Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
LOC101059915
LOC101059915 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the LOC101059915 gene. It is located on the X chromosome and has restricted expression in the testis.

# Gene
The LOC101059915 gene has two aliases known as chromosome X open reading frame 49-like and BX276092.6.

## Locus and Structure
LOC101059915 is located on the X chromosome at locus Xq13.1. It is 1,831 base pairs long and the gene sequence has 6 exons. LOC101059915 also has one protein coding transcript.

## Promoter Region and Expression
The promoter region of LOC101059915 is located on the sense strand of DNA, and between base pair 71666098 and 71667904 on the X chromosome. It spans up to 1.806 bp. Expression of LOC101059915, however, is relatively low in human cells, and is primarily limited to the testis.

# Protein

## General Features and Compositional Analysis
The protein has 518 amino acids and a molecular mass of 55.1 kDa. The isoelectric point is 8.15. Compared to other human proteins LOC101059915 is glycine-, proline-rich, and serine-rich but the protein has lower levels of tyrosine.

## Domains
The domain of unknown function, DUF4641 covers almost the entire protein. It is a part of pfam15483. It is 410 amino acids long, from amino acid 85 until amino acid number 495.

## Secondary Structure
The secondary structure of LOC101059915 has been shown to consist of primarily alpha helices as determined by models made on I-TASSER and analysis using ExPASy tools.

## Post-translation modifications
LOC101055915 is predicted to contain many different post-translational modifications. This include sites for phosphorylation (NetPhos 2.0) and sumoylation (SUMOplot Analysis Program).

## Subcellular localization
The LOC101059915 protein has been predicted to be located in the cell nucleus (PSORT II).

# Homology and Evolution

## Paralogs
CXorf49 and CXorf49B are paralogs of LOC101059915. They share upwards of 78% similarity with LOC101059915 and likely went through a gene duplication event relatively recently, in evolutionary terms, due the high degree of conservation between all three sequences.
CXorf49 is especially interesting due it being shown to be involved as one of the components of a small group of the HL-60 cell proteome that are most prone to form 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal(HNE) adducts, upon exposure to nontoxic (10 M) HNE concentrations, along with heat shock 60 kDa protein 1.

## Orthologs
Using BLAST no orthologs for LOC101059915 are found in single celled organisms, fungi or plants whose genomes have been sequenced. For multi-cellular organisms, orthologs are found in mammals, excluding Monotremes. The table below shows a representative sample of 20 of the orthologs for LOC101059915. The table is organized based on the time of divergence from humans in millions of years (MYA). In cases where the divergence time-frame is the same the orthologs are sorted by identity (%).

## Phylogeny
The most distant ortholog for LOC101059915 is from the species Sarcrophilus harrisii which is commonly known as the Tasmanian Devil dating from more than 159.0 million years ago.
LTBP1 (gene)
Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTBP1 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). The secretion and activation of TGF-betas is regulated by their association with latency-associated proteins and with latent TGF-beta binding proteins. The product of this gene targets latent complexes of transforming growth factor beta to the extracellular matrix, where the latent cytokine is subsequently activated by several different mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

# Interactions
LTBP1 (gene) has been shown to interact with TGF beta 1.
Labia majora
The labia majora (singular: labium majus) are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum and form the lateral boundaries of the cleft of venus, which contains the labia minora, interlabial sulci, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, frenulum clitoridis, the Hart's Line, and the vulval vestibule, which contains the external openings of the urethra and the vagina.
Each labium majus has two surfaces, an outer, pigmented and covered with strong, crisp hairs; and an inner, smooth and beset with large sebaceous follicles.
Between the two there is a considerable quantity of areolar tissue, fat, and a tissue resembling the dartos tunic of the scrotum, besides vessels, nerves, and glands.
The Labia Majora are thicker in front, where they form by their meeting the anterior commisure of the labia majora.
Posteriorly they are not really joined, but appear to become lost in the neighboring integument, ending close to, and nearly parallel with, each other.
Together with the connecting skin between them, they form the posterior commisure of the labia majora or posterior boundary of the pudendum.
The interval between the posterior commissure of the labia majora and the anus, from 2.5 to 3 cm. in length, constitutes the perineum.
The labia majora correspond to the scrotum in the male.
Between the labia majora and the inner thighs are the Labiocrural Folds.
Between the labia majora and labia minora are the interlabial sulci.

# Additional images
- Sagittal section of the lower part of a female trunk, right segment.
- Median sagittal section of female pelvis.
- Vulva anatomy
- Organs of the female reproductive system.
- Female external genitalia.
Lachman test

# Overview
A Lachman test is a medical test used for examining the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in the knee for patients where there is a suspicion of a torn ACL.
To do this, lay the patient supine on a bed. Put the patient's knee in about 20-30 degrees flexion. The examiner should place one hand behind the tibia and the other on the patient's thigh. It is important that the examiner's thumb be on the tibial tuberosity.  On pulling anteriorly on the tibia, an intact ACL should prevent forward translational movement of the tibia on the femur ("firm endpoint").
Anterior translation of the tibia associated with a soft or a mushy endpoint indicates a positive test.  More than about 2 mm of anterior translation compared to the uninvolved knee suggests a torn ACL ("soft endpoint"), as does 10 mm of total anterior translation.  An instrument called a "KT-1000" can be used to determine the magnitude of movement in mm.
The Lachman test is recognized by most authorities as the most reliable and sensitive clinical test for the determination of anterior cruciate ligament integrity, superior to the Anterior Drawer test commonly used in the past.
This test is named after orthopaedic surgeon, John Lachman, M.D..  A graduate of both Temple University and Temple University School of Medicine , Dr. Lachman also completed his orthopaedic residency at Temple under John Royal Moore, M.D., the first professor and chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Remaining on the faculty at Temple following his residency, in 1956 he succeeded Dr. Moore as professor and chairman.
Lamellipodia
The lamellipodium (pl. Lamellipodia) is a cytoskeletal actin projection on the mobile edge of the cell.  It contains a two-dimensional actin mesh; the whole structure pulls the cell across a substrate (Alberts, et al, 2002).  Within the lamellipodia are ribs of actin called microspikes, which, when they spread beyond the lamellipodium frontier, are called filopodia (Small, et all, 2002).  The lamellipodium is born of actin nucleation in the plasma membrane of the cell (Alberts, et al, 2002) and is the primary area of actin incorporation or microfilament formation of the cell.
Lamellipodia are found primarily in very mobile cells, in particular the keratinocytes of fish and frogs, which are involved in the quick repair of wounds, crawling at a speeds of 10-20m/minute over epithelial surfaces. A lamellipodium separated from the main part of a cell by scratching across the cell with a pipette tip can continue to crawl freely about on its own.
Lamellipodia are a characteristic feature at the front, leading edge, of motile cells. They are believed to be the actual motor which pulls the cell forward during the process of cell migration. The tip of the lamellipodium is the site where exocytosis occurs in migrating mammalian cells as part of their clathrin-mediated endocytic cycle. This, together with actin-polymerisation there, helps extend the lamella forward and thus advance the cell's front. It thus acts as a steering device for cells in the process of chemotaxis. It is also the site from which particles or aggregates attached to the cell surface migrate in a process known as cap formation.
Structurally, the plus ends of the microfilaments (localized actin monomers in an ATP-bound form) face the "seeking" edge of the cell, while the minus ends (localized actin monomers in an ADP-bound form) face the lamella behind (Cramer, 1997).  This creates treadmilling throughout the lamellipodium, which aids in the retrograde flow of particles throughout (ibid.).  Arp2/3 complexes are present at microfilament-microfilament junctions in lamellipodia, and help create the actin meshwork.  Arp 2/3 can only join onto previously existing microfilaments, but once bound it creates a site for the extension of new microfilaments, which creates branching (Weed, et al, 2000).  Another molecule that is often found in polymerizing actin with Arp2/3 is cortactin, which appears to link tyrosine kinase signalling to cytoskeletal reorganization in the lamellipodium and its associated structures (ibid.).
Rac and Cdc42 are two Rho-family GTPases which are normally cytosolic but can also be found in the cell membrane under certain conditions (Small, et al, 2002).  When Cdc42 is activated, it can interact with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family receptors, in particular N-WASp, which then activates Arp2/3.  This stimulates actin branching and increases cell motility (Small, et al, 2002).  Rac1 induces cortactin to localize to the cell membrane, where it simultaneously binds F-actin and Arp2/3.  The result is a structural reorganization of the lamellipodium and ensuing cell motility (Weed, et al, 2000).
Lamium album
Lamium album (White Deadnettle) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils.
It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 50-100 cm tall, with green, four-angled stems. The leaves are 3-8 cm long and 2-5 cm broad, triangular with a rounded base, softly hairy, and with a serrated margin and a petiole up to 5 cm long; they appear superficially similar to those of the Stinging nettle Urtica dioica but do not sting, hence the common name "dead nettle". The flowers are white, produced in whorls ('verticillasters') on the upper part of the stem, the individual flowers 1.5-2.5 cm long.

## Cultivation and uses
The young leaves are edible, and can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. The plant also has a number of uses in herbal medicine.
Bees are attracted to the flowers which contain nectar or pollen, hence the plant is sometimes called the Bee Nettle. 
It was introduced to North America, where it is widely naturalised.

# Notes
Propiomazine

# Overview
Propiomazine (Largon, Propavan, Indorm, Serentin, Dorevane, Dorevan) is an antihistamine blocking H1 receptors. It is used to treat insomnia, and to produce sleepiness or drowsiness and to relieve anxiety before or during surgery or other procedures and in combination with analgetics also during labor. Propiomazine is a phenothiazine, but is not used as a neuroleptic because it does not block dopamine receptors well.

# Mechanism of action
Propiomazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, serotonin (5-HT) receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Propiomazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Propiomazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone.

# Side effects
Rare, serious side effects include convulsions (seizures); difficult or unusually fast breathing; fast or irregular heartbeat or pulse; fever (high); high or low blood pressure; loss of bladder control; muscle stiffness (severe); unusual increase in sweating; unusually pale skin; and unusual tiredness or weakness.
Drowsiness is a usual side effect.
Laryngospasm

# Overview
In medicine, laryngospasm is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords. The condition typically lasts less than 30 or 60 seconds, and causes a partial blocking of breathing in, while breathing out remains easier. It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the cords detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance.  It is characterized by stridor and or retractions. Some people suffer from frequent laryngospasms, whether awake or asleep. In an ear, nose and throat practice, it is typically seen in people who have silent reflux disease. It is also a well known, infrequent, but serious post-surgery complication.

# Etiology
It is a complication associated with anesthesia.  The spasm can happen often without any provocation, but tends to occur after tracheal extubation. Drugs like Penicillin G potassium, Oxacillin can cause laryngospasm.

# Treatment
Laryngospasm in the operating room is treated by hyperextending the patient's neck and administering assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen. In more serious cases it may require the administration of an intravenous muscle relaxant and  reintubation.
In ear, nose and throat practices, it is treated by examining the patient in the office and reassuring the patient that laryngospasm resolves.  Sometimes reflux medication is used to reduce the acidity in the stomach.
Laryngectomy

# Overview
Laryngectomy is the surgical removal of the larynx and separation of the airway from the mouth, nose, and esophagus. The laryngectomee breathes through an opening in the neck, a stoma.  It is  done in cases of laryngeal cancer. However, many laryngeal cancer cases are now treated only with radiation and chemotherapy or other laser procedures, and laryngectomy is performed when those treatments fail to conserve the larynx.
Voice functions are generally replaced with a voice prosthesis placed in the tracheo esophageal puncture created by the surgeon. The voice prosthesis vibrates the esophageal tissue in lieu of the larynx. A second method is the use of an electrolarynx. An electrolarynx is an external device that is placed against the neck and creates vibration that the speaker then articulates. The sound has been characterized as mechanical and robotic. A third method is called esophageal speech. The speaker pushes air into the esophagus and then pushes it back up, articulating speech sounds to speak. This method is time-consuming and difficult to learn and is seldom used by laryngectomees. A fourth method is the use of the UltraVoice speaking device which is built into an upper denture or retainer and worn inside the patient's mouth. The speech from the Ultravoice has computer controlled prosody which changes the pitch creating a more natural sound than the electrolarynx.
Laryngectomees number about 60,000 in the United States. Perhaps 10,000 laryngeal cancer cases are treated annually, but only about 3,000 people are laryngectomized. Because it is a relatively rare cancer and because the post-operative care is complex in achieving a functional result, laryngeal cancer patients should be treated at or at least consult a major federally designated cancer center, where the fields of surgery, radiology, chemotherapy, speech-language pathology are integrated in head and neck departments.
Laryngectomies may be applied to dogs as a debarking procedure.
nl:Laryngectomie
de:Laryngektomie
Lasofoxifene

# Overview
Lasofoxifene (INN) (proposed tradename Fablyn) is a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is under development by Pfizer for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and for the treatment of vaginal atrophy, and the result of an exclusive research collaboration with Ligand Pharmaceuticals (LGND). It also appears to have had a statistically significant effect of reducing breast cancer in women according to a study published online November 4 in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
In September 2005, Pfizer received a non-approvable letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding lasofoxifene (trade name Oporia), a selective estrogen receptor modulator for the prevention of osteoporosis.
On January 2008, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, through its marketing partner, Pfizer, submitted a New Drug Application for lasofoxifene, which is expected to be marketed under the tradename Fablyn.  Lasofoxifene was approved in the EU under the brand name Fablyn by the EMEA in March 2009.
Lasofoxifene is a desmethyl dihydro analog of nafoxidine.

# Treatment
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, lasofoxifene at a dose of 0.5 mg per day was associated with reduced risks of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures, ER-positive breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke but an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events.
Laurel water
Laurel water is distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel and contains the poison prussic acid (hydrocyanic acid) along with other products carried over in the process.

# Pharmacological usage
The water (Latin aqua laurocerasi) has been used for asthma, cough, indigestion and dyspepsia, and as a sedative narcotic, but since it is effectively a solution of hydrogen cyanide, of uncertain strength, it would be extremely dangerous to attempt medication with laurel water.  The Roman emperor Nero used cherry laurel water to poison the wells of his enemies.

# Footnotes
-  "laurel water - definition by dict.die.net". Retrieved 2007-01-10..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
-  "botanical.com - A Modern Herbal". Retrieved 2007-01-10. Text " Laurel, Cherry - Herb Profile and Information" ignored (help)
-  Anderson, Faye. "Security and Water". Retrieved 2007-01-10.
Lead sulfide
Lead sulfide is an ionic compound of lead and sulfur, having two possible proportions:
- Lead(II) sulfide, the ionic compound containing one lead atom and one sulfur atom.
- Lead(IV) sulfide, the ionic compound containing one lead atom and two sulfur atoms.
- The natural mineral galena
Ovarian vein
The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries.  It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery.  It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary.
It a paired vein, with one supplying each ovary.
- The right ovarian vein generally joins the inferior vena cava.
- The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava.

# Pathology
Thrombosis of ovarian vein is associated with postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, diverticulitis, appendicitis, and gynecologic surgery.

# Additional images
- Uterus and right broad ligament, seen from behind.
Leukopoiesis
Leukopoiesis is a form of haematopoiesis in which white blood cells (WBC, or leukocytes) are formed in the bone marrow. WBCs arise from the maturation of hemocytoblasts, which are the general stem cell for all blood cells and platelets, into various pluripotential stem cells which can then further differentiate into the different classes of WBCs.

# Myeloid Stem Cell Productions
This stem cell will differentiate into either a proerythroblast (and eventually a red blood cell) or a progenitor cell. The progenitor cell will differentiate into a megakaryocyte (and then a platelet), or a myeloblast or monoblast.

## Myeloblast Productions
These differentiate into 3 different types of myelocytes, which become band cells. These 3 types of band cells eventually mature into Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils.

## Monoblast Productions
monoblasts differentriate into promonocytes, which mature into monocytes. Monocytes eventually enter the tissues and become Macrophages.

# Lymphoid Stem Cell Productions
Lymphoid stem cells mature into lymphoblasts, and then prolymphocytes, and finally mature lymphocytes, either a B or T cell.
Levomoramide

# Overview
Levomoramide is the inactive isomer of the opioid analgesic dextromoramide, invented by the chemist Paul Janssen in 1956. Unlike dextromoramide, which is a potent analgesic with high abuse potential, levomoramide is virtually without activity.
"Resolution reveals that the analgetic activity in this case resides almost entirely in the (+) isomer."
"In the -CH3 series, one of the optical isomers of each enantiomorphic pair is about twice as active as the racemic mixture; the other isomer is devoid of significant analgesic activity."
However despite being inactive, levomoramide is controlled internationally as a Schedule I drug.