Division of Criteria Documentation and Standards Development, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, had primary responsibility for the development of the criteria and recommended standard for Nitroglycerin and Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate. Anthony E. Romero of this Division served as criteria manager. SRI International developed the basic information for consideration by NIOSH staff and consultants under contract CDC-99-74-31. The Division review of this document was provided by J.#
(e) Employees who may be occupationally exposed to NG or EGDN shall be counseled by the physician so that each is aware that headache, dizziness, palpitations, and nausea are symptoms of overexposure, that these symptoms usually become worse when alcohol is used, and that some of these symptoms may disappear with continued exposure as tolerance develops.
Employees shall be warned that symptoms, such as headache, palpitations, and chest pain, can occur, particularly on weekends, on holidays, or at the beginning of the workweek, as a result of interruption of exposure to NG or EGDN. They shall be advised to consult a physician promptly if they experience such symptoms.

# If respiratory protection is required in accordance with
To determine the type of respirator to be used, the employer shall measure the concentration of airborne NG or EGDN in the workplace initially and thereafter whenever control, process, operation, worksite, or climatic changes occur that are likely to increase the concentration of these compounds in the air of the workplace.
(2) The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to NG or EGDN at concentrations above the recommended limit because of improper respirator selection, fit, use, or maintenance.

# (b) Ignition Sources and Detonation Hazards
The danger of explosion in buildings where NG or EGDN is manufactured or handled shall be minimized by compliance with the following provisions:
(1) Facilities should consist of detached units, with explosion-venting systems if possible.
(2) Each unit shall be subdivided by fire-and pressureresistant walls to restrict hazardous areas.
(3) The amount of NG or EGDN present in any building shall not exceed the amount being processed at any one time.
Motor-driven portable equipment, internal combustion engines, and vehicles shall not be used unless they have been approved for use in an explosive atmosphere.

# (c) Regulated Areas
Access to buildings in which NG or EGDN is manufactured or handled in liquid form or in explosive mixtures such as dynamite shall be regulated to comply with the following provisions:
(1) Access shall be restricted to authorized persons.
(2) For each such building, a limit shall be established for the number of persons who may be present, based on the minimum number necessary for efficient performance of the operation. This limit shall be posted outside the building. A log of persons entering the building should be kept in some secure location outside the building. (1) Entry into confined spaces, such as tanks, pits, or vessels, that may contain NG or EGDN shall be controlled by a permit system. Permits shall be signed by an authorized representative of the employer certifying that preventive and protective measures have been followed.
Confined spaces that have contained NG or EGDN shall be cleaned with water and purged with air. They shall be tested for NG or EGDN and other contaminants and for oxygen and inspected for compliance with these requirements prior to each entry. Adequate ventilation shall be maintained while workers are within the confined space. (2) Containers of NG or EGDN shall be kept tightly closed at all times when not in use and shall be stored in a manner that will minimize the risk of spills.
(3) Only properly informed, trained, and equipped personnel shall be involved in storing, loading and unloading, or processing liquid NG, EGDN, or explosive mixtures containing these compounds. NG and EGDN are absorbed through the lungs and the skin. Absorption through the skin is usually the major route of exposure for workers who have direct dermal contact with NG or EGDN. Thus, work practices designed to limit skin absorption of these compounds should be followed carefully.
The recommended standard for NG, EGDN, or a mixture of these two compounds is based on their effects on the cardiovascular system. The initial physiologic effect of exposure to these compounds is dilatation of the blood vessels, and the initial signs and symptoms of exposure include headache, dizziness, nausea, palpitations, and decreases in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures. These signs and symptoms tend to disappear after 3-4 days of repeated exposure, probably as the result of compensatory vasoconstriction. After a brief period of withdrawal from exposure, eg, a weekend, workers may develop angina pectoris. Some workers exposed to
The death was attributed to a cause other than cardiovascular disease (not specified). The AEHA concluded that only two of the seven deaths that occurred in workers employed at the Badger plant should be classified as "sudden," but their criteria may have been too stringent.

# Concentrations of airborne NG in the

# Adapted from a report of the Army Environmental Hygiene Agency 
Based on three to five blood pressure readings, the AEHA concluded that there were no consistent changes in blood pressure or pulse rate, although the data were not included in the report.
The AEHA concluded that "withdrawal from chronic NG exposure could precipitate chest pain and in some instances sudden death."
The report stated that the findings from this study were not sufficient to show, however, that workplace exposure to NG can cause, or contribute to, the development of coronary artery disease.
The AEHA survey of the health of workers exposed to NG at the Badger  He speculated that the "trinitrate grouping" in both of these compounds behaved as a hapten that elicited the immunologic response, although evidence supporting this idea was not provided. The possibility that cross-sensitivity also had a role in causing the rash was suggested by the authors as well.
A       The results indicated that dogs apparently developed tolerance to NG, although no explanation was provided for the mechanism of action.
To determine whether short-term exposure to NG had a lasting effect on tolerance, the ED 25-mmHg was determined 7 days after the initial blood pressure measurement for three dogs that had been pretreated with 20 mg/kg   In untreated bacteria, the frequency of mutation was about 0.    The recommended sampling method, using a Tenax GC tube and a personal sampling pump, is described in detail in Appendix I.
The siting of magazines must conform to the requirements of the American
Each new employee should be thoroughly informed about the process, hazards, personal protective equipment, and emergency procedures.
In addition, the signs and symptoms of intoxication by the nitroesters, workers when they were no longer exposed to NG but that some signs of heart disease remained. By reviewing death certificates from a county in Sweden, Hogstedt and Axelson  found that N G :EGDN dynamite workers were more likely to die from heart disease than were other men in the same county.
Twenty-one deaths from heart disease occurred in men who had been employed at the dynamite plant for 1 year or more; 4 occurred in workers who were actively employed, but the other 17 occurred in men who had not worked at the plant for months or years.  "safety solvent," or "aliphatic hydrocarbon" when the specific name is known.
The "%" may be the approximate percentage by weight or volume (indicate basis) which each hazardous ingredient of the mixture bears to the whole mixture. This may be indicated as a range or maximum amount, ie, "10-40% vol" or "10% max wt" to avoid disclosure of trade secrets.