Nutrition disorder

# Overview
Many diseases in humans are directly or indirectly caused by improper eating habits and malnutrition.  These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients.
Additionally, several diseases are directly or indirectly impacted by dietary habits, and require very close attention to the nutrient content of food.

# Overnutrition (eating too much)

## Food

### Calories
- Obesity, which in turn can lead to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is assoiated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.

## Vitamins
- Vitamin poisoning
Vitamin poisoning, or hypervitaminosis, refers to a condition of high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. The medical names of the different conditions are derived from the vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called "hypervitaminosis A".

## Microminerals and macrominerals
- Iron overload disorder
iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the accumulation of iron in the body. Organs commonly affected are the liver, heart and endocrine glands.

# Deficiencies (eating too little)

## Proteins/fats/carbohydrates
- Protein-energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Mental retardation
- Kwashiorkor
- Marasmus
- Mental retardation

## Vitamin
- Pellagra -
- Poor immune system function, potentially leading to a wide range of other illnesses.
- Spina bifida
- Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes:
Beriberi -
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome -
- Beriberi -
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome -
- Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency leads to ariboflavinosis
- Vitamin C (ascorbate) deficiency causes scurvy, deterioration of tissues throughout the body due to reduced collagen synthesis.
- Vitamin D deficiency - is known to cause several bone diseases including:
Rickets - a childhood disease characterized by impeded growth, and deformity, of the long bones.
Osteomalacia- a bone-thinning disorder that occurs exclusively in adults and is characterised by proximal muscle weakness and bone fragility.
Osteoporosis - a condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased bone fragility.
- Rickets - a childhood disease characterized by impeded growth, and deformity, of the long bones.
- Osteomalacia- a bone-thinning disorder that occurs exclusively in adults and is characterised by proximal muscle weakness and bone fragility.
- Osteoporosis - a condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased bone fragility.
Vitamin D deficiency can also increase risk of Diabetes and muscle pain.

## Microminerals and macrominerals
- Iodine deficiency
- Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Metabolic or nutritionally related disease such as diabetes mellitus or endemic goitre
- Osteoporosis - caused by calcium deficiency
- Zinc deficiency (growth retardation)

# Foot notes
-  "Malnutrition Is Cheating Its Survivors, and Africas Future" article in the New York Times by Michael Wines, December 28, 2006
-  Grant WB, Holick MF (2005). "Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review". Altern Med Rev. 10 (2): 94111. PMID 15989379..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}