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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules say that medically necessary services are those that are reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or 
treatment of an illness or injury. Medically necessary services include services to improve the functioning of a 
malformed body member. You can find this rule in the Social Security Act, Section 1862(a)(1)(A). 
 
The rules say that services that are not medically necessary are not covered. The rules also say that 
experimental and investigational devices are not covered. You can find this rule at 42 CFR Sections 411.15 and 
411.15(o). 
The rules say that effective for services performed on or after February 15, 2018, CMS has determined that the 
evidence is sufficient to conclude that the use of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs), (also referred 
to as defibrillators) is reasonable and necessary for: 
1. Patients with a personal history of sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia (VT) or cardiac arrest due to 
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF). Patients must have demonstrated:  
-An episode of sustained VT, either spontaneous or induced by an Electrophysiology (EP) study, 
not associated with an acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and not due to a transient or reversible 
cause; or 
-An episode of cardiac arrest due to VF, not due to a transient or reversible cause. 
2. Patients with a prior MI and a measured Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) less than or equal to 
0.30. Patients must not have: 
-New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification IV heart failure; or, 
-Had a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) 
with angioplasty and/or stenting, within the past three (3) months; or, -Had an MI within the past 40 days; or, 
-Clinical symptoms and findings that would make them a candidate for coronary 
revascularization. 
3. Patients who have severe, ischemic, dilated cardiomyopathy but no personal history of sustained VT or 
cardiac arrest due to VF, and have NYHA Class II or III heart failure, LVEF less than or equal to 35%. 
Additionally, patients must not have: 
-Had a CABG, or PCI with angioplasty and/or stenting, within the past three (3) months; or, 
-Had an MI within the past 40 days; or, 
-Clinical symptoms and findings that would make them a candidate for coronary 
revascularization. 
4. Patients who have severe, non-ischemic, dilated cardiomyopathy but no personal history of cardiac 
arrest or sustained VT, NYHA Class II or III heart failure, LVEF less than or equal to 35%, been on 
optimal medical therapy for at least three (3) months. Additionally, patients must not have: 
-Had a CABG or PCI with angioplasty and/or stenting, within the past three (3) months; or, 
-Had an MI within the past 40 days; or, 
-Clinical symptoms and findings that would make them a candidate for coronary 
revascularization. 
5. Patients with documented, familial or genetic disorders with a high risk of life-threatening 
tachyarrhythmias (sustained VT or VF, to include, but not limited to, long QT syndrome or 
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 
6. Patients with an existing ICD may receive an ICD replacement if it is required due to the end of battery 
life, Elective Replacement Indicator (ERI), or device/lead malfunction. 
For each of the six (6) covered indications above, the following additional criteria must also be met: 
1. Patients must be clinically stable (e.g., not in shock, from any etiology); 
2. LVEF must be measured by echocardiography, radionuclide (nuclear medicine) imaging, cardiac 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or catheter angiography; 
3. Patients must not have: 
-Significant, irreversible brain damage; or, 
-Any disease, other than cardiac disease (e.g., cancer, renal failure, liver failure) associated with 
a likelihood of survival less than one (1) year; or, 
-Supraventricular tachycardia such as atrial fibrillation with a poorly controlled ventricular rate. 
Exceptions to waiting periods for patients that have had a CABG, or PCI with angioplasty and/or stenting, 
within the past three (3) months, or had an MI within the past 40 days:  Cardiac Pacemakers: Patients who meet all Medicare coverage requirements for cardiac pacemakers, and who 
meet the criteria in this national coverage determination for an ICD, may receive the combined devices in one 
procedure, at the time the pacemaker is clinically indicated; 
Replacement of ICDs: Patients with an existing ICD may receive an ICD replacement if it is required due to the 
end of battery life, ERI, or device/lead malfunction. 
You can find this information in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service, Internet-Only Manual, 
Publication 100-03, National Coverage Determination (NCD): Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) 
(20.4). 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com. 
 
The Plan contract says that the Plan covers items and services in accordance with Medicare rules.