Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture Association of America
The Acupuncture Association of America (AAA) was established by acupuncturist Dr. Miriam Lee to provide education about acupuncture for the public, to advocate for legislation on acupuncture, to provide continuing education for licensed practitioners and to establish acupuncture research.
The Acupuncture Association of America was founded in 1980, and run by Dr. Lee until 1998 when she retired and passed the care of AAA over to her student, Susan Johnson, L.Ac. 
For nearly a decade, AAA single-handedly supported California state lobbyist, Mr. Art Krause. Dr. Lee financed the lobbying by teaching Master Tung's Points classes to her students and licensed practitioners. Krause, well respected in Sacramento, was able to negotiate agreements with influential legislators including Senator Art Torres and Senator Herschel Rosenthal, both instrumental in getting many acupuncture bills made into law. It is directly through their efforts and a few others, that California has both licensure and the most comprehensive scope of practice which includes primary care physician status, primary insurance coverage and Medi-Cal.
In 1989, The Council of Acupuncture Organizations was formed to unite the profession statewide in the legislative process, and to share the financial support of the acupuncture lobbyist. This group was composed of nine different acupuncture organizations throughout California including, three Chinese, two Japanese, two Korean and two Caucasian groups. This was the first and only real attempt to date to bring these different acupuncture communities together. Unfortunately, the group only met for two years, but during that time, the CAO was able to procure acupuncture coverage through Worker's compensation. 
The AAA continues to operate in California under Susan Johnson, L.Ac.
Adefovir dosage and administration

# Dosage And Administration
2.1	Chronic Hepatitis B
The recommended dose of HEPSERA in chronic hepatitis B patients for patients 12 years of age and older with adequate renal function is 10 mg, once daily, taken orally, without regard to food. The optimal duration of treatment is unknown.
HEPSERA is not recommended for use in children less than 12 years of age.
2.2	Dose Adjustment in Renal Impairment
Significantly increased drug exposures were seen when HEPSERA was administered to adult patients with renal impairment . Therefore, the dosing interval of HEPSERA should be adjusted in adult patients with baseline creatinine clearance less than 50 mL per minute using the following suggested guidelines (See Table 1). The safety and effectiveness of these dosing interval adjustment guidelines have not been clinically evaluated.
Additionally, it is important to note that these guidelines were derived from data in patients with pre-existing renal impairment at baseline. They may not be appropriate for patients in whom renal insufficiency evolves during treatment with HEPSERA. Therefore, clinical response to treatment and renal function should be closely monitored in these patients.
The pharmacokinetics of adefovir have not been evaluated in non-hemodialysis patients with creatinine clearance less than 10 mL per minute; therefore, no dosing recommendation is available for these patients.
No clinical data are available to make dosing recommendations in adolescent patients with renal insufficiency .
Adenomyosis differential diagnosis
Adenomyosis is a cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and can result in infertility. There are several diseases that can result in excessive uterine bleeding and the following table is a description of various causes of excessive uterine bleeding.
-  Parker JD, Leondires M, Sinaii N, Premkumar A, Nieman LK, Stratton P (2006). "Persistence of dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pain after optimal endometriosis surgery may indicate adenomyosis". Fertil Steril. 86 (3): 7115. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.030. PMID 16782099.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
-  Donnez J, Donnez O, Matule D, Ahrendt HJ, Hudecek R, Zatik J;  et al. (2016). "Long-term medical management of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate". Fertil Steril. 105 (1): 165173.e4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.032. PMID 26477496.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
-  Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J, International Union against sexually transmitted infections (2014). "2012 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease". Int J STD AIDS. 25 (1): 17. doi:10.1177/0956462413498714. PMID 24216035.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
-  Rozenblit AM, Ricci ZJ, Tuvia J, Amis ES (2001). "Incompetent and dilated ovarian veins: a common CT finding in asymptomatic parous women". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176 (1): 11922. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.1.1760119. PMID 11133549.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Almotriptan nonclinical toxicology

# Nonclinical Toxicology

### Carcinogenesis
Almotriptan was administered to mice and rats for up to 103104 weeks at oral doses up to 250 mg/kg/day and 75 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses were associated with plasma exposures (AUC) to parent drug that were approximately 40 and 80 times, in mice and rats respectively, the plasma AUC in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 25 mg/day. Because of high mortality rates in both studies, which reached statistical significance in high-dose female mice, all female rats, all male mice, and high-dose female mice were terminated between weeks 96 and 98. There was no increase in tumors related to almotriptan administration.

### Mutagenesis
Almotriptan was not mutagenic in two in vitro gene mutation assays, the Ames test, and the mouse lymphoma tk assay. Almotriptan was not clastogenic in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

## Impairment of Fertility
When male and female rats received almotriptan (25, 100, or 400 mg/kg/day) orally prior to and during mating and gestation, prolongation of the estrous cycle was observed at the mid-dose and greater, and fertility was impaired at the highest dose. Subsequent mating of treated with untreated animals indicated that the decrease in fertility was due to an effect on females. The no-effect dose for reproductive toxicity in rats (25 mg/kg/day) is approximately 10 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis.
American Social Health Association
The American Social Health Association (ASHA) is an American non-profit organization established early 20th century, and currently active on issues concerning sexually transmitted diseases.

# History
ASHA's roots stretch back to the Progressive-era social purity movement. In 1911 two major purity organizations the American Purity Alliance and the American Vigilance Committee joined to form the American Vigilance Association. Groups that were more medically-oriented elected in 1910 Prince A. Morrow as president of the American Federation for Sex Hygiene. After Morrow's death in 1913 both organizations (and tendencies) merged to form the American Social Hygiene Association, which was renamed in 1914 to the American Social Health Association.
Initial influential figures:
- John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (initial financial contributor)
- Charles William Eliot (president of Harvard University)
- Jane Addams (Chicago's Hull House)
- William Snow (Stanford University professor and secretary of the California State Board of Health)
- Thomas Hepburn (leader of the Connecticut social hygiene movement)
- David Starr Jordan (chancellor of Stanford University)
- James Cardinal Gibbons (Baltimore, philanthropist)
Amitriptyline detailed information

# Overview
Amitriptyline (or Amitryptyline) hydrochloride (sold as Elavil, Tryptanol, Endep, Elatrol, Tryptizol, Trepiline, Laroxyl) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. It is a white, odorless (but tastes like licorice), crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water; it is usually dispensed in tablet form. In terms of its mechanism of action, amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake almost equally.

# Uses

## Approved
Amitriptyline is approved for the treatment of endogenous depression and involutional melancholia (depression of late life, which is no longer seen as a disease in its own right.) Adult typical dosages are 25 to 150 mg daily, with half this initially for elderly or adolescents.
It may also be used to treat nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). Children between the ages of 7 to 10 years having a dose of 10 to 20 mg, older children 25 to 50 mg at night. It should be gradually withdrawn at the end of the course, which overall should be of no more than 3 months.
In some European countries it is also approved as prophylaxis for patients with frequent migraines (usually 25 to 75 mg).

## Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational
Amitriptyline may be prescribed for other conditions such as insomnia, migraine, rebound headache, chronic pain, postherpetic neuralgia (persistent pain following a shingles attack), fibromyalgia, vulvodynia, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neurological pain, and painful paresthesias related to multiple sclerosis and as a preventative (prophylaxis) for patients with frequent migraines. It is also used in small (10 mg) doses to act as a painkiller and ease the effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Typically lower dosages are required for pain modification of 10 to 50 mg daily.
Amitriptyline in very small doses (5 mg a day) is also sometimes prescribed to help ease the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. It is thought to help combat symptoms of insomnia primarily, in addition to other selected symptoms of the affliction.
A randomized controlled trial published in June 2005 found that amitriptyline was effective in functional dyspepsia refractory to famotidine and mosapride combination therapy.

# Side effects
Common side effects of using amitriptyline are extreme weight gain, drowsiness, nervousness, dizziness, and insomnia. Some rare side effects include tinnitus, hypotension, mania, psychosis, anticholinergic effects, heart block, arrhythmias, extrapyramidal symptoms, depression, and hepatic toxicity.
Overdose:
The symptoms and the treatment of an overdose are largely the same as for the other tricyclic antidepressants.

# Footnotes
-  Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 British National Formulary 45 March 2003
-   Otaka M, Jin M, Odashima M, Matsuhashi T, Wada I, Horikawa Y, Komatsu K, Ohba R, Oyake J, Hatakeyama N, Watanabe S. "New strategy of therapy for functional dyspepsia using famotidine, mosapride and amitriptyline." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005 Jun;21 Suppl 2:42-6. PMID 15943846 Fulltext
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate

# Overview
Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal drug, often used intravenously for systemic fungal infections. It was originally extracted from Streptomyces Streptomyces nodosus, a filamentous bacterium, in 1955 at the Squibb Institute for Medical Research from cultures of an undescribed streptomycete isolated from the soil collected in the Orinoco River region of Venezuela. Its name originates from the chemical's amphoteric properties.  Two amphotericins, amphotericin A and amphotericin B are known, but only B is used clinically, because it is significantly more active in vivo.  Amphotericin A is almost identical to amphotericin B (having a double C=C bond between the 27th and 28th carbons), but has little antifungal activity.
Currently, the drug is available as plain amphotericin B, as a cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD), as a lipid complex (ABLC), and as a liposomal formulation (LAmB). The latter formulations have been developed to improve tolerability for the patient, but may show considerably different pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to plain amphotericin B.

# Category
Antifungal parenteral agent

# US Brand Names
Amphotec

# FDA Package Insert
Description

# Mechanism of Action
Binds to ergosterol altering cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi and causing leakage of cell components with subsequent cell death.
Ampicillin Trihydrate how supplied

# How supplied
Ampicillin Capsules, USP: Each capsule, for oral administration, contains ampicillin trihydrate equivalent to 250 mg or 500 mg ampicillin, and are supplied as:
250 mg: white, opaque, hard gelatin capsules, imprinted in black ink GG 850/GG 850.
NDC 0781-2144-01 in bottles of 100
NDC 0781-2144-05 in bottles of 500
500 mg: white, opaque, hard gelatin capsules, imprinted in black ink GG 851/GG 851.
NDC 0781-2145-01 in bottles of 100
NDC 0781-2145-05 in bottles of 500
Store at 20-25C (68- 77F) (see USP Controlled Room Temperature).
Dispense in a tight container.
Rev. 11-2006
Manufactured in Austria by Sandoz GmbH
for Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540
Ampicillin Trihydrate microbiology

# Microbiology
While in vitro studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of most strains of the following organisms, clinical efficacy for infections other than those included in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section has not been documented.
GRAM-POSITIVE  strains of alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, those strains of staphylococci, which do not produce penicillinase, Clostridium sp., Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium xeroses, and most strains of enterococci.
GRAM-NEGATIVE  Hemophilus influenzae; Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. Meningitides; Proteus mirabilis, and many strains of Salmonella (including S. typhosa), Shigella, and Escherichia coli.
NOTE: Ampicillin is inactivated by penicillinase and therefore is ineffective against penicillinase-producing organisms including certain strains of staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. Vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and some strains of E. coli. Ampicillin is not active against Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and large viruses (Miyagawanella).
TESTING FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY: The invading organism should be cultured and its susceptibility demonstrated as a guide to therapy. If the Kirby-Bauer method of disc susceptibility is used, a 10 mcg ampicillin disc should be used to determine the relative in vitro susceptibility.
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil

# Description
Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a mimosa-like timber tree native to Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru.  It has also be introduced to Mauritius.  It grows up to 25m tall, with a trunk diameter of 60-90cm.  The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about 7-20 cm.  The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring.  The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each.  The seeds are flat, average each about 1.5 cm in diameter and have an average mass of about 0.125 g each.  The tree's wood has a density of about 0.840 kg/dm3

# Uses

## Gum
Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as gum arabic.

## Honey
This tree used as a honey plant.

## Medicine
The tree is a medicinal plant.  The bark is the most-used part of the tree for this.  An extract of grated bark is taken for liver problems.  A syrup of the bark and resin is used to treat upper respiratory infections and angina pectoris.  Bark extract is taken for treating gonorrhea.  Small amounts of roasted, powdered seeds are snuffed for headaches and colds.

## Ornamental tree
The tree is an ornamental plant, and it is especially useful as an urban tree.

## Tannin
The tree's bark contains 15.38% tannin.  The seed pods contain 3% tannin and the heartwood contains 1.8%.

## Wood
The wood is very hard and it dulls cutting tools.  The heartwood is quite durable.  The tree's wood is used for outdoor construction, marine applications, railroad ties and implement handles.

# Alkaloids
Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems.  The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT.

# Conservation
A. colubrina var. cebil is very much sought for its wood and bark (for medicinal purposes) and so it is being destructively cut down by industry.  Since the tree is beautiful and useful, calls are being made to plant trees near communities that use them, so that sustainable harvesting of the tree can be accomplished.

# Propagation
The seeds can be placed between a folded damp paper towel in a sealable plastic sandwich bag for a few days until the seeds sprout.  They can then be planted 1cm deep in well-drained containers.  Once watered, is important to let the growing medium dry out well, before watering again.
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
The anterior humeral circumflex artery (anterior circumflex artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery), considerably smaller than the posterior, arises nearly opposite it, from the lateral side of the axillary artery.
It runs horizontally, beneath the Coracobrachialis and short head of the Biceps brachii, in front of the neck of the humerus.
On reaching the intertubercular sulcus, it gives off a branch which ascends in the sulcus to supply the head of the humerus and the shoulder-joint.
The trunk of the vessel is then continued onward beneath the long head of the Biceps brachii and the Deltoideus, and anastomoses with the posterior humeral circumflex artery.
External vertebral venous plexuses
The external vertebral venous plexuses (extraspinal veins) best marked in the cervical region, consist of anterior and posterior plexuses which anastomose freely with each other.
- The anterior external plexuses lie in front of the bodies of the vertebr, communicate with the basivertebral and intervertebral veins, and receive tributaries from the vertebral bodies.
- The posterior external plexuses are placed partly on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral arches and their processes, and partly between the deep dorsal muscles.
They are best developed in the cervical region, and there anastomose with the vertebral, occipital, and deep cervical veins.
Anterior horn of lateral ventricle

# Overview
The anterior cornu (frontal horn, anterior horn; precornu) passes forward and lateralward, with a slight inclination downward, from the interventricular foramen into the frontal lobe, curving around the anterior end of the caudate nucleus.
Its floor is formed by the upper surface of the reflected portion of the corpus callosum, the rostrum.
It is bounded medially by the anterior portion of the septum pellucidum, and laterally by the head of the caudate nucleus.
Its apex reaches the posterior surface of the genu of the corpus callosum.
Internal vertebral venous plexuses
The internal vertebral venous plexuses (intraspinal veins) lie within the vertebral canal between the dura mater and the vertebrae, and receive tributaries from the bones and from the medulla spinalis.
They form a closer net-work than the external plexuses, and, running mainly in a vertical direction, form four longitudinal veins, two in front and two behind; they therefore may be divided into anterior and posterior groups.
- The anterior internal plexuses consist of large veins which lie on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral fibrocartilages on either side of the posterior longitudinal ligament; under cover of this ligament they are connected by transverse branches into which the basivertebral veins open.
- The posterior internal plexuses are placed, one on either side of the middle line in front of the vertebral arches and ligamenta flava, and anastomose by veins passing through those ligaments with the posterior external plexuses.
The anterior and posterior plexuses communicate freely with one another by a series of venous rings (retia venosa vertebrarum), one opposite each vertebra.
Around the foramen magnum they form an intricate net-work which opens into the vertebral veins and is connected above with the occipital sinus, the basilar plexus, the condyloid emissary vein, and the rete canalis hypoglossi.
Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy
Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published bimonthly by International Medical Press, London, UK (a subsidiary of MediTech Media). Founded in January 1990, the journal was published by Blackwell Science until 1997. The Editor-in-Chief is Hugh J. Field (University of Cambridge, UK).
Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy publishes primary papers and reviews on all aspects of the preclinical development of antiviral agents, including their chemical synthesis, biochemistry, pharmacology, mode of action and virology, as well as studies in animal models.
The journal is an official publication of the International Society for Antiviral Research, and is indexed in Index Medicus, Medline, Research Alert, Chemical Abstracts and EMBASE.
Content from 1998 to the present is available online in PDF format, via the journal website. Content over a year old is freely accessible, and all articles are available free to those living in developing countries.
Arrhythmia resident survival guide

# Click on The Type of Arrhythmia You Are Looking For:

## Atrial fibrillation resident survival guide
Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves and a ventricular rate of 100-180 beats/minute.  Suspect the presence of atrial fibrillation with WPW when ventricular rate exceeds this range.

## Atrial flutter resident survival guide
Atrial flutter is characterized by a regular rhythm, sawtooth appearance and an average atrial rate of 300 beats per minute.  Depending on the nature of the atrioventricular conduction, the average ventricular rate is 300, 150 or 75 beats per minute for 1:1, 2:1 or 4:1 conduction respectively.

## Bradycardia resident survival guide
Bradycardia is characterized by a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute.

## Narrow complex tachycardia resident survival guide
Narrow complex tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate > 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex of a duration < 120 milliseconds.

## Wide complex tachycardia resident survival guide
Narrow complex tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate > 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex of a duration > 120 milliseconds.

## Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome resident survival guide
While Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) pattern is characterized by a short PR interval and the presence of a delta wave, WPW syndrome is the presence of an arrhythmia, such as AVRT, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, in a subject with preexisting WPW pattern.  When the arrhythmia occurs, the delta wave commonly disappears.  AVRT is orthodromic in most of the cases (regular rhythm, narrow QRS) but can also be antidromic (regular rhythm, wide QRS).