Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
WHSC1L1
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WHSC1L1 gene.
This gene is related to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. The function of the protein has not been determined. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described.
The WHSC1L1 gene is amplified in several cancers, including lung cancer and head and neck cancer, and may play a role in carcinogenesis.
Wasting

# Overview
In medical circles, wasting refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to stunting, which is regarded as chronic malnutrition.

# Causes
Wasting can be caused by an extremely low energy intake (e.g., caused by famine), nutrient losses due to infection, or a combination of low intake and high loss. Infections associated with wasting include tuberculosis, chronic diarrhea, and AIDS. The mechanism may involve cachectin - also called tumor necrosis factor, a macrophage-secreted cytokine. 
Caretakers and health providers sometimes contribute to wasting by putting the patient on a very restrictive diet. 
Voluntary weight loss and eating disorders are excluded as causes of wasting.

# Classification
- Children: Weight-for-height (WFH). In infants under 24 months, recumbent (supine) length is used. WFH as % of median reference value is calculated this way:
Cutoff points may vary, but <80% (close to -2 Z-score) is often used.
- Adults:
Body Mass Index (BMI) is the quotient between weight and height squared (kg/m2). An individual with a BMI < 18.5 is regarded as a case of wasting.
Percent of body weight lost (At Tufts, an unintentional loss of 6% or more in 6 months is regarded as wasting)
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is the quotient between weight and height squared (kg/m2). An individual with a BMI < 18.5 is regarded as a case of wasting.
- Percent of body weight lost (At Tufts, an unintentional loss of 6% or more in 6 months is regarded as wasting)
Winpepi

# WINPEPI
WinPepi is a freeware package of statistical programs for epidemiologists, comprising seven programs with over 100 modules. WinPepi is not  a complete compendium of statistical routines for epidemiologists. but it provides a very wide range of procedures, including those most commonly used and many that are not easy to find elsewhere. This has repeatedly led reviewers to use a "Swiss army knife" analogy.  Each program has a comprehensive fully-referenced manual.
WinPepi had its origins in 1983 in a book of programs for hand-held calculators, which in 1993 developed into a set of DOS-based computer programs that came to be called Pepi (an acronym for "Programs for EPIdemiologists") and evolved, after its fourth version in 2001, into WinPepi (Pepi-for-Windows). WinPepi is still a work in progress, and new expanded versions are issued at frequent intervals.
The programs are notable for their user-friendliness. A portal provides immediate access to all the programs and manuals, and to an alphabetical index that pinpoints the programs and modules to be used for specific purposes. Menus, buttons, on-screen instructions, help screens, pop-up hints, and built-in error traps make the programs easy to use.
WinPepi does not provide data management facilities. With some exceptions, it requires the entry (at the keyboard or by pasting) of data that have already been counted or summarized.
Wrinkle

# Overview
A wrinkle is a ridge or crease of a surface.  It usually refers to folds on fabric or clothes, or on the skin of an organism; the folds are generally random and do not exhibit any repeating pattern. In skin or other foldable material a wrinkle or fold may be permanent if the material is folded the same way each time.
Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of aging processes such as glycation or, temporarily, as the result of prolonged (more than a few minutes) immersion in water. Wrinkling in skin is caused by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors. 

# Aging wrinkles
Treatments and products (including anti-aging creams) promising to reduce, remove, or prevent age-related wrinkles are big business in many industrialized countries. Despite great demand, most such products and treatments have not been proven to give lasting or major positive effects. Stretching the skin via a face lift will remove some wrinkles.

## Retinoic Acid

## Botox

## Sculptra

## Research into Elastin and Collagen formation and degradation

# Prune fingers
The wrinkles that occur in skin after prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as prune fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. It is caused when the keratin-laden epithelial skin is immersed in water. The skin expands and the resultant larger surface area forces it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum. Wrinkled fingers often occur after taking a shower or bath and last up to fifteen minutes afterwards, until the water has evaporated or is absorbed into the body.
Prune fingers is named for the skins' resemblance to the wrinkled, rough surface of a prune.

# Animals with wrinkles
Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage. Wrinkles are also associated with neoteny (cuteness), as they are a trait associated with juvenile animals.

# Fabric wrinkles
Fabric wrinkles occur as a result of cloth being bunched or folded unevenly. Wrinkled clothing is often undesirable in situations such as job interviews, or formal social events. There are products such as irons and fabric sprays to remove wrinkles from cloth. Some more modern fabrics have been engineered to be wrinkle-free or wrinkle-resistant by incorporating water-resistant polymers.
XPNPEP1
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XPNPEP1 gene.

# Function
X-prolyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.9) is a proline-specific metalloaminopeptidase that specifically catalyzes the removal of any unsubstituted N-terminal amino acid that is adjacent to a penultimate proline residue. Because of its specificity toward proline, it has been suggested that X-prolyl aminopeptidase is important in the maturation and degradation of peptide hormones, neuropeptides, and tachykinins, as well as in the digestion of otherwise resistant dietary protein fragments, thereby complementing the pancreatic peptidases. Deficiency of X-prolyl aminopeptidase results in excretion of large amounts of imino-oligopeptides in urine (Blau et al., 1988).

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of XPNPEP1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Xpnpep1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed:  - In-depth immunological phenotyping - in-depth bone and cartilage phenotyping
Y-23684
Y-23684 is an anxiolytic drug with a novel chemical structure, which is used in scientific research. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic.
Y-23684 is a nonselective partial agonist at GABAA receptors. It has primarily anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, with sedative and muscle relaxant effects only appearing at higher doses. It produces little ataxia or potentiation of other sedatives such as ethanol or barbiturates when compared to the benzodiazepines diazepam and clobazam in animal tests.
Y-23684 has a favourable pharmacological profile, producing strong anxiolytic and moderate anticonvulsant effects at low doses that cause little or no sedative side effects. It has been proposed for development for human medical use, but has not yet gone beyond animal tests.
ZFYVE16
Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFYVE16 gene.
The ZFYVE16 gene encodes endofin, an endosomal protein implicated in regulating membrane trafficking. It is characterized by the presence of a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding FYVE domain positioned in the middle of the molecule (Seet et al., 2004).
In melanocytic cells ZFYVE16 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

# Interactions
ZFYVE16 has been shown to interact with TOM1.
Zantrex
Zantrex-3 is a herbal supplement marketed by "Zoller Laboratories", a subsidiary of Basic Research of Salt Lake City, Utah. It is marketed towards people under 30 in fast paced television advertisements depicting athletic-looking people. A speaker loudly proclaims Zantrex as "America's number 1 selling weight loss pill!".

# Ingredients
Its active ingredients include Yerba Mate, Guarana and regular caffeine. It's estimated that the pill contains as much caffeine as 3-4 cups of coffee .  Additional ingredients include green tea extract, Damiana (a South American aphrodisiac), Schizonepeta, Ginseng, Maca root, Niacin and Kola nut.

# Side effects
The pill may potentially have side effects similar to those associated with excessive caffeine consumption.
Listed side effects include:
- Jitters, anxiety, increased sweating
- Increase in heart rate, increase in blood pressure
- Nausea, stomachache, diarrhea
- Loss or suppressed appetite
- Cold sweats, restlessness, shaking, irritability
- Increase in urination (as caffeine is a mild diuretic)
- Caffeine can be addictive
- One may "crash" when going off of Zantrex-3 
- Niacin is a vasodilator, and in some cases, use of Zantrex-3 causes uncontrollable swelling in all parts of the body. In severe cases, users develop the condition Angioedema

# Criticism
The marketing campaign of the pill has been criticized for its lack of evidence, in the form of scientific studies, listed supporting the claims. One reviewer said, "If you alter your diet accordingly, monitor your caloric intake, and implement a practical exercise program, Zantrex 3 may provide you with an extra edge."

# Pop Culture
Near the end of the fifth season of VH1's Celebrity Fit Club, contestant Dustin Diamond gained a pathetic five pounds. At the next weigh-in, just two weeks later, he had lost five pounds. He revealed to the Fit Club panel that he had been taking Zantrex-3 and was pleased that he had undone the damage from the previous weigh-in. At the final weigh-in, another two weeks later, Diamond had lost an additional thirteen pounds. He was criticized extensively by both the panel as well as his fellow contestants for his use of Zantrex-3 as a dietary supplement.
Zedoary
Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria, known as kacoramu in Telugu) is the name for a perennial herb and member of the genus Curcuma Linn., family Zingiberaceae. The plant is native to India and Indonesia. It was introduced to Europe by Arabs around the sixth century, but its use as a spice in the West today is extremely rare, having been replaced by ginger.
Zedoary is a rhizome that grows in tropical and subtropical wet forest regions. The fragrant plant bears yellow flowers with red and green bracts and the underground stem section is large and tuberous with numerous branches. The leaf shoots of the zedoary are long and can reach 1 metre (3 feet) in height.
The edible root of zedoary has a white interior and a fragrance reminiscent of mango, however its flavour is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste. In Indonesia it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India it tends to be used fresh or pickled.
Zedoary is also used in some traditional eastern medicines where it is reputed to be an aid to digestion, a relief for colic and an agent for purifying the blood.
The essential oil produced from the dried roots of Curcuma zedoaria is used in perfumery and soap fabrication, as well as an ingredient in bitter tonics.
de:Zitwerwurzel
it:Curcuma zedoaria
Zymurgy
Zymurgy or zymology is the study of fermentation.  The word was originally used to describe the science involved in these processes but it has since become more broadly used to describe the brewing of alcoholic beverages. A zymurgist (or zymologist) is one who studies zymurgy.
Zymurgy is the name of a homebrewers magazine. The word also can be found in the names of several organizations involved in brewing alcohol.

# History
Louis Pasteur is considered to have been the first zymologist when, in 1857, he connected yeast to fermentation. Pasteur originally defined fermentation as "respiration without air". The German Eduard Buchner, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry, later determined that fermentation was actually caused by the yeast's secretion of an enzyme that he called zymase.

# Trivia
Zymurgy is the last word in most English-language dictionaries, excluding proper nouns and onomatopoetic words.
1 E7 s
To help compare orders of magnitude of different times this page lists times between 116 days and 1157 days or 3.2 years (107 seconds and 108 seconds).
- Shorter times
- 10 megaseconds = 115.74 days
- 128.6 days  half life of thulium-170
- 138 days  half life of polonium- 210
- 224.701 days  one orbit of Venus
- 271.79 days  half life of cobalt-57
- 280 days  average length of a human pregnancy; ~24 million seconds
- 330 days  half life of vanadium-49
- 333.5 days  half life of californium-248
- 353, 354 or 355 days  the lengths of regular years in some lunisolar calendars
- 354.37 days  12 lunar months; the average length of a year in lunar calendars
- \pi \cdot 10^7 s  The value of pi times 107 seconds is sometimes given as an approximate year value; it works out to 363.61026 days.
- 365 days  a regular year in many solar calendars; ~31.53 million seconds
- 365.24219 days  a mean tropical year near the year 2000
- 365.2424 days  a vernal equinox year.
- 365.2425 days  the average length of a year in the Gregorian calendar
- 365.25 days  the average length of a year in the Julian calendar
- 365.2564 days  a sidereal year
- 366 days  a leap year in many solar calendars; 31.62 million seconds
- 373.59 days  half-life of ruthenium-106
- 383, 384 or 385 days  the lengths of leap years in some lunisolar calendars
- 383.9 days  13 lunar months; leap year in some lunisolar calendars
- 396.1 days  half-life of neptunium-235
- 462.6 days  half-life of cadmium-109
- 1.88 years  one orbit of Mars
- 1.92 years  half life of thulium-171
- 100 megaseconds = 3.2 years
- Longer times
2C-O-4
2C-O-4 (or 4-(i)-propoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a phenethylamine of the 2C family.  It is also a positional isomer of isoproscaline and was probably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin.  It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects.  Because of the low potency of 2C-O-4, and the inactivity of 2C-O, Shulgin felt that the 2C-O series would not be an exciting, and did not pursue any further analogues.

# Chemistry
2C-O-4 is in a class of compounds commonly known as phenethylamines, and the full chemical name is 2-(4-isopropoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine.

# Effects
Little is known about the psychopharmacological effects of 2C-O-4.  Based on the one report available in his book PiHKAL, Shulgin lists the dosage of 2C-O-4 as being >60 mg.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of 2C-O-4 is unknown.

# Dangers
The toxicity of 2C-O is not known.

# Legality
2C-O-4 is unscheduled and unregulated in the United States, however because of its close similarity in structure and effects to mescaline and 2C-T-7, possession and sale of 2C-O-4 may be subject to prosecution under the Federal Analog Act.

# Reference
-  Template:CitePiHKAL
2C-T-8
2C-T-8 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family.  It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen.

# Chemistry
The full name of the chemical is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyclopropylmethylthiophenethylamine.  The compound is reported to have a bad taste and smell.

# Effects
In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 30 to 50 mg. 2C-T-8 is generally taken orally, and effects typically last 10 to 15 hours.  Experiences have varied between insight and creativity at low doses to hypersensitivity and paranoia at higher doses. A "thinking-connection" that is characteristic of the 2C-T group is evident in this chemical in stark contrast to the "pure euphoria" of phenethylamines such as MDMA.

# Legality
2C-T-8 is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States, but possession and sales of 2C-T-8 will probably be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to 2C-T-7. However, 2C-T-8, unlike many other phenethylamines has not been sold by internet retailers. In the wake of Operation Web Tryp in July 2004, the issue of possession and sales of 2C-T-8 and other similar chemicals will probably be resolved in the courtroom as will the fate of this rare but unique psychedelic. There have been no reported deaths from 2C-T-8.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces 2C-T-8s hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects has not been specifically established, however it is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines for which the mechanism of action is known.

# Dangers
The toxicity of 2C-T-8 is not well documented.  2C-T-8 is somewhat less potent than 2C-T-7, but it may be expected that at higher doses it would display similar toxicity to that of other phenethylamines of the 2C-T family. Other phenethylamine derivatives substituted with an alkylthio group at the 4 position such as 2C-T-7 and 4-MTA are known to act as selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitors, a side effect which can lead to lethal serotonin syndrome when they are combined with stimulant drugs.
There have been no confirmed deaths due to 2C-T-8, though this may in part be due to its rarity and limited usage. Of the 2C-T family, there have been a few confirmed deaths due to 2C-T-7, which involved either insufflating large (30mg+) doses and in one case an unknown oral dose was combined with 200mg MDMA.

# Popularity
2C-T-8 is unknown on the black market.  Limited accounts of 2C-T-8 can be found in the book PiHKAL.

# Reference
-  Template:CitePiHKAL
2C-T-9
2C-T-9 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family.  It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen.

# Chemistry
2C-T-9 is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-butylthiophenethylamine.
The IUPAC name of 2C-T-9 is 1-(4-(n-butylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminoethane.

# Dosage
In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 60 - 100 mg.

# Subjective Qualities
It is generally taken orally, and effects typically last 12 to 18 hours.  There have been no reported deaths from 2C-T-9.  The drug is said to taste like motor oil, and experiences have focused primarily on energy as opposed to creativity or insight.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces 2C-T-9s hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects has not been specifically established, however it is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines for which the mechanism of action is known.

# Dangers
The toxicity of 2C-T-9 is not well documented.  2C-T-9 is considerably less potent than 2C-T-7, but it may be expected that at higher doses it would display similar toxicity to that of other phenethylamines of the 2C-T family. Other phenethylamine derivatives substituted with an alkylthio group at the 4 position such as 2C-T-7 and 4-MTA are known to act as selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitors, a side effect which can lead to lethal serotonin syndrome when they are combined with stimulant drugs. Most confirmed fatalities involving 2C-T drugs involve their combination with other hard drugs such as alcohol, ecstasy or cocaine.

# Legality
2C-T-9 is not illegal, but possession and sales of 2C-T-9 could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to 2C-T-7.

# Reference
-  Template:CitePiHKAL
2C-TFM
2C-TFM is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family.  It was first synthesized in the laboratory of David E. Nichols.  It has also been called 2C-CF3, a name derived from the para-trifluoromethyl group it contains.  It is sometimes used as a hallucinogen and entheogen.

# Chemistry
2C-TFM is a code that represents 4-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.  The full name of the chemical is 2-ethanamine.

# Dosage
A psychedelic dosage of 2C-TFM is reported to be 3-5mg.

# Effects
Very little data exists, but some reports suggest 2C-TFM produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects that may last 6-8 hours.

# Legality
2C-TFM is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States, but possession and sales of 2C-TFM will probably be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to 2C-B and 2C-T-7. However, 2C-TFM, unlike many other phenethylamines, has not been widely sold by internet retailers. In the wake of Operation Web Tryp in July 2004, the issue of possession and sales of 2C-TFM and other similar chemicals will probably be resolved in the courtroom as well the fate of this rare but unique psychedelic. There have been no reported deaths or hospitalizations from 2C-TFM.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of 2C-TFM is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines. 2C-TFM displaced radiolabelled ketanserin from 5-HT2A/C receptors with a Ki of 74.5, as compared to a Ki of 80.9 for the more well known 5-HT2A agonist DOI, indicating similar binding affinity at the receptor.

# Dangers
The toxicity of 2C-TFM is not known.

# Popularity
Sale of 2C-TFM is unknown on the black market.  Limited accounts of 2C-TFM can be found on the internet.  Outside of David Nichols' lab, the only widely available black market 2C-TFM is known to have been less than 50% pure, with the majority of the impurity being unreacted 2C-I, as well as some undetermined minor constituents.