Flavivirus
Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae. This complex includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, and several other viruses which cause encephalitis.
Flavivirus share a common size (40-60 microinches), symmetry (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid), nucleic acid (positive-sense, single stranded RNA approximately 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance in the electron microscope.

# Replication
Flavivirus have a (+) sense RNA genome and replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cells. The genome mimics the cellular mRNA molecule in all aspects except for the absence of the poly-adenylated (poly-A) tail. This feature allows the virus to exploit cellular apparatus to synthesise both structural and non-structural proteins, during replication. The cellular ribosome is crucial to the replication of the flavivirus, as it translates the RNA, in a similar fashion to cellular mRNA, resulting in the synthesis of a single polyprotein.
Once translated, the polyprotein is cleaved by a combination of viral and host proteases to release mature polypeptide products. Nevertheless, cellular post-translational modification is dependent on the presence of a poly-A tail; therefore this process is not host-dependent. Instead, the polyprotein contains an autocatalytic feature which automatically releases the first peptide, a virus specific enzyme. This enzyme is then able to cleave the remaining polyprotein into the individual products. One of the products cleaved is a polymerase, responsible for the synthesis of a (-) sense RNA molecule. Consequently this molecule acts as the template for the synthesis of the genomic progeny RNA.
New viral particles are subsequently assembled. This occurs during the budding process which is also responsible for the accumulation of the envelope and cell lysis.

# Species
- Genus Flavivirus
Tick-borne viruses
Mammalian tick-borne virus group
Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV)
Kadam virus (KADV)
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
Langat virus (LGTV)
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV)
Powassan virus (POWV)
Royal Farm virus (RFV)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)
Louping ill virus (LIV)
Seabird tick-borne virus group
Meaban virus (MEAV)
Saumarez Reef virus (SREV)
Tyuleniy virus (TYUV)
Mosquito-borne viruses
Aroa virus group
Aroa virus (AROAV)
Dengue virus group
Dengue virus (DENV)
Kedougou virus (KEDV)
Japanese encephalitis virus group
Cacipacore virus (CPCV)
Koutango virus (KOUV)
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV)
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
Usutu virus (USUV)
West Nile virus (WNV)
Yaounde virus (YAOV)
Kokobera virus group
Kokobera virus (KOKV)
Ntaya virus group
Bagaza virus (BAGV)
Ilheus virus (ILHV)
Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV)
Ntaya virus (NTAV)
Tembusu virus (TMUV)
Spondweni virus group
Zika virus (ZIKV)
Yellow fever virus group
Banzi virus (BANV)
Bouboui virus (BOUV)
Edge Hill virus (EHV)
Jugra virus (JUGV)
Saboya virus (SABV)
Sepik virus (SEPV)
Uganda S virus (UGSV)
Wesselsbron virus (WESSV)
Yellow fever virus (YFV)
Viruses with no known arthropod vector
Entebbe virus group
Entebbe bat virus (ENTV)
Yokose virus (YOKV)
Modoc virus group
Apoi virus (APOIV)
Cowbone Ridge virus (CRV)
Jutiapa virus (JUTV)
Modoc virus (MODV)
Sal Vieja virus (SVV)
San Perlita virus (SPV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Rio Bravo virus group
Bukalasa bat virus (BBV)
Carey Island virus (CIV)
Dakar bat virus (DBV)
Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV)
Phnom Penh bat virus (PPBV)
Rio Bravo virus (RBV)
- Tick-borne viruses
Mammalian tick-borne virus group
Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV)
Kadam virus (KADV)
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
Langat virus (LGTV)
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV)
Powassan virus (POWV)
Royal Farm virus (RFV)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)
Louping ill virus (LIV)
Seabird tick-borne virus group
Meaban virus (MEAV)
Saumarez Reef virus (SREV)
Tyuleniy virus (TYUV)
- Mammalian tick-borne virus group
Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV)
Kadam virus (KADV)
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
Langat virus (LGTV)
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV)
Powassan virus (POWV)
Royal Farm virus (RFV)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)
Louping ill virus (LIV)
- Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV)
- Kadam virus (KADV)
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
- Langat virus (LGTV)
- Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV)
- Powassan virus (POWV)
- Royal Farm virus (RFV)
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)
- Louping ill virus (LIV)
- Seabird tick-borne virus group
Meaban virus (MEAV)
Saumarez Reef virus (SREV)
Tyuleniy virus (TYUV)
- Meaban virus (MEAV)
- Saumarez Reef virus (SREV)
- Tyuleniy virus (TYUV)
- Mosquito-borne viruses
Aroa virus group
Aroa virus (AROAV)
Dengue virus group
Dengue virus (DENV)
Kedougou virus (KEDV)
Japanese encephalitis virus group
Cacipacore virus (CPCV)
Koutango virus (KOUV)
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV)
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
Usutu virus (USUV)
West Nile virus (WNV)
Yaounde virus (YAOV)
Kokobera virus group
Kokobera virus (KOKV)
Ntaya virus group
Bagaza virus (BAGV)
Ilheus virus (ILHV)
Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV)
Ntaya virus (NTAV)
Tembusu virus (TMUV)
Spondweni virus group
Zika virus (ZIKV)
Yellow fever virus group
Banzi virus (BANV)
Bouboui virus (BOUV)
Edge Hill virus (EHV)
Jugra virus (JUGV)
Saboya virus (SABV)
Sepik virus (SEPV)
Uganda S virus (UGSV)
Wesselsbron virus (WESSV)
Yellow fever virus (YFV)
- Aroa virus group
Aroa virus (AROAV)
- Aroa virus (AROAV)
- Dengue virus group
Dengue virus (DENV)
Kedougou virus (KEDV)
- Dengue virus (DENV)
- Kedougou virus (KEDV)
- Japanese encephalitis virus group
Cacipacore virus (CPCV)
Koutango virus (KOUV)
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV)
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
Usutu virus (USUV)
West Nile virus (WNV)
Yaounde virus (YAOV)
- Cacipacore virus (CPCV)
- Koutango virus (KOUV)
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV)
- St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
- Usutu virus (USUV)
- West Nile virus (WNV)
- Yaounde virus (YAOV)
- Kokobera virus group
Kokobera virus (KOKV)
- Kokobera virus (KOKV)
- Ntaya virus group
Bagaza virus (BAGV)
Ilheus virus (ILHV)
Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV)
Ntaya virus (NTAV)
Tembusu virus (TMUV)
- Bagaza virus (BAGV)
- Ilheus virus (ILHV)
- Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV)
- Ntaya virus (NTAV)
- Tembusu virus (TMUV)
- Spondweni virus group
Zika virus (ZIKV)
- Zika virus (ZIKV)
- Yellow fever virus group
Banzi virus (BANV)
Bouboui virus (BOUV)
Edge Hill virus (EHV)
Jugra virus (JUGV)
Saboya virus (SABV)
Sepik virus (SEPV)
Uganda S virus (UGSV)
Wesselsbron virus (WESSV)
Yellow fever virus (YFV)
- Banzi virus (BANV)
- Bouboui virus (BOUV)
- Edge Hill virus (EHV)
- Jugra virus (JUGV)
- Saboya virus (SABV)
- Sepik virus (SEPV)
- Uganda S virus (UGSV)
- Wesselsbron virus (WESSV)
- Yellow fever virus (YFV)
- Viruses with no known arthropod vector
Entebbe virus group
Entebbe bat virus (ENTV)
Yokose virus (YOKV)
Modoc virus group
Apoi virus (APOIV)
Cowbone Ridge virus (CRV)
Jutiapa virus (JUTV)
Modoc virus (MODV)
Sal Vieja virus (SVV)
San Perlita virus (SPV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Rio Bravo virus group
Bukalasa bat virus (BBV)
Carey Island virus (CIV)
Dakar bat virus (DBV)
Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV)
Phnom Penh bat virus (PPBV)
Rio Bravo virus (RBV)
- Entebbe virus group
Entebbe bat virus (ENTV)
Yokose virus (YOKV)
- Entebbe bat virus (ENTV)
- Yokose virus (YOKV)
- Modoc virus group
Apoi virus (APOIV)
Cowbone Ridge virus (CRV)
Jutiapa virus (JUTV)
Modoc virus (MODV)
Sal Vieja virus (SVV)
San Perlita virus (SPV)
- Apoi virus (APOIV)
- Cowbone Ridge virus (CRV)
- Jutiapa virus (JUTV)
- Modoc virus (MODV)
- Sal Vieja virus (SVV)
- San Perlita virus (SPV)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- Rio Bravo virus group
Bukalasa bat virus (BBV)
Carey Island virus (CIV)
Dakar bat virus (DBV)
Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV)
Phnom Penh bat virus (PPBV)
Rio Bravo virus (RBV)
- Bukalasa bat virus (BBV)
- Carey Island virus (CIV)
- Dakar bat virus (DBV)
- Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV)
- Phnom Penh bat virus (PPBV)
- Rio Bravo virus (RBV)