Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Antisocial personality disorder (patient information)
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# Overview
Antisocial personality disorder is a mental health condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others. This behavior is often criminal.

# What are the symptoms of Antisocial personality disorder?
A person with antisocial personality disorder may:
- Be able to act witty and charming
- Be good at flattery and manipulating other people's emotions
- Break the law repeatedly
- Disregard the safety of self and others
- Have problems with substance abuse
- Lie, steal, and fight often
- Not show guilt or remorse
- Often be angry or arrogant

# What causes Antisocial personality disorder?
- The causes of antisocial personality disorder are unknown.
- Genetic factors and child abuse are believed to contribute to the development of this condition.
- People with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at increased risk.
- Far more men than women are affected.
- The condition is common in people who are in prison.
- Fire-setting and cruelty to animals during childhood are linked to the development of antisocial personality.
- Some people believe that psychopathic personality (psychopathy) is the same disorder. Others believe that psychopathic personality is a similar but more severe disorder.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with a mental health professional if:
- You have symptoms of antisocial personality disorder
- Your child shows behaviors of this disorder

# Diagnosis
- Like other personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation and the history and severity of symptoms.
- To be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, a person must have had conduct disorder during childhood.

# Treatment options
- Antisocial personality disorder is one of the most difficult personality disorders to treat. People with this condition rarely seek treatment on their own. They may only start therapy when required to by a court.
- The effectiveness of treatment for antisocial personality disorder is not known. Treatments that show the person the negative consequences of illegal behavior seem to hold the most promise.

# Where to find medical care for Antisocial personality disorder?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Antisocial personality disorder

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Symptoms tend to peak during the late teenage years and early 20s. They sometimes improve on their own by a person's 40s.

# Possible complications
Complications can include imprisonment, drug abuse, violence, and suicide.

# Source
Borderline personality disorder (patient information)
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# Overview
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a condition in which people have long-term patterns of unstable or turbulent emotions, such as feelings about themselves and others.
These inner experiences often cause them to take impulsive actions and have chaotic relationships.

# What are the symptoms of Borderline personality disorder?
- People with BPD are often uncertain about their identity. As a result, their interests and values may change rapidly.
- People with BPD also tend to see things in terms of extremes, such as either all good or all bad. Their views of other people may change quickly. A person who is looked up to one day may be looked down on the next day. These suddenly shifting feelings often lead to intense and unstable relationships.
- Other symptoms of BPD include:
- Fear of being abandoned
- Feelings of emptiness and boredom
- Frequent displays of inappropriate anger
- Impulsiveness with money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, binge eating, or shoplifting
- Intolerance of being alone
- Repeated crises and acts of self-injury, such as wrist cutting or overdosing

# What causes Borderline personality disorder?
- The causes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are unknown. Genetic, family, and social factors are thought to play roles.
- This personality disorder tends to occur more often in women and among hospitalized psychiatric patients.

# Who is at highest risk?
Risk factors for BPD include:
- Abandonment in childhood or adolescence
- Disrupted family life
- Poor communication in the family
- Sexual abuse

# When to seek urgent medical care?
- Call your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of borderline personality disorder.
- It is especially important to seek help right away if you or your child is having thoughts of suicide.

# Diagnosis
Like other personality disorders, BPD is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation and the history and severity of the symptoms.

# Treatment options
- Many types of individual talk therapy, such as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), can successfully treat BPD.
- In addition, group therapy can help change self-destructive behaviors.
- In some cases, medications can help level mood swings and treat depression or other disorders that may occur with this condition.

# Where to find medical care for Borderline personality disorder?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Borderline personality disorder

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outlook depends on how severe the condition is and whether the person is willing to accept help. With long-term talk therapy, the person will often gradually improve.

# Possible complications
- Depression
- Drug abuse
- Problems with work, family, and social relationships
- Suicide attempts and actual suicide

# Source
Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride adverse reactions

# ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following reactions have been reported with the use of clindamycin.
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (see WARNING box). The onset of pseudomembranous colitis symptoms may occur during or after antibacterial treatment (see WARNINGS).
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Generalized mild to moderate morbilliform-like (maculopapular) skin rashes are the most frequently reported adverse reactions. Vesiculobullous rashes, as well as urticaria, have been observed during drug therapy. Rare instances of erythema multiforme, some resembling Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and a few cases of anaphylactoid reactions have also been reported.
Skin and Mucous Membranes: Pruritus, vaginitis, and rare instances of exfoliative dermatitis have been reported. (See Hypersensitivity Reactions.)
Liver: Jaundice and abnormalities in liver function tests have been observed during clindamycin therapy.
Renal: Although no direct relationship of clindamycin to renal damage has been established, renal dysfunction as evidenced by azotemia, oliguria, and/or proteinuria has been observed in rare instances.
Hematopoietic: Transient neutropenia (leukopenia) and eosinophilia have been reported. Reports of agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia have been made. No direct etiologic relationship to concurrent clindamycin therapy could be made in any of the foregoing.
Musculoskeletal: Rare instances of polyarthritis have been reported.
Differentiating Fournier gangrene from other diseases
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. 

# Overview
Fournier gangrene is caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms which normally exist below the pelvic diaphragm in the perineum and genitalia.

# Differentiating Fournier gangrene from Other Diseases
Fournier gangrene must be differentiated from other diseases that cause pain, swelling, erythema, discharge and raised temperature (fever) such as:
- Scrotal abscess
- Herpes simplex
- Cellulitis
- Strangulated hernia
- Streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis
- Gonococcal balanitis and edema
- Vascular occlusion syndromes
- Allergic vasculitis
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Necrolytic migratory erythema
- Ecthyma gangrenosum
- Warfarin necrosis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
FDA black box warning on the use of 80 mg simvastatin

# Overview
Simvastatin 80 mg is the highest approved dose for this drug and it is estimated that approximately 2.1 million patients in the U.S. were prescribed this dose in the year 2010. In March 2010, FDA revised the simvastatin label and recommended that patients of Chinese descent should not receive simvastatin 80 mg with cholesterol-modifying doses of niacin-containing product. This review was based on the interim results of Heart Protection Study. On 8th June 2011, FDA added another black box warning to the use of high dose simvastatin. Based on the review of randomized clinical trial, Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH), FDA recommended limiting the use of high-dose simvastatin. This trial showed a significantly increased risk of myopathic complications (0.9% in intensive statin arm vs. 0.03% in standard dose arm) in the patients treated with simvastatin 80 mg as compared to 20 mg dose.

# Recommendations
- Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients, including those who are taking lower doses.
- This dose should be used only in those who have taken this medication for more than 12 months without any evidence of myopathy.
- New contraindications and dose limitations added to the label for use with other medications.
GIDEON-Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network
GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Network) is a web-based program for decision support and informatics in the fields of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine.  As of 2005, more than 300 generic infectious diseases occur haphazardly in time and space and are challenged by over 250 drugs and vaccines. 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi have been described. Printed media can no longer follow the dynamics of diseases, outbreaks and epidemics in "real time."

# Organization
GIDEON consists of four modules.  The first Diagnosis module generates a Bayesian ranked differential diagnosis based on signs, symptoms, laboratory tests, country of origin and incubation period - and can be used for diagnosis support and simulation of all infectious diseases in all countries. Since the program is web-based, this module can also be adapted to disease and bioterror surveillance.
The second module follows the epidemiology of individual diseases, including their global background and status in each of 205 countries and regions. All past and current outbreaks of all diseases, in all countries, are described in detail. The user may also access a list of diseases compatible with any combination of agent, vector, vehicle, reservoir and country (for example, one could list all the mosquito-borne flaviviruses of Brazil which have an avian reservoir). Over 30,000 graphs display all the data, and are updated in "real time." These graphs can be used for preparation of PowerPoint displays, pamphlets, lecture notes, etc. Several thousand high-quality images are also available, including clinical lesions, roentgenograms, photomicrographs and disease life cycles.
The third module is an interactive encyclopedia which incorporates the pharmacology, usage, testing standards and global trade names of all antiinfective drugs and vaccines.
The fourth module is designed to identify or characterize all species of bacteria, mycobacteria and yeasts. The database includes 50 to 100 taxa which may not appear in standard texts and laboratory databases for several months.
Additional options allow users to add data (in their own font / language) relevant to their own institution, electronic patient charts, material from the internet, important telephone numbers, drug prices, antimicrobial resistance patterns, etc. This form of custom data is particularly useful when running GIDEON on institutional networks. The data in GIDEON are derived from:
- all peer-reviewed journals in the fields of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine, Antimicrobial Pharmacology and Clinical Microbiology
- a monthly electronic literature search based on all relevant keywords
- all available health ministry reports (both printed and electronic)
- standard texts
- abstracts of major meetings

# Related products
- VIPatients created by the author of GIDEON
HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing Agents and Organic Peroxides

# Overview
An oxidizer is a chemical that readily yields oxygen in reactions, thereby causing or enhancing combustion.

# Divisions
Division 5.1: Oxidizers
An oxidizer is a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
- A solid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, its mean burning time is less than or equal to the burning time of a 3:7 potassium bromate/cellulose mixture.
- A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture.
Division 5.2: Organic Peroxides
An organic peroxide is any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals, unless any of the following paragraphs applies:
- The material meets the definition of an explosive as prescribed in subpart C of this part, in which case it must be classed as an explosive;
- The material is forbidden from being offered for transportation according to 49CFR 172.101 of this subchapter or 49CFR 173.21;
- The Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety has determined that the material does not present a hazard which is associated with a Division 5.2 material; or
- The material meets one of the following conditions:
- For materials containing no more than 1.0 percent hydrogen peroxide, the available oxygen, as calculated using the equation in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, is not more than 1.0 percent, or
- For materials containing more than 1.0 percent but not more than 7.0 percent hydrogen peroxide, the available oxygen content (Oa) is not more than 0.5 percent, when determined using the equation:

# Placards

# Compatibility Table

# Packing Groups
Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine indications and usage

# Indications And Usage
HIBERIX is indicated for active immunization as a booster dose for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Haemophilusinfluenzae type b. HIBERIX is approved for use in children 15 months through 4 years of age (prior to fifth birthday).
HIBERIX is to be used as a booster dose in children who have received a primary series with a Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine that is licensed for primary immunization. HIBERIX is not approved for primary immunization.
The evaluation of effectiveness of HIBERIX as a booster dose was based on immune responses in children using serological endpoints that predict protection from invasive disease due to H. influenzae type b . These protective antibody levels have not been evaluated in clinical trials in which a booster dose of HIBERIX is compared to a booster dose of a US-licensed Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine in children who previously received a primary series with a US-licensed Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine .
Interdisciplinary nursing quality research initiative
Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Michelle Lew

# Overview
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundations (RWJF) Interdisciplinary Nursing Quality Research Initiative (INQRI) is a $19 million program to generate and disseminate research showing a link between what nurses do and the contributions they make to advancing better and safer care for patients. We hope to show that hospitals and health care settings where nurses are valued, where they have a say in quality improvement, and where they are supported in their efforts to keep patients safe and healthy are where you want to receive care.

# Background
We take for granted that when we enter the hospital or other health care setting, the nurse will be there to manage our care. But little research exists to demonstrate the link between what nurses do and their impact on patient care and safety. Because we lack solid proof of such a direct link, hospitals and health care leaders often ignore or undervalue nurses contributions to patients and quality. The truth is, most nurses are overworked, under-motivated, underused, and practice in environments that can set them up for failure. Too often, nurses are seen as dispensable when hospital budgets become tight and, as a result, their work environment has deteriorated.

# Program Leadership
INQRI supports interdisciplinary teams of nurse scholars and scholars from other disciplines to develop, test and validate new quality measures that capture nurses contributions to patient outcomesincluding care coordination, pain management and medication management. The program is led by Mary Naylor, a nurse and health services researcher, and Mark Pauly, a health care economist, both at the University of Pennsylvania, in partnership with Lori Melichar and colleagues at the RWJF.

# INQRI's Research
Since 2006, INQRI grantees have conducted research into a range of important health care areas, with research teams from institutions around the country examining ways to stem preventable medical errors, improve how we measure quality and provide better care to people with chronic illnesses, among other areas. For example, a study at Johns Hopkins has identified a series of best practices that nursing are leading to minimize deadly blood-stream infections. INQRI teams will share their research with policymakers, hospital administrators and others who determine how nursing resources will be distributed to improve the quality and outcomes of patient care.

# INQRI Grantees
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3

# The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
RWJF is committed to playing a leading role in enhancing health care quality for all patients. The Foundation's current goals include transforming the way care is delivered at the bedside, reducing the shortage of nurses and advancing the science to improve health care quality. INQRI will serve this goal by advancing the science of nursing through rigorous, interdisciplinary research as it focuses on new methods to improve care for patients.
Naftifine hydrochloride topical (patient information)

# Why is this medication prescribed?
Naftifine is used for skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.
This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

# How should this medicine be used
Naftifine comes as a cream and gel to apply to the skin. The cream is usually used once a day and the gel twice a day in the morning and evening for 2 to 4 weeks. Some infections require up to 6 weeks of treatment. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use naftifine exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Thoroughly clean the infected area, allow it to dry, and then gently rub the medication in until most of it disappears. Use just enough medication to cover the affected area. You should wash your hands after applying the medication.
Continue to use naftifine even if you feel well. Do not stop using naftifine without talking to your doctor.

# What special precautions should I follow
Before using naftifine
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to naftifine or any other drugs.
- tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, including vitamins.
- tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while using naftifine, call your doctor.

# What should I do if I forget a dose
Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not apply a double dose to make up for a missed one.

# Side effects
Naftifine may cause side effects. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
- itching
- burning
- irritation or stinging
- redness
- dryness
- rash
If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online  or by phone .

# What storage conditions are needed for this medicine
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

# What other information should I know
Keep all appointments with your doctor. Naftifine is for external use only. Do not let naftifine get into your eyes, nose or mouth, and do not swallow it. Do not apply dressings, bandages, cosmetics, lotions, or other skin medications to the area being treated unless your doctor tells you.
Do not let anyone else use your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. If you still have symptoms of infection after you finish the naftifine, call your doctor.

# Brand names
- Naftin
Paroxysmal AV Block Natural History And Complications

# Overview
Natural history most commonly includes recurrent unexplained syncope and presyncope. Complications such as sudden cardian death or indefinite periods of asystole may arise.

# Natural History and Complications
- Paroxysmal AV Block is a poorly defined entity.
- The symptoms of paroxysmal AV block can develop at any age (with some studies suggesting a predominance in older individuals) and presents with symptoms such as recurrent unexplained syncope and presyncope, which further manifests on an ECG as intermittent and progressively increasing periods of asystole.
- Common complications of paroxysmal AV Block include asystole, complete AV Block and sudden cardiac death.
- Complications that can develop as a result of theophylline therapy are  nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritability, hallucinations, arrhythmias, acute lung injury and seizures.
- Complications that can develop as a result of cardiac pacing are procedural, component or biophysical interface related. These include hemothroax, pneumothorax,acute thromboembolism, arrhythmia, pericarditis, device battery failure, pulse generator circuit failure, wound dehiscence, erosion, pain and infection.
Post-natal dextro-transposition of the great arteries

# Overview
Diagnosis can be done after 18 weeks gestation using an ultrasound. However, if it is not diagnosed in utero, cyanosis of the newborn (blue baby) should immediately indicate that there is a problem with the cardiovascular system.

# Post natal d-TGA
- Most of the time, diagnosis can be done after 18 weeks gestation using an ultrasound. However, if it is not diagnosed in utero, cyanosis of the newborn (blue baby) should immediately indicate that there is a problem with the cardiovascular system.
- After birth, the blood in the pulmonary artery will flow into the lungs, which have been expanded with the first breathing presenting less resistance, and the ductus arteriosus will close. Sometimes shunts will fail to close after birth and will result in a patent foramen ovale PFO and patent ductus arteriosus PDA. They may occur independently, or in combination with one another, or with d-TGA or other heart and/or general defects.