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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules say indications: 
Molecular pathology procedures (Tier1 and Tier 2) may be eligible for coverage when ALL of the following 
criteria are met: 
 
    Alternative laboratory or clinical tests to definitively diagnose the disorder/identify the condition are 
unavailable or results are clearly equivocal; AND 
    Availability of a clinically valid test, based on published peer reviewed medical literature; AND 
    Testing assay(s) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved/cleared or if LDT (lab developed test) 
or LDT protocol or FDA modified test(s) the laboratory documentation should support assay(s) of analytical 
validity and clinical utility; AND 
    Results of the testing must directly impact treatment or management of the Medicare beneficiary; AND 
    For testing panels, including but not limited to, multiple genes or multiple conditions, and in cases where a 
tiered approach/method is clinically available, testing would be covered ONLY for the number of genes or test 
that are reasonable and necessary to obtain necessary information for therapeutic decision making; AND 
    Individual has not previously received genetic testing for the disease/condition. (In general, diagnostic 
genetic testing for a disease should be performed once in a lifetime.) Exceptions include clinical scenarios 
whereby repeat testing of somatically-acquired mutations (for example, pre- and post- therapy) may be required 
to inform appropriate therapeutic decision-making. 
 
 Limitations: 
 
    Any procedures required prior to cell lysis should be reported separately and utilization must be clearly 
supported based on the application and clinical utility. Such claims may be subject to prepayment medical 
review. 
    The medically necessary interpretation and report of a molecular pathology test, written by a pathologist, 
which is above and beyond the report of standard laboratory results may not be reported by Non- physician 
practitioners (e.g., PhD, scientists etc.); only physicians are eligible to report this service. 
    Testing for quality assurance component of the service is not separately billable. 
 CALR (calreticulin) (eg, myeloproliferative disorders), gene analysis, common variants in exon 9 is considered 
medically necessary in the initial diagnostic work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2-negative adults with 
clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia 
(ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF). 
 
MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative 
disorder), common variants (eg, W515A, W515K, W515L, W515R) is considered medically necessary in the 
initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or 
pathological findings suggesting thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis 
(PMF). 
 
MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative 
disorder), exon 10 sequence is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, 
JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting 
thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis (PMF). 
 
You can find this information in Medicare's Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Molecular Pathology 
Procedures (L35000). 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com.