Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
NFKBID
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, delta also known as IBNS is a protein in humans that is encoded by the NFKBID gene.
IBNS is a member of the atypical inhibitors of NF-B (also called the nuclear IBs). NF-B is a transcription factor, which regulates the expression of its target genes, depending on intracellular and extracellular signals. As NFKBID influences the impact of NF-B on several genes, it is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress and bacterial or viral antigens.

# Structure
NFKBID is a nuclear protein with 327 amino acids. It contains six ankyrin repeats (ANKs), that are surrounded by a nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) at the N-terminus and a short C-terminus. The ANKs are characteristic for all IB proteins. The NLS is an additional characteristic structural element of only atypical IB proteins, which is responsible for the localization of the protein into the nucleus. In contrast, classical inhibitors, e.g. IB and IB, are located in the cytoplasm. A high resolution structure of NFKBID is not available yet.

# Function
It seems that NFKBID acts as an inhibitor of the NF-B cascade. By its functions, including promotion of germinal center reactions and its requirement in imunosuppressive regulatory T cell generation, NFKBID regulates homeostasis of the immune system and has further different consequences on it. Furthermore, NFKBID influences B cells and plasma cells substantially, concerning their functions and development.
The expression of NFKBID is precisely regulated. After NF-B activation atypical IBs are induced by the transcription factor  Atypical IBs, in turn, can regulate the NF-B transcription as either inducers or inhibitors. In contrast, the classical proteins can only repress NF-B transcription.
In mature T cells (CD4+), T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation can induce the expression of NFKBID, whereas in macrophages, TLR ligands take on this task.
To influence the transcription of genes, NFKBID has some interaction protein partners. It was reported that NFKBID interacts with p50, which is a subunit of NF-B, p52, p65, RelB, and c-Rel. NFKBID binds these proteins only in the nucleus, except for p50, which can be bound both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus 
Researchers suggest that apart from this, NFKBID can also interact with homo- and heterodimers consisting of some of these subunits, e.g. p50/p50 and p65/p50. Depending on the target gene and on which protein is bound by NFKBID, it can function as both repressor and activator.
NFKBIE
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, epsilon, also known as NFKBIE, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NFKBIE gene.

# Function
NFKBIE protein expression is up-regulated following NF-B activation and during myelopoiesis.  NFKBIE is able to inhibit NF-B-directed transactivation via cytoplasmic retention of REL proteins.
NFKB1 or NFKB2 is bound to REL, RELA, or RELB to form the NF-B transcription factor complex. The NF-B complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA or NFKBIB), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, or IKBKB) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NF-B complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For some genes, activation requires NF-B interaction with other transcription factors, such as STAT (see STAT6), AP-1 (JUN), and NFAT (see NFATC1).

# Interactions
NFKBIE has been shown to interact with NFKB2, RELA, NFKB1 and REL.
NKX2-2
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2-2 gene.
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.2 contains a homeobox domain and may be involved in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system. This gene is found on chromosome 20 near NKX2-4, and these two genes appear to be duplicated on chromosome 14 in the form of TITF1 and NKX2-8. The encoded protein is likely to be a nuclear transcription factor.
The expression of Nkx2-2 is regulated by an antisense RNA called Nkx2-2as.
In the developing spinal cord, Nkx-2.2 regulates IRX3 thereby contributing to the proper differentiation of the ventral horn neurons.
NMNAT1
Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NMNAT1 gene. It is a member of the nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferases.

# Function
The coenzyme NAD and its derivatives are involved in hundreds of metabolic redox reactions and are utilized in protein ADP-ribosylation, histone deacetylation, and in some Ca2+ signaling pathways. NMNAT (EC 2.7.7.1) is a central enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, catalyzing the condensation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) with the AMP moiety of ATP to form NAD or NaAD.
NMNAT1 is the most widely expressed of three orthologous genes with nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) activity. Genetically engineered mice lacking NMNAT1 die during early embryogenesis, indicating a critical role of this gene in organismal viability. In contrast, mice lacking NMNAT2, which is expressed predominantly in neural tissues, complete development but die shortly after birth. However, NMNAT1 is dispensable for cell viability, as homozygous deletion of this gene occurs in glioblastoma tumors and cell lines. NMNAT enzymatic activity is probably essential at the cellular level, as complete ablation of NMNAT activity in model organisms leads to cellular inviability.

# Clinical relevance
Mutations in this gene have been shown associated to retinal degeneration pathologies, like Leber's congenital amaurosis.
NPC1L1
Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a gene associated with NPC1, mutation of which results in Niemann-Pick disease. It codes for Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1, found on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in hepatocytes.  Specifically, it appears to bind to a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption.
The drug ezetimibe blocks NPC1L1 causing a reduction in cholesterol absorption, resulting in a blood cholesterol reduction of between 15-20%. Polymorphic variations in NPC1L1 gene could be associated with non-response to ezetimibe treatment.
NPC1L1 has been shown to be an accessory receptor for hepatitis C virus entry into cells, and thus ezetimibe might be used as a therapeutic strategy.
As cancer appeared more frequently in patients treated with simvastatin-ezetimibe combination therapy in one clinical trial, it had been hypothesized that NPC1L1 by ezetimibe might be associated with an increase cancer risk.  However a meta-analysis of ezetimibe clinical data showed no increased risk of cancer from treatment with ezetimibe.
NPEPPS
Puromycin-sensitive amino peptidase also known as cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase or alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) (EC 3.4.11.14) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NPEPPS gene.  It is used as a biomarker to detect damage to the kidneys, and that may be used to help diagnose certain kidney disorders. It is found at high levels in the urine when there are kidney problems.

# Function
This gene encodes the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, a zinc metallopeptidase which hydrolyzes amino acids from the N-terminus of its substrate. The protein has been localized to both the cytoplasm and to cellular membranes. This enzyme degrades enkephalins in the brain, and studies in mouse suggest that it is involved in proteolytic events regulating the cell cycle. It has been identified as a novel modifier of TAU-induced neurodegeneration with neuroprotective effects via direct proteolysis of TAU protein. The loss of NPEPPS function exacerbates neurodegeneration.

# Structure

## Gene
The NPEPPS gene is located at chromosome 17q21, consisting of 25 exons and spanning 40 kb.

## Protein
NPEPPS is a ubiquitous , 100 kDa, Zn2+ metallopeptidase highly expressed in the brain. Two isozymes have been found and they are expressed differently in the nervous system. Glu 309 is one of the active site glutamates, and its mutation could convert the enzyme into an inactive binding protein.

# Function
NPEPPS has been proposed to function in a variety of processes, including metabolism of neuropeptidase, regulation of the cell cycle, and hydrolysis of proteasomal products to amino acids. NPEPPS is a major protease to digest SOD1, similar to its role in TAU-induced neurodegeneration. NPEPPS is also reported to play a role in creating and destroying MHC class I-presented peptides and in limiting MHC class I Ag presentation in dendritic cells.

# Clinical significance
NPEPPS is induced in neurons expressing mutant huntingtin and is critical in preventing the accumulation of polyglutamine in normal cells. It has been reported as the major peptidase digesting polyglutamine sequences in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntingtons disease. It has been shown that elevation of NPEPPS activity in vivo could effectively block accumulation of hyperphosphorylated TAU protein and thus slow down the disease progression, suggesting increasing NPEPPS activity may be a feasible therapeutic approach to eliminate accumulation of toxic substrates, which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

# Interactions
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 
- SOD1 
- TAU 
- Tetrahydropyridine 
- -amyloid
NPLOC4
Nuclear protein localization protein 4 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPLOC4 gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of NPLOC4 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Nploc4tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program  a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists  at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.

# Interactions
NPLOC4 has been shown to interact with UFD1L.
NUDT15
Nudix hydrolase 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUDT15 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the Nudix hydrolase superfamily. Members of this superfamily catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphates, including substrates like 8-oxo-dGTP, which are a result of oxidative damage, and can induce base mispairing during DNA replication, causing transversions. The encoded enzyme is a negative regulator of thiopurine activation and toxicity. Mutations in this gene result in poor metabolism of thiopurines, and are associated with thiopurine-induced early leukopenia. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified.
NUDT15 germline variants (e.g., a missense SNP:rs116855232, inducing R139C) have been linked to clinical usage of thiopurines (e.g., mercaptopurine) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as inflammatory bowel diseases to avoid thiopurine-induced leukopenia. These variants also exhibit ethnicity-specific (e.g.,variant allele of rs116855232 is high is East Asians and Hispanics but low in Caucasians and Africans). Rare functional variants even singletons in this gene have also been identified to be related to thiopurine-induced myelotoxicity, suggesting the whole gene screening should be taken to determine the initial dosage using of thiopurine.
Nabidh
Nabidh was an intoxicating beverage.
Narrated Abu Hurayrah:
I knew that the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) used to keep fast. I waited for the day when he did not fast to present him the drink (nabidh) which I made in a pumpkin. I then brought it to him while it fermented. He said: Throw it to this wall, for this is a drink of the one who does not believe in Allah and the Last Day.
"Whilst on his deathbed, Umar became deeply affected by the wound and his physician asked Umar 'Which alcohol would you like to drink?' Umar said 'alcohol called nabidh is my preferred choice. This drink was then administered to Umar".
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim that Aslam, the mawla of Umar ibn al-Khattab informed him that he had visited Abdullah ibn Ayyash al-Makhzumi. He saw that he had some nabidh with him and he was at that moment on the way to Makka. Aslam said to him, Umar ibn al-Khattab loves this drink." Abdullah ibn Ayyash therefore carried a great drinking bowl and brought it to Umar ibn al-Khattab and placed it before him. Umar brought it near to him and then raised his head. Umar said, "This drink is good," so he drank some of it and then passed it to a man on his right.

# Ibn Fadlan
Muslim writer Ibn Fadlan states that it was drunken by the Vikings .
Brewed for ten days, nabidh was probably alcohol-based and may have included henbane, cannabis, and/or opium .
Fadlan describes the drink being given to a female slave who was sacrificed, by strangulation and stabbing, during a ship burial ceremony .
Nanobe

# Overview
Nanobes are tiny filamental structures first found in some rocks and sediments. Some hypothesize that they are the smallest form of life, ten times smaller than the smallest known bacteria.
Nanobes were discovered in 1996 (published in American Minerologist, vol 83., 1998) by Philipa Uwins, University of Queensland, Australia.
The smallest are just 20 nanometers in diameter. Some researchers believe them to be merely crystal growths, but a purported find of DNA in nanobe samples  may prove otherwise. They are similar to the life-like structures found in ALH84001, the famous Mars meteorite from the Antarctic. Recently there has been some interest amongst bio-tech companies in commercial application of nanobes in utilization of plastics. Some researchers believe nanobe-like organisms might be implicated in a number of diseases. They might be responsible for the formation of some types of renal stones. They might even explain mysterious calcification of teeth in the human mouth, and thus actually be a useful or necessary symbiont (like Acidophilus).
Nanobes and nanobacteria are both controversial and unproven concepts; however, these two should not be confused. Nanobacteria are supposed to be walled organisms, while nanobes are hypothesized to be a previously unknown form of life. The origins of discovery, naming, and research methods also differ.

# Claims
- It is a living organism (contains DNA or some analogue, and reproduces).
- Has a morphology similar to Actinomycetes and Fungi.
- No article or research states that nanobes are nanobacteria.
- Nanobes are 20 nm in length which biological conventional wisdom assumes is too small to contain the basic elements for an organism to exist (DNA, plasmids, etc.), suggesting that they may reproduce via some unconventional means, like RNA instead of DNA.
- The Martian meteorite ALH84001, discovered in 1996 in the Antarctic, contained similar tubular structures which some astrobiologists suggest could be proof of life at an earlier time on Mars.
Nav1.1
Nav1.1, also known as the sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha subunit (SCN1A), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SCN1A gene.

# Function
The vertebrate sodium channel is a voltage-gated ion channel essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials, chiefly in nerve and muscle. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of a large central pore-forming glycosylated alpha subunit and 2 smaller auxiliary beta subunits. Functional studies have indicated that the transmembrane alpha subunit of the brain sodium channels is sufficient for expression of functional sodium channels. Brain sodium channel alpha subunits form a gene subfamily with several structurally distinct isoforms clustering on chromosome 2q24, types I, II (Nav1.2), and III (Nav1.3). There are also several distinct sodium channel alpha subunit isoforms in skeletal and cardiac muscle (Nav1.4 and Nav1.5, respectively).

# Clinical significance
Mutations in the SCN1A gene cause inherited febrile seizures and GEFS+, type 2.

# Patent controversy
On 29 November 2008, The Sydney Morning Herald reported the first evidence of private intellectual property rights over human DNA having adversely affected medical care. The Melbourne company Genetic Technologies (GTG) controls rights to the gene, and requires royalties for tests on the gene, which can help identify Dravet syndrome. Doctors on the Children's Hospital in Westmead, Australia have told journalists that they would test 50% more infants for the gene, if they could conduct the test on site.

# Interactions
Nav1.1 has been shown to interact with syntrophin, alpha 1.
Nav1.2
Nav1.2, also known as the sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2A gene.  Functional sodium channels contain an ion conductive alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits.  Sodium channels which contain the Nav1.2 subunit are called Nav1.2 channels.

# Function
Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with four domains including 24 transmembrane segments and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is heterogeneously expressed in the brain, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several seizure disorders. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been implicated in cases of autism, infantile spasms and bitemporal glucose hypometabolism.
Neroli
Neroli oil is a plant oil similar in scent to bergamot produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree (Citrus aurantium var. amara or Bigaradia).
The blossoms are gathered, usually by hand, in late April to early May. The oil is produced by water distillation, as the blossom is too fragile to endure steam distillation.
By the end of the 17th century, Anne Marie Orsini, duchess of Bracciano and princess of Nerola, introduced the essence of bitter orange tree as a fashionable fragrance by using it to perfume her gloves and her bath. Since then, the name of Neroli has been used to describe this essence. Neroli has a refreshing and distinctive, spicy aroma with sweet and flowery notes. It is one of the most widely used floral oils in perfumery. It is a non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing, non-photo-toxic substance. More than 12% of all modern quality perfumes use Neroli as their principal ingredient. It blends well with any citrus oil, various floral absolutes, and most of the synthetic components available on the market. Neroli oil is a classic element in fragrance design and one of the most commonly used in the industry. It is also used in flavors (alimentary) where it has a limited use.
As an essential oil, used in aromatherapy and massage, Neroli is considered to have a soothing effect on the nervous system.  Traditionally, neroli oil was used not only to relieve tension and anxiety, but also in increase circulation and heal thread vein scars. A solution is made by adding three or four drops of the essential oil to one cup of either sweet almond oil or wheat germ oil. The oil is then fixed by adding grapefruit seed extract, but if the solution is to be used on children or pregnant women, only half the quantity of essential oil should be used.
Newton
The newton (symbol: N) is the SI derived unit of force, named after Sir Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics.

# Definition
The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of force required to give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one meter per second squared . Algebraically:

# Examples
- 1 N is the force of earth's gravity on an object with a mass of about 102 g (19.8 kg) (such as a small apple).
- On Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg exerts a force of approximately 9.81 N  (or 1 kgf). The approximation of 1 kg corresponding to 10 N is sometimes used as a rule of thumb in everyday life and in engineering.
- The decanewton (daN) = 10 N is increasingly used when specifying load bearing capacity of items such as ropes and anti-vibration mounts, being approximately equivalent to the more familiar non-SI unit of force, the kgf.
- The force of Earth's gravity on a human being with a mass of 70 kg is approximately 687 N.
- The scalar product of force and distance is energy.  Thus, in SI units, a force of 1 N exerted over a distance of 1 m is 1 Nm = 1 joule, the SI unit of energy.
- Because a newton is a small force, it is common to see forces expressed in kilonewtons or kN, where 1 kN = 1 000 N.
- A metric tonne (1 000 kg) exerts a force of 9.8 kN (or 1 000 kgf) under standard gravity conditions on Earth.

# Notes
Norrin
Norrin, also known as Norrie disease protein or X-linked exudative vitreoretinopathy 2 protein (EVR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDP gene. Mutations in the NDP gene are associated with the Norrie disease.

# Function
Signaling induced by the protein Norrin regulates vascular development of vertebrate retina and controls important blood vessels in the ear. Norrin binds with high affinity to Frizzled 4, and Frizzled 4 knockout mice exhibit abnormal vascular development of the retina.

# Clinical significance
NDP is the genetic locus identified as harboring mutations that result in Norrie disease.  Norrie disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bilateral congenital blindness that is caused by a vascularized mass behind each lens due to a maldeveloped retina (pseudoglioma).
OR10K1
Olfactory receptor 10K1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR10K1 gene.
Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

# Amino acid sequence
MEQVNKTVVR EFVVLGFSSL ARLQQLLFVI FLLLYLFTLG TNAIIISTIV LDRALHTPMY FFLAILSCSE ICYTFVIVPK MLVDLLSQKK TISFLGCAIQ MFSFLFFGSS HSFLLAAMGY DRYMAICNPL RYSVLMGHGV CMGLMAAACA CGFTVSLVTT SLVFHLPFHS SNQLHHFFCD ISPVLKLASQ HSGFSQLVIF MLGVFALVIP LLLILVSYIR IISAILKIPS SVGRYKTFST CASHLIVVTV HYSCASFIYL RPKTNYTSSQ DTLISVSYTI LTPLFNPMIY SLRNKEFKSA LRRTIGQTFY PLS