Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Manganese(II) sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4.  This colourless deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt. Approximately 260M kg/y were produced worldwide in 2005.  It is the precursor to manganese metal and many chemical compounds.  Mn-deficient soil is remediated with this salt.
Like many metal sulfates, manganese sulfate forms a variety of hydrates: monohydrate, tetrahydrate, pentahydrate, heptahydrate.  The monohydrate is most common.  All of these salts are faintly pink.  The pale color of Mn(II) salts is characteristic of high-spin complexes with the d5 configuration.

# Applications and production
Typically manganese ores are purified by their conversion to manganese sulfate.  Treatment of aqueous solutions of the sulfate with sodium carbonate leads to precipitation of manganese carbonate, which can be calcined to give the oxides MnOx.  Manganese dioxide reacts with sulfur dioxide also affords manganese sulfate:
Manganese sulfate is a by-product of various industrially significant oxidations that use manganese dioxide, including the manufacture of hydroquinone and anisaldehyde.
Treatment of manganese sulfate with potassium permanganate affords manganese dioxide, a component of dry-cell batteries.
Marantic endocarditis
Marantic endocarditis, also known as non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), is the deposition of small sterile vegetations on valve leaflets. Marantic vegetations are often associated with previous rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include:
- hypercoagulable states,
- mucin-producing adenocarcinomas,
- lupus and
- trauma (e.g., catheters).
The disease affects the valves with the following predilection:
mitral valve > aortic valve > tricuspid valve > pulmonary valve.
Grossly, vegetations form along lines of valve closure and are generally symmetric with a smooth or verrucoid (warty) texture. Histologically, lesions are composed of fibrin (eosinophilic) and platelets but, unlike bacterial etiologies, contain little evidence of PMNs, microorganisms or inflammation.
Due to the non-invasive nature of NBTE, clinical examination may or may not reveal a new murmur.
It is imperative to take the blood pressure in both arms.
Maraviroc description

# Description
SELZENTRY (maraviroc) is a selective, slowly reversible, small molecule antagonist of the interaction between human CCR5 and HIV-1 gp120. Blocking this interaction prevents CCR5-tropic HIV-1 entry into cells.
SELZENTRY is available as film-coated tablets for oral administration containing either 150 or 300 mg of maraviroc and the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate (anhydrous), sodium starch glycolate, and magnesium stearate. The film coat  contains FD&C blue #2 aluminum lake, soya lecithin, polyethylene glycol (macrogol 3350), polyvinyl alcohol, talc and titanium dioxide.
Maraviroc is chemically described as 4,4-difluoro-N-{(1S)-3-oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl}cyclohexanecarboxamide.
The molecular formula is C29H41F2N5O and the structural formula is:
Maraviroc is a white to pale colored powder with a molecular weight of 513.67. It is highly soluble across the physiological pH range (pH 1.0 to 7.5).
Mater Health Services
Mater Health Services is a public and private collocated health care provider located in Brisbane, Australia. Mater Health Services provides care for some 500,000 patients each year. The Mater was established in 1906 by the Sisters of Mercy. In 2002, Mater Health Services became an incorporated body, charged with the responsibility to continue the Mission of the Sisters of Mercy to offer compassionate service to the sick and needy.

# History
The first Mater Hospital opened in a private house, Aubigny, at North Quay in 1906.  The house was converted into a 20 bed private hospital.  In 1911, the funds generated by the first Mater Private Hospital, and its successor at South Brisbane, allowed the Sisters of Mercy to open a free public hospital for the city of Brisbane.
In 1931, the Mater Childrens Hospital was opened treating over 8,266 patients in its first year of operation.  The Mater Mothers Hospital was officially opened in 1960 accommodating for 140 mothers.

# Milestones
- In 1919 Queenslands first hospital laboratory was established at the Mater.
- In 1928, the Mater Public Hospital installed Queenslands first deep X-ray therapy machine to treat cancer patients.
- In 1931 Mater opened the 80 bed Mater Childrens Hospital  the first Childrens Hospital south of the Brisbane river.
- In 1954 Mater established Queenslands first Neurological Department.
- Also in 1954, eastern Australias first Eye Bank opened at the Mater.
- In 1967 blood transfusions were performed on a baby in utero for the first time in Queensland.
- In 1987 Mater Childrens Hospital established Queenslands first paediatric sleep unit.
- In 1989 the Mater Private Priority Emergency Centre was opened  the first in any Queensland hospital.
- In 1998, the Mater Childrens Private Hospital opens becoming Australias first private paediatric facility.
- In 2000, Mater Private Hospital   Redland is officially opened.
- In 2006 Mater Health Services becomes the first institution to win a  Queensland Greats award.

# Private Hospitals
- Mater Children's Private Hospital
- Mater Mothers' Private Hospital
- Mater Private Hospital  Brisbane
- Mater Private Hospital  Redland

# Public Hospitals
- Mater Adult Hospital
- Mater Children's Hospital
- Mater Mothers' Hospital
Maxillary first molar
The maxillary first molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary second molars.  The function of this molar is similar to that of all molars in regard to grinding being the principle action during mastication, commonly known as chewing.  There are usually four cusps on maxillary molars, two on the buccal (side nearest the cheek) and two palatal (side nearest the palate).  There may also a fifth smaller cusp on the palatal side known as the Cusp of Carabelli.  There are great differences between the deciduous (baby) maxillary molars and those of the permanent maxillary molars, even though their function are similar.  It is important to note that the permanent maxillary molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede it.  Despite being named molars, the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars.
In the universal system of notation, the deciduous maxillary first molars are designated by a letter written in uppercase. The right deciduous maxillary first molar is known as "B", and the left one is known as "I". The international notation has a different system of notation. Thus, the right deciduous maxillary first molar is known as "54", and the left one is known as "64".
In the universal system of notation, the permanent maxillary first molars are designated by a number.  The right permanent maxillary first molar is known as "3", and the left one is known as "14".  In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found.  For this tooth, the left and right first molars would have the same number, "6", but the right one would have the symbol, "", underneath it, while the left one would have, "".  The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent maxillary first molar is known as "16", and the left one is known as "26".
Medial pectoral nerve
The medial pectoral nerve (medial anterior thoracic) arises from the medial cord of the plexus and through it from the eighth cervical and first thoracic.
It passes behind the first part of the axillary artery, curves forward between the axillary artery and vein, and unites in front of the artery with a filament from the lateral nerve.
It then enters the deep surface of the Pectoralis minor, where it divides into a number of branches, which supply the muscle.
Two or three branches pierce the muscle and end in the Pectoralis major.
Medial plantar artery
The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot.
It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies.
At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery.
Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces.

# Additional images
- Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
Meglumine antimoniate
Synonyms and keywords: Meglumine antimonate

# Overview
Meglumine antimoniate is a medicine used for treating  leishmaniasis.  It is manufactured by Aventis and sold as Glucantime in France, and Glucantim in Italy.
It belongs to a group of compounds known as the pentavalent antimonials. It is administered by intramuscular injection.

# Category
Antiparasitic

# Brand Names
GLUCANTIM, GLUCANTIME (NOT AVAILABLE)

# WHO Model Prescribing Information
Description

# Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of meglumine antimoniate is unknown, but may involve inhibition of the parasite's glycolytic and fatty acid oxidative activity resulting in decreased reducing equivalents for antioxidant defense and decreased synthesis of adenosine triphosphate.
Melatonin receptor 1B
Melatonin receptor 1B, also known as MTNR1B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTNR1B gene.

# Function
This gene encodes the MT2 protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain; however, this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin. Besides the brain and retina this receptor is expressed on the bone forming cells where it regulates their function in depositing bone.

# Clinical significance
Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased average blood sugar level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes.  MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cells in islets.

# Ligands
The following MT2R ligands have selectivity over MT1R:
- Compound 3d: antagonist with sub-nM affinity
- Compound 18f: antagonist and compound 18g partial agonist: sub-nM affinity, >100-fold selectivity over MT1
- Compound 14: antagonist
- Compound 13: agonist
Meropenem description

# Description
Meropenem for Injection, USP (I.V.) is a sterile, pyrogen-free, synthetic, broad-spectrum, carbapenem antibiotic for intravenous administration. It is (4R,5S,6S)-3-thio]-6--4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclohept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate. Its empirical formula is C17H25N3O5S3H2O with a molecular weight of 437.52. Its structural formula is:
Meropenem for Injection, USP (I.V.) is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. The solution varies from colorless to yellow depending on the concentration. The pH of freshly constituted solutions is between 7.3 and 8.3. Meropenem is soluble in 5% monobasic potassium phosphate solution, sparingly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in hydrated ethanol, and practically insoluble in acetone or ether.
When constituted as instructed, each 500 mg Meropenem for Injection, USP (I.V.) vial will deliver 500 mg meropenem and 45.1 mg of sodium as sodium carbonate (1.96 mEq). Each 1 g Meropenem for Injection, USP (I.V.) vial will deliver 1 g of meropenem and 90.2 mg of sodium as sodium carbonate (3.92 mEq).
Methane monooxygenase
Methane monooxygenase, or MMO, is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes. Methane monooxygenase belongs to the class of oxidoreductase enzymes (EC 1.14.13.25).
There are two well-studied forms of MMO: the soluble form (sMMO) and the particulate form (pMMO). The active site in sMMO contains a di-iron center bridged by an oxygen atom (Fe-O-Fe), whereas the active site in pMMO utilizes copper.  Structures of both proteins have been determined by X-ray crystallography; however, the location and mechanism of the active site in pMMO is still poorly understood and is an area of active research.
The particulate methane monooxygenase and related ammonia monooxygenase are integral membrane proteins, occurring in methanotrophs and ammonia oxidisers, respectively, which are thought to be related. These enzymes have a relatively wide substrate specificity and can catalyse the oxidation of a range of substrates including ammonia, methane, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic molecules. These enzymes are composed of 3 subunits - A (InterPro: IPR003393), B (InterPro: IPR006833) and C (InterPro: IPR006980) - and contain various metal centers, including copper. Particulate methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus is an ABC homotrimer, which contains mononuclear and dinuclear copper metal centers, and a third metal center containing a metal ion whose identity in vivo is not certain.
The A subunit from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) resides primarily within the membrane and consists of 7 transmembrane helices and a beta-hairpin, which interacts with the soluble region of the B subunit. A conserved glutamate residue is thought to contribute to a metal center.
Methane monooxygenases are found in methanotrophic bacteria, a class of bacteria that exist at the interface of aerobic (oxygen-containing) and anaerobic (oxygen-devoid) environments. One of the more widely-studied bacteria of this type is Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath).  This bacterium was discovered in the hot springs of Bath, England.
MiTiHeart Corporation
MiTiHeart Corporation is a product technology company specializing in ventricular assist devices for patients suffering from congestive heart failure. The MiTiHeart LVAD is an implantable left ventricular assist device being developed by MiTi for distribution by MiTiHeart Corporation, which is a subsidiary of MiTi.

# LVAD
MiTiHeart's LVAD design uses non-contact magnetic bearings in a design that optimizes blood flow through the pump. The design reduces thrombi formation and blood damage by shear. The use of non-contact bearings eliminates tribo-compatibility issues.

# Company and Key Personnel Awards
Said Jahanmir, Ph.D., President & CEO
- ASME Dedicated Service Award (1995)
- STLE International Award (1997)
- ASME Mayo D. Hersey Award (2001)
Dr. Jahanmir was featured in the May 2004 Tribology & Lubrication Technology Article "20 minutes with Said Jahanmir"

# Patented Technology
The company uses intellectual property developed by its parent company Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc.
- Pump Having Magnetic Bearing for Pumping Blood and the Like: U.S. Patent 6,201,329.
- Combination Magnetic Radial and Thrust Bearing: U.S. Patent 6,717,311.
- Redundant Thrust Bearing for Magnetically Levitated Blood Pump: US Patent Disclosure in Process
Microbiology template

# Overview
- The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence.
- The goal is to summarize the page in several sentences, and the section can be the same as the causes segment on the overview page.
- Confirm that the overview statement is in a text format and does not contain bullet points.
- Confirm that periods, commas and spaces are appropriately placed.
- Confirm that no text is bolded or italicized randomly in between the text.
- Make sure to check for spelling and grammatical errors thoroughly.
- Confirm that there are no floating periods and comas.
- Confirm that periods and comas are present before the start of references instead of at the end to avoid floating periods and comas.
- Confirm that all the internal links work and there are no black links in between texts.
- Confirm that no links are created to same page.

## Template
- First Sentence:
- Examples:
- Additional Sentences:
- Examples:

# Taxonomy
Insert full Linnaean taxonomy here

# Biology

# Structure

# Tropism

# Natural Reservoir
Microchapters project

# Overview
On wikidoc, a chapter is a collection of smaller chapters called microchapters.  For instance, the disease pericarditis is a chapter composed of multiple microchapters such as pericarditis overview, pericarditis pathophysiology, pericarditis treatment etc.  Microchapters allow users to access the content they are looking for more efficiently when browsing wikidoc.  It also maintains completeness and consistency of Wikidoc pages.  Microchaptering on wikidoc is usually a part of our main mission of creating a new page for a disease.

# Statement of Need
Most medical pages are very lengthy and require a tremendous time and effort for researchers and practioners to find what they are looking for.  Here comes the need for microchapters on wikidoc.  Microchapters conveniently stratify a disease into several subcategories in a colored format table and place them on the right hand side of every medical topic on wikidoc.  It is also powered by hyperlinks to make the search process much easier.
The goals of creating microchapters are as follows:
- Reduce content on any one page so that the page loads more rapidly
- Allow users to navigate to the desired content more rapidly
- To lower the barrier to entry for younger contributors by focusing their efforts on a manageable scope of content

# How Can WikiDoc Meet These Needs
A joint effort has been initiated among Wikidoc chief, scholars on campus and remote collaborators to provide microchaptered content for various diseases and its patient information pages.  There are many pages that were already microchaptered on Wikidoc.

## Examples
- Clostridium difficile infection
- Shigellosis
- Pericarditis
- Congestive heart failure
- Jaundice

# How Can You Help WikiDoc Meet These Needs
This project is intended for editors at an Assistant Editor-in-Chief level or higher.  This may be the right project for you if you are a college student, medical student, intern, resident, attending physician, hospitalist, specialist, medical faculty, researcher, nurse, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and allied health professional.
Wikidoc always welcomes remote contributions from qualified candidates.  If you're equally interested and qualified to participate in the microchapters project, the Wikidoc foundation will be happy to hear from you and guide you on how to start.  Once you're on board as an editor, you will be able to select your topic of expertise and start editing. This way, the microchapters project will continue to grow and expand.
Microseris lanceolata
Microseris lanceolata (syn. M. scapigera) is a perennial herb also known as murnong and yam daisy. 
It is found in many forms in Australia (Victoria) and on the island of Tasmania, the Tasmanian form being markedly smaller than the mainland Australian form.
A variable species, it has the form of a tufted rosette of toothed lanceolate leaves.
The flower stalk is notable for its curious behaviour: pendulous before flowering, it becomes erect 
for flowering, lifting the flower to the attention of pollinators, then becomes pendulous again until the seed head ripens, at which time it becomes erect again, exposing the seed head to the best possible wind exposure. The 'flower' is a yellow head of florets, reminiscent of a dandelion. The seed heads ripen to a cluster of  fluffy, tan achenes, each having a crown of fine 
extensions called a pappus. Seed dispersal is by wind.

# Cultivation and uses
The species has edible tuberous roots and was once an important source of food for the aboriginal natives of Australia and Tasmania. The introduction of cattle, sheep and goats by Europeans led to the near extinction of Murnong, with calamitous results for the aboriginals who depended upon Murnong for a large part of their food. Murnong was prepared by roasting or pit baking; the taste is described as "sweet with a flavour of coconut".
Mitochondrial carrier
A mitochondrial carrier is a protein in the solute carrier family which transfers molecules across the membranes of the mitochondria.
A variety of substrate carrier proteins that are involved in energy transfer are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane or integral to the membrane of other eukaryotic organelles such as the peroxisome.
Such proteins include: ADP, ATP carrier protein (ADP/ATP translocase); 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein; phosphate carrier protein; tricarboxylate transport protein (or citrate transport protein); Graves disease carrier protein; yeast mitochondrial proteins MRS3 and MRS4; yeast mitochondrial FAD carrier protein; and many others.
Structurally, these proteins can consist of up to three tandem repeats of a domain of approximately 100 residues, each domain containing two transmembrane regions.
Examples include:
- citrate - SLC25A1
- ornithine - SLC25A2, SLC25A15
- phosphate - SLC25A3, SLC25A23, SLC25A24 , SLC25A25
- adenine nucleotide - SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6, SLC25A31
- dicarboxylate - SLC25A10
- oxoglutarate - SLC25A11
- glutamate - SLC25A22

# Human proteins containing this domain
HDMCP;     LOC153328; MCART1;    MCART2;    MCART6;    MTCH1;     MTCH2;     SCAMC-2;
SLC25A1;   SLC25A10;  SLC25A11;  SLC25A12;  SLC25A13;  SLC25A14;  SLC25A16;  SLC25A17;
SLC25A18;  SLC25A19;  SLC25A21;  SLC25A22;  SLC25A23;  SLC25A24;  SLC25A25;  SLC25A26;
SLC25A27;  SLC25A28;  SLC25A29;  SLC25A3;   SLC25A30;  SLC25A31;  SLC25A32;  SLC25A33;
SLC25A34;  SLC25A35;  SLC25A36;  SLC25A37;  SLC25A38;  SLC25A39;  SLC25A4;   SLC25A40;
SLC25A41;  SLC25A42;  SLC25A43;  SLC25A44;  SLC25A45;  SLC25A46;  SLC25A5;   SLC25A6;
UCP1;      UCP2;      UCP3;