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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules say that medically necessary services are those that are reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or 
treatment of an illness or injury. Medically necessary services include services to improve the functioning of a 
malformed body member. You can find this rule in the Social Security Act, Section 1862(a)(1)(A). 
 
The rules say that services that are not medically necessary are not covered. The rules also say that 
experimental and investigational devices are not covered. You can find this rule at 42 CFR Sections 411.15 and 
411.15(o). 
 
The rules say indications: 
 
Peripheral nerve blocks will be considered medically reasonable and necessary for normally temporary 
conditions such as the following diagnostic and therapeutic purposes: 
 
    When the patients pain appears to be due to a classic mononeuritis but the neuro-diagnostic studies have 
failed to provide a structural explanation, selective peripheral nerve blockade can usually clarify the situation 
but this is only for diagnostic purposes and not long term treatment. 
 
    When peripheral nerve injuries/entrapment or other extremity trauma leads to complex regional pain 
syndrome. 
 
    When selective peripheral nerve blockade is used diagnostically in those cases in which the clinical picture is 
unclear but this is only for diagnostic purposes and not long term treatment. 
 
    When an occipital nerve block is used to confirm the clinical impression of the presence of occipital 
neuralgia. Chronic headache/occipital neuralgia can result from chronic spasm of the neck muscles as the result 
of either myofascial syndrome or underlying cervical spinal disease. It may be unilateral or bilateral, constant 
or intermittent. Nerve injury secondary to localized head trauma or trauma to the nerve from a scalp laceration 
can also cause this condition. Most commonly it is caused by an entrapment of the occipital nerve in its course from its origin from the C2 nerve root to its entrance into the scalp through the mid portion of the superior 
nuchal line. Blockage of the occipital nerve can confirm the clinical impression of occipital neuralgia 
particularly if the clinical picture is not entirely typical. If only temporary relief of symptoms is obtained, 
neurolysis of the greater occipital nerve may be considered via multiple techniques including radiofrequency 
and cryoanalgesia. In addition, the lesser and third occipital nerves can be involved in the pathology of 
headaches, and can be treated in a similar manner. 
 
    When the suprascapular nerve block is used to confirm the diagnosis of suspected entrapment of the nerve. 
Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve as it passes through the suprascapular notch can produce a syndrome of 
pain within the shoulder with weakness of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. When the history and 
examination point to the diagnosis, a suprascapular nerve block leading to relief of pain can confirm it. This 
may be followed by injection of depository steroids that sometime provide lasting relief. 
 
    When the trigeminal nerve is blocked centrally at the trigeminal ganglion, or along one of the three divisions 
or at one of the many peripheral terminal branches (i.e., supraorbital nerve). 
 
    Nerve blocks as preemptive analgesia 
 
 A. When a single injection peripheral nerve block provides post-surgical pain control 
 
1. during the transition to oral analgesics 
2. in those procedures which cause severe pain normally uncontrolled by oral analgesics 
3. in cases otherwise requiring control with intravenous or parenteral narcotics. 
4. in cases where the patient cannot tolerate treatment with narcotics due to allergy or side effects, etc. 
 
 B. When a continuous peripheral nerve block provides the same as above, and furthermore may provide 
extended (i.e. one to five or more days) relief as a result of chronic administration of anesthetic. 
 
You can find this information in Medicare's Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Peripheral Nerve Blocks 
(L36850). 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com.