Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Candida esophagitis (patient information)
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# Overview
Candida esophagitis is a yeast infection of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

# What are the symptoms of Candida esophagitis?
Symptoms include:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Fever (only if the fungus spreads further)
- Oral thrush (Candida in the mouth)
- Painful swallowing

# What causes Candida esophagitis?
Candida esophagitis is caused by the yeast Candida. It occurs when the yeast spreads from the mouth down the esophagus.

# Who is at highest risk?
The condition is often a sign of a weakened immune system. The following raise your risk for Candida infections:
- HIV/AIDS
- Chemotherapy
- Diabetes
- Leukemia or lymphoma
- Organ transplants
- Other conditions that suppress or weaken the immune system
If you have a weakened immune system, thrush in the mouth (oral thrush) makes you more likely to get Candida esophagitis.

# Diagnosis
Tests that show Candida include:
- EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) with or without biopsy, staining, and culture
- Mouth orthroat swab culture
- Upper GI and small bowel series

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of esophagitis, especially if you know that you are immunosuppressed.

# Treatment options
In most people, antifungal medicines such as fluconazole (taken by mouth) or amphotericin (given by injection) can control the infection. Some people also need pain medicine. Many patients need other, long-term medicines to suppress the fungus and prevent another episode.

# Where to find medical care for Candida esophagitis?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Candida esophagitis

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Esophagitis can usually be treated effectively. The outcome depends on the immune system problem that makes the person develop the infection.

# Possible complications
- Holes in your esophagus (perforation)
- Recurrent infection
- Spread of Candida to other sites in your body

# Prevention of Candida esophagitis
Preventing HIV/AIDS lowers your risk for infections such as Candida. Good oral hygiene can reduce the risk of infection.

# Sources
Capreomycin sulfate clinical pharmacology

# Clinical Pharmacology

## Human Pharmacology
Capreomycin is not absorbed in significant quantities from the gastrointestinal tract and must be administered parenterally. In 2 studies of 10 patients each, peak serum concentrations following 1 g of capreomycin given intramuscularly were achieved 1 to 2 hours after administration, and average peak levels reached were 28 and 32 g/mL respectively (range, 20 to 47 g/mL). Low serum concentrations were present at 24 hours. However, 1 g of capreomycin daily for 30 days or more produced no significant accumulation in subjects with normal renal function. Two patients with marked reduction of renal function had high serum concentrations 24 hours after administration of the drug. When a 1-g dose of capreomycin was given intramuscularly to normal volunteers, 52% was excreted in the urine within 12 hours.
Lehmann, et al, examined the pharmacokinetics of single dose capreomycin (1.0 g) administered intramuscularly and by intravenous infusion (1 hour) in 6 healthy volunteers. The area under the serum concentration versus time curve was similar for the two routes of administration. Capreomycin peak concentrations after intravenous infusion were 30  47% higher than after intramuscular administration.1, 2
Paper chromatographic studies indicated that capreomycin is excreted essentially unaltered. Urine concentrations averaged 1.68 mg/mL (average urine volume, 228 mL) during the 6 hours following a 1-g dose.
Carbenicillin indanyl sodium microbiology

# Microbiology
The antibacterial activity of Geocillin is due to its rapid conversion to carbenicillin by hydrolysis after absorption. Though Geocillin provides substantial in vitro activity against a variety of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, the most important aspect of its profile is in its antipseudomonal and antiproteal activity. Because of the high urine levels obtained following administration, Geocillin has demonstrated clinical efficacy in urinary infections due to susceptible strains of:
- Escherichia coli
- Proteus mirabilis
- Proteus vulgaris
- Morganella morganii  (formerly Proteus morganii)
- Pseudomonas species
- Providencia rettgeri (formerly Proteus rettgeri)
- Enterobacter species
- Enterococci (S. faecalis)
In addition, in vitro data, not substantiated by clinical studies, indicate the following pathogens to be usually susceptible to Geocillin:
Staphylococcus species (nonpenicillinase producing)
Streptococcus species

## Resistance
Most Klebsiella species are usually resistant to the action of Geocillin. Some strains of Pseudomonas species have developed resistance to carbenicillin.

## Susceptibility Testing
Geopen (carbenicillin disodium) Susceptibility Powder or 100 g Geopen Susceptibility Discs may be used to determine microbial susceptibility to Geocillin using one of the following standard methods recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards:
M2-A3, "Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests"
M7-A, "Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically"
M11-A, "Reference Agar Dilution Procedure for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria"
M17-P, "Alternative Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria"
Tests should be interpreted by the following criteria:
Interpretations of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant correlate zone size diameters with MIC values. A laboratory report of "susceptible" indicates that the suspected causative microorganism most likely will respond to therapy with carbenicillin. A laboratory report of "resistant" indicates that the infecting microorganism most likely will not respond to therapy. A laboratory report of "moderately susceptible" indicates that the microorganism is most likely susceptible if a high dosage of carbenicillin is used, or if the infection is such that high levels of carbenicillin may be attained as in urine. A report of "intermediate" using the disk diffusion method may be considered an equivocal result, and dilution tests may be indicated.
Cavernous part of internal carotid artery
The Cavernous Portion of internal carotid artery.In this part of its course, the artery is situated between the layers of the dura mater forming the cavernous sinus, but covered by the lining membrane of the sinus.
It at first ascends toward the posterior clinoid process, then passes forward by the side of the body of the sphenoid bone, and again curves upward on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, and perforates the dura mater forming the roof of the sinus.
This portion of the artery is surrounded by filaments of the sympathetic nerve, and on its lateral side is the abducent nerve.
Cell cycle regulation gene transcriptions

# Consensus sequences
Cell cycle regulation (CCCAACGGT).

# Samplings
Copying 5'-CCCAACGGT-3' into F has found no elements in either promoter of A1BG.
For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence 5'-CCCAACGGT-3' (starting with SuccessablesCell.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
- negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-CCCAACGGT-3', 0.
- negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-CCCAACGGT-3', 0.
- positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-CCCAACGGT-3', 0.
- positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-CCCAACGGT-3', 0.
- complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-GGGTTGCCA-3', 0.
- complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-GGGTTGCCA-3', 0.
- complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-GGGTTGCCA-3', 0.
- complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-GGGTTGCCA-3', 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-ACCGTTGGG-3', 0.
- inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-ACCGTTGGG-3', 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-ACCGTTGGG-3', 0.
- inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-ACCGTTGGG-3', 0.
- inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TGGCAACCC-3', 0.
- inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TGGCAACCC-3', 0.
- inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TGGCAACCC-3', 0.
- inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TGGCAACCC-3', 0.

# Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135, also known as CCDC135, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC135 gene.

# Gene
CCDC90B is located on chromosome 16 in humans. It is neighbored by:
- GPR97, G protein-coupled receptor 97.
- GPR56, encodes a member of the G protein coupled receptor family (G protein-coupled receptor 56). The gene is implicated in the regulation of brain cortical patterning. The protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2 in the extracellular space.
- KATNB1, katanin p80 subunit B 1. An accessory protein that helps targets the enzyme to the centrosome.
- KIFC3, kinesin family member C3 isoform 3. KIFC3 belongs to the large superfamily of kinesins, molecular motors that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate cargoes along microtubules.

# Protein

## Structure
This protein is characterized by the presence of two domains.
- Nuclear localization sequence with a Score of 4 in the amino acids 265-279. The amino acid sequence for this region is:
KKQQEIRAQEKKRLR
- Transglutaminase-like family with an E Value of 0.0018 in the amino acids 149-308. The amino acid sequence for this region is:
CAQFVSDFLTMVPLPDPLKPPSHLYSSTTVLKYQKGNCFDFSTLLCSMLIGSGYDAYCVNGYGSLDLCHMDLTREVCPLTVKPKETIKKEEK
VLPKKYTIKPPRDLCSRFEQEQEVKKQQEIRAQEKKRLREEEERLMEAEKAKPDALHGLRVHSWVLVL
The protein has 17 predicted alpha helices sites, a characteristic of coiled-coil proteins, and 1 predicted beta-pleated sheet. The following image shows the predicted regions of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets by two programs STRAP and Quickphyre:
Note: the consensus secondary structures are shown. This was carried out by constructing a multiple sequence alignment of the proteins with their secondary structures (as shown below). The predicted regions were then cross checked with the Quickphyre Program.

## Homology
LRRC57 is exceedingly well conserved, as shown in the sequence annotation to the right. The sequence annotation was created using 20 orthologs shown in the table below and was prepared using ClustalX2  and ClustalW (a tool at Biology Workbench).
The following table provides a few details on orthologs of the human version of CCDC135. These orthologs were gathered from BLAT. and BLAST searches

## Predicted properties
- Molecular weight: 103502.53 = 103484.53 + 18 kDa
- Isoelectric point: 5.358000
- Transmembrane helices: None
- Post-translation modifications:

## Cellular location
CCDC135 is predicted to be a Cytosol/Nuclear protein with no transmembrane spans or segments. It is predicted to contain at least 56 specific phosphorylation sites which include: 20 Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation sites, 11 Casein Kinase II Phosphorylation sites, and 8 cAMP/cGMP Dependant Phosphorylation sites.
The amino acid sequence is also predicted to contain 10 sumoylation sites at positions K236, K236, K45, K773, K499, K679, K249, K167, K540, K445, and K292.

# Function
The function of CCDC135 is not yet well understood but it is thought to be involved in teratospermia.
Coiled-coil domain containing protein 120
Coiled coil domain containing protein 120 (CCDC120), also known as JM11 protein, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CCDC120 gene. The function of CCDC120 has not been formally identified but structural components, conservation, and interactions can be identified computationally.

# Gene
The CCDC120 gene is located on human chromosome X, at Xp11.23. There are six different transcript variants of CCDC120 produced by alternative splicing.

## Patterns
The mRNA transcript of CCDC120 contains a 120bp repeat near the 3' end.

# Homology

## Paralogs
CCDC120 has 3 identifiable paralogs in humans, FERM Domain Containing 4A, FERM domain Containing 4B, and C1orf106.

## Orthologs
The orthologous space of CCDC120 can be traced back as far as fish such as Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, and Dicentrarchus labrax.

# Protein
The CCDC120 protein has four different isoforms, ranging from 618 to 696 amino acids in length.   Isoform 1 is the longest isoform and is encoded by transcript 1 of the CCDC120 gene.

## Interactions
Usher Syndrome 1C Binding Protein 1, CYTH2, MDFI, Centrosomal Protein 170kDa Pseudogene 1, and Keratin 15 have all been shown experimentally to interact with CCDC120  Other interactions have been identified by coexpression and datamining and can be seen in the figure.

## Post-translational modification
Algorithms suggest a number of sites of Serine phosphorylation as well as a few sites of Threonine and Tyrosine phosphorylation. Many of these sites are conserved in Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Mus musculus, and Danio rerio. There is one potential N-Glycosylation site identified.

## Structure
The protein structure of CCDC120 is predicted to contain, as the name implies, a 65 amino acid coiled coil from positions 109-173. Multiple algorithms identify 3 distinct sites where alpha-helical structures could form which are conserved in Gorilla gorilla gorilla and Danio rerio. Algorithms do not agree on any location for a beta sheet structure.

# Expression

## Promoter
Algorithms suggest that CCDC120 has a promoter of 601bp, this promoter contains a number of possible transcription factor sites as shown in the figure.

# References in Scientific Literature
CCDC120 was found to be upregulated under pulsed electromagnetic fields in human osteoblastlike cells. CCDC120 has a 7 base deletion in a Metastatic
Olfactory Neuroblastoma. CCDC120 is downregulated after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats.
Conversion disorder (patient information)
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Synonyms and Keywords: Hysterical neurosis

# Overview
Conversion disorder is a condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.

# What are the symptoms of Conversion disorder?
- Symptoms of a conversion disorder include the loss of one or more bodily functions, such as:
- Blindness
- Inability to speak
- Numbness
- Paralysis
- Diagnostic testing does not find any physical cause for the symptoms.

# What causes Conversion disorder?
- Conversion disorder symptoms may occur because of a psychological conflict.
- Symptoms usually begin suddenly after a stressful experience. People are more at risk for a conversion disorder if they also have a medical illness, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder.
- It is important to understand that patients are not making up their symptoms (malingering). Some doctors falsely believe that conversion disorder is not a real condition, and may tell patients the problem is all in their head. However, these conditions are real. They cause distress and cannot be turned on and off at will.
- The physical symptoms are thought to be an attempt to resolve the conflict the person feels inside. For example, a woman who believes it is not acceptable to have violent feelings may suddenly feel numbness in her arms after becoming so angry that she wanted to hit someone. Instead of allowing herself to have violent thoughts about hitting someone, she may experience the physical symptom of numbness in her arms.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you or someone you know has symptoms of a conversion disorder.

# Diagnosis
- Common signs of conversion disorder include:
- A debilitating symptom that begins suddenly
- A history of a psychological problem that gets better after the symptom appears
- A lack of concern that usually occurs with a severe symptom
- Your doctor will do a physical examination, and possibly diagnostic tests, to rule out physical causes for the symptom.

# Treatment options
- Talk therapy (psychotherapy) and stress management training may help reduce symptoms.
- The affected body part or physical function will need physical or occupational therapy until the symptoms disappear. For example, paralyzed limbs must be exercised to prevent muscle wasting.

# Where to find medical care for Conversion disorder?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Conversion disorder

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Symptoms usually last for days to weeks and may suddenly go away. Usually the symptom itself is not life threatening, but complications can be debilitating.

# Source
Cutaneous skin tags (patient information)
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# Overview
Cutaneous skin tags are small, usually harmless (benign) skin growths.

# What are the symptoms of Cutaneous skin tags?
The only symptom is a growth on the skin. The growth (tag) is usually small, although some may be up to a half-inch long.
Other characteristics include:
- Located on the neck, armpits, trunk, body folds, or other areas
- May have a narrow stalk
- Usually skin-colored, occasionally darker

# What causes Cutaneous skin tags?
Cutaneous tags are very common skin growths. They usually occur after midlife and are usually harmless and noncancerous (benign). The tag sticks out of the skin and may have a short, narrow stalk connecting it to the surface of the skin.
Cutaneous tags are usually painless and do not grow or change. However, they may be irritated from rubbing by clothing or other materials. They are thought to occur from skin rubbing against skin, so they commonly form in skin folds.

# Who is at highest risk?
Cutaneous skin tags are more common in people who are overweight or who have diabetes.

# Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based primarily on the appearance of the skin growth. Occasionally, a biopsy may be needed to diagnose an unusual-looking skin tag.

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you have cutaneous tags and you want them removed, or if the appearance of a cutaneous tag changes.

# Treatment options
Treatment is usually not necessary unless the cutaneous tags are irritating or are cosmetically displeasing. The growths may be removed by surgery, by freezing (cryotherapy), or by electrical burn (cautery).

# Where to find medical care for Cutaneous skin tags?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cutaneous skin tags

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Cutaneous tags are generally benign and usually not bothersome. They may become irritated or be cosmetically displeasing. There is usually no regrowth or scar formation after cutaneous tags are removed, although new growths may appear elsewhere on the body.

# Possible complications
There are usually no complications. Occasionally, irritation and discomfort may occur. If cut, they can bleed excessively. The skin tags may be cosmetically unsightly.

# Sources
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency

# Overview
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency is a disorder of hormone production.  This condition specifically affects steroid hormones, which are needed for normal development and reproduction.  The hormonal changes associated with cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency can affect the development of the reproductive system, skeleton, and other parts of the body.

# Pathophysiology

## Genetics
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency is caused by mutations in the POR gene.  This gene provides instructions for making the enzyme cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, which plays a critical role in the formation of steroid hormones.  This group of hormones includes testosterone and estrogen, which are essential for normal sexual development and reproduction; corticosteroids, which are involved in the body's response to stress; and aldosterone, which helps regulate the body's salt and water balance.
Mutations in the POR gene reduce the activity of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, which disrupts the production of steroid hormones.  Changes in sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen lead to problems with sexual development before birth and at puberty.  Studies suggest that these abnormalities may be related, at least in part, to the abnormal production of cholesterol. Cholesterol is a substance that is altered to produce steroid hormones.  It is necessary for normal embryonic development and is involved in bone formation.
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
Severe cases of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency are often given the name Antley-Bixler syndrome.

# Epidemiology and Demographics

## Prevalence
The prevalence of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency is unknown. About 60 affected individuals have been reported worldwide.

# Diagnosis

## Symptoms
- Infertility
- Joint contractures

## Physical Examination

### Head
- Craniosynostosis
- Flattened mid-face
- Prominent forehead

### Ears
- Low-set ears

### Nose
- Choanal atresia

### Genitalia
- Ambiguous genitalia

### Extremities
- Joint contractures
- Radiohumeral synostosis

### Neurologic
- Intellectual disability
Demeclocycline hydrochloride how supplied

# How Supplied
Demeclocyline Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 150 mg are red, round, convex tablets debossed with "G" on one side and "2111" on the other side
Demeclocyline Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 300 mg are red, round, convex tablets debossed with "G" on one side and "2122" on the other side
Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). (See USP Controlled Room Temperature)
Dispense in a tightly-closed, light-resistant container (USP).
Differentiating croup from other diseases

# Overview
Croup must be differentiated from other upper respiratory diseases and conditions that cause airway obstruction around the larynx, as well as those that present similar symptoms to influenza.

# Differentiating Croup from Other Diseases
Croup must be differentiated from other upper respiratory diseases and conditions that cause airway obstruction around the larynx:
- epiglottitis
- foreign body obstruction
- subglottic stenosis
- angioneurotic edema
- retropharyngeal abscess
- bacterial tracheitis
The tables below summarize the differences between croup and other upper respiratory conditions with similar symptoms:
Doxycycline calcium clinical pharmacology

# Clinical Pharmacology
Tetracyclines are readily absorbed and are bound to plasma proteins in varying degree. They are concentrated by the liver in the bile, and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations and in a biologically active form. Doxycycline is virtually completely absorbed after oral administration.
Following a 200 mg dose, normal adult volunteers averaged peak serum levels of 2.6 mcg/mL of doxycycline at 2 hours, decreasing to 1.45 mcg/mL at 24 hours. Excretion of doxycycline by the kidney is about 40%/72 hours in individuals with normal function (creatinine clearance about 75 mL/min.). This percentage excretion may fall as low as 15%/72 hours in individuals with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 10 mL/min.). Studies have shown no significant difference in serum half-life of doxycycline (range 1822 hours) in individuals with normal and severely impaired renal function.
Hemodialysis does not alter serum half-life.
Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta and are found in fetal tissues.