Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Sciencenet
"Sciencenet" is an experimental search engine at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Liebel-Lab) for scientific knowledge. 
The Sciencenet software (YaCy) is based on p2p technology developed by Michael Christen in collaboration with Liebel-lab at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

# Background
Scientific knowledge is spread across many database, research institutes, educational websites and literature repositories. Today's search engines success is often based on popularity ranking. 
Popularity ranking is a powerful method for general search strategies, but less efficient for scientific knowledge. The Sciencenet search engine is especially for scientific websites and scientific content. Its index is a collection of educational (e.g. of ".edu" / ".ac.uk" /".ac.au") and research dedicated sites (e.g. the german Helmholtz society, Max Planck institutes or Swiss and Austrian universities). This is the major difference to the global YaCy search engine ("Freeworld"), which serves as a global search engine.

# Sciencenet architecture
Sciencenet is a network of Linux PCs running "YaCy" software. The "Sciencenet core cluster" is located at the Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (Liebel-Lab), KIT Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology).
Sciencenet-YaCy software has been designed and tested to run in a network with at least 2000 CPUs, with up to 10 Mio webpages per single CPU, allowing to search large and/or distributed information repositories.

# Mission
Any university / research institute is encouraged to use the software and contribute to the scientific network. The software automatically connects to the "core cluster" and contributes its search engine to the distributed sciencenet network. A high speed internet broadband connection (> 2 Mbit/s) and dedicated PCs are required.   
Ideally every research institute runs the free YaCy-Sciencenet software on 1-2 local PCs and provides its webpages to the network. 
As a side effect, wasted bandwidth from external search engines is reduced to a minimum.
The sciencenet ideally provides a free, open scientific search engine index to the community.

# Sciencenet current status
- Currently (April, 2008) 45 low cost Linux-PCs running Java and YaCy software share ~105.000.000 documents in a distributed peer2peer network.
Sclerology
Sclerology is a non-invasive alternative medicine practice in which the sclera is examined for information about a patient's systemic health.
According to advocates, examination of the sclera reveals a great number of disease processes and is capable of showing data that is more current (to within days), while iridology is better at showing genetic tendency. They claim sclerology requires no clinical tools and is an inexpensive, non-invasive method to enhance the evaluation of patients' health.

# History
Sclerology has been used perennially by indigenous cultures for at least a millennia.  Ancient Chinese medical texts (Secrets of the Bronze Man, written 1046AD in the Song Dynasty, translated by Stuart Mauro of Dallas TX) show that the method was used in China over 1000 years ago. American Indians (Nez Perce and Blackfoot) practiced it but kept no written records.

# Criticism
Similar to criticism which has been leveled at iridology and other alternative practices, skeptics point out that sclerology is founded in pseudoscience, claiming that there is no reason to assume that the condition of the sclera has any causal relation to a patient's condition in general. They also claim it is ineffective and may be harmful to patients if it delays the diagnosis and treatment of a true medical problem.
Semorphone
Semorphone (Mr 2264) is an opiate analogue that is an N-substituted derivative of oxymorphone.
Semorphone is a partial agonist at -opioid receptors. It is around twice the potency of morphine, but with a ceiling effect on both analgesia and respiratory depression which means that these effects stop becoming any stronger after a certain maximum dose.
It is not currently used in medicine, and is not a controlled drug, although it might be considered to be a controlled substance analogue of oxymorphone on the grounds of its related chemical structure in some jurisdictions such as the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Sequestrum
A sequestrum is a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.
It is a complication (sequelae) of osteomyelitis. The pathological process is as follows:
- infection in the bone leads to an increase in intramedullary pressure due to inflammatory exudates
- the periosteum becomes stripped from the osteum, leading to vascular thrombosis
- bone necrosis follows due to lack of blood supply
- sequestra are formed
The sequestra are surrounded by sclerotic bone which for all intents and purposes is relatively avascular (without a blood supply). Within the bone itself, the haversian canals become blocked with scar tissue, and the bone becomes surrounded by thickened periosteum.
Due to the avascular nature of this bone, antibiotics which travel to sites of infection via the bloodstream, poorly penetrate these tissues. Hence the difficulty in treating chronic osteomyelitis.
At the same time as this, new bone is forming (known as involucrum).  Opening in this involucrum allow debris and exudates (including pus) to pass from the sequestrum via sinus tracts to the skin.
Serum iron
The medical laboratory test for serum iron measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to transferrin.
Clinicians order this laboratory test when they are concerned about iron deficiency, which can cause anemia and other problems.
65% of the iron in the body is bound up in hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. About 4% is bound up in myoglobin molecules. Around 30% of the iron in the body is stored as ferritin or hemosiderin in the spleen, the bone marrow and the liver. Small amounts of iron can be found in other molecules in cells throughout the body. None of this iron is directly accessible by testing the serum.
However, some iron is circulating in the serum. Transferrin is a molecule produced by the liver that binds one or two iron(III) ions; transferrin is essential if stored iron is to be moved and used.
Most of the time, about 30% of the available sites on the transferrin molecule are filled. The test for serum iron uses blood drawn from veins to measure the iron molecules that are bound to transferrin, and circulating in the blood.
The extent to which sites on transferrin molecules are filled by iron ions can be another helpful clinical indicator, known as percent transferrin saturation. Another lab test saturates the sample to measure the total amount of transferrin; this test is called total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). These three tests are generally done at the same time, and taken together are an important part of the diagnostic process for anemia, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia and Haemochromatosis.

# Normal values
- Serum Iron (SI):
Men: 65 to 176 g/dL
Women: 50 to 170 g/dL
Newborns: 100 to 250 g/dL
Children: 50 to 120 g/dL
- Men: 65 to 176 g/dL
- Women: 50 to 170 g/dL
- Newborns: 100 to 250 g/dL
- Children: 50 to 120 g/dL
- TIBC: 240-450 g/dL
- Transferrin saturation: 20-50%
g/dL = micrograms per deciliter.
Laboratories often use different units and "normal" may vary by population and the lab techniques used; look at the individual laboratory reference values to interpret a specific test (for instance, your own).
Sexdactyly
Sexadactyly or hexadactyly is a genetic condition in which a person has six fingers on one or both hands, or six toes on one or both feet. This is a genetically inheritable condition; it is actually autosomal-dominant; and some populations feature a larger proportion of six-fingered people.
Sexadactyly, or hexadactyly, is not merely defined as having six finger per hand or six toes per foot. It requires that each of the six fingers have its own ray, so that no two fingers would be more "merged" than on a normal hand on X-rays (as in most forms of polydactyly). Nonspecialists and the media however use the terms interchangeably.
It has been rumored that Anne Boleyn, wife of King Henry VIII of England and mother of Queen Elizabeth I of England, had six fingers on one hand.  In fiction, Thomas Harris' character Hannibal Lecter has sexadactyly of the left hand, with mid-ray duplication.
The biblical giant Goliath is said to have had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot:
2 Samuel 21:20
And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. - Authorized King James Version|KJV
1 Chronicles 20:6
And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot and he also was the son of the giant. - KJV
Sinicuichi
Sinicuichi (Heimia), also known as sun opener or shrubby yellowcrest, is a genus of two or three species of shrubs in the family Lythraceae, native to the Americas, from northern Argentina north to the southernmost United States (southern Texas). The leaves are 2-5 cm long and 1 cm broad, entire, and variably arranged alternate, opposite or whorled on the stems.

# Species
- Heimia myrtifolia is a shrub growing to 1 m tall. The yellow flowers are 5 petaled and 1 cm in diameter. The leaves are approximately 5 mm wide by 2-3 cm long.
- Heimia salicifolia is a shrub growing to 3 m tall. The yellow flowers are 5 petaled and 2-3 cm in diameter. The leaves are approximately 1 cm wide and 3-5 cm long.

# Secondary metabolites
Both Heimia species contain the following secondary metabolites:
- Cryogenine, psychoactive
- Sinicuichine
- Heimidine
- Lyfoline
- Nesodine
- Abresoline
- Anelisine
- Dehydrodecadine
- Sinine

# History & Uses
Heimia myrtifolia and Heimia salicifolia are psychoactive and is reputed to produce auditory and / or visual hallucinations. The term 'sun opener' refers to the effects of the plant relating to vision. A brightening or 'opening' of the sun occurs when this plant is consumed. Botanists are actually uncertain as to whether or not the plant now known as 'sinicuichi' is the 'sun opener' that the indigenous peoples of South America used medicinally. Early writings about the plant are unclear, and there is much speculation that the original 'sun opener' was actually cannabis.

# Cultivation
The species make attractive ornamental plants, flowering in late summer. Although only growing as a shrub in subtropical climates, it can also be grown as a herbaceous perennial in colder areas where the above-ground growth is killed by winter cold.
The plants produce very many tiny seeds which are easily cultivated. The seeds should be sown thinly across the top of fine, packed soil. Both species perfer well-drained soil with a good supply of water. The seedlings should be watered by a fine mist or with bottom watering to avoid washing them off to the side of the pot. They should be kept out of intense sunlight until they form the first real leaves. It may be necessary to spread the seedlings out in their initial pots to avoid over-crowding. The seedlings should be moved to at least an inch apart once they are large enough to handle. Be aware that small seedlings of this species often have relatively large root structures. A plant less than a quarter-inch tall may have roots up to two inches deep.
Sitaxentan

# Overview
Sitaxentan sodium (TBC-11251) is a medication for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).  It was marketed as Thelin by Encysive Pharmaceuticals until Pfizer purchased Encysive in February 2008.  In 2010, Pfizer voluntarily removed sitaxentan from the market due to concerns about liver toxicity.

# Mechanism of Action
Sitaxentan  is a small molecule that blocks the action of endothelin (ET) on the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor selectively (by a factor of 6000 compared to the ETB).   It is a sulfonamide class endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and is undergoing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review for treating pulmonary hypertension. The rationale for benefit compared to bosentan, a nonselective ET blocker, is negligible inhibition of the beneficial effects of ETB stimulation, such as nitric oxide production and clearance of ET from circulation. In clinical trials, the efficacy of sitaxentan has been much the same as bosentan, but the hepatotoxicity of sitaxentan outweighs its benefits. Dosing is once daily, as opposed to twice daily for bosentan.

# Regulatory Status
On December 10, 2010 Pfizer announced it would be withdrawing sitaxentan worldwide (both from marketing and from all clinical study use), citing that it is a cause of fatal liver damage.
Sitaxentan was approved for marketing in the European Union in 2006, in Canada in 2006 and in Australia in 2007. By February 2008 it had been launched commercially in Germany, Austria, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain and Italy.
In March 2006, the FDA recommended an approvable status to sitaxentan but said it would not yet approve the product. In July 2006, sitaxentan received a second approvable letter stating that efficacy outcome issues raised in the context of the STRIDE-2 study were still unresolved. In July 2007, Encysive commenced a formal dispute resolution process in a preliminary meeting with the FDA. In September 2007 the company announced that it was making preparations for another phase III clinical trial (intended to be named STRIDE-5) to overcome the FDA's concerns. The takeover by Pfizer resulted in a reconfiguration and extension of these plans, to include combination therapy with sildenafil. The Sitaxentan Efficacy and Safety Trial With a Randomized Prospective Assessment of Adding Sildenafil (SR-PAAS) was an ongoing program of three clinical trials conducted in the United States (ClinicalTtrials.gov identifiers: NCT00795639, NCT00796666 and NCT00796510) with anticipated completion dates between June 2010 and January 2014.

# Adverse Effects
Adverse effects observed with sitaxentan are class effects of endothelin receptor antagonists, and include :
- liver enzyme abnormalities (increased ALT and AST)
- headache
- edema
- constipation
- nasal congestion
- upper respiratory tract infection
- dizziness
- insomnia
- flushing
Because sitaxentan inhibits metabolism of warfarin, a decreased dose of warfarin is needed when co-administered with sitaxentan. This is because warfarin acts to prevent blood from clotting, and if it remains unmetabolized, it can continue to thin the blood.
Somniloquy

# Overview
Somniloquy or sleep-talking is a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud in one's sleep. It can be quite loud, ranging from simple sounds to long speeches, and can occur many times during sleep. Listeners may or may not be able to understand what the person is saying.
Sleep-talking usually occurs during transitory arousals from REM sleep. It can also occur during NREM sleep at which time it represents a motor breakthrough (see sleep paralysis) of dream speech, words spoken in a dream are spoken out loud.
Sleep-talking can occur by itself or as a feature of another sleep disorder such as:
- REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) - loud, emotional or profane sleep talking
- Sleepwalking
- Night terrors - intense fear, screaming, shouting
- Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED)
Sleep-talking is very common and is reported in 50% of young children, with most of them outgrowing it by puberty, although it may persist into adulthood (about 5% of adults are reported to talk in their sleep). It appears to run in families.
Sleep-talking by itself is harmless and the content should be taken lightly, however it can wake up others and cause them consternationespecially when misinterpreted as conscious speech by an observer. If the sleep-talking is dramatic, emotional, or profane it may be a sign of another sleep disorder (see above). Sleep-talking can be monitored by a partner or by using an audio recording device; devices which remain idle until detecting a soundwave are ideal for this purpose. In order to prevent sleep-talking a mouthguard may be worn.
One famous sleep talker is Dion McGregor, a man who became something of an underground celebrity when his roommate Michael Barr recorded his nightly soliloquies (which were often hilariously detailed), which were then released as a series of albums in the 60's.
SmartMatch
SmartMatch is a proprietary intelligent search engine that searches resumes and other information about job applicants and matches that information with job descriptions . It was developed at Guru.com between 2001 and 2003 and was acquired by Unicru in 2004. During development it was referred to by its codename Convex.
SmartMatch uses a variety of techniques from artificial intelligence research to produce high-quality search results. Its three major components are:
- A resume parser that can locate the principle structure of English-language resumes.
- A domain-specific ontology that allows the extraction of concepts from parsed resumes
- A set of machine learning tools that automatically extend and enhance the ontology
Spiramycin

# Overview
Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Spiramycin has been used in Europe since the year 2000 under the trade name "Rovamycine", produced by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer and Famar Lyon, France and Eczacibasi Ilae, Turkey. It also goes under the name Rovamycine in Canada (distributed by OdanLaboratories), where it is mostly marketed to dentists for mouth infections.
Spiramycin is a 16-membered ring macrolide (antibiotic). It was discovered in 1952 as a product of Streptomyces ambofaciens. As a preparation for oral administration it has been used since 1955, in 1987 also the parenteral form was introduced into practice. The antibacterial action involves inhibition of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell during translocation. Resistance to spiramycin can develop by several mechanisms and its prevalence is to a considerable extent proportional to the frequency of prescription in a given area. The antibacterial spectrum comprises Gram-positive cocci and rods, Gram-negative cocci and also Legionellae, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae, some types of spirochetes, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium sp., Enterobacteria, pseudomonads and pathogenic moulds are resistant. Its action is mainly bacteriostatic, on highly sensitive strains it exerts a bactericide action. As compared with erythromycin, it is in vitro weight for weight 5 to 20 less effective, an equipotential therapeutic dose is, however, only double. This difference between the effectiveness in vitro and in vivo is explained above all by the great affinity of spiramycin to tissues where it achieves concentrations many times higher than serum levels. An important part is played also by the slow release of the antibiotic from the tissue compartment, the marked action on microbes in sub-inhibition concentrations and the relatively long persisting post-antibiotic effect. Its great advantage is the exceptionally favourable tolerance-gastrointestinal and general. It is available for parenteral and oral administration
Spumavirus
A spumavirus or foamyvirus is a genus of the retroviridae family. Spumaviruses are exogenous viruses that have specific morphology with prominent surface spikes. The virions contain significant amounts of double-stranded full-length DNA, and assembly is rather unusual in these viruses.  Normally, the envelope membrane is acquired by budding through the endoplasmic reticulum.  However, in, for example, the equine foamy virus (EFV), budding from the cytoplasmic membrane occurs.
Some examples of this virus are the chimpanzee foamy virus, simian foamy virus and the human foamy virus.
While spumaviruses will form characteristic large vacuoles in their host cells while in vitro, there is no disease association in vivo.
Stanford V

# Overview
Stanford V is a chemotherapy regimen designed for Hodgkin's lymphoma that consists of the following:
- Mechlorethamine
- Doxorubicin
- Vinblastine
- Vincristine
- Bleomycin
- Etoposide
- Prednisone
It is a newer method than MOPP or ABVD, the two previous most common treatments for Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The chemotherapy part of Stanford V treatment can last anywhere from 8 to 12 weeks, depending on the staging of the disease.  In many cases, this is followed by radiation therapy for anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks to the affected areas of the body.
It is believed that Stanford V is at least as effective as other methods of treatment.  Stanford V is a more rigorously administered form of chemotherapy, with treatments roughly twice as fast as those of other Hodgkin's lymphoma treatments; however, this is tempered by the need for radiation therapy in most cases which is not typically required under ABVD.
Stanozolol

# Overview
Stanozolol, commonly sold under the name Winstrol  (oral) and Winstrol Depot   (intra-muscular), was developed by Winthrop Laboratories in 1962. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid derived from testosterone, and has been approved by the FDA for human use.
Unlike most injectable anabolic steroids, Stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an aqueous suspension, or in oral tablet form. The drug has a large oral bioavailability, due to a C17 -alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first pass liver metabolism when ingested. It is because of this that Stanozolol is also sold in tablet form.
Stanozolol is usually considered a safer choice for female bodybuilders in that it rewards a great amount of anabolism for a small androgenic effect, however virilization and masculinization are still very common, even at low doses.
Stanozolol has been used on both animal and human patients for a number of conditions. In humans, it has been demonstrated to be successful in treating anaemia and hereditary angioedema. Veterinarians may prescribe the drug to improve muscle growth, red blood cell production, increase bone density and stimulate the appetite of debilitated or weakened animals.
Stanozolol is one of the Anabolic steroids commonly used as an ergogenic aid and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).