Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
DOB (Brolamfetamine, Dr. Bob, Bob or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen.  DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 1 to 3 mg for the racemate. The enantiopure compound dosage is at least half of that. DOB is generally taken orally.  According to Shulgin, the effects of DOB typically last 18 to 30 hours.  Onset of the drug is also long, sometimes taking up to three hours. The substance has been described as a more lucid, more amphetamine-like version of LSD.

# Chemistry
The full name of the chemical is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine. DOB has a stereocenter and R-()-DOB is the eutomer. This is an important finding as it is suggestive that it is targeting different receptors relative to most other PEAs (e.g. MDMA) where the R-isomer serves as the distomer. The toxicity of DOB is not fully known, although high doses may cause serious vasoconstriction of the extremities.
DOB is the most potent compound in PIHKAL (even stronger than DOI although the two have a similar dosage, respectively). Omission of the amphetamine related -methyl leads to 2C-B, which is less vicious and safer, albeit weaker.
(DOB) DOSAGE: 1.0 - 3.0 mg. DURATION: 18 - 30 h.
(DOI) DOSAGE: 1.5 - 3.0 mg. DURATION: 16 - 30 h.
(2C-B) DOSAGE: 12 - 24 mg. DURATION: 4 - 8 h. 
(2C-I) DOSAGE: 14 - 22 mg. DURATION: 6 - 10 h.

# Misrepresentation as LSD
Sales of DOB on blotter paper, misrepresented as LSD, and in tablet form, misrepresented as MDMA or mescaline, have been frequently reported. The misrepresentation as LSD has been described by the periodical "High Times" - this helped some users to find out what they were really taking. Since the mid 1980s, DOB has appeared on blotter paper and accidentally (or purposefully) sold as LSD. Upon tasting the chemical, one will notice a bitter or "chemically" taste, this is instantly a sign that the drug was not LSD, but rather a DO- variant or some other chemical. DOB's effects are somewhat similar to speedy LSD except the duration of effects last twice as long.

# Legality
Internationally, DOB is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine
DOET,  HECATE, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is an analogue of DOM, and is the three-carbon chain homologue to 2C-E.  It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects.

# Chemistry
DOET is in a class of compounds commonly known as alpha-methyl phenethylamines, or amphetamines and the full chemical name is 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine, or 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)propan-2-amine.  It has an active stereocenter and (R)-DOET is the more active isomer.

# Effects
DOET produces psychedelic and entheogenic effects that last up 14-20 hours.  In his book PiHKAL, Alexander Shulgin lists a dosage of DOET as being 2-7 mg orally, with 6-7mg being the dosage for full, desired effects.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of DOET is thought to result from its action as an agonist at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor.

# Dangers
The toxicity of DOET is not known.

# Legality
DOET is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United States, and is similarly controlled in other parts of the world. Internationally, DOET is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine
DON(Also rarely known as Nitro) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine is an analogue of DOM and DOB.  It is also closely related to 2C-N, and produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects.

# Chemistry
DON is in a class of compounds commonly known as alpha-methyl phenethylamines, or amphetamines and the full chemical name is 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-amine.  It has an active stereocenter and (R)-DON is the more active isomer. Concentrated solution is dark brown but transparent viscous liquid.

# Effects
DON produces psychedelic and entheogenic effects that last up to 8-15 hours.  In his book PiHKAL, Alexander Shulgin lists a dosage of DON as being 3-4.5 mg orally. When dropped into nose, the dose is the same but onset is shorter. Unlike DOB, DON shows visible stimulation effect, including muscular activity slightly similar to amphetamine. It also has been known to be less visual than most of it's psychedelic amphetamine counterparts.

# Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of DON is unknown, but seems to be very close to DOB and analogs.

# Dangers
The toxicity of DON is not known.

# Legality
DON is unscheduled and unregulated in the United States, however because of its close similarity in structure and effects to DOM and DOB, possession and sale of DON may be subject to prosecution under the Federal Analog Act. Regarding other factions in the world, possession of DON may be common in the practise of advanced psychaiatry.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

# Overview
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, also GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, are a class of antiplatelet agents.
Several GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors exist:
- Abciximab (ReoPro)
- Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
- Tirofiban (Aggrastat)

# Indications
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are frequently used during percutaneous coronary interventions (angioplasty with or without intracoronary stent placement).
They work by preventing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.  They do so by inhibition of the GpIIb/IIIa receptor on the surface of the platelets. By blocking the GPIIbIIIa receptor, they block the ability of platelets to cross link via fibrinogen.
The agents in this class are administered intravenously. Oral forms of these agents were associated with increased mortality, possibly due to underdosing of the agents.

# History
Their development arose from the understanding of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, a condition in which the GpIIb/IIIa is lacking.

# Reference
-  Seligsohn U. Glanzmann thrombasthenia: a model disease which paved the way to powerful therapeutic agents. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2002 Sep-Dec;32(5-6):216-7. PMID 13679645. Free Full Text.

# Additional Resources
- The MD TV: Comments on Hot Topics, State of the Art Presentations in Cardiovascular Medicine, Expert Reviews on Cardiovascular Research
- Clinical Trial Results: An up to dated resource of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors related clinical trials
6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine
6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine (6-MDDM) is an opiate analogue that is a derivative of hydromorphone, where the 6-ketone group has been replaced by methylene. It has sedative and analgesic effects.
6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine is a potent -opioid agonist, reportedly up to 80x stronger than morphine. Compared to morphine it has a faster onset of action and similar duration of effects. It produces around the same degree of respiratory depression as morphine, but less inhibition of gastrointestinal motility. Animal studies show it to be a potent analgesic which produces significant analgesic effects even at low doses which produce comparatively few side effects, however it has never been developed for medical use in humans.
6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine is synthesised in two steps; first a Wittig reaction is used, reacting hydrocodone with methylenetriphenylphosphorane and an alkyl lithium reagent in diethyl ether to form 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxycodeine. The 3-methoxy group is then cleaved to hydroxy, by reaction with pyridine. The second step tends to be incomplete and often gives fairly low yields, but these can be improved by changing the reaction conditions.
AIDS defining clinical condition

# Overview
AIDS is defined as an the presence of either of the following in a patient with HIV infection: a CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/l, a CD4+ T-cell percentage of total lymphocytes of less than 15%, any of the 27 specified AIDS-defining illnesses.

# Definition
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# AIDS-Defining Illnesses
In 1993, the CDC added pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer to the list of clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987 and expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/uL or a CD4+ percentage of less than 14. Considerable variation exists in the relative risk of death following different AIDS defining clinical conditions.

## List of AIDS-defining Illnesses
- Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs
- Candidiasis esophageal
- Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
- Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal for longer than 1 month
- Cytomegalovirus disease (other than liver, spleen or lymph nodes)
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with loss of vision)
- Encephalopathy (HIV-related)
- Herpes simplex: chronic ulcer(s) (for more than 1 month); or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
- Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (for more than 1 month)
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Lymphoma, Burkitt's
- Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term)
- Lymphoma, primary, of brain
- Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Mycobacterium, other species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, any site (extrapulmonary)
- Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii)
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Salmonella septicemia (recurrent)
- Toxoplasmosis of the brain
- Tuberculosis, disseminated
- Wasting syndrome due to HIV
- Cervical cancer (invasive)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary)
- Pneumonia (recurrent)

## Children < 13 years
Additional conditions are included for children less than 13:
- Bacterial infections, multiple or recurrent
- Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia complex
Allopurinol detailed information
Allopurinol is a drug used primarily to treat conditions arising from excess uric acid, most notably chronic gout. Allopurinol does not alleviate acute attacks of gout, but is useful in preventing recurrence. Allopurinol has been used in the United States since 1964.

# Mechanism
Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a natually occurring purine in the body) and acts to inhibit  xanthine oxidase. This enzyme is responsible for the successive oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine resulting in the production of uric acid, the end-product of human purine metabolism. In addition to blocking uric acid production, inhibition of xanthine oxidase causes an increase in hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are converted to closely related purine ribotides adenosine and guanosine monophosphates. Increased levels of these ribotides causes feedback inhibition of amidophosphoribosyl transferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of purine biosynthesis. Allopurinol therefore decreases both uric acid formation and purine synthesis.

# Uses (other than in treatment of gout)
In addition to its use in gout, allopurinol is also commonly used as prophylaxis with chemotherapeutic treatments, which can rapidly result in very high uric acid concentrations due to widespread cell death (tumour lysis syndrome). Other established indications for allopurinol therapy include ischaemic reperfusion injury, kidney stones (urolithiasis) and protozoal infections (Leishmaniasis).

# Metabolism
Allopurinol is rapidly metabolised by its target, xanthine oxidase, to its active metabolite oxypurinol, which is also an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is almost completely metabolised to oxypurinol within 2 hours of oral administration, whereas oxypurinol is slowly excreted by the kidney over 18-30 hours. For this reason, oxypurinol is believed responsible for the majority of allopurinol's effect.

# Side effects
Side effects of allopurinol are rare, though significant when they occur.  A small percentage of people develop a rash and must discontinue this drug. The most serious adverse effect is a hypersensitivity syndrome consisting of fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, hepatitis, worsening renal function and, in some cases, allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome.  Allopurinol is one of the drugs commonly known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and TENS (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome) which is an adverse drug reaction.

# Brand names
Allopurinol is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline in the United States as Zyloprim, with other brand names including Allohexal, Progout and Zyloric.
American Brain Tumor Association

# Overview
The American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA), founded in 1973, is a not-for-profit organization that "exists to eliminate brain tumors and to meet the needs of brain tumor patients and their families".  The organization is headquartered in Des Plaines, Illinois.
The two founders were mothers of children who died from brain tumors.

# Services
- Awards over $1M annually, for research projects.
- Publishes information about brain tumors, treatment and coping options
- Connections pen-pal program
- Online news bulletins, information forums and magazine
- A website with treatment and support information
- A children's website: ABTA Kids
- Various regional meetings

# Movie
ABTA produced an award winning childrens DVD/VHS movie titled Alexs Journey: the story of a child with a brain tumor.  Template:CN
American Health Care Association
Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Michelle Lew

# Overview
The American Health Care Association (AHCA) is non-profit federation of affiliated state health organizations, together representing more than 10,000 non-profit and for-profit assisted living, nursing facility, developmentally-disabled, and subacute care providers that care for more than 1.5 million elderly and disabled individuals nationally.  AHCA was founded in 1949 and is based in Washington, D.C. The National Center for Assisted Living (NCAL) is part of AHCA.
AHCA/NCAL works with United States Congress|Congress and the Federal government to advocate for long term care services. Membership is open to small and large health care facilities as well as long term care administrators, directors of nursing, certified nursing assistants, and facility owners and operators.
AHCA publishes a weekly email newsletter called Capitol Connection and a monthly magazine titled Provider. The publications include breaking news and legislative progress on regulations and issue affecting the long term care industry. The association also offers professional development, educational, and networking opportunities. AHCA/NCAL established their Advancing Excellence in Americas Nursing Homes campaign in 2007 to improve care quality in nursing homes.
The AHCA established the National Nursing Home Week in 1967.  This is a week long observance recognizing nursing homes. It is held in May, and begins on Mother's Day (United States), the second Sunday of May.
American Sleep Apnea Association

# Background
The American Sleep Apnea Association (ASAA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1990 by persons with sleep apnea and concerned health care providers and researchers.

# ASAA Mission
The ASAA's mission is reducing injury, disability, and death from sleep apnea and enhancing the well being of those affected by this disorder.

# ASAA Activities
The ASAA provides information on sleep apnea to the public and answers questions about diagnosis and treatment options. The ASAA works with other non-profit organizations and societies of health-care professionals to reach the undiagnosed. In addition, the ASAA serves as an advocate for people with sleep apnea and assists them in living with this disorder and its repercussions.
The ASAA publishes bulletins, newsletters, and position statements on various subjects related to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea. These publications provide medical, social, and legal information relevant to those with sleep apnea.  The ASAA encourages screening for those that may have sleep apnea by providing general information on the condition as well as a self-diagnostic test.

# Sleep Apnea Support Groups
The ASAA provides access to the A.W.A.K.E. Network, a network of support groups for those with sleep apnea.  "A.W.A.K.E." is an acronym for "Alert, Well, And Keeping Energetic."  Founded in 1988 as a mutual-help support group for persons affected by sleep apnea, the A.W.A.K.E. Network is now composed of more than 300 groups in 47 states.  A.W.A.K.E. meetings typically feature guest speakers who address topics such as complying with CPAP therapy, legal issues affecting those with sleep apnea, weight loss, treatment options such as oral appliances, and new research findings. The ASAA also sponsors an online support group as an alternative to the A.W.A.K.E. groups.
American Synesthesia Association
The American Synesthesia Association (ASA) is a not-for-profit academic and public society whose mission is to foster and promote the education and the advancement of knowledge of the phenomena of synesthesia, a neurological condition in which stimulation in one sensory modality leads to experiences in a second, unstimulated modality.  The ASA attempts to promote and provide a means for the people who experience and/or study synesthesia to be in contact with each other. As part of its educational mission, the ASA provides information to scientists, health professionals, academicians, researchers, artists, writers, musicians, lay persons and people who experience synesthesia.

# Membership
The society currently includes about 200 members. Membership is open to anyone interested in the study of synesthesia, who experiences synesthesia, or who uses synesthesia in their art or published works. As public awareness of synesthesia has grown, the number of members has increased.

# History
The American Synesthesia Association was created in 1995 by Carol Steen and Patricia Lynne Duffy after discovering, through correspondence with Simon Baron-Cohen, that there were other people in the New York metropolitan area who experienced synesthesia.  The ASA was born out of a desire to meet other synesthetes, and to improve communication between synesthetes and researchers.
In 2000, the ASA was incorporated and received provisional status, 501(c)(3) in 2001. In 2005, the ASA received permanent 501(c)(3) status, and is now a Public Charity under the IRS tax code.
The Board Members of the ASA are Sean A. Day, Peter Grossenbacher, emeritus, Lawrence E. Marks, and Carol Steen.

# Meetings
To date, the ASA has held eight major conferences in such notable universities as Princeton, Yale, University of California San Diego, Rockefeller University, University of California Berkeley, and the University of Texas, Houston Medical School.
The first meeting of the ASA was held at Princeton University in 2001 with the attendance of numerous synesthesia researchers including Larry Marks, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran, Peter Grossenbacher, and artists and authors including Patricia Lynne Duffy and Natasha Lvovich.  This meeting was featured in the popular press and became the subject of a documentary video.  Since 2002, the ASA has instituted a Keynote speaker, who gives an hour long lecture linking synesthesia with other domains of research.
Aminosalicylic acid how supplied

# How Supplied
Carton of 30 PASER packets (NDC 49938-107-04).
Each packet contains four grams aminosalicylic acid.
PASER granules are supplied in packets containing 4 grams of aminosalicylic acid for administration three times a day by suspension in an acidic drink or food with a pH less than 5. Examples include apple sauce, yogurt, tomato or orange juice.
Distributors and Pharmacists: Store below 59F (15C) (in a refrigerator or freezer).
Patients are urged to store PASER in a refrigerator or freezer. PASER packets may be stored at room temperature for short periods of time.
AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT. DO NOT USE if packet is swollen or the granules have lost their tan color, turning dark brown or purple.
JACOBUS PHARMACEUTICAL CO. INC.
P.O. Box 5290
Princeton, NJ 08540
2A JULY, 1996
Amphotericin B adverse reactions

# Adverse Reactions
The total safety data base is composed of 921 patients treated with ABELCET (5 patients were enrolled twice and counted as separate patients), of whom 775 were treated with 5 mg/kg/day. Of these 775 patients, 194 patients were treated in four comparative studies; 25 were treated in open-label, non-comparative studies; and 556 patients were treated in an open-label, emergency-use program. Most had underlying hematologic neoplasms, and many were receiving multiple concomitant medications. Of the 556 patients treated with ABELCET, 9% discontinued treatment due to adverse events regardless of presumed relationship to study drug.
In general, the adverse events most commonly reported with ABELCET were transient chills and/or fever during infusion of the drug.
The following adverse events have also been reported in patients using ABELCET in open-label, uncontrolled clinical studies. The causal association between these adverse events and ABELCET is uncertain.
General: malaise, weight loss, deafness, injection site reaction including inflammation
Allergic: bronchospasm, wheezing, asthma, anaphylactoid and other allergic reactions
Cardiopulmonary: heart failure, pulmonary edema, shock, myocardial infarction, hemoptysis, tachypnea, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolus, cardiomyopathy, pleural effusion, arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation.
Dermatological: maculopapular rash, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme
Gastrointestinal: acute liver failure, hepatitis, jaundice, melena, anorexia, dyspepsia, cramping, epigastric pain, veno-occlusive liver disease, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, cholangitis, cholecystitis
Hematologic: coagulopathy, leukocytosis, blood dyscrasias including eosinophilia
Musculoskeletal: myasthenia, including bone, muscle, and joint pains
Neurologic: convulsions, tinnitus, visual impairment, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, transient vertigo, diplopia, encephalopathy, cerebral vascular accident, extrapyramidal syndrome and other neurologic symptoms
Urogenital: oliguria, decreased renal function, anuria, renal tubular acidosis, impotence, dysuria
Serum electrolyte abnormalities: hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia
Liver function test abnormalities: increased AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH
Renal function test abnormalities: increased BUN
Other test abnormalities: acidosis, hyperamylasemia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypophosphatemia
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-888-393-4584 or by email at drugsafety@sigmatau.com or contact the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch.