Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
IRF8
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF8 gene. IRF8 is a transcription factor that plays critical roles in the regulation of lineage commitment and in myeloid cell maturation including the decision for a common myeloid progenitor (CMP) to differentiate into a monocyte precursor cell.

# Function
Interferon Consensus Sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family. Proteins of this family are composed of a conserved DNA-binding domain in the N-terminal region and a divergent C-terminal region that serves as the regulatory domain. The IRF family proteins bind to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and regulate expression of genes stimulated by type I IFNs, namely IFN- and IFN-. IRF family proteins also control expression of IFN- and IFN--regulated genes that are induced by viral infection.

# Knockout studies
IFN-producing cells (mIPCs) were absent in all lymphoid organs from ICSBP knockout (KO) mice, as revealed by lack of CD11clowB220+Ly6C+CD11b cells. In parallel, CD11c+ cells isolated from ICSBP KO spleens were unable to produce type I IFNs in response to viral stimulation. ICSBP KO mice also displayed a marked reduction of the DC subset expressing the CD8alpha marker (CD8alpha+ DCs) in spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus. Moreover, ICSBP-deficient CD8alpha+ DCs exhibited a markedly impaired phenotype when compared with WT DCs. They expressed very low levels of costimulatory molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, CD40, CD80, CD86) and of the T cell area-homing chemokine receptor CCR7.

# Clinical significance
In myeloid cells, IRF8 regulates the expression of Bax and Fas to regulate apoptosis. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), IRF8 regulates acid ceramidase to mediate CML apoptosis.
IRF8 is highly expressed in myeloid cells and was originally identified in as a critical lineage-specific transcription factor for myeloid cell differentiation, recent studies, however, have shown that IRF8 is also constitutively expressed in non-hematopoietic cancer cells, albeit at a lower level. Furthermore, IRF8 can also be up-regulated by IFN- in non-hemotopoietic cells. IRF8 mediates the expression of Fas, Bax, FLIP, Jak1 and STAT1 to mediate apoptosis in non-hemotopoietic cancer cells.
Analysis of human cancer genomics database revealed that IRF8 is not significantly focally amplified across the entire dataset of 3131 tumors, but is significantly focally deleted across the entire dataset of 3131 tumors, suggesting that IRF8 is potentially a tumor suppressor in humans. Molecular analysis indicated that the IRF8 gene promoter is hypermethylated in human colon carcinoma cells, suggesting that these cells might use DNA methylation to silence IRF8 expression to advance the disease.

# Interactions
IRF8 has been shown to interact with IRF1 and COPS2.
IRGM
Immunity-related GTPase family M protein (IRGM), also known as interferon-inducible protein 1 (IFI1), is an enzyme that in humans is IRGM gene.
IRGM is a member of the interferon-inducible GTPase family. The encoded protein may play a role in the innate immune response by regulating autophagy formation in response to intracellular pathogens.

# Clinical relevance
Polymorphisms that affect the normal expression of this gene are associated with a susceptibility to Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.
IRS2
Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS2 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes the insulin receptor substrate 2, a cytoplasmic signaling molecule that mediates effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and other cytokines by acting as a molecular adaptor between diverse receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors. The product of this gene is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase upon receptor stimulation, as well as by an interleukin 4 receptor-associated kinase in response to IL4 treatment.
Mice lacking IRS2 have a diabetic phenotype as well as a 40% reduction in brain mass.

# Interactions
IRS2 has been shown to interact with:
- PLCG1,
- SOCS1, and
- PIK3R1,
IRX3
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene.

# Function
IRX3 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family and plays a role in an early step of neural development. Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos.
Specifically, IRX3 contributes to pattern formation in the spinal cord where it translates a morphogen gradient into transcriptional events, and is directly regulated by NKX2-2.

# Clinical significance

## Association with obesity
Obesity-associated noncoding sequences within FTO interact with the promoter of IRX3 and FTO in human, mouse, and zebrafish. Obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms are related to the expression of IRX3 (not FTO) in the human brain. A direct connection between the expression of IRX3 and body mass and composition was shown through the decrease in body weight of 25-30% in IRX3-deficient mice. This suggests that IRX3 influences obesity. Manipulation of IRX3 and IRX5 pathways has also been shown to decrease obesity markers in human cell cultures.
Genetic variants of FTO and IRX3 genes are in high linkage disequilibrium and are associated with obesity risk.
ISFJ
ISFJ (Introverted Sensing Feeling Judging) is one of the sixteen personality types from  the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.
Referring to Keirsey, ISFJs belong to the Guardian temperament and are called  Protectors.

# Myers-Briggs Characteristics
According to Myers-Briggs, ISFJs are interested in maintaining order and harmony in every aspect of their lives.  They are steadfast and meticulous in handling their responsibilities.  Although quiet, they are people-oriented and very observant.  Not only do they remember details about others, but they observe and respect others feelings.  Friends and family are likely to describe them as thoughtful and trustworthy.

# Keirsey Characteristics
According to Keirsey, ISFJs, or "Protector Guardians", are most concerned with taking care of people by keeping them safe and secure.  They are modest caretakers who do not demand credit or thanks for their efforts.  But while they are essentially very compassionateand in fact exercise more patience in dealing with the disabled than perhaps any other typetheir shyness with strangers can lead others to misread them as standoffish.  Only among friends and family may this quiet type feel comfortable speaking freely.  ISFJs are serious people with a strong work ethic, not inclined to self-indulgence.  They believe in being meticulous and thrifty.  They work well alone.  While they may enjoy taking care of others, they do not enjoy giving orders.

# MBTI cognitive functions
The attributes of each personality form a hierarchy.  This represents the person's "default" pattern of behavior in their day to day life. The Dominant is the personality type's preferred role, the task they feel most comfortable with.  The auxiliary function is the role they feel the next most comfortable with.  It serves to support and expand on the dominant function.  One of these first two will always be an information gathering function (sensing or intuition) and the other will be a decision making function(thinking or feeling) in some order. The tertiary function is less developed than the Dominant and Auxiliary functions, but develops as the person matures and provides roundness of ability.  The inferior function is the personality types Achille's heel. This is the function they are least comfortable with. Like the tertiary function, this function strengthens with maturity.
- Dominant Introverted Sensing
- Auxiliary Extroverted Feeling
- Tertiary Introverted Thinking
- inferior Extroverted iNtuition
ISFP
ISFP (Introverted Sensing Feeling Perceiving) is one of the sixteen personality types from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.
Referring to Keirsey, ISFPs belong to the Artisan temperament and are called "Composers".

# Myers-Briggs Characteristics
According to Myers-Briggs, ISFPs are peaceful, easygoing people who adopt a "live and let live" approach to life.  They enjoy taking things at their own pace and tend to live in the moment.  Although quiet, they are pleasant, considerate and caring, devoted to the people in their lives. Though not inclined to debate or necessarily even air their views, their values are important to them.

# Keirsey Characteristics
According to Keirsey, ISFPs, or "Composer Artisans", are grounded in the here and now and are extremely sensitive to their environments.  Like other "S" types, they are primarily concerned with what their five senses can tell them about their world, but they are extra attentive to those senses.  They notice little variations in their environment or in the people around them.  They are very sensitive to balance and understand well what does or does not fit, whether in a work of art or any other aspect of their lives.  ISFPs are highly conscious of their companions, but they prefer to allow others to direct their own lives.

# MBTI cognitive functions
The attributes of each personality form a hierarchy.  This represents the person's "default" pattern of behavior in their day to day life. The Dominant is the personality type's preferred role, the task they feel most comfortable with.  The auxiliary function is the role they feel the next most comfortable with.  It serves to support and expand on the dominant function.  One of these first two will always be an information gathering function (sensing or intuition) and the other will be a decision making function(thinking or feeling) in some order. The tertiary function is less developed than the Dominant and Auxiliary functions, but develops as the person matures and provides roundness of ability.  The inferior function is the personality types Achille's heel. This is the function they are least comfortable with. Like the tertiary function, this function strengthens with maturity.
- Dominant Introverted Feeling
- Auxiliary Extroverted Sensing
- Tertiary Introverted iNtuition
- inferior Extroverted Thinking
ISL1
Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the isl1 gene.

# Function
This gene encodes a transcription factor containing two N-terminal LIM domains and one C-terminal homeodomain. The encoded protein plays an important role in the embryogenesis of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In mouse embryos, a deficiency of this gene fail to undergo neural tube motor neuron differentiation.

# Interactions
ISL1 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha.

# Role in cardiac development
ISL1 is a marker for cardiac progenitors of the secondary heart field (SHF) which includes the right ventricle and the outflow tract. It also has a biological function as shown in Isl1 knockout mice which have a severely deformed heart. More recently it has been defined as a marker for a cardiac progenitor cell lineage that is capable of differentiating into all 3 major cell types of the heart: cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineages.
The validity of ISL1 as a marker for cardiac progenitor cells has been questioned since some groups have found no evidence that ISL1 cells serve as cardiac progenitors. Furthermore, ISL1 is not restricted to second heart field progenitors in the developing heart, but also labels cardiac neural crest. This paper supports work from the Vilquin group in 2011, which concluded that ISL1 can represent cells from both neural crest and cardiomyocyte lineages. While it has been demonstrated by multiple groups that ISL1-positive cells can indeed differentiate into all 3 major cell types of the heart, their significance in cardiovascular development is still unclear and their clinical relevance has been seriously questioned.
ITPA
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ITPA gene, by the rdgB gene in bacteria E.coli and the HAM1 gene in yeast S. cerevisiae.  Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. Also, at least two other transcript variants have been identified which are probably regulatory rather than protein-coding.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate and deoxyinosine triphosphate to the monophosphate nucleotide and diphosphate. The enzyme possesses a multiple substrate-specificity and acts on other nucleotides including xanthosine triphosphate and deoxyxanthosine triphosphate. The encoded protein, which is a member of the HAM1 NTPase protein family, is found in the cytoplasm and acts as a homodimer.

# Clinical significance
Defects in the encoded protein can result in inosine triphosphate pyrophosphorylase deficiency.
Inch
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes,    U+2033 - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. Its size can vary from system to system. There are 36 inches in a yard and 12 inches in a foot.  A corresponding unit of area is the square inch and a corresponding unit of volume is the cubic inch.
The inch is one of the dominant units of measurement in the United States, and is commonly used in Canada. In the US and commonly in the UK and Canada, personal heights are expressed in feet and inches by people of all ages, and by people over the age of about 40 in Australia. In Australia, Canada and New Zealand, personal heights are shown in metric units on official documents.

# International inch
In 1959 the United States and countries of the Commonwealth of Nations defined the length of the international yard to be exactly 0.9144 meters.  Consequently, the international inch is defined to be exactly 25.4 millimeters.
The international standard symbol for inch is in (see ISO 31-1, Annex A). In some cases, the inch is denoted by a double prime, which is often approximated by double quotes, and the foot by a prime, which is often approximated by an apostrophe.  For example, 6 feet 4 inches is denoted as 64 (or approximated as 6'4").
JAM2
Junctional adhesion molecule B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JAM2 gene. JAM2 has also been designated as CD322 (cluster of differentiation 322).

# Function
Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is localized in the tight junctions between high endothelial cells. It acts as an adhesive ligand for interacting with a variety of immune cell types and may play a role in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs.
It is purported to promote lymphocyte transendothelial migration. It might also be involved with endothelial cell polarity, by associating to cell polarity protein PAR-3, together with JAM3.

# Interactions
JAM2 has been shown to interact with PARD3.
It also interacts with the integrin dimer VLA-4 (also called 41).
JAM3
Junctional adhesion molecule C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JAM3 gene.

# Gene
This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q25) on the Watson strand. It is 83,077 bases in length. The encoded protein is 310 amino acids long with a predicted molecular weight of 35.02 kiloDaltons.

# Function
Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is localized in the tight junctions between high endothelial cells. Unlike other proteins in this family, this protein is unable to adhere to leukocyte cell lines and only forms weak homotypic interactions. The encoded protein is a member of the junctional adhesion molecule protein family and acts as a receptor for another member of this family.

# Interactions
JAM3 has been shown to interact with PARD3.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been associated with a rare syndrome - autosomal recessive hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification and congenital cataracts.
JP-8

# Overview
JP-8, or JP8 (for "Jet Propellant 8") is a jet fuel, specified and used widely by the US military. It is specified by MIL-DTL-83133 and British Defence Standard 91-87, and similar to commercial aviation's Jet-A.
A kerosene-based fuel, JP-8 is projected to remain in use at least until 2025. It was first introduced at NATO bases in 1978. Its NATO code is F-34.

# Usage
It was specified in 1990 by the U.S. government as a replacement for government diesel fueled vehicles.
The U.S. Air Force replaced JP-4 with JP-8 completely by the fall of 1996, to use a less flammable, less hazardous fuel for better safety and combat survivability.
The U.S. Navy uses a similar formula, JP-5. JP-5 has an even higher flash point of > 60 C (140 F), but also a higher cost, limiting its use to aircraft carriers and other situations where the danger of fire is greatest.
Outside of powering aircraft, JP-8 is used as a fuel for heaters, stoves, tanks, by the U.S. military as a replacement for diesel fuel in the engines of nearly all tactical ground vehicles and electrical generators,
and as a coolant in engines and some other aircraft components.  The use of a single fuel  greatly simplifies logistics.
JP-8 is formulated with icing inhibitor, corrosion inhibitors, lubricants, and antistatic agents, and less benzene (a carcinogen) and less n-hexane (a neurotoxin) than JP-4. However, it also smells stronger than JP-4. JP-8 has an oily feel to the touch, while JP-4 feels more like a solvent.

# Problems
When used in highly supercharged diesel engines with the corresponding low compression ratio of about only 14:1 or below, JP-8 causes troubles during cold start and idling due to low compression temperatures and following ignition delay because cetane index is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G to 40 or higher. Because lubricity to the BOCLE method is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G, modern common rail diesel engines can experience wear problems in high pressure fuel pumps and injectors. Another problem in diesel engines can be the increased wear in outlet valve seats in the cylinder heads, because a minimum content of sulfur is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G. Sulfur in fuels contributes normally to build up damping soot layers in these valve seats. According to the notes in this standard it is intended to install a value for the cetane index in one of the next releases.
Workers have complained of smelling and tasting JP-8 for hours after exposure. As JP-8 is less volatile, it remains on the contaminated surfaces for longer time, increasing the risk of exposure.

# Variants
JP-8+100 (F-37) is a version of JP-8 with an additive that increases its thermal stability by 56C (a difference of 100F). The additive is a combination of a surfactant, metal deactivator, and an antioxidant, and was introduced in 1994 to reduce choking and fouling in engine fuel systems. Commercially, this additive is used in Boeing aircraft operated by KLM, and in police helicopters in Tampa, Florida. JP-8+100 is also used for Canadian Forces CP-140 Aurora & CC-130 Hercules aircraft.
JPH2
Junctophilin 2, also known as JPH2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the JPH2 gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants encoding distinct isoforms are described.

# Function
Junctional complexes between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are a common feature of all excitable cell types and mediate cross talk between cell surface and intracellular ion channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of junctional complexes and is composed of a C-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) domain that shows specific affinity for the plasma membrane. JPH2 is a member of the junctophilin gene family (the other members of the family are JPH1, JPH3, and JPH4) and is the predominant isoform in cardiac tissue, but is also expressed with JPH1 in skeletal muscle. The JPH2 protein product plays a critical role in maintaining the spacing a geometry of the cardiac dyad - the space between the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum.  These cardiac dyads also known as junctional membrane complexes or calcium release units are thought to play a key role in calcium induced calcium release by approximating L-type calcium channels on the plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor type 2 on the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

# Role in Disease
Mutations in JPH2 were identified in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who lacked the traditional mutations in sarcomere proteins. JPH2 has been shown to be downregulated in several animal models of heart failure. A JPH2 knock-out mouse model is lethal at embryonic day 10.5, which is around the time when cardiac contractility should initiate.  These mice showed abnormal cardiac calcium handling, cardiomyopathy, and altered junctional membrane complex formation.
JunD
Transcription factor JunD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUND gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a member of the JUN family, and a functional component of the AP1 transcription factor complex. It has been proposed to protect cells from p53-dependent senescence and apoptosis. Alternate translation initiation site usage results in the production of different isoforms.

# JunD
The dominant negative mutant variant of JunD, known as JunD or Delta JunD, is a potent antagonist of the FosB transcript, as well as other forms of AP-1-mediated transcriptional activity.  In the nucleus accumbens, JunD directly opposes many of the neurological changes that occur in addiction (i.e., those induced by FosB). FosB inhibitors (drugs that oppose its action) may be an effective treatment for addiction and addictive disorders.

# Interactions
JunD has been shown to interact with ATF3, MEN1, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and BRCA1.
KLC1
Kinesin light chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLC1 gene.
Conventional kinesin is a tetrameric molecule composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, and transports various cargos along microtubules toward their plus ends. The heavy chains provide the motor activity, while the light chains bind to various cargos. This gene encodes a member of the kinesin light chain family. It associates with kinesin heavy chain through an N-terminal domain, and six tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs are thought to be involved in binding of cargos such as vesicles, mitochondria, and the Golgi complex. Thus, kinesin light chains function as adapter molecules and not motors per se. Although previously named "kinesin 2", this gene is not a member of the kinesin-2 / kinesin heavy chain subfamily of kinesin motor proteins. Extensive alternative splicing produces isoforms with different C-termini that are proposed to bind to different cargos; however, the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.

# Interactions
KLC1 has been shown to interact with MAPK8IP3, KIF5B and KIF5A.