List of phytochemicals and foods they are prominent in

# Overview
While there is ample evidence to support the health benefits of diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts, evidence that these effects are due to specific nutrients or phytochemicals is limited.
The following is a list of phytochemicals present in commonly consumed foods.

# Phenolic compounds
- Monophenols
Apiole  parsley.
Carnosol  rosemary.
Carvacrol  oregano, thyme.
Dillapiole  dill.
Rosemarinol  rosemary.
- Apiole  parsley.
- Carnosol  rosemary.
- Carvacrol  oregano, thyme.
- Dillapiole  dill.
- Rosemarinol  rosemary.
- Flavonoids (polyphenols)  red, blue, purple pigments.
Flavonols
Quercetin  red and yellow onions, tea, wine, apples, cranberries, buckwheat, beans.
Gingerol  ginger.
Kaempferol  strawberries, gooseberries, cranberries, peas, brassicates, chives.
Myricetin  grapes, walnuts.
Resveratrol  grape skins and seeds, wine, nuts, peanuts.
Rutin  citrus fruits, buckwheat, parsley, tomato, apricot, rhubarb, tea.
Isorhamnetin
Flavanones
Hesperidin  citrus fruits.
Naringenin  citrus fruits.
Silybin  blessed milk thistle.
Eriodictyol
Flavones
Apigenin  chamomile, celery, parsley.
Tangeritin  tangerine and other citrus peels.
Luteolin
Flavan-3-ols
Catechins  white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas.
(+)-Catechin
(+)-Gallocatechin
(-)-Epicatechin
(-)-Epigallocatechin
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) green tea;
(-)-Epicatechin 3-gallate
Theaflavin  black tea;
Theaflavin-3-gallate  black tea;
Theaflavin-3'-gallate  black tea;
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate  black tea;
Thearubigins
Anthocyanins (flavonals) and Anthocyanidins   red wine, many red, purple or blue fruits and vegetables.
Pelargonidin  bilberry, raspberry, strawberry.
Peonidin  bilberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach.
Cyanidin  red apple & pear, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, loganberry, cocoa.
Delphinidin  bilberry, blueberry.
Malvidin  bilberry, blueberry.
Petunidin
Isoflavones (phytoestrogens)
Daidzein (formononetin)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
Genistein (biochanin A)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
Glycitein  soy.
Dihydroflavonols
Chalcones
Coumestans (phytoestrogens)
Coumestrol  red clover, alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts.
- Flavonols
Quercetin  red and yellow onions, tea, wine, apples, cranberries, buckwheat, beans.
Gingerol  ginger.
Kaempferol  strawberries, gooseberries, cranberries, peas, brassicates, chives.
Myricetin  grapes, walnuts.
Resveratrol  grape skins and seeds, wine, nuts, peanuts.
Rutin  citrus fruits, buckwheat, parsley, tomato, apricot, rhubarb, tea.
Isorhamnetin
- Quercetin  red and yellow onions, tea, wine, apples, cranberries, buckwheat, beans.
- Gingerol  ginger.
- Kaempferol  strawberries, gooseberries, cranberries, peas, brassicates, chives.
- Myricetin  grapes, walnuts.
- Resveratrol  grape skins and seeds, wine, nuts, peanuts.
- Rutin  citrus fruits, buckwheat, parsley, tomato, apricot, rhubarb, tea.
- Isorhamnetin
- Flavanones
Hesperidin  citrus fruits.
Naringenin  citrus fruits.
Silybin  blessed milk thistle.
Eriodictyol
- Hesperidin  citrus fruits.
- Naringenin  citrus fruits.
- Silybin  blessed milk thistle.
- Eriodictyol
- Flavones
Apigenin  chamomile, celery, parsley.
Tangeritin  tangerine and other citrus peels.
Luteolin
- Apigenin  chamomile, celery, parsley.
- Tangeritin  tangerine and other citrus peels.
- Luteolin
- Flavan-3-ols
Catechins  white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas.
(+)-Catechin
(+)-Gallocatechin
(-)-Epicatechin
(-)-Epigallocatechin
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) green tea;
(-)-Epicatechin 3-gallate
Theaflavin  black tea;
Theaflavin-3-gallate  black tea;
Theaflavin-3'-gallate  black tea;
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate  black tea;
Thearubigins
- Catechins  white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas.
- (+)-Catechin
- (+)-Gallocatechin
- (-)-Epicatechin
- (-)-Epigallocatechin
- (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) green tea;
- (-)-Epicatechin 3-gallate
- Theaflavin  black tea;
- Theaflavin-3-gallate  black tea;
- Theaflavin-3'-gallate  black tea;
- Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate  black tea;
- Thearubigins
- Anthocyanins (flavonals) and Anthocyanidins   red wine, many red, purple or blue fruits and vegetables.
Pelargonidin  bilberry, raspberry, strawberry.
Peonidin  bilberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach.
Cyanidin  red apple & pear, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, loganberry, cocoa.
Delphinidin  bilberry, blueberry.
Malvidin  bilberry, blueberry.
Petunidin
- Pelargonidin  bilberry, raspberry, strawberry.
- Peonidin  bilberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach.
- Cyanidin  red apple & pear, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, loganberry, cocoa.
- Delphinidin  bilberry, blueberry.
- Malvidin  bilberry, blueberry.
- Petunidin
- Isoflavones (phytoestrogens)
Daidzein (formononetin)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
Genistein (biochanin A)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
Glycitein  soy.
- Daidzein (formononetin)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
- Genistein (biochanin A)  soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes.
- Glycitein  soy.
- Dihydroflavonols
- Chalcones
- Coumestans (phytoestrogens)
Coumestrol  red clover, alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts.
- Coumestrol  red clover, alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts.
- Phenolic acids
Ellagic acid  walnuts, strawberries, cranberries, blackberries, guava, grapes.
Gallic acid  tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy.
Salicylic acid  peppermint, licorice, peanut, wheat.
Tannic acid  nettles, tea, berries.
Vanillin  vanilla beans, cloves.
Capsaicin  chilli peppers.
Curcumin  turmeric, mustard. (Oxidizes to vanillin.)
- Ellagic acid  walnuts, strawberries, cranberries, blackberries, guava, grapes.
- Gallic acid  tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy.
- Salicylic acid  peppermint, licorice, peanut, wheat.
- Tannic acid  nettles, tea, berries.
- Vanillin  vanilla beans, cloves.
- Capsaicin  chilli peppers.
- Curcumin  turmeric, mustard. (Oxidizes to vanillin.)
- Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic acid  burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple.
Chlorogenic acid  echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries.
Cinnamic acid  aloe.
Ferulic acid  oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut.
Coumarin  citrus fruits, maize.
- Caffeic acid  burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple.
- Chlorogenic acid  echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries.
- Cinnamic acid  aloe.
- Ferulic acid  oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut.
- Coumarin  citrus fruits, maize.
- Lignans (phytoestrogens)  seeds (flax, sesame, pumpkin, sunflower, poppy), whole grains (rye, oats, barley), bran (wheat, oat, rye), fruits (particularly berries) and vegetables.
Silymarin  artichokes, milk thistle.
Matairesinol  flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran and meal, oat bran, poppy seed, strawberries, blackcurrants, broccoli.
Secoisolariciresinol  flax seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, zucchini, blackcurrant, carrots.
Pinoresinol and lariciresinol    sesame seed, Brassica vegetables
- Silymarin  artichokes, milk thistle.
- Matairesinol  flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran and meal, oat bran, poppy seed, strawberries, blackcurrants, broccoli.
- Secoisolariciresinol  flax seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, zucchini, blackcurrant, carrots.
- Pinoresinol and lariciresinol    sesame seed, Brassica vegetables
- Tyrosol esters
Tyrosol  olive oil
Hydroxytyrosol  olive oil
Oleocanthal  olive oil
Oleuropein  olive oil
- Tyrosol  olive oil
- Hydroxytyrosol  olive oil
- Oleocanthal  olive oil
- Oleuropein  olive oil
- Stilbenoids
Resveratrol  grapes, peanuts;
Pterostilbene  grapes, blueberries;
Piceatannol  grapes
- Resveratrol  grapes, peanuts;
- Pterostilbene  grapes, blueberries;
- Piceatannol  grapes

# Terpenes (isoprenoids)
- Carotenoids (tetraterpenoids)
Carotenes - orange pigments
-Carotene  to vitamin A, in carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.
-Carotene  to vitamin A, in dark, leafy greens and red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
-Carotene
-Carotene
Lycopene  tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots.
Neurosporene
Phytofluene  star fruit, sweet potato, orange.
Phytoene  sweet potato, orange.
Xanthophylls - yellow pigments.
Canthaxanthin  paprika.
Cryptoxanthin  mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi.
Zeaxanthin  wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, oranges.
Astaxanthin  microalge, yeast, krill, shrimp, salmon, lobsters,  and some crabs
Lutein  spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, mango, papaya, oranges, kiwi, peaches, squash, legumes, brassicates, prunes, sweet potatoes, honeydew melon, rhubarb, plum, avocado, pear.
Rubixanthin  rose hips.
- Carotenes - orange pigments
-Carotene  to vitamin A, in carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.
-Carotene  to vitamin A, in dark, leafy greens and red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
-Carotene
-Carotene
Lycopene  tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots.
Neurosporene
Phytofluene  star fruit, sweet potato, orange.
Phytoene  sweet potato, orange.
- -Carotene  to vitamin A, in carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.
- -Carotene  to vitamin A, in dark, leafy greens and red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
- -Carotene
- -Carotene
- Lycopene  tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots.
- Neurosporene
- Phytofluene  star fruit, sweet potato, orange.
- Phytoene  sweet potato, orange.
- Xanthophylls - yellow pigments.
Canthaxanthin  paprika.
Cryptoxanthin  mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi.
Zeaxanthin  wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, oranges.
Astaxanthin  microalge, yeast, krill, shrimp, salmon, lobsters,  and some crabs
Lutein  spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, mango, papaya, oranges, kiwi, peaches, squash, legumes, brassicates, prunes, sweet potatoes, honeydew melon, rhubarb, plum, avocado, pear.
Rubixanthin  rose hips.
- Canthaxanthin  paprika.
- Cryptoxanthin  mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi.
- Zeaxanthin  wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, oranges.
- Astaxanthin  microalge, yeast, krill, shrimp, salmon, lobsters,  and some crabs
- Lutein  spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, mango, papaya, oranges, kiwi, peaches, squash, legumes, brassicates, prunes, sweet potatoes, honeydew melon, rhubarb, plum, avocado, pear.
- Rubixanthin  rose hips.
- Monoterpenes
Limonene  oils of citrus, cherries, spearmint, dill, garlic, celery, maize, rosemary, ginger, basil.
Perillyl alcohol  citrus oils, caraway, mints.
- Limonene  oils of citrus, cherries, spearmint, dill, garlic, celery, maize, rosemary, ginger, basil.
- Perillyl alcohol  citrus oils, caraway, mints.
- Saponins  soybeans, beans, other legumes, maize, alfalfa.
- Lipids
Phytosterols  almonds, cashews, peanuts, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, whole wheat, maize, soybeans, many vegetable oils.
Campesterol - buckwheat.
beta Sitosterol  avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat.
gamma sitosterol
Stigmasterol  buckwheat.
Tocopherols (vitamin E)
-mega-3,6,9 fatty acids  dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts.
gamma-linolenic acid  evening primrose, borage, blackcurrant.
- Phytosterols  almonds, cashews, peanuts, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, whole wheat, maize, soybeans, many vegetable oils.
Campesterol - buckwheat.
beta Sitosterol  avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat.
gamma sitosterol
Stigmasterol  buckwheat.
- Campesterol - buckwheat.
- beta Sitosterol  avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat.
- gamma sitosterol
- Stigmasterol  buckwheat.
- Tocopherols (vitamin E)
- omega-3,6,9 fatty acids  dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts.
gamma-linolenic acid  evening primrose, borage, blackcurrant.
- gamma-linolenic acid  evening primrose, borage, blackcurrant.
- Triterpenoid
Oleanolic acid - American pokeweed, java apple, cloves, honey mesquite, garlic, many Syzygium species.
Ursolic acid - apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, prunes.
Betulinic acid - Ber tree, white birch, Sytropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum and Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), many Syzygium species.
Moronic acid - Rhus javanica (a sumac), mistletoe
- Oleanolic acid - American pokeweed, java apple, cloves, honey mesquite, garlic, many Syzygium species.
- Ursolic acid - apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, prunes.
- Betulinic acid - Ber tree, white birch, Sytropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum and Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), many Syzygium species.
- Moronic acid - Rhus javanica (a sumac), mistletoe

# Betalains
- Betalains
Betacyanins
betanin - beets
isobetanin - beets
probetanin - beets
neobetanin - beets
Betaxanthins (non glycosidic versions)
Indicaxanthin - beets, sicilian prickly pear
Vulgaxanthin - beets
- Betacyanins
betanin - beets
isobetanin - beets
probetanin - beets
neobetanin - beets
- betanin - beets
- isobetanin - beets
- probetanin - beets
- neobetanin - beets
- Betaxanthins (non glycosidic versions)
Indicaxanthin - beets, sicilian prickly pear
Vulgaxanthin - beets
- Indicaxanthin - beets, sicilian prickly pear
- Vulgaxanthin - beets

# Organosulfides
- Dithiolthiones (isothiocyanates)
Sulphoraphane  Brassicates.
- Sulphoraphane  Brassicates.
- Thiosulphonates (allium compounds)
Allyl methyl trisulfide  garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.
Diallyl sulfide  garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.
- Allyl methyl trisulfide  garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.
- Diallyl sulfide  garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots.

# Indoles, glucosinolates
- Indole-3-carbinol  cabbage, kale, brussels sprouts, rutabaga, mustard greens.
- sulforaphane - broccoli family
- 3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM - broccoli family
- Sinigrin - broccoli family
- Allicin - garlic
- Alliin - garlic
- Allyl isothiocyanate - horseradish, mustard, wasabi
- Piperine - black pepper
- Syn-propanethial-S-oxide - cut onions.

# Protein inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors  soy, seeds, legumes, potatoes, eggs, cereals.

# Other organic acids
- Oxalic acid  orange, spinach, rhubarb, tea and coffee, banana, ginger, almond, sweet potato, bell pepper.
- Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate)  cereals, nuts, sesame seeds, soybeans, wheat, pumpkin, beans, almonds.
- Tartaric acid  apricots, apples, sunflower, avocado, grapes.
- Anacardic acid -  cashews, mangoes.