List of basic health science topics

# Overview
Health sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health.  There are two parts to Health Sciences: the study, research and development of the knowledge of health,  and the application of that knowledge to improve health, cure diseases, and understand how humans and animals function.  Research builds primarily on the basic sciences of Biology, Chemistry, and Physics as well as social sciences (for example Medical Sociology). Other fields which have made an especially significant contribution to the Health Sciences include Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Engineering, Epidemiology, Genetics, Nursing, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Public Health, and Medicine. The Health Sciences industry, a multi-billion dollar business, is a subset of the Life Sciences, Medical Care, and Diagnosis industries.
The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to health science:

# Essence of health science

# Branches of health science

## Conventional Western disciplines
- Athletic training
- Dentistry
- Dietetics
- Epidemiology
- Exercise physiology
- Genetic counseling
- Medical physics
- Medicine
- Medical technology
- Nursing
- Nutrition
- Occupational therapy
- Optometry
- Osteopathic medicine (Note: Osteopathy, as practiced in most countries other than the USA, is listed under complementary and alternative practices below)
- Pharmacology
- Physical therapy (physiotherapy)
- Psychoanalysis
- Psychotherapy, including Cognitive therapy
- Public health
- Physical education
- Speech-Language Pathology
- Surgery, including anaesthesiology
- Veterinary medicine

## Complementary and alternative medicine
- Alternative Medicine
- Biomedical model
- Biopsychosocial model
- Body treatment
- Complementary medicine
- Energy medicine
- Energy (spirituality)
- Healer
- Health applications and clinical studies of meditation
- Holistic health
- Home remedy
- Homeopathy
- Manipulative therapy
- Manual therapy
- Medical model
- Mind-body intervention
- Nocebo
- NCCAM
- Placebo
- Program for Evaluating Complementary Medicine
- Rejuvenation (aging)
- Self-healing
- Traditional medicine
- Wellness (alternative medicine)
- World medical systems

## Spiritually-based healing
- Christian Science
- Faith healing
- Johrei
- Maharishi Vedic Medicine
- Shamanism

## Traditional medicine and folk medicine
- Ayurveda
- Folk medicine
- Medical herbalism
- Native American traditional healing
- Shamanism
- Traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture
- Traditional Korean medicine

# History of health science

# Basic health science concepts
health -
disease -
doctor -
physician -
surgeon -
surgery -
healing -
healer -
witch-doctor -
hospital -
nurse -
medication -
-peration -
Public Health -

## Diagnostic methods
physical examination -
medical history -
auscultation -
stethoscope -
percussion -
medical imaging -
X-ray -
medical ultrasonography -
blood work -
Medical specialities by organ system:

## Cardiology
- Congenital heart disease
ASD, VSD, Aortic coarctation, Tetralogy of Fallot
- ASD, VSD, Aortic coarctation, Tetralogy of Fallot
- Myocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Coronary heart disease
- Cardiac arrhythmias

## Respiratory
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Tuberculosis
- Asthma
- Lung cancer
- Allergy

## Gastrointestinal
- Oesophagus
- Heartburn
- Reflux esophagitis
- Barretts disease
- Hiatus hernia
- Cancer of oesophagus
- Oesophageal pouch
- Achalasia

### Stomach
- Gastric ulcer
- stomach cancer
- Helicobacter pylori
- GERD
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

### Small bowel
Duodenal atresia ~
Giardiasis ~
Coeliac disease ~
Crohn's disease ~
Intestinal volvulus ~
Lymphoma ~
Meckel's diverticulum ~
Malabsorption ~

### Appendix
- Appendicitis
- Carcinoid tumour

### Colon
- Infective colitis
- Intestinal volvulus
- Hirschprung disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Cancer
- Crohn's disease
- Diverticulitis
- Diarrhea
- Irritable bowel syndrome or IBS

## Liver
- Viral hepatitis
- Nonviral hepatitis
- Hepatocarcinoma
- Metastatic tumor
- Jaundice
- Liver transplant

### Gallbladder
- Gallstones
- Cholecystitis
- Gallbladder cancer

## Endocrine disease

### Thyroid
- Thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroididtis, autoimmune thyroid disease
- Hashimoto thyroididtis, autoimmune thyroid disease
- Hypothyroidism
- Graves Disease
- Thyroid cancer

### Parathyroid disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism

### Pituitary hormones
- Acromegaly
- Prolactinoma
- Pituitary tumours
- gigantism
- dwarfism

### Adrenal cortex
- Cushing's disease
- Conn's syndrome
- Adrenal failure

## Pancreas
- Pancreatitis
- Diabetes
- Carcinoma of pancreas
- Cystic fibrosis and the pancreas

## Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Child birth
- Cesarean section
- Pre-eclampsia
- Amniocentesis
- Chorionic villus biopsy
- Home birth
- Premature labour
- Miscarriage
- Abortion
- Abruption
- Placenta praevia
- Hydatiform mole

## Renal
- Pyelonephritis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Renal carcinoma
- Renal failure
- Renal dialysis
- Test of renal function
- Kidney stones

## Urology and Andrology

## Rheumatology

## Neurology
- Cerebral palsy
- Mental retardation

## Psychiatry

## Dermatology
- Eczema
- Contact dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Lichen simplex chronicus
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ring worm
- Tinea
- Vitiligo
- Baldness
- Lichen planus
- Viral warts
- Impetigo
- Seborrheic keratosis

## Oncology

## Ophthalmology

## Palliative care

## Surgical specialties
- Neurosurgery
- Ear nose and throat
- Ophthalmology
- Head and neck.
- Thoracic
- Abdominal and colo-rectal
- Orthopaedics
- Trauma surgery
- Plastic surgery

## Diagnostic specialities
- Radiology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Anatomical pathology
- Forensic Pathology
- Microbiology
- Haematology
- Biochemical pathology
- Immunology

# Health science scholars

# Leaders in health science

# Health science lists