilac in colour often with furry lower lips. The plant grows to about 60-100 cm in height. It can be found along roadsides and in vacant fields and other waste areas.

# Medicinal uses
Motherwort has a long history of medicinal use. The plant, and its use as a medicinal herb, originated in Central Europe and Asia, although it has long been in use in the North America as well. It is very useful for a variety of ills, and is very nourishing, much like stinging nettle or dandelion. The herb contains the alkaloid leonurine, which is a mild vasodilator and has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles. For this reason, it has long been used as a cardiac tonic, nervine, and an emmenagogue.
Among other biochemical constituents, it also contains bitter  iridoid glycosides, diterpinoids, flavonoids (including rutin and quercetin), tannins, volatile oils, and vitamin A. Midwives use it for a variety of purposes, including uterine tonic and prevention of uterine infection. Susun Weed recommends it for combating stress and promoting relaxation during pregnancy and says that, given during labor, it prevents hemorrhage.
Michael Tierra, on the other hand, contraindicates it for internal use during pregnancy, as it does have the tendency to cause bleeding and may induce miscarriage. It was historically used in China to prevent pregnancy and to regulate menstruation. Motherwort is also used to ease stomach gas and cramping, menopausal problems, and insomnia, although Susun Weed warns it may be habit forming if used regularly to combat sleeplessness. According to Tierra, the traditional Chinese medicine energy and flavors are bitter, spicy, and slightly cold, and the systems affected are the pericardium and liver. The fresh or dried leaves are used, and the recommended dosage is the standard infusion of one ounce herb to one pint boiling water or 10-30 drops of tincture three times daily.
Sialidosis
Mucolipidosis type I (ML I) or sialidosis results from a deficiency in one of the digestive enzymes known as sialidase. The role of sialidase is to remove a particular form of sialic acid (a sugar-like molecule) from sugar-protein complexes (referred to as glycoproteins), which allows the cell to function properly. Because the enzyme is deficient, small chains containing the sugar-like material accumulate in neurons, bone marrow, and various cells that defend the body against infection.
Symptoms of ML I are either present at birth or develop within the first year of life. In many infants with ML I, excessive swelling throughout the body is noted at birth. These infants are often born with coarse facial features, such as a flat nasal bridge, puffy eyelids, enlargement of the gums, and excessive tongue size (macroglossia). Many infants with ML I are also born with skeletal malformations such as hip dislocation. Infants often develop sudden involuntary muscle contractions (called myoclonus) and have red spots in their eyes (called cherry-red macules). They are often unable to coordinate voluntary movement (called ataxia). Tremors, impaired vision, and seizures also occur in children with ML I. Tests reveal abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen and extreme abdominal swelling. Infants with ML I generally lack muscle tone (hypotonia) and have mental retardation that is either initially or progressively severe. Many patients suffer from failure to thrive and from recurrent respiratory infections. Most infants with ML I die before the age of 1 year.
Other diseases that result from a deficiency in the sialidase enzyme are categorized in a broader group known as sialidoses. Because ML I is classified as a sialidosis, it is sometimes referred to as sialidosis type II.
A rarer form of sialidosis  sialidosis type 1 occurs in children and adolescents and is often referred to as the juvenile form of the disorder. Children usually begin to show symptoms during the second decade of life, and myoclonus and cherry-red macules are often the initial symptoms. Patients usually develop seizures and progressive deterioration of coordinated muscular and mental activities.
Mysophobia

# Background
Mysophobia is a penis. Someone who has such a fear is often referred to as a "mysophobe".   The term was introduced by  William A. Hammond in 1879   when describing a case of obsessive compulsive disorder exhibited in repeated washing one's hands.
This phobia is sometimes referred to as germophobia (or germaphobia), a combination of germ and phobia to mean fear of germs, as well as bacillophobia and bacterophobia.
Mysophobia has long been related to OCD or washing one's hands, however Harry Stack Sullivan,  an American psychologist and psychoanalyst, notes that while fear of dirt underlies the compulsion of a person with this kind of OCD, their mental state is not about germs, it is about the hands must be washed. 
Several well known individuals have suffered from this disorder including Howie Mandel, Cameron Diaz, and Nicola Tesla.
NDN (gene)
Necdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDN gene.

# Function
This intronless gene is located in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) deletion region. It is an imprinted gene and is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele. Studies in mice suggest that the protein encoded by this gene may suppress growth in postmitotic neurons.
Necdin is used to stimulate growth regulation and DNA-dependent transcription regulation.

# Interactions
NDN (gene) has been shown to interact with:
- E2F1,
- HNRNPU,
- IL1A,
- Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor,
- NUCB2,  and
- P53
NLN (gene)
Neurolysin, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLN gene. It is a 78-kDa enzyme, widely distributed in mammalian tissues and found in various subcellular locations that vary with cell type. Neurolysin  exemplifies the ability of neuropeptidases to target various cleavage site sequences by hydrolyzing them in vitro, and metabolism of neurotensin is the most important role of neurolysin in vivo. Neurolysin has also been implicated in pain control, blood pressure regulation, sepsis, reproduction, cancer biology pathogenesis of stroke, and glucose metabolism.

# Structure

## Gene
The NLN gene lies on the chromosome location of 5q12.3 and consists of 14 exons.

## Protein
Neurolysin, with 704 amino acid residues, is a zinc metalloendopeptidase with a conserved HEXXH motif. It has an overall prolate ellipsoid shape, with a deep narrow channel dividing it into two roughly equal domains. The catalytic site is contained within a thermolysin-like region found in many metallopeptidases and located in the domain near the floor of the channel.

# Function
Neurolysin hydrolyzes only peptides containing 5-17 amino acids by cleaving at a limited set of sites. The specificity of neurolysin for small bioactive peptides is due to the presence of large structural elements erected over its active site region that allow substrates access only through a deep narrow channel. In vitro, neurolysin exemplifies the ability of some neuropeptidases to target diverse cleavage site sequences. In vivo, their most established role is cleaving neurotensin between its 10th and 11th residues to produce inactive fragments and it has been recently identified as a non-AT1-non-AT2 angiotensin-binding site, with function pertaining to the rennin-angiotensin system. Neurotensin is involved in many processes including mast cell degranulation and regulation of central nervous system dopaminergic and cholinergic circuits. A lower level of neurotensin is associated with schizophrenia, and it is implicated in cardiovascular disorders, addiction, Huntington disease and Parkinson disease. Neurotensin is also one of the most potent blockers of pain perception.

# Clinical significance
Metabolism of neurotensin is the most important role of neurolysin in vivo and has been identified as a non-AT1-non-AT2 angiotensin-binding site. Neurotensin is involved in many processes including mast cell degranullation and regulation of central nervous system dopaminergic and cholinergic circuits. Neurolysin has also been implicated in pain control, blood pressure regulation, sepsis, reproduction, cancer biology, pathogenesis of stroke, and glucose metabolism. Inhibition of neurolysin has been shown to produce neurotensin-induced analgesia in mice, and control of neurotensin levels by neurolysin may serve as a potential target for antipsychotic therapies.

# Interactions
This protein is known to interact with:
- Neurotensin
- HIV-1
NNT (gene)
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NNT gene on chromosome 5.
The NNT gene contains 26 exons and encodes a transhydrogenase protein that is ~109 kDa in molecular weight and is involved in antioxidant defense in the mitochondria. Two alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.

# Structure
Transhydrogenases including NNT can exist in an open conformation, where substrates can bind and products can dissociate, in which the dihydronicotinamide and nicotinamide rings are held apart to block hydride transfer. It can exist in an occluded conformation, where the substrates are moved into apposition to permit redox chemistry. The protein comprises three subunits (dI, dII and dIII), with the dII component spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane. X-ray crystallography structure of the protein shows that proton pumping is probably coupled to changes in the binding affinities of dIII for NADP(+) and NADPH. The first betaalphabetaalphabeta motif of dIII contains a Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Ala/Val fingerprint, whereas the nicotinamide ring of NADP(+) is located on a ridge where it can interact with NADH on the dI subunit.

# Function
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme couples hydride transfer of reducing equivalent between NAD(H) and NADP(+) to proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under most physiological conditions, the enzyme uses energy from the mitochondrial proton gradient to produce high concentrations of NADPH. The resulting NADPH is used for biosynthesis as well as in reactions inside the mitochondria required to remove reactive oxygen species such as to retain a reduced glutathione pool (high GSH/GSSG ratio). The enzyme may be inactivated by oxidative modifications.
Reaction catalyzed:
- NADPH + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH.

# Clinical significance
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial abundance may be associated with human heart failure. In failing hearts, a partial loss of NAD(P) transhydrogenase's mitochondrial activity negatively impacts the NADPH-dependent enzyme activities in the mitochondria and the capacity of mitochondria to maintain proton gradients, which may adversely impact energy production and oxidative stress defense in heart failure and exacerbate oxidative damage to cellular proteins.
Mutations in the NNT gene have been associated to familial glucocorticoid deficiency 1, a severe autosomal recessive disorder in human characterized by insensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone action on the adrenal cortex and an inability of the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol  Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 usually presents in neonatal to early childhood with episodes of hypoglycemia and other symptoms related to cortisol deficiency, including failure to thrive, recurrent illnesses or infections, convulsions, and shock.  Diagnosis is confirmed with a low plasma cortisol measurement in the presence of an elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone level, and normal aldosterone and plasma renin measurements.
Nasal helm
The nasal helm is a design of helm that was popular in the late Dark Ages through to the Early Medieval period.
The nasal helm was a form of helm with a domed or raised centre, usually formed around a basic skull-cap design, with a single protruding strip that extended down over the nose to provide additional facial protection. The helm appeared throughout Europe late in the 9th century, and became the predominant form of head protection, replacing the previous pudding-bowl design, and the spectical helm. One of the earliest versions of the nasal helm is the Vasgaard Helm.
The Bayeux Tapestry features many such helms, it being the most popular form of protection at the time. The helm was slowly replaced across the 13th century by helms that provided more facial protection, and although the nasal helm lost popularity amongst the higher classes of knights and men-at-arms, they were still seen amongst archers to whom a wide field of vision was crucial.
Nasal Helms have been found of both one-piece and spangenhelm construction, with the later period helms being made of a single, smooth raised dome to allow weapons to glance off with ease.