Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Fluticasone overdose

# Overdosage topics
General
Tolerance
Adverse reactions

## General
Chronic overdosage may result in signs/symptoms of hypercorticism. Return to top

## Tolerance
Inhalation by healthy volunteers of a single dose of 1,760 or 3,520 mcg of fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol was well tolerated. Fluticasone propionate given by inhalation aerosol at doses of 1,320 mcg twice daily for 7 to 15 days to healthy human volunteers was also well tolerated. Repeat oral doses up to 80 mg daily for 10 days in healthy volunteers and repeat oral doses up to 20 mg daily for 42 days in patients were well tolerated. Return to top

## Adverse reactions
Adverse reactions were of mild or moderate severity, and incidences were similar in active and placebo treatment groups. The oral and subcutaneous median lethal doses in rats and mice were >1,000 mg/kg (>2,000 times the maximum human daily inhalation dose based on mg/m2). Return to top
Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.
Forward head posture
Forward Head Posture is the anterior positioning of the cervical spine that is characteristic of forward head posture.
It is a posture problem that is caused by several factors including sleeping with the head elevated too high, extended use of computers, lack of developed back muscle strength and lack of nutrients such as calcium. 
Individuals who display this posture are often associated with geek culture due to the awkward appearance that is caused when moving.
Edward Norton is one notable individual who appears to display the posture at times.
Foscarnet overdosage

# Overdosage
In controlled clinical trials performed in the United States, overdosage with FOSCAVIR was reported in 10 out of 189 patients. All 10 patients experienced adverse events and all except one made a complete recovery. One patient died after receiving a total daily dose of 12.5 g for three days instead of the intended 10.9 g. The patient suffered a grand mal seizure and became comatose. Three days later the patient expired with the cause of death listed as respiratory/cardiac arrest. The other nine patients received doses ranging from 1.14 times to 8 times their recommended doses with an average of 4 times their recommended doses. Overall, three patients had seizures, three patients had renal function impairment, four patients had paresthesias either in limbs or periorally, and five patients had documented electrolyte disturbances primarily involving calcium and phosphate.
Overdose (up to 20 times the recommended dose) has been reported in post-marketing use of FOSCAVIR. Some of these post-marketing reports were relative overdoses in that the dose of FOSCAVIR had not been adjusted in patients with a reduced renal function. The pattern of adverse events associated with a FOSCAVIR overdose is consistent with the known adverse event profile of the drug.
There is no specific antidote for FOSCAVIR overdose. Hemodialysis and hydration may be of benefit in reducing drug plasma levels in patients who receive an overdosage of FOSCAVIR, but the effectiveness of these interventions has not been evaluated. The patient should be observed for signs and symptoms of renal impairment and electrolyte imbalance. Medical treatment should be instituted if clinically warranted.
Fossa ovalis (heart)

# Overview
Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth.  During adult life, it is seen as an oval depression in the inferior part of the interatrial septum.   The floor of the foramen ovale constitutes the fused wall of the septum primum . Occasionally, fusion is incomplete and the superior part of the floor shows a communication through to the left atrium and this is known as a patent foramen ovale.
At the superior margin of the fossa ovalis is the limbus fossae ovalis.

# Clinical significance
Failure of the foramen ovale to close results in a disorder known as patent foramen ovale.
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate (also known as the Neuberg ester) is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6 (ie. is a fructosephosphate). The -D-form of this compound is very common in cells, the vast majority of glucose and fructose entering a cell will become converted to this at some point. The name Neuberg ester comes from the German biochemist Carl Neuberg.

# History
In 1918, Carl Neuberg found that the compound (only later identified as fructose 6-phosphate) could be produced by mild acid hydrolysis of "Harden-Young ester" (fructose 2,6-bisphosphate).

# Fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis
Fructose 6-phosphate lies within the glycolysis metabolic pathway and is produced by isomerisation of glucose 6-phosphate. It is in turn further phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

# Fructose 6-phosphate isomerism
Fructose 6-phosphate has only one biologically active isomer, the -D-form. There are many other isomers, analogous to those of fructose.
Fundus albipunctatus

# Overview
It is called albipunctatus fundus to a hereditary eye disease in which lack of vision in low light conditions (there is night blindness ) and a characteristic feature of the fundus , with numerous points of whitish located in the retina , the eye portion in which cells are sensitive to light, ie the cones and rods . This trastono should be distinguished from retinitis punctata albescens , which is a different and more serious eye disease, although some scholars believe that both diseases are related.
It is inherited in a pattern autosomal recessive , meaning that both parents must carry the gene abnormal for your child this disease. The mutation is located in the gene RDH5 that is located on the long arm of chromosome 12 and encodes the enzyme 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase.
The symptoms are present since childhood and do not change in intensity over time, is poor night vision and dark adaptation is delayed, however, the visual acuity under good ambient light is almost normal and the visual field It is conserved. The condition is not severe or progressive, so not prevent the development of activities of the affected person can function in daily life relatively normal. There is no established treatment to cure the condition.
Fuzzy measure theory
Fuzzy measure theory considers a number of special classes of measures, each of which is characterized by a special property. Some of the measures used in this theory are plausibility and belief measures, fuzzy set membership function and the classical probability measures. In the fuzzy measure theory, the conditions are precise, but the information about an element alone is insufficient to determine which special classes of measure should be used. The central concept of fuzzy measure theory is fuzzy measure, which was introduced by Sugeno in 1974.

# Axioms
Fuzzy measure can be considered as generalization of the classical probability measure. A fuzzy measure g over a set X (the universe of discourse with the subsets E, F, ...) satisfies the following conditions:
1. When E is the empty set then 
g(E)=0.
2. When E is a subset of F, 
then g(E)\leq g(F).
A fuzzy measure g is called normalized
if g(X)=1.

# Examples of Fuzzy Measures

## Sugeno \lambda-measure
The Sugeno \lambda-measure is a special case of fuzzy measures defined iteratively. It has the following definition

### Definition
Let X = \left\lbrace x_1,...,x_n  \right\rbrace   be a finite set and let \lambda \in (-1,+\infty). A Sugeno \lambda-measure is a function g from 2^X to  with properties:
- g(X) = 1.
- if A, B \subseteq 2^X with A \cap B = \emptyset then g(A \cup B) =g(A)+g(B)+\lambda g(A)g(B).
As a convention, the value of g at a singleton set \left\lbrace x_i \right\rbrace 
is called a density and is denoted by g_i = g(\left\lbrace x_i \right\rbrace). In addition, we have that \lambda satisfies the property
 \lambda +1 = \prod_{i=1}^n (1+\lambda g_i) .
Tahani and Keller as well as Wang and Klir have showed that that once the densities are known, it is possible to use the previous polynomial to obtain the values of \lambda uniquely.
GTP cyclohydrolase I
GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) (EC 3.5.4.16) is a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family of enzymes. GTPCH is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (7,8-DHNP-3'-TP, 7,8-NH2-3'-TP).

# Gene
GTPCH is encoded by the gene GCH1. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described; however, not all of the variants give rise to a functional enzyme.

# Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene are associated with malignant phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), as well as GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency. Deficiency of GTP cyclohydrolase I can occur in a recessive and in a dominant form and lead to a lack of certain neurotrasmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin). The dominant form, with mutation in only one of the two alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I, causes dopamine-responsive dystonia, characterized by childhood-onset dystonia. Patients with the recessive form have mutations in both alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I. Patients present with developmental delays and neurological dysfunction with trunk hypotonia, hypertonia of the extremities, abnormal movements, tremors, convulsions, and sometimes autonomic dysfunction. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).

# Function
The transcribed protein is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (THB, BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of GTP into 7,8-DHNP-3'-TP. THB is an essential cofactor required by the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the biosynthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and nitric oxide (NO), respectively.
The GRACE risk score

# Overview
The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score has been developed for the assessment of the risk of death among patients with acute coronary syndrome.  There is a GRACE risk score for the estimation of in-hospital mortality and another for mortality in the period from the time of hospital discharge up to 6 months.

# Grace Risk Score for In-Hospital Mortality

## Calculation of Grace Risk Score for In-Hospital Mortality
The total GRACE risk score is calculated by adding the points assigned to the different variable shown below. The highest total possible score 363.

## Interpretation of Grace Risk Score for In-Hospital Mortality
A nomogram for the probability in-hospital mortality has been developed based on the GRACE score.  Shown below is the probability of in-hospital mortality by the corresponding GRACE score value.

# Grace Risk Score for All-Cause Mortality From Discharge to 6 Months

## Calculation of the GRACE Score for All-Cause Mortality From Discharge to 6 Months
The total GRACE risk score is calculated by adding the points assigned to the different variable shown below. The highest total possible score 263.

## Interpretation of the GRACE Score for All-Cause Mortality From Discharge to 6 Months
Gas diffusion method

# Overview
Gas diffusion refers to a sterilization method for heat, moisture or pressure sensitive items, with the exception of food, drugs or liquids. This method is reliable and economically feasible for smaller loads and is frequently seen in hospitals, veterinarian practices and medical device manufacturing practices where it is frequently used for non-autoclavable items.
Gas diffusion sterilization relies on the use of a bag containing an ampoule of liquid ethylene oxide (EtO) which, upon activation, evaporates and diffuses through the containing bag into a second bag containing the items to be sterilized. Once there, it sterilizes on contact given the proper temperature (50 degrees Celsius) and humidity.
The gas diffusion sterilization is a proprietary method developed by Andersen Products in 1958 and subsequently used by the Anprolene (EPA registered in 1968) and EOGas sterilizers.
Interchangeable names for this method are 'micro-dose sterilization" or "bag method" because of the use of a bag and the fact that it uses under 18g per sterilization load as opposed to the traditional use of tanks that weight several pounds in use by the conventional EtO sterilization chambers.
Mendelson's syndrome
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Synonyms and keywords: Gastric content aspiration; inhaled vomitus; Mendelson syndrome; aspiration, gastric contents

# Overview
Mendelson's syndrome is chemical pneumonia caused by aspiration during anaesthesia, especially during pregnancy.
Mendelson's syndrome is characterised by a bronchopulmonary reaction following aspiration of gastric contents during general anaesthesia due to abolition of the laryngeal reflexes. The main clinical features, which may become evident within two to five hours after anaesthesia, consist of cyanosis, dyspnoea, pulmonary wheeze, crepitant rales, bronchi, decreased arterial oxygen tension, and tachyardia, associated with a high BP. Pulmonary oedema can cause sudden death or death may occur later from pulmonary complications. It occurs predominantly in association with obstetric anaesthesia.
Gastrocnemius muscle

# Overview
The gastrocnemius muscle (pronounced Template:IPA) is a powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from its 2 heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle.
The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. It originates from the posterior (back) surfaces of the distal head of the femur. Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone.
Deep to the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle, some anatomists consider both to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "unlocking" the knee from the standing position. On the other side of the fascia are the tibialis posterior muscle, the flexor digitorum longus muscle, and the flexor hallucis longus muscle, along with the posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial vein and the tibial nerve. Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial midshaft of the tibia.

# Additional Information
The gastrocnemius muscle is very prone to spasms; the painful, involuntarily, contraction of the muscle for up to several minutes. It is commonly known as a "charley horse".
This muscle is prone to injury called torn calf muscle which is disabling. See Calf muscle
The Gastrocnemius muscle may also become inflamed due to overuse. Anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy may be necessary.

# Additional images
- Right femur. Posterior surface.
- Cross-section through middle of leg.
- Back of left lower extremity.
GaussMarkov process
GaussMarkov stochastic processes (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Andrey Markov) are stochastic processes that satisfy the requirements for both Gaussian processes and Markov processes.
Every Gauss-Markov process X(t) possesses the three following properties:
- If h(t) is a non-zero scalar function of t, then Z(t) = h(t)X(t) is also a Gauss-Markov process
- If f(t) is a non-decreasing scalar function of t, then Z(t) = X(f(t)) is also a Gauss-Markov process
- There exists a non-zero scalar function h(t) and a non-decreasing scalar function f(t) such that X(t) = h(t)W(f(t)), where W(t) is the standard Wiener process.
Property (3) means that every GaussMarkov process can be synthesized from the standard Wiener process (SWP).

# Properties
A stationary GaussMarkov process with variance \textbf{E}(X^{2}(t)) = \sigma^{2} and time constant \beta^{-1} have the following properties.
Exponential autocorrelation:
(Power) spectral density function:
The above yields the following spectral factorisation:
he: -
George Brown College
George Brown College (GBC) is a public, fully-accredited college of applied arts and technology with three full campuses in downtown Toronto, Ontario. Like many other colleges in Ontario, GBC was founded in 1967 by the government of Ontario.
The college is named after George Brown, who was an important 19th century politician and newspaper publisher (he founded the Toronto Globe, forerunner to The Globe and Mail) and was one of the Fathers of Confederation.
The college offers a wide variety of programs in art and design, business, community services and early childhood, construction and engineering technologies, health sciences, hospitality and culinary arts, preparatory studies, as well as specialized programs and services for recent immigrants and international students.
It offers 66 diploma programs, as well as five degree programs, one in conjunction with Ryerson University). An additional 45 certificate programs and 33 post-graduate programs round out the college's full-time offering.
There are also over 1000 continuing education courses available.  Currently, there are about 14,000 full-time students, as well as over 55,000 part-time and continuing education students.
George Brown is also the largest distance education college in Canada, with 12,000 students studying in over 30 countries.  The most popular distance education program offered by the college is its award-winning  Electronics Technician distance education program.

# Casa Loma campus
The largest of the campuses of GBC, Casa Loma campus is situated on the stretch of Kendal Ave. between Davenport Rd. and MacPherson Ave. Nearby features include Casa Loma, and the City of Toronto Archives. The Dupont subway station (on the YUS line) is a mere three minute walk from the campus.
The campus itself is a collection of five buildings. These buildings are:
- Dentistry.
- The main building of the campus. 160 Kendal Ave.
- ESL and building technologies.
- The new student centre building. 146 Kendal Ave.
- Finance and student records. 500 McPherson Ave.
In 2004, the old and unused A building was torn down to create a green space on campus.

# St. James campus
This campus is made of three buildings. The first is a large and internally misshapen brick building at 200 King St. E. The second and third are located at 290 and 300 Adelaide St. East and are connected. They are home to Financial Services, Creative Arts , Business Administration and the faculty of Hospitality and Tourism. This campus is where the chef school is located.

# Ryerson University campus
This associate 'campus' is essentially a collection of offices and classrooms in Kerr Hall at Ryerson University. The address is 99 Gerrard St. E.
The schools team name is the Huskies.
Varsity sports at George Brown include:
- Alpine Skiing
- Badminton
- Basketball
- Golf
- Snowboarding
- Soccer
- Volleyball - womens
Palatoglossus muscle

# Overview
The palatoglossus (glossopalatinus) is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch.
It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus lingu.

# Action
Elevates posterior tongue, closes the oropharyngeal isthmus, and aids initiation of swallowing.

# Innervation
The palatoglossus is the only muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). Rather, the palatoglossus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus.
Glycerol 3-phosphate

# Overview
Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway.  (It should not be confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.)

# Function
Dehydrogenation of L-glycerol 3-phosphate produces DHAP and is part of the entry of glycerol (sourced from triglycerides) into the glycolytic pathway.
The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle of mammals.
Gnathostoma hispidum

# Overview
Gnathostoma hispidum is a nematode (roundworm) that infects many vertebrate animals including humans. Infection of Gnathostoma hispidum, like many species of Gnathostoma causes the disease gnathostomiasis due to the migration of immature worms in the tissues.

# Life cyle
In the natural definitive host (pigs, cats, dogs, wild animals), the adult worms reside in a tumor which they induce in the gastric wall. They deposit eggs that are unembryonated when passed in the feces. Eggs become embryonated in water, and eggs release first-stage larvae. If ingested by a small crustacean (Cyclops, first intermediate host), the first-stage larvae develop into second-stage larvae. Following ingestion of the Cyclops by a fish, frog, or snake (second intermediate host), the second-stage larvae migrate into the flesh and develop into third-stage larvae. When the second intermediate host is ingested by a definitive host, the third-stage larvae develop into adult parasites in the stomach wall. Alternatively, the second intermediate host may be ingested by the paratenic host (animals such as birds, snakes, and frogs) in which the third-stage larvae do not develop further but remain infective to the next predator. Humans become infected by eating undercooked fish or poultry containing third-stage larvae, or reportedly by drinking water containing infective second-stage larvae in Cyclops.
New research has just found to have linked snakes, such as Gloydius blomhoffii and Dinodon rufozonatum as intermediate hosts for Gnathostoma hispidum.

# Distribution
Gnathostomiasis is an endemic disease which is often seen to be in the areas of Asian countries such as Thailand, Japan, China, and in South America. A new surge of gnathostomiaisis are being found in Korea and Mexico due to importation of copepods. The most common incident of gnathostomiasis is found in Japan and Thailand due to the consumption of flesh loaches. This is partly caused by the loach-fish contaminated with infective larvae of Gnathostoma that some Japanese gourmets like to eat live. These fish have mainly been imported from other Asian countries.

# Clinical diagnosis and treatment
The medical signs in human gnathostomiasis are caused by migration of the immature worms (L3s). Migration in the subcutaneous tissues causes intermittent, migratory, painful, pruritic swellings (cutaneous larva migrans). Migration to other tissues (visceral larva migrans), can result in cough, hematuria, and ocular involvement, with the most serious manifestations eosinophilic meningitis with myeloencephalitis. High eosinophilia is present.
Surgical removal or treatment with albendazole or ivermectin is recommended. For additional information, see the recommendations in The Medical Letter (Drugs for Parasitic Infections).