Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium boenickei
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Mycobacterium boenickei
Mycobacterium boenickei is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex.  They are rapidly growing ubiquitous environmental organisms that normally inhabit soil, dust and water. These organisms frequently are human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of clinically significant disease.  It is important for practitioners to be aware of these organisms as possible etiological agents, as they are resistant to most first-line anti-tuberculous agents.
- Etymology: boenickei, of Bonicke, in honour of the contribution of Rudolf Bonicke, a German mycobacteriologist, who first recognized the heterogeneity within the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex.

# Description
Microscopy
- The organisms are acid-fast, Gram-positive, pleomorphic bacilli. Long filamentous forms are often observed, but spores and capsules are absent.
Colony characteristics
- Colonies are matt, domed, scalloped-edged and do not demonstrate aerial hyphae.
- On heart infusion agar with 5 % (v/v) rabbit blood for 2 days at 35 C. shows white to slightly beige, small-diameter (approx. 1 mm) colonies.
Physiology
- Growth occurs on LowensteinJensen medium at 35 C in less than 7 days, but no growth occurs at 42 C
- Growth occurs on 5 % NaCl and on MacConkey's agar without crystal violet at 28 C
- None of the isolates grow in lysozyme or utilize citrate, and five of six (83 %) isolates produce arylsulfatase in 3 days.
- The semi-quantitative catalase activity of all isolates is reactive (>45 mm).
Differential characteristics
- The nearest phylogenetic neighbours, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, are M. neworleansense and all M. porcinum isolates studied (all 999 %).

# Pathogenesis
- Reported infections include skin and soft-tissue abscesses with associated osteomyelitis, bacteraemia, endocarditis, keratitis, lymphadenitis, peritonitis, post-surgical infections, pulmonary infections and disseminated disease. Involvement of the central nervous system is rare, but meningitis may develop after trauma or surgery. The immunocompromised patient is at special risk for developing severe diseases, especially catheter-related infection with bacteraemia.

# Type Strain
- Type strain: strain W5998 = ATCC 49935 = DSM 44677.
- The type strain, was first isolated from a leg wound
Mycobacterium bohemicum
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Mycobacterium bohemicum
Type strain: strain CIP 105808 = CIP 105811 = DSM 44277 = JCM 12402.
Mycobacterium botniense
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Mycobacterium botniense is a slowly growing Mycobacterium, first isolated from a stream of water, which produces a yellow pigment.  M. botniense is most closely related to Mycobacterium xenopi.  Etymology: botniense; of Botnia, referring to the Latin name of the province of Finland from which the isolation was made.

# Description
Microscopy
- Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods.
Colony characteristics
- Colonies on Lowenstein-Jensen media and on Middlebrook 7H11 agar are small, dysgonic and scotochromogenic, and produce yellow pigment.
Physiology
- Visible growth from diluted inocula requires 5 to 8 weeks. Growth occurs at 37 to 50 C.
- The type strain is positive for 10-d arylsulfatase and pyrazinamidase.
- Negative for 3-d arylsulfatase, urease, nitrate reductase, semi-quantitative catalase, heat-stable catalase, acid phosphatase, b-galactosidase and 5% NaCl tolerance.
- Tween 80 is not hydrolysed in 10 d.
Differential characteristics
- A phylogenetic tree based on the evaluation of 16S rDNA sequences places M. botniense among the slow-growing mycobacteria, closest to M. xenopi.

# Pathogenesis
- Not known, but first isolated from an environmental source.

# Type Strain
- First isolated in Finland from stream waters.  Strain E347 = ATCC 700701 = CCUG 47976 = CIP 106753 = DSM 44537.
Mycobacterium chubuense
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Mycobacterium chubuense
Type strain: strain 48013 (previously, strain 5517) = ATCC 27278 = CCUG 37670 = CIP 106810 = DSM 44219 = JCM 6374 = NCTC 10819.
Mycobacterium genavense
Mycobacterium genavense

# Description
A slow-growing subspecies of Mycobacterium.
Gram-positive, and nonmotile acid-fast coccobacilli (1.0m x 2.0m). No formation of spores, capsules or aerial hyphae.
Colony characteristics
- Tiny, transparent, nonphotochromogenic and dysgonic colonies (on solid Middlebrook 7H11 medium  MJ (Allied Laboratories).
Physiology
- Slow, fastidious growth in liquid media within 3-12 weeks at 31C, 37C and 42C, with slightly better growth at 45C.
- Primary cultures for isolation require liquid broth media such as BACTEC 12B medium, Middlebrook 7H9 medium.
- Acid broth media such as,BACTEC pyrazinamidase test medium, may facilitate primary isolation.
- No growth on standard solid media like Lowenstein-Jensen, unsupplemented Middlebrook 7H11 or Middlebrook 7H10 media.
- Visible growth on solid Middlebrook 7H11 medium supplemented with MJ after inoculation with a broth culture within 39 weeks.
- Susceptible to streptomycin and rifampicin
- Resistant to isoniazid and ethambutol
Differential characteristics
- Differentiation from other slowly growing mycobacteria by its fastidious growth.
- Closely related to M. simiae by evaluation of 16S rDNA sequences.

# Pathogenesis
- Opportunistic pathogen. Clinically indistinguishable from generalised infections in patients with AIDS due to M. avium complex strains, but more related to gastro-intestinal disorders.
- Most common cause of mycobacterial disease in parrots and parakeets.

# Type Strain
Strain 2289 = ATCC 51234

# Treatment

## Antimicrobial regimen
- M. genavense isolates 
- Susceptibility: Amikacin, Rifamycin, Fluoroquinolones, Streptomycin, and Macrolides
- NOTE(1): Ethambutol has limited activity
- NOTE(2): Optimal therapy is not determined, but multidrug therapies including Clarithromycin appear to be more effective than those without Clarithromycin
Mycobacterium hassiacum
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Mycobacterium hassiacum

# Description
Gram-positive, nonmotile, and partial acid-fast rods.
Colony characteristics
- Yellow, scotochromogenic, smooth and slimy (in dense growth) colonies (diameter 2-5mm). Distinct and drier colonies at temperatures between 40 and 65C.
Physiology
- Aerobic and thermophilic rapid growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium at a temperature range between 30C and 65C.
- Susceptible to streptomycin, ethambutol, cycloserine, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin.
- Resistant to isoniazid, rifampin and prothionamide.
Differential characteristics
- Closely related to the slowly growing species M. xenopi.
- Easy to distinguish from other mycobacteria by its growth at 65C
- Inability to utilise any sugar
- Ability to split benzamide.

# Pathogenesis
- First isolated from urine in the German province of Hessen.
- Biosafety level 1

# Type Strain
Strain 3849 = CCUG 37519 = CIP 105218 = DSM 44199 = JCM 12690.
Mycobacterium hiberniae
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Mycobacterium hiberniae
Etymology Hibernia, Latin for Ireland where it was first isolated.

# Description
Polymorphic, beaded, gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods (0.9m x 1.2-1.5m).
Colony characteristics
- Smooth and glistening colonies with rose-pink pigmentation but become rough and dry later. Colonies with unique pigment production are 1-1.5mm in diameter.
Physiology
- Slow growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and Middlebrook 7H10 agar at 37C (range: 22-37C). No growth at 42C.
- Resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin
- Sensitive to ethambutol.
Differential characteristics
- M. hiberniae has unusual rose-pink pigmentation, which is unique in the genus Mycobacterium.

# Pathogenesis
- Not pathogenic
- Provokes a nonspecific skin hypersensitivity reaction to bovine tuberculin.
- Biosafety level 1

# Type Strain
- First isolated from true moss, sphagnum and soil in Ireland
Strain Hi 11 = ATCC 49874 = CIP 104537 = DSM 44241 = JCM 13571.
Mycobacterium malmoense

# Overview
Mycobacterium malmoense is a bacteria.
Etymology: malmoense, from the city of Malmo, Sweden where it was first isolated.

# Description
Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast and coccoid to short rods.
- Environmental reservoir: soil and water.
Colony characteristics
- Smooth and nonpigmented colonies, growth below the surface of semisolid agar medium after deep inoculation (as seen with M. bovis), 0.9 - 1.7mm in diameter.
Physiology
- Growth on inspissated egg medium and oleic acid-albumin agar at a temperature range of 22C-37C requires over 1 week.
- Susceptible to ethambutol, ethionamide, kanamycin and cycloserine.
Differential characteristics
- Antigenic structure: seroagglutination demonstrates a single serovar distinct from that of other species.

# Pathogenesis
- Usually infects young children with cervical lymphadenitis or adults with chronic pulmonary disease, (mostly with previously documented pneumoconiosis).
- Rarely causes extrapulmonary diseases and disseminated infections
- Biosafety level 2

# Type Strain
- First isolated from sputum and biopsy specimens with pulmonary disease in Malmo, Sweden.
Strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP 105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298.

# Treatment

## Antimicrobial regimen
- Mycobacterium malmoense
- 1. In vitro
- Susceptible: Ethambutol, Ethionamide, Kanamycin, and Cycloserine
- Resistant: INH, Streptomycin, Rifampin, and Capreomycin
- 2. Pulmonary M. malmoense infection
- Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol  Quinolones AND Macrolides
Neuropeptide Y receptor
Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y,  peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide.  These receptors are involved in the control of a diverse set of behavioral processes including appetite, circadian rhythm, and anxiety.
Activated neuropeptide receptors release the Gi subunit from the heterotrimeric G protein complex.  The Gi subunit in turn inhibits the production of the second messenger cAMP from ATP.
Only the crystal structure of Y1 in complex with two antagonist is available.

# Types
There are five known mammalian neuropeptide Y receptors designated Y1 through Y5.  Four neuropeptide Y receptors each encoded by a different gene have been identified in humans, all of which may represent therapeutic targets for obesity and other disorders.
- Y1 - NPY1R
- Y2 - NPY2R
- Y4 - PPYR1
- Y5 - NPY5R

# Antagonists
- BIBP-3226
- Lu AA-33810
- BIIE-0246
- UR-AK49
Naratriptan description

# Description
Naratriptan tablets, USP contain naratriptan as the hydrochloride, which is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype agonist. Naratriptan hydrochloride is chemically designated as N-methyl-3-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1H-indole-5-ethanesulfonamide monohydrochloride, and it has the following structure:
The molecular formula is C17H25N3O2SHCl, representing a molecular weight of 371.93. Naratriptan hydrochloride is an off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water.
Each naratriptan tablet for oral administration contains naratriptan hydrochloride equivalent to 1 mg or 2.5 mg of naratriptan, respectively. Each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide and triacetin. In addition the 2.5 mg tablet also contains iron oxide yellow and FD&C blue No.2 aluminum lake.
Narrative Review: Death

# Event
Addmission date: MM/DD/YYYY
Demographic:  year old 
Site Reported Event Onset Date: MM/DD/YYYY
Event summary:
- Symptoms and sign:
Subject presented with  on MM/DD/YYYY.
Important characteristics of the chief complaint such as severity, site, and duration.
Other important symptoms related to the chief complaint.
- Subject presented with  on MM/DD/YYYY.
- Important characteristics of the chief complaint such as severity, site, and duration.
- Other important symptoms related to the chief complaint.
- Past Medical History: 
- Past Surgical History: 
- Medications: 
- Physical assessment:
Vital signs
Positive physical examinations or related negative examinations.
- Vital signs
- Positive physical examinations or related negative examinations.
Event (2): 

# Procedure
- Index Procedure Date/Time:
mm/dd/YYYY at xx:xx  
- mm/dd/YYYY at xx:xx  
- Index Procedure Detail:
On mm/dd/YYYY at xx:xx  the subject underwent a  for .
Access site details
The site reported that there were/were not procedural complication(s).
- On mm/dd/YYYY at xx:xx  the subject underwent a  for .
- Access site details
- The site reported that there were/were not procedural complication(s).

# Laboratory data, Imaging and tests
- Lab studies:
Date/ name/ value
- Date/ name/ value
- ECG / date:
- ECHO / date:
- CXR / date:
- Ultrasound
- Endoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Other imaging and diagnostic tests / date:

# Consults
- Date and time of consult
- Suggested treatments

# Clinical course
- Date and time of events,
- Patient condition got worse or better.

# Treatment and outcome
- List of relevant medical treatments
- Outcome
Nelfinavir how supplied

# How Supplied
VIRACEPT (nelfinavir mesylate) 250 mg: Light-blue, capsule-shaped tablets with a clear film coating engraved with "VIRACEPT" on one side and "250 mg" on the other.
Bottles of 300 (250 mg) tablets  NDC 63010-010-30
VIRACEPT (nelfinavir mesylate) 625 mg: White oval tablet with a clear film coating engraved with "V" on one side and "625" on the other.
Bottles of 120 (625 mg) tablets  NDC 63010-027-70
VIRACEPT (nelfinavir mesylate) Oral Powder is available as a 50 mg/g off-white powder containing 50 mg (as nelfinavir free base) in each level scoopful (1 gram).
Multiple use bottles of 144 grams of powder with scoop .......NDC 63010-011-90
VIRACEPT tablets and oral powder should be stored at 15 to 30C (59 to 86F).
Keep container tightly closed. Dispense in original container.
Nepenthes distillatoria
Nepenthes distillatoria (New Latin from Latin: destillo = to distill, -oria = adjectival ending; something from which a liquid is distilled, i.e., pitcher) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sri Lanka. It was the second Nepenthes species  to be described and the first to be formally named under the Linnaean system of taxonomy. It is the type species of the genus.

# Botanical history
N. distillatoria was the second Nepenthes species to be described, after N. madagascariensis. In 1677, Bartholinus made brief mention of it under the name Miranda herba, Latin for "marvellous herb". Three years later, Dutch merchant Jacob Breyn referred to this species as Bandura zingalensium, after a local name for the plant. Bandura subsequently became the most commonly used name for the tropical pitcher plants, until Linnaeus coined Nepenthes in 1737.
N. distillatoria was again described in 1683, this time by Swedish physician H. N. Grimm. Grimm called it Planta mirabilis distillatoria or the "miraculous distilling plant", and was the first to clearly illustrate a tropical pitcher plant. Three years later, in 1686, English naturalist John Ray quoted Grimm as saying:
The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs. 
Linnaeus used Grimm's original specific epithet when naming N. distillatoria in 1753.

# Ecology
N. distillatoria is endemic to Sri Lanka and is the only Nepenthes species recorded from the island. It grows in waterlogged open scrub, along road embankments and other cleared areas, and in forest. N. distillatoria occurs from sea-level to 700 m altitude.
Due to its isolation, N. distillatoria has no known natural hybrids.

# Infraspecific taxa
Two infraspecific taxa of N. distillatoria have been described, although they are no longer considered valid.
- Nepenthes distillatoria var. rubra (auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols.) Hort.Veitch ex Macf. (1908)
- Nepenthes distillatoria vera D.Moore (1872) nom.illeg.
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs targeted at the influenza viruses whose mode of action consists of blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein, thus preventing the virus from budding from the host cell (reproducing).
Oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir belong to this class.
Unlike the M2 inhibitors, which work only against the influenza A, neuraminidase inhibitors act against both influenza A and influenza B.

# Further reading
- This flash animation shows the mode of action of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Replication of influenza virus

# Sources
- ^ Gubareva LV (2004). "Molecular mechanisms of influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors". Virus Research. 103: 199203..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em} DOI]
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Neuropeptide S receptor
The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S (NPS). It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease.

# Clinical significance
In the CNS, activation of the NPSR by NPS promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects.
In addition, mututations in NPSR have been linked to a susceptibility to asthma.  Hence NPSR has also been called GPRA (G protein-coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility).  Activation of NPSR in the airway epithelium has a number of effects including upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases which are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. It has been shown that activation of NPSR by NPS affects both gastrointestinal motility and mucosal permeability simultaneously. Aberrant signaling and upregulation of NPSR1 could potentially exacerbate dysmotility and hyperpermeability by local mechanisms in gastrointestinal functional and inflammatory reactions.
Nevirapine how supplied

# How Supplied
VIRAMUNE XR tablets, 100 mg, are yellow, round, biconvex tablets, debossed with V01 on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim logo on the other side.
VIRAMUNE XR 100 mg tablets are supplied in bottles of 90 (NDC 0597-0129-90).
VIRAMUNE XR tablets, 400 mg, are yellow, oval, biconvex tablets, debossed with "V04" on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim logo on the other side.
VIRAMUNE XR 400 mg tablets are supplied in bottles of 30 (NDC 0597-0123-30).
Storage
Store at 25C (77F); excursions permitted to 15C30C (59F86F) . Store in a safe place out of the reach of children.
Norfloxacin description

# Description
NOROXIN (Norfloxacin) is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for oral administration. Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C16H18FN3O3 and the structural formula is:
Norfloxacin is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 319.34 and a melting point of about 221C. It is freely soluble in glacial acetic acid, and very slightly soluble in ethanol, methanol and water.
NOROXIN is available in 400-mg tablets. Each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, and titanium dioxide.
Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, differs from non-fluorinated quinolones by having a fluorine atom at the 6 position and a piperazine moiety at the 7 position.