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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules state that Molecular pathology procedures (Tier 1 and Tier 2) may be eligible for coverage 
when ALL of the following criteria are met: 
1. Alternative laboratory or clinical tests to definitively diagnose the disorder/identify the condition are 
unavailable or results are clearly equivocal; AND 
2. Availability of a clinically valid test, based on published peer reviewed medical literature; AND  
3. Testing assay(s) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved/cleared or if LDT (lab developed test) 
or LDT protocol or FDA modified test(s) the laboratory documentation should support assay(s) analytical 
validity and clinical utility; AND  
4. Results of the testing must directly impact treatment or management of the beneficiary; AND  
5. For testing panels, including but not limited to, multiple genes or multiple conditions, and in cases where a 
tiered approach/method is clinically available, testing would be covered ONLY for the number of genes or 
test that are reasonable and necessary to establish a diagnosis; AND  
6. Individual has not previously received genetic testing for the disease/condition. (In general, diagnostic 
genetic testing for a disease should be performed once in a lifetime.) 
 
The following are considered not medically reasonable and necessary: 
1. Any procedures required prior to cell lysis (e.g., microdissection) should be reported separately and 
utilization must be clearly supported based on the application and clinical utility. Such claims may be 
subject to prepayment medical review.  
2. For testing for quality assurance please refer to NCCI Policy Manual for Medicare Services, Chapter 10, 
Pathology/Laboratory Services. 
3. Screening services such as pre-symptomatic genetic tests and services used to detect an undiagnosed 
disease or disease predisposition are not a benefit and are not covered. Similarly, the costs of 
tests/examinations that assess the risk of a condition unless the risk assessment clearly and directly effects 
the management of the patient may not be reimbursed. 
A specific genetic test may only be performed once in a lifetime per beneficiary for inherited conditions; 
however, when medically reasonable and necessary, genetic testing may be done on acquired conditions such 
as malignancies (including separate malignancies developing at different times) as they are treated and are being followed, in order to assess response or other relevant clinical criteria. Likewise, there are situations 
where medical record and literature documentation are able to demonstrate that serial testing can be reasonably 
predicted to provide additional clinically useful information. When the record documents that this information, 
such as confirmed significant response to current therapy, is likely to assist in modifying treatment, serial 
testing can be considered reasonable and necessary and eligible for coverage. 
 
You can find this rule in the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Molecular Pathology Procedures, 
L34519. 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com. 
 
The Plan contract says that the Plan covers items and services in accordance with Medicare rules.