Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Cefpodoxime how supplied
VANTIN Tablets are available in the following strengths (cefpodoxime equivalent), colors, and sizes:
100 mg (light orange, elliptical, debossed with U3617) 
Bottles of 20                                              NDC 0009-3617-01
Bottles of 100                                            NDC 0009-3617-02
Unit dose packs of 100                              NDC 0009-3617-03
200 mg (coral red, elliptical, debossed with U3618) 
Bottles of 20                                              NDC 0009-3618-01
Bottles of 100                                            NDC 0009-3618-02
Unit dose packs of 100                              NDC 0009-3618-03
Store tablets at controlled room temperature 20 to 25C (68 to 77F) .
Replace cap securely after each opening. Protect unit dose packs from excessive moisture.
VANTIN Oral Suspension provides the equivalent of 50 mg or 100 mg cefpodoxime per 5 mL suspension (when constituted as directed) and is available in lemon creme flavor in the following sizes:
50 mg/5 mL 
100-mL suspension                                    NDC 0009-3531-01
75-mL suspension                                      NDC 0009-3531-02
50-mL suspension                                      NDC 0009-3531-03
100 mg/5 mL 
100-mL suspension                                    NDC 0009-3615-01
75-mL suspension                                      NDC 0009-3615-02
50-mL suspension                                      NDC 0009-3615-03
Store unsuspended granules at controlled room temperature 20 to 25C (68 to 77F) .
Directions for mixing are included on the label. After mixing, suspension should be stored in a refrigerator, 2 to 8C (36 to 46F). Shake well before using. Keep container tightly closed. The mixture may be used for 14 days. Discard unused portion after 14 days.
Ceftaroline how supplied
Teflaro (ceftaroline fosamil) for injection is supplied in single-use, clear glass vials containing:
600 mg - individual vial (NDC 0456-0600-01) and carton containing 10 vials (NDC 0456-0600-10)
400 mg - individual vial (NDC 0456-0400-01) and carton containing 10 vials (NDC 0456-0400-10)
Unreconstituted Teflaro vials should be stored at 25C (77F); excursions permitted to 15-30C (59-86F) .
Ceftazidime how supplied
FORTAZ in the dry state should be stored between 15 and 30C (59 and 86F) and protected from light. FORTAZ is a dry, white to off-white powder supplied in vials as follows:
NDC 0173-0377-10     500-mg- Vial (Tray of 10)
NDC 0173-0378-10     1-g- Vial (Tray of 10)
NDC 0173-0379-34     2-g- Vial (Tray of 10)
NDC 0173-0382-37     6-g- Pharmacy Bulk Package (Tray of 6)
NDC 0173-0434-00     1-g ADD-Vantage Vial (Tray of 25)
NDC 0173-0435-00     2-g ADD-Vantage Vial (Tray of 10)
(The above ADD-Vantage vials are to be used only with Abbott ADD-Vantage diluent containers.)
FORTAZ frozen as a premixed solution of ceftazidime sodium should not be stored above -20C. FORTAZ is supplied frozen in 50-mL, single-dose, plastic containers as follows:
NDC 0173-0412-00     1-g- Plastic Container (Carton of 24)
NDC 0173-0413-00     2-g- Plastic Container (Carton of 24)
- Equivalent to anhydrous ceftazidime.
Tazicef in the dry state should be stored at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F)  and protected from light. Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) is a dry, white to off-white powder supplied in vials as follows:
Vials: equivalent to 1 gram and 2 grams of ceftazidime.
1 gram (tray of 25): NDC 0409-5082-16
2 gram (tray of 10): NDC 0409-5084-11
Piggyback Vials for IV admixture: equivalent to 1 gram of ceftazidime.
1 gram (tray of 10): NDC 0409-5083-11
ADD-Vantage Vials: equivalent to 1 gram and 2 grams of ceftazidime.
1 gram: NDC 0409-5092-16
2 gram: NDC 0409-5093-11
Also available as:
Pharmacy Bulk Vials: equivalent to 6 grams of ceftazidime.
6 gram (tray of 10): NDC 0409-5086-11
Ceftazidime for injection, USP in the dry state should be stored at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F)  and protected from light. Ceftazidime for Injection, USP is a white to cream-colored crystalline powder supplied in Pharmacy Bulk Package Bottles as follows:
Equivalent to anhydrous ceftazidime.
Ceftizoxime how supplied

# How Supplied
Cefizox (ceftizoxime injection) is supplied as a frozen, iso-osmotic, sterile, nonpyrogenic solution in 50 mL single dose Galaxy plastic containers (PL 2040) as follows:
NDC 0469-7220-01                          Product No. 722001
1 g ceftizoxime/50 mL container
NDC 0469-7221-02                          Product No. 722102
2 g ceftizoxime/50 mL container
Store at or below -20C/-4F.
Rx only
See   DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF CEFIZOX(ceftizoxime injection) IN Galaxy PLASTIC CONTAINER (PL 2040)
Galaxy is registered trademark of Baxter International Inc.
Ceftizoxime sodium is a product of Japan.
Marketed by:
Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
Deerfield, IL 60015
Manufactured by:
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Deerfield, IL 60015.
Ceftriaxone how supplied
Ceftriaxone for Injection, USP is supplied as a sterile crystalline powder in glass vials. The following packages are available:
Bulk pharmacy containers, containing 10 gm equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1 (NDC 60505-0679-5). NOT FOR DIRECT ADMINISTRATION.
OTHER SIZE PACKAGE AVAILABLE
Vials containing 250 mg equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1 (NDC 60505-0750-0) and 
box of 10 (NDC 60505-0750-4).
Vials containing 500 mg equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1 (NDC 60505-0751-0) and 
box of 10 (NDC 60505-0751-4).
Vials containing 1 gm equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1 (NDC 60505-0752-0) and 
box of 10 (NDC 60505-0752-4).
Vials containing 2 gm equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1 (NDC 60505-0753-0) and 
box of 10 (NDC 60505-0753-4).
Piggyback bottles containing 1 gm equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1(NDC 60505-6087-1).
Piggyback bottles containing 2 gm equivalent of ceftriaxone. Box of 1(NDC 60505-6088-1).
NOTE: Ceftriaxone for Injection,USP sterile powder should be stored at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F)  and protected from light.
Flagyl  is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle LLC.
Cell adhesion molecule 1
Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CADM1 gene.

# Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CADM1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Cadm1tm1.2Brd was generated. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out on homozygous mutant mice and one significant abnormality was observed: males were infertile. Further analysis showed spermatogenesis had arrested in these mice.

# Interactions
Cell adhesion molecule 1 has been shown to interact with EPB41L3.
Cenani Lenz syndactylism
Synonyms and keywords: Cenani syndactyly; Syndactyly type 7; CenaniLenz syndrome; Cenanisyndactylism

# Overview
CenaniLenz syndactylism, also known as CenaniLenz syndrome or Cenanisyndactylism, is an autosomal recessive congenital malformation syndrome involving both upper and lower extremities.

# Characteristics
It is characterized by a nearly symmetrical presence of a spoon hand (classical type) or, more frequently, an oligodactylous hand. Individuals with this syndrome present the following symptoms: carpal, metacarpal and digital synostoses, disorganization of carpal bones, numeric reduction of digital rays and toe syndactyly. Additionally, other symptoms may include radio-ulnar synostosis, brachymesomelia, radius head dislocation, metatarsal synostoses and numeric reduction of rays

# Cause and genetics
CenaniLenz syndactylism is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
In a test of the theory that the locus associated with the disorder was at 15q13-q14, FMN1 and GREM1 were eliminated as candidates.
It is associated with LRP4.

# Eponym
The syndrome is named after Turkish (Asim Cenani) and German (Widukind Lenz) medical geneticists.
Central Hospital, Hatton
Central Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in Hatton, Warwickshire, England. Building began in 1846 on a 42 acre site purchased from the Earl of Warwick and was completed in 1852, the first patients moving in on 30th June. It was originally named the Warwick County Lunatic Asylum and from 1930-1948 the Warwickshire County Mental Hospital. A classic Victorian asylum built on a grand scale in the gothic style it at one point housed 1,600 patients.
Eventually gaining over 377 acres of land, the hospital patients provided most of their own food from three farms in the grounds and a spring supplied it with water. Many of the staff lived there too, it was more like a village than a hospital. It even had its own sports pitches, coffin maker and a chapel which was completed in 1862. Nevertheless it was, in the early days, a reasonably hard place to be treated by modern standards.
Mentally ill patients were subjected to, amoungst other things, electric shock therapy. It was later said that certain rooms were haunted by dead patients. However compared to contemporary poor house asylums and established public asylums like Bedlam, Central treated their patients quite kindly with parties and drama productions regularly held for, and by, patients who were allowed a lot of freedom within the hospital grounds.
In 1933 the first voluntary admissions were allowed and outpatient clinics were opened in the neighbouring urban areas of Warwick, Leamington and Coventry. In 1948 the hospital joined the National Health Service freeing up the patients to the outside world as never before. In the 1950s and 1960s the hospital evolved further. With the increasing population and understanding of mental illnesses the hospital was overcrowded for over 20 years between 1945 and the late 1960s. A step in the right direction during that time however was the building of Nuffield House in partnership with the Nuffield Foundation. These were rehabilitation units which were in essense a halfway house between the wards of the main hospital and a typical suburban home and were supervised but not totally controlled by staff.
The hospital was officially closed on 31st July 1995 when it was decided a more modern and less imposing hospital was needed. Many of the buildings were razed to the ground and a housing estate, Hatton Park, was built there. However some of the old buildings are listed and remained, albeit as houses. The new purpose built hospital, St Michael's, is located four miles away in the town of Warwick.
Charcoal-burning suicide
Charcoal-burning suicide is a suicide method that first appeared in Hong Kong in 1998.  The method became popular and spread to South China, Taiwan, overseas Chinese and Japanese communities.
A person committing suicide burns charcoal in a closed room.  The oxygen in the air of the room is gradually exhausted as the charcoal burns.  In the meantime, incomplete combustion of carbon  produces carbon monoxide which combines with hemoglobin, hindering the delivery of oxygen to the body.  The person will die from carbon monoxide poisoning or hypoxia.
In November 1998, a middle-aged woman committed suicide using this method in her bedroom.  As this method is not listed in Tsurumi's Complete  Manual of Suicide from 1993, she may have invented it herself using her chemical engineering background.  Meanwhile, Hong Kong was suffering from an economic depression at the time, and suicide in general was increasing.  After the details of this suicide were highly publicised by local mass media, many others attempted and succeeded in committing suicide in this way.  Within two months, charcoal-burning had became the third major suicide killer in Hong Kong.  Charcoal-burning suicide accounted for 1.7% of Hong Kong suicides in 1998 and 10.1% in 1999.   By 2001, it had surpassed hanging as the second most-common method of suicide in Hong Kong (behind only jumping), accounting for about 25% of all suicide deaths.  The method then spread to mainland China, Taiwan and Japan.
The method is described as "easy and painless" compared to other suicide methods.  Unlike jumping from a high-rise building or cutting with a knife, the suicidal person does not have to overcome their fear.  To relieve the possible discomfort of suffocation, one might take drugs or alcohol.   Some experts challenge the description of the method as painless, noting that the lack of oxygen can cause choking.
A survivor of this method usually needs intensive care.  They may have permanent brain damage.
In order to prevent charcoal burning, the Hong Kong SAR government replaced the traditional countryside charcoal barbecue with an electronic grill. Some non-government organizations worked with charcoal retailers to promote the message of "treasure your life" by putting "seek help" labels on the charcoal bags.
Chiropractic - Economics
Chiropractic Main Article
Chiropractic is the largest alternative medical profession in the U.S. and is the 3rd largest doctoral profession behind only medicine and dentistry in North America. 

# Utilization and satisfaction rates
The percentage of population that utilize chiropractic care at any given time generally fall into a range from 6% to 12% in the U.S. and Canada, with a global high of 20% in Alberta. The vast majority who seek chiropractic care do so for relief from back and neck pain and other neuromusculoskeletal complaints; most do so specifically for low back pain. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners such as chiropractors are often used as a complementary form of care to primary medical intervention. Satisfaction rates are typically higher for chiropractic care compared to medical care, with quality of communication seeming to be a consistent predictor of patient satisfaction with chiropractors. Despite high patient satisfaction scores, utilization of chiropractic care is sensitive to the costs incurred by the co-payment by the patient. The use of chiropractic is growing modestly; CAM as a whole is seeing wholesale increases. Employment of U.S. chiropractors is expected to increase 14% between 2006 and 2016, faster than the average for all occupations. A 2008 survey stated that 69% of DC chiropractors disagree with the categorization of chiropractic as CAM, with 27% having some preference for the term "integrated medicine."

# Cost-effectiveness
A 2006 qualitative review found that the research literature suggests that chiropractic obtains at least comparable outcomes to alternatives with potential cost savings. A 2006 UK systematic cost-effectiveness review found that the reported cost-effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation compares favorably with other treatments for back pain, but that reports are based on data from clinical trials without sham controls and that the specific cost-effectiveness of the treatment (as opposed to non-specific effects) remains uncertain. A 2005 systematic review of economic evaluations of conservative treatments for low back pain found that significant quality problems in available studies meant that definite conclusions could not be drawn about the most cost-effective intervention. The cost-effectiveness of maintenance chiropractic care is unknown.
Chiropractic - Positions
Chiropractic Main Article
In modern times the profession, through the venue of the World Federation of Chiropractic, or through National Associations,  has taken certain positions on various public health matters.
Some of the most important and some of the most controversial are:

# Vaccination
Although the American Chiropractic Association and the International Chiropractic Association generally support vaccinations, so too do they support individual exemptions to compulsory vaccination laws. The Canadian Chiropractic Association supports vaccination; surveys in Canada in 2000 and 2002 found that 40% of chiropractors supported vaccination, although over a quarter opposed it and advised patients against vaccinating themselves or their children.
Many who generally support vaccination, also feel that there are too many vaccinations given to infants too soon. So, the consensus is that vaccination's benefits "depend" on which vaccine and how many are given at what schedule.
Although vaccination is one of the most cost-effective forms of prevention against infectious disease, it remains controversial within the chiropractic community. Most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus on its negative aspects, claiming that it is hazardous or ineffective. Evidence-based chiropractors have embraced vaccination, but a minority of the profession rejects it, as original chiropractic philosophy traces diseases to causes in the spine and states that diseases cannot be affected by vaccines.
Cholesterol pericarditis

# Overview
Cholesterol pericarditis is a rare disorder. It was first described by Alexander in 1919  in a patient who had a pericardial effusion which resembled gold paint. The pathophysiology of cholesterol pericarditis is unclear. It has been associated with hypothyroidism, and may respond to therapy for hypothyroidism. In the absence of hypothyroidism, there are a variety of associated diseases, and it has been speculated that these result in reduced absorption of cholesterol by an inflamed pericardium.

# Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of cholesterol pericarditis is unclear.
Hypothyroidism is associated with effusions in several locations including the pleura, peritoneum and the pericardium. Hypothyroidism is also associated with hypercholesterolemia. It is therefore no surprise therefore thathypothyroidism may be a cause of the cholesterol accumulation.  Consistent with the pathophysiologic role of hypothyroidism, the pericardial effusion in some of these patients does respond to treatment of the hypothyroidism.  In Brawley's series , the average serum cholesterol was 293 mg/dl in the nine cases of hypothyroidism.
Using carbon labeled cholesterol, decreased resorption of cholesterol was documented in a patient with chronic pericarditis of unknown etiology.

# Diagnosis

## Symptoms
Patients may complain of non specific symptos such as fatigue, dyspnea, and chest pain. 
Depending upon the rate and extent of their presentations the patient may complain of dyspnea, orthopnea, or syncope, signs and symptoms consistent with tamponade.

## Physical Examination
The findings on physical examination are those of a large pericardial effusion.
Neck: Elevated neck veins.
Heart: A diffuse apical impulse.  Heart sounds are diminished.
Abdomen: Ascites may be present
Extremities: Edema

## Electrocardiogram
The electrocardiogram generally shows low amplitude in the precordial leads and nonspecific T wave changes.

## Chest x-ray
The chest film may show cardiomegaly.

## Differential Diagnosis of Associated Conditions
The largest collection of cases reported on in the literature was by Brawley, who reported the following associations:
- Hypothyroidism (11 of 47 patients in a series by Brawley had associated hypothyroidism)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (5 of 47 patients in the Brawley series)
- Hypertension (3 of 47 patients in the Brawley series)
- Tuberculosis (3 of 47 patients in the Brawley series)
Less common causes:
- Atrial septal defect
- Mitral stenosis
- Sheehan's syndrome
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Idiopathic in 21 of the 47 patients in the Brawley series

# Diagnosis
Examination of the pericardial fluid in cholesterol pericarditis shows cholesterol crystals, foam cells, macrophages and giant cells. The fluid in cholesterol pericarditis is clear, and classically is said to have a glittering "gold paint" appearance.

# Treatment
Underlying treatment of hypothyroidism may aid in the resolution of the pericardial effusion.  Otherwise, pericardial drainage and pericardiectomy is recommended. There is undocumented support for steroid installation into the pericardium.
Chondrostereum purpureum
Chondrostereum purpureum is a plant pathogen which causes the Silver leaf desease of fruit trees; plums are especially vulnerable .
In the past the name Stereum purpureum Pers. was widely used for this fungus, but according to modern taxonomy it is only distantly related to Stereum, actually belonging to order Polyporales whereas Stereum is in order Russulales..

# Characteristics
After starting as just a crust on the wood, the fruiting structure develops undulating intergrowing brackets up to about 3cm broad, which have a tough rubbery texture.  The edges and fertile lower surfaces show a fairly vivid violet colour while the fungus is growing, and the upper surfaces have a grey aspect (sometimes with zonation) and are covered with whitish hairs.  After a week or two the fructification dries out, becomes brittle, and turns a drab brown or beige.    Infected wood can be recognized because it is stained a darker tint. 
The spores are rounded cylinders approximately 5-8m x 3-4m in size.  The hyphal structure is monomitic with clamp connections.
It is often found on old stumps and dead wood, but can also be a serious parasite of living trees. As well as plum trees it attacks many other broad-leafed species (other Prunus,  apple, pear, willow, poplar, maple, hornbeam, plane, oak, elm, lilac, and many others).    Occasionally it also infects conifers (fir, spruce, Thuya, ...).  Geographically it is roughly speaking just as widespread as its hosts - it is common in woods, orchards and  tree plantations in temperate climates.

# A biological control agent
C. purpureum is commercially available as a method of combatting forest "weed" trees such as red alder, aspens, and others (see U.S. patent 5587158 and Canadian patent 2451038).  The fungus is applied directly to the weed trees in a nutrient paste which can be stored and handled conveniently.  According to a report of the Canadian Pest Management Agency, the use of this control method will only have a limited impact on non-target trees since the fungus spores are ubiquitous anyway and healthy trees are resistant to attack.
Chromium(III) picolinate
Chromium picolinate is the chemical compound that is sold as a nutritional supplement to prevent or treat chromium deficiency.  This bright red coordination complex is derived from chromium(III) and picolinic acid.  Small quantities of chromium are needed for glucose utilization by insulin in normal health, but deficiency is extremely rare in developed nations.

# Health claims and debates
Some commercial organizations promote chromium picolinate as an aid to body development for athletes and as a means of losing weight. But a number of studies have failed to demonstrate an effect of chromium picolinate on either muscle growth or fat loss.
Claims have been made that the picolinate form of chromium supplementation is of benefit in reducing insulin resistance, particularly in diabetics. A meta-analysis of chromium supplementation studies showed no association between chromium and glucose or insulin concentrations for non-diabetics, and inconclusive results for diabetics. But this study has been challenged on grounds that it excluded significant results.
There is concern that chromium picolinate is more likely to cause DNA damage and mutation than other forms of trivalent chromium., but these results are also debated. Other studies indicate that chromium picolinate is safe at even very high doses.