Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
# Information for Primary Care Providers
Eligible Albertans between the ages of 50 to 74 who currently smoke cigarettes or quit smoking after smoking for many years are now able to get screened for lung cancer through the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Program (ALCSP).

# The evidence
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT):
- Has demonstrated an almost 25% reduction in lung cancer deaths in 2 large, randomized trials 1,2 ;
- It is much more likely to catch lung cancers at stages I or II when it is more likely curable, improving health outcomes.

# Process for screening
Talk with your eligible patients about lung cancer screening. A decision-making tool about the risks and benefits of participating in the program will be provided for your patient. 2. Unclear: In this situation, your patient will usually be asked to come back for another screen in 6 months.
- Abnormal: In this situation, your patient will be asked to come back in 3 months or be referred for other tests.
If your patient's results are unclear or abnormal, the program nurse practitioner will call the patient to inform them of the result and answer any questions they may have.
You may also wish to contact your patient to discuss their results.
All result reports and patient correspondence will be shared with you.
Incidental findings: Low-dose CT scans may occasionally detect non-lung cancer-related abnormalities. You will receive a copy of the radiology report and we recommend that you schedule an appointment with your patient to Information for Primary Care Providers discuss these findings. Referring providers will take responsibility for any required assessments and investigations for incidental findings.

# Tobacco cessation supports
Quitting smoking is one of the best things your patient can do to improve their health. All patients referred to the ALCSP who are currently smoking cigarettes will be referred to Enhanced Tobacco Cessation Service to discuss their interest in quitting smoking and their options for support. Patients may be eligible to receive coverage for nicotine replacement therapy or prescription medications to help them quit. Supports may include: 

# Collection of race and ethnicity data
Race or ethnicity data is being collected as this information has been shown to impact lung cancer risk independent of other factors. This information will not be used by AHS beyond the ALCSP. The collection of this information may make some individuals uncomfortable.
Healthcare personnel requesting this information should be aware of culturally safe collection methods, and ensure:
Thrombosis Canada, alongside NACI and other healthcare organizations in Canada, is closely monitoring emerging evidence on the safety of the AstraZeneca vaccine and will provide timely updates to healthcare professionals and the public to enable informed decisions about the administration of this vaccine.
In the meantime, Thrombosis Canada continues to strongly recommend that all eligible adults receive the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) vaccine, including people with a prior blood clot, those with a blood clotting tendency (e.g., factor V Leiden mutation), and people who are receiving blood thinners as the benefits of receiving the vaccine far outweigh the risks.
ICRC assistance enables physical rehabilitation centres to address the needs of populations affected by confl ict. The three main objectives of the programme are:
- to improve accessibility to rehabilitation services;
- to promote quality of service;
- to ensure the long-term functioning of services.
Many programmes require uninterrupted, full-time ICRC assistance for many years before the ICRC's partner achieves full technological, managerial and fi nancial autonomy. Financial autonomy is often particularly diffi cult to achieve, as physical rehabilitation is rarely a health priority in countries where the ICRC operates. It is essential that these projects continue to provide services for disabled people after the ICRC leaves, as they will need to have their appliances replaced and repaired for the rest of their lives.
The ICRC promotes access to services, the quality of these services and their durability.

# Farzana Wahidy/ICRC
The ICRC provides three types of assistance: technical, fi nancial and educational.
Technical:
- introducing low-cost, highquality technology to keep running costs low -this is essential, as projects will later be handed over to local organizations;
- helping local organizations set up patient management procedures that will guarantee high-quality services;
- providing expatriate personnel to support national personnel in physical rehabilitation centres. Financial:
- donating raw materials, equi pment and components;
- reimbursing centres for services they provide;
- facilitating patient access to centres (e.g. by providing transport or accommodation);
- building and renovating infrastructure.
Educational: - on-the-job training;
- refresher courses;
- upgrading programmes;
- formal training.
Expatriate personnel support national staff in service provision. 

# Long-term approach
To make rehabilitation programmes as sustainable as possible, the ICRC:
- works with partner organizations that will be able to take over services in the long term;
- helps organizations provide services to disabled people in the long term, in particular by expanding their capacity.
The main goal has thus always been to set up rehabilitation pro- 

# Mission
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance. It directs and coordinates the international relief activities conducted by the Movement in situations of confl ict. It also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles.
Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Their disabilities are permanent and they will need physical rehabilitation services for the rest of their lives.
# PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
Physical rehabilitation helps restore the functional capacity of people who have lost limbs or injured spinal cords, allowing them to carry on as normal a life as possible. It includes both the provision of arti cial limbs and other assistive devices which can restore lost capacity and physiotherapy to enable patients learn how to use these assistive devices. It enables people with disabilities to resume their lives independently, to work and to reintegrate into family and community activities.

# ICRC SUPPORT
In 2004, the ICRC in cooperation with the International Nepal Fellowship (INF) started assisting the Green Pastures Hospital in Pokhara. The institution extended its support to the Yerahity Rehabilitation Centre run by the Nepal Army in Kathmandu in 2009. These rehabilitation centres are provided with nancial assistance, supplies, equipment and the consumables for fabricating arti cial limbs.
The ICRC also sponsors Nepali students to attend the formal three-year training course at the Cambodian School of Prosthetics and Orthotics in Phnom Penh. To enrich their professional experience, the institution organised clinical placements for physiotherapists and prosthetic/orthotic technicians in rehabilitation centres assisted by the ICRC in Cambodia.
In order to improve access to physical rehabilitation services in Nepal, the ICRC introduced a low-cost polypropylene technology for fabricating arti cial limbs at both of the rehabilitation centres that it supports. This technology ensures that good quality rehabilitation services are a ordable and thus accessible to low income persons.

# SERVICES PROVIDED
Physical rehabilitation centres supported by the ICRC provide custom-made arti cial limbs and support devices (orthoses), crutches and wheelchairs designed according to the needs of the patients. Bene ciaries receive physiotherapy to help them learn how to use new devices and to regain their full mobility. People with disabilities who receive wheelchairs have them properly adjusted to avoid further health complications, and are trained on how to use them safely.
People with irreversible disability need follow-up services throughout their lives. They need their mobility aids adjusted or repaired regularly, and replaced once every three years. Therefore, the ICRC works closely with the Nepal Red Cross Society District Chapters to follow up registered patients and to identify new bene ciaries.
To ensure equitable access to these services, the ICRC reimburses travel costs to all amputees inculding armed con ict-related disabled persons. It also pays for the cost of the entire treatment ( tting) for victims of the armed con ict and other situations of violence. Those who became disabled due to accidents, natural disasters or diseases may have to bear all or some of the treatment cost.

# HOW TO GET ASSISTANCE
People requiring physical rehabilitation services can contact the Green Pastures Hospital or the Yerahity Rehabilitation Centre directly. They can also contact their nearest Nepal Red Cross Society Chapter / Sub-chapter or ICRC o ces for further information.
# ICRC PHYSICAL REHABILITATION PROGRAMS
Physical rehabilitation helps disabled people regain their mobility so that they can lead a life in dignity and play an active role in the society.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) physical rehabilitation programs are designed to strengthen the rehabilitation services in countries where the ICRC operates.
In Bangladesh, the ICRC has partnered with the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) to help the most vulnerable people with disabilities rebuild their lives.

# THE PROGRAM INVOLVES:
 providing high-quality, low-cost prosthetic and orthotic appliances (artificial limbs and assistive devices);  supporting local ortho-prosthetists (technicians) with internationally recognized training;  improving the capacities of local partners and authorities so that they can ensure sustainable orthopaedic services;
 supporting local physiotherapists in the process of enabling persons in need of prosthesis or orthosis to walk independently;

# WHAT THE ICRC PROVIDES
For the most vulnerable people with disabilities attending the CRP, the ICRC will cover:
 the cost of raw materials for the production of prosthesis and orthosis;  the cost of accommodation and meals during the patient's stay at the centre;  transport costs to and from the patients' place of residence.

# WHAT THE ICRC EXPECTS FROM THE PATIENTS
Because each device is tailor-made, the initial rehabilitation process may take time. Therefore, you will be asked to stay in the CRP for up to two weeks.
You should carry basic essentials such as shoes, medicine, change of clothes, soap, toothbrush etc. for the duration of your stay.
Once you leave the centre, you are fully responsible for ensuring that your devices are clean and in full working condition. 

# SOCIAL INCLUSION
People with disabilities often experience limited opportunities in society such as di culties in access to health, education, employment and even obstacles in living a normal family life.
The CRP runs a number of social inclusion programs that support in integrating disabled people into society. The ICRC supports the vocational training at CRP so that the most vulnerable disabled people can stand on their own feet and cO "Q `i Qwe: wUj gqvi/AvBwmAviwm MISSION The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the Geneva Conventions and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It directs and coordinates the international activities conducted by the Movement in armed conflicts and other situations of violence.
# THE NEEDS
One of the most significant consequences of armed conflict and other situations of violence is their impact on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of the people affected.
The term 'mental health and psychosocial support' (MHPSS) describes a wide range of activities undertaken by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to address the psychosocial, psychological and psychiatric problems caused or exacerbated by conflict.

# THE RESPONSE
The ICRC develops programmes that build up local capacity to stabilize and improve the mental health and ensure the emotional well-being of individuals and communities affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. 

# MISSION
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the Geneva Conventions and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It directs and coordinates the international activities conducted by the Movement in armed conflicts and other situations of violence.
Radiofrequency denervation for osteoarthritic knee pain

Evidence-based recommendations on radiofrequency denervation for osteoarthritic knee pain. This involves applying heat (radiofrequency) energy to damage the nerves (denervation) that are causing pain in the knee.

# Recommendations
Radiofrequency denervation for osteoarthritic knee pain may be used if standard arrangements are in place for clinical governance, consent and audit. Find out what standard arrangements mean on the NICE interventional procedures guidance page.
The procedure should only be done by clinicians with specific training and experience in this procedure.
For auditing the outcomes of this procedure, the main efficacy and safety outcomes identified in this guidance can be entered into NICE's interventional procedure outcomes audit tool (for use at local discretion).
Why the committee made these recommendations
There is good evidence to show that this procedure relieves pain in the short term. There are no major safety concerns, and the complications, including numbness, are well recognised.# The condition, current treatments and procedure

# The condition
Osteoarthritis is characterised by localised loss of cartilage, remodelling of adjacent bone and associated inflammation. Knees are one of the most affected joints, with pain being a significant symptom.

# Current treatments
Various treatments are available for pain caused by knee osteoarthritis, including non-pharmacological (such as physiotherapy), pharmacological (such as analgesics and intra-articular corticosteroids) and surgical approaches (such as knee arthroplasty). When non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions do not work or symptoms are severe, surgery may be needed.

# The procedure
This procedure is often done in 2 stages. Both are done under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance. First, to assess suitability for radiofrequency denervation, people are given a diagnostic nerve block by injecting a local anaesthetic to the target nerves. If the diagnostic nerve block relieves the pain, the person is a candidate for radiofrequency denervation.
A probe is introduced to the treatment site. Several targets have been described, including the genicular nerves, the saphenous nerve, and the articular cavity. Radiofrequency energy is used to denervate the target nerves. The radiofrequency energy can be delivered as conventional radiofrequency, cooled radiofrequency or pulsed radiofrequency. The aim is to reduce pain and delay the need for knee arthroplasty.
COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing COVID-19

This guideline covers the management of COVID-19 for babies, children, young people and adults in all care settings. It brings together our existing recommendations on managing COVID-19, and new recommendations on therapeutics, so that healthcare staff and those planning and delivering services can find and use them more easily.

# Recommendations
How to use this guideline
Introduction
Definition of disease severity
Communication and shared decision making
Assessment
In the community
In hospital
Management
In the community
Care planning
Managing cough
Managing fever
Managing breathlessness
Managing anxiety, delirium and agitation
Managing medicines
In hospital
Deciding when to escalate treatment
Escalating and de-escalating treatment
Delivering services in critical care and respiratory support units
Non-invasive respiratory support
Therapeutics for COVID-19
Antivirals
Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir
Remdesivir
Molnupiravir
Sotrovimab
Corticosteroids
Casirivimab and imdevimab
Tocilizumab
Baricitinib
Low molecular weight heparins
Antibiotics
Azithromycin
Budesonide (inhaled)
Colchicine
Doxycycline
Ivermectin
Vitamin D
Ongoing review of therapeutics for COVID-19
Preventing and managing acute complications
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Assessing and managing acute kidney injury (AKI)
Follow up
Acute myocardial injury
Diagnosing acute myocardial injury
Managing myocardial injury
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis
In hospital
In hospital-led acute care in the community
People with COVID-19 and additional risk factors
Information and support
Identifying and managing co-infections
Other causes of pneumonia
Identifying other causes of pneumonia
Antibiotic treatment in the community
Starting antibiotics in hospital
Choice of antibiotics in hospital
Reviewing antibiotic treatment in hospital
COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)
Diagnosing CAPA
Treating CAPA
Discharge, follow up and rehabilitation
Palliative care
Principles of care
Medicines for end-of-life care
Research recommendations
Equality considerations
Equalities impact assessment during scoping - draft scope
Equalities impact assessment during scoping - final scope
Equalities impact assessment during guideline development
Methods and processes
Daytime intraoral neuromuscular electrical tongue stimulation using a removable device for obstructive sleep apnoea

Evidence-based recommendations on daytime intraoral neuromuscular electrical tongue stimulation using a removable device for obstructive sleep apnoea. This involves placing a mouthpiece around the tongue inside the mouth (intraoral). It delivers electrical stimulation to the muscles of the tongue (neuromuscular). The aim is to reduce airway obstruction during sleep.

# Recommendations
Evidence on the safety and efficacy of daytime intraoral neuromuscular electrical tongue stimulation using a removable device for obstructive sleep apnoea is inadequate in quality and quantity. So, this procedure should be used only in research. Find out what only in research means on the NICE interventional procedures guidance page.
Further research should include suitably powered randomised controlled trials and analysis of observational data, to assess efficacy, safety and adherence. Research should report details of patient selection, duration of treatment and effect, effect on snoring and sleep apnoea, quality of life and complications.# The condition, current treatments and procedure

# The condition
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition in which the upper airway narrows or closes during sleep when the throat muscles intermittently relax. This causes reduced breathing (hypopnoea) or breathing to temporarily stop (apnoea). OSA can lead to major neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae.

# Current treatments
Management of OSA includes lifestyle changes (such as weight loss), continuous positive airway pressure, oral devices (mandibular advancement devices), neuromuscular electrical stimulation and upper airway surgery.

# The procedure
In this procedure, an intraoral removable device is used to deliver neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the intrinsic and extrinsic (genioglossus) muscles of the tongue. The aim is to improve tongue endurance and reduce airway obstruction during sleep.
A mouthpiece with an electrode array that fits onto the tongue is placed in the mouth by the person during the daytime while they are awake. Bipolar biphasic current is then delivered for about 20 minutes with predetermined low frequency stimulation and rest periods. The mouthpiece is removed once the session is complete. The intensity of the stimulation is controlled by the person, for example by using a smartphone app. An entire therapy usually lasts about 6 weeks, with a 20-minute daytime session each day while awake.
Somatrogon for treating growth disturbance in children and young people aged 3 years and over

Evidence-based recommendations on somatrogon (Ngenla) for treating growth disturbance in children and young people aged 3 years and over.

# Recommendations
Somatrogon is recommended, within its marketing authorisation, as an option for treating growth disturbance caused by growth hormone deficiency in children and young people aged 3 years and over.
If people with the condition and their clinicians consider somatrogon to be 1 of a range of suitable treatments (including any preparation of somatropin) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the available treatments. After that discussion, if more than 1 treatment is suitable, choose the least expensive. Take account of administration costs, dosage, price per dose and commercial arrangements.
Why these recommendations were made
Growth disturbance caused by growth hormone deficiency is usually treated with somatropin, available in multiple preparations, which are already recommended in NICE's technology appraisal guidance on somatropin. Somatragon works in a similar way, but it is a weekly injection instead of a daily one.
Evidence from clinical trials shows that somatrogon is as effective as one preparation of somatropin (Genotropin).
The cost modelling used a range of dosages of somatropin (0.023 to 0.039 mg/kg per day), which clinical experts advised is the range of dosages used in the NHS.
Using this range of dosages, a cost comparison suggests the costs of somatrogon are similar to those of the somatropin preparations. So somatrogon is recommended.
For all evidence see the committee papers. To see what NICE did for somatropin, see the committee discussion in NICE's guidance on somatropin.# Information about somatrogon

# Marketing authorisation indication
Somatrogon (Ngenla, Pfizer) is indicated for 'the treatment of children and adolescents from 3 years of age with growth disturbance due to insufficient secretion of growth hormone'.

# Dosage in the marketing authorisation
The dosage schedule is available in the summary of product characteristics for somatrogon.

# Price
166.08 per 1.2-ml vial containing 24 mg of somatrogon or 415.20 for a 1.2-ml vial containing 60 mg of somatrogon (excluding VAT, company submission, December 2022). At the recommended dose of 0.66 mg per kg per week the estimated annual cost for a 40 kg patient is 9,500. Costs may vary in different settings because of negotiated procurement discounts.