Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Iodine value
The iodine value (or "iodine adsorption value" or "iodine number") in chemistry is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. An iodine solution is yellow/brown in color and any chemical group in the substance that reacts with iodine will make the color disappear at a precise concentration. The amount of iodine solution thus required to keep the solution yellow/brown is a measure of the amount of iodine sensitive reactive groups.
One application of the iodine number is the determination of saturation of fatty acids as double bonds in fatty acids also react with iodine compounds. The higher the iodine number, the more unsaturated fatty acid bonds are present in a fat.  In a typical procedure the acid is treated with an excess of the Hanus solution which is a solution of iodobromine (BrI). Unreacted iodobromine is reacted with potassium iodide which converts it to iodine. The iodine concentration is then determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate.
Standard methods for analysis are for example ASTM D1959-97 and DIN 53241.
For a simple analysis, 0.2 grams of the fat is mixed with 20cm3 Wij's solution and 10cm3 1,1,1-trichloroethane. It is then left in the dark for 30mins. Next, 15cm3 of 10% potassium iodide solution and 10cm3 of deionised water is added. This is then titrated against 0.1M sodium thiosulphate (VI) solution. 
1cm3 of 0.1M sodium thiosulphate solution = 0.01269g of iodine. The difference between a control titration and the titration with the fat present multiplied by this factor gives the mass of iodine absorbed by the oil.
James Israel

# Overview
James Adolf Israel (February 2, 1848  February 2, 1926) was a German surgeon who was a native of Berlin. In 1870 he received his medical doctorate from Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat. He studied under von Bernhard Rudolf Konrad von Langenbeck (1810-1887) and Ludwig Traube (1818-1876). After receiving his doctorate in 1870, he continued his education in Vienna, and in 1872 became assistant physician at the hospital for the Jewish Community.
He was a military physician during the Franco-Prussian War, and later furthered his studies in Vienna and the British Isles.  In 1875, after undertaking further education in England and Scotland, he became deputy physician-in-chief of the surgical department of the Jewish hospital in Berlin. He was promoted to chief-in-chief there in 1880, and in 1894 he received the title of professor.
Israel was a pioneer in modern urologic and renal surgery, and made important contributions in the field of plastic surgery, particularly oral and maxillofacial surgery. His inaugural thesis concerned Brights kidney disease. His first report of an operation of the kidney came in 1882.  He was also an early advocate of Joseph Lister's antiseptic practices in the operating room.
Israel is credited for providing the first description of the genus Actinomyces in humans, which is Gram-positive bacteria that is the cause of actinomycosis. Later this organism was given the name Actinomyces israelii. He published over 170 articles during his career, largely on urologic medicine, and was co-founder of the journal Folia Urologica. He also designed the Lazarettzug, which was a mobile hospital railcar.
- Associated eponym:
- Nicoladoni-Israel-Branham sign: A circulatory phenomenon seen in angioma racemosum of the extremities. It was first described in 1875 by Carl Nicoladoni (1847-1902).

# Selected writings
- Funf Falle von diffuser Nephritis (Five cases of diffuse nephritis). Diss med. Berlin 1870
- Angiectasie im Stromgebiete der A. tibialis antica. (Angiectasia in Stromgebiete of Arteria Tibialis antica).
- Beobachtung einiger bemerkenswerther Phaenomene nach Unterbindung der A. femoralis . (Observations of Bemerkenswerther Phenomena after removal of the femoral artery). Klin Arch Chir 21 (1877) 109
- Klinische Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aktinomykose des Menschen. (Clinical contributions to the knowledge of Actinomycoses of man). Berlin 1885
- Ueber Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Uebertragbarkeit auf Thiere. Archiv Pathologische Anatomie; (1891); 126:1128, (with Max Wolff (1844-1923)
- Chirurgische Klinik der Nierenkrankheiten. (Surgical Clinic of Renal diseases). Berlin 1901
- Die Chirurgie der Niere und des Harnleiters. (The surgery of the kidney and ureter). 1926
James Lunney
James D. Lunney (born September 5, 1951) is a Canadian politician. He is the current Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament for the riding of NanaimoAlberni.
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba he received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Manitoba in 1972 and a Doctor of Chiropractic from the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College in Toronto in 1976. He was first elected in Canadian federal election, 2000 as a Canadian Alliance candidate. He was re-elected in Canadian federal election, 2004, Canadian federal election, 2006 and Canadian federal election, 2008 under the banner of the Conservative Party of Canada.
In April 2009, Lunney made a statement in Parliament proclaiming his belief in creationism and attacking theory of evolution.
Jerry Vlasak
Jerry Vlasak is an American physician, animal rights activist, environmentalist, and press officer for the North American Animal Liberation Press Office. He is a member of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, a director of the Animal Defense League, a former member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society's board of directors and an advisor to SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals. 
Inspired by his wife, former actress Pamelyn Ferdin, who is currently president of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty in the U.S., Vlasak became active in promoting animal rights in 1993. His principle role in the animal liberation movement, according to LA Weekly, is to "be a liaison with the public, and to publicize the radical animal-rights undergrounds activities." 
Vlasak acknowledges his medical background provides a "certain amount of cachet" to his support of the animal rights movement. He holds staff privileges as a doctor at Riverside Community Hospital in Riverside, California despite the fact that as of 2007, he has not worked there for 18 months. 

# Controversy
Vlasak stirred controversy in 2003 when, speaking of scientists who perform experiments on animals, he stated that "If these vivisectors were being targeted for assassination, and call it political assassination or what have you ... strictly from a fear and intimidation factor, that would be an effective tactic." The following year in an interview with The Observer he made similar comments, including: "I don't think you'd have to kill too many . I think for five lives, 10 lives, 15 human lives, we could save a million, 2 million, 10 million non-human lives." The remarks led to his being barred from entering the United Kingdom on the grounds his presence "would not be conducive to the public good."  Vlasak has since said he was misrepresented. 
In October 2005, he stated to the U.S. Senate that the murder of scientists "would be a morally justifiable solution."
Jonathan Ott
Jonathan Ott is an ethnobotanist, writer, natural products Chemist and Botanical researcher in the area of entheogens and their cultural and historical uses.  In his book Ayahuasca Analogues, he identifies numerous plants around the globe containing the harmala alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, which are MAOIs, and plants containing dimethyltryptamine, which together are the chemical base of the South American Ayahuasca brew. He has collaborated with workers like Christian Ratsch and Jochen Gartz. He has co-authored several books and papers with the late ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson. He has experience of field collecting in Mexico, where he lives and manages a small natural-products laboratory and botanical garden of medicinal herbs.

# Bibliography

## Books
- Ometochtzin: Las Muertes de Dos Conejo (2001)
- Just Say Blow. Coca and Cocaine: A Scientific Blowjob (2001)
- Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001), ISBN 1-888755-02-4
- Pharmacophilia: The Natural Paradise (1997), ISBN 1-888755-00-8
- Age of Entheogens & the Angels' Dictionary (1995), ISBN 0-9614234-6-3
- Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens (1995), ISBN 0-9614234-4-7
- Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic drugs, their plant sources and history (1993), ISBN 0-9614234-2-0
- Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion (1986), ISBN 0-300-05266-9
- The Cacahuatl Eater: Ruminations of an Unabashed Chocolate Addict (1985) (Natural Products Company) ISBN 0-9614234-1-2
- Teonanacatl: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms of North America (Co-edited by J. Bigwood, 1978), ISBN 0-914842-32-3
- Hallucinogenic Plants of North America (1976), ISBN 0-914728-16-4

## Articles
- Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine (2001)
- Applied Psychonautics: Ayahuasca to Pharmahuasca to Anahuasca (2001)
- The Delphic Bee: Bees and toxic honeys as pointers to psychoactive and other medicinal plants (1998)
- Pharmahuasca, Anahuasca and Vinho da Jurema: Human Pharmacology of Oral DMT Plus Harmine (1997)
- Pharmahuasca: On Phenethylamines and Potentiation (1996)
- Ethnopharmacognosy and Human Pharmacology of Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A (1995)
Jorge Benach
Jorge Benach is a medical researcher at the State University of New York (SUNY) at Stonybrook in New York state.  Benach is the chair of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology.  Benach's main area of research is the tick borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi which is the causative agent of Lyme disease.
Benach also has begun to investigate organisms that could be used as bioterrorism agents, specifically Francisella tularensis, the bacterial agent of tularemia.
Benach graduated with a PhD from Rutgers University in 1972. Benach was named to a National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council (NIAID) in 1998 and was named a 1992 Fulbright-Hays Fellow and Exchange Professor.

# Lyme Disease Research
Benach was one of the early researchers in Lyme disease.  Benach and Edward Bosler, Ph.D. collaborated in the dogged and dangerous work of gathering and testing ticks for disease-causing pathogens in 1981 at the Mashomack Preserve on Shelter Island, off the coast of New York.  Benach and colleagues at Stonybrook were of the first researchers to identify the role of the spirochete in Lyme Disease.
Benach and Bosler went on to co-author the book Lyme Disease and Related Disease Disorders, New York Academy of Sciences (September 1988).
Benach and pathology colleague Marc Golightly developed the critical laboratory test to detect the presence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, an ELISA test that became the original gold standard for Lyme diagnosis.
Benach continues to work with borrelia organisms at the Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University.  Benach chairs the scientific and advisory board of the Tick-Borne Disease Institute of the New York State department of health and is an ad-hoc committee member of the National Research Fund for Tick-Borne Diseases.
Josef Dvorak
Josef Dvorak is an Austrian psychoanalyst, Catholic theologian (scholar of Karl Rahner), author, and co-founder of the Viennese Actionism.

# Work
For several years, Dvorak worked as a journalist for the Viennese newspapers Kurier and Arbeiter-Zeitung. At least from the beginning of the 1960s, Dvorak worked in Vienna as a therapist. In this time he also got to know Otto Muehl, who conducted a conversation analysis on Dvorak. At the end of the 1960s, Dvorak was an important intellectual source of inspiration for the left-winged Viennese student scene.
End of the 1970s, Dvorak claimed to have had an encounter with Satan while under the influence of LSD. After that, Dvorak retreated into a farmhouse in the Lower Austrian Waldviertel and began celebrating Satanic masses with plenty of naked flesh and blood (Satanische Messen mit viel nacktem Fleisch und Blut )
In the 1980s, Dvorak celebrated a modification of English occultist Aleister Crowleys Missa Phoenix in Burgenland and in Bremen. These happenings have been broadcasted on Austrian television and gained Dvorak the reputation of being close to Satanism himself.
Today, Dvorak calls himself a Satanologist and, as a free researcher and publicist, is particularly engaged in the history of psychoanalysis and the occult. His 1989 book Satanismus. Schwarze Rituale, Teufelswahn und Exorzismus, Geschichte und Gegenwart. (Satanism. Black rituals, devil obsession and exorcism, history and presence) is regarded as a standard work of Satanism research.

# Literature
- Josef Dvorak: Satanismus. Schwarze Rituale, Teufelswahn und Exorzismus, Geschichte und Gegenwart. Heyne, Munich, 1989. ISBN 3-453-17258-2
Joseph Barth
Joseph Barth October 28, 1746, Valletta, Malta - April 7, 1818, Vienna, Austria, was a notable 18th century ophthalmologist.

# Education
Anatomical & Surgical School at Sacra Infermeria, Valletta (Malta), Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome (Italy), University of Vienna (Austria). Qualified 1772.

# Career
Appointed Public Teacher in Ophthalmology and Anatomy (1773), Professor of Ophthalmology and Anatomy (1774) and Oculist and Professor of Physiology (1786) at University of Vienna; nominated Royal Counsellor (1774) and appointed oculist to Emperor Joseph II (1776); retired 1791 but maintained post of personal imperial physician and ophthalmologist until his death.

# Achievements
Joseph Barth was to gain renown in ophthalmologic practice and to occupy the first Chair of Ophthalmology in Europe. His appointment to the post by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was made in consideration of his "special skill in eye diseases as well as his aptitude in finer anatomy". The professorship occupied by Barth remained the leader in ophthalmology with the subsequent professorship being instituted in Berlin only in 1866.
In Malta the professorship in ophthalmology was only established in 1880 being incumbent by Professor Lawrence Manche. Barth also opened a private nursing home and the first public eye clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1784, wherein he operated on cases of cataract. He apparently designed the original version of the "Beer's knife" that was subsequently modified and popularised by his student. His clinical renown led to his appointment as Imperial Oculist after he successfully treated Kaiser Joseph II of a stubborn "ophthalmitis".
Barth was very much a clinical teacher and was responsible for the training of several renowned physicians, notably Joseph Ehrenritter, Johann Adam Schmidt, Georg Joseph Beer, Georg Prochaska, Jacob Santerelli, G.B. Quadri, and Pietro Magistretti. He also established an Anatomical Museum that housed an assembly of 1576 specimens, some prepared by Barth himself. He also founded a medical library that contained 1500 volumes. Barth did not publish extensively preferring clinical teaching.
His publications included an anatomical work on myology Anfangsgrunde der Muskellehre (Vienna, 1786, 2nd ed. 1819) and an operative text on cataract removal Etwas uber die Ausziehung des graven Staars fur den genubten Operateur (Vienna, 1797, Salzburg, 1797). In 1827, Dr Stefano Zerafa described Joseph Barth as "a man of great merits, Maltese citizen, Chief Physician and Counsellor to Her Sacred Majesty, Professor of Sublime Anatomy and Physiology in the Academy of Vienna, undoubtedly the first among ophthalmologists."
Joseph Janse
Joseph Janse was born in Middelberg, Netherlands,
in 1909. He was the third child of Jan Pieter and Gertrude (De Voogd) Janse.  Arriving in the US at age 6, he attended the Weber County, UT public schools, and he received two years of Pre-medical education at Weber State College by 1930. After three years  in Europe as a missionary, he transferred to University of Utah  to complete his pre-medical studies. He entered National College of Chiropractic in the spring of 1935 and  received both the DC and ND  degrees  on June 17, 1938. On June 24, 1938 he married Gloria Julie Schade  in Utah and they had three children.

# Biography
Upon graduation from National College, he immediately joined their faculty,  and taught in the departments of Anatomy and Chiropractic, continuing through his tenure as President .
He was named one of four Deans,  and then in December, 1944,  he was elected to the College's Board of Trustees. And in their Minutes of that meeting , he was  elected President of National College.  
Dr. Janse was licensed to practice in eleven States, and qualified  by the Canadian board as well.  He was known as a "fire and brimstone" orator, and was much in demand throughout the profession. 
- 1947 - He spearheaded the formation of the Council on Chiropractic Education  USA, and served as its Secretary from 1947-1959, and President from 1951-1961 and foreign liaison until 1982, the Board took the unprecedented step of naming him "President Emeritus".
- 1967 - He was honored to have been selected to deliver  a paper called "The Scientific Basis of Chiropractic" before the U.S. Congressional Ad Hoc Committee on Chiropractic.
- 1971 - His contributions to the science of Chiropractic were so great , that the International College of Chiropractors elected him to the rank of "Dean" of the "Faculty" of the (Honorary) College; a post he held until his passing in 1985.
Juan Mezzich

# Background
Juan E. Mezzich, M.D., Ph. D. (b. 1945) is the president of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA).
He currently works as the Professor of Psychiatry and Director at the Division of Psychiatric Epidemiology and International Center for Mental Health at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University.
During his life he was awarded the Simon Bolivar Award of the American Psychiatric Association, Doctor Honoris Causal at Athens University (Greece), Cordoba University (Argentina), and University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania).
He also received a Honorary Professorship at Cayetano Heredia Peruvian and Belgrade (Serbia) Universities.
Mezzich is author/coauthor of over 200 scientific journal articles and book chapters and wrote more then 20 books and monographs and is the Editor/coeditor of Psychopathology , Basel , and Psiquiatria y Salud Integral, New York. He is also an editorial board member of 12 other psychiatric journals in the Americas and Europe.

# Biography
Mezzich was born in 1945, in Lima, Peru, of Yugoslavian and Peruvian ancestries.
He graduated at the Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University and was the president of the University Student Association.
He received psychiatric residency training at Ohio State University and was the diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, and has a Ph. D. in Mathematical and Statistical Psychology at the Ohio State University.
From 1996 to 1999 he was the Secretary General of the WPA. Currently he is the president of the WPA.

# Currently researching
Currently Mezzich is researching on:
- New International Classification and Diagnostic Systems (ICD-11 and Comprehensive Diagnostic Model)
- Mental and General Health Comorbidity
- Culture-Informed Assessment of Mental Health (Multi-ethnic Bicultural Scale, Personal Health Scale, and Quality of Life Index)
- DSM-IV Cultural Formulation (educational developments and research evaluation of its impact on clinical care).

# Books written by Juan Mezzich
- Psychiatry and Sexual Health: An Integrative Approach (2006)
- Philosophical & Methodological Bases of Psychiatric Diagnosis
- Comprehensive Health & Integration of Services: New York & International Perspectives
- Guia Latinoamericana de Diagnostico Psiquiatrico (GLADP) (APAL, 2004)
- Personality Disorders (2004)
- WPA International Guidelines for Diagnostic Assessment (IGDA) (2003)
- International Classification and Diagnosis: Critical Experience and Future Directions (2002)
- Cultural Psychiatry: International Perspectives (2001)
- The City and Mental Health (2000), Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A DSM-IV Perspective (1996)
- Psychiatric Diagnosis: A World Perspective (1995)
- Psychiatric Epidemiology  (1994)
- The 1986-1987 initial evaluation summary report (1988)
Jugular vein
The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.

# Internal and external
There are two sets of jugular veins: external and internal.
- The internal jugular vein is formed by the anastomosis of blood from the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater and the common facial vein. The internal jugular runs with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve inside the carotid sheath. It provides venous drainage for the contents of the skull.
- The external jugular runs superficially to sternocleidomastoid.
Both connect to the brachocephalic veins, the external jugular joining more laterally than the internal. The brachicephalic veins then join the subclavian veins from both sides then join to form the superior vena cava.
There is also another, minor, jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, draining the the submaxillary region.

# Cultural references
- The jugular vein is the major point of damage when performing Jigai, a traditional way for Japanese women to commit suicide. This method was most commonly used because of its quick, painless, and certain outcome.
- In popular culture, the jugular is stereotypically what dogs and other animals are thought to go after with the intent of killing another animal, generally because of the awareness that it will incapacitate the opponent with little effort.  In reality the injury that does this is to the carotid artery, as the flow from venial bleeding is easily stopped.
- It is also the Islamic method of slaughtering animals. Muslims traditionally pronounce "God is Great" before pulling a sharpened blade from a concealed place, and then slicing through both veins in the neck, as this numbs creatures and brings about instant death. The resulting Halal meat is made from the animal to consume after all the blood is drained from the openings.

# Additional images
- Human embryo of about fourteen days, with yolk-sac.
- Human embryo with heart and anterior body-wall removed to show the sinus venosus and its tributaries.
Kdd Ontology
As data mining applications became more popular, organizations providing KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Database) services have accumulated a growing number of stored documents and processes of their past projects. Moreover, developing KDD projects usually demands several tools, programming languages and methodologies, as well several descriptions of data generated during the development of such projects. In fact, one the major practical problems regarding KDD is how to provide interoperability among different platforms.
Another important practical problem with KDD is the lack of platforms capable of supporting the reuse of knowledge acquired from past projects. 
This work proposes an ontology to the KDD projects and at using these metadata for knowledge reuse and evaluating new data mining projects (meta-data mining).

# Example
In Construction...