Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus Vaccine Program

# Overview
The Rotavirus Vaccine Program is a mission to reduce child morbidity and mortality from diarrhoeal disease by accelerating the availability of rotavirus vaccines appropriate for use in developing countries.
Each year more than 600,000 children die from diarrhoeal disease caused by rotavirus, and another two million are hospitalised. Most deaths occur in developing countries where access to treatment is limited; however, nearly every child in the world will suffer an episode of diarrhea caused by rotavirus before age five.
In 2003 the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control established the Rotavirus Vaccine Program to reduce child morbidity and mortality from diarrhoeal disease by making a vaccine against rotavirus available for use in developing countries.

# History
In 1998 a rotavirus vaccine was licensed for use in the United States. Clinical trials in the United States, Finland, and Venezuela had found it to be 80 to 100% effective at preventing severe diarrhoea caused by rotavirus A, and researchers had detected no statistically significant serious adverse effects. The manufacturer of the vaccine, however, withdrew it from the market in 1999, after it was discovered that the vaccine may have contributed to an increased risk for intussusception, or bowel obstruction, in one of every 12,000 vaccinated infants. The experience provoked intense debate about the relative risks and benefits of a rotavirus vaccine.
In 2006, two vaccines against Rotavirus A infection were shown to be safe and effective in children.

# Rotarix
Rotarix by GlaxoSmithKline and RotaTeq by Merck. Both are taken orally and contain disabled live virus.
Rotarix is a human, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine containing a rotavirus strain of G1P specificity. The licensure of Rotarix is in process in the European Union.

# Rotateq
RotaTeq is a live, oral pentavalent vaccine that contains five rotaviruses produced by reassortment. The rotavirus A parent strains of the reassortants were isolated from human and bovine hosts. Four reassortant rotaviruses express one of the outer capsid, VP7, proteins (serotypes G1, G2, G3, or G4) from the human rotavirus parent strain and the attachment protein VP4 (type P7) from the bovine rotavirus parent strain. The fifth reassortant virus expresses the attachment protein VP4, (type P1A), from the human rotavirus parent strain and the outer capsid protein VP7 (serotype G6) from the bovine rotavirus parent strain.In February 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved RotaTeq for use in the United States. Merck is working with a range of partners including the Rotavirus Vaccine Program, PATH, (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) and other governmental and non-governmental organisations to develop and implement mechanisms for providing access to this vaccine in the developing world.
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive skin condition originally described by August von Rothmund (1830-1906) in 1868. Matthew Sydney Thomson (1894-1969) published further descriptions in 1936.
There have been several reported cases associated with osteosarcoma. A hereditary genetic basis, mutations in the DNA Helicase RECQL4 gene, has been implicated in the syndrome.

# Key features
- Abnormal rash termed poikiloderma skin pigmentation
- Telangiectasia
- Juvenile cataracts
- Saddle nose
- Congenital bone defects, particularly radial ray anomalies and short stature
- Hair growth problems (absent eyelashes, eyebrows and/or hair)
- Hypogonadism has not been well documented
- Hypodontia
- Osteosarcoma
File:Autorecessive.svg
Rpn4p gene transcriptions

# Human genes

# Interactions

# Consensus sequences
The upstream activating sequence (UAS) for the Rpn4p is 5'-GGTGGCAAA-3'.

# RPN samplings
Copying GGTGGCAAA in "F" yields none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG and none between ZNF497 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence GGTGGCAAA (starting with SuccessablesAAA.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction, looking for GGTGGCAAA, 0.
- positive strand, negative direction, looking for GGTGGCAAA, 0.
- positive strand, positive direction, looking for GGTGGCAAA, 0.
- negative strand, positive direction, looking for GGTGGCAAA, 0.
- complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for CCACCGTTT, 0.
- complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for CCACCGTTT, 0.
- complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for CCACCGTTT, 0.
- complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for CCACCGTTT, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for TTTGCCACC, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for TTTGCCACC, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for TTTGCCACC, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for TTTGCCACC, 0.
- inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for AAACGGTGG, 0.
- inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for AAACGGTGG, 0.
- inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for AAACGGTGG, 0.
- inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for AAACGGTGG, 0.
Superior oblique myokymia

# Overview
Superior oblique myokymia is a neurological disorder affecting vision and was termed by Hoyt and Keane in 1970. 

# Causes
In 1983, Bringewald postulated that superior oblique myokymia resulted from vascular compression of the trochlear nerve (fourth cranial nerve), which controls the action of the superior oblique muscle in the eye.  By 1998, there had been only one reported case of compression of the trochlear nerve by vessels.  
More recently, magnetic resonance imaging experiments have shown that neurovascular compression at the root exit zone of the trochlear nerve can result in superior oblique myokymia. 

# Epidemiology and Demographics
The onset is usually in adulthood.

# Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
The course of the disease is benign and is not commonly associated with other disorders.

# Diagnosis

## Symptoms
It is a condition that presents as repeated, brief episodes of movement, shimmering or shaking of the vision of one eye, a feeling of the eye trembling, or vertical/tilted vision. It can present as one or more of these symptoms.

# Treatment
Treatment can include pharmaceutical or surgical means. The drug Oral carbamazepine (Tegretol) has been used successfully. Successful surgery options include superior oblique tenectomy accompanied by inferior oblique myectomy. 
Samii et al and Scharwey and Samii described a patient who had superior oblique myokymia for 17 years. The interposition of a Teflon pad between the trochlear nerve and a compressing artery and vein at the nerve's exit from the midbrain led to a remission lasting for a follow-up of 22 months.
Scrotal swelling overview
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D., C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. 

# Overview
Scrotal swelling is abnormal enlargement of the scrotum.

# Epidemiology and Demographics
Scrotal swelling can occur in males at any age.

# Diagnosis

## History and Symptoms
The swelling can be on one or both sides, and there may be pain. The testicles and penis may or may not be involved.

# Treatment

## Medical Therapy
Application of ice packs to the scrotum for the first 24 hours, followed by sitz baths helps in decreasing swelling. If the pain is severe, a rolled-up towel between the legs just under the scrotum may help in relieving pain and reducing swelling. Wearing a loose-fitting athletic supporter for daily activities can help reduce swelling as well. Avoiding excessive activity until the swelling disappears is also important.

## Primary Prevention
Avoiding trauma to the scrotal area can be an important preventative measure.
Sebaceous gland carcinoma

# Overview
Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant cutaneous tumor. Most are typically about 10 mm in size at presentation. This neoplasm is thought to arise from sebaceous glands in the skin and, therefore, may originate anywhere in the body where these glands are found.  Because the periocular region is rich in this type of gland, this region is a common site of origin. The etiology of these lesions are, in the vast majority of cases, unknown. Occasional cases may be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome.
This type of cancer usually has a poor prognosis because of a high rate of metastasis.

# Pathophysiology
The cell of origin is usually unknown. Sebaceous gland carcinoma clearly resembles normal sebaceous glands and is thought to arise from them.

# Morphology
Well-differentiated and moderately differentiated sebaceous carcinoma tend to exhibit vacuolization within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Histology may mimic basal cell carcinoma.

# Physical examination

## Gallery

### Skin
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# Treatment
This type of carcinoma is commonly managed by local resection, cryotherapy, topical chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Multimodal therapy has been shown to improve both visual prognosis and survival.
Mohs micrographic surgery has become the treatment of choice for this form of cancer. When used as the primary treatment modality for sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, Mohs surgery is associated with significantly lower local and distant recurrence rates.
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

# Overview
A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is an oro- or nasogastric tube used occasionally in the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding from esophageal varices (distended veins in the esophageal wall, usually as a result of cirrhosis). It was originally described in 1950. The use of esophageal tamponade in the treatment of bleeding varices has been known since Westphal described it in 1930.
It consists of a multiluminal plastic tube with two inflatable balloons. Apart from the balloons, two lumens serve the proximal esophagus and the gastric tip of the device, respectively (although earlier devices had no oesophageal lumen, requiring the parallel insertion of a nasogastric tube). It is passed down into the oesopagus and the distal balloon inflated in the stomach. Distension of the proximal balloon is used to stop bleeding from the varices. The gastric lumen is for aspirating stomach contents.
Generally it is used only in emergencies where bleeding from presumed varices is impossible to control by administration of medication. It may be difficult to position, particularly in an unwell patient, and may inadvertently be inserted in the trachea, hence endotracheal intubation before the procedure is strongly advised to secure the airway. The tube is often kept in the refrigerator in the hospital's emergency department, intensive care unit and gastroenterology ward. It is a temporary measure: ulceration and rupture of the esophagus and stomach are recognized complications.
A related device with a larger gastric balloon capacity, the Linton-Nachlas tube, is used for isolated gastric hemorrhage (such as with gastric varices).
Sensory evoked potentials
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) are used in neuromonitoring to asses the function of a patient's spinal cord during surgery.  They are recorded by stimulating peripheral nerves, most commonly the posterior tibial nerve, median nerve or ulnar nerve, typically with an electrical stimulus.  The stimulus is then recorded from the patient's scalp.

# Averaging
Because of the low amplitude of the signal once it reaches the patient's scalp and the relatively high amount of electrical noise caused by background EEG, scalp muscle EMG or electrical devices in the room, the signal must be averaged.  The use of averaging improves the signal-to-noise ratio.  Typically, in the operating room, over 100 and up to 1,000 averages must be used to adequately resolve the evoked potential.

# Interpretation
The two most looked at aspects of an SSEP are the amplitude and latency of the peaks.  The most predominant peaks have been studied and named in labs.  Each peak is given a letter and a number in its name.  For example, N20 refers to a negative peak (N) at 20ms.  This peak is recorded from the cortex when the median nerve is stimulated.  It most likely corresponds to the signal reaching the somatosensory cortex.  When used in intraoperative monitoring, the latency and amplitude of the peak relative to the patient's post-intubation baseline is a crucial piece of information.  Dramatic increases in latency or decreases in amplitude are indicators of neurological dysfuncion.

## Anesthetic
During surgery, the large amounts of anesthetic gases used can affect the amplitude and latencies of SSEPs.  Any of the halogenated agents or nitrous oxide will increase latencies and decrease amplitudes of responses, sometimes to the point where a response can no longer be detected.  To resolve this issue, no volatile gas or N2O should be used.
Sequence (disambiguation)
A sequence is a logically ordered list of elements related to each other through some relationship, typically mathematical.
Sequence may also refer to:
- Sequence (archaeology)
- Sequence (poetry) (Latin sequentia), a medieval Latin poem or its musical setting which became part of the Mass
- Sequence (music), a passage which is successively repeated at different pitches
- Sequence (filming), the cinematic relative of the theatrical term "scene"
- Sequence (journal) (1947-52) a film journal founded and co-edited by Lindsay Anderson, Gavin Lambert and Karel Reisz
- Sequence (board game), a board-and-card game distributed by Jax Ltd., Inc.
- the primary structure of a biopolymer. Determining such a sequence is called sequencing
- Sequence (geology), a succession of geological events.
- Sequence (genetics), the order of the nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a DNA molecule.
- Sequence (biology), the primary structure of a biopolymer.
- Musical information inputted in a music sequencer
- a predefined series of dance moves or movements
- The Sequence, a 1980s all-female hip-hop/funk trio
Serum amyloid P component
The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of amyloid P component (AP), a 25kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal constituent of in vivo pathological deposits called "amyloid".  APCS is its human gene.

# In amyloidosis
AP makes up 14% of the dry mass of amyloid deposits and is thought to be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of a related group of diseases called the Amyloidoses. These conditions are characterised by the ordered aggregation of normal globular proteins and peptides into insoluble fibres which disrupt tissue architecture and are associated with cell death. AP is thought to decorate and stabilise aggregates by preventing proteolytic cleavage and hence inhibiting fibril removal via the normal protein scavenging mechanisms. This association is utilised in the routine clinical diagnostic technique of SAP scintigraphy whereby radio-labelled protein is injected into patients to locate areas of amyloid deposition.  The SAP-amyloid association has also been identified as a possible drug target for anti-amyloid therapy, with the recent development and first stage clinical trials of a compound called CPHPC (R-1--6-oxohexanoyl] pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a small molecule able to strip AP from deposits by reducing levels of circulating SAP.

# Structure
SAP is a member of the pentraxins family, characterised by calcium dependent ligand binding and distinctive flattened -jellyroll structure similar to that of the legume lectins.  The name "pentraxin" is derived from the Greek word for five (penta) and berries (ragos) relating to the radial symmetry of five monomers forming a ring approximately 95 A across and 35 A deep.  Human SAP has 51% sequence homology with C-reactive protein (CRP), a classical acute phase response plasma protein, and is a more distant relative to the "long" pentraxins such as PTX3 (a cytokine modulated molecule) and several neuronal pentraxins. Both SAP and CRP are evolutionary conserved in all vertebrates and also found in distant invertebrates such as the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).
Seventeen Rules of Enjuin
The Seventeen Rules of Enjuin are a code of conduct developed for students of the Japanese Ri-shu school of medicine in the 16th century CE. The rules are similar to the Hippocratic Oath in that they stress that physicians should not tell people outside the school of what they have learnt. They also emphasise that physicians should love their patients and that they should work together as a brotherhood.
The 17 rules are:
- Each person should follow the path designated by Heaven (Buddha, the Gods).
- You should always be kind to people. You should always be devoted to loving people.
- The teaching of Medicine should be restricted to selected persons.
- You should not tell others what you are taught, regarding treatments without permission.
- You should not establish association with doctors who do not belong to this school.
- All the successors and descendants of the disciples of this school shall follow the teachers ways.
- If any disciples cease the practice of Medicine, or, if successors are not found at the death of the disciple, all the medical books of this school should be returned to the School of Enjuin.
- You should not kill living creatures, nor should you admire hunting or fishing.
- In our school, teaching about poisons is prohibited, nor should you receive instructions about poisons from other physicians. Moreover, you should not give abortives to the people.
- You should rescue even such patients as you dislike or hate. You should do virtuous acts, but in such a way that they do not become known to people. To do good deeds secretly is a mark of virtue.
- You should not exhibit avarice and you must not strain to become famous. You should not rebuke or reprove a patient, even if he does not present you with money or goods in gratitude.
- You should be delighted if, after treating a patient without success, the patient receives medicine from another physician, and is cured.
- You should not speak ill of other physicians.
- You should not tell what you have learned from the time you enter a womans room, and, moreover, you should not have obscene or immoral feelings when examining a woman.
- Proper or not, you should not tell others what you have learned in lectures, or what you have learned about prescribing medicine.
- You should not like undue extravagance. If you like such living, your avarice will increase, and you will lose the ability to be kind to others.
- If you do not keep the rules and regulations of this school, then you will be cancelled as a disciple. In more severe cases, the punishment will be greater.
Shift work sleep disorder

# Overview
Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder which affects people who change their work or sleep schedules frequently or work longterm on other than the day shift.
Such recurrent interruption of sleep patterns may result in insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness.
A recent study lead in 2007 by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has shown that shiftwork could induce cancer .
Sip4p gene transcriptions
The UAS sequence for the transcription factor Sip4p is CCRTYCRTCCG, which occurs in the promoters of FBP1, PKC1, ICL1 genes in S. cerevisiae, with no inducer, used for positive regulation of gluconeogenesis.

# Human genes

# Gene expressions

# Interactions

# Consensus sequences
Sip4p consensus sequence is CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG.

# Binding site for
Positive regulation of gluconeogenesis.

# Promoter occurrences
Occurs in the promoters of FBP1, PKC1, ICL1 genes in S. cerevisiae.

# Hypotheses
- A1BG has no regulatory elements in either promoter.
- A1BG is not transcribed by a regulatory element.
- No regulatory element participates in the transcription of A1BG.

# SIP samplings
Copying a responsive elements consensus sequence CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG and putting the sequence in "F" finds none between ZNF497 and A1BG or none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG (starting with SuccessablesSIP.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction, looking for CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG, 0.
- positive strand, negative direction, looking for CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG, 0.
- positive strand, positive direction, looking for CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG, 0.
- negative strand, positive direction, looking for CC(C/G)T(C/T)C(C/G)TCCG, 0.
- complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for GG(C/G)A(A/G)G(C/G)AGGC, 0.
- complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for GG(C/G)A(A/G)G(C/G)AGGC, 0.
- complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for GG(C/G)A(A/G)G(C/G)AGGC, 0.
- complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for GG(C/G)A(A/G)G(C/G)AGGC, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for CGGA(C/G)G(A/C)A(C/G)GG, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for CGGA(C/G)G(A/C)A(C/G)GG, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for CGGA(C/G)G(A/C)A(C/G)GG, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for CGGA(C/G)G(A/C)A(C/G)GG, 0.
- inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for GCCT(C/G)C(C/T)T(C/G)CC, 0.
- inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for GCCT(C/G)C(C/T)T(C/G)CC, 0.
- inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for GCCT(C/G)C(C/T)T(C/G)CC, 0.
- inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for GCCT(C/G)C(C/T)T(C/G)CC, 0.

# Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.
Sister Mary Joseph nodule

# Overview
The Sister Mary Joseph nodule or node, also called Sister Mary Joseph sign, refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen.
- Gastrointestinal malignancies account for about half of underlying sources (most commonly gastric cancer, colon cancer or pancreatic cancer, mostly of the tail and body of the pancreas), and men are even more likely to have an underlying cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Gynecological cancers account for about 1 in 4 cases (primarily ovarian cancer and also uterine cancer). Unknown primary tumors and rarely, urinary or respiratory tract malignancies cause umbilical metastases. How exactly the metastases reach the umbilicus remains largely unknown. Proposed mechanisms for the spread of cancer cells to the umbilicus include direct transperitoneal spread, via the lymphatics which run alongside the obliterated umbilical vein, hematogenous spread, or via remnant structures such as the falciform ligament, median umbilical ligament, or a remnant of the vitelline duct. Sister Joseph nodule is associated with multiple peritoneal metastases and a poor prognosis.
Sister Mary Joseph nodule in a patient with metastatic ovarian cancer

# Eponym
Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey; 1856-1939) was the surgical assistant of William J. Mayo at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota from 1890 to 1915. She drew Mayo's attention to the phenomenon, and he published an article about it in 1928.
The eponymous term Sister Mary Joseph nodule was coined in 1949 by Hamilton Bailey.