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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. 
You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101. 
 
The rules say that covered and non-covered indications for botox include: 
1. Before consideration of coverage may be made, it should be established that the patient has been 
unresponsive to conventional methods of treatments such as medication, physical therapy and other appropriate 
methods used to control and/or treat spastic conditions. An exception to this general rule is that for certain 
treatments including focal dystonia, hemifacial spasm, orofacial dyskinesia, blepharospasm, severe writer's 
cramp, laryngeal spasm, or dysphonia, Botulinum toxin can be an initial mode of therapy, and in these 
circumstances it is not necessary to show that other methods of treatment have been tried and proven 
unsuccessful.  
 
2. Coverage of Botulinum toxin for certain spastic conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, stroke, head trauma, spinal 
cord injuries and multiple sclerosis) will be limited to those conditions listed in the Covered ICD-10-CM 
section of the Billing and Coding article (A57186). This group of codes shall be used only when accompanied 
by spasticity of central nervous system origin. Recently, there has been approval by the FDA for use in upper 
limb spasticity. All other uses in the treatment of other types of spasm, including smooth muscle types, will be 
considered as investigational (not proven effective) and, therefore, noncovered by Medicare. Claims submitted 
for tension headaches, myofascial pain, irritable colon, biliary dyskinesia, other forms of smooth muscle spasm 
not specifically addressed in the policy, and any other spastic conditions not listed in the ICD-10 CM Codes 
That Support Medical Necessity section of the Billing and Coding article (A57186) will be considered 
investigational, not safe and effective, or not accepted as the standard of practice within the medical 
community and, therefore, not medically reasonable and necessary. 
 
3. Botulinum toxin can be used to reduce spasticity or excessive muscular contractions to relieve pain, to assist 
in posturing and walking, to allow better range of motion, to permit better physical therapy, and to reduce 
severe spasm in order to provide adequate perineal and palmar hygiene.  
 
4. Botulinum toxin has indications for overactive bladder and severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis,  
 
5. Due to the rarity of severe organic writer's cramp, Medicare would not expect to see the treatment of this 
condition billed frequently. 
 
6. There may be patients who require Electromyography (EMG) in order to determine the proper injection 
site(s). The electromyography procedure codes specified in the HCPCS section of this policy may be covered if 
the physician has difficulty in determining the proper injection site(s). 
 
It should be noted that needle electromyographic procedures include the interpretation of electrical waveforms 
measured by equipment that produces both visible and audible components of electrical signals recorded from 
the muscle(s) studied by the needle electrode. Electromyography equipment must be capable of showing both 
visual and auditory components of the electrical activity produced by and recorded from within muscle tissue 
by the needle electrode for myopathy or neuropathy diagnosis. For purposes of botulinum injection guidance, 
the EMG tools that have audible output alone are sufficient. 
 
7. For the appropriate initial and total doses of Botulinum toxins please consult the FDA, manufacturers' 
recommendations or the AHFS.  
 
8. Coverage of treatments provided may be continued unless any two treatments in a row, utilizing an 
appropriate or maximum dose of a Botulinum toxin, fail to produce a satisfactory clinical response. In such 
situations it may be appropriate to use an alternative Botulinum toxin once in order to determine if a more 
satisfactory response can be obtained. Providers must also document the results of and response to these 
injections.  
 
9. Requests may be considered for redetermination (formerly appeal) for continued treatment during a 
treatment period or for resumption at a later date if satisfactory results have not been obtained and compelling 
clinical evidence of medical necessity for continued treatment is presented. 
 
10. Medicare will allow payment for one injection per site regardless of the number of injections made into the 
site. A site is defined as including muscles of a single contiguous body part, such as a single limb, single 
eyelid, side of the face, side of the neck, both vocal cords, etc. 
 
11. For treatment of achalasia and cardiospasm, Botulinum toxin should be used only after one or more of these 
conditions have been met and documented: 
 The patient has failed conventional therapy. 
 The patient is at high risk of complications from pneumatic dilation or surgical myotomy. 
 The patient who refuses surgical myotomy or balloon dilation, in preference to a less invasive risky 
procedure. 
 A prior myotomy or dilatation has failed. 
 A prior dilatation caused an esophageal perforation. 
 The patient has an epiphrenic diverticulum or hiatal hernia, both of which increase the risk of dilatation-
induced perforation. 
12. Botulinum Toxin is covered for prophylaxis of headaches in adult patients with chronic migraine (&#8805;15 days 
per month with headache lasting 4 hours a day or longer). It is also covered for the treatment of overactive 
bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency, in adults who have an inadequate 
response to or are intolerant of an anticholinergic medication. 
 
13. Treatment of skin wrinkles ICD-10 CM code using Botulinum toxin is cosmetic and is not covered by 
Medicare.  
 
14. Acceptance of Botulinum Toxin has not been established for the following conditions (USP DI 2006): 
 Deviations over 50 prism diopters 
 Restrictive strabismus 
 Chronic paralytic strabismus except to reduce antagonist contracture in conjunction with surgical repair 
 Duane's syndrome with lateral rectus muscle weakness 
 Recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder 
15. Anal spasm, irritable colon, biliary dyskinesia, or any treatment of spastic conditions not listed as covered 
in this policy are considered to be cosmetic, investigational, or not safe and effective. 
 
16. The use of Botulinum toxin to treat muscle tension is considered not proven effective.  
 
17. Due to the short life of Botulinum toxin, Medicare will reimburse the unused portion of these drugs only 
when vials are not split between patients. Use modifier JW to code for drug wastage on a separate line of the 
claim form. The documentation must show in the patient's medical record the exact dosage of the drug given, 
exact amount and reason for unavoidable wastage, and the exact amount of the discarded portion of the drug. 
 
18. Scheduling of more than one patient is encouraged to prevent wastage of Botulinum toxins. If a vial is split 
between two patients, the billing in these instances must be for the exact amount of Botulinum toxin used on 
each individual patient. Medicare would not expect to see billing for the full fee amount for Botulinum toxin on 
each beneficiary when the vial is split between two or more patients. 
 
You can find this rule in the Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Botulinum Toxin Types A and B (L35172) 
effective October 1, 2019. 
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com. 
 
The Plan contract says that the Plan covers items and services in accordance with Medicare rules.