Telbivudine clinical studies

# Clinical Studies

## Clinical Experience in Nucleoside-Naive Adult
The safety and efficacy of long-term (104-week) Tyzeka treatment were evaluated in one active-controlled, clinical trial (NV-02B-007 GLOBE Trial) that included 1,367 subjects with chronic hepatitis B and a smaller supportive trial (NV-02B-015) that included 332 subjects. Subjects were 16 years of age or older, with chronic hepatitis B, evidence of HBV infection with viral replication (HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative, HBV DNA detectable by a PCR assay), and elevated ALT levels greater than or equal to 1.3 x ULN, no evidence of hepatic decompensation, and chronic inflammation on liver biopsy compatible with chronic viral hepatitis.
NV-02B-007 GLOBE Trial
The Week 52 and Week 104 results of the 007 GLOBE trial are summarized below.
The 007 GLOBE trial was a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, multinational trial of Tyzeka 600 mg once daily compared to lamivudine 100 mg once daily for a treatment period of 104 weeks in 1,367 (n= 680 Tyzeka; n=687 lamivudine) nucleoside-naive chronic hepatitis B HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative subjects. The primary data analysis was conducted after all subjects had reached Week 52.
HBeAg-positive Subjects: (n= 458 Tyzeka; n= 463 lamivudine) The mean age of subjects was 32 years, 74% were male, 82% were Asian, 12% were Caucasian, and 6% had previously received alfa-interferon therapy. At baseline, subjects had a mean Knodell Necroinflammatory Score greater than or equal to 7; mean serum HBV DNA as measured by Roche COBAS Amplicor PCR assay was 9.52 log10 copies per mL; and mean serum ALT was 153 IU per L. Pre- and post-liver biopsy samples were adequate for 86% of subjects.
HBeAg-negative Subjects: (n=222 Tyzeka; n= 224 lamivudine) The mean age of subjects was 43 years, 77% were male, 65% were Asian, 23% were Caucasian, and 11% had previously received alfa-interferon therapy. At baseline, subjects had a mean Knodell Necroinflammatory Score greater than or equal to 7; mean serum HBV DNA as measured by Roche COBAS Amplicor PCR assay was 7.54 log10 copies per mL; and mean serum ALT was 140 IU per L. Pre- and post-liver biopsy samples were adequate for 92% of subjects.
Clinical Results
Clinical and virologic efficacy endpoints were evaluated separately in the HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative subject populations.
The primary endpoint of Therapeutic Response at Week 52 was a composite endpoint requiring suppression of HBV DNA to less than 5 log10 copies per mL in conjunction with either loss of serum HBeAg or ALT normalization. Key secondary endpoints included histologic response, ALT normalization, and measures of virologic response.
At Week 52, in HBeAg-positive subjects, 75% of Tyzeka subjects and 67% of lamivudine subjects had a Therapeutic Response; in HBeAg-negative subjects, 75% of Tyzeka subjects and 77% of lamivudine subjects had a Therapeutic Response.
Analysis of the histological response at Week 52 is shown in Table 6.
Subjects were eligible to continue blinded treatment to Week 104. In the ITT population, 624/680 (92%) Tyzeka recipients and 599/687 (87%) lamivudine recipients completed trial treatment to Week 104. At Week 104, in HBeAg-positive subjects, 63% of Tyzeka subjects and 48% of lamivudine subjects had a Therapeutic Response, while in HBeAg-negative subjects 78% of Tyzeka subjects and 66% of lamivudine subjects had a Therapeutic Response.
Selected virologic, biochemical, and serologic outcome measures at Weeks 52 and 104 are shown in Table 7.
Subjects who achieved non-detectable HBV DNA levels at 24 weeks were more likely to undergo e-antigen seroconversion, achieve undetectable levels of HBV DNA, normalize ALT, and were less likely to develop resistance at one and two years.
NV-02B-015 Trial
The efficacy results of the 007 GLOBE trial were supported by results of trial NV-02B-015. This was a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, trial of Tyzeka 600 mg once daily compared to lamivudine 100 mg once daily for a treatment period of 104 weeks in 332 (n=167 Tyzeka; n=165 lamivudine) nucleoside-naive chronic hepatitis B HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative Chinese subjects. The primary efficacy endpoint was serum HBV DNA reduction from baseline. In this trial, the composite endpoint Therapeutic Response was a key secondary endpoint. Histological response was not assessed as an outcome measure in this trial.
Clinical Results
Among HBeAg-positive subjects (n=147 Tyzeka; n=143 lamivudine) results for key endpoints at Week 104 included Therapeutic Response (66% vs. 41%), mean HBV DNA reduction (-5.47 vs. -3.97 log10 copies per mL), HBV DNA PCR negativity (58% vs. 34%), ALT normalization (73% vs. 59%), HBeAg loss (40% vs. 28%) and HBeAg seroconversion (29% vs. 20%), for Tyzeka and lamivudine, respectively. Because the number of HBeAg-negative subjects in this trial was small (n=42), definitive conclusions could not be drawn regarding efficacy outcomes in this subpopulation.