mir-143
In molecular biology mir-143 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by a several mechanisms. mir143 is highly conserved in vertebrates. mir-143 is thought be involved in cardiac morphogenesis but has also been implicated in cancer.

# Genomic location
mir 143 is located on chromosome 5 position 33 in the human genome.  mir-143  is located very close to mir-145 in the genome and it is speculated that they are transcribed as a bicistronic unit. Their co-transcription means they are frequently studied together in the same cellular pathways and diseases.

# Expression
mir143 is a direct transcriptional target of the serum response factor, myocardin and nkx2-5. mir-143 expression is also thought to be controlled epigenetically through heart beat.
"Both miR-143 and miR-145 were transcribed bicistronically and both are expressed in the cardiomyocytes during cardiac development. They are also expressed in the smooth muscle cells of the adults . The biogenesis of miR-143/145 was transcribed by the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF), which binds to the CArG box of DNA with two cofactors, myocardin and myocardin-related transcription factors."

# Targets
These are known genetic targets for mir143 and its effect on them:
- Klf4   Promotes transcription.
- ELK1  Promotes transcription.
- ADD3  Represses transcription. F-actin capping protein.
- FNDC38  Represses transcription. Tumour metastasis.
- Raldh2/aldh1a2   Represses transcription. Involved in heart tube organization.
- rxrab  Represses transcription. Involved in heart tube organization.
- KLF5  Unknown has conserved miR  143 binding site.
- MAP3K7 Unknown has conserved miR  143 binding site.
- TARDBP  Unknown has conserved miR  143 binding site.
- UBE2E3 Unknown has conserved miR  143 binding site.

# Cardiogenesis
mir-143 is thought to play an important role in cardiac morphogenesis. mir143 was found to be  the most enriched miRNA in  mouse embryonic stem cells  that were differentiating into cardiac progenitor cells. It is a direct transcriptional target of serum response factor, myocardin and nkx2-5. Research has shown that mir-143 plays an important role in smooth muscle cell fate. It is co-transcribed with miR-145 in cardiac progenitors before becoming vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).  VSMCs are unusual in the fact that they can switch between a proliferative or a quiescent more differentiated state. Along with mir145, mir- 143 has been shown to target a network of transcription factors (including klf4 and elk-1) that promote differentiation and repress the proliferation of VSMCs.
MiR-143 has also been implicated in the more general morphogenesis of the heart. In zebrafish it was shown that mir-143 is required for chamber morphogenesis through repression of add3. A knockout resulted in ventricular collapse. It has also been suggested that mir-143 expression may be controlled by heart beat. In zebrafish mir-143 expression was absent when heartbeat was arrested and restored when heartbeat was reinitiated.
Understanding mir 143 may be important for understanding vascular disease. The plasticity of VSMCs is thought to be the basis of many human vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. It has also been shown that in human aortic aneurysms the expression of mir-143 and mir-145 were found to be significantly decreased when compared to controls.

# Cancer
Changes in mir-143 expression have frequently been implicated in cancer. However the exact nature of this relationship is not fully understood. The up-regulation of mir-143 was observed in a hepatocellular carcinoma model during tumor metastasis through repression of FNDC38. However decreased expression of mir-143 and 145 have been observed in cancer samples.  Expression was shown to be decreased in a range of cancer stages, including in very early samples. This suggests that they are involved in tumorgenesis. A modified version of mir-143 (mir-143BP) with greater activity and resistance to nuclease was shown to have a tumor-suppressive effect on colorectal cancer cells. This makes miR-143 a candidate for RNA medicine for treatment of tumors.

# Acknowledgements
Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikipedia.