Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 28 members from 20 countries, mainly practicing zoological taxonomists. Members are elected by zoologists attending General Assemblies of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) or other international congresses. The work of the Commission is supported by a small Secretariat based at the Natural History Museum in London, and funded by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (ITZN), a charitable organization. The Commission assists the zoological community "through generation and dissemination of information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals."
The ICZN publishes the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (a.k.a. "The Code"), containing the formal rules "universally accepted as governing the application of scientific names to all organisms which are treated as animals." The Commission also provides rulings on individual problems brought to its attention, as arbitration may be necessary in contentious cases, where strict adherence to the Code would interfere with stability of usage (e.g., see conserved name). These rulings are published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.
ZooBank - a proposed register of the scientific names of every animal species known was launched on 10 August 2006.
List of countries and territories by fertility rate
This page consists of two tables.  Table 1 is sourced from the The CIA World Factbook.  It is a list of countries by total fertility rate (TFR):  the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years, based on 2007 age-specific fertility rate data. Sovereign states are ranked.  Some countries might not be listed because they are not fully recognized as countries at the time of this census.
Table 2 is sourced from the United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision  Table A.15.

# Table 1 CIA TFR Ranking
- Source: The World Factbook, CIA

# Table 2 UN TFR Ranking
Table 2 is a list of countries by total fertility rate (TFR):  the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years. Figures are from the 2006 revision of the United Nations World Population Prospects report, for the period 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, using the medium assumption. Only countries/territories with a population of 100,000 or more in 2007 are included. Rank is based on 2005-2010 figure.
- Source: United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision  Table A.15
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
File:HIV Epidem.png
This is a list of countries and territories by people living with HIV/AIDS and the prevalence rate among adults, based on data from various sources, such as the The CIA World Factbook
 The table makes clear Africa's unfortunate position in the worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic, as the 19 countries worldwide with the highest prevalence of reported infections are all African countries, and South Africa is reported to have the largest population living with the disease, at well over 5 million people infected.
On the more fortunate end of the spectrum, Samoa is reported as having the smallest infected population (reporting only 12 cases), with Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan being reported to have the lowest prevalence of the disease, among reported nations, at approximately 0.01% of their populations, respectively.
As the majority of people infected with HIV are unaware they have the virus, it is reasonable to expect that there may be significant cases of under-reporting and inaccuracies in certain listed statistics.
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MICU intern's survival guide hyperkalemia treatment

# Overview

## Treatments based on rapidity of action
Treatment based on rapidity of action (fastest to slowest). The choice of therapy also depends on severity of ECG findings and muscle weakness.

### Calcium supplements
- Calcium supplements given only in hyperkalemia with significant EKG findings.
- Calcium stabilize cardiac membranes thus antagonizing effects of potassium.
- Calcium chloride 0.5 to 1 grams (5-10 ml of 10% solution) via intravenous infusion over 2-3 minutes (central lines are preferred)
- Calcium gluconate 1 gram (10 mL of 10 % solution) infused slowly. Peripheral as well as central lines can be used.
- Repeat calcium after 5 minutes for persistent EKG changes.
- Patient should be on cardiac monitor when calcium is administered.
- Calcium can increase digoxin toxicity.
- It has a transient effect so calcium therapy should be combined with other long effect therapy.
Substance or medication-induced depressive disorder

# Overview
Substance-induced depressive disorder is characterized by a persistent depressed mood that developed during or after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication.

# Differential Diagnosis
Substance- or medication-induced depression must be differentiated from:
- Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
- Primary depressive disorder
- Substance intoxication and withdrawal

# Epidemiology and Demographics

## Prevalence
The prevalence of substance or medication-induced depressive disorder is 260 per 100,000 (0.26%) of the overall population.

# Risk Factors
Risk factors for the development of substance- or medication-induced depressive disorder include:
- Antisocial behavior
- Alcohol or drug use disorders
- Family history of substance use disorders
- History of drug induced depression
- History of stressful life events
- History of major depressive disorder
- Psychosocial stressors
- Specific type of medication
- Effavirenz
- High estrogen/Progesterone in OCP
- Interferon alpha
- Prednisone

# Diagnostic Criteria

## DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Medroxyprogesterone instructions for administration

# Instructions for administration
Vasomotor Symptoms / Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

## Vasomotor Symptoms / Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy
Patients should be treated with the lowest effective dose. Generally women should be started at
0.3 mg/1.5 mg PREMPRO daily. Subsequent dosage adjustment may be made based upon the
individual patient response. In patients where bleeding or spotting remains a problem, after appropriate
evaluation, consideration should be given to changing the dose level. This dose should be periodically
reassessed by the healthcare provider. Return to top

## Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Patients should be treated with the lowest effective dose. Generally women should be started at
0.3 mg/1.5 mg PREMPRO daily. Dosage may be adjusted depending on individual clinical and bone
mineral density responses. This dose should be periodically reassessed by the healthcare provider.
In patients where bleeding or spotting remains a problem, after appropriate evaluation, consideration
should be given to changing the dose level. This dose should be periodically reassessed by the
healthcare provider.
PREMPHASE therapy consists of two separate tablets; one maroon 0.625 mg Premarin tablet taken
daily on days 1 through 14 and one light-blue tablet, containing 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens and
5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, taken on days 15 through 28. Return to top
Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.
Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential
Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) are melanocytic lesions in the dermis that cannot be classified by morphology as either benign naevi (moles) or malignant melanomas because the mass shows features of both.
Several lesion types may be classified as MELTUMPs: atypical Spitz naevi, dysplastic naevi, pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma, deep penetrating naevi, congenital neavi, cellular nodules in congenital naevi, possible naevoid melanomas, and cellular blue naevi.
A related category of melanocytic proliferation is superficial atypical melanocytic proliferations of uncertain significance (SAMPUS), which includes junctional melanocytic proliferations and proliferations in the epidermis and papillary dermis that are not accompanied by tumorigenic cell mitosis.
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis overview

# Overview
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is a form of glomerulonephritis associated primarily with the mesangium.
There is some evidence that interleukin-10 may inhibit it in an animal model.
It is classified as type II lupus nephritis by the WHO.
Minocycline hydrochloride dosage and administration

# Dosage and Administration
THE USUAL DOSAGE AND FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION OF MINOCYCLINE DIFFERS FROM THAT OF THE OTHER TETRACYCLINES. EXCEEDING THE RECOMMENDED DOSAGE MAY RESULT IN AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS.
Minocycline hydrochloride capsules may be taken with or without food. (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY.)
For Pediatric Patients Above 8 Years of Age
The usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride capsules is 4 mg/kg initially followed by 2 mg/kg every 12 hours.
Adults
The usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride is 200 mg initially followed by 100 mg every 12 hours. Alternatively, if more frequent doses are preferred, two or four 50 mg capsules may be given initially followed by one 50 mg capsule four times daily.
Uncomplicated gonococcal infections other than urethritis and anorectal infections in men: 200 mg initially, followed by 100 mg every 12 hours for a minimum of four days, with post-therapy cultures within 2 to 3 days.
In the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men, 100 mg every 12 hours for five days is recommended.
For the treatment of syphilis, the usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride capsules should be administered over a period of 10 to 15 days. Close follow-up, including laboratory tests, is recommended.
In the treatment of meningococcal carrier state, the recommended dosage is 100 mg every 12 hours for five days.
Mycobacterium marinum infections: Although optimal doses have not been established, 100 mg every 12 hours for 6 to 8 weeks have been used successfully in a limited number of cases.
Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum: 100 mg orally, every 12 hours for at least seven days.
Ingestion of adequate amounts of fluids along with capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline-class is recommended to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration.
In patients with renal impairment (see WARNINGS), the total dosage should be decreased by either reducing the recommended individual doses and/or by extending the time intervals between doses.
Niacin/lovastatin how supplied storage and handling

# How Supplied Storage and Handling
ADVICOR is an unscored capsule-shaped tablet containing either 500, 750, or 1000 mg of extended-release niacin, and 20 mg of immediate-release lovastatin (ADVICOR 500 mg/20 mg, 750 mg/20 mg, 1000 mg/20 mg), or 1000 mg of extended-release niacin and 40 mg of immediate-release lovastatin (ADVICOR 1000 mg/40 mg). Tablets are color-coated and printed with the a logo and a code number specific to the tablet strength on the same side. ADVICOR 500 mg/20 mg tablets are light yellow, code 502. ADVICOR 750 mg/20 mg tablets are light orange, code 752. ADVICOR 1000 mg/20 mg tablets are dark pink/light purple, code 1002. ADVICOR 1000 mg/40 mg tablets are reddish brown, code 1004. Tablets are supplied in bottles of 90 tablets as shown below.
500 mg/20 mg tablets: bottles of 90 - NDC# 0074-3005-90
750 mg/20 mg tablets: bottles of 90 - NDC# 0074-3072-90
1000 mg/20 mg tablets: bottles of 90 - NDC# 0074-3007-90
1000 mg/40 mg tablets: bottles of 90 - NDC# 0074-3010-90
Store at room temperature (20 to 25C or 68 to 77F).
NIASPAN is a registered trademark of AbbVie Inc., and Mevacor is a registered trademark of Merck & Co., Inc.
Oppositional defiant disorder (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

# Overview
Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.

# What are the symptoms of Oppositional defiant disorder?
- Symptoms include:
- Actively does not follow adults' requests
- Angry and resentful of others
- Argues with adults
- Blames others for own mistakes
- Has few or no friends or has lost friends
- Is in constant trouble in school
- Loses temper
- Spiteful or seeks revenge
- Touchy or easily annoyed
- To fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 months and must be more than normal childhood misbehavior.
- The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other children around the same age and developmental level.
- The behavior must lead to significant problems in school or social activities.

# What causes Oppositional defiant disorder?
- This disorder is more common in boys than in girls.
- Some studies have shown that it affects 20% of school-age children. However, most experts believe this figure is high due to changing definitions of normal childhood behavior, and possible racial, cultural, and gender biases.
- This behavior typically starts by age 8, but it may start as early as the preschool years.
- This disorder is thought to be caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you have concerns about your child's development or behavior.

# Diagnosis
Children with symptoms of this disorder should be evaluated by a psychiatrist or psychologist.

# Diseases with similar symptoms
In children and adolescents, the following conditions can cause similar behavior problems and should be considered as possibilities:
- Anxiety disorders
- Attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Bipolar disorder
- Depression
- Learning disorders
- Substance abuse disorders

# Treatment options
- The best treatment for the child is to talk with a mental health professional in individual and possibly family therapy. The parents should also learn how to manage the child's behavior.
- Medications may also be helpful, especially if the behaviors occur as part of another condition (such as depression, childhood psychosis, or ]).

# Where to find medical care for Oppositional defiant disorder?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Oppositional defiant disorder

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Some children respond well to treatment, while others do not.

# Possible complications
- In many cases, children with oppositional defiant disorder grow up to have conduct disorder as teenagers or adults.
- In some cases children may grow up to have antisocial personality disorder.

# Prevention
- Be consistent about rules and consequences at home.
- Don't make punishments too harsh or inconsistent.
- Model the right behaviors for your child.
- Abuse and neglect increase the chances that this condition will occur.

# Source
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride indications and usage

# Indications and Usage
Based on a review of this drug by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council and/or other information, FDA has classified the indications as follows:
"Lacking substantial evidence of effectiveness as a fixed combination":
Urobiotic-250 is indicated in the therapy of a number of genitourinary infections caused by susceptible organisms. These infections include the following: pyelonephritis, pyelitis, ureteritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis.
Since both Terramycin and sulfamethizole provide effective levels in blood, tissue, and urine, Urobiotic-250 provides a multiple antimicrobial approach at the site of infection. Both antibacterial components are active against the most common urinary pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aerobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus hemolyticus, and Micrococcus pyogenes. Urobiotic-250 is particularly useful in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria more sensitive to the combination than to either component alone. The combination is also of value in those cases with mixed infections, and in those instances where the causative organism is unknown pending laboratory isolation.
Final classification of the less than effective indications requires further investigation. Clinical studies to substantiate the efficacy of Urobiotic 250 are ongoing. Completion of these ongoing studies will provide data for final classification of these indications.
Paranoid personality disorder (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

# Overview
Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric condition in which a person has a long-term distrust and suspicion of others, but does not have a full-blown psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia.

# What are the symptoms of Paranoid personality disorder?
- People with paranoid personality disorder are highly suspicious of other people. As a result, people with this condition severely limit their social lives.
- They often feel that they are in danger, and look for evidence to support their suspicions. People with this disorder have trouble seeing that their distrustfulness is out of proportion to their environment.
- Common symptoms include:
- Concern that other people have hidden motives
- Expectation that they will be exploited by others
- Inability to work together with others
- Social isolation
- Detachment
- Hostility

# What causes Paranoid personality disorder?
- The causes of paranoid personality disorder are unknown. The disorder appears to be more common in families with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and delusional disorder, which suggests genes may be involved. However, environmental factors may play a role, as well.
- The condition appears to be more common in men.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
If suspicions are interfering with your relationships or work, contact a health care provider or mental health professional.

# Diagnosis
Like other personality disorders, paranoid personality disorder is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation and the history and severity of the symptoms.

# Treatment options
- Treatment is difficult because people with this condition are often very suspicious of doctors.
- If treatment is accepted, talk therapy and medications can often be effective.

# Where to find medical care for Paranoid personality disorder?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Paranoid personality disorder

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- The outlook usually depends on whether the person is willing to accept help.
- Therapy and medications can reduce paranoia and limit its impact on the person's daily functioning.

# Possible complications
- Extreme social isolation
- Interference with work

# Source
Personality change due to another medical condition

# Overview
Personality disorders present with symptoms which corresponds to other psychiatric illnesses as well. It makes imperative to employ the  criterion to make the diagnosis of PD. Additionally, many patients with PDs also suffer from co-morbid conditions like mood disorders, substance abuse and organic brain lesions which have overlapping symptoms and signs with PDs. This requires a complete long history including duration of symptoms and developmental history and essential investigations.

# Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Personality changes are also associated with other medical conditions, such as frontal lobe lesions. The lesions (tumors, abscess, granuloma, or cystic lesion) present with changes in personality. Substance use disorders like marijuana, alcohol, amphetamine or cannibis) also manifest personality changes. Old patients in hospitals or home may develop delirium and exhibit personality changes. Other conditions associated with personality changes include:
- Endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism.
- Long-term steroid use OR hypercortisolism.
- Familial disorder like Huntington disease.
- Automimmune disorders involving central nervous system like Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
- CNS infections like Meningoencephalitis.
- Autoimmune immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV.
- Traumatic brain injuries like chronic sub-dural hematoma.

# Differential Diagnosis
- Another mental disorder due to another medical condition
- Depressive disorder due to brain tumor
- Chronic medical conditions associated with pain and disability
- Delirium or major neurocognitive disorder
- Other mental disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- Conduct disorders
- Delusional disorder
- Depressive disorder
- Panic disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Other personality disorders
- Substance use disorders

# Diagnostic Criteria

## DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk
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The posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk are branches of the posterior vagal trunk which supply the stomach.