Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
DNAJC19
Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC19 gene on chromosome 3. TIM14 belongs to the DnaJ family, which has been involved in Hsp40/Hsp70 chaperone systems. As a mitochondrial chaperone, TIM14 functions as part of the TIM23 complex import motor to facilitate the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondria. TIM14 also complexes with prohibitin complexes to regulate mitochondrial morphogenesis, and has been implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia.

# Structure
The DNAJC19 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 3 at position 26.33 and it spans 6,065 base pairs. The DNAJC19 gene produces a 6.29 kDa protein composed of 59 amino acids. The protein encoded by the DNAJC19 gene possesses an unusual structure compared to the rest of the DNAJ protein family. Notably, the DNAJ domain of TIM14 is located at the C-terminal rather than the N-terminal, and the transmembrane domain confers membrane-bound localization for TIM14 while other DNAJ proteins are cytosolic. TIM14 orthologs in other species, such as the yeast Tim14 and Mdj2p proteins, confirm localization to the mitochondrial inner membrane.

# Function
TIM14 is required for the ATP-dependent import of mitochondrial pre-proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.The J-domain of TIM14 stimulates mtHsp70 ATPase activity to power this transport.
Additionally, TIM14 helps regulate mitochondrial morphology by complexing with prohibitins to perform disphosphoglycerolipid cardiolipin (CL) remodeling. CL is a key phospholipid in mitochondrial membranes that modulates the fusion and fission of mitochondrial membranes, as well as mitophagy and apoptosis.

# Clinical significance
Defects in DNAJC19 have been observed primarily in cases of dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA), though it has also been associated with growth failure, microcytic anemia, and male genital anomalies. DNAJC19 was first implicated in DCMA in a study on the consanguineous Hutterite population, which has since been confirmed in other European populations. In the clinic, DNAJC19 mutations can be detected by screening for elevated levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid, mitochondrial distress, dilated cardiomyopathy, prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, and cerebellar ataxia.

# Interactions
TIM14 interacts with:
- TIMM44,
- mtHsp70,
- TIMM16/PAM16, and
- PHB2.
DNAJC30
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 30 (DNAJC30), also known as Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 18 protein (WBSCR18), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC30 gene. This intronless gene encodes a member of the DNAJ molecular chaperone homology domain-containing protein family. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23.

# Structure
The DNAJC30 gene is an intronless gene composed of only one exon, with the chromosome location 7q11.23 in humans. Its open reading frame (ORF) consists of 681 bp in the human cDNA and 660 bp in the mouse cDNA, which encode proteins of 226 and 219 residues, respectively. They are members of the DNAJ molecular chaperone homology domain-containing protein family.

# Function
DNAJC30 is expressed in many tissues, including the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, stomach, and testis, though no transcripts were found in colon, small intestine, and muscle. This protein has been found to localize to the cytosol and mitochondria of cells.  Though its exact biological function has yet to be elucidated, the centromeric location of DNAJC30 on the chromosome has led Merla et al. to postulate that it may contribute to functions such as subtle defects in cognition, transient hypercalcemia, and gastrointestinal problems experienced by Williams Beuren syndrome patients. 

# Clinical Significance
This gene is one of several contiguous genes located at 7q11.23 deleted in Williams Beuren syndrome, the others including: elastin, FKBP6, FZD9 (FZD3), BAZ1B (WSTF, WBSCR9), BCL7B, TBL2 (WS-TRP), WBSCR14 (WS-bHLH), STX1A, CLDN3 (CPETR2, RVP1), CLDN4 (CPETR1), LIMK1, EIF4H (WBSCR1), WBSCR15 (WBSCR5), RFC2, CYLN2 (CLIP-115, WBSCR4, WBSCR3), GTF2IRD1 (WBSCR11, GTF3), and GTF2I (BAP135, SPIN). Williams Beuren syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by congenital heart and vascular disease, hypertension, infantile hypercalcemia, dental abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, mental retardation, premature aging of the skin, and unique cognitive and personality profiles. While haploinsufficiency of elastin is known to cause the cardiovascular deficiencies, the roles of the other 16 genes in the deleted region, including DNAJC30, have yet to be confirmed.
Damiana
Damiana (Turnera diffusa, syn. Turnera aphrodisiaca) is a shrub native to Central and South America. It belongs to the family Turneraceae.
Blooming with small yellow flowers, the shrub has an odor somewhat like chamomile or cannabis sativa, which is due to an oil present in the plant. The leaves have traditionally been made into a tea which was used by native people of Central and South America for its reputed aphrodisiac effects.
Damiana is also a European name. In the country of Bulgaria it is simply a female version of Damian. In Greece the name Damiana refers to a person who is tame and subdued. Additionally, the name Damiana is somewhat common in Latino/Spanish locations.

# Uses

## Herbal Medicine
In herbal medicine, damiana is used to treat conditions ranging from coughs, to constipation, to depression. The herbal supplement is reputed to help with Energy, Emphysema, low Estrogen, Frigidity, Hot Flashes, Impotency, Infertility, Menopause, Parkinson's Disease, PMS, Inflammation of Prostate, Lou Gehrig's disease, and more dealing with reproductive organs in both males and females

## Recreational
Also, a traditional Mexican liqueur, sometimes used in margaritas is made from this herb. Its makers claim that Damiana liqueur was used in the first margarita.
Dantron

# Overview
Dantron (INN), also known as chrysazin or 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, is an organic substance, formally derived from anthraquinone by the replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups (OH).  It is used in some countries as a stimulant laxative.
It should not be confused with ondansetron, an unrelated drug that was marketed in South Africa under the trade name "Dantron".

# Medical uses
In the USA, dantron is not used because it is considered to be a carcinogen.
In the UK it is considered a possible carcinogen and so its licence is restricted to patients who already have a diagnosis of terminal cancer. It is mainly used in palliative care to counteract the constipating effects of opioids. Its  British Approved Name was danthron, but it has now been changed to "dantron", the recommended International Nonproprietary Name.
Dantron has the notable side-effect of causing red-colored urine.
Estriol

# Overview
Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body. It is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta. In pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), estriol reduces the disease's symptoms noticeably, according to researchers at UCLA's Geffen Medical School.
Levels of estriol in non-pregnant women do not change much after menopause, and levels are not significantly different from levels in men.

# Use in screening
Estriol levels can be measured to give an indication of the general health of the fetus. DHEA-S is produced by the adrenal cortex of the fetus. This is converted to estriol by the placenta.
If levels of "unconjugated estriol" are abnormally low in a pregnant woman, this may indicate a problem with the development of the child. It is included as part of the triple test.
HLA-B27
Human Leukocyte Antigen B*27 (subtypes B*2701-2724) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 and presents microbial antigens to T-cells. HLA-B27 strongly associated with a  certain set of autoimmune diseases referred to as the "seronegative spondyloarthropathies". In the general population, about 8% Caucasian, 4% African, 2-9% Chinese, and 0.1-0.5% Japanese have the HLA-B27 antigen. In Northern Scandinavia (Lapland), 24% of people are HLA-B27 positive while 1.8% have ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

# Mystery
The relationship between HLA-B27 and many diseases has not yet been fully elucidated.  Though it is associated with a wide range of pathology, it does not appear to be the sole mediator in development of disease.  For example, while nearly all people with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are HLA-B27 positive, only a fraction of people with HLA-B27 ever develop AS. This raises two important questions: why don't all HLA-B27 positive people develop AS, and why do some (although rarely) people who are HLA-B27 negative develop it?  The literature is inconclusive, though several theories have been suggested and research continues.

# Associated pathology
In addition to its connection with AS, HLA-B27 is implicated in Reiter's syndrome, certain eye disorders such as acute anterior uveitis and iritis, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease. Reiter's syndrome then again, is statistically associated with AS.
Decorin
Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene.
Decorin is a proteoglycan that is on average 90 - 140 kilodaltons (kDa) in molecular weight.  It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS).
Decorin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. This protein is a component of connective tissue, binds to type I collagen fibrils, and plays a role in matrix assembly.

# Naming
Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it "decorates" collagen type I, and that it interacts with the "d" and "e" bands of fibrils of this collagen.

# Function
Decorin appears to influence fibrillogenesis, and also interacts with fibronectin, thrombospondin, the complement component C1q, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).
Decorin has been shown to either enhance or inhibit the activity of TGF-beta 1. The primary function of decorin involves regulation during the cell cycle.
It has been involved in the regulation of autophagy, of endothelial cell and inhibits angiogenesis. This process is mediated by a high-affinity interaction with VEGFR2 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) which leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor gene called PEG3. Other angiogenic growth factors that decorin inhibits are angiopoietin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
Decorin has recently been established as a myokine. In this role, it promotes muscle hypertrophy by binding with myostatin.

# Clinical signifiance
Keloid scars have decreased decorin expression compared to healthy skin.

# Animal studies
Infusion of decorin into experimental rodent spinal cord injuries has been shown to suppress scar formation and promote axon growth.
Decorin has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties in an experimental murine tumor model and is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. There are multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants known for the decorin gene. Mutations in the decorin gene are associated with congenital stromal corneal dystrophy.

# Interactions
Decorin has been shown to interact with:
- Collagen type I
- Epidermal growth factor receptor  and
- TGF beta 1,
- TLR2, and
- TLR4.
Dentrix

# Overview
Dentrix Dental Systems, a division of Sullivan-Schein Dental, sells and supports DENTRIX and Easy Dental (dental practice management software). Dentrix was the first practice management software for Windows in 1989. Dentrix Dental Systems was founded in 1985, and was incorporated in 1989. DENTRIX and Henry Schein have enjoyed a successful exclusive distribution partnership since 2005.
Dentrix uses a C-tree database system with theoretical limit of 29 workstations. The Enterprise version (DXOne) uses a SQL database and can support many workstations and/or multiple office locations. Dentrix Encourages use of 'integrated' products by purposely trying to lock out the use of other electronic claim clearinghouses. The bridge to Care Credit has been discontinued. In addition to their fully integrated digital imaging program (Dentrix Image), Dentrix allows integration with many different image software through use of DtxLinks. Images and documents are all stored in a proprietary format. Some disadvantages of the software include: being unable to mix insurance information between families, making divorce situations difficult; and difficulty splitting payments between family members.
The following is a basic list of some of the software features:
- scheduling
- accounting
- Charting
- Patient Picture
- Audit Trail
- Auto phone dialing
- Connectivity to Palm OS through DXMobile
- Ability to track Lab cases
- Voice software for periocharting
- Document Center to scan and store paperwork.
- Letter merge
- Custom Report lists.
- Digital radiographs and intra/extra oral
- payment/fee schedules
- Extensive treatment planning options with phases or alternative options
- Many Chart views (upper, lower, quadrant, side of mouth, arch and 3D modeling)
- Create multiple treatment plans
- Generate dynamic presentations based on the selected treatment plan
- Integrate relevant digital images into patient treatment plan presentations
- Burn a presentation to CD for your patient to take home
- Layout changes can be saved and applied according to the user who is logged in
- Choose from 70 new Clinical Note templates or create templates of your own
- View image thumbnails in multiple sizes
- digitally capture a patients signature on informed consent form.

# External websites
- ADA Vendor Directory of Practice Management Software
- Dentrix
Destrin
Destrin or DSTN (also known as actin depolymerizing factor or ADF) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DSTN gene. Destrin is a component protein in microfilaments.
The product of this gene belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF (Actin-Depolymerizing Factor)/cofilin family. This family of proteins is responsible for enhancing the turnover rate of actin in vivo. This gene encodes the actin depolymerizing protein that severs actin filaments (F-actin) and binds to actin monomers (G-actin). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

# Structure
The tertiary structure of destrin was determined by the use of triple-resonance multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR.  The secondary and tertiary structures of destrin are similar to the gelsolin family which is another actin-regulating protein family.
There are three ordered layers to destrin which is a globular protein.  There is a central  sheet that is composed of one parallel strand and three antiparallel strands.  This  sheet is between a long  helix along with a shorter one and two shorter helices on the opposite side.  The four helices are parallel to the  strands.

# Function
In a variety of eukaryotes, destrin regulates actin in the cytoskeleton.  Destrin binds actin and is thought to connect it as gelsolin segment-1 does.  Furthermore, the binding of actin by destrin and cofilin is regulated negatively by phosphorylation.  Destrin can also sever actin filaments.
Dextrin

# Overview
Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch. Dextrins are mixtures of linear -(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers starting with an -(1,6) bond. Because branched amylopectin and glycogen also contain -(1,6) bonds, which -amylase cannot hydrolyze in humans, the digest resulting from this action contains a mixture of dextrins. They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length. Industrial production is, in general, performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch. Dextrins are water-soluble, white to slightly yellow solids that are optically active. Under analysis, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.
The cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins. They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example, Bacillus macerans. Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.
Dextrins find widespread use in industry, due to their non-toxicity and their low price. They are used as water-soluble glues, as thickening agents in food processing, and as binding agent in pharmaceuticals. In pyrotechnics, they are added to fire formulas, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars." Cyclodextrins find additional use in analytical chemistry as a matrix for the separation of hydrophobic substances, and as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. Not all forms of dextrin are digestible, and indigestible dextrin is sometimes used in fiber supplements.
For example, maltodextrin either can be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.  Maltodextrin is a  polysaccharide that is used as a food additive.  It is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic powder.  Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose. The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.
Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch. In the US, this starch is usually rice, corn or potato; elsewhere, such as in Europe, it is commonly wheat.  
This is important for coeliacs, since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.  There have been recent reports of coeliac reaction to maltodextrin in the United States.  This might be a consequence of the shift of corn to ethanol production and its replacement with wheat in the formulation.  The fast food chain, Wendy's, footnotes maltodextrin in its list of gluten-free foods , which may be a sign of their receiving reports of this.
Foods containing maltodextrin may contain traces of amino acids, including glutamic acid as a manufacturing by-product.  The amino acids traces would be too small to have any dietary significance.
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-O H) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol (C6H5OH).
Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have relatively higher acidities due to the aromatic ring tightly coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually comprised between 10 and 12). Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a negative phenolate ion.
Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.

# Synthesis of phenols
Several laboratory methods for the synthesis of phenols:
- by an ester rearrangement in the Fries rearrangement
- by a rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamines in the Bamberger rearrangement
- by hydrolysis of phenolic esters or ethers
- by reduction of quinones
- by replacement of an aromatic amine by an hydroxyl group with water and sodium bisulfite in the Bucherer reaction
- by hydrolysis of diazonium salts
- by oligomerisation with formaldehyde + base catalysed reaction with epichlorohydrine to epoxi resin components
- by reaction with acetone/ketones to e.g. Bisphenol A, an important monomer for resins, e.g. polycarbonate(PC), epoxi resins
- by a rearrangement reaction of dienones  in the dienone phenol rearrangement :

# Reactions of phenols
Phenols react in a wide variety of ways.
- Esterification reactions and ether formation
- Electrophilic aromatic substitutions as the hydroxyl group is activating, for example synthesis of calixarenes 
- Reaction of naphtols and hydrazines and sodium bisulfite in the Bucherer carbazole synthesis
- Oxidative cleavage, for instance cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene to the monomethylester of 2,4 hexadienedioic acid with oxygen, copper chloride in pyridine 
- Oxidative de-aromatization to quinones also known as the Teuber reaction. Oxidizing reagents are Fremy's salt  and oxone . In reaction depicted below 3,4,5-trimethylphenol reacts with singlet oxygen generated from oxone/sodium carbonate in an acetonitrile/water mixture to a para-peroxyquinole. This hydroperoxide is oxidized to the quinole with sodium thiosulphate.
- Phenols are oxidized to benzenediols in the Elbs persulfate oxidation
- Phenolate anions (deriving from phenols by the loss of H+) can act as ligands towards metal cations

# Phenolic compounds

## Medicinals
Dimebon
Dimebon (Dimebolin) is an antihistamine drug which has been used clinically in Russia since 1983.
Recently Dimebolin has attracted renewed interest after being shown to have positive effects on persons suffering from Alzheimers disease. Animal studies showing potential beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease models were shown in Russian research in 2000. Preliminary results from human trials have also been promising. In an initial six-month phase II trial, results have shown that at 12 months there was significant improvement over placebo. 
Dimebolin is an orally active small molecule that has been shown to inhibit brain cell death in preclinical studies of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, making it a potential treatment for these and other neurodegenerative diseases. Research suggests that Dimebon may also have cognition-enhancing effects in healthy individuals, in the absence of neurodegenerative disease pathology.
Dimebon appears to operate through multiple mechanisms of action, both blocking the action of neurotoxic beta-amyloid proteins and inhibiting L-type calcium channels, modulating the action of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors, and may exert a neuroprotective effect by blocking a novel target that involves mitochondrial pores, which are believed to play a role in the cell death that is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process.  Research is continuing in both Russia and western nations into the potential applications of Dimebon as a neuroprotective and potential nootropic.