Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Maf recognition element gene transcriptions
Large "and small  Maf proteins are able to form homodimers that recognize the Maf recognition element (MARE)."
bZIP Maf is a domain found in Maf transcription factor proteins that contains a leucine zipper (bZIP) domain, which mediates the transcription factor's dimerization and DNA binding properties with DNA motifs termed the Maf recognition elements (MAREs) that are 13 or 14 base pairs long such that the two residues at the beginning of helix H2 are positioned to recognize the flanking region of the DNA.

# Human genes

# Interactions

# Consensus sequences
"Maf factors recognize relatively long palindromic DNA sequences, TGCTGA(G/C)TCAGCA and TGCTGA(GC/CG)TCAGCA, which are now known as Maf recognition elements (MAREs)."

# Samplings
Copying an apparent consensus sequence for the MARE of TGCTGA or TCAGCA and putting it in "F" finds none located between ZSCAN22 and A1BG but using TCAGCA alone finds five between ZNF497 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA (starting with SuccessablesMARE.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- positive strand, negative direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- positive strand, positive direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- negative strand, positive direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for TGCTGA(C/G)TCAGCA, 0.
- inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
- inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for ACGACT(C/G)AGTCGT, 0.
Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons
MRCS is a professional qualification for surgeons in the UK and Ireland
It means Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.
There are 4 surgical colleges in the UK & Ireland:
- The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
- The Royal College of Surgeons of England
- The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Each college used to hold examinations independently, but latterly to a common syllabus. However, in January 2004, the four colleges switched over to a common examination, known as the Intercollegiate MRCS.
The separate qualifications used to be Fellowships (F.R.C.S.), but a new set of higher fellowships in specialised fields such as orthopaedics, urology, etc, has been set up to be taken at the end of Higher Surgical Training: this is now the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons.
The new M.R.C.S. is originally decided to be taken at the end of Basic Surgical Training. However in recent years interns are allowed to take certain parts of the examination.
This qualification should not be confused with the old M.R.C.S. which was paired with the L.R.C.P. to form the Conjoint diploma, a now defunct initial qualification in medicine.
Although this and many other Royal College membership and fellowship examinations appear to be designed for medical practice in Britain and Ireland, most of candidates are graduates from the Third World studying or working in the UK and Ireland, mostly with a view to returning abroad.
In response to this demand the colleges have begun to hold some of their examinations abroad.
Menstrual disorders resident survival guide
Synonyms and keywords:

# Overview
This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom.  The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

# Causes

## Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Life threatening cause 1
- Life threatening cause 2
- Life threatening cause 3

## Common Causes
- Common cause 1
- Common cause 2
- Common cause 3
- Common cause 4
- Common cause 5

# Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of ] according the the  guidelines.

# Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of ] according the the  guidelines.

# Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.

# Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Methenamine mandelate indications and usage

# Indications and Usage
Methenamine mandelate, USP is indicated for the suppression or elimination of bacteriuria associated with pyelonephritis, cystitis, and other chronic urinary tract infections; also for infected residual urine sometimes accompanying neurologic diseases. When used as recommended, methenamine mandelate, USP is particularly suitable for long-term therapy because of its safety and because resistance to the nonspecific bactericidal action of formaldehyde does not develop.  Pathogens resistant to other antibacterial agents may respond to methenamine mandelate, USP because of the nonspecific effect of formaldehyde formed in an acid urine.
Prophylactic Use Rationale: Urine is a good culture medium for many urinary pathogens. Inoculation by a few organisms (relapse or reinfection) may lead to bacteriuria in susceptible individuals. Thus, the rationale of management in recurring urinary tract infection (bacteriuria) is to change the urine from a growth-supporting to a growth-inhibiting medium. There is a growing body of evidence that long-term administration of methenamine mandelate, USP can prevent the recurrence of bacteriuria in patients with chronic pyelonephritis.
Therapeutic Use Rationale: Methenamine mandelate, USP helps to sterilize the urine, and in some situations in which underlying pathologic conditions prevent sterilization by any means, it can help to suppress the bacteriuria. Methenamine mandelate, USP should not be used alone for acute infections with parenchymal involvement causing systemic symptoms such as chills and fever. A thorough diagnostic investigation as a part of the overall management of the urinary tract infection should accompany the use of methenamine mandelate, USP.
Methylergonovine Oral (patient information)

# Why this medication is prescribed
Methylergonovine belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. Methylergonovine is used to prevent or treat bleeding from the uterus that can happen after childbirth or an abortion.
This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

# How this medication should be used
Methylergonovine comes as a tablet to take by mouth three or four times a day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take methylergonovine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

# Special precautions
Before taking methylergonovine:
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to methylergonovine, other ergot alkaloids (Cafergot, Ergostat, Bellergal), or any other drugs.
- tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other ergot alkaloids and vitamins.
- tell your doctor if you have or have ever had high blood pressure or blood vessel, heart, kidney, or liver disease.
- tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking methylergonovine, call your doctor.

# What to do if you forget a dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

# Side effects

## Minor side effects
Methylergonovine may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- upset stomach
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- headache
- bad taste in mouth

## Severe side effects
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
- seizures
- chest pain
- fast heartbeat
- difficulty breathing
- dizziness
- ringing in the ears
- leg cramps
- skin rash
If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online  or by phone .

# Storage conditions needed for this medication
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature, away from light and excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

# In case of emergency/overdose
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.

# Other information
Keep all appointments with your doctor.
Do not let anyone else take your medication. Your prescription probably is not refillable. If you still have symptoms after you finish the methylergonovine, call your doctor.

# Brand names
- Methergine
- Methylergometrine
Methysergide patient counseling information

# Information for Patients
Sansert (methysergide maleate) is intended for use as a preventive agent in the treatment of vascular headaches. It should not be used for acute migraine attacks. If, after a 3-week trial period, Sansert (methysergide maleate) has not been effective in decreasing the frequency or intensity of headaches, it is unlikely that longer administration of Sansert (methysergide maleate) will be beneficial.
Patients should be advised to report the following symptoms immediately and to discontinue the drug: cold, numb, and painful hands and feet; leg cramps on walking; any type of girdle, flank, or chest pain; shortness of breath; or any associated symptomatology. There must be a drug-free interval of 3-4 weeks after each 6-month course of treatment.
Sansert (methysergide maleate) should be taken with meals. Weight gain may necessitate modification of diet.
Minocycline hydrochloride adverse reactions

# Adverse Reactions
Due to oral minocycline's virtually complete absorption, side effects to the lower bowel, particularly diarrhea, have been infrequent. The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines.
Gastrointestinal
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, pancreatitus, inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, and increases in liver enzymes have been reported. Rarely, hepatitis and liver failure have been reported. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and the parenteral administration of tetracyclines. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients taking the tetracycline-class antibiotics in capsule and tablet form. Most of these patients took the medication immediately before going to bed (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Skin
Maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Fixed drug eruptions have been rarely reported. Lesions occurring on the glans penis have caused balanitis. Erythema multiforme and rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported. Photosensitivity is discussed above (see WARNINGS). Pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes has been reported.
Renal toxicity
Elevations in BUN have been reported and are apparently dose related (see WARNINGS). Acute renal failure has been rarely reported and, in most cases, has been reversible.
Hypersensitivity reactions
Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, polyarthralgia, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, pericarditis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus and rarely pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia have been reported. A lupus-like syndrome and serum sickness-like reactions also have been reported.
Blood
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.
Central Nervous System
Bulging fontanels in infants and benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) in adults (see PRECAUTIONS-General) have been reported. Headache has also been reported.
Other
When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of the thyroid glands. Very rare cases of abnormal thyroid function have been reported.
Tooth discoloration in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age (see WARNINGS) and also, rarely, in adults has been reported.
Tinnitus and decreased hearing have been rarely reported in patients on minocycline hydrochloride.
Mucopolysaccharidosis (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

# Overview
Mucopolysaccharides are long chains of sugar molecules that are found throughout the body, often in mucus and in fluid around the joints. They are more commonly called glycosaminoglycans.
When the body cannot break down mucopolysaccharides, a condition called mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) occurs. MPS refers to a group of inherited disorders of metabolism. People with MPS do not have any, or enough of, a substance (enzyme) needed to break down the sugar molecule chains.

# What are the symptoms of (condition)?
These conditions cause mucopolysaccharides to build up in body tissues. This can damage organs, including the heart. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Abnormal features of the face
- Bone, cartilage, and connective tissue deformities
- Mental retardation

# Types of Mucopolysaccharidosis
Forms of MPS include:
- Hunter syndrome
- Hurler syndrome
- Sanfilippo syndrome
- Scheie syndrome
- Morquio syndrome

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if:
- You have a family history of mucopolysaccharidosis and are considering having children.
- Your child begins to show symptoms of mucopolysaccharidosis.

# Diagnosis
- EKG
- Genetic testing for defective gene
- Urine tests
- X-ray of the spine
- Enzyme study

# Treatment options
- Enzyme replacement therapy adds a working form of the missing enzyme to the body.
- Bone marrow transplant has been used in several patients with this condition. The treatment has had mixed results.
- Other treatments depend on the organs that are affected.

# Where to find medical care for (condition)?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Mucopolysaccharidosis

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Prognosis depends on the type of mucopolysaccharidosis. Prognosis is usually poor if the disease has an early onset and is severe.

# Possible complications
- Loss of ability to complete daily living activities
- Joint stiffness that leads to contractures
- Mental function that gets worse over time

# Sources
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

# Overview
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+, in older notation TPN) is used in anabolic reactions, such as fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+, and NADP+ is the oxidized form of NADPH.

# In plants
In chloroplasts, NADP is reduced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis. The NADPH produced is then used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
NADP ions in photosynthesis may be seen as 'dragging' hydrogen ions along with them (in the light-dependent cycles), which are used by the light-independent (Calvin) cycles to produce carbohydrates.

# In animals
The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is the major source of NADPH in cells.
NADPH provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and for oxidation-reduction involved in protection against the toxicity of ROS (reactive oxygen species).
NADPH is also used for anabolic pathways, such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid chain elongation.
It is the source of reducing equivalents for cytochrome 450 hydroxylation of aromatic compounds, steroids, alcohols, and drugs.
- Ball-and-stick model of NADP+
- Ball-and-stick model of NADPH
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse(NDIC) is an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health, which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Established in 1978, the Clearinghouse provides information about diabetes to people with diabetes and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about diabetes.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.
National Public Health Institute of Finland
National Public Health Institute of Finland (NPHI, in Finnish: Kansanterveyslaitos (KTL)) has a duty to promote health and prevent disease. NPHI researches public health and monitors diseases. NPHI also acquires the vaccines paid by the government.
NPHI's website

# External funding
External funding covers approximately 40% of all of the Institutes costs. NPHI's policy is to secure as much external funding as possible to guarantee the implementation of its action plans. . NPHI also does research with private funds in the fields of vaccines and nutrition.
Private funding has drawn criticism from some NGOs.  

# Sources
-  GOOD RESEARCH PRACTICE IN THE NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE B4/2006
-   (in Finnish)
-  Breastfeeding Support Association in Finland: Informed consent missing in infant formula study in Finland - public health policy issues regarding commercial interests
Neonatal polycythemia (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Synonyms and Keywords: Hyperviscosity - newborn

# Overview
Hyperviscosity of the newborn is the slowing and blockage of blood flow that results when there are too many red blood cells in an infant's blood.

# What are the symptoms of Neonatal polycythemia?
Symptoms may include:
- Extreme sleepiness
- Feeding problems
- Seizures
- Very ruddy (red) skin color

# What causes Neonatal polycythemia?
- Hyperviscosity can occur when the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the infant's blood,, called the hematocrit, is greater than 65%. This may result from various conditions that develop before birth, such as:
- Birth defects
- Delay in clamping the umbilical cord
- Diabetes in the baby's birth mother
- Inherited diseases
- Not enough oxygen reaching body tissues (hypoxia)
- Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, which occurs when blood moves from one twin to the other.
- The extra RBCs can block the flow of blood in the smallest blood vessels. This may lead to tissue death from lack of oxygen. This blocked blood flow can affect all organs, including the kidneys, lungs, and brain.

# Diagnosis
- There may be signs of breathing problems, kidney failure, and newborn jaundice.
- If the baby has symptoms of hyperviscosity, a blood test to count the number of red blood cells will be done. This test is called a hematocrit.
- Other tests may include:
- Blood gases to check oxygen level in the blood
- Blood sugar (glucose) to check for low blood sugar
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), a substance that forms when protein breaks down
- Creatinine, a substance produced by muscles that can build up in the blood if the kidneys aren't working properly
- Urinalysis

# Treatment options
- The baby will be monitored for complications of hyperviscosity.
- If needed, an exchange transfusion will be done to lower the amount of red blood cells that are moving through the baby's blood vessels.
- Other treatment may include increasing body fluids.

# Where to find medical care for Neonatal polycythemia?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Neonatal polycythemia

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- The outlook is good for infants with mild hyperviscosity and those who receive treatment for severe hyperviscosity.
- Some children may have mild changes in neurological development. Parents who believe their child may show any signs of developmental delay should contact their health care provider.

# Possible complications
Complications may include:
- Death of intestinal tissue (necrotizing enterocolitis)
- Decreased fine motor control
- Kidney failure
- Seizures
- Strokes

# Source
Penicillin G procaine clinical pharmacology

# Clinical Pharmacology
Penicillin G benzathine and penicillin G procaine have a low solubility and, thus, the drugs are slowly released from intramuscular injection sites. The drugs are hydrolyzed to penicillin G. This combination of hydrolysis and slow absorption results in blood serum levels much lower but more prolonged than other parenteral penicillins.
Intramuscular administration of 600,000 units of Bicillin C-R in adults usually produces peak blood levels of 1.0 to 1.3 units per mL within 3 hours; this level falls to an average concentration of 0.32 units per mL at 12 hours, 0.19 units per mL at 24 hours, and 0.03 units per mL at seven days.
Intramuscular administration of 1,200,000 units of Bicillin C-R in adults usually produces peak blood levels of 2.1 to 2.6 units per mL within 3 hours; this level falls to an average concentration of 0.75 units per mL at 12 hours, 0.28 units per mL at 24 hours, and 0.04 units per mL at seven days.
Approximately 60% of penicillin G is bound to serum protein. The drug is distributed throughout the body tissues in widely varying amounts. Highest levels are found in the kidneys with lesser amounts in the liver, skin, and intestines. Penicillin G penetrates into all other tissues and the spinal fluid to a lesser degree. With normal kidney function, the drug is excreted rapidly by tubular excretion. In neonates and young infants and in individuals with impaired kidney function, excretion is considerably delayed.