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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 

The rules state that Facet Joint Interventions generally consist of four types of procedures: Intraarticular (IA) 

Facet Joint Injections, Medial Branch Blocks (MBB), Radiofrequency Ablations (RFA) and Facet cyst 
rupture/aspiration. 
Facet Joint Interventions are considered medically reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of 
chronic pain in patients who meet ALL of the following criteria: 
1. Moderate to severe chronic neck or low back pain, predominantly axial, that causes functional deficit 
measured on pain or disability scale; AND* 
2. Pain that has been present for a minimum of 3 months with documented failure to respond to 
noninvasive conservative care management (as tolerated); AND 
3. Absence of untreated radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication (except for radiculopathy caused by 
facet joint synovial cyst); AND 
4. There is no non-facet pathology per clinical assessment or radiology studies that could explain the 
source of the patient's pain, including but not limited to fracture, tumor, infection, or significant 
deformity. 

*Pain assessment must be performed and documented at baseline, after each diagnostic procedure using the 
same pain scale for each assessment. A disability scale must also be obtained at baseline to be used for 
functional assessment (if patient qualifies for treatment). 

The following are limitations to facet joint interventions for pain management: 

1. Facet joint interventions done without CT or fluoroscopic guidance are considered not medically 
reasonable and necessary. This includes facet joint interventions done without any guidance, performed 
under ultrasound guidance,
4 or with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). 
2. General anesthesia is considered not medically reasonable and necessary for facet joint interventions. 
Neither conscious sedation nor Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) is routinely necessary for 
intraarticular facet joint injections or medial branch blocks and are not routinely considered medically 
reasonable and necessary. Individual consideration may be given on redetermination (appeal) for 
payment in rare, unique circumstances if the medical necessity of sedation is unequivocal and clearly 
documented in the medical record. Frequent reporting of these services together may trigger focused 
medical review. 3. It is not expected that patients will present with pain in both cervical/thoracic and lumbar spinal regions. 
Therefore, facet joint interventions (both diagnostic and therapeutic) are limited to one spinal region per 
session. 
4. It is not routinely necessary for multiple blocks (e.g., epidural injections, sympathetic blocks, trigger 
point injections, etc.) to be provided to a patient on the same day as facet joint procedures. Multiple 
blocks on the same day could lead to improper or lack of diagnosis. If performed, the medical necessity 
of each injection (at the same or a different level[s]) must be clearly documented in the medical record. 
For example, the performance of both paravertebral facet joint procedures and a transforaminal epidural 
steroid injection (TFESI) at the same or close spinal level at the same encounter would not be expected 
unless a synovial cyst is compressing the nerve root. In this situation, TFESI may provide relief for the 
radicular pain, while the facet cyst rupture allows nerve root decompression. Frequent reporting of 
multiple blocks on the same day may trigger a focused medical review. 
5. Facet joint intraarticular injections and medial branch blocks may involve the use of anesthetic, 
corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories and/or contrast agents and do not include injections of biologicals 
or other substances not FDA designated for this use. 
6. One to two levels, either unilateral or bilateral, are allowed per session per spine region. The need for a 
three or four-level procedure bilaterally may be considered under unique circumstances and with 
sufficient documentation of medical necessity on appeal. A session is a time period, which includes all 
procedures (i.e., MBB, IA, facet cyst ruptures, and RFA ablations) that are performed during the same 
day. 
7. If there is an extended period of time, two years or more, since the last RFA and/or there is a question 
as to the source of the recurrent pain then diagnostic procedures must be repeated. 
8. Therapeutic intraarticular facet injections are not considered medically reasonable and necessary unless 
there is documentation explaining why RFA cannot be performed. 
9. Facet joint procedures in patients for the indication of generalized pain conditions (such as 
fibromyalgia) or chronic centralized pain syndromes are considered not medically reasonable and 
necessary. Individual consideration may be considered under unique circumstances and with sufficient 
documentation of medical necessity on appeal. 
10. In patients with implanted electrical devices, providers must follow manufacturer instructions and extra 
planning as indicated to ensure safety of procedure. 

The following are considered not medically reasonable and necessary: 

1. Intraarticular and extraarticular facet joint prolotherapy  
2. Non-thermal modalities for facet joint denervation including chemical, low-grade thermal energy (less 
than 80 degrees Celsius), laser neurolysis, and cryoablation 
3. Intra-facet implants 
4. Facet joint procedure performed after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) 
5. Definitive clinical and/or imaging findings pointing to a specific diagnosis other than facet joint 
syndrome 
6. Diagnostic injections or MBB at the same level as the previously successful RFA procedure 
You can find this rule in the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Facet Joint Interventions for Pain 
Management, L33930. 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com. 
 
The Plan contract says that the Plan covers items and services in accordance with Medicare rules.