Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Cefuroxime axetil labels and packages
Principal Display Panel
NDC 0173-0387-00
Ceftin Tablets
(cefuroximeaxetil tablets)
250 mg 20 Tablets
Rx only
See package insert for Dosage and Administration.
Store between 15o and 30oC (59o and 86oF).
Replace cap securely after each opening.
GlaxoSmithKline
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Made in England
Rev. 2/02
Principal Display Panel
NDC 0173-0394-00
Ceftin Tablets
(cefuroximeaxetil tablets)
500 mg
Rx only
20 Tablets
Each tablet contains cefuroxime axetil equivalent to 500 mg of cefuroxime.
See package insert for Dosage and Administration.
Store between 15o and 30oC (59o and 86oF). Replace cap securely after each opening.
GlaxoSmithKline
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Made in England
4141667 Rev. 12/01
Principal Display Panel
NDC 0173-0740-00
Ceftin for Oral Suspension
(cefuroximeaxetil powder for oral suspension)
For Oral Use Only
125 mg per 5 mL
100 mL (when reconstituted)
Rx only
Contains 3.0 g cefuroxime axetil equivalent to 2.5 g of cefuroxime.
Phenylketonurics: Contains Phenylalanine 11.8 mg per 5 mL (1 teaspoonful) constituted suspension.
See package insert for Dosage and Administration.
Directions for Mixing Oral Suspension: Prepare the suspension at time of dispensing. Shake the bottle to loosen the powder. Remove the cap. Add 37 mL of water for reconstitution and replace the cap. Invert bottle and vigorously rock it from side to side so that water rises through the powder. Once the sound of powder against the bottle disappears, turn the bottle upright and vigorously shake it in a diagonal direction.
Before reconstitution, store dry powder between 2o and 30oC (36o and 86oF).
After reconstitution, store suspension between 2o and 8oC (36o and 46oF), in a refrigerator. SHAKE WELL BEFORE EACH USE. Replace cap securely after each opening. Discard after 10 days.
GlaxoSmithKline
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Made in England
10000000022540 Rev. 12/05
Principal Display Panel
NDC 0173-0741-10
Ceftin for Oral Suspension
(cefuroximeaxetil powder for oral suspension)
For Oral Use Only
250 mg per 5 mL
50 mL (when reconstituted)
Contains 3.6 g cefuroxime axetil equivalent to 3 g of cefuroxime.
Phenylketonurics: Contains Phenylalanine 25.2 mg per 5 mL (1 teaspoonful) constituted suspension.
See package insert for Dosage and Administration.
Directions for Mixing Oral Suspension: Prepare the suspension at time of dispensing. Shake the bottle to loosen the powder. Remove the cap. Add 19 mL of water for reconstitution and replace the cap. Invert bottle and vigorously rock it from side to side so that water rises through the powder. Once the sound of powder against the bottle disappears, turn the bottle upright and vigorously shake it in a diagonal direction.
Before reconstitution, store dry powder between 2o and 30oC (36o and 86oF).
After reconstitution, store suspension between 2o and 8oC (36o and 46oF), in a refrigerator. SHAKE WELL BEFORE EACH USE. Replace cap securely after each opening. Discard after 10 days.
GlaxoSmithKline
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Made in England
10000000022489 Rev. 12/05
Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome
Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome (COFS) is a pediatric, genetic, degenerative disorder that involves the brain and the spinal cord. It is characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, severely reduced muscle tone, and impairment of reflexes. Symptoms may include large, low-set ears, small eyes, microcephaly (abnormal smallness of the head), micrognathia (abnormal smallness of the jaws), clenched fists, wide-set nipples, vision impairments, involuntary eye movements, and mental retardation, which can be moderate or severe. Respiratory infections are frequent. COFS is diagnosed at birth. Ultrasound technology can detect fetuses with COFS at an early stage of pregnancy, as the fetus moves very little, and some of the abnormalities result, in part, from lack of movement.
A small number of individuals with COFS have a mutation in the "ERCC6" gene and are more appropriately diagnosed as having Cockayne Syndrome Type II.
Other individuals with COFS may have defects in the xeroderma pigmentosum genes "XPG" or "XPD." Still others who are diagnosed with COFS have no identifiable genetic defect and are presumably affected because of mutations in a distinct, as-yet-unknown gene.
NOTE: This disorder is not the same as Cohen's syndrome (cerebral obesity ocular skeletal syndrome).

# Treatment
Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Individuals with the disorder often require tube feeding. Because COFS is genetic, genetic counseling is available.

# Prognosis
COFS is a fatal disease. Most children do not live beyond five years.

# Research
The NINDS supports research on genetic disorders such as COFS. The goals of this research include finding ways to prevent, treat, and cure these disorders.
Chloramphenicol indications and usage
In accord with the concepts in the WARNING box and this INDICATIONS section, chloramphenicol must be used only in those serious infections for which less potentially dangerous drugs are ineffective or contraindicated.  However, chloramphenicol may be chosen to initiate antibiotic therapy on the clinical impression that one of the conditions below is believed to be present; in vitro sensitivity tests should be performed concurrently so that the drug may be discontinued as soon as possible if less potentially dangerous agents are indicated by such tests.  The decision to continue use of chloramphenicol rather than another antibiotic when both are suggested by in vitro studies to be effective against a specific pathogen should be based upon severity of the infection, susceptibility of the pathogen to the various antimicrobial drugs, efficacy of the various drugs in the infection and the important additional concepts contained in the WARNING box above.
- Acute infections caused bySalmonella typhi*
It is not recommended for the routine treatment of the typhoid carrier state.
- Serious infections caused by susceptible strains in accordance with the concepts expressed above:
a) Salmonella species
b) H. influenzae, specifically meningeal infections
c) Rickettsia
d) Lymphogranuloma-psittacosis group
e) Various gram-negative bacteria causing bacteremia, meningitis or other gram-negative infections.
f) Other susceptible organisms which have been demonstrated to be resistant to all other appropriate antimicrobial agents.
- Cystic fibrosis regimens
Chondroblastoma (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

# Overview
Chondroblastoma is a benign tumor of the bone. It is causes a tumor that is made up of cartilage. It occurs at the ends of long bones, and at the sites where the tendons attach to the long bones.

# What are the symptoms of Chondroblastoma?
The symptoms include a small amount of bone pain which is not related to activity, and some swelling at the site of the tumor. It may also cause a limp, and may cause muscle wasting at the site of the tumor.

# What causes Chondroblastoma?
The exact cause of chondroblastoma is not known.

# Who is at highest risk?
Chondroblastoma tends to occur in the teenage years, and occurs in boys more often than in girls.

# Diagnosis
Chondroblastoma may be diagnosed by history, physical examination, and plain x rays of the bone. A definite diagnosis of chondrosarcoma can only be made with bone biopsy.

# Treatment options
Chondroblastoma is treated with a combination of surgical procedures called curettage and bone grafting.

# Where to find medical care for Chondroblastoma?
Medical care for chondroblastoma can be found here.

# Prevention of Chondroblastoma
There is no known prevention for chondroblastoma.

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The prognosis for patient with chondrosarcoma is generally good. Chondrosarcoma may recur in 20 percent of cases.

# Possible complications
Chondrosarcoma that includes involvement of the articular surface, may cause arthritis. The recurrence rate of chondrosarcoma is 20 percent, and may need to be treated with a procedure called en-bloc resection.

# Sources
Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
The Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation (CDRF) is a charitable organization headquartered in Short Hills, New Jersey and dedicated to finding treatments and cures for paralysis caused by spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders. It also works to improve the quality of life for people living with disabilities.
Its roots are in the American Paralysis Foundation which was founded in 1982. In 1995, when actor Christopher Reeve was injured and became a quadriplegic as a result of a horse riding accident, he sought out the help of that organization and lent them his name and funding and eventually turned it into the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation and then the Christopher Reeve Foundation.
As of early 2006, the Foundation has awarded more than $64 million (USD) in research grants and more than $8 million in quality-of-life grants.
After Reeve's death in October 2004, his widow, Dana Reeve, assumed the role of Chair of the Foundation. Dana Reeve herself died 17 months later, in March 2006, of lung cancer after which Peter D. Kiernan, III became Chair.
On March 11, 2007, the Foundation announced that it changed its name to Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation on the first anniversary of Dana Reeve's passing. The change, according to a news release by the Foundation, was to reflect the "partnership, courage and compassion of the Reeves." 

# Mission
"The Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation is dedicated to curing spinal cord injury by funding innovative research, and improving the quality of life for people living with paralysis through grants, information and advocacy." 

# Superman Tags
In June 2006, the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation launched a campaign to raise public awareness of the CDRF and its mission by selling Superman Tags. The dogtags feature the Superman S-Shield logo and the foundation's motto, "Go Forward." Because all proceeds from the sale of the tags support the Foundation's work in finding treatments and cures for paralysis, Warner Bros. is allowing the CDRF to use the Superman logo royalty-free until the campaign ends in February 2008. The CDRF is hoping to achieve the same level of success and popularity that the Lance Armstrong Foundation has enjoyed with the LIVESTRONG wristband. Celebrities who have been "tagged" include Brandon Routh, who starred as Superman in Superman Returns; Kate Bosworth, who played Lois Lane in Superman Returns; Dean Cain, who played Superman in Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman; Erica Durance, who plays Lois Lane on Smallville; David Boreanaz; Robin Williams; and Ray Romano.
Christopher will be remembered.
Clindamycin hydrochloride description

# DESCRIPTION
Clindamycin hydrochloride is the hydrated hydrochloride salt of clindamycin. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent compound lincomycin.
CLEOCIN HCl Capsules contain clindamycin hydrochloride equivalent to 75 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg of clindamycin.
Inactive ingredients: 75 mg  corn starch, FD&C blue no. 1, FD&C yellow no. 5, gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, and talc; 150 mg  corn starch, FD&C blue no. 1, FD&C yellow no. 5, gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, talc and titanium dioxide; 300 mg  corn starch, FD&C blue no. 1, gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, talc, and titanium dioxide.
The structural formula is represented below:
The chemical name for clindamycin hydrochloride is Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo--D-galacto-octopyranoside monohydrochloride.
Concord Repatriation General Hospital
Concord Repatriation General Hospital (abbreviated CRGH), commonly referred to as simply Concord Hospital, is a major hospital in Sydney, Australia, located on Hospital Road in Concord.  It is a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney, where it is referred to as Concord Clinical School, and a major facility in the Eastern Zone of the Sydney South West Area Health Service. The NSW Statewide Severe Burn Injury Service is located at CRGH.
Parts of the television series All Saints are filmed at CRGH.

# History
Prior to the Second World War, the 16 hectare Yaralla Estate on which the hospital is built belonged to philanthropist Thomas Walker and subsequently his daughter Eadith Campbell Walker. A small hospital had already been established on the site, known as the Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital (now the Rivendell Adolescent Unit). Following the death of Dame Eadith in 1937, the property was bequeathed to the Crown for development as a public hospital.
The current hospital was commissioned in 1939 as a general hospital for the Australian Army. When completed in 1942, the 2000 bed Yaralla Military Hospital (113 Australian General Hospital) was the largest hospital in the Southern Hemisphere. The main hospital building (currently known as the Multi Building) was one of the tallest buildings in Sydney when completed and its design won architects Stephenson & Turner the Sulman Award in 1946. Following the war, the hospital became a repatriation hospital for returned servicemen under the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth government, with a change in name to Repatriation General Hospital, Concord (RGHC). In 1963 RGHC became a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney.
Recognising the growing community need, the hospital began providing care for general community patients in 1974, including the opening of an emergency department in 1977. In 1993, the hospital was transferred to the Central Sydney Area Health Service of the New South Wales Department of Health as a public hospital and renamed to the current Concord Repatriation General Hospital.

# Memorials
Although it is no longer under the jurisdiction of the Department of Veterans' Affairs, the hospital retains a historical significance to the veterans community in New South Wales. A number of memorials maintain these links, including:
- Australian Hospital Ship Centaur memorial, a stained-glass window adjacent to the main entrance of the hospital
- Kokoda Track Memorial Walkway and memorial rose garden, forming the major part of the designated route for commuting to/from Rhodes railway station.
- Anzac Day remembrance services

# Future
During mid-2006, construction work commenced on a new mental health precinct at the northern end of the hospital grounds. Once completed (expected in 2008), it has been planned that the Sydney South West Area Mental Health Service (SSWAHMS) will relocate the majority of its existing services from The Rozelle Hospital to the new facilities at CRGH.
Congenital absence of the pericardium

# Overview
Congenital absence of the pericardium or congenital defects of the pericardium (1/10,000 autopsies) comprise partial left (70%), right (17%), or total bilateral (extremely rare) pericardial absence. About 30% of patients have additional congenital abnormalities. Most patients with a total absence of pericardium are asymptomatic. However, homolateral cardiac displacement and augmented heart mobility impose an increased risk for traumatic aortic type A dissection.

# Associated congenital abnormalities
- Atrial septal defect
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Mitral stenosis
- Tetralogy of Fallot

# Pathopysiology
Normally, the aortopulmonary window is covered by pericardium and contains some fat. Most pericardial defects are partial and occur on the left side. Left-sided absence of the pericardium allows interposition of lung tissue between the aorta and the main segment of the pulmonary artery. Occasionally, there is bulging of the left atrial appendage through the defect. The heart usually rotates toward the left.

# Diagnosis
Patients who have a pericardial defect without associated congenital abnormalities are often asymptomatic. The chest x-ray is typical, but the diagnosis is confirmed by echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

## Plain film
- Apparent elevation of the cardiac apex
- Prominent pulmonary artery segment
- Lucency caused by interposition of the lung between the aorta and main pulmonary artery segment.
- In patients with complete absence of the pericardium, the size of the cardiophrenic space is increased on the frontal chest radiograph.

## CT
- Interposition of lung tissue between the aorta and the main segment of the pulmonary artery

# Treatment
Excision of the atrial appendage and surgical pericardioplasty (Dacron, Gore-tex, or bovine pericardium) is indicated for imminent strangulation.

# Complications
Partial left side defects can be complicated by cardiac strangulation caused by herniation of the left atrial appendage, atrium, or left ventricle through the defect (chest pain, shortness of breath, syncope, or sudden death).
Consumer Price Index (United Kingdom)
The Consumer Price Index is the official inflation measure of the United Kingdom.
The traditional measure of inflation in the UK for many years was the Retail Price Index (RPI), which was first calculated in the early 20th Century to evaluate the extent to which workers were affected by price changes during the first world war. An explicit inflation target was first set in October 1992 by Chancellor of the Exchequer Norman Lamont, following the UK's departure from the Exchange Rate Mechanism. Initially, the target was based on the RPIX, which is the RPI calculated excluding mortgage interest payments. This was felt to be a better measure of the effectiveness of macroeconomic policy. It was argued that if interest rates are used to curb inflation, then including mortgage payments in the inflation measure would be misleading. Until 1997, interest rates were set by the Treasury.
On winning power in May 1997, the New Labour government handed control over interest rates to the Bank of England, whose Monetary Policy Committee now sets rates on the basis of an inflation target set by the Chancellor. If in any month inflation is more than one percentage point off its target, the Governor of the Bank of England is required to write to the Chancellor explaining why.
Since 1996 the United Kingdom has also tracked a Consumer Price Index figure, and in December 2003 its inflation target was changed to one based on the CPI.  The CPI is currently 2.5%, while the RPIX (which excludes Mortgage Interest) is 3.3% and RPI is 4.3% (which includes Mortgage Interest). These figures are correct at May 2007. Both the CPI and the RPI are published monthly by the Office for National Statistics.
Delavirdine dosage and administration

# Dosage and Administration
The recommended dosage for RESCRIPTOR Tablets is 400 mg (four 100-mg or two 200-mg tablets) 3 times daily. RESCRIPTOR should be used in combination with other antiretroviral therapy. The complete prescribing information for other antiretroviral agents should be consulted for information on dosage and administration.
The 100-mg RESCRIPTOR Tablets may be dispersed in water prior to consumption. To prepare a dispersion, add four 100-mg RESCRIPTOR Tablets to at least 3 ounces of water, allow to stand for a few minutes, and then stir until a uniform dispersion occurs. The dispersion should be consumed promptly. The glass should be rinsed with water and the rinse swallowed to insure the entire dose is consumed. The 200-mg tablets should be taken as intact tablets, because they are not readily dispersed in water. Note: The 200-mg tablets are approximately one-third smaller in size than the 100-mg tablets.
RESCRIPTOR Tablets may be administered with or without food .Patients with achlorhydria should take RESCRIPTOR with an acidic beverage (e.g., orange or cranberry juice). However, the effect of an acidic beverage on the absorption of delavirdine in patients with achlorhydria has not been investigated.
Patients taking both RESCRIPTOR and antacids should be advised to take them at least 1 hour apart.
Doxycycline calcium adverse reactions

# Adverse Reactions
Due to oral doxycycline's virtually complete absorption, side effects of the lower bowel, particularly diarrhea, have been infrequent. The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines:
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region. Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving capsule and tablet forms of the drugs in the tetracycline class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)
Skin: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above. (See WARNINGS.)
Renal toxicity: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related. (See WARNINGS.)
Immune: Hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.
Other: bulging fontanels in infants and intracranial hypertension in adults. (See PRECAUTIONS  General.)
When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of the thyroid gland. No abnormalities of thyroid function studies are known to occur.
Doxycycline hyclate adverse reactions

# Adverse Reactions
Gastrointestinal
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region.  Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely.  These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines.
Skin
Maculopapular and erythematous rashes.  Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon.  Photosensitivity is discussed above (see WARNINGS).
Renal Toxicity
Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related (see WARNINGS).
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, pericarditis and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Bulging fontanels in infants and benign intracranial hypertension in adults have been reported in individuals receiving full therapeutic dosages.  These conditions disappeared rapidly when the drug was discontinued.
Blood
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia have been reported.
When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of thyroid glands.  No abnormalities of thyroid function studies are known to occur.
Duplicated collecting system overview

# Overview
Duplicated collecting system is the most common upper urinary tract anomaly, affecting nearly 15% of the population.   
Embryologically occurs when 2 separate ureteric buds arise from a single wolffian duct. The future lower pole ureter separates from Wolffian duct earlier and migrates superiorly and laterally as the urogenital sinus grows.
Weigert-Meyer rule for bladder insertion: the upper pole ureter inserts inferior and medial to lower ureter.
Alternatively, the 2 ureters may fuse to form a single ureter prior to inserting into the bladder, termed a bifid system.
The lower pole system is usually dominant, while the upper system may drain a single or few calices.
The upper pole ureter may demonstrate a ureterocele, which is associated with ureteral obstruction and recurrent UTIs in children. The upper pole ureter may also be ectopic or stenotic.