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The rules say that plans must pay for a medical service or item if regular Medicare would pay for it in this case. You can find this rule at 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 422.101.
The rules say that if one laboratory procedure evaluates multiple genes using a next generation sequencing procedure, the laboratory shall report only one unit of service of one genomic sequencing procedure, molecular multianalyte assay, multianalyte assay with algorithmic analysis, or proprietary laboratory analysis CPT code. If no CPT code accurately describes the procedure performed, the laboratory may report CPT code 81479 (Unlisted molecular pathology procedure) with one unit of service or may report multiple individual CPT codes describing the component test results when medically reasonable and necessary. Procedures reported together must be both medically reasonable and necessary (e.g., sequencing of procedures) and ordered by the physician who is treating the beneficiary and using the results in the management of the beneficiary's specific medical problem. You can find this in the NCCI Manual, Chapter 10; Pathology/Laboratory Services: Section F. Molecular Pathology. The rules say that Multiple Distinct Procedural Services Example: A clinician requests that genes associated with early onset colorectal cancer be analyzed in a patient. The clinician orders stepwise reflex testing where a negative or positive result in 1 gene determines whether additional analysis on other genes will be performed or what that will be. Each gene assayed represents 1 procedural service, so if more than 1 gene is analyzed, then multiple procedural services may be billed in some patients for whom reflex testing goes beyond the first gene. Each gene billed to Medicare must be individually reasonable and necessary. A clinician's order is not by itself sufficient to indicate that a test was reasonable and necessary. The record must reflect that the test is used in the management of the beneficiary's specific medical problem in accordance with CFR Section 410.32. Labs must register a test with the Diagnostics Exchange as it reflected on the order form and is run in the laboratory. If a gene / variant is tested as part of a panel, then the lab must register the panel and must submit the correct z-code and CPT code for the panel. If a lab has a panel but sometimes also analyzes individual genes from the panel, the lab must register both the panel and the individual genes that are analyzed. In general, 2 or more codes describing a genetic test billed on the same beneficiary on the same date may constitute a panel, and if so, the service must be billed as a single procedural service. We would generally expect that a provider or supplier would not bill for more than 1 distinct laboratory genetic testing procedural services on a single beneficiary on a single date of service.
If providers or suppliers do bill for more than 1 distinct laboratory genetic testing procedural services on a single beneficiary on a single date of service, the provider or supplier must attest that each additional service billed is a distinct procedural service using the 59 modifier. You can find this information in Medicare's Local Coverage Article Billing and Coding: Billing and Coding: MolDX: Testing of Multiple Genes (A57880).
If you want to read these Medicare rules, you can go to this website www.medicareappeal.com.