Eye circles

# Overview
Dark circles or Eye circles are dark blemishes around the eyes. Also known as "bags under the eyes,"  there are many etiologies to cause this symptom. For instance, by lack of sleep, by deficiency of vitamin K,  by heredity and by bruising.

# Causes

## Common Causes

### Heredity
Like varicose veins, dark circles under the eyes are usually an inherited trait.  The skin under the eye is very thin. When blood passes through the large veins close to the surface of the skin it can produce a bluish tint. The more transparent the skin -- also an inherited trait -- the darker the circles appear.
In people with a deep-set bone structure, shadowing contributes to the dark color under the eyes.

### Allergies, asthma, and eczema
Any condition that causes the eyes to itch can contribute to darker circles due to rubbing or scratching the skin around them. Hay fever sufferers particularly will notice under-eye "smudges" during the height of the allergy season. Some food allergies can also cause the area under the eyes to appear darker.

### Medications
Any medications that cause blood vessels to dilate can cause circles under the eyes to darken. Because the skin under the eyes is very delicate, any increased blood flow shows through the skin.

### Anemia
The lack of nutrients in the diet, or the lack of a balanced diet, can contribute to the discoloration of the area under the eyes. It is believed that lack of mineral iron can cause dark circles as well. Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia and this condition is a sign that not enough oxygen is getting to the body tissues.
The skin can also become more pale during pregnancy and menstruation (due to lack of iron), which again allow the underlying veins under the eyes to become more visible.

### Fatigue
A lack of sleep or excessive tiredness can cause paleness of the skin, which again allows the blood underneath the skin to become more visible and appear more blue or darker.
Some skin care experts say that fatigue has nothing to do with the dark circles, but it has to do with when one lies down.  Gravity can cause fluid to collect in the lower eye lid.

### Age
Dark circles are likely to become more noticeable and permanent with age. Excess folds of skin under the eyes will also make dark circles more pronounced.

### Medical conditions
Another cause may be bad blood circulation. Cardio exercise increases blood circulation and may help the dark circles to disappear.
The area directly located under the eyes are closely related to kidneys and liver, so the appearance of dark circles may indicate problems or weakness in the kidney or liver activity.
Dark eye circles could be a sign of excessive loss of water from the body (dehydration).

## Causes by Organ System

## Causes in Alphabetical Order

# Cures
Although to date, there has been no end-all to curing or reducing dark circles, there are many home-made ingredients that can help make the dark circles less visible. For example it is said that putting teabags under the eyes, drinking plenty of fluids and a lot of rest can suffice. Make-up can be used to change the coloration of any exposed skin.
Vasoconstrictors
The Preparation H version with phenylephrine HCl 0.25% will constrict the capillaries resulting in the temporary reduction of the appearance of dark circles.
The cream has less petrolatum than the ointment which is important to avoid the greasy appearance.
Other vasoconstrictors such as tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride as found in Visine may offer similar temporary results. Use should be limited in order to avoid a rebound effect.