Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Sturge-Weber syndrome (patient information)
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

# Overview
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder that is present at birth. A child with this condition will have a port-wine stain birthmark (usually on the face) and neurologic problems.

# What are the symptoms of Sturge-Weber syndrome?
- Port-wine stain (more common on the face than the body)
- Seizures
- Paralysis or weakness on one side
- Learning disabilities

# What causes Sturge-Weber syndrome?
The cause of Sturge-Weber is unknown. It is not thought to be passed down (inherited) through families.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
The health care provider should check all birthmarks, including a port-wine stain. Seizures, vision problems, paralysis, and changes in alertness or mental state may mean the coverings of the brain are involved. These symptoms should be evaluated right away.

# Diagnosis
Glaucoma may be one sign of the condition.
Tests may include:
- X-rays
- MRI scan
- CT scan

# Treatment options
Treatment is based on the patient's signs and symptoms, and may include:
- Anticonvulsant medicines for seizures
- Eye drops or surgery to treat glaucoma
- Laser therapy for port-wine stains
- Physical therapy for paralysis or weakness
- Possible brain surgery to prevent seizures

# Where to find medical care for Sturge-Weber syndrome?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Sturge-Weber syndrome

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Most cases of Sturge-Weber are not life-threatening. The patient's quality of life depends on how well the symptoms (such as seizures) can be prevented or treated.
Patients will need to visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year to treat glaucoma. They also will need to see a neurologist to treat seizures and other neurologic symptoms.

# Possible complications
- Abnormal blood vessel growth in the skull
- Continued growth of the port-wine stain
- Developmental delays
- Emotional and behavioral problems
- Glaucoma, which may lead to blindness
- Paralysis
- Seizures

# Sources
Sudden cardiac arrest (patient information)

# Overview
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), also known as sudden cardiac death, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs. SCA usually causes death if not treated in minutes.
The heart has an internal electrical system that controls the rhythm of the heartbeat. Problems with the electrical system can cause abnormal heart rhythms, called arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). There are many types of arrhythmia. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or it can stop beating. SCA occurs when the heart develops an arrhythmia that causes it to stop beating.
SCA is not the same thing as a heart attack. A heart attack is a problem with blocked blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. In a heart attack, the heart usually does not suddenly stop beating. SCA, however, may happen during recovery from a heart attack.
People with heart disease have a higher chance of having SCA. But most SCAs happen in people who appear healthy and have no known heart disease or other risk factors for SCA.
Outlook
Ninety-five percent of people who have SCA die from it, most within minutes. Rapid treatment of SCA with a device that sends an electrical shock to the heart (called a defibrillator) can be lifesaving. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs), which are often found in public places like airports and office buildings, can be used to save the lives of people having SCAs.
Transfusion therapy resident survival guide

# Overview
Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood products obtained from one person (donor) into the circulatory system of another (recipient).
Massive blood transfusion refers to transfusing a large volume of blood to a patient, especially in trauma patients with uncontrollable hemorrhage.  Several definitions used in the past include:
- Transfusion of 20 units of red blood cells (RBCs) in 24 hours.
- Transfusion of greater than 10 units  of RBCs in 24 hours.
Currently, it is more practical to identify patients in need of massive transfusion when greater than four red blood cell units is needed in one hour and an ongoing need for transfusion is predicted, or when 50% of total blood volume is replaced within 3 hours.  These situations often require the activation of massive transfusion protocols (MTP).

## Blood Products and Indications for Use

# Management

## General Approach

## Low Hemoglobin Level

## Managing Complications

# Do's
- The decision to transfuse a patient should be based on the hemoglobin level, clinical status, presence of co-morbidities, and the patient's wish.
- Dextrose solutions, calcium-containing solutions, or drugs should not be administered via the same intravenous access used for transfusing blood and blood products.
- Monitor vital signs (temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) every 30 minutes.

# Don'ts
- Clinical symptoms and signs such as fever, flushing, urticaria, hypotension, increasing anxiety/restlessness, pain at or near the site of the transfusion, respiratory distress in a patient receiving any blood or blood product should not be ignored.
Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor
Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B (TNFRSF13B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF13B gene.
TNFRSF13B  is a transmembrane protein of the TNF receptor superfamily found predominantly on the surface of B cells, which are an important part of the immune system. TACI recognizes three ligands: APRIL, BAFF and CAML.

# Function
TACI is a lymphocyte-specific member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. It was originally discovered because of its ability to interact with calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML). TACI was later found to play a crucial role in humoral immunity by interacting with two members of the TNF family: BAFF and APRIL. These proteins signal through TACI inducing activation of several transcription factors including NFAT, AP-1, and NF-kappa-B which then modulate cellular activities. Defects in the function of TACI can lead to immune system diseases and has shown to cause fatal autoimmunity in mice.
TACI controls T cell-independent B cell antibody responses, isotype switching, and B cell homeostasis.

# Clinical significance
TACI mutations are associated with immunodeficiency in humans, as a significant proportion of CVID patients have TACI mutations. People with this condition produce abnormally low amounts of antibodies, which are needed for protection against infections.
In humans, the gene encoding this protein is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.
TACI is currently being targeted for autoimmunity and B cell malignancies via atacicept, a recombinant fusion protein that binds the TACI ligands BAFF and APRIL.

# Interactions
TNFRSF13B has been shown to interact with B-cell activating factor, TRAF6, TRAF5, TNFSF13, TRAF2 and CAMLG.
University of Washington School of Medicine
The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) is a public medical school located in Seattle, Washington. It is a graduate school affiliated with the University of Washington, and is the only medical school in the states of Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, and Idaho. Although serving as the primary medical school for a conglomeration of five states, UWSOM is well-equipped with teaching facilities in more than 100 towns and cities across the five-state region.
The school was founded in 1946 as the 76th medical school in the country, and is primarily committed to training doctors for rural populations, although biomedical research, experimental therapy, and academic medicine all play important roles. The UWSOM has been ranked by U.S. News and World Report as the nation's top primary-care medical school for fifteen consecutive years.  In the 2007 edition of graduate school rankings, UWSOM also tied with Stanford University School of Medicine at seventh among research schools.  
The UW School of Medicine also ranks as one of the top medical schools in receipt of federal researching funding, having been awarded US$573 million in grants by the National Institutes of Health in fiscal year 2006. Only Harvard Medical School is awarded more federal funding.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction overview

# Overview
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a blockage in the area that connects the renal pelvis (part of the kidney) to one of the tubes (ureters) that move urine to the bladder.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as functional or anatomic obstruction to urine flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter at their anatomic junction. 
If left untreated, results in symptoms, renal damage, or both.
UPJO generally implies a congenital partial proximal ureteric obstruction detected in utero or in later life.

# Salient Features
- The ureterovascular tangle is a term that embraces the renal pelvis, ureter, and adjacent vessels (both arterial and venous), all of which alone or in combination have been implicated as potential causes of UPJO.
The Vasculature: In the context of UPJO, "crossing vessels" are those renal arteries or veins found in the region of the ureteric transition point.
The Ureter: The normal ureter inserts at the inferior aspect of the renal pelvis at an oblique angle and with gradual taper. It has been noted that in the setting of UPJO, the ureter tends to have a more cephalad or acute insertion.
- The Vasculature: In the context of UPJO, "crossing vessels" are those renal arteries or veins found in the region of the ureteric transition point.
- The Ureter: The normal ureter inserts at the inferior aspect of the renal pelvis at an oblique angle and with gradual taper. It has been noted that in the setting of UPJO, the ureter tends to have a more cephalad or acute insertion.
- Therapy: Characteristic symptoms with morphologic evidence of UPJO may indicate a need for therapy.
- Such symptoms include intermittent pain after drinking large volumes of fluid or fluids with a diuretic effect.
- Asymptomatic UPJO may be treated if there is evidence of asymmetric function or deterioration in renal function or hydronephrosis.
Valvular heart disease secondary prevention
Please help WikiDoc by adding content here.  It's easy!  Click  here to learn about editing.

# Overview

# 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary

## Recommendations for The Heart Valve Team and Heart Valve Centers of Excellence
Vitamin D deficiency historical perspective

# Overview
Vitamin D deficiency was a common disease that affects both children and adults living in industrialized cities. Rickets was scientifically described by British physicians in the 17th century. In the 20th century, German scientists discovered vitamin D and its influence on bone health. The importance of sunlight and diet to prevent rickets were emphasized in the 20th century. The fortification of milk with vitamin D beginning in the 1930s has made rickets a rare disease in the United States. 

# Historical Perspective

## Discovery
- in 1645, Vitamin D deficiency was first described scientifically by Daniel Whistler, a British physician. His thesis was submitted in the University of Leiden, entitled Inaugural medical disputation on the disease of English children which is popularly termed the rickets.
- In 1650, Francis Glisson, a Cambridge physician, published a book in Latin, named De Rachitide. He described his careful observation of rachitic children in great detail.
- In 1822, Sniadecki identified the association of rickets with a lack of sunlight exposure. He noted that children living in the inner city of Warshaw had a high incidence of rickets than children of the adjacent rural area.
- In 1918, Mellanby discovered the antirachitic effect of cod liver oil.
- In 1922, Elmer McCollum et al. distinguished vitamin D from vitamin A. He suggested that vitamin D promotes calcium deposition.
- By the 1930s, Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus at the University of Gottingen in Germany identified the chemical structure of the vitamin D and its precursor,  7-dehydrocholesterol. He received Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1928 for his work "on the sterols and their relationship to other natural products".

## Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 1822, Sniadecki was the first one to recognize the importance of sun exposure for the prevention and treatment of rickets.
- In 1890, Theobald Palm suggested using sunbaths to prevent rickets.
- In 1918, Mellanby prevented rickets in puppies with cod liver oil.
- In 1919, Huldschinski observed that exposing children to radiation from a lamp had a healing effect on rickets.
- In 1921, Hess and Unger exposed seven rachitic children to sunlight in New York City for several months and reported effective improvement of their disease.
- In the 1930s, the US government recommended to parents to expose their children to sunlight every day to prevent rickets.
- In the 1930s, for eradication of rickets in the United States and Europe, the fortification of milk with vitamin D was started. However, an outbreak of hypercalcemia in the 1950s, in Great Britain, resulted in discontinuation of this program in Europe until now.
Vitamin E Suppositories For Vaginal Dryness

# Vitamin E Suppositories For Vaginal Dryness

# Vitamin E Suppositories For Vaginal Dryness
Innate oil types like those from apricots, almonds, grapeseed, sunflower. Causes for vaginal dryness A variety of conditions can cause vaginal dryness. (Again though, when in doubt, be sure to auto cad job online your friendly neighborhood physician for.
There are also vitamin E suppositories that are said to help with vaginal dryness. Vitamin E Vaginal Suppositories - 6 results like the Carlson Key-e Suppositories - 24-Pack, Carlson Key E Suppositories with Natural Vitamin E 24 summer jobs for teenagers Bezwecken E3 2.

### Vitamin E Suppositories For Vaginal Dryness
- Vitamin E suppository.
Carlson Key E Suppositories Vitamin E; For Vaginal or Rectal Use; 12 Soothing inserts For anyone who suffers from vaginal atrophy or dryness, they are a big. dog licking woman free pics this is 'too much' moisture or too irritating, then - Vitamin E Mary Magdalen Relationship With Judas - The normal Cambridge Past Exam Papers Free of perimenopause and menopause can cause jobs and salaries in environmental science dryness.
Description Carlson Key E Suppositories Relationship Saver Samardzic E; For Vaginal or Rectal Use; 24 Soothing inserts; Key-E Suppositories are natural soothing inserts prepared with a base derived. KEY-E Suppositories help combat dryness weird job promote softer. Hormone-free Choices for treating vaginal dryness.
- Carlson Key E Suppositories Vitamin E; For Vaginal or Rectal Use; 12 Soothing inserts For anyone who suffers from vaginal atrophy or dryness, they are a big. dog licking woman free pics this is 'too much' moisture or too irritating, then - Vitamin E Mary Magdalen Relationship With Judas - The normal Cambridge Past Exam Papers Free of perimenopause and menopause can cause jobs and salaries in environmental science dryness.
Description Carlson Key E Suppositories Relationship Saver Samardzic E; For Vaginal or Rectal Use; 24 Soothing inserts; Key-E Suppositories are natural soothing inserts prepared with a base derived. KEY-E Suppositories help combat dryness weird job promote softer. Hormone-free Choices for treating vaginal dryness.
- Description Carlson Key E Suppositories Relationship Saver Samardzic E; For Vaginal or Rectal Use; 24 Soothing inserts; Key-E Suppositories are natural soothing inserts prepared with a base derived. KEY-E Suppositories help combat dryness weird job promote softer. Hormone-free Choices for treating vaginal dryness.
Wikipedia
Wild-type (senile) ATTR amyloidosis surgery

# Overview
Liver transplantation is the mainstay of treatment for wild-type ATTR amyloidosis.

# Surgery
Liver transplantation is the mainstay of treatment for wild-type ATTR amyloidosis.
- Transplantation replaces the main source of variant TTR with a source of normal-sequence TTR.
- This leads to gradual fibril reabsorption and disease stabilization, especially of neurologic complications.
Zolmitriptan patient counseling information

# Patient Counseling Information
See FDA Approved Patient Labeling (Patient Information).

### Myocardial Ischemia and/or Infarction, Prinzmetals angina, Other Vasospastic Reactions, and Cerebrovascular Events
Inform patients that zolmitriptan may cause serious cardiovascular adverse reactions such as myocardial infarction or stroke, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious cardiovascular reactions can occur without warning symptoms, instruct patients to be alert for the signs and symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, slurring of speech, and instruct them to ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms. Instruct patients to seek medical advice if they have symptoms of other vasospastic reactions .

### Medication Overuse Headache
Inform patients that use of drugs to treat acute migraines for 10 or more days per month may lead to an exacerbation of headache, and encourage patients to record headache frequency and drug use (e.g., by keeping a headache diary) .

### Serotonin Syndrome
Inform patients about the risk of serotonin syndrome with the use of zolmitriptan or other triptans, particularly during combined use with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) .

### Pregnancy
Inform patients that zolmitriptan should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus .

### Nursing Mothers
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed .

### Handling of Zolmitriptan Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Inform patients not to break zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablets. Inform patients that the orally disintegrating tablet is packaged in a blister. Instruct patients not to remove the orally disintegrating tablet from the blister until just prior to dosing. Instruct patients that prior to dosing, peel open the blister pack and place the orally disintegrating tablet on the tongue, where it will dissolve and be swallowed with the saliva .

### Patients with Phenylketonuria
Inform patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) that zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablets contain phenylalanine (a component of aspartame) .
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (formerly known as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research), is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services which supports research designed to improve the outcomes and quality of health care, reduce its costs, address patient safety and medical errors, and broaden access to effective services. It sponsors, conducts, and disseminates research to helps people make more informed decisions and improve the quality of health care services.
AHRQ's mission is to improve the quality, safety, efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare for Americans. The Agency is led by director Carolyn Clancy, M.D.

# Quality indicators
The agency defines Quality Indicators (QIs)  to measure health care quality based upon readily available hospital inpatient administrative data. These indicators consist of four modules measuring various aspects of quality:
- Prevention quality indicator (PQI) identify hospital admissions that evidence suggests could have been avoided, at least in part, through high-quality outpatient care.
- In-patient quality indicator (IQI) reflect quality of care inside hospitals including inpatient mortality for medical conditions and surgical procedures.
- Patient safety indicators (PSI) also reflect quality of care inside hospitals, but focus on potentially avoidable complications and iatrogenic events.
- Pediatric quality indicator include the above indicators related to the pediatric population.
In 2004, AHRQ expanded its support of health information technology initiatives by creating a National Resource Center for Health Information Technology and awarding more than $130 million in grants and contracts for various health information technology projects. The aim of the awards and resource center is to enhance the quality, safety, efficiency and effectiveness of health care through the use of technology.

# Healthcare 411
AHRQ produces an audio newscast series to help keep people informed of the agency's latest health care research findings, news, and information. The audio programs feature current news and information from the Agency. AHRQ's mission is to improve the quality, safety, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans. They are the lead federal government agency in the effort to improve patient safety and reduce medical errors.
Abacavir lamivudine zidovudine description

# Description
TRIZIVIR: TRIZIVIR Tablets contain the following 3 synthetic nucleoside analogues: abacavir sulfate (ZIAGEN), lamivudine (also known as EPIVIR or 3TC), and zidovudine (also known as RETROVIR, azidothymidine, or ZDV) with inhibitory activity against HIV-1.
TRIZIVIR Tablets are for oral administration. Each film-coated tablet contains the active ingredients 300 mg of abacavir as abacavir sulfate, 150 mg of lamivudine, and 300 mg of zidovudine, and the inactive ingredients magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate. The tablets are coated with a film (OPADRY green 03B11434) that is made of FD&C Blue No. 2, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide.
Abacavir Sulfate: The chemical name of abacavir sulfate is (1S,cis)-4--2-cyclopentene-1-methanol sulfate (salt) (2:1). Abacavir sulfate is the enantiomer with 1S, 4R absolute configuration on the cyclopentene ring. It has a molecular formula of (C14H18N6O)2H2SO4 and a molecular weight of 670.76 daltons. It has the following structural formula:
Abacavir sulfate is a white to off-white solid with a solubility of approximately 77 mg/mL in distilled water at 25C.
In vivo, abacavir sulfate dissociates to its free base, abacavir. In this insert, all dosages for ZIAGEN (abacavir sulfate) are expressed in terms of abacavir.
Lamivudine: The chemical name of lamivudine is (2R,cis)-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one. Lamivudine is the (-)enantiomer of a dideoxy analogue of cytidine. Lamivudine has also been referred to as (-)2,3-dideoxy, 3-thiacytidine. It has a molecular formula of C8H11N3O3S and a molecular weight of 229.3 daltons. It has the following structural formula:
Lamivudine is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of approximately 70 mg/mL in water at 20C.
Zidovudine: The chemical name of zidovudine is 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine. It has a molecular formula of C10H13N5O4 and a molecular weight of 267.24 daltons. It has the following structural formula:
Zidovudine is a white to beige, crystalline solid with a solubility of 20.1 mg/mL in water at 25C.