Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Epazote
Epazote, Wormseed, Jesuit's Tea, Mexican Tea, or Herba Sancti Mari  (Chenopodium ambrosioides) is a herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico. It is an annual or short-lived perennial plant, growing to 1.2 m tall, irregularly branched, with oblong-lanceolate leaves up to 12 cm long. The flowers are small and green, produced in a branched panicle at the apex of the stem.
As well as in its native areas, it is grown in warm temperate to subtropical areas of Europe and the United States (Missouri, New England, Eastern United States), sometimes becoming an invasive weed.
The name epazote comes from Nahuatl epazotl (IPA: Template:IPA) via Spanish.

# Culinary uses
Epazote is used as a leaf vegetable and herb for its pungent flavor. Raw, it has a resinous, medicinal pungency, similar to the liquorice taste of anise, fennel, or even tarragon, but stronger. Epazote's fragrance is strong, but difficult to describe. It has been compared to citrus, petroleum, savory, mint and putty.
Although it is traditionally used with black beans for flavor and its antiflatulent properties, it is also sometimes used to flavor other traditional Mexican dishes as well: it can be used to season quesadillas and sopes (especially those containing huitlacoche), soups, mole de olla, tamales with cheese and chile, chilaquiles, eggs and potatoes and enchiladas.

# Medicinal uses
Epazote is used as a leaf vegetable and herb for its pungent flavor and its claimed ability to prevent flatulence caused by eating beans but also in the treatment of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, malaria, chorea, hysteria, catarrh, and asthma.
Oil of chenopodium is derived from this plant.  It is anthelmintic, that is, it kills intestinal worms, and was once listed for this use in the US Pharmacopoeia.  It is also cited as an antispasmodic and abortifacient - the first birth control pills were derived from research on epazote.
Epazote essential oil contains ascaridole (up to 70%), limonene, p-cymene, and smaller amounts of numerous other monoterpenes and monoterpene derivatives (-pinene, myrcene, terpinene, thymol, camphor and trans-isocarveol). Ascaridol (1,4-peroxido-p-menth-2-ene) is rather an uncommon constituent of spices; another plant owing much of its character to this monoterpene peroxide is boldo. Ascaridole is toxic and has a pungent, not very pleasant flavor; in pure form, it is an explosive sensitive to shock. Allegedly, ascaridole content is lower in epazote from Mexico than in epazote grown in Europe or Asia.
Epitope
An epitope is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. Although epitopes are usually thought to be derived from nonself proteins, sequences derived from the host that can be recognized are also classified as epitopes.
Most epitopes recognized by antibodies or B cells can be thought of as three-dimensional surface features of an antigen molecule; these features fit precisely and thus bind to antibodies. The part of an antibody that recognizes the epitope is called a paratope. Exceptions are linear epitopes, which are determined by the amino acid sequence (the primary structure) rather than by the 3D shape (tertiary structure) of a protein.
T cell epitopes are presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell, where they are bound to MHC molecules. T cell epitopes presented by MHC class I molecules are typically peptides between 8 and 11 amino acids in lengths, whereas MHC class II molecules present longer peptides, and non-classical MHC molecules also present non-peptidic epitopes such as glycolipids.
Epitopes can be mapped using protein microarrays, and with the ELISPOT or ELISA techniques.
Genetic sequences coding for epitopes that are recognised by common antibodies can be fused to genes, thus aiding further molecular characterization of the gene product.
Common epitopes used for this purpose are c-myc, HA, FLAG, V5.
Epitopes are sometimes cross-reactive.  This property is exploited by the immune system in regulation by anti-idiotypic antibodies (originally proposed by Nobel laureate Niels Kaj Jerne).  If an antibody binds to an antigen's epitope, the paratope could become the epitope for another antibody that will then bind to it. If this second antibody is of IgM class, its binding can upregulate the immune response; if the second antibody is of IgG class, its binding can downregulate the immune response.
Intensive research is currently taking place to design reliable tools that will predict epitopes on proteins.
Eposino
Eposino is a recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) injection intended for intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration. It is produced by Shandong Kexing Bioproducts Co., Ltd., a biotechnology joint venture between Peking University Weiming Group and Sinogen (China) Ltd.

# Product Info
Erythropoietin is available as a therapeutic agent produced by recombinant DNA technology in mammalian cell cultures. It is used clinically in treating anemia resulting from chronic renal failure or from cancer chemotherapy. EPO is also one of the most widely used performance enhancing drugs in endurance sport.
Eposino is presented in vials or pre-filled single-use syringes. Unlike a traditional syringe, the Eposino rediject avoids the loss of almost 10% of the total dosage by eliminating any dead space in the chamber. Furthermore, a double-beveled thin needle reduces pain at the injection site and prevents iatrogenic infection.

# Distribution
Eposino.com, the exclusive web-based distributor of Eposino, made history when it became the first online vendor to offer rhEPO for sale globally through the internet in the mid-2000's. Eposino.com claims to offer its clients "a safe, secure, private and reliable means by which they can remotely purchase recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) for quick delivery via express courier to their destination of choice."
Eposino is a registered, licensed pharmaceutical product in dozens of countries, including India - where it is distributed to pharmacies and institutions through Hindustan Bio Sciences , a limited company with a share capital of U.S $2.5 million based in Hyderabad, India.

# Controversy
The Eposino brand is not without controversy, however, as it was reported that infamous Spanish "doping" doctor Eufemiano Fuentes (Rodriguez) favored the Chinese product for the preparation of his clients, who included such stars of cycling as Ivan Basso, Jan Ullrich and Jorg Jaschke . Furthermore, Eposino.com published an unauthorized English language translation of the book L. A. Confidential : Lance Armstrong's Secrets (L. A. Confidentiel : Les secrets de Lance Armstrong) , available for download as a four-part Adobe PDF file .
Epoxide
An epoxide is a cyclic ether with only three ring atoms.  This ring approximately is an equilateral triangle, i.e. its bond angles are about 60, which makes it highly strained.  The strained ring makes epoxides more reactive than other ethers, especially towards nucleophiles. Simple epoxides are named from the parent compound ethylene oxide or oxirane, such as in chloromethyloxirane. As a functional group epoxides obtain the epoxy prefix such as in the compound 1,2-epoxycycloheptane which can also be called cycloheptene epoxide.
A polymer containing unreacted epoxide units is called a polyepoxide or an epoxy. Epoxy resins are used as adhesives and structural materials. Polymerization of an epoxide gives a polyether, for example ethylene oxide polymerizes to give polyethylene glycol, also known as polyethylene oxide.

# Synthesis
Epoxides are usually created by one of the following reactions:
- Olefin Peroxidation involves the oxidation of an olefin with a peroxide, usually a peroxyacid like m-CPBA, and proceeds via what is commonly known as the Butterfly Mechanism.  It is easiest to consider the oxygen to be an electrophile, and the alkene a nucleophile, although they both operate in that capacity, and the reaction is considered to be concerted (the numbers in the mechanism below are for simplification).
- Enantioselective alkene epoxidations can be found in the Sharpless epoxidation,  the Jacobsen epoxidation and the Shi epoxidation.
- Intramolecular SN2 substitution. This method is a variant of the Williamson ether synthesis.  In this case, the alkoxide ion and the halide are right next to each other in the same molecule (such compounds are generically called halohydrins), which makes this a simple ring closure reaction.
- In the Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction epoxides are generated from carbonyl groups and sulfonium ylides.

# Reactions
Typical epoxide reactions are listed below.
- Nucleophilic addition to an epoxide can be base or acid catalyzed.
- Under acidic conditions, the nucleophile attacks the carbon that will form the most stable carbocation, i.e. the most substituted carbon (similar to a halonium ion).  Under basic conditions, the nucleophile attacks the least substituted carbon, in accordance with standard SN2 nuclephilic addition reaction process.
- Hydrolysis of an epoxide in presence of an  acid catalyst generates a glycol. The hydrolysis process of epoxides can be considered to be the nucleophilic addition of water to the epoxide under acidic conditions.
- Reduction of an epoxide  with lithium aluminium hydride and water generates an alcohol. This reduction process can be considered to be the nucleophilic addition of hydride (H-) to the epoxide under basic conditions.
- Reduction with tungsten hexachloride and n-butyllithium generates the alkene. This reaction in effect is a de-epoxidation :
Eugenol
Eugenol (C10H12O2), is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. Eugenol is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma.

# Modern uses
Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. It is a key ingredient in Indonesian kretek (clove) cigarettes. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from phenol or from lignin.
When mixed with zinc oxide, zinc oxide eugenol forms which has restorative and prosthodontic applications in dentistry.
Eugenol derivatives or methoxyphenol derivatives in wider classification are used in perfumery and flavoring. They are used in formulating insect attractants and UV absorbers, analgesics, biocides and antiseptics. They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers and antioxidants for plastics and rubbers. Although attempts have been made to develop eugenol derivatives for intravenous injection, the toxicity of propanidid and G.29.505 in human patients was not acceptable. Clove oil is growing in popularity as an anaesthetic for use on aquarium fish.
Eugenol is also used clandestinely for the synthesis of phenethylamines (like MDMA).
It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.

# Toxicity
Overdose is possible, causing a wide range of symptoms from blood in the patient's urine, to convulsions, diarrhea, nausea, unconsciousness, dizziness, or rapid heartbeat.
Eugenol may cause allergic contact dermatitis with the skin.

# Health & Safety information
Eugenol should be avoided by people with perfume allergy.
Exudate

# Overview
An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. Its composition varies but generally includes water and the dissolved solutes of the blood, some or all plasma proteins, white blood cells, platelets and (in the case of local vascular damage) red blood cells.
Pus is an example of exudate found in infected wounds that also includes bacteria and high concentrations of white blood cells. Clear blister fluid is an example of an exudate that contains water (and solutes) together with some plasma proteins, but not many blood cells.
Serous exudate is usually seen in mild inflammation, with little protein content. Its consistency resembles that of serum, and can usually be seen in certain disease states like tuberculosis.
Purulent or suppurative exudate consists of plasma with both active and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells. This kind of exudate is consistent with more severe infections, and is commonly referred to as pus.
Fibrinous exudate is composed mainly of fibrinogen and fibrin. It is characteristic of rheumatic carditis, but is seen in all severe injuries such as strep throat and bacterial pneumonia.  Fibrinous inflammation is often difficult to resolve due to the fact that blood vessels grow into the exudate and fill the space that was occupied by fibrin.  Often, large amounts of antiboiotics are necessary for resolution.
Hemorrhagic exudate is seen in injury that causes rupture of blood vessels.
Pleural exudate has a specific gravity greater than 1.020. Certain conditions produce exudative pleural effusions such as infections, pulmonary infarctions, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and certain malignancies.
Catarrhal exudate is seen in the nose and throat and is characterized by a high content of mucus.
There is an important distinction between transudates and exudates.  Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation.  Medical distinction between transudates and exudates is through the measurement of the specific gravity of extracted fluid.  Specific gravity is used to measure the protein content of the fluid.  The higher the specific gravity, the greater the likelihood of capillary permeability changes in relation to body cavities. For example, the specific gravity of the transudate is usually less than 1.012.
f-block
The f-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those elements (sometimes referred to as the inner transition elements) for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals.
Unlike the other blocks, the conventional divisions of the f-block follow periods of similar atomic number rather than groups of similar electron configuration.  Thus, the f-block is divided into the lanthanoid series and the actinoid series.  
The name 'inner transition' is derived by analogy with the transition metals.
Like the s-block, the elements of the f-block are highly reactive metals. They catch fire in air very easily, and react with water to liberate hydrogen. Physically they are denser and have higher melting and boiling points than the alkaline earth metals, but their reactivity makes them of very limited use structurally. They are used together to make cigarette lighter flints because they catch fire in air so easily. Most of them are extracted by electrolysis of molten chlorides: the metals are much too reactive to be extractable from aqueous solutions.
The compounds of most f-block elements are ionic salts with M3+ ions, often hydrated in aqueous solutions. Cerium also forms a small series of strongly oxidising compounds with the +4 oxidation state, including ceric oxide (CeO2). The lighter actinides (protactinium to americium) have f-electrons that can participate in bonding and form compounds in a variety of oxidation states from +2 to +6. Owing to the pulling of the inner f-electrons towards the nucleus, the heavier actinides (curium to lawrencium) tend not to use their inner f-electrons and resemble the lanthanides in forming salts with M3+ ions.
Interactive f-orbital models can be found at this site:
FAM134C
Protein FAM134C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM134C (family with sequence similarity 134, member C) gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of FAM134C function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Fam134ctm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program  a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and four significant abnormalities were observed. Homozygous animals had an abnormal xyphoid process and eye morphology. Females had increased indirect calorimetry parameters while males had an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
FAM135B
FAM135B is a human gene coding for a protein of unknown function. It is well conserved in primates, rodents, zebra fish. It has one paralog, FAM135A.

# Gene
FAM135B is located on the long arm of Chromosome 8 in humans on the anti-sense located at 24.23. The following genes are near FAM135B on the chromosome:
- COL22A1: Collagen producing gene that is a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblast
- FLJ45972: Gene function is unknown
- KCNK9: Gene that encodes for a two pore potassium channel

# Expression
FAM135B is expressed in the brain, ear, eye, pancreas and testis. Within the brain, expression is apparent within the motor nucleus of trigeminal  In addition, it is mainly expressed in normal health states, although it has shown moderate expression in glioma, non-neoplasima as well as expression in germ cell tumors.
File:Visual Representation of expression in mouse brain.png

# Interactions
FAM135B has shown to interact with KAT5, a gene that encodes for a histone acetyltransferase through yeast two-hybrid experimentation.

# Protein
The protein encoded on FAM135 is 1406 amino acids long.  The protein contains a region called DUF676, believed to be a putative serine esterase  as well as two protein regions called DUF3657.

# Clinical significance
FAM135B has shown to be expressed in individuals with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
FAM18B1
Family with sequence similarity 18 member B1 (FAM18B1) is the hypothetical protein encoded by the gene LOC51030. Evidence for this protein only exists at the transcript level. The gene is found on  chromosome 17 on the cytogenetic band 17p11.2.
This gene has two paralog in the human genome, LOC201158, which is located on chromosome 17 at 17p12, and TVP23A, which is located on chromosome 16. The duplication appears to have appeared after the MRCA of humans and apes. This gene has homologs in eukaryotes as far back as Trichoplax.

# Gene
LOC51030 is highly conserved in chordates and also shows conservation in eukaryotes, including fungi and plants. It is located on Chromosome 17 at 18,684,582-18,710,026, and the most common mRNA has 7 exons.

# Protein
This gene encode a protein of 205 amino acids in length and a predicted molecular weight of 23.57 kDa. This protein is predicted to have an isoelectric point of 8.62. It contains a domain of unknown function, DUF846, and a predicted phosphoserine site. It is a multipass transmembrane protein and a member of the FAM18/TVP23 superfamily.
FAM18B1 appears to be ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, health states, and developmental stages to some level. There is also notable expression in bladder tissue.
FAM200A
C7orf38 is a gene located on chromosome 7 in the human genome.  The gene is expressed in nearly all tissue types at very low levels.  Evolutionarily, it can be found throughout the kingdom animalia.  While the function of the protein is not fully understood by the scientific community, bioinformatic tools have shown that the protein bares much similarity to zinc finger or transposase proteins.  Many of its orthologs, paralogs, and neighboring genes have been shown to possess zinc finger domains.  The protein contains a hAT dimerization domain nears its C-terminus.  This domain is highly conserved in transposase enzymes.

# Gene
C7orf38 is located on chromosome 7 at q22.1.  Its genomic sequence contains 5,612 bp.  The predominant transcript contains two exons and is 2,507 bp in length.  The translated protein contains 573 amino acids.

# Protein composition
The 573 amino acid protein has a molecular weight of 66,280.05. The isoelectric point was found to occur at a pH of 5.775, about 1.6 pH lower than that of the average human pH. Two deviations from prototypical human proteins are evident.  The protein contains a less than expected number of glycine residues, and is rich in leucine residues. There are not sections of strong hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity.  Thus, it is not predicted to be a transmembrane protein.

# Gene neighborhood
The four genes in closest proximity to C7orf38 on chromosome 7 exhibit similar function, many of which are transcription factors.

# Paralogs
Eight paralogs are found in the human proteome.  Similar to the neighboring genes, many of the paralogs function as zinc fingers, or transcription factors.

# Orthologs
Orthologs to C7orf38 can be traced back evolutionarily through plants.  The following is not an extensive list of orthologs.  It is intended to provide an evolutionary overview of the conservation of C7orf38.

# Structure

## Protein
CBLast was used to determine a structurally related protein with experimentally determined structure.  The protein Hermes DNA transposase, of the Hermes DBD superfamily, was shown to be structurally similar (Evalue: 1E-6).
The hAT dimerization domain is found at the C-terminus of transposase elements belonging to the Activator superfamily (hAT element superfamily). The isolated dimerization domain forms extremely stable dimers in vitro.

## mRNA
The MFOLD program available at Rensselaer BioInformatics Server was used to predict secondary structure of the mature mRNA sequence.
The primary sequence of the mRNA secondary structures displayed high levels of conservation in orthologs, suggesting structural importance.

# Tissue distribution
The gene appears to be expressed in most tissue types. Very low levels of expression were observed through est profiles, and no deviation was observed between health or developmental states.