Nuclear factor Y gene transcriptions
The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex NF-Y, forming a highly conserved transcription factor that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoter regions in a variety of genes.
Subunit NFYA associates with a tight dimer composed of the NFYB and NFYC subunits, resulting in a trimer that binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. The sequence specific interactions of the complex are made by the NFYA subunit, suggesting a role as the regulatory subunit.
There is evidence of post-transcriptional regulation in this gene product, either by protein degradation or control of translation.
Regulation is represented by alternative splicing in the glutamine-rich activation domain, with clear tissue-specific preferences for the two isoforms.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYB gene.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYC gene.
NF-Y complex serves as a pioneer factor by promoting chromatin accessibility to facilitate other co-localizing cell type-specific transcription factors.
NF-Y has also been implicated as a central player in transcription start site (TSS) selection in animals.
It safeguards the integrity of the nucleosome-depleted region and PIC localization at protein-coding gene promoters. Observation of the histone nature of these subunits is supported by two types of evidence; protein sequence alignments and experiments with mutants.
Additional regulation, preliminarily supported by the EST database, may be represented by alternative splicing in this subunit C.
Two microRNAs; miR-30c and miR-30e are located within introns of the nfyc gene. These microRNAs are actively transcribed in human insulin-producing beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans that also show high expression of nfyc and CDH1 genes. The expression of these intronic microRNAs is essential for maintaining the differentiated phenotype of human islet beta cells. Inhibition of miR-30 family microRNAs induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human pancreatic islet cells.

# Human genes
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYA gene.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYB gene.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYC gene.

# Interactions
NFYA has been shown to interact with:
- Serum response factor and
- ZHX1.
NFYB has been shown to interact with:
- CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta (CEBPZ),
- CNTN2,
- Myc, and
- TATA binding protein (TBP)
NFYC has been shown to interact with:
- Myc.
NFYA, NFYB and NFYC form the NFY complex and it has been shown that the NFY complex serves as a pioneer factor by promoting chromatin accessibility to facilitate other co-localizing cell type-specific transcription factors.

# Consensus sequences
Consensus sequences for the nuclear factor Y are CAATGGCG, CCAATGGAA and CCAATGGCA.

# NFY samplings
Copying an apparent consensus sequence for the NFY CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G) and putting it in "F" finds none located between ZSCAN22 and none between ZNF497 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G) (starting with SuccessablesNFY.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction, looking for CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G), 0.
- positive strand, negative direction, looking for CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G), 0.
- positive strand, positive direction, looking for CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G), 0.
- negative strand, positive direction, looking for CCAATGG(A/C)(A/G), 0.
- complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for GGTTACC(G/T)(C/T), 0.
- complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for GGTTACC(G/T)(C/T), 0.
- complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for GGTTACC(G/T)(C/T), 0.
- complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for GGTTACC(G/T)(C/T), 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for (C/T)(G/T)CCATTGG, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for (C/T)(G/T)CCATTGG, 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for (C/T)(G/T)CCATTGG, 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for (C/T)(G/T)CCATTGG, 0.
- inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for (A/G)(A/C)GGTAACC, 0.
- inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for (A/G)(A/C)GGTAACC, 0.
- inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for (A/G)(A/C)GGTAACC, 0.
- inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for (A/G)(A/C)GGTAACC, 0.

# Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.