Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Lateral plantar artery
The lateral plantar artery (external plantar artery), much larger than the medial, passes obliquely lateralward and forward to the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.
It then turns medialward to the interval between the bases of the first and second metatarsal bones, where it unites with the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery, thus completing the plantar arch.
As this artery passes lateralward, it is first placed between the calcaneus and Abductor hallucis, and then between the Flexor digitorum brevis and Quadratus plant as it runs forward to the base of the little toe it lies more superficially between the Flexor digitorum brevis and Abductor digiti quinti, covered by the plantar aponeurosis and integument.
The remaining portion of the vessel is deeply situated; it extends from the base of the fifth metatarsal bone to the proximal part of the first interosseous space, and forms the plantar arch; it is convex forward, lies below the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones and the corresponding Interossei, and upon the oblique part of the Adductor hallucis.

# Additional images
- Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
Laurence-Moon syndrome
Laurence-Moon syndrome is a rare hereditary condition associated with retinitis pigmentosa, spastic paraplegia, hypogonadism and mental retardation.

# Eponym and nomenclature
It is named after the physicians John Zachariah Laurence and Robert Charles Moon who provided the first formal description of the condition in a paper published in 1866.
In the past, this condition has also been referred to as Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl or Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome, but Bardet-Biedl syndrome is now usually recognized as a separate entity. However, some recent research suggests that the two conditions may not be distinct.
Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula angustifolia (also Lavandula spica or Lavandula vera; Common Lavender, True lavender, or inaccurately, "English" Lavender; formerly L. officinalis) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the western Mediterranean region, primarily in the Pyrenees and other mountains in northern Spain.  It is not native to England despite being commonly called 'English lavender' in some regions.
It is a strongly aromatic shrub growing to 1-2 m tall. The leaves are evergreen, 2-6 cm long and 4-6 mm broad. The flowers are pinkish-purple (lavender-coloured), produced on spikes 2-8 cm long at the top of slender leafless stems 10-30 cm long.

# Cultivation
It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant. It is popular for its colourful flowers, its fragrance and its ability to survive with low water consumption. It does not grow well in continuously damp soil. It is fairly cold hardy, generally considered hardy to USDA zone 5.

# Use
In addition to its use as an ornamental plant, the flowers and leaves are also used as an herbal medicine, either in the form of lavender oil or as an herbal tea.  The flowers are also used as a culinary herb, most often as part of the French herb blend called herbes de Provence.
Lavender essential oil, when diluted with a carrier oil, is commonly used as a relaxant with massage therapy. Products for home use including lotions, eye pillows including lavender flowers or the essential oil itself, bath oils, etc. are also used to induce relaxation.
Legionella longbeachae
Legionella longbeachae is one species of the family Legionellaceae. It is found predominantly in soil and potting compost. Human infection from L. longbeachae is particularly common in Western Australia,, yet cases have been documented in other countries including the USA.
Like other Legionella species, person-to-person transmission has not been documented. However, unlike other species the primary transmission mode is inhalation of dust from contaminated compost or soil that contains the organism causing legionellosis.

# Compost
Compost must be handled with care, damp down with water to reduce dust before handling, use a face mask covering nose and mouth to reduce the risk of inhaling the dust, especially for those at high risk from infection.
It is noteworthy that compost packaging in Australia has a L. longbeachae warning label.
Legionella pneumophila

# Overview
L.pneumophila is a ubiquitous aquatic organism that thrives in warm environments (32- 45C). L. pneumophila is a pleomorphic, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated, motile, Gram-negative bacteria. Although Legionella is categorized as a Gram-negative bacterium, it stains poorly to Gram stain due to its unique lipopolysaccharide-content in the outer psuedospamodulating leaflet of the outer cell membrane.

# Microbiological Classification
- Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Legionellales; Legionellaceae

# Microbiological Characteristics
- L.pneumophila is a ubiquitous aquatic organism that thrives in warm environments (32- 45C).
- L. pneumophila is a pleomorphic, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated, motile, Gram-negative bacteria.
- Although Legionella is categorized as a Gram-negative bacterium, it stains poorly to Gram stain due to its unique lipopolysaccharide-content in the outer psuedospamodulating leaflet of the outer cell membrane.
- Legionella is non-fermentative and is unable to hydrolyse gelatin or produce urease.
- At least 46 species and 70 serogroups of Legionella have been identified.
Legionella grow on buffered charcoal yeast enriched with L-cysteine 
- The natural habitat of Legionella is freshwater, where they often live within protozoa such as Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba spp., Tetrahymena pyriformis, and Naegleria spp . It utilizes a similar method to enter and infect phagocytes .

# Life Cycle
- One of the unique characteristics of Legionella pneumophila is that is has the ability to thrive within a large variety of hosts .
- There are two major phases to the life cycle.
- The first is called the replicative phase. During this period, the bacteria are nonmotile and have a low infectivity.
- In the second phase, called the infectious phase, the bacteria are shorter and thicker.

# Gallery
Lesser occipital nerve
The lesser occipital nerve or small occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve. It innervates the scalp in the lateral area of the head behind the ear.
It arises from the lateral branch of the ventral ramus of the second cervical nerve, sometimes also from the third; it curves around and ascends along the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus.
Near the cranium it perforates the deep fascia, and is continued upward along the side of the head behind the auricula, supplying the skin and communicating with the greater occipital, the great auricular, and the posterior auricular branch of the facial.
The smaller occipital varies in size, and is sometimes duplicated.
It gives off an auricular branch, which supplies the skin of the upper and back part of the auricula, communicating with the mastoid branch of the great auricular.
This branch is occasionally derived from the greater occipital nerve.
Disorder in this nerve causes occipital neuralgia.

# Additional images
- Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve
Leukotriene antagonist

# Overview
A leukotriene antagonist is a hormone antagonist acting upon leukotrienes.
It has been demonstrated that leukotrienes are implicated in the inflammatory cascade leading to asthma. Leukotriene modifiers are an important therapeutic advance in managing asthma.

# Approaches
There are two main approaches to block the actions of leukotrienes.

## Inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway
Drugs such as zileuton block 5-lipoxygenase, inhibiting the synthetic pathway of leukotriene metabolism, whereas drugs such as MK-886 block the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) and may help in treating atherosclerosis.

## Antagonism of cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptors
Agents such as montelukast and zafirlukast block the actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes at the CysLT1 receptor on target cells such as bronchial smooth muscle.
These modifiers have been shown to improve asthma symptoms, reduce asthma exacerbations and limit markers of inflammation such as eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This demonstrates that they have anti-inflammatory properties.
Levothyroxine overdose

# Overdosage topics
Signs/symptoms
Treatment
- Acute massive overdosage

## Signs/symptoms
The signs and symptoms of overdosage are those of hyperthyroidism (see  PRECAUTIONS and  ADVERSE REACTIONS). In addition, confusion and disorientation may occur. Cerebral embolism, shock, coma, and death have been reported. Seizures have occurred in a child ingesting 18 mg of Levothyroxine. Symptoms may not necessarily be evident or may not appear until several days after ingestion of Levothyroxine sodium. Return to top

## Treatment
Levothyroxine sodium should be reduced in dose or temporarily discontinued if signs or symptoms of overdosage occur. Return to top

### Acute massive overdosage
This may be a life-threatening emergency, therefore, symptomatic and supportive therapy should be instituted immediately. If not contraindicated (e.g., by seizures, coma, or loss of the gag reflex), the stomach should be emptied by emesis or gastric lavage to decrease gastrointestinal absorption. Activated charcoal or cholestyramine may also be used to decrease absorption. Central and peripheral increased sympathetic activity may be treated by administering -receptor antagonists, e.g., propranolol, provided there are no medical contraindications to their use. Provide respiratory support as needed; control congestive heart failure and arrhythmia; control fever, hypoglycemia, and fluid loss as necessary. Large doses of antithyroid drugs (e.g., methimazole or propylthiouracil) followed in one to two hours by large doses of iodine may be given to inhibit synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. Glucocorticoids may be given to inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3. Plasmapheresis, charcoal hemoperfusion and exchange transfusion have been reserved for cases in which continued clinical deterioration occurs despite conventional therapy. Because T4 is highly protein bound, very little drug will be removed by dialysis. Return to top
Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.
Limited symptom attack

# Overview
A Limited Symptom Attack (LSA), also referred to as a Limited Symptom Panic Attack (LPA), is a milder, less comprehensive panic attack with fewer than 4 panic related symptoms being experienced (APA 1994). For example, a sudden episode of intense dizziness or trembling accompanied by fear that something terrible is about to happen. Many people with panic disorder have a mixture of full blown and limited symptom attacks. LSAs often manifest in anxiety disorders, phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobia. However, experiencing a LSA is not necessarily indicative of mental illness. Often persons recovering from and/or being treated for panic attacks and panic disorder will experience LSAs.

# Symptoms
According to the DSM-IV, during a LSA, less than 4 of the following symptoms would be experienced, in contrast to a full blown panic attack, which must include 4 or more symptoms.
- dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- heart palpitations
- trembling
- dizziness
- chest pain
- perspiration
- hot flashes
- headache
- derealization
- paresthesia
- hyperventilation
- nausea
- vertigo
- lightheadedness
- burning sensations
- choking sensations
- fear of dying
- fear of insanity

# Duration
As with a panic attack, a LSA typically peaks in 10 minutes. However, attacks can be as short as 1 to 5 minutes or can form a series of episodes waxing and waning for a period of hours.
Tendinous intersection

# Overview
The Rectus abdominis is crossed by fibrous bands, three in number, which are named the tendinous inscriptions (or tendinous intersections); one is usually situated opposite the umbilicus, one at the extremity of the xiphoid process, and the third about midway between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus.
These inscriptions pass transversely or obliquely across the muscle in a zigzag course; they rarely extend completely through its substance and may pass only halfway across it; they are intimately adherent in front to the sheath of the muscle.
Sometimes one or two additional inscriptions, generally incomplete, are present below the umbilicus.

## Colloquial reference
If well-defined, the rectus abdominis is colloquially called a "six-pack."  This is due to tendinous intersections within the muscle, usually at the level of the umbilicus (belly-button), the xiphisternum, and about halfway in-between.
An extremely well defined abdominal section can appear to be an "eight pack", as all eight sections of the abdominal muscle become defined. This definition is prominent among athletes with low body fat percentages, such as bodybuilders and swimmers.

# Additional images
- The Obliquus externus abdominis.
Linezolid how supplied

# How Supplied

## Injection
ZYVOX I.V. Injection is available in single-use, ready-to-use flexible plastic infusion bags in a foil laminate overwrap. The infusion bags and ports are latex-free. The infusion bags are available in the following package sizes:

## Tablets
ZYVOX Tablets are available as follows:
600 mg (white, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets printed with "ZYVOX 600 mg")

## Oral Suspension
ZYVOX for Oral Suspension is available as a dry, white to off-white, orange-flavored granule/powder. When constituted as directed, each bottle will contain 150 mL of a suspension providing the equivalent of 100 mg of linezolid per each 5 mL. ZYVOX for Oral Suspension is supplied as follows:

## Storage
Store at 25C (77F). Protect from light. Keep bottles tightly closed to protect from moisture. It is recommended that the infusion bags be kept in the overwrap until ready to use. Protect infusion bags from freezing.
Liquidambar orientalis
Oriental Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis, also known as Turkish Sweetgum  ) is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar that occurs as pure stands mainly in the flood plains of southwestern Turkey.
The forests of this Tertiary relict endemic taxon are found notably within a specially protected area between Dalyan and Koycegiz in Mugla Province, where a 286 hectares zone is set aside as a nature reserve and arboretum for the preservation of the species. A large stand also surrounds Marmaris. These two areas are the better known oriental sweetgum forests due to their respective regions also being prominent centers of tourism, although a big population covering nearly 100 hectares is also found in an inland region within Aydn Province extending between Cine, Kosk and Umurlu districts. Yet another sweetgum forest area (88.5 hectares) under protection is situated in Burdur's depending district of Bucak alongside Karacaoren dam reservoir on the road to Antalya . The trees are also found locally in Denizli's depending districts of Beyagac and Tavas.  The total area of pure sweetgum forests in Turkey covers 1,348 hectares, all in the southwestern regions of the country. The present-day extension cortresponds to a marked decrease since the 1940s level of 6000-7000 hectares, although the protective measures and infrastructure in place since the 1980s helped stop loss of stands and led to slight improvements.
The name in Turkish for the particular species is Gunluk agac, while the trees of the genus as a whole are called Sgla agac, a name also used in sole reference to oriental sweeetgum itself. The extraction of its sap and the production of an oil based thereof (sgla yag), as well as exports of these products, play an important role in the local economy. The recolt of the sap and the preparation of the oil involve quite toilsome tasks lasting from May to November and consisting of several separate phases. There is a danger for the present generation of master oil makers not being replaced in near future. 
In English, this oil is known under several names, shortly as Storax to englobe all sweetgum oils, or as Styrax Levant, Asiatic Storax, Balsam Storax, Liquid Storax, Oriental Sweetgum Oil or Turkish Sweetgum Oil. Diluted with a suitable carrier oil, it is used externally for abrasions, anxiety, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, cuts, ringworm, scabies, stress-related conditions and wounds. 
The status of and developments regarding the protection of Turkish Sweetgum continues to occupy local and national environmental agenda at a critical level in Turkey. Among the main causes for the loss of sweetgum forests was the cutting and felling of trees for opening new fields for agriculture, as well as the construction of three separate dams at localities which precisely corresponded to important habitats for the species. As such, liquidambar orientalis holds an important position in Turkey's biodiversity and among endemic species, is one of its best-known symbols.
List of diseases (0-9)
The List of diseases starting with a non-letter is part of the complete list of diseases.
- 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency
- 10q Partial trisomy, rare (NIH) 
- 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency
- 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
- 17 beta hydroxysteroide dehydrogenase deficiency
- 17 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, rare (NIH)
- 18-Hydroxylase deficiency, rare (NIH)
- 18p syndrome, rare  (NIH)
- 1p36 Deletion Syndrome, rare  (NIH)
- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate sensitization, rare  (NIH)
- 2-hydroxyglutaricaciduria
- 2-Hydroxyglutaricaciduria, rare  (NIH)
- 2-Methylacetoacetyl CoA thiolase deficiency, rare  (NIH)
- 2,8 dihydroxy-adenine urolithiasis
- 21 hydroxylase deficiency
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, rare  (NIH)
- 3 alpha methylcrotonyl-Coa carboxylase 1 deficiency, rare   (NIH)
- 3 alpha methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase 2 deficiency, rare  (NIH)
- 3 alpha methylglutaconic aciduria, type 3, rare  (NIH)
- 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria
- 3 methylcrotonic aciduria
- 3 methylglutaconyl coa hydratase deficiency
- 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl-coa lyase deficiency
- 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, rare  (NIH)
- 3-methyl crotonyl-coa carboxylase deficiency
- 3-methyl glutaconic aciduria
- 3c syndrome
- 3C syndrome, rare  (NIH)
- 3m syndrome
- 3M syndrome, rare  (NIH)
- 4-Alpha-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase deficiency, rare   (NIH)
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria, rare   (NIH), Optic atrophy, 
- 46 xx gonadal dysgenesis epibulbar dermoid
- 46,XX Gonadal dysgenesis epibulbar dermoid, rare   (NIH)
- 47 XXY syndrome
- 47 xyy syndrome
- 47 XYY syndrome, rare   (NIH), see Klinefelter's syndrome
- 47,XXX syndrome, rare  (NIH) , see Klinefelter's syndrome
- 48 xxxx syndrome
- 48 xxyy syndrome
- 49 xxxxx syndrome
- 49 xxxxy syndrome
- 49,XXXXX syndrome, rare   (NIH) , see Klinefelter's syndrome
- 49,XXXXY syndrome, rare   (NIH) , see Klinefelter's syndrome
- 5 alpha reductase 2 deficiency
- 5-alpha-Oxoprolinase deficiency, rare   (NIH)
- 5-Nucleotidase syndrome, rare   (NIH)
- 5q-syndrome, rare   (NIH)
- 6 alpha mercaptopurine sensitivity, rare   (NIH)
- 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency, rare  (NIH)
- 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency
- 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase deficiency
List of mood disorders

# Overview
The mood or affective disorders are mental disorders that primarily affect mood and interfere with the activities of daily living. Usually it includes major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (also called Manic Depressive Psychosis).

# Mood disorders
Mood disorders include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Major Depressive Disorder (otherwise known as MDD, major depression, or simply depression). This disorder can also exist with psychotic features.
- Bipolar disorder, also called bipolar. Bipolar disorder exists as a spectrum of disorders, and can include the following:
Bipolar I (episodes of depression, and episodes of mania with psychosis)
Bipolar II (episodes of depression and hypomania)
Cyclothymia (episodes of dysthymia and hypomania).
- Bipolar I (episodes of depression, and episodes of mania with psychosis)
- Bipolar II (episodes of depression and hypomania)
- Cyclothymia (episodes of dysthymia and hypomania).
- Dysthymic Disorder, also called dysthymia.
- Post-partum depression. This is the sudden depression which can sometimes occur in a mother after giving birth to a child.
- Seasonal affective disorder, also known as SAD. People with this disorder experience depression during the winter months, and may require antidepressants during this time. Another therapy available for use in people with SAD is light therapy.
- Schizoaffective disorder, in which the sufferer has experienced the symptoms of schizophrenia as well as symptoms of a mood disorder.
Liver X receptor alpha
Liver X receptor alpha (LXR-alpha) is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1H3 gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3).

# Expression
miRNA hsa-miR-613 autoregulates the human LXR gene by targeting the endogenous LXR through its specific miRNA response element (613MRE) within the LXR 3-untranslated region. LXR autoregulates its own suppression via induction of SREBP1c which upregulates miRNA has-miR-613.

# Function
The liver X receptors, LXR (this protein) and LXR, form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are key regulators of macrophage function, controlling transcriptional programs involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Additionally, they play an important role in the local activation of thyroid hormones via deiodinases. The inducible LXR is highly expressed in liver, adrenal gland, intestine, adipose tissue, macrophages, lung, and kidney, whereas LXR is ubiquitously expressed. Ligand-activated LXRs form obligate heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and regulate expression of target genes containing LXR response elements. Restoration of LXR-alpha expression/function within a psoriatic lesion may help to switch the transition from psoriatic to symptomless skin.

# Interactions
Liver X receptor alpha has been shown to interact with EDF1 and Small heterodimer partner.

# Link to multiple sclerosis
In 2016, a study found 70% of individuals in two families with a rare form of rapidly progressing multiple sclerosis had a mutation in NR1H3.
Lobes of thyroid gland
The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring.
Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm., and its thickness about 2 cm.
The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasci, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland.
The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz., the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves.
The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids.