English:
[0001] The subject matter described herein relates to interworking between 5G and 4G.
[0002] As the cellular system including the 5G network supports an increasing number of devices and services including applications with a wide range of use cases and diverse needs with respect to bandwidth, latency, and reliability requirements, the cellular system may need to prioritize resources across the wireless access network and the core network (and/or for example, prioritizing across the control plane and the user plane) to support differentiation among different service data flows (SDFs). Moreover, the associated quality of service (QoS) requirements may need to be dynamic.
[0003] In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving, at a user equipment while being served by a first system and during protocol data unit session establishment or modification procedure, a message including a default quality of service rule, the default quality of service rule including an access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value; and when there is an inter-system change from the first system to the second system, setting, at the user equipment, the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value of a session management context for the second system to the received access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value received while being served by the first system.
[0004] In some variations, one or more of the features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The first system may include a fifth generation core network, the second system may include a fourth generation evolved packet system, the inter- system change includes a change from an Nl interface to an Sl interface, and the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value, maintains session continuity during the inter-system change. The message including the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value may be received from a node in the first system. The node may include a packet data network gateway-control plane function, a session management function, and/or a packet data network gateway-control plane function co-located with the session management function. The user equipment may store the received default quality of service rule including the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value session context management associated with the first system.
[0005] In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes determining, by a network node of a network, a default quality of service rule including an access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value associated with another network; and sending, by the network node, a message including the default quality of service rule to a user equipment during protocol data unit session establishment or modification procedure, the default quality of service rule including the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value for the other network.
[0006] In some variations, one or more of the features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The network may include a fifth generation core network, and the other network may include a fourth generation evolved packet system. The network node may include a packet data network gateway-control plane function, a session management function, and/or a packet data network gateway-control plane function co-located with the session management function. The default quality of service rule including an access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value associated with the other network may be determined based on quality of service parameters for the first network and/or a session aggregate maximum bit rate.
[0007] The above-noted aspects and features may be implemented in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. The details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
[0008] In the drawings,
[0009] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a portion of a 4G system interworking with a 5G system, in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0010] FIG. 2 depicts an example of a process for 5G to 4G interworking, in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0011] FIG. 3 depicts another example of a process for 5G to 4G interworking, in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0012] FIG. 4 depicts an example of a network node, in accordance with some example embodiments; and
[0013] FIG. 5 depicts an example of an apparatus, in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0015] For UE mobility from the Evolved Packet System (EPS) to the 5G system (5GS), the 4G EPS may provide the UE with one or more parameters related to a 5GS-specific protocol data unit (PDU) session including session aggregate maximum bit rate (AMBR), in accordance with 3GPP TS 23.502. For example, when the UE is served by the evolved packet core (EPC) during packet data network (PDN) connection establishment, the UE may allocate a protocol data unit (PDU) session ID, and the UE may send, via protocol configuration options (PCO) message, the PDU session ID to a PDN gateway-control plane function co-located with a session management function (SMF+PGW-C). Moreover, the SMF+PGW-C may allocate other 5G QoS parameters related to the PDN connection, such as the session AMBR, QoS rules, and/or the like. Furthermore, the SMF+PGW-C may send, via the PCO message, these and other parameters to the UE.
[0016] The session AMBR may be used by the UE in accordance with 3GPP TS 24.501, for example. Upon inter-system change from the 4G Sl interface mode at the UE to 5G Nl interface mode at the UE, the UE may set the session- AMBR of the PDU session context to the session- AMBR, which is included, by the network, in the protocol configuration options information element (IE) or in the extended protocol configuration options information element (e.g., in the ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER REQUEST message). With this approach, the UE may properly set the session AMBR of a PDU session during 4G EPS to 5GS mobility. Conversely, there is a need to set the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate (APN-AMBR) of a PDN connection, when a UE moves from the 5GS to the 4G EPS.
[0017] In some example embodiments, a PDU session establishment (or modification) procedure may trigger the SMF+PGW-C to provide to the UE at least one access point name aggregate maximum bit rate (APN-AMBR) parameter. Moreover, the SMF+PGW-C may send to the visiting session management function (V-SMF) the APN-AMBR, in accordance with some example embodiments. The UE, during mobility from the 5GS to the 4G EPS, may use the previously provided APN-AMBR to configure the APN-AMBR of the PDN'connection in the EPS.
[0018] To illustrate further, the access point name (APN) refers to the name of a gateway node between a public land mobile network and a packet data network, such as the Internet. When a UE accesses the corresponding APN for example, that APN access is associated with an APN-AMBR. In 4G, the APN-AMBR may limit the aggregate bit rate across bearers, sessions, and/or PDN connections at that APN. In a 4G downlink for example, the packet gateway (P-GW) may enforce the APN-AMBR, while in the 4G uplink, the UE and/or P- GW may enforce the APN-AMBR.
[0019] FIG. 1 depicts an example system 100 for an interworking function (IWF) between 5G and 4G, in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0020] The system 100 may include a user equipment (UE) 150A-B, a 4G radio access network, such as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 152, a mobility management entity (MME) 154, a serving gateway (SGW) 156, a 5G radio access network (labeled next generation radio access network, NG-RAN) 160, and an access management function (AMF) 162.
[0021] The system 100 may also include a first node 170 including a home subscriber server co-located with unified data management function (HSS+UDM), a second node 172 including a policy control function co-located with a policy and charging rules function (PCF+PCRF), a third node 174 including a session management function co-located with a packet data network gateway-control plane function (SMF-PGW-C), and a fourth node 178 including a user plane function co-located with a packet data network gateway-user plane function (UPF-PGW-U). FIG. 1 also depicts service interfaces, such as the Sl-MME, Sl 1, N26, Nl, N2, and/or the like.
[0022] The architecture including nodes (150-178) and the service interfaces may be defined in accordance with a standard, such as 3GPP TS 23.501, TS 23-502, and/or other standards, although proprietary interfaces may be used as well. Moreover, although FIG. 1 depicts a non-roaming architecture, a home routed roaming architecture, and/or a roaming architecture including a home public land mobile network and a visiting public land mobile network may be used.
[0023] After a PDU session establishment (or modification) request is initiated, the SMF-PGW-C 176 may provide to the UE 150A a 4G parameter, such as the APN-AMBR parameter. This enables interworking between 5GS and 4G as the UE now has the APN-AMBR needed to control the aggregate maximum bit rate to the access point identified by the APN after mobility from the 5G system to the 4G system.
[0024] FIG. 2 depicts an example of a process 200 for 5G to 4G interworking mobility, in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0025] At 202, the UE 150A may receive, while coupled to the 5G radio access network 160, the 4G session parameter, such as an APN AMBR, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, the UE may receive a first message including a default quality of service rule having the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value from a network, such as the 5G network, during protocol data unit session establishment or modification procedure. To illustrate further, after a session establishment request such as a PDU session request message being sent from the UE to the AMF 162, this may trigger the SMF-PGW-C 176 (which may be selected by the AMF as part of SMF selection in accordance with 3GPP TS 23.502) to send to the UE 150A the APN AMBR. This APN AMBR may be carried, via the Al, by an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response message to the AMF, which may forward, via the N 1 interface, the APN AMBR as well as other QoS and related information to the UE 150A. Alternatively or additionally, a network or UE requested session modification request may also trigger the SMF-PGW-C 176 to send to the UE the APN AMBR. The session establishment, or modification, requests may be during a roaming mode, a non-roaming mode, or a home-routed roaming mode.
[0026] At 204, the UE 150A may store the received APN AMBR with other QoS information and session information. The UE 150A may store the association between a QoS flow, corresponding to an EPS bearer ID (EBI), and the EPS QoS parameters and the APN- AMBR mappings.
[0027] When the UE 150A moves from the 5G radio access node 160 to the 4G radio access node 152 as shown at 150B, this may trigger, as part of interworking between 5G and 4G, the UE 150B to set, at 206, the APN AMBR of a packet data network (PDN) connection from the UE to the corresponding PDN. For example, the UE may set the APN AMBR of the default EPS bearer context using the APN-AMBR received (at 202 while coupled to the 5G core) in the parameters of the default QoS rule in the PDU session context. In this way, the session context is converted to maintain session continuity, during handover, for a service, session, or network slice (e.g. for an application at the UE). And when set, the UE may police the 4G connection based on the APN AMBR setting.
[0028] When the UE 150A is served by the 5GS including the NG-RAN 160 during PDU session establishment (or PDU session modification and/or guaranteed bit rate (GBR) QoS flow establishment), the SMF+PGW-C 176 may perform EPS QoS and APN-AMBR mappings. The mappings may be based on the 5G QoS parameters and a session AMBR obtained from the PCF+PCRF 172, EPS QoS and APN-AMBR mappings. The SMF+PGW-C 176 may also allocate traffic flow templates (TFT) with the PCC rules (if deployed) obtained from the PCF+PCRF 172; otherwise, the EPS QoS and APN-AMBR mappings and TFT allocation may be executed by the SMF+PGW-C locally. The SMF+PGW may ignore the 5G QoS parameters that are not applicable to the 4G EPC, such as QoS Notification control.
[0029] For each PDU Session, the SMF+PGW-C may allocate EPS bearer IDs (EBIs) to the default EPS bearer (which non GBR flows are mapped to) and dedicated bearers (which the GBR Flows are mapped to in EPC). The UE may also receive the mapped QoS parameters and the APN-AMBR. The UE and the SMF+PGW-C may store the association between the QoS flow and the corresponding EBI and the EPS QoS parameters including the APN-AMBR mappings.
[0030] When the SMF+PGW-C 176 (which invokes an Namf Communi cation EBIAssignment Request) receives any EBI(s) from the AMF, the SMF+PGW-C may include the received EBI(s) into the mapped EPS QoS parameters and APN-AMBR (in case the EPS bearer is a default EPS bearer) to be sent to the UE in the Nl SM container. The SMF+PGW-C may also include (in an N2 session management container for the 5G RAN 160) the mapping between the received EBI(s) and QFI(s).
[0031] In the case of home routed roaming, the SMF+PGW-C 176 may generate an EPS bearer context which includes PGW-C control plane tunnel information and APN-AMBR of the PDN connection corresponding to the PDU session (in case of PDU session establishment procedure), the EBI for each EPS bearer, the PGW-U tunnel information for each EPS bearer, and the EPS QoS parameters for each EPS bearer. The SMF+PGW-C may then send the generated information to a visiting SMF. This generated information may be carried by an Nsmf PDU Session Create Response (e.g., for PDU Session Establishment) or by an Nsmf PDUSession Update Request (e.g., for PDU Session Modification). The visiting SMF may store the EPS bearer context.
[0032] In some example embodiments, the PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND and the PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT messages may include a QoS rule (or a default QoS rule), which may include the APN-AMBR as well as the EPS bearer identity, the mapped EPS QoS parameters, the mapped extended EPS QoS parameters, and the mapped traffic flow template (if the QoS flow can be mapped to an EPS bearer). The APN- AMBR (as well as the other mapped parameters) may be stored as part of the PDU session context in the UE, so it can be mapped to another context, session, slice, and/or the like.
[0033] Moreover, when there is an intersystem change from N 1 mode to S 1 mode, the UE may create the default EPS bearer context from the QoS flow of the default QoS rule of a PDU session context, for which interworking to EPS is supported. The UE may use the APN- AMBR of the PDU session context to set the APN-AMBR of the corresponding default EPS bearer context. If there are more than one APN-AMBR received from the network for the same data network name (which will be mapped to a single APN), the UE may use the most recent APN-AMBR.
[0034] In case of the home-routed roaming scenario, the PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND and the PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT messages may not be sent directly by the SMF+PGW-C to the UE. When this is the case, the “201 Created” of the Nsmf PDUSession Create service and the PATCH request of Nsmf_PDUSession_Update service may include the APN-AMBR.
[0035] FIG. 3 depicts an example process at a network node, in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0036] At 304, the SMF+PGW-C 176 may determine 4G QoS information and APN- AMBR parameter, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, the SMF+PGW-C may perform, based on the 5G QoS parameters and a session AMBR obtained from the PCF+PCRF 172 as well as EPS QoS information and APN-AMBR mappings.
[0037] At 306, the SMF+PGW-C 176 may send the APN AMBR to the UE 150A, in accordance with some example embodiments. While the UE is coupled to the 5G radio access network 160, the SMF+PGW-C 176 may send the APN AMBR. As noted, after a session establishment (or modification) request, this may trigger the SMF-PGW-C 176 (which may be selected by the AMF as part of SMF selection in accordance with 3GPP TS 23.502) to send to the UE 150 A the APN AMBR. As noted, the APN AMBR may be carried, via the Nl 1, by an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response message to the AMF, which may forward, via the Nl interface, the APN AMBR as well as other QoS and related information to the UE 150A. Alternatively or additionally, a network or UE requested session modification request may also trigger the SMF-PGW-C 176 to send to the UE the APN AMBR. The session establishment, or modification, requests may be during a roaming mode, a non-roaming mode, or a home-routed roaming mode.
[0038] At 308, the SMF+PGW-C 176 may delete the EPS QoS information and the APN AMBR associated with a deleted QoS flow, in accordance with some example embodiments. When a QoS flow is deleted (e.g., due to PDU Session status synchronization or PDU session modification), the UE and/or the SMF+PGW-C may delete any existing EPS QoS parameters including the APN-AMBR associated with the deleted QoS Flow. In some example embodiments, the SMF+PGW-C 172 may receive, from the AMF 162, an indication that an EBI has been revoked. If for example the AMF is requested to assign an EPS bearer identity (EBI) for QoS flow(s) for high priority service but the AMF has no available EBIs, the AMF may revoke an EBI that was assigned to one or more QoS flow. The revocation may be based on the at least one allocation and retention priority (ARP), single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI), EBIs information (in the UE context), and local policies. If an assigned EBI is to be revoked, the AMF may send a message, such as an Nsmf_PDUSession_Update SM Context including the EBIs to be revoked. This message may be sent to request the related SMF (e.g., the SMF+PGW-C) to release the mapped EPS QoS parameters and APN-AMBR (in case the EPS bearer is a default EPS bearer) corresponding to the EBI to be revoked. The AMF may store the association of the assigned EBI-ARP pair to the corresponding PDU Session ID and SMF address. In response, the related SMF, such as the SMF+PGW-C acting as the SMF serving the released resources, may send to the AMF (and via the N2 interface) a Nsmf_Communication_NlN2Message Transfer including the session management information along with a PDU session ID and the EBI(s) to be revoked. This information may be carried in an N2 and/or Nl session management (SM) container to be revoked. This message may inform the access network and ultimately the UE to remove the mapped EPS QoS parameters and APN- AMBR (in case the EPS bearer is a default EPS bearer) corresponding to the EBI(s) to be revoked. To inform the UE, the Nsmf_Communication_NlN2Message may include an Nl SM container including the mapped EPS QoS parameters and APN-AMBR to be removed.
[0039] FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a network node 400, in accordance with some example embodiments. The network node 900 may be configured to provide a network node, such as the AMF 162, SMF+PGW-C 176, and/or other nodes such as those depicted at FIG. 1.
[0040] The network node 400 may include a network interface 402, a processor 420, a memory 404, and an interworking function 450 configured to provide one or more operations disclosed herein with respect to a network node (e.g., process 300 and/or the like). The network interface 402 may include wired and/or wireless transceivers to enable access other nodes, the Internet, and/or other nodes. The memory 904 may comprise volatile and/or non-volatile memory including program code, which when executed by at least one processor 420 provides, among other things, the processes disclosed herein including process 300 and/or the like. For example, the network node may be configured to at least determine a default quality of service rule including an access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value associated with another network and send a message including the default quality of service rule to a user equipment during protocol data unit session establishment or modification procedure, the default quality of service rule including the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value for the other network.
[0041] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus 10, in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0042] The apparatus 10 may represent a user equipment, such as the user equipment
[0043] The apparatus 10 may include at least one antenna 12 in communication with a transmitter 14 and a receiver 16. Alternatively transmit and receive antennas may be separate. The apparatus 10 may also include a processor 20 configured to provide signals to and receive signals from the transmitter and receiver, respectively, and to control the functioning of the apparatus. Processor 20 may be configured to control the functioning of the transmitter and receiver by effecting control signaling via electrical leads to the transmitter and receiver. Likewise, processor 20 may be configured to control other elements of apparatus 10 by effecting control signaling via electrical leads connecting processor 20 to the other elements, such as a display or a memory. The processor 20 may, for example, be embodied in a variety of ways including circuitry, at least one processing core, one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits (for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or the like), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in FIG. 5 as a single processor, in some example embodiments the processor 20 may comprise a plurality of processors or processing cores.
[0044] The apparatus 10 may be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, and/or the like. Signals sent and received by the processor 20 may include signaling information in accordance with an air interface standard of an applicable cellular system, and/or any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, comprising but not limited to Wi-Fi, wireless local access network (WLAN) techniques, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, 802.16, 802.3, ADSL, DOCSIS, and/or the like. In addition, these signals may include speech data, user generated data, user requested data, and/or the like.
[0045] For example, the apparatus 10 and/or a cellular modem therein may be capable of operating in accordance with various first generation (1G) communication protocols, second generation (2G or 2.5G) communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) communication protocols (for example, session initiation protocol (SIP) and/or the like. For example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2G wireless communication protocols IS- 136, Time Division Multiple Access TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications, GSM, IS-95, Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, and/or the like. In addition, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2.5G wireless communication protocols General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and/or the like. Further, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 3G wireless communication protocols, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may be additionally capable of operating in accordance with 3.9G wireless communication protocols, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and/or the like. Additionally, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 4G wireless communication protocols, such as LTE Advanced, 5G, and/or the like as well as similar wireless communication protocols that may be subsequently developed.
[0046] It is understood that the processor 20 may include circuitry for implementing audio/video and logic functions of apparatus 10. For example, the processor 20 may comprise a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital- to-analog converter, and/or the like. Control and signal processing functions of the apparatus 10 may be allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities. The processor 20 may additionally comprise an internal voice coder (VC) 20a, an internal data modem (DM) 20b, and/or the like. Further, the processor 20 may include functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory. In general, processor 20 and stored software instructions may be configured to cause apparatus 10 to perform actions. For example, processor 20 may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser. The connectivity program may allow the apparatus 10 to transmit and receive web content, such as location-based content, according to a protocol, such as wireless application protocol, WAP, hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP, and/or the like.
[0047] Apparatus 10 may also comprise a user interface including, for example, an earphone or speaker 24, a ringer 22, a microphone 26, a display 28, a user input interface, and/or the like, which may be operationally coupled to the processor 20. The display 28 may, as noted above, include a touch sensitive display, where a user may touch and/or gesture to make selections, enter values, and/or the like. The processor 20 may also include user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface, such as the speaker 24, the ringer 22, the microphone 26, the display 28, and/or the like. The processor 20 and/or user interface circuitry comprising the processor 20 may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions, for example, software and/or firmware, stored on a memory accessible to the processor 20, for example, volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42, and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may include a battery for powering various circuits related to the mobile terminal, for example, a circuit to provide mechanical vibration as a detectable output. The user input interface may comprise devices allowing the apparatus 20 to receive data, such as a keypad 30 (which can be a virtual keyboard presented on display 28 or an externally coupled keyboard) and/or other input devices.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 5, apparatus 10 may also include one or more mechanisms for sharing and/or obtaining data. For example, the apparatus 10 may include a short-range radio frequency (RF) transceiver and/or interrogator 64, so data may be shared with and/or obtained from electronic devices in accordance with RF techniques. The apparatus 10 may include other short-range transceivers, such as an infrared (IR) transceiver 66, a BluetoothTM (BT) transceiver 68 operating using BluetoothTM wireless technology, a wireless universal serial bus (USB) transceiver 70, a BluetoothTM Low Energy transceiver, a ZigBee transceiver, an ANT transceiver, a cellular device-to-device transceiver, a wireless local area link transceiver, and/or any other short-range radio technology. Apparatus 10 and, in particular, the short-range transceiver may be capable of transmitting data to and/or receiving data from electronic devices within the proximity of the apparatus, such as within 10 meters, for example. The apparatus 10 including the Wi-Fi or wireless local area networking modem may also be capable of transmitting and/or receiving data from electronic devices according to various wireless networking techniques, including 6LoWpan, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi low power, WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.11 techniques, IEEE 802.15 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like.
[0049] The apparatus 10 may comprise memory, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM) 38, a removable user identity module (R-UIM), an eUICC, an UICC, and/or the like, which may store information elements related to a mobile subscriber. In addition to the SIM, the apparatus 10 may include other removable and/or fixed memory. The apparatus 10 may include volatile memory 40 and/or non-volatile memory 42. For example, volatile memory 40 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like. Non-volatile memory 42, which may be embedded and/or removable, may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices, for example, hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, optical disc drives and/or media, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), and/or the like. Like volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42 may include a cache area for temporary storage of data. At least part of the volatile and/or non-volatile memory may be embedded in processor 20. The memories may store one or more software programs, instructions, pieces of information, data, and/or the like which may be used by the apparatus for performing operations disclosed herein including receiving, at a user equipment, a first message including a default quality of service rule from a network during protocol data unit session establishment or modification procedure, the default quality of service rule including an access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value; and when there is an inter-system handover from the network to another network, sending, by the user equipment, a second message including the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value, the second message being sent to the other network during a procedure to activate, at the other network, a default bearer context using at least the access point name aggregate maximum bit rate value.
[0051] Some of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in software, hardware, application logic, or a combination of software, hardware, and application logic. The software, application logic, and/or hardware may reside on memory 40, the control apparatus 20, or electronic components, for example. In some example embodiment, the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer- readable media. In the context of this document, a“computer-readable medium” may be any non-transitory media that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer or data processor circuitry, with examples depicted at FIG. 5, computer-readable medium may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that may be any media that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer.
[0052] Without in any way limiting the scope, interpretation, or application of the claims appearing below, a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein may be enhanced interworking between 5G and 4G.
[0053] The subject matter described herein may be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. For example, the base stations and user equipment (or one or more components therein) and/or the processes described herein can be implemented using one or more of the following: a processor executing program code, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), an embedded processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. These computer programs (also known as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, program code, or code) include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object- oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the term “computer-readable medium” refers to any computer program product, machine-readable medium, computer-readable storage medium, apparatus and/or device (for example, magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions. Similarly, systems are also described herein that may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may include one or more programs that cause the processor to perform one or more of the operations described herein.
[0054] Although a few variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. Moreover, the implementations described above may be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. Other embodiments may be within the scope of the following claims.
[0055] If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed in a different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional or may be combined. Although various aspects of some of the embodiments are set out in the independent claims, other aspects of some of the embodiments comprise other combinations of features from the described embodiments and/or the dependent claims with the features of the independent claims, and not solely the combinations explicitly set out in the claims. It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments, these descriptions should not be viewed in a limiting sense.

中文:
[0001]本文所描述的主题涉及5G与4G之间的互通。
[0002]由于包括5G网络的蜂窝系统支持越来越多的装置和服务,包括具有广泛范围的用例以及关于带宽、时延和可靠性要求的多种多样的需要的应用,因此蜂窝系统可能需要优先考虑无线接入网和核心网上的资源(和/或例如,在控制平面和用户平面上优先考虑)以支持不同服务数据流(SDF)之间的差异。此外,相关联的服务质量(QoS)要求可能需要是动态的。
[0003]在一些示例实施方案中,可提供一种方法,所述方法包括:在用户设备处,在由第一系统服务时且在协议数据单元会话建立或修改过程期间,接收包括默认服务质量规则的消息,所述默认服务质量规则包括接入点名称聚合最大比特率值;以及当存在从所述第一系统到第二系统的系统间变换时,在所述用户设备处将所述第二系统的会话管理上下文的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值设置为在由所述第一系统服务时接收到的所接收到的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值。
[0004]在一些变化中,可任选地以任何可行的组合包括本文所公开的特征中的包括以下特征的一个或多个。所述第一系统可包括第五代核心网,所述第二系统可包括第四代演进分组系统,所述系统间变换包括从N1接口变换到S1接口,并且所述接入点名称聚合最大比特率值在所述系统间变换期间维持会话连续性。可从所述第一系统中的节点接收包括所述接入点名称聚合最大比特率值的所述消息。所述节点可包括分组数据网络网关控制平面功能、会话管理功能和/或与所述会话管理功能共址的分组数据网络网关控制平面功能。所述用户设备可存储所述接收到的默认服务质量规则,所述接收到的默认服务质量规则包括与所述第一系统相关联的会话上下文管理的所述接入点名称聚合最大比特率值。
[0005]在一些示例实施方案中,可提供一种方法,所述方法包括:由网络的网络节点确定默认服务质量规则,所述默认服务质量规则包括与另一网络相关联的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值;以及由所述网络节点在协议数据单元会话建立或修改过程期间将包括所述默认服务质量规则的消息发送到用户设备,所述默认服务质量规则包括所述另一网络的所述接入点名称聚合最大比特率值。
[0006]在一些变化中,可任选地以任何可行的组合包括本文所公开的特征中的包括以下特征的一个或多个。所述网络可包括第五代核心网,并且所述另一网络可包括第四代演进分组系统。所述网络节点可包括分组数据网络网关控制平面功能、会话管理功能和/或与所述会话管理功能共址的分组数据网络网关控制平面功能。可基于所述第一网络的服务质量参数和/或会话聚合最大比特率来确定包括与所述另一网络相关联的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值的所述默认服务质量规则。
[0007]上述方面和特征可在系统、设备、方法和/或制品中实现,这取决于期望的配置。本文所描述的主题的一个或多个变化的细节在附图和下面的描述中阐述。本文所描述的主题的特征和优点将从描述和附图以及从权利要求中显而易见。
[0008]在附图中,
[0009]图1描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的与5G系统互通的4G系统的一部分的示例;
[0010]图2描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的用于5G到4G互通的过程的示例;
[0011]图3描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的用于5G到4G互通的过程的另一个示例;
[0012]图4描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的网络节点的示例;以及
[0013]图5描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的设备的示例。
[0015]对于从演进分组系统(EPS)到5G系统(5GS)的UE移动,4G EPS可根据3GPP TS23.502向UE提供与5GS特定协议数据单元(PDU)会话相关的一个或多个参数,包括会话聚合最大比特率(AMBR)。例如,当UE在分组数据网络(PDN)连接建立期间由演进分组核心(EPC)服务时,UE可分配协议数据单元(PDU)会话ID,并且UE可经由协议配置选项(PCO)消息将PDU会话ID发送到与会话管理功能共址的PDN网关控制平面功能(SMF+PGW-C)。此外,SMF+PGW-C可分配与PDN连接相关的其他5G QoS参数,诸如会话AMBR、QoS规则等等。此外,SMF+PGW-C可经由PCO消息将这些和其他参数发送到UE。
[0016]例如,会话AMBR可由UE根据3GPP TS 24.501来使用。在从UE处的4G S1接口模式到UE处的5G N1接口模式的系统间变换后,UE可以将PDU会话上下文的会话AMBR设置为通过网络包括在协议配置选项信息元素(IE)中或扩展协议配置选项信息元素中(例如,在激活默认EPS承载请求消息中)的会话AMBR。通过这种方法,UE在4G EPS到5GS移动期间可正确地设置PDU会话的会话AMBR。相反地,当UE从5GS移动到4G EPS时,需要设置PDN连接的接入点名称聚合最大比特率(APN-AMBR)。
[0017]在一些示例实施方案中,PDU会话建立(或修改)过程可触发SMF+PGW-C以向UE提供至少一个接入点聚合最大比特率(APN-AMBR)参数。此外,根据一些示例实施方案,SMF+PGW-C可向访问会话管理功能(V-SMF)发送APN-AMBR。在从5GS移动到4G EPS期间,UE可使用先前提供的APN-AMBR来配置EPS中的PDN连接的APN-AMBR。
[0018]为了进一步说明,接入点名称(APN)是指公共陆地移动网络与分组数据网络(诸如互联网)之间的网关节点的名称。当UE接入例如对应的APN时,该APN接入与APN-AMBR相关联。在4G中,APN-AMBR可能会限制该APN处的承载、会话和/或PDN连接上的聚合比特率。在例如4G下行链路中,分组网关(P-GW)可执行APN-AMBR,而在4G上行链路中,UE和/或P-GW可执行APN-AMBR。
[0019]图1描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的用于5G与4G之间的互通功能(IWF)的示例系统100。
[0020]系统100可包括用户设备(UE)150A至150B、4G无线电接入网络(诸如演进通用移动电信网络(UMTS)地面无线接入网络(E-UTRAN)152)、移动性管理实体(MME)154、服务网关(SGW)156、5G无线电接入网络(标记为下一代无线电接入网络,NG-RAN)160,以及接入管理功能(AMF)162。
[0021]系统100还可包括:第一节点170,该第一节点包括与统一数据管理功能共址的家庭订户服务器(HSS+UDM);第二节点172,该第二节点包括与策略和计费规则功能共址的策略控制功能(PCF+PCRF);第三节点176,该第三节点包括与分组数据网络网关-控制平面功能共址的会话管理功能(SMF+PGW-C);以及第四节点178,该第四节点包括与分组数据网络网关-用户平面功能共址的用户平面功能(UPF+PGW-U)。图1还描绘了服务接口,诸如S1-MME、S11、N26、N1、N2等等。
[0022]包括节点(150至178)和服务接口的架构可以根据诸如3GPP TS 23.501、TS23.502和/或其他标准的标准进行定义,但是也可使用专用接口。此外,尽管图1描绘了非漫游架构,但是可使用归属地路由漫游架构和/或包括归属地公共陆地移动网络和访问公共陆地移动网络的漫游架构。
[0023]在发起PDU会话建立(或修改)请求之后,SMF+PGW-C 176可向UE 150A提供4G参数,诸如APN-AMBR参数。这实现5GS与4G之间的互通,因为在从5G系统移动到4G系统之后,UE现在具有控制由APN标识的接入点的聚合最大比特率所需的APN-AMBR。
[0024]图2描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的用于5G到4G互通移动的过程200的示例。
[0025]在202处,根据一些示例实施方案,UE 150A可在耦合到5G无线电接入网络160时接收4G会话参数,诸如APN AMBR。例如,在协议数据单元会话建立或修改过程期间,UE可从网络(诸如5G网络)接收第一消息,该第一消息包括具有接入点名称聚合最大比特率值的默认服务质量规则。为了进一步说明,在会话建立请求(诸如PDU会话请求消息)从UE发送到AMF162之后,这可触发SMF+PGW-C 176(其可作为SMF选择的一部分由AMF根据3GPP TS 23.502来选择)向UE 150A发送APN AMBR。APN AMBR可经由N11由Nsmf_PDU会话_创建SM上下文响应消息携载到AMF,该AMF可经由N1接口将APN AMBR以及其他QoS和相关信息转发到UE 150A。可选地或另外地,网络或UE请求的会话修改请求还可触发SMF+PGW-C 176将APN AMBR发送到UE。会话建立或修改请求可在漫游模式、非漫游模式或归属地路由漫游模式期间进行。
[0026]在204处,UE 150A可存储接收到的APN AMBR以及其他QoS信息和会话信息。UE150A可存储与EPS承载ID(EBI)对应的QoS流与EPS QoS参数和APN-AMBR映射之间的关联性。
[0027]当UE 150A从5G无线电接入节点160移动到如在150B处示出的4G无线电接入节点152时,作为5G与4G之间的互通的一部分,这可触发UE 150B在206处设置从UE到对应的分组数据网络(PDN)的PDN连接的APN AMBR。例如,UE可使用接收在PDU会话上下文的默认QoS规则的参数中(在202处,在耦合到5G核心时)的APN-AMBR来设置默认EPS承载上下文的APNAMBR。以此方式,会话上下文被转换以在切换期间针对服务、会话或网络切片(例如,针对UE处的应用)维持会话连续性。而且,当设置时,UE可基于APN AMBR设置来监管4G连接。
[0028]当UE 150A在PDU会话建立(或PDU会话修改和/或保证比特率(GBR)QoS流建立)期间由包括NG-RAN 160的5GS服务时,SMF+PGW-C 176可执行EPS QoS和APN-AMBR映射。映射可基于从PCF+PCRF 172获得的5G QoS参数和会话AMBR、EPS QoS和APN-AMBR映射。SMF+PGW-C176还可利用从PCF+PCRF 172获得的PCC规则(如果部署的话)来分配业务流模板(TFT);否则,EPS QoS和APN-AMBR映射以及TFT分配可由SMF+PGW-C在本地执行。SMF+PGW-C可忽略不适用于4G EPC的5G QoS参数,诸如QoS通知控制。
[0029]对于每个PDU会话,SMF+PGW-C可将EPS承载ID(EBI)分配到默认EPS承载(非GBR流映射到该默认EPS承载)和专用承载(GBR流在EPC中映射到该专用承载)。UE还可接收映射的QoS参数和APN-AMBR。UE和SMF+PGW-C可存储QoS流和对应的EBI与包括APN-AMBR映射的EPSQoS参数之间的关联性。
[0030]当SMF+PGW-C 176(其调用Namf_通信_EBI分配请求)从AMF接收任何EBI时,SMF+PGW-C可将接收到的EBI包括到映射的EPS QoS参数和APN-AMBR中(在EPS承载是默认EPS承载的情况下),以便在N1 SM容器中发送到UE。SMF+PGW-C还可包括(在用于5G RAN 160的N2会话管理容器中)在接收到的EBI与QoS流之间的映射。
[0031]在归属地路由漫游的情况下,SMF+PGW-C 176可生成EPS承载上下文,该EPS承载上下文包括与PDU会话(在PDU会话建立过程的情况下)对应的PDN连接的PGW-C控制平面隧道信息和APN-AMBR、每个EPS承载的EBI、每个EPS承载的PGW-U隧道信息,以及每个EPS承载的EPS QoS参数。SMF+PGW-C然后可将生成的信息发送到访问SMF。这个生成的信息可由Nsmf_PDU会话创建响应(例如,对于PDU会话建立而言)或由Nsmf_PDU会话_更新请求(例如,对于PDU会话修改而言)携载。访问SMF可存储EPS承载上下文。
[0032]在一些示例实施方案中,PDU会话修改命令和PDU会话建立接受消息可包括QoS规则(或默认QoS规则),该QoS规则可包括APN-AMBR以及EPS承载身份、映射的EPS QoS参数、映射的扩展EPS QoS参数以及映射的业务流模板(如果QoS流可映射到EPS承载的话)。APN-AMBR(以及其他映射的参数)可作为PDU会话上下文的一部分存储在UE中,因此它可映射到另一个上下文、会话、切片等等。
[0033]此外,当存在从N1模式到S1模式的系统间变换时,UE可根据PDU会话上下文的默认QoS规则的QoS流来创建默认EPS承载上下文,其中支持与EPS的互通。UE可使用PDU会话上下文的APN-AMBR来设置对应的默认EPS承载上下文的APN-AMBR。如果对于相同的数据网络名称(其将映射到单个APN),存在从网络接收到的多于一个APN-AMBR,那么UE可使用最近的APN-AMBR。
[0034]在归属地路由漫游场景的情况下,PDU会话修改命令和PDU会话建立接受消息可不由SMF+PGW-C直接地发送到UE。当情况如此时,Nsmf_PDU会话_创建服务的“201已创建”和Nsmf_PDU会话_更新服务的修补请求可包括APN-AMBR。
[0035]图3描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的在网络节点处的示例过程。
[0036]在304处,根据一些示例实施方案,SMF+PGW-C 176可确定4G QoS信息和APN-AMBR参数。例如,SMF+PGW-C可基于从PCF+PCRF 172获得的5G QoS参数和会话AMBR以及EPS QoS信息和APN-AMBR映射来执行。
[0037]在306处,根据一些示例实施方案,SMF+PGW-C 176可将APN-AMBR发送到UE 150A。在UE耦合到5G无线电接入网络160时,SMF+PGW-C 176可发送APN AMBR。如上所述,在会话建立(或修改)请求之后,这可触发SMF+PGW-C 176(其可作为SMF选择的一部分由AMF根据3GPPTS 23.502来选择)向UE 150A发送APN AMBR。如上所述,APN AMBR可经由N11由Nsmf_PDU会话_创建SM上下文响应消息携载到AMF,该AMF可经由N1接口将APN AMBR以及其他QoS和相关信息转发到UE 150A。可选地或另外地,网络或UE请求的会话修改请求还可触发SMF+PGW-C176将APN AMBR发送到UE。会话建立或修改请求可在漫游模式、非漫游模式或归属地路由漫游模式期间进行。
[0038]在308处,根据一些示例实施方案,SMF+PGW-C 176可删除与被删除的QoS流相关联的EPS QoS信息和APN AMBR。当QoS流被删除(例如,由于PDU会话状态同步或PDU会话修改)时,UE和/或SMF+PGW-C可删除任何现有的EPS QoS参数,包括与被删除的QoS流相关联的APN-AMBR。在一些示例实施方案中,SMF+PGW-C 176可从AMF 162接收EBI已被撤回的指示。如果例如AMF被请求来为高优先级服务的QoS流分配EPS承载身份(EBI)但AMF没有可用的EBI,那么AMF可撤回已分配到一个或多个QoS流的EBI。撤回可基于至少一个分配和保留优先级(ARP)、单一网络切片选择辅助信息(S-NSSAI)、EBI信息(在UE上下文中)和本地策略。如果分配的EBI将被撤回,那么AMF可发送消息,诸如包括将被撤回的EBI的Nsmf_PDU会话_更新SM上下文。可发送此消息以请求相关SMF(例如,SMF+PGW-C)释放与将被撤回的EBI对应的映射的EPS QoS参数和APN-AMBR(在EPS承载是默认EPS承载的情况下)。AMF可存储分配的EBI-ARP对与对应的PDU会话ID和SMF地址的关联性。作为响应,相关SMF(诸如充当服务释放的资源的SMF的SMF+PGW-C)可向AMF(且经由N11接口)发送Nsmf_通信_N1N2消息传送,其包括会话管理信息以及PDU会话ID和将被撤回的EBI。此信息可被携载在将被撤回的N2和/或N1会话管理(SM)容器中。此消息可向接入网络并最终地向UE告知移除与将被撤回的EBI对应的映射的EPS QoS参数和APN-AMBR(在EPS承载是默认EPS承载的情况下)。为了告知UE,Nsmf_通信_N1N2消息可包括N1 SM容器,该N1 SM容器包括将被移除的映射的EPS QoS参数和APN-AMBR。
[0039]图4描绘了根据一些示例实施方案的网络节点400的框图。网络节点400可被配置为提供网络节点,诸如AMF 162、SMF+PGW-C 176和/或诸如在图1处描绘的那些其他节点。
[0040]网络节点400可包括网络接口402、处理器420、存储器404和互通功能450,该互通功能被配置为提供本文关于网络节点公开的一个或多个操作(例如,过程300等等)。网络接口402可包括有线和/或无线收发器,以使得能够接入其他节点和/或互联网。存储器404可包括具有程序代码的易失性和/或非易失性存储器,该程序代码在由至少一个处理器420执行时尤其提供本文所公开的过程,包括过程300等等。例如,网络节点可被配置为至少确定包括与另一网络相关联的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值的默认服务质量规则,以及在协议数据单元会话建立或修改过程期间将包括默认服务质量规则的消息发送到用户设备,该默认服务质量规则包括另一网络的接入点名称聚合最大比特率值。
[0041]图5示出了根据一些示例实施方案的设备10的框图。
[0042]设备10可表示用户设备,诸如用户设备150。
[0043]设备10可包括与发射器14和接收器16通信的至少一个天线12。可选地,发射天线和接收天线可为单独的。设备10还包括处理器20,该处理器被配置为分别向发射器和接收器提供信号和从发射器和接收器接收信号,并且控制设备的运作。处理器20可被配置为通过经由通向发射器和接收器的电引线实现控制信令来控制发射器和接收器的功能。同样地,处理器20可被配置为通过经由将处理器20连接到其他元件(诸如显示器或存储器)的电引线实现控制信令来控制设备10的其他元件。处理器20可以例如通过多种方式来体现,所述多种方式包括电路、至少一个处理核心、具有附带的数字信号处理器的一个或多个微处理器、没有附带的数字信号处理器的一个或多个处理器、一个或多个协同处理器、一个或多个多核心处理器、一个或多个控制器、处理电路、一个或多个计算机、包括集成电路(例如,专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等等)的各种其他处理元件,或它们的一些组合。因此,尽管在图5中被示出为单个处理器,但在一些示例实施方案中,处理器20可包括多个处理器或处理核心。
[0044]设备10可能够与一个或多个空中接口标准、通信协议、调制类型、接入类型等等一起操作。由处理器20发送和接收的信号可包括根据适用的蜂窝系统的空中接口标准和/或任何数量的不同有线或无线网络技术的信令信息,所述不同有线或无线网络技术包括但不限于Wi-Fi、无线本地接入网络(WLAN)技术,诸如电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11、802.16、802.3、ADSL、DOCSIS等等。另外,这些信号可包括语音数据、用户生成的数据、用户请求的数据等等。
[0045]例如,设备10和/或其中的蜂窝调制解调器可能够根据各种第一代(1G)通信协议、第二代(2G或2.5G)通信协议、第三代(3G)通信协议、第四代(4G)通信协议、第五代(5G)通信协议、互联网协议多媒体子系统(IMS)通信协议(例如,会话发起协议(SIP))等等进行操作。例如,设备10可能够根据2G无线通信协议IS-136、时分多址TDMA、全球移动通信系统GSM、IS-95、码分多址CDMA等等进行操作。另外,例如,设备10可能够根据2.5G无线通信协议、通用分组无线电服务(GPRS)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)等等进行操作。此外,例如,设备10可能够根据3G无线通信协议进行操作,所述据3G无线通信协议诸如通用移动电信系统(UMTS)、码分多址2000(CDMA2000)、宽带码分多址(WCDMA)、时分同步码分多址(TD-SCDMA)等等。设备10另外地可能够根据3.9G无线通信协议进行操作,所述3.9G无线通信协议诸如长期演进(LTE)、演进通用地面无线电接入网络(E-UTRAN)等等。另外地,例如,设备10可能够根据4G无线通信协议进行操作,所述4G无线通信协议诸如LTE Advanced、5G等等以及后续可开发的类似无线通信协议。
[0046]应当理解,处理器20可包括用于实现设备10的音频/视频和逻辑功能的电路。例如,处理器20可包括数字信号处理器装置、微处理器装置、模数转换器、数模转换器等等。设备10的控制和信号处理功能可在这些装置之间根据它们相应的能力进行分配。处理器20另外地可包括内部话音编码器(VC)20a、内部数据调制解调器(DM)20b等等。此外,处理器20可包括操作可存储在存储器中的一个或多个软件程序的功能。一般地,处理器20和存储的软件指令可被配置为致使设备10执行动作。例如,处理器20可能够操作连接程序,诸如web浏览器。连接程序可允许设备10根据协议(诸如无线应用协议WAP、超文本传输协议HTTP等等)来传输和接收web内容,诸如基于位置的内容。
[0047]设备10还可包括用户接口,该用户接口包括例如耳机或扬声器24、振铃器22、麦克风26、显示器28、用户输入接口等等,该用户接口可操作地耦合到处理器20。如上所述,显示器28可包括触敏显示器,其中用户可触摸和/或做手势来进行选择、输入值等等。处理器20还可包括用户接口电路,该用户接口电路被配置为控制用户接口的一个或多个元件(诸如扬声器24、振铃器22、麦克风26、显示器28等等)的至少一些功能。处理器20和/或包括处理器20的用户接口电路可被配置为通过存储在可由处理器20访问的存储器(例如,易失性存储器40、非易失性存储器42等等)上的计算机程序指令(例如,软件和/或固件)来控制用户接口的一个或多个元件的一个或多个功能。设备10可包括用于向与移动终端相关的各种电路(例如,用于提供机械振动作为可检测的输出的电路)供电的电池。用户输入接口可包括允许设备10接收数据的装置,诸如小键盘30(其可为呈现在显示器28上的虚拟键盘或在外部耦合的键盘)和/或其他输入装置。
[0048]如图5所示,设备10还可包括用于共享和/或获得数据的一个或多个机构。例如,设备10可包括短程射频(RF)收发器和/或询问器64,因此根据RF技术,可与电子装置共享数据和/或从电子装置获得数据。设备10可包括其他短程收发器,诸如红外(IR)收发器66、使用蓝牙TM无线技术操作的蓝牙TM(BT)收发器68、无线通用串行总线(USB)收发器70、蓝牙TM低功耗收发器、ZigBee收发器、ANT收发器、蜂窝装置到装置收发器、无线局域链路收发器和/或任何其他短程无线电技术。设备10并且特别是短程收发器可能够将数据传输到在设备的接近度内(例如,诸如在10米内)的电子装置和/或从其接收数据。包括Wi-Fi或无线局域联网调制解调器的设备10还可能够根据各种无线联网技术从电子装置传输和/或接收数据,所述各种无线网络技术包括6LoWpan、Wi-Fi、Wi-Fi低功耗、WLAN技术诸如IEEE 802.11技术、IEEE 802.15技术、IEEE 802.16技术等等。
[0049]设备10可包括存储器,诸如订户身份模块(SIM)38、可移除用户身份模块(R-UIM)、eUICC、UICC等等,该存储器可存储与移动订户相关的信息元素。除了SIM之外,设备10还可包括其他可移除和/或固定存储器。设备10可包括易失性存储器40和/或非易失性存储器42。例如,易失性存储器40可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)(包括动态和/或静态RAM)、片上或片外高速缓存存储器等等。可嵌入和/或可移除非易失性存储器42可包括例如只读存储器、快闪存储器、磁性存储装置(例如,硬盘)、软盘驱动器、磁带、光盘驱动器和/或介质、非易失性随机存取存储器(NVRAM)等等。类似于易失性存储器40,非易失性存储器42可包括用于暂时存储数据的高速缓存区域。易失性和/或非易失性存储器的至少部分可嵌入处理器20中。存储器可存储可由设备使用来执行本文所公开的操作的一个或多个软件程序、指令、信息片段、数据等等,所述操作包括:在用户设备处,在协议数据单元会话建立或修改过程期间从网络接收包括默认服务质量规则的第一消息,该默认服务质量规则包括接入点名称聚合最大比特率值;并且当存在从该网络到另一网络的系统间切换时,由用户设备发送包括接入点名称聚合最大比特率值的第二消息,该第二消息在过程期间发送到另一网络以在另一网络处至少使用接入点名称聚合最大比特率值来激活默认承载上下文。
[0051]本文所公开的实施方案中的一些可在软件、硬件、应用逻辑或软件、硬件和应用逻辑的组合中实现。例如,软件、应用逻辑和/或硬件可驻留在存储器40、处理器20或电子部件上。在一些示例实施方案中,应用逻辑、软件或指令集维持在各种常规的计算机可读介质中的任一种上。在本文件的上下文中,“计算机可读介质”可为任何非暂时性介质,该任何非暂时性介质能够包含、存储、传送、传播或传输指令以供指令执行系统、设备或装置(诸如计算机或数据处理器电路,其中示例在图5处描绘)使用或与其结合使用,计算机可读介质可包括非暂时性计算机可读存储介质,该非暂时性计算机可读存储介质可为能够包含或存储指令以供指令执行系统、设备或装置(诸如计算机)使用或与其结合使用的任何介质。
[0052]在不以任何方式限制下面出现的权利要求书的范围、解释或应用的情况下,本文所描述的示例实施方案中的一个或多个的技术效果可为5G与4G之间的增强互通。
[0053]本文所描述的主题可体现在系统、设备、方法和/或制品中,这取决于期望的配置。例如,基站和用户设备(或其中的一个或多个部件)和/或本文所描述的过程可使用以下中的一个或多个来实现:执行程序代码的处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、嵌入式处理器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和/或它们的组合。这些各种实现方式可包括在可在可编程系统上执行和/或解释的一个或多个计算机程序中的实现方式,该可编程系统包括至少一个可编程处理器,该至少一个可编程处理器可为专用或通用的、耦合以从存储系统、至少一个输入装置和至少一个输出装置接收数据和指令以及向存储系统、至少一个输入装置和至少一个输出装置传输数据和指令。这些计算机程序(也被称为程序、软件、软件应用程序、应用程序、部件、程序代码或代码)包括用于可编程处理器的机器指令,并且可以高级程序和/或面向对象的编程语言和/或以汇编/机器语言实现。如本文所使用,术语“计算机可读介质”是指任何计算机程序产品、机器可读介质、计算机可读存储介质、设备和/或装置(例如,用于将机器指令和/或数据提供到可编程处理器(包括接收机器指令的机器可读介质)的磁盘、光盘、存储器、可编程逻辑装置(PLD))。类似地,本文还描述了可包括存储器和耦合到存储器的处理器的系统。存储器可包括致使处理器执行本文所描述的操作中的一个或多个的一个或多个程序。
[0054]尽管上文已经详细地描述了几个变化,但是其他修改或添加是可能的。特别地,除了本文所阐述的那些之外,还可提供另外的特征和/或变化。此外,上文所描述的实现方式可涉及所公开的特征的各种组合和子组合和/或上文所公开的若干另外的特征的组合和子组合。其他实施方案可在以下权利要求书的范围内。
[0055]如果期望的话,本文所讨论的不同功能可按不同顺序执行和/或彼此同时执行。此外,如果期望的话,上述功能中的一个或多个可为任选的或可进行组合。尽管独立权利要求中阐述了实施方案中的一些的各种方面,但是实施方案中的一些的其他方面包括来自所描述的实施方案和/或从属权利要求的特征与独立权利要求的特征的其他组合,而不仅是权利要求中明确阐述的组合。在本文中还应注意,尽管上文描述了示例实施方案,但是这些描述不应被视为限制性的。相反,在不脱离如所附权利要求书中限定的实施方案中的一些的范围的情况下,可进行若干变化和修改。其他实施方案可在以下权利要求书的范围内。术语“基于”包括“至少基于”。除非另外指明,否则使用短语“诸如”意指“例如诸如”。