Dysuria resident survival guide

# Overview
Dysuria is typically described to be a burning, tingling, or stinging sensation of the urethra and meatus associated with voiding. Dysuria refers to painful urination. It is most often a result of an infection of the urinary tract. Noninfectious inflammatory causes include a foreign body in the urinary tract and dermatologic conditions such as herpes, irritant dermatitis, erosive, lichen planus, contact dermatitis. It may also be due to an sexually transmitted diseases, bladder stones, bladder tumors and any condition of the prostate. It can also occur as a side effect of medications. It is one of the constellations of irritative bladder symptoms, which includes the frequency of urination and haematuria.

# Causes

## Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes of dysuria include:
- StevensJohnson syndrome
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis
The aforementioned conditions  may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

## Common Causes
Common causes include: 
- Acute Cystitis
- Urethritis from sexually transmitted infections
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Trichomoniasis
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Trichomoniasis
- Female genital structure related
Vulvo-Vaginitis
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidal infections
Atrophic vaginitis
Cervicitis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Vulvo-Vaginitis
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidal infections
Atrophic vaginitis
- Trichomoniasis
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Candidal infections
- Atrophic vaginitis
- Cervicitis
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Male genital Structure related
Balanitis
Prostatitis
Epididymo-orchitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Balanitis
- Prostatitis
- Epididymo-orchitis
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Foreign Body in urinary tract
Indwelling Foley catheter
Stone
Urethral or ureteral stent
- Indwelling Foley catheter
- Stone
- Urethral or ureteral stent
- Pyelonephritis
- Urethral Stricture
- Dermatological
Herpes
Irritant dermatitis
Erosive lichen planus
Contact Dermatitis
- Herpes
- Irritant dermatitis
- Erosive lichen planus
- Contact Dermatitis
- Local trauma
- Medication use
Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclophosphamide
- Neoplasia
Bladder Carcinoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Bladder Carcinoma
- Renal Cell Carcinoma

# Diagnosis
- Shown below are two algorithms summarizing the diagnosis of Dysuria
Algorithm showing the diagnosis of dysuria in woman:  
Abbreviations: ER:Emergency room,KUB USS :Kidney and Bladder Ultrasound study,PVR: Post-void residual urine,USG : Ultrasonography
If the female patient presents with a slow urine stream without any pain or burning sensation, then the algorithm below can be used to treat the patient
Algorithm showing the diagnosis of dysuria in Male patients: 
Abbreviations: ER:Emergency room, KUB USS :Kidney and Bladder Ultrasound study, PVR: Post-void residual urine, USG : Ultrasonography, NAAT: Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, ESR:Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein , HLA:Human leukocyte antigen

# Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of Dysuria in female patients: 
Treatment of dysuria in male patient: 
UPOINT CLASSIFICATION

# Do's
Instruct the female patients to:
- Lose weight (if they are overweight or obese).
- Always stay hydrated.
- Urinate after sexual intercourse.
- Always wipe front to back.
- Wear cotton/comfortable underwear.
- Use menstrual cups, sanitary pads, or clean period-proof underwear.
- Maintain personal hygiene.

# Don'ts
- Instruct the female patients not to delay in urinating.
- Avoid Smoking
- Avoid drinking the following items a lot:
Caffeinated sodas
Alcohol
Spicy foods
Acidic fruits
- Caffeinated sodas
- Alcohol
- Spicy foods
- Acidic fruits