Angiotensinogen core promoter element gene transcriptions
Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin).

# Proof of concept
For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the core promoter.

# Core promoters
The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription. It contains a binding site for RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, or RNA polymerase III). Any specific genes core promoter is ultimately targeted by a vast network of regulatory factors that contribute to the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.
AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.
"Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the human AGT gene revealed the existence of several putative regulatory elements like AGCE2 (human angiotensinogen core promoter element 2), AGCE1 (human angiotensinogen core promoter element 1), 5'-AGCE2, glucocorticoid responsive elements, estrogen responsive element, heat shock responsive element, cAMP responsive elements (Kim, 1995; Yanai et aI., 1996, 1997a, b)."

# Consensus sequences
The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'. By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).
The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and transcription initiation site (positions 25 to 1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."

# Human genes
"he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) ... acts as a critical regulator of AGT transcription". GeneID: 183 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)  has the official symbol AGT.

# Gene transcriptions
Within the variation allowed by the consensus sequence, it is likely that the transcriptional activities of an E-box-like motif of two juxtaposed AGCE1 elements have the following ratios: "CTC/CTC and ATC/ATC homozygotes or the CTC/ATC heterozygotes are 2.5 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote and that the CTC/ATT and ATC/ATT heterozygotes are 1.75 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote."

# Angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen is an -2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver. It is a member of the serpin family, although it is not known to inhibit other enzymes, unlike most serpins. Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels.
Angiotensin I ( CAS# 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the ten-amino acid peptide (des-Asp) angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of two C-terminal residues by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, or kinase).

# A1BG gene transcriptions
An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the transcription start site for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a TATA box is present.
However, for the transcription of A1BG, there is no TATA box and the core nucleotides 3'-GTG-5' do not occur on either side of 3'-ATC-5'.

# Hypotheses
- AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

# AGCE samplings
Copying a responsive elements consensus sequence (A/C)T(C/T)GTG and putting the sequence in "F" finds none between ZNF497 and A1BG or none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence (A/C)T(C/T)GTG (starting with SuccessablesAGCE.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction: 4, CTCGTG at 3914, CTTGTG at 3669, ATCGTG at 2096, ATTGTG at 340.
- positive strand, negative direction: 0.
- positive strand, positive direction: 6, CTCGTG at 3739, CTTGTG at 3095, CTCGTG at 1627, CTCGTG at 1207, CTCGTG at 955, CTCGTG at 855.
- negative strand, positive direction: 2, CTCGTG at 4376, ATTGTG at 2679.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction: 2, CACGAG at 4403, CACGAT at 336.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction: 10, CACGAG at 4472, CACAAG at 3634, CACAAT at 3515, CACGAG at 3232, CACAAG at 2244, CACAAT at 1721, CACGAG at 1182, CACGAG at 708, CACGAG at 572, CACGAG at 435.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction: 3, CACGAG at 3152, CACGAG at 2090, CACAAG at 107.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction: 1, CACGAG at 243.

## AGCE (4560-2846) UTRs
- Negative strand, negative direction: CACGAG at 4403, CTCGTG at 3914, CTTGTG at 3669.
- Positive strand, negative direction: CACGAG at 4472, CACAAG at 3634, CACAAT at 3515, CACGAG at 3232.

## AGCE positive direction (4445-4265) core promoters
- Negative strand, positive direction: CTCGTG at 4376.

## AGCE negative direction (2596-1) distal promoters
- Negative strand, negative direction: ATCGTG at 2096, ATTGTG at 340, CACGAT at 336.
- Positive strand, negative direction: CACAAG at 2244, CACAAT at 1721, CACGAG at 1182, CACGAG at 708, CACGAG at 572, CACGAG at 435.

## AGCE positive direction (4050-1) distal promoters
- Negative strand, positive direction: ATTGTG at 2679, CACGAG at 243.
- Positive strand, positive direction: CTCGTG at 3739, CACGAG at 3152, CTTGTG at 3095, CACGAG at 2090, CTCGTG at 1627, CTCGTG at 1207, CTCGTG at 955, CTCGTG at 855, CACAAG at 107.

# AGCE random dataset samplings

# AGCE analysis and results

# Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.
Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikiversity.