Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
FBLN5
Fibulin-5 (also known as DANCE (developmental arteries and neural crest epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like)) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBLN5 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted, extracellular matrix protein containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and calcium-binding EGF-like domains. It promotes adhesion of endothelial cells through interaction of integrins and the RGD motif. It is prominently expressed in developing arteries but less so in adult vessels. However, its expression is reinduced in balloon-injured vessels and atherosclerotic lesions, notably in intimal vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Therefore, the protein encoded by this gene may play a role in vascular development and remodeling.

# Interactions
FBLN5 has been shown to interact with LOXL1  and apolipoprotein(a).

# Clinical relevance
FBLN5 mutations have been described in patients with age-related macular degeneration, as well as being involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies.
FBXL5
F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL5 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains several tandem leucine-rich repeats. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants.
FBXL5 is an iron sensor. It promotes IRP2 ubiquitination and then its degradation.
FBXO5
F-box only protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO5 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. This protein is similar to xenopus early mitotic inhibitor-1 (Emi1), which is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex.

# Disease
Gene and protein expression of FBXO5/Emi1 are increased in many human cancers and increased expression has been shown to cause chromosome instability and cancer.

# Interactions
FBXO5 has been shown to interact with:
- CDC20,
- FZR1,  and
- SKP1A.
FBXW7
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW7 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene was previously referred to as FBX30, and belongs to the Fbws class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains 7 tandem WD40 repeats. This protein binds directly to cyclin E and probably targets cyclin E for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Other well established pro-proliferative targets of FBXW7 are c-Myc and Notch1. Mono-allelic mutations in this gene are detected in sporadic cancers . These findings implicate the gene's potential role in the pathogenesis of human cancers.  Despite being commonly acknowledged as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, mutations are not found in some cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. One possibility is that FBXW7 substrate stabilization is detrimental in these neoplasms.  For example, the FBXW7 substrate C/EBP suppresses AML and multiple myelomas require constitutive NF-B signaling; therefore, disruption of FBXW7-mediated ubiquitylation of IBd in these tumors results in cell death.
Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

# Interactions
FBXW7 has been shown to interact with:
- MYB,
- PPARGC1A,
- Parkin (ligase),  and
- SKP1A.
FCER1
The high-affinity IgE receptor, also known as FcRI, or Fc epsilon RI, is the high-affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin E (IgE), an antibody isotype involved in the allergy disorder and parasites immunity. FcRI is a tetrameric receptor complex that binds Fc portion of the  heavy chain of IgE. It consists of one alpha (FcRI - antibody binding site), one beta (FcRI - which amplifies the downstream signal), and two gamma chains (FcRI - the site where the downstream signal initiates) connected by two disulfide bridges. It is constitutively expressed on mast cells and basophils and is inducible in eosinophils.

# Tissue distribution
FcRI is found on epidermal Langerhans cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. As a result of its cellular distribution, this receptor plays a major role in controlling allergic responses.  FcRI is also expressed on antigen-presenting cells, and controls the production of important immune mediators (cytokines, interleukins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) that promote inflammation. The most known mediator is histamine, which results in the five symptoms of inflammation: heat, swelling, pain, redness and loss of function.

# Mechanism of action
Crosslinking of the FcRI via IgE-antigen complexes leads to degranulation of mast cells or basophils and release of inflammatory mediators. Under laboratory conditions, degranulation of isolated basophils can also be induced with antibodies to the FcRI, which crosslink the receptor. Such crosslinking and potentially pathogenic autoantibodies to the FcRI have been isolated from human cord blood, which suggest that they occur naturally and are present already at birth. However, their epitope on FcRI was masked by IgE, and the affinity of the corresponding autoantibodies found in healthy adults appeared lowered.
FGF10
Fibroblast growth factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF10 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. Fibroblast growth factor 10 is a paracrine signaling molecule seen first in the limb bud and organogenesis development. FGF10 starts the developing of limbs and its involved in the branching of morphogenesis in multiple organs such as the lungs, skin, ear and salivary glands. During the limb development Tbx4/Tbx5 stimulate the production of FGF10 in the lateral plate mesoderm where it will create an epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signal with FGF8. This positive feedback loop will increase the amount of mesenchyme resulting in a bulge. Afterwards, FGF10 will induce the formation of apical ectodermal ridge (AER) where the foot and hands will be formed. Lung development uses the same epithelial-mesenchymal signaling from FGF10 in the foregut mesenchyme with FGFR2 in the foregut epithelium. FGF10 signaling is required for epithelial branching. Therefore, all branching morphogen organs such as the lungs, skin, ear and salivary glands required the constant expression of FGF10.  This protein exhibits mitogenic activity for keratinizing epidermal cells, but essentially no activity for fibroblasts, which is similar to the biological activity of FGF7.

# Clinical significance
Nonsense mutations may also occur with the absence of FGF10 such as LADD and ALSG syndrome. Nevertheless complications may arise from FGF10 signaling such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Although this gene is also implicated to be a primary factor in the process of wound healing.

# Animal studies
FGF10 knockout mice die right after birth. The mice showed no developing organs such as lungs, salivary glands, kidney or definitive limbs once autopsied. Studies of the mouse homolog suggested that this gene is required for embryonic epidermal morphogenesis including brain development, lung morphogenesis, and initiation of limb bud formation.
FGF16
Fibroblast growth factor 16 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF16 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The rat homolog is predominantly expressed in embryonic brown adipose tissue and has significant mitogenic activity, which suggests a role in proliferation of embryonic brown adipose tissue.
Mutations in this gene have been found associated to cases of X-linked recessive metacarpal 4/5 fusion.
FIGLA
Folliculogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix, also known as factor in the germline alpha (FIGalpha) or transcription factor FIGa, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIGLA gene. The FIGLA gene is a germ cell-specific transcription factor preferentially expressed in oocytes that can be found on human chromosome 2p13.3.

# Function
This gene encodes a protein that functions in postnatal oocyte-specific gene expression. The protein is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates multiple oocyte-specific genes, including genes involved in folliculogenesis, oocyte differentiation, and those that encode the zona pellucida. FIGLA is related to the zona pellucida genes ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3.

# Clinical significance
Mutation in the FIGLA gene are associated with premature ovarian failure. Premature ovarian failure is a genetic disorder that leads to hypergonadotropic ovarian failure and infertility. It is believed that premature ovarian failure in humans is caused by FIGLA haploninsuffciency, which disrupts the formation of the primordial follicles. This was observed in FIGLA mice knockouts which had diminished follicular endowment and accelerated oocyte loss throughout their reproductive life span. Women with mutations in their FIGLA were shown to have a form of premature ovarian failure. As well as the failure to form primordial follicles, knockout mice also lacked zona pellucida genes Zp1, Zp2, and ZP3 expression.
FKBP3
FK506-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKBP3 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It has a higher affinity for rapamycin than for FK506 and thus may be an important target molecule for immunosuppression by rapamycin.

# Interactions
FKBP3 has been shown to interact with YY1, HDAC1, Histone deacetylase 2, DNA, and Mdm2.
FKBP5
FK506 binding protein 5, also known as FKBP5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FKBP5 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It is thought to mediate calcineurin inhibition. It also interacts functionally with mature corticoid receptor hetero-complexes  (i.e. progesterone-, glucocorticoid-, mineralocorticoid-receptor complexes) along with the 90 kDa heat shock protein and P23 protein.

# Clinical significance
The FKBP5 gene has been found to have multiple polyadenylation sites and is statistically associated with a higher rate of depressive disorders.

# Interactions
FKBP5 has been shown to interact with Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1.
FKBP6
FK506 binding protein 6, also known as FKBP6, is a human gene.  The encoded protein shows structural homology to FKBP immunophilins, which bind to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin.
FKBP6 is essential for homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis during spermatogenesis.  Targeted inactivation of FKBP6 in mice results in infertile males, but apparently normal females.  Rats with spermatogenic failure at meiosis were found to have a deletion in the exon 8 portion of the FKBP6 gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with male infertility in humans.
FKBP6 is deleted in Williams syndrome, however this hemizygous loss of FKBP6 is not associated with infertility.
FKBP6 contains 3 -helices and 11 -sheet strands, and as a FK506-family protein, has been shown to be a potent immunosuppressant which can assist in the prevention of allograft rejections.
FKBPL
FK506-binding protein like, also known as FKBPL, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKBPL gene.

# Function
FKBPL has similarity to the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. The encoded protein is thought to have a potential role in the induced radioresistance. Also it appears to have some involvement in the control of the cell cycle.
FKBPL is involved in cellular response to stress. It was first isolated in 1999 and was initially named DIR1. It was later reclassified because of its homology to the FKBP family of proteins and was renamed FKBP-like (FKBPL).  A separate study that found it to be involved in the stabilisation of newly synthesised p21 termed it Wisp39.
It is known to interact with Hsp90, glucocorticoid receptor and dynamitin and may play a role in signalling, like other FKBPs.
FKBPL has also been shown to influence estrogen receptor signalling and can have a determinant effect on response to the breast cancer drug tamoxifen.
FLOT2
Flotillin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLOT2 gene.
Flotillin 2 (flot-2) is a highly conserved protein isolated from caveolae/lipid raft domains that tether growth factor receptors linked to signal transduction pathways. Flot-2 binds to PAR-1, a known upstream mediator of major signal transduction pathways implicated in cell growth and metastasis, and may influence tumour progression.
Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes a caveolae-associated, integral membrane protein, which is thought to function in neuronal signaling.
FMNL1
Formin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL1 gene.
This gene encodes a formin-related protein. Formin-related proteins have been implicated in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full length sequence has not been determined.

# Interactions
FMNL1 has been shown to interact with Profilin 1, PFN2 and RAC1.
FMNL2
Formin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL2 gene.

# Expression
Alternatively spliced transcript variants of the FMNL2 gene encoding different isoforms have been described. The full length FMNL2 (FRL3) protein (1092 amino acids-NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_443137.2) is regulated through autoinhibition, and may become activated through Rho proteins. The FMNL2 gene is expressed in multiple human tissues.

# Function
Formin-like protein 2 is a formin-related protein. Formin-related proteins have been implicated in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity.

# Clinical significance
FMNL2 expression is considerably higher in colorectal cancer tumors compared to normal tissue.
FNAEG
The Fichier National Automatise des Empreintes Genetiques (Automated National File of Genetic Prints) is the French national DNA database, used by both the national police force and local gendarmerie.

# Origins of FNAEG
In 1996 Alain Marsaud, the former chief of the French central antiterrorist service, proposed the creation of a central DNA database. The following year, a bill was filed relating to the implementation of a national database for identification of child sex offenders. In June 1998, the Guigou law on the prevention of sexually-related crimes, passed by the Plural Left Jospin government, created a national DNA database. The implementation, originally planned for 1999, was finally completed in 2001, with the database itself located at Ecully in the Rhone, managed by a subdirectorate of the technical and scientific departments of the French police force.
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the USA in 2001, the French government increased the scope of the database to include DNA related to other serious criminal offences, such as voluntary manslaughter, criminal violence and terrorism.
A further 'law for interior safety' introduced by Nicolas Sarkozy on March 18, 2003 expanded the scope still further to cover almost all violent crimes to people or property and other serious crimes such as drug trafficking etc., but not traffic offenses or crimes committed abroad.

# Relative size
As at October 1 2003, FNAEG was understood to contain the DNA records of approximately 8,000 convicted criminals and another 3,200 suspects. In 2006, this number was believed to now be in excess of 330,000 entries.

# Privacy concerns
With the expansion of the database in 2003, it also became an offense for suspects to fail to provide a DNA sample, with punishment ranging from a prison sentence of between six months and two years, and a fine of between 7,500 and 30,000 euros.
At the end of 2006, the media raised the case of individuals refusing to provide DNA samples. Many of them were civil disobedience activists opposed to Genetically modified organism (GMO) (See fr:Faucheurs volontaires). Although this was only around 200 cases, they denounced what they regarded as the threat to personal freedom.
FOSL1
Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL1 gene.

# Function
The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation.

# Interactions
FOSL1 has been shown to interact with USF1 (human gene) and C-jun.
FOXA1
Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha (HNF-3A), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXA1 gene.

# Function
FOXA1 is a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin as a pioneer factor. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver.

# Marker in breast cancer
FOXA1 in breast cancer is highly correlated with ER+, GATA3+, and PR+ protein expression as well as endocrine signaling. FOXA1 acts as a pioneer factor for ERa in ER+ breast cancer, and its expression might identify ER+ cancers that undergo rapid reprogramming of ERa signaling that is associated with poor outcomes and treatment resistance. Conversely, in ER breast cancer FOXA1 is highly correlated with low-grade morphology and improved disease free survival. FOXA1 is a downstream target of GATA3 in the mammary gland. Expression in ER cancers may identify a subset of tumors that is responsive to other endocrine therapies such as androgen receptor antagonist treatment.

# Role in prostate cancer
Mutations in this gene have been recurrently seen in instances of prostate cancer.
FOXC2
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) also known as forkhead-related protein FKHL14 (FKHL14), transcription factor FKH-14, or mesenchyme fork head protein 1 (MFH1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXC2 gene. FOXC2 is a member of the fork head box (FOX) family of transcription factors.

# Structure and function
The protein is 501 amino acids in length. The gene has no introns; the single exon is approximately 1.5kb in size.
FOX transcription factors are expressed during development and are associated with a number of cellular and developmental differentiation processes. FOXC2 is required during early development of the kidneys, including differentiation of podocytes and maturation of the glomerular basement membrane. It is also involved in the early development of the heart.
An increased expression of FOXC2 in adipocytes can increase the amount of brown adipose tissue leading to lower weight and an increased sensitivity to insulin.

# Role in disease
Absence of FOXC2 has been shown to lead to the failure of lymphatic valves to form and problems with lymphatic remodelling. A number of mutations in the FOXC2 gene have been associated with Lymphedemadistichiasis syndrome, It has also been suggested that there may be a link between polymorphisms in FOXC2 and varicose veins.
FOXC2 is also involved in cancer metastases. In particular, expression of FOXC2 is induced when epithelial cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and become mesenchymal looking cells. EMT can be induced by a number of genes including Snail, Twist, Goosecoid, and TGF-beta 1. Overexpression of FOXC2 has been noted in subtypes of breast cancer which are highly metastatic. Suppression of FOXC2 expression using shRNA in a highly metastatic breast cancer model blocks their metastatic ability.
FOXD3
Forkhead box D3 also known as FOXD3 is a forkhead protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXD3 gene.

# Function
This gene belongs to the forkhead protein family of transcription factors which is characterized by a DNA-binding forkhead domain. FoxD3 functions as a transcriptional repressor and contains  the C-terminal engrailed homology-1 motif (eh1), which provides an interactive surface with a transcriptional co-repressor Grg4 (Groucho-related gene-4).

## Stem cells
Multiple studies have suggested Foxd3 involvement in the transition from naive to primed pluripotent stem cells in embryo development. Previously, Foxd3 was demonstrated to be required in maintaining pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. A recent finding further showed that Foxd3 is necessary as a repressor in the transition from ESC to epiblast-like cells (EpiLC). The study proposed that Foxd3 is associated with inactivation of important naive pluripotency genes by its modification of chromatin structures via recruiting histone demethylases and decreasing the number of activating factors. Another proposed mechanism on the other hand argued that Foxd3 begins nucleosome removal and induction to a "primed" pluripotent state by recruiting Brg1, a nucleosome remodeler, and then acts as a repressor of maximal activation of those enhancers by recruiting histone deacetylases, suggesting a complex mediating function in which enhancers are primed for some future controlled time-point rather than immediate expression. While there is no ambiguity that Foxd3 plays an important role regulating the transition from naive to primed pluripotency state, the two models show a different process. Attempts to reconcile the conclusions of the two studies have further suggested that Foxd3 functions as all of the above.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene cause vitiligo.