The standard is designed to protect the health and safety of workers for an 8-hour day, 40-hour week over a working lifetime; compliance with the standard should therefore prevent adverse effects of toluene on the health and safety of workers. The standard is measurable by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and available to industry and government agencies. Sufficient technology exists to permit compliance with the recommended standard. "Exposure to toluene" means exposure to a concentration of toluene equal to or above one-half the recommended workroom environmental standard. Exposures at lower environmental concentrations will not require adherence to the following sections. If "exposure" to other chemicals also occurs, for example from contamination of toluene with benzene, provisions of any applicable standard for the other chemicals shall also be followed.Occupational exposure to toluene shall be controlled so that workers shall not be exposed to toluene at a concentration greater 1 i 1 f>o parts per million parts of air (375 milligrams per cubic meter of air) determined as a time-weighted average (TWA) exposure for an 8~hour workday with a ceiling of 200 parts per million parts of air . 7 " - I igrams per cubic meter of air) as determined by a sampling cline of 10 minutes. (b) Sampling, Collection, and Analysis Procedures for collection and analysis of environmental samples he-1 : ' e as provided in Appendix I or by any method shown to be equi valent in accuracy, precision, and sensitivity to the method specified. Section 2 -Medical Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations sauuld be provided for all workers subject to "exposure to toluene." The examination should be directed towards but not limited to the ..._Ldeu.r. of headaches, nausea, and dizziness; particular attention ,iiouid be focused on complaints and evidence of eye, mucous membrane, and skin irritation. Laboratory tests recommended at the time of the biennial examination include complete blood count and urinalysis. Section 3 -Labeling (Posting)#
Administrative controls should also be used to reduce exposure.

# Respirators
shall also be provided and used for nonroutine operations (occasional brief exposures above the TWA of 100 ppm and for emergencies); however, for these instances a variance is not required but the requirements set forth below continue to apply. Appropriate respirators as described in Table 1-1 shall only be used pursuant to the following requirements:
(1) For the purpose of determining the type of respirator to be used, the employer shall measure the atmospheric concentration of toluene in the workplace when the initial application for variance is made and thereafter whenever process, worksite, climate, or control changes occur which are likely to increase the toluene concentration. The employer shall ensure that no worker is being exposed to toluene in excess of the standard either because of improper respirator selection or fit.
(2) Employees experiencing breathing difficulty while wearing respirators shall be medically examined to determine their ability to wear the respirator.
(  and half-mask or full facepiece.
(2) Air line respirator, demand type (negative pressure.), with half-mask facepiece.

# Less than or
(1) Full face gas mask, chin style, equal to 50 times with organic vapor canister.
(2) Supplied air respirator, demand type (negative pressure), with full facepiece.
( (2) Appropriate respirators shall be available for wear during evacuation.
(3) Appropriate extinguishants shall be available for use in toluene fires.

# (c) Exhaust Systems
Where a local exhaust ventilation system is used, it shall be designed and maintained to prevent the accumulation or recirculation of toluene vapor into the workroom.

# (d) General Housekeeping
Emphasis shall be placed upon cleanup of spills, inspection and repair of equipment and leaks, and proper storage of materials.

# (e) Disposal
(1) The disposal of waste toluene and of materials contaminated with it shall be in accordance with applicable regulations.
Toluene or toluene-containing materials should not be discharged into drains or sewers.

#Monitoring and Reporting Requirements
Workroom areas where it has been determined, on the basis of an industrial hygiene survey or the judgment of a compliance officer,

# Historical Reports
Early reports on the health effects resulting from exposure to toluene described its toxicity as being similar to that of benzene.

# Loss of coordination was pronounced and reaction time was definitely impaired.
The symptoms from 50 to 200 ppm were considered by the author to be due chiefly to "psychogenic" factors rather than to toluene vapor.
The author recommended that the vapor concentration of toluene should never exceed 200 ppm.
In addition, changes in the blood and bone marrow were noted and exposures to concentrations of toluene over 500 ppm were considered to pose a risk of depression of the bone marrow.
The benzene content of the toluene was not reported.   Neither the total composition of the glue nor the purity of the toluene was specified.    Two hours after the incident, the toluene concentration was measured and indicated a range of 5,000-10,000 ppm. When one considers that the lower flammable limit of toluene is 12,000 ppm, the hazard encountered was not only a health hazard but also one of fire or an explosion.

# Furnas and Hine
In      The information in Table IV-2 is obtained from a small sampling, but provides a typical example of the accuracy and precision of the method excluding any sampling error.

# Sorbability of Toluene on Charcoal

# Concentrations

# (g) Reagents
(1) Spectroquality carbon disulfide.
(2) Toluene, preferably chromatoquality grade.
(3) Bureau of Mines Grade A helium.
(4) Prepurified hydrogen.
(5) Filtered compressed air.   This may be indicated as a range of maximum amount, ie, 10-20% by volume; 10% maximum by weight.