Haplogroup CR (Y-DNA)
In human genetics, Haplogroup CR (M168, M294) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.
Haplogroup CR contains the M168 change, which is present in all Y-chromosome haplogroups except A and B and is therefore the common ancestral type of all early migration out of Africa as per the Single origin hypothesis. The mutation is believed to have occurred 31 to 55 thousand years before present within North East Africa.
The defining mutations separating CR (all haplogroups excepting A and B) are M168 and M294. These mutations predate the "Out of Africa" migration. The defining mutations of DE probably occurred in Northeastern Africa some 50,000 years ago. The M130 and M216 mutations that distinguish Haplogroup C from all other descendants of CR may have occurred somewhat earlier, perhaps even as early as 60,000 years ago, after the first Out of Africa migration brought Homo sapiens to the southern coast of Southwest Asia.
- Haplogroup C (M130, M216) Found in eastern Eurasia, Oceania, Japan, and North America
Haplogroup C1 (M8, M105, M131) Found in Japan
Haplogroup C2 (M38) Found in New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia
Haplogroup C3 (M217, P44) Found throughout Eurasia and North America, but especially among Mongols, Kazakhs, Tungusic peoples, Nivkhs, and Na-Dene-speaking peoples
Haplogroup C4 (M347) Found among the indigenous peoples in Australia
Haplogroup C5 (M356) Found in the Indian subcontinent
- Haplogroup C1 (M8, M105, M131) Found in Japan
- Haplogroup C2 (M38) Found in New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia
- Haplogroup C3 (M217, P44) Found throughout Eurasia and North America, but especially among Mongols, Kazakhs, Tungusic peoples, Nivkhs, and Na-Dene-speaking peoples
- Haplogroup C4 (M347) Found among the indigenous peoples in Australia
- Haplogroup C5 (M356) Found in the Indian subcontinent
- Haplogroup DE (M1, M145, M203) ca. 50 ka
Haplogroup D (M174) Found in Tibet, Japan, the Andaman Islands
Haplogroup D1 (M15)
Haplogroup D2 (M55, M57, M64.1, M179, P12, P37.1, P41.1 (M359.1), 12f2.2)
Haplogroup D3 (P47)
Haplogroup E (M40, M96) Found in Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean
Haplogroup E1 (M33, M132)
Haplogroup E2 (M75)
Haplogroup E3 (P2, DYS391p)
Haplogroup E3a (M2) Found in  Africa
Haplogroup E3b (M35) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians and Somalis), North Africa (especially Berbers and Egyptians), the Middle East, the Mediterranean (esp. Greeks, Albanians, and Italians)
- Haplogroup D (M174) Found in Tibet, Japan, the Andaman Islands
Haplogroup D1 (M15)
Haplogroup D2 (M55, M57, M64.1, M179, P12, P37.1, P41.1 (M359.1), 12f2.2)
Haplogroup D3 (P47)
- Haplogroup D1 (M15)
- Haplogroup D2 (M55, M57, M64.1, M179, P12, P37.1, P41.1 (M359.1), 12f2.2)
- Haplogroup D3 (P47)
- Haplogroup E (M40, M96) Found in Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean
Haplogroup E1 (M33, M132)
Haplogroup E2 (M75)
Haplogroup E3 (P2, DYS391p)
Haplogroup E3a (M2) Found in  Africa
Haplogroup E3b (M35) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians and Somalis), North Africa (especially Berbers and Egyptians), the Middle East, the Mediterranean (esp. Greeks, Albanians, and Italians)
- Haplogroup E1 (M33, M132)
- Haplogroup E2 (M75)
- Haplogroup E3 (P2, DYS391p)
Haplogroup E3a (M2) Found in  Africa
Haplogroup E3b (M35) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians and Somalis), North Africa (especially Berbers and Egyptians), the Middle East, the Mediterranean (esp. Greeks, Albanians, and Italians)
- Haplogroup E3a (M2) Found in  Africa
- Haplogroup E3b (M35) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians and Somalis), North Africa (especially Berbers and Egyptians), the Middle East, the Mediterranean (esp. Greeks, Albanians, and Italians)
- Haplogroup F (M89, M213) Found in Southern India, Sri Lanka, Yunnan, Korea