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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules say that Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is clinically indicated (i.e., medical necessity 
criteria will be met) when highly conformal dose planning is required. IMRT planning may be clinically 
indicated when one or more of the following conditions are present: 
 
    1. An immediately adjacent area has been previously irradiated and abutting portals must be established with 
high precision. 
    2. Dose escalation is planned to deliver radiation doses in excess of those commonly utilized for similar 
tumors with conventional treatment. 
    3. The target volume is concave or convex, and the critical normal tissues are within or around that 
convexity or concavity. 
    4. The target volume is in close proximity to critical structures that must be protected. 
    5. The volume of interest must be covered with narrow margins to adequately protect immediately adjacent 
structures. 
 
On the basis of the above conditions demonstrating medical necessity, disease sites that may support the use of 
IMRT include the following: 
 
    Primary, metastatic or benign tumors of the central nervous system including the brain, the brain stem, and 
spinal cord. 
    Primary or metastatic tumors of the spine where the spinal cord tolerance may be exceeded with 
conventional treatment or where the spinal cord has previously been irradiated. 
    Primary, metastatic, benign or recurrent head and neck malignancies, including: orbits, sinuses, skull base, 
aero-digestive tract, and salivary glands. 
    Thoracic malignancies. 
    Abdominal malignancies when dose constraints to small bowel or other normal abdominal tissue are 
exceeded and present administration of a therapeutic dose. 
    Pelvic malignancies including: prostatic, gynecological and anal carcinoma. 
    Other pelvic or retroperitoneal malignancies. 
 
Other malignancies not delineated in the above can be supported with submission of documentation for medical 
necessity should a denial occur. The determination of appropriateness and medical necessity for IMRT for any 
site shall be found in the documentation from the radiation oncologist and must be available when requested or 
submitted in the appeals process. 
 
Limitations 
 
   1. IMRT is not considered reasonable and necessary when at least one of the criteria listed above and one of 
the applicable ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are not present. Refer to Billing and Coding: Intensity Modulated 
Radiation Therapy (IMRT), A56725, for applicable CPT/HCPCS codes and diagnosis codes. 
    2. ASTRO IMRT Model Policy outlines clinical scenarios that would not typically support the use of IMRT. 
These include: 
        Where IMRT does not offer an advantage over conventional or three-dimensional conformal radiation 
therapy techniques that deliver good clinical outcomes and low toxicity. 
        Clinical urgency, such as spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome or airway obstruction. 
        Palliative treatment of metastatic disease where the prescribed dose does not approach normal tissue 
 
 
tolerances. 
        Inability to accommodate for organ motion, such as for a mobile lung tumor. 
        Inability of the patient to cooperate and tolerate immobilization to permit accurate and reproducible dose 
delivery. 
 
There must be documented rationale of the advantage of IMRT versus the use of other radiation therapy 
methods in the medical record of each patient for whom IMRT is provided. 
 
This policy outlines documentation requirements which if not met may lead to denials. These requirements are 
noted in the Documentation Requirements section below. 
 
During an episode of care of IMRT, additional ancillary services will be used. However, this LCD will only 
address services directly described for IMRT. The ancillary services (for example: basic dosimetry, physician 
clinical treatment planning, block check simulation, weekly treatment management and others) which may be 
used in other modalities will be needed in the overall episode of IMRT care. Some IMRT procedures/services 
have included services and the provider should be mindful of the included services and timing of the services. 
Please refer to the "Documentation Requirements" section below. 
 
You can find this information in Medicare's Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Intensity Modulated 
Radiation Therapy (IMRT) (L36711). 
 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com.