Persius/hicric huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapy for Arthritis Treatment
In the earlier days, maintaining the well-being of arthritis patients was a challenging task. But in recent times, physical therapy has proven to be an ideal solution for arthritis treatment as it improves mobility, reduces dizziness and pain, and improves balance, strength and function. Physical therapy for arthritis treatment has proven to be beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis, spinal arthritis, knee arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Physical therapists trained in a variety of exercises and treatment options offer physical therapy treatment to help individuals manage the symptoms of arthritis. In addition to therapeutic exercises such as range-of-motion and strengthening exercise, therapists use a variety of physical therapy modalities such as electrotherapy, ultrasound, heat and ice to lessen stress and the severity of pain you feel. Depending on the condition of arthritis sufferers, hands-on (manual) and supervised exercise programs are offered as part of the PT treatment to reduce stiffness as well as minimize the possibility of further problems. A variety of techniques including Myofascial release, traction and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are available to get rid of problems related to arthritis. Besides this, therapeutic massage is given as part of this therapy service to reduce arthritis symptoms.
Incorporating all these modalities and techniques, the physical therapy treatment is designed to improve flexibility, joint mobility and avoid further joint damage. The physical therapists, who offer service for arthritis treatment,
- Help you explore the treatment options available in PT methodology
- Teach you how to perform everyday activities without difficulty
- elp you to get yourself back on track
Normally, physical therapy is recommended for all arthritis patients. However, there is no risk involved in this treatment procedure. In the United States, physical therapy procedures for arthritis treatment are provided in a variety of healthcare settings such as hospitals, community health centers, nursing homes, clinics, rehabilitation cabs and long term acute care centers to control inflammation and regain overall body fitness and well-being. So when you are in need of therapy service for arthritis treatment, find a quality provider to help you regain normalcy of movement.
Reference
Posterior branch of the obturator artery
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The posterior branch of the obturator artery follows the posterior margin of the foramen and turns forward on the inferior ramus of the ischium, where it anastomoses with the anterior branch.
It gives twigs to the muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity and anastomoses with the inferior gluteal.
It also supplies an articular branch which enters the hip-joint through the acetabular notch, ramifies in the fat at the bottom of the acetabulum and sends a twig along the ligamentum teres to the head of the femur.
Retroverted uterus (patient information)
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Synonyms and Keywords: Uterus retroversion; Malposition of the uterus; Tipped uterus; Tilted uterus

# Overview
Retroversion of the uterus occurs when a woman's uterus (womb) tilts backward rather than forward. It is commonly called a "tipped uterus."

# What are the symptoms of Retroverted uterus?
- Retroversion of the uterus almost never causes any symptoms.
- Rarely, it may cause pain or discomfort.

# What causes Retroverted uterus?
- Retroversion of the uterus is common. It is the normal uterine position in about 20% of all women.
- Weakening pelvic ligaments associated with menopause may cause this condition in women who previously did not have a retroverted uterus.
- Enlargement of the uterus, either as the result of a pregnancy or a tumor, may also lead to retroversion.
- Scar tissue in the pelvis (pelvic adhesions) can also hold the uterus in a retroverted position. Such scarring may result from:
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Salpingitis
- Pelvic surgery

# When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you develop persistent pelvic pain or discomfort.

# Diagnosis
- A pelvic examination reveals the position of the uterus. However, a tipped uterus can sometimes be mistaken for a pelvic mass or an enlarging fibroid.
- A rectovaginal exam may be used to distinguish between a mass and a retroverted uterus.
- An ultrasound examination can be used to determine the exact position of the uterus, if necessary.

# Treatment options
- Treatment is usually not necessary.
- Any underlying disorders (such as endometriosis or adhesions) may be treated as needed.

# Where to find medical care for Retroverted uterus?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Retroverted uterus

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Usually this condition does not cause problems.

# Possible complications
Atypical positioning of the uterus may be caused by endometriosis, salpingitis, or pressure from a growing tumor. These conditions should be ruled out in a patient with pain or other symptoms.

# Prevention
- There is no known prevention.
- However, early treatment of PID or endometriosis may reduce the chances of a change in the position of the uterus.

# Source
Rifampin isoniazid clinical pharmacology

# Clinical Pharmacology

## Rifampin
Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. This is the mechanism of action by which rifampin exerts its therapeutic effect. Rifampin cross-resistance has only been shown with other rifamycins.
In a study of 14 normal human adult males, peak blood levels of rifampin occurred 1 1/2 to 3 hours following oral administration of two RIFAMATE capsules. The peaks ranged from 6.9 to 14 mcg/ml with an average of 10 mcg/ml.
In normal subjects the T1/2 (biological half-life) of rifampin in blood is approximately 3 hours. Elimination occurs mainly through the bile and, to a much lesser extent, the urine.

## Isoniazid
Isoniazid acts against actively growing tubercle bacilli.
After oral administration isoniazid produces peak blood levels within 1 to 2 hours which decline to 50% or less within 6 hours. It diffuses readily into all body fluids (cerebrospinal, pleural, and ascitic fluids), tissues, organs, and excreta (saliva, sputum, and feces). The drug also passes through the placental barrier and into milk in concentrations comparable to those in the plasma. From 50 to 70% of a dose of isoniazid is excreted in the urine in 24 hours.
Isoniazid is metabolized primarily by acetylation and dehydrazination. The rate of acetylation is genetically determined. Approximately 50% of Blacks and Caucasians are "slow inactivators"; the majority of Eskimos and Orientals are "rapid inactivators."
The rate of acetylation does not significantly alter the effectiveness of isoniazid. However, slow acetylation may lead to higher blood levels of the drug, and thus an increase in toxic reactions.
Pyridoxine deficiency (B6) is sometimes observed in adults with high doses of isoniazid and is considered probably due to its competition with pyridoxal phosphate for the enzyme apotryptophanase.
Rifampin isoniazid indications and usage

# Indications And Usage
For pulmonary tuberculosis in which organisms are susceptible, and when the patient has been titrated on the individual components and it has therefore been established that this fixed dosage is therapeutically effective.
This fixed-dosage combination drug is not recommended for initial therapy of tuberculosis or for preventive therapy.
In the treatment of tuberculosis, small numbers of resistant cells, present within large populations of susceptible cells, can rapidly become the predominating type. Since rapid emergence of resistance can occur, culture and susceptibility tests should be performed in the event of persistent positive cultures.
This drug is not indicated for the treatment of meningococcal infections or asymptomatic carriers of N. meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx.
Risks stratification and benefits of PCI

# Overview
There are several risk assessment scores which can help in determining a patient's risk for death, myocardial infarction and recurrent cardiac events.

# Risks Stratification and Benefits of PCI

## Risk Score Assessment

### The TIMI Risk Score for STEMI

### The TIMI Risk Score for UA/NSTEMI

### The GRACE Risk Score

## Risk Stratification Tools

### Risk Stratification in the Patient with Stable Angina

### Risk Stratification in the Patient with Unstable Angina or Non ST Elevation MI

### Risk Stratification in the Patient with ST Elevation MI

## Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy

### In Patients With Stable Angina

### In Patients With Unstable Angina or Non ST Elevation MI

### In Patients With ST Elevation MI

# Benefits of Rescue PCI
Studies demonstrated that rescue PCI after failed fibrinolytic therapy is related to a lower risk of cardiovascular events when compared to repeated fibrinolytic therapy or conservative managements.
- However, rates of complications such as stroke and bleeding were higher in the rescue PCI group.
- On the other hand, the fact that those studies have been done in the era of femoral artery access and limited antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies may explain the higher rates of stroke and bleeding.
- Half-dose tenecteplase in patients older than 75 years old reduces the risk of stroke.
- Furthermore, radial artery access instead of femoral artery or avoiding routine use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors could be used to decrease the risk of bleeding.
Royal National Institute of Blind People
The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) is a charity  with its headquarters based in London, England, set up by Thomas Rhodes Armitage to lobby for and help people who are blind or partially sighted. Its patron is the Queen.
It helps anyone in the UK with a sight problem - whether they have been recently diagnosed or have a long-term condition.
It is active in promoting and building accessible website designs.
RNIB's library has merged with the National Library for the Blind to form the RNIB National Library Service.
RNIB's campaign work over the next three years will be around six priority areas:
- eliminating avoidable sight loss;
- improving access to health and social care;
- improving access to information and information systems;
- increasing employment amongst blind and partially sighted people;
- increasing income for blind and partially sighted people;
- improving access to television, audio visual culture and life-long learning.
RNIB will also continue to campaign on reactive issues.
RNIB campaigns and lobbies to influence decision makers.  It has strong links with government in the EU and Westminster and the devolved administrations in the UK.  It works in partnership with other organisations to maximise the effectiveness of campaigns.

# Links with other organisations
Galloway's Society for the Blind acts as the local agent in Lancashire for the distribution and supply of RNIB equipment.

# Trivia
Dame Jean Conan Doyle's will stipulated that some copyrights to her father's creations (such as remaining copyrights to Sherlock Holmes) were to be transferred to the RNIB.  As most of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's work had reached the public domain by the time of her death in 1997 it is unlikely that much revenue was generated from this.
Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry is a sensitive and quantitative mass spectrometry technique for trace gas analyses using chemical ionisation of sample trace gases by selected positive ions during a well-defined time period along a flow tube. Absolute concentrations of trace compounds in humid air or breath are calculated in real time from the reagent and product ion signal ratios without the need for calibration using standards. SIFT-MS is primarily used for on-line quantification of trace gases in human breath for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. SIFT-MS has also great potential as a tool for non- invasive physiological monitoring. Other valuable applications are now emerging in agriculture and animal husbandry, environmental research and food technology.

# Instrumentation
In the SIFT-MS instrument the ions are created in an microwave plasma ion source which is external to the flow tube. The ions are then extracted from the ion source, selected according to their mass-to-charge ratio using a quadrupole mass filter and injected into a flowing carrier gas (usually helium at a pressure of 0.5 to 1 Torr) via a small orifice ( ~1 mm diameter).
The carrier gas is inhibited from entering the quadrupole mass filter chamber by injecting it into the flow tube through a Venturi-type inlet at near-supersonic velocity in a direction away from the orifice. In this way a swarm of a single ion species thermalised at the same temperature as the carrier gas are convected along the flow tube (50 to 400 mm long), sampled by a downstream pinhole orifice, mass analysed and counted by a differentially-pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer system.

# Application
In addition to laboratory use, a New Zealand company, has a SIFT-MS which is "photocopier" size, easy to use, and can detect, among other compounds TATP.
Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA--gal or SABG) is a hypothetical hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of -galactosides into monosaccharides only in senescent cells. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, along with p16Ink4A, is regarded to be a biomarker of cellular senescence.
Its existence was proposed in 1995 by Dimri et al. following the observation that when beta-galactosidase assays were carried out at pH 6.0, only cells in senescence state develop staining. They proposed a cytochemical assay based on production of a blue-dyed precipitate that results from the cleavage of the chromogenic substrate X-Gal, which stains blue when cleaved by galactosidase. Since then, even more specific quantitative assays were developed for its detection at pH 6.0.
Today this phenomenon is explained by the overexpression and accumulation of the endogenous lysosomal beta-galactosidase specifically in senescent cells. Its expression is not required for senescence. However, it remains as the most widely used biomarker for senescent and aging cells, because it is easy to detect and reliable both in situ and in vitro.
Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1
Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1 is a regulator of Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3. It is encoded by the gene SLC9A3R1. It is also known as ERM Binding Protein 50 (EBP50) or Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor (NHERF1).  It is believed to interact via long-range allostery, involving significant protein dynamics.

# Mechanism
Members of the ezrin (VIL2; MIM 123900)-radixin (RDX; MIM 179410)-moesin (MSN; MIM 309845) (ERM) protein family are highly concentrated in the apical aspect of polarized epithelial cells. These cells are studded with microvilli containing bundles of actin filaments, which must attach to the membrane to assemble and maintain the microvilli. The ERM proteins, together with merlin, the NF2 (MIM 607379) gene product, are thought to be linkers between integral membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, and they bind directly to actin in vitro. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization requires the activation of a sodium/hydrogen exchanger (SLC9A3; MIM 182307). SLC9A3R1 is an ERM-binding protein.

# Interactions
Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1 has been shown to interact with:
- ADRB2,
- Beta-catenin,
- CFTR,
- GNAQ,
- OPRK1,
- PAG1,
- PDGFRA,
- PDGFRB,
- PDZK1,
- PTH1R,
- SLC4A8,
- YAP1,  and
- EZR
Special Program of Assisted Reproduction
The Special Program of Assisted Reproduction (SPAR) is a program offered to HIV discordant couples (serodiscordant) at the Bedford Research Foundations clinical laboratory . The program takes advantage of ART (Assisted Reproduction Technology) procedures (including "sperm washing") to assist couples achieve a pregnancy who would otherwise risk transmitting the father's HIV infection to the mother and the child through intercourse.
SPAR employs extremely stringent safety standards; samples will only be submitted for "sperm washing" and cryopreservation that have first been screened for HIV virus particles and infected cells by specialized molecular biology tests. Only samples that have been determined to have an undetectable HIV viral burden will be submitted for infertility procedures.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), treat many disorders of the female, but until recent years, treatment options for male factor infertility were limited, and donor sperm was routinely recommended to achieve a pregnancy. Advances in ART, however, have created new possibilities for men with male factor infertility, including those whose sperm counts have been decreased by cancer treatment and other diseases, and men with incurable, sexually transmissible virus diseases.
Infectious diseases transmissible by semen for which there is no cure include:
- Hepatitis B (and possibly Hepatitis C)
- Human T Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

# History
SPAR began in 1994 at the New England Deaconess Hospital (now Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) as a support group for couples wishing to parent when one of them had an incurable sexually transmitted disease. The patient couples began raising money to fund the research needed to develop the methods to improve the safety of attempting pregnancy. By 1996 sufficient funds were available to begin, but a merger between the Beth Israel Hospital and the New England Deaconess Hospital (now Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) necessitated the creation of an independent Massachusetts public charity, the Assisted Reproduction Foundation (now the Bedford Research Foundation directed by Dr. Ann Kiessling), to continue the work. Within two years, the methods for reducing, and perhaps eliminating, the risks of infection to the mother and the child were developed and Baby Ryan was born in 1999.
The goal of SPAR was to provide semen testing by experts that would ensure improved safety of sperm that could then be shipped to infertility clinics near the couple's home. In this way, couples could be cared for in the same manner as other couples in their community. Fortunately, a few clinics were willing to help with this effort, and by 2002, seven collaborating clinics around the country were caring for couples living with HIV disease.
In the Spring of 2000 a ground breaking study was completed, giving significant insight to the role of semen producing organs in HIV anti-viral therapy.
Structure specific recognition protein 1
FACT complex subunit SSRP1 also known as structure specific recognition protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSRP1 gene.

# Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of a heterodimer that, along with SUPT16H, forms chromatin transcriptional elongation factor FACT. FACT interacts specifically with histones H2A/H2B to effect nucleosome disassembly and transcription elongation. FACT and cisplatin-damaged DNA may be crucial to the anticancer mechanism of cisplatin. This encoded protein contains a high mobility group box which most likely constitutes the structure recognition element for cisplatin-modified DNA. This protein also functions as a co-activator of the transcriptional activator p63.

# Interactions
Structure specific recognition protein 1 has been shown to interact with NEK9.
SSRP1 further interacts with transcriptional activator p63. SSRP1 enhances the activity of full-length p63, but it has no effect on the N-terminus-deleted p63 (DeltaN-p63) variant.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV

# Overview
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) is a semistuctured interview for making most of the major DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. The SCID-II is a semi-structured interview for making DSM-IV Axis II (Personality Disorder) diagnoses. There are at least 700 reports of published studies in which the SCID was the diagnostic instrument used. Major parts of the SCID have been translated into other languages, including Danish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, and  Zulu.
An Axis I SCID assessment with a psychiatric patient usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the past psychiatric history and the subject's ability to clearly describe episodes of current and past symptoms. A SCID with a non-psychiatric patient takes 1/2 hour to 1-1/2 hours. A SCID II personality assesment takes about 1/2 to 1 hour.
The instrument was designed to be administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional, for example a psychologist or social worker. Ideally, this would be someone who has had experience performing unstructured, open-ended question, diagnostic evaluations. However, for the purposes of some research studies, non-clinician research assistants, who have extensive experience with the study population in question, and who have demonstrated competence, have been trained to use the SCID. The less clinical experience and specific education the potential interviewer has had, the more training is required.
Reliability and validity of the SCID for DSM-III-R has been reported in several published studies. With regard to reliability, the range in reliability is enormous, depending on the type of the sample and research metholodogy (i.e., joint vs. test-retest, multi-site vs. single site with raters who have worked together, etc.)

# SCID-D
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative disorders (SCID-D) is widely used to diagnose Dissociative disorders, especially in research settings.  This interview takes about 30 minutes to 1.5 hours, depending on individual's experiences.  The SCID-D has been translated into Dutch and used in the Netherlands.
Tardive dyskinesia (patient information)
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# Overview
Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder that involves involuntary movements, especially of the lower face. Tardive means "delayed" and dyskinesia means "abnormal movement."

# What are the symptoms of Tardive dyskinesia?
- Facial grimacing
- Jaw swinging
- Repetitive chewing
- Tongue thrusting

# What causes Tardive dyskinesia?
Tardive dyskinesia is a serious side effect that occurs when you take  medications called neuroleptics. It occurs most frequently when the  medications are taken for a long time, but in some cases it can also  occur after you take them for a short amount of time.
The drugs that most commonly cause this disorder are older  antipsychotic drugs, including:
- Haloperidol
- Fluphenazine
- Trifluoperazine
Other drugs, similar to antipsychotic drugs, that can cause tardive  dyskinesia include:
- Cinnarizine
- Flunarizine (Sibelium)
- Metoclopramide

# Who is at highest risk?
People taking medications called neuroleptics are at risk for tardive dyskinesia. Examples of these medications are listed above.

# Where to find medical care for Tardive dyskinesia?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Tardive dyskinesia

# What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
If diagnosed early, the condition may be reversed by stopping the drug that caused the symptoms. Even if the antipsychotic drugs are stopped, the involuntary movements may become permanent and in some cases may become significantly worse.

# Source