Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
AIDA interactive educational freeware diabetes simulator
AIDA v4 is a freeware computer program that permits the interactive simulation of plasma insulin and blood glucose (BG) profiles for demonstration, teaching, self-learning, and research purposes.  It has been made freely available on the World Wide Web as a non-commercial contribution to continuing diabetes education.  In the 10 years since its internet launch over 700,000 visits have been logged at the AIDA Websites and well over 200,000 copies of the program have been downloaded.   Further copies have been made available, in the past, on diskette by the system developers and from the British Diabetic Association (now called Diabetes UK), London, U.K. 

# Overview of AIDA model
AIDA v4 has been described in detail in the medical / scientific / computing literature   .  It incorporates a compartmental model that describes glucose-insulin interaction in patients completely lacking endogenous insulin secretion.  It contains a single extra-cellular glucose compartment into which glucose enters via both absorption from the intestine and glucose production from the liver.  The AIDA v4 model] also contains separate compartments for plasma and active insulin, the latter being responsible for glycaemic control while insulin is removed from the former by liver degradation.  Full details of the AIDA v4 model are accessible from within the AIDA software package  and can be viewed and printed separately via the AIDA website.

# Limitations of model
It is important to note that AIDA v4, like other model-based approaches, is not sufficiently accurate to be used for individual patient simulation or glycaemic prediction      .  Therefore, as the program makes clear, it is not intended for therapy planning and can only be used for teaching, self-learning, demonstration, or research purposes.  While the AIDA v4 software can simulate a wide variety of insulin dosage and diet adjustments, it should be stressed that the purpose of AIDA is to create a learning environment for communicating and training intuitive thinking when dealing with such adjustments.  In this respect AIDA appears most of use for recreating clinical situations  rather than trying to predict best outcome.

# Use as an educational tool
The AIDA v4 software comes with forty educational case scenarios as standard, each of which represents a snapshot of the metabolic status of a typical patient with respect to insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus.  It is easy for users to add or create further case scenarios, as required.  Examples of the application of AIDA v4 as an educational tool can be found in various journal articles     and a full demonstration can be viewed on line at, or downloaded without charge from, the AIDA Website.

# User reviews
Independent user reviews of the AIDA software can be found on the Web at  and  as well as in the medical / diabetes / computing literature     .  The AIDA diabetes simulator has been independently selected for inclusion in the United Kingdom National Health Service National Library for Health Diabetes Specialist Library list of Web resources.
Abacavir lamivudine zidovudine dosage and administration

# Adosage And Administration
- A Medication Guide and Warning Card that provide information about recognition of hypersensitivity reactions should be dispensed with each new prescription and refill.
- TRIZIVIR can be taken with or without food.

## Adults and Adolescent Patients
The recommended oral dose of TRIZIVIR is one tablet twice daily.
TRIZIVIR is not recommended in adolescents who weigh less than 40 kg because it is a fixed-dose tablet and cannot be dose adjusted.

## Dosage Adjustment
Because it is a fixed-dose combination, TRIZIVIR should not be prescribed for:
- patients requiring dosage adjustment such as those with creatinine clearance <50 mL/min.
- patients with hepatic impairment.
Acute coronary syndrome pre-hospital evaluation and care

# 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization. Preprocedural assessment and the Heart Team (Please do not edit)

## The heart Team

## Predicting Patient Risk of Death With CABG

# ACC / AHA 2007 Guidelines - Acute Coronary Syndrome - Initial Evaluation and Management (Clinical Assessment) (DO NOT EDIT) 

# Sources
- The ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

# Overview
Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a fatty acid oxidation disorder which prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food.
Those affected by this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that breaks down a group of fats called very long-chain fatty acids.

# Diagnosis
Typically, initial signs and symptoms of this disorder occur during infancy and include low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), lack of energy (lethargy), and muscle weakness. There is also a high risk of complications such as liver abnormalities and life-threatening heart problems. Symptoms that begin later in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood tend to be milder and usually do not involve heart problems. Episodes of very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting, illness, and exercise.
It is common for babies and children with the early and childhood types of VLCADD to have episodes of illness called metabolic crises. Some of the first symptoms of a metabolic crisis are: extreme sleepiness, behavior changes, irritable mood, poor appetite.
Some of these other symptoms of VLCADD in infants may also follow: fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, hypoglycemia.

# Treatment
If a metabolic crisis is not treated, a child with VLCADD can develop: breathing problems, seizures, coma, sometimes leading to death.

# Genetics
File:Autorecessive.svg
Mutations in the ACADVL gene lead to inadequate levels of an enzyme called very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase. Without this enzyme, very long-chain fatty acids from food and fats stored in the body cannot be degraded and processed. As a result, these fatty acids are not converted into energy, which can lead to characteristic signs and symptoms of this disorder, such as lethargy and hypoglycemia. Levels of very long-chain fatty acids or partially degraded fatty acids may build up in tissues and can damage the heart, liver, and muscles, causing more serious complications.
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome historical perspective

# Overview
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) was first discovered by Ruvalcaba, in 1980.Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome was also mentioned with different names previously by different doctors thinking that they were describing a new condition.

# Historical Perspective
- Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) was first discovered by Ruvalcaba, in 1980.
- Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome was also mentioned with different names previously by different doctors thinking that they were describing a new condition and the names are as follows:
Ruvalcaba-Myhre syndrome
Riley-Smith syndrome
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome
- Ruvalcaba-Myhre syndrome
- Riley-Smith syndrome
- Bannayan-Zonana syndrome
- The overlap of symptoms between Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Ruvalcaba-Riley syndrome was made in 1996.
Contraindications and cautions for fibrinolysis in STEMI

# Absolute contraindications to thrombolysis
- Any prior ICH
- Known structural cerebrovascular lesion (e.g., arteriovenous malformation)
- Known malignant intracranial neoplasm (primary or metastatic)
- Ischemic stroke within 3 months except acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours
- Suspected aortic dissection
- Active bleeding or bleeding diathesis (except menses)

# Relative contraindications to thrombolysis
- History of chronic, severe, poorly controlled hypertension
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension on presentation (systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >110 mm Hg)
- Traumatic or prolonged (>10 min) cardiopulmonary resuscitation or major surgery (within <3 weeks)
- Recent (within 2 to 4 weeks) internal bleeding
- Non compressible vascular punctures
- For streptokinase/anistreplase: prior exposure (>5 days) or prior allergic reaction to these agents
- Pregnancy
- Active peptic ulcer
- History of prior ischemic stroke (>3 months), dementia, or known intracranial pathology not covered in absolute contraindications
- Current use of anticoagulants: the higher the INR, the higher the risk of bleeding
Differentiating Diabetic nephropathy from other diseases

# Overview
Diabetic nephropathy should be differentiated from other causes of glomerular disease such as nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, Fabry's disease, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture's syndrome), Cryoglobulinemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, amyloidosis, pulmonary-renal syndromes (vasculitis), thin basement membrane disease, Alport's Syndrome, anti-GBM Disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and subacute bacterial endocarditis. The various types of glomerular diseases may be differentiated from each other based on associations, presence of pitting edema, hematuria, hypertension, hemoptysis, oliguria, peri-orbital edema, hyperlipidemia, type of antibodies, light and electron microscopic features.

# Differential Diagnosis
Diabetic nephropathy should be differentiated from other causes of glomerular disease. The various types of glomerular diseases may be differentiated from each other based on associations, presence of pitting edema, hematuria, hypertension, hemoptysis, oliguria, peri-orbital edema, hyperlipidemia, type of antibodies, light and electron microscopic features. The following table differentiates between various types of glomerular diseases:
Some infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, leprosy, malaria, and schistosomiasis may cause glomerular diseases.
Differentiating Hypertriglyceridemia from other Diseases

# Overview
Hypertriglyceridemia should be differentiated from other conditions which may present similarly and give abnormal lipid tests like diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, hypothyroidism and use of certain drugs.

# Differentiating Hypertriglyceridemia
- Diabetes - Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, retinopathy and neuropathy may be present.
- Liver disease - Spider angioma or jaundice (stigmata of chronic liver disease)
- Hypothyroidism - Weight gain, sluggishness, dry hair/skin
- Renal failure - Pruritus, elevated BUN and creatinine
- Medications - estrogens, retinoic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, beta-blockers and antiretroviral therapy (lipodystrophy)
Differentiating Polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases

# Overview
Polyarteritis nodosa must be differentiated from other diseases that cause may lead to medium vessel vasculitis. The diseases that can lead to medium vessel vasculitis are polyarteritis nodosa, kawasaki disease, infections, cardiovascular diseases and systemic diseases.

# Differentiating Polyarteritis Nodosa from other Diseases
- The following table differentiates polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases that may lead to medium vessel vasculitis.
Abbreviations:
ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.
Differentiating Renal osteodystrophy from other diseases

# Overview
 must be differentiated from other diseases that cause , , and , such as , , and .
OR
 must be differentiated from , , and .

# Differentiating  from other Diseases
 must be differentiated from other diseases that cause , , and , such as , , and .
OR
 must be differentiated from , , and .
OR
As  manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype.  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause , such as  and . In contrast,  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause , such as  and .

## Differentiating  from other diseases on the basis of , , and 
On the basis , , and ,  must be differentiated from , , , , , and .
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma epidemiology and demographics

# Overview

# Epidemiology and Demographics

## Age
- Clinical data shows most people with gallbladder cancer are older than 70.
- Gallbladder adenocarcinoma predominantly affects older persons with long-standing cholecystolithiasis.

## Gender
- Epidemiology data shows women are about twice as likely to develop gallbladder cancer as men.

## Race
- Epidemiology data demonstrates that Mexican Americans and Native Americans, particularly in the southwestern United States, are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than the general population.
Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine warnings and precautions

# Warnings And Precautions

## Guillain-Barre Syndrome
If Guillain-Barre syndrome has occurred within 6 weeks of receipt of a prior vaccine containing tetanus toxoid, the decision to give any tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine, including HIBERIX, should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and possible risks.

## Latex
The tip caps of the prefilled syringes may contain natural rubber latex which may cause allergic reactions in latex sensitive individuals .

## Syncope
Syncope (fainting) can occur in association with administration of injectable vaccines, including HIBERIX. Syncope can be accompanied by transient neurological signs such as visual disturbance, paresthesia, and tonic-clonic limb movements. Procedures should be in place to avoid falling injury and to restore cerebral perfusion following syncope.

## Preventing and Managing Allergic Vaccine Reactions
Prior to administration, the healthcare provider should review the patient's immunization history for possible vaccine hypersensitivity. Epinephrine and other appropriate agents used for the control of immediate allergic reactions must be immediately available should an acute anaphylactic reaction occur.

## Altered Immunocompetence
Safety and effectiveness of HIBERIX in immunosuppressed children have not been evaluated. If HIBERIX is administered to immunosuppressed children, including children receiving immunosuppressive therapy, the expected immune response may not be obtained.

## Interference With Laboratory Tests
Urine antigen detection may not have a diagnostic value in suspected disease due to H. influenzae type b within 1 to 2 weeks after receipt of a H. influenzae type b-containing vaccine, including HIBERIX .

## Tetanus Immunization
Immunization with HIBERIX does not substitute for routine tetanus immunization.
International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
The ICEID or International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases is a conference for public health professionals on the subject of emerging infectious diseases.
From CDC page for ICEID:
The International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases was first convened in 1998; ICEID 2006 marks its fifth occurrence. The conference brings together public health professional to encourage the exchange of scientific and public health information on global emerging infectious disease issues. The program will include plenary and panel sessions with invited speakers as well as oral and poster presentations on emerging infections. Major topics include current work on surveillance, epidemiology, research, communication and training, bioterrorism, and preventions and control of emerging infectious diseases, both in the United States and abroad.

# 2006 conference
Major subjects covered include :
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Bioterrorism and Preparedness
- Foodborne and Waterborne Illnesses
- Global Health
- Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology
- Nosocomial Infections
- Socio-economic and Political Factors
- Vector-borne Diseases
- Zoonotic Diseases
From Yahoo news report :
Speaking to the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases in Atlanta, Garten said the pool of H5N1 candidates with the potential to cause a human influenza pandemic is getting more genetically diverse, which makes studying the virus more complex and heightens the need for increased surveillance. "As the virus continues its geographic expansion, it is also undergoing genetic diversity expansion," Garten said in a statement.
Independent and identically-distributed random variables

# Overview
In probability theory, a sequence or other collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) if each has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent.
The abbreviation i.i.d. is particularly common in statistics (often as iid, sometimes written IID), where observations in a sample are often assumed to be (more-or-less) i.i.d. for the purposes of statistical inference.  The assumption (or requirement) that observations be i.i.d. tends to simplify the underlying mathematics of many statistical methods.  However, in practical applications this may or may not be realistic.
This is important in the classical form of the central limit theorem, which states that the probability distribution of the sum (or average) of i.i.d. variables with finite variance approaches a normal distribution, becoming acceptably close when sample size n > 29.

# Examples
The following are examples or applications of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables:
- All other things being equal, a sequence of outcomes of spins of a roulette wheel is i.i.d.  From a practical point of view, an important implication of this is that if the roulette ball lands on 'red', for example, 20 times in a row, the next spin is no more or less likely to be 'black' than on any other spin.
- All other things being equal, a sequence of die rolls is i.i.d.
- All other things being equal, a sequence of coin flips is i.i.d.
- One of the simplest statistical tests, the z-test, is used to test hypotheses about means of random variables.  When using the z-test, one assumes (requires) that all observations are i.i.d. in order to satisfy the conditions of the central limit theorem.
Lymphangiomyomatosis future or investigational therapies
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# Overview

# Future or Investigational Therapies
- Doxycycline has been proposed as a treatment with minimal side-effects.
- Sirolimus is being tested for the treatment of LAM. The MILES Trial (Multicenter International LAM Efficacy of Sirolimus Trial) is now underway. The first site, the University of Cincinnati, is open for enrollment. The National Institutes of Health will open enrollment soon. The MILES Trial is randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled. The objective of the Trial is to determine if sirolimus has a beneficial effect on lung function in LAM patients.
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) is a surgical treatment for coronary heart disease that is a less invasive method of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). MIDCAB gains surgical access to the heart with a smaller incision than other types of CABG. MIDCAB is sometimes referred to as "keyhole" heart surgery because the operation is analogous to operating through a keyhole.
MIDCAB is a form of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), performed "off-pump" - without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (the heart-lung machine).  MIDCAB differs from OPCAB in the type of incision used for the surgery; with traditional CABG and OPCAB a median sternotomy (dividing the breastbone) provides access the heart; with MIDCAB, the surgeon enters the chest cavity through a mini-thoracotomy (a 2-to-3 inch incision between the ribs).
The MIDCAB approach is usually reserved for cases requiring one or two bypasses; typically bypassing arteries on the front of the heart, such as the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.  In most cases, the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) is used as the bypass conduit and anastomosed to the LAD.  Patients requiring more than one or two bypasses are usually not candidates for MIDCAB because of limited access to vessels on the back side of the heart.

# MIDCAB in hybrid revascularization
People with multi-vessel coronary disease and desire a minimally invasive approach to surgery may be eligible for hybrid bypass.  A hybrid approach combines coronary bypass (using the MIDCAB approach) and coronary stenting.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (Estonia)
Estonia's Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, passed on June 11, 1997, is a law designed to fulfill  that country's treaty obligations under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The Act establishes four Schedules of drugs. Schedule I comprises "narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances the handling of which is prohibited in Estonia except in the cases prescribed by law." Schedules II, III, IV comprise prescription drugs.
The Act divides precursors into two categories: Schedule I (bases) and Schedule II (reagents).
The Act provides for drug addiction prevention and treatment, including involuntary hospitalization.