English:
[0002] Computer implemented methods for drilling and completions are important in the oil and gas industry for casing and tubing design. Proper casing and tubing design are important for successful drilling and completion of oil, gas and other wells, particularly in high pressure, high temperature (HP/HT) environments, such as deep water and heavy oil. Computer modeling of the complex temperature and pressure characteristics in a wellbore can be an important tool to design the most appropriate casing and tubular design and avoid undesirable effects due to, for example, trap annular pressure or unstable load stresses in salt zones. Computer modeling and analysis can require the performance of a number of tasks, such as simulating fluid flow and heat transfer during drilling operations, analyzing single casing loads and buckling behavior under complex mechanical, fluid pressure, and thermal-loading conditions, simulating fluid flow and heat transfer during completion, production, stimulation, testing, and well-servicing operations, analyzing tubing loads and movements, buckling behavior, and design integrity under complex mechanical, fluid-pressure, and thermal-loading conditions, and predicting pressure and volume changes due to annular pressure buildup (APB) when the well system heats up as a result of production operations or the injection of hot fluids into the well. In well systems employing artificial lift, it can be important that petroleum engineers and well designers be able to predict the performance of hydrocarbon production wells. Some well systems having artificial lift can include a jet pump for generating jet pump lift. Therefore, there is a need in the art for improved systems and methods for predicting, modeling and analyzing the performance of wells, such as hydrocarbon-producing wells, utilizing jet pump lift.
[0003] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of one of many embodiments of a well system having a jet pump according to the disclosure.
[0004] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another of many embodiments of a well system having a jet pump according to the disclosure.
[0005] Fig. 3 is a chart illustrating pressure changes in one of many embodiments of a well system with and without a jet pump according to the disclosure.
[0006] Fig. 4 is a chart illustrating temperature changes in one of many embodiments of a well system with and without a jet pump according to the disclosure.
[0007] Fig. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating one of many embodiments of an analysis system and method according to the disclosure.
[0008] Fig. 6 illustrates one of many embodiments of a user interface according to the disclosure.
[0009] Fig. 7 illustrates another of many embodiments of a user interface according to the disclosure.
[0010] The Figures described above and the written description of specific structures and functions below are not presented to limit the scope of what Applicants have invented or the scope of the appended claims. Rather, the Figures and written description are provided to teach any person ordinarily skilled in the art to make and use the invention for which patent protection is sought. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all features of a commercial embodiment of the invention are described or shown for the sake of clarity and understanding. Persons of skill in this art will also appreciate that the development of an actual commercial embodiment incorporating aspects of the present invention will require numerous implementation-specific decisions to achieve the developer's ultimate goal for the commercial embodiment. Such implementation-specific decisions may include, and likely are not limited to, compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related and other constraints, which may vary by specific implementation, location, and from time to time. While a developer's efforts might be complex and time-consuming in an absolute sense, such efforts would be, nevertheless, a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in this art having benefit of this disclosure. It must be understood that the invention disclosed and taught herein is susceptible to numerous and various modifications and alternative forms. Lastly, the use of a singular term, such as, but not limited to, "a," is not intended as limiting of the number of items. Also, the use of relational terms, such as, but not limited to, "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "down," "up," "side," and the like are used in the written description for clarity in specific reference to the Figures and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the appended claims. When referring generally to such elements, the number without the letter is used. Further, such designations do not limit the number of elements that can be used for that function. The terms "couple," "coupled," "coupling," "coupler," and like terms are used broadly herein and can include any method or device for securing, binding, bonding, fastening, attaching, joining, inserting therein, forming thereon or therein, communicating, or otherwise associating, for example, mechanically, magnetically, electrically, chemically, operably, directly or indirectly with intermediate elements, one or more pieces of members together and can further include without limitation integrally forming one functional member with another in a unity fashion. The coupling can occur in any direction, including rotationally. The terms "including" and "such as" are illustrative and not limitative. The term "can" as used herein means "can, but need not" unless otherwise indicated. Each structure, component and other item included herein will have certain inherent physical or other characteristics when and if present in one or more embodiments of the present inventions, such as dimension(s) (e.g., height, width, length, diameter), mass, weight, imaginary axes, cross-sections and the like. It will be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that such characteristics are present, and that such items exist in one or more environments, regardless of whether expressly described or mentioned herein. The terms "fluid" and "fluids" as used herein (e.g., formation fluids, reservoir fluids, power fluids, treatment fluids, production fluids, other fluids, mixtures thereof, etc.) include any non-fluid materials contained, mixed and/or carried in the fluid material(s), unless otherwise indicated.
[0013] As shown in Fig. 1 for illustrative purposes, in some jet pump systems, such as jet pump 100, power fluid 108 can be injected into a flow stream through an annulus 134 of the casing 116 and can be produced, separately or in combination with production fluid 114, through production conduit 111, which can be disposed centrally or otherwise within or relative to casing 116. However, this need not be the case and, alternatively, power fluid 108 can enter and exit a wellbore in other manners. For example, as shown in Fig. 2 for illustrative purposes, in some jet pump systems, such as jet pump 200, power fluid 108 can be injected into a flow stream through one or more conduits 202, such as a centrally (or otherwise) disposed tubing, pipe or other conduit, and can be produced, separately or in combination with production fluid 114, through the annulus 234 of casing 216. With continuing reference to Fig. 2, the power fluid 108 can pass through a jet valve nozzle 204, which can be coupled to or otherwise supported by (including being formed integrally with, in whole or in part) a support 206, such as a jet pump housing or other structure. Power fluid 108 can pass from nozzle 204 into a jet pump carrier 208, which can create a low-pressure area for drawing production fluid 114 through a valve 210 or otherwise into a portion of the system where the formation fluid can commingle with the power fluid. Such a mixture, if and when present, can be released or otherwise directed into the annulus 234, i.e., the area between conduit 202 and casing 216. The formation fluid, power fluid or mixture thereof can be moved upstream or produced through the annulus 234 at the surface. It will be understood that fluid injected, produced or which otherwise passes through an annulus of a wellbore can move in the space between the tubing and the casing (e.g., Fig. 2) or can alternatively move through one or more conduits or other flow paths disposed in such space (e.g., Fig. 1).
[0014] Introduction of one or more jet pumps into a well system can impact the design and operation of a well. For example, during the pumping process, heat can be generated by one or more components of the jet pump, which can raise the temperature of operation fluids passing through or near such components. Further, jet pumps can result in pressure changes in the well. In at least some well systems, the shifts in temperature and/or pressure that can occur upon introduction of a jet pump can be significant, such as by having magnitudes that can be worthy of consideration in the design, analysis or implementation of a particular application. For purposes of explanation only, and not by way of limitation, Figs. 3 and 4 presented herein illustrate changes based on the presence of a jet pump in one embodiment of a well system according to the disclosure, which embodiment is but one of many. For example, Fig. 4 shows exemplary temperature changes in the annulus and tubing of one of many well systems with and without a jet pump present. As seen in the Figure, the temperature in both the tubing and the annulus can be increased by a jet pump disposed along the measured depth of the wellbore. In this particular example, the temperature of the well fluid(s) can increase approximately 40° F at a depth of 17,000 feet due to the presence of a jet pump. Similarly, Fig. 3 shows that the pressure inside the tubing can increase during operation of a jet pump - in this implementation, increasing by approximately 1100 PSI at a depth of 17,000 feet (versus the same well system absent the jet pump). Of course, these are only examples presented for purposes of clarity and explanation, and it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefits of the present disclosure that the changes in temperature, pressure, or other characteristics of a well system can, and likely will, vary from application to application, and well to well, depending on a host of factors (e.g., formation, well depth, environment, one or more of the other factors discussed elsewhere herein, etc.), separately or in combination with one another or one or more other factors in accordance with a particular application.
[0015] Increases in temperature and/or pressure caused by the presence of a jet pump can impact various aspects of a well system, including aspects that underlie the design and/or modeling of a well. For example, jet pumps can impact the structural analyses of one or more wellbore components, such as stress, strain or other analyses of tubing, casing, or other components. As other examples, the effects of a jet pump on a well system can affect the trap annular pressure of the well, wellhead movement, or other characteristics, and related analyses. Pressure and temperature changes that can result from jet pump operations can be based on the specifications of a particular jet pump (which can be any jet pump), and the various parameters and factors defining or otherwise relating to relevant operating conditions can be many. These parameters can include, for example, variables such as pump intake pressure or other pressures, densities, including density differences between power fluids and produced or other fluids, flow areas, cross-sectional areas, FVF, component efficiencies, area ratios, pressure-recovery ratios, flow ratios, including mass flow ratios, water cut, acceleration of gravity, dimensions (e.g., height, width, length, distance, etc.), shapes, loss coefficients (e.g., regarding suction loss or loss from one or more components, such as nozzles, throats, diffusers, etc.), pressure losses or differences, flow rates of one or more fluids, friction forces or coefficients, gas-oil ratios (GOR), velocities, magnitudes, values or other expressions of any of the foregoing, or other factors in accordance with a particular application, in whole or in part, separately or in combination. Of course, this list is not exhaustive, but rather is merely illustrative of the variables and other aspects that can be considered in the design, modeling, estimation or other applicable analysis of a well system (including potential wells) in which one or more jet pumps can or will be utilized. One set of expressions for determining the performance of a jet pump that can be helpful in one or more applications is described in A.W. Grupping, J.L.R. Coppes & J.G. Groot, Fundamentals of Oilwell Jet Pumping, SPE Production Engineering, Feb. 1988, at 9-14; see also Clay Griffin, Discussion of Fundamentals of Oilwell Jet Pumping, SPE Production Engineering, May 1988, at 280; A. W. Grupping, Author's Reply to Discussion of Fundamentals of Oilwell Jet Pumping, Id.
[0016] Fig. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating one of many embodiments of an analysis system and method according to the disclosure. Fig. 6 illustrates one of many embodiments of a user interface according to the disclosure. Fig. 7 illustrates another of many embodiments of a user interface according to the disclosure. Figs. 5-7 will be described in conjunction with one another. In at least one embodiment of the present invention, which is but one of many, there can be provided a method for simulating a completion production system for a well including a jet pump. One or more computer models can be provided, at least one of which can take into account one or more effects that a jet pump (which can be any jet pump or combination thereof) can have on the design and/or performance of a well. A computational or computer model generally refers to a mathematical model that can simulate the behavior of a system, such as the thermal, stress and/or loading of a well, and which can allow a user to analyze the behavior of the system. The methods and systems of the present inventions can, but need not, be incorporated into an existing (or future developed) software package for analyzing well systems, such as a program that can enable engineers or other users to model or otherwise analyze one or more aspects of a well system in an effort to obtain one or both of the right well integrity and the best cost configuration for a particular well system, which can be any well system.
[0017] Referring now to FIG. 5, a flow chart according to one embodiment is shown. System 500 can generally include one or more modules and one or more calculation engines for modeling one or more aspects of a well system, which can include one or more user interfaces for allowing a user and computer system to interact (as further described below). System 500 can be adapted to analyze or otherwise consider (including allowing or enabling a user to do so) one or more of any number of factors in accordance with a particular well system application, such as, for example, thermal flow, stress analysis and/or well loading (e.g., trap annular pressure and wellhead movement). System 500 can be or include, for example, all or part of an expanded user interface (UI) for calculating factors such as thermal flow, stress and well loading for accurately or otherwise incorporating the effects of incorporating a jet pump as part of a completion production system, which can be any production system. In at least one embodiment of the present invention, which is but one of many, system 500 can include a production module 502 for modeling, predicting or otherwise analyzing one or more characteristics of a well system, such as one or more production characteristics. For example, production module 502 can be adapted to analyze one or more production conditions, such as production temperatures, production pressures, or other production conditions, during one or more phases of production. These phases can include any of a number of events that can take place during production, including, for example, circulation events, production events, injection operations, and other operations. In at least one embodiment, production module 502 can include a definition (which can include a collection or other plurality of definitions) of the mechanical configuration(s) of one or more well systems, such as a definition based on all known (including assumed) characteristics of the well(s). For example, a well system definition can include definitions of casing, holes, fluids, undisturbed or other temperatures, tubing or other conduits, or other definitions, such as definitions of or relating to any one or more of the other factors, parameters or variables described herein. Each well system definition can be based on any number of factors or definitions required by a particular application, separately or in combination, in whole or in part. In at least one or more other embodiments of system 500, production module 502 need not include one or more well system definitions, and alternatively can gather such definition(s) from one or more other modules, such as by accessing or otherwise communicating with one or more other modules. For example, one or more well system definitions can be included in a mechanical configuration module 501 A for defining one or more physical aspects of a well system, a drilling module 50 IB for analyzing one or more aspects of a well system during drilling operations, or other modules according to a particular application or software system with which system 500 can be utilized.
[0018] System 500 can include a jet pump module 504 for cooperating with one or more other components of the system to analyze one or more characteristics of a well system having a jet pump. Jet pump module 504 can be incorporated into production module 502, in whole or in part, such as by being a sub-module thereof. But, this need not be the case, and jet pump module 504 can alternatively be wholly or partially separate from module 502 and adapted to be accessed by or otherwise cooperate with module 502 and/or other portions of the system. In at least one embodiment of the present invention, jet pump module 504 can be or include a computer implemented model(s) of one or more jet pumps, or any other set of data or other definitions defining one or more jet pump characteristics. Jet pump module 504 can include the definition for a single jet pump or the definitions of each of a plurality of jet pumps that can or may be used or included in one or more well systems. Alternatively, jet pump module 504 can include portions of one or more jet pump definitions. In these manners, jet pump module 504 can add to a production operation dialog the definition(s) of one or more jet pump operations. Each jet pump definition can include any number of parameters according to a particular application or implementation, such as, for example, jet pump names or other identification (ID), jet pump locations (e.g., depth), power or other fluid flow streams, injection flow streams, discharge flow streams, mixing locations, production flow streams, temperatures (e.g., inlet temps, outlet temps, injection temps, fluid temps, wellbore temps, formation temps, or other temps), flow rates (e.g., power fluid or production fluid flow rates), fluid compositions, component or wellbore characteristics (e.g., dimensions, areas, materials, diameters, ratios thereof), or other factors, such as pressures, times, elapsed times, or any one or more of the other factors, parameters or variables described herein, separately or in combination, in whole or in part.
[0019] System 500 can include one or more calculation engines 506 (collectively, "calculation engine 506") for computing one or more selected operations. In at least one embodiment, a calculation engine 506 can be adapted to compute one or more operations in view of any of a set of selectable analysis options, such as transient or steady-state conditions or, as another example, thermal flow simulation options. Calculation engine 506 can perform one or more calculations or other operations in view of the configuration of one or more wellbores or other well systems, which can be included in one or modules of system 500, such as those described above. As with other modules of system 500, a configuration of a well system can, but need not, be defined via one or more user interfaces, which can include GUIs or other interfaces, as further described elsewhere herein. System 500 can be adapted to generate one or more output results, such as, for example, output results including wellbore fluids (e.g., in tubing and/or annulus) and strings (tubing and casing, etc.), temperatures, pressures, fluid flow rates and velocities, densities, plastic viscosities or yield points, or other outputs, such as liquid hold ups or flow regimes, separately or in combination, in whole or in part. Such outputs can be represented at a user interface, such as, for example, by way of single, multiple or other texts, summaries, plots, tables or reports, which can include generation of flat files, xml documents or other files or materials that can be used, understood or perceived by a user. System 500 can include one or more output modules 508 (collectively, "output module 508") for using, displaying or otherwise communicating one or more outputs. Output module 508 can include any type or number of output modules required by a particular application, such as, for example, output modules for final or other production temperatures and/or pressures for a well system including one or more jet pumps. Further, output module 508 can include one or more predetermined analysis modules, such as one or more tubing modules 510 for performing stress or other mechanical analyses based on load or other changes to the tubing in light of the effects that a jet pump can have on a well system, or one or more casing modules 512 for performing stress or other mechanical analyses based on load or other changes to the casing in light of the effects that a jet pump can have on a well system. System 500 can include one or more additional calculation engines 506 for performing one or more operations based on one or more output modules including information relating to or based on jet pumps or jet pump operations. For example, a calculation engine can calculate one or more conditions in light of a casing or tubing module as described above, including information such as initial or other casing and/or tubing landing, loading or other mechanical conditions. Such conditions can likewise be expressed by or otherwise included in one or more output modules 508, including being communicated to a system analysis module 514 for analyzing one or more system characteristics based on the other modules of system 500. System analysis module 514 can include, for example, a module for modeling or otherwise analyzing one or more characteristics of a single or multiple string well system, such as, for example, annular fluid expansion, wellhead movement, or other production operation conditions. Still further, system 500 can include one or more other calculation engines 506, such as for performing one or more calculations or operations based on the information in a system analysis module 514. In at least one embodiment, which is but one of many, such a calculation engine 506 can communicate one or more results to yet another output module 508, such as an output module for displaying or otherwise analyzing annular pressure buildup (APB). In this manner, and as will be understood by a person of ordinary skill having the benefits of Applicants' disclosure, system 500 can take into consideration the characteristics of one or more jet pumps operating within a well system and use those characteristics to model, approximate, simulate or otherwise determine the effects a jet pump can have on a well system, such as in a workflow process. These effects can include, but are not limited to, effects on production temperatures, production pressures, tubing stress, casing stress, fluid expansion, wellhead movement, loading and/or other aspects of a well system, such as single and multiple trap annular pressure buildup.
[0020] As mentioned above, each component of system 500 can be included in an interface, such as an expanded user interface. As such, each module of system 500, which can be any module, can include one or more graphical interfaces for allowing a user to input one or more factors of a well into the system. By way of an example, which is but one of many, Fig. 6 shows an illustrative graphical user interface ("GUI") 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In such an embodiment, GUI 600 can be a dialog interface for allowing an engineer or other user to enter various information relating to one or more events or components, such as regarding the definition of a drilling, production or other operation event, alone or in combination with one another or other events. GUI 600 can display and/or provide for the entry of one or more variables or other information (whether manually or preexisting, separately or in combination), such as in one or more graphics, blanks or spaces (hereinafter referred to as "boxes" for purposes of convenience and explanation). For example, in box 602, identifying information can be provided for one or more available or other jet pumps, such as a jet pump that can be used for one or more wells, or models or other analyses of any of them. In box 604, the model can be given information regarding a configuration relating to a jet pump, such a production tubing, annulus, or other configuration. In box 606, information regarding one or more operations can be entered into the model and/or displayed. For example, with respect to operations according to a particular embodiment, information can be provided regarding one or more flow paths, such as the size or type of a flow path or the type of fluid(s) or other materials flowing along a flow path. For instance, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of GUI 600, which is but one of many, a production flow path can include production fluid(s) (e.g., oil, gas, water, mixtures, etc.) flowing through production tubing, and an injection flow path can include injection fluid(s) (e.g., water, mixtures, etc.) flowing through an annulus, such as in a space surrounding the production tubing (e.g., between the tubing and casing) or another conduit disposed down hole. This need not be the case, however, and other configurations are possible and can be included in or otherwise taken into consideration by GUI 600. For example, the production flow can be through the annulus and the injection flow can be through the tubing. The model, such as through GUI 600, can also take into consideration the size of one or more components of a system, such as the size 608 of the production tubing and/or one or more other flow components. For illustrative purposes, size 608 of the exemplary production tubing is shown to be 31⁄2", but this need not be the case and size 608 can of course be any size required by a particular application for a corresponding tubing or other component. One or more other items of information can also (or alternatively) be provided via GUI 600. For example, in box 610, information can be provided regarding how a model can be carried out, such as the conditions under which a model can be run. Such conditions can include, but are not limited to, transient conditions, steady state conditions, or other conditions, and can include one or more categories of other conditions or operational information, such as the treatment of a prior operation (e.g., undisturbed or otherwise treated), as shown for exemplary purposes in box 612. GUI 600 (and/or other GUI's according to the disclosure) can, but need not, also include one or more other functions or options, such as for accepting, cancelling, copying, resetting, displaying in further detail, or otherwise manipulating the information displayed in a GUI, separately or in combination with one another or other functionality, such as a help button for providing access to instructional or other materials or information.
[0021] At least one embodiment of the present inventions can include other interfaces for defining, modeling, estimating or otherwise analyzing a well system having a jet pump, alone or in combination with one or more of the interfaces described elsewhere herein. For instance, as shown in Fig. 7 for exemplary purposes, system 500 can include a GUI 700 for entering, accepting, applying, displaying or otherwise addressing or manipulating one or more details or variables (e.g., operating conditions or parameters) relating to a jet pump (which can be or include any jet pump). For example, in box 702, information can be provided regarding one or more pressures, such as for an operating pressure of a jet pump. In box 704, information can be entered regarding a depth at which a jet pump can be installed or disposed in a well. In boxes 706-712, information can be provided regarding other aspects of a jet pump system, such as, for example, in relation to (including values for) inlet temperature, injection rate of a power fluid, jet pump nozzle diameter, and the nozzle-to-throat area ratio, or other data, separately or in combination with one another. Other information, if applicable, can also be provided by way of GUI 700, such as one or more durations in box 714 and/or, in box 716, a location at which one or more of the above-mentioned parameters can exist, such as at the wellhead or another location in or relative to a wellbore. Any or all of such information regarding the performance of a jet pump can be calculated by or otherwise incorporated into system 500, which can include being incorporated into a computer model. Similar or other dialog boxes can be included to allow entry of additional information pertinent to one or more embodiments of a model, such as, for example, descriptions of well mechanical configuration, surface measure depth reference(s) (e.g., measured depth), Rotary Kelly Bushings ("RKB"), mean sea level, water depth, well total depth, well casing and/or tubing string configuration, drilling fluid, packer/completion fluid, cemented intervals, ocean current, and temperature profile (e.g., undisturbed), separately or in combination with one another or with one or more other parameters, in whole or in part. Further, it will be understood that each "box" described or otherwise referred to herein can include any number of boxes required by a particular application, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 . . . n boxes, which can include one or more sub-boxes, if required or otherwise desired. Similarly, it will be understood that each box can, but need not, appear on a single GUI, and alternatively (or collectively) one or more combinations of boxes (which can be any boxes) can be shown on a single GUI. It will also be understood that not every box may be required for a particular application, and that if one or more boxes are not required, such boxes can, but need not, be shown, deleted, hidden, or otherwise disposed.
[0022] As other examples, dialog boxes can be included to allow entry of additional information pertinent to one or more embodiments of a model in view of one or more phases of operations. For example, during a drilling phase, one or more GUIs can provide for descriptions of drilling operation details, such as from undisturbed well conditions, sequence of drilling operation events (e.g., drilling, logging, circulating, tripping, running casing in hole, cementing operations), operations elapsed times, drilling fluid(s) and/or flow rate(s), among other things. As another example, during a production phase, one or more GUIs can provide for descriptions of production operation details from undisturbed well conditions, sequence of production events (e.g., circulation, shut-in, production, injection, gas lift), details of produced fluid type(s) (e.g., single, multi-phase, black oil, condensates), reservoir perforation depth, produced fluid temperature at perforation, production rates (oil, gas, water, and/or equivalent GOR), among other things.
[0023] Providing or sharing historical or other data and information among the modules and other components of system 500 can be performed in any manner that allows the components to access it during operation. In one embodiment, the historical data can be entered manually, for example, through a suitable graphical user interface implemented on a computer containing or accessing system 500 embodied as a computational model. In another embodiment, the data can be stored on a suitable storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD ROM, flash drive or other media that can be accessed or read by a processor executing the computational model. For example, data can be stored in the form of an Excel spreadsheet which can be accessed by the model. In still another embodiment, the data can be stored on a computer system having a computer processor separate from the computer processor executing the computational model. For example, the data can be provided through a system configured in a client-server architecture, where the data can be stored on a server computer which can be accessed over a network by the computational model that is running on a client computer processor. In still another embodiment, the computational model can access the data on a remote computer through the Internet or through distributed computing or cloud computing architectures. As an example, for a project in a given geographic area, a web service, in which the data is stored on a computer server, can be accessed by a client computer over the Internet. The client computer can also be the modeling computer, or it can simply retrieve the data for later access by the modeling computer. Accessing the data can include filtering inputs to narrow the scope of sources to obtain the needed jet pump or jet pump operation data. Filtering options can include jet pump ID or other characteristics, such as size, power, limitations, flow rates, etc. The computational model can consume and/or analyze the data as required by a particular application, in whole or in part.
[0024] A method for simulating, modeling or otherwise analyzing a well system, such as a computer-implemented method, can include providing a well system model adapted to define a mechanical or other configuration of the well system, such as based on one or more input parameters. A method can include providing a jet pump module including one or more jet pump models defining one or more jet pumps, and providing at least one calculation engine. A method can include inputting one or more input parameters, defining a mechanical configuration of the well system, selecting one or more jet pump models, integrating one or more jet pump models into a well system model, and computing one or more solutions to a model. A method can include determining at least one or more production conditions of a well system, such as a production condition or change to a production condition based on one or more effects of a jet pump. A method can include determining a plurality of production conditions, or changes in production conditions, such as one or more temperatures, pressures, or combinations of temperatures and pressures. A jet pump module can include a plurality of jet pump models, which can each define a different jet pump, and a method can include selecting at least one jet pump model from a jet pump module, such as by selecting one or more of a plurality of jet pump models, which can include selecting a model from a list displayed in or as a graphical user interface. A method can include creating a jet pump model, which can include defining one or more jet pump input parameters, such as pressure, depth, inlet temperature, injection rate, nozzle diameter, throat diameter, nozzle-to-throat area ratio, or a combination of any two or more of them. A well model can include one or more other models or modules, such as a casing model, casing module, tubing model or tubing module, separately or in combination, and a method can include performing one or more analyses on or using a model or module, such as a stress analysis, strain analysis, loading analysis, thermal flow analysis, pressure analysis, movement analysis, or other analysis. A method can include determining a state of a well system component, or model thereof, under one or more production conditions, such as a stress, temperature, pressure, mechanical, loading, or other state, and can include calculating a loading condition of at least one component of a well system or a model of any portion of a well system. A method can include incorporating at least one production condition into a calculation of one or more other conditions, variables or sets of variables, such as annular fluid expansion, wellhead movement, annular pressure buildup, a combination thereof, a state or condition of any of them, or one or more values relating to any of the foregoing. A system for simulating, modeling or otherwise analyzing a well system can include a computer system adapted to perform one or more of the method steps disclosed herein. A system can include any components required by a particular application, such as, for example, memories, processors, displays, or other components, such as power and cooling components, separately or in combination. A computer readable medium can have instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, can cause the processor to perform a method including accessing a well system model, which can define a mechanical configuration of a well system, accessing a jet pump model, which can define a configuration of a jet pump, integrating the jet pump model and the well system model, such as to create a combined model or combined well system model, computing one or more solutions to a model, such as a combined model, and determining one or more production conditions of a well system. One or more models can be based on one or more input parameters, such as one or more defined inputs. On a computer readable medium, at least one production condition can be one or more of a production temperature, a production pressure and a combination thereof, and a jet pump model can be one of a plurality of jet pump models within a jet pump module, such as wherein each of the plurality of jet pump models can define a different jet pump. A computer readable medium can include instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, can cause the processor to prompt or allow a user to define one or more jet pump input parameters, such as by way of one or more GUIs or other interfaces. The jet pump input parameters can include one or more of pressure, depth, inlet temperature, injection rate, nozzle diameter, throat diameter, nozzle-to-throat area ratio, and a combination thereof. A computer readable medium can include instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, can cause the processor to perform a stress analysis on at least one of a casing model and a tubing model under at least one production condition, perform one or more of a wellbore thermal flow, stress and well loading analysis on one or more components of a well under at least one production condition affected by a jet pump, or calculate a loading condition of at least one component of a well system under one or more production conditions.
[0025] Other and further embodiments utilizing one or more aspects of the inventions described above can be devised without departing from the spirit of Applicants' inventions. For example, the systems and methods disclosed herein can be used alone or to form one or more parts of another modeling, simulation or other analysis system. Further, the various methods and embodiments of the workflow system can be included in combination with each other to produce variations of the disclosed methods and embodiments. Discussion of singular elements can include plural elements and vice-versa. References to at least one item followed by a reference to the item may include one or more items. Also, various aspects of the embodiments could be used in conjunction with each other to accomplish the understood goals of the disclosure. Unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising," should be understood to imply the inclusion of at least the stated element or step or group of elements or steps or equivalents thereof, and not the exclusion of a greater numerical quantity or any other element or step or group of elements or steps or equivalents thereof. The device or system may be used in a number of directions and orientations. The order of steps can occur in a variety of sequences unless otherwise specifically limited. The various steps described herein can be combined with other steps, interlineated with the stated steps, and/or split into multiple steps. Similarly, elements have been described functionally and can be embodied as separate components or can be combined into components having multiple functions.
[0026] The inventions have been described in the context of preferred and other embodiments and not every embodiment of the invention has been described. Obvious modifications and alterations to the described embodiments are available to those of ordinary skill in the art. The disclosed and undisclosed embodiments are not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the invention conceived of by Applicants, but rather, in conformity with the patent laws, Applicants intend to fully protect all such modifications and improvements that come within the scope or range of equivalents of the following claims.

中文:
[0002]对于套管和油管设计来说,用于钻探和完井的计算机实现的方法在石油和天然气工业是重要的。适合的套管和油管设计对于石油、天然气和其他井的成功钻探和完井中是重要的,尤其是在诸如深水和重油的高压、高温(HP/HT)环境。对井筒中复杂的温度和压力特性的计算机建模可以是设计最适合的套管和管状设计并避免由于,例如,盐区中的陷阱环形压力或者不稳定的负荷压力的不期望的影响的重要工具。计算机建模和分析可以需要许多任务的性能,诸如模拟钻探操作期间的流体流动和热传递,分析复杂的机械、流体压力以及热负荷情况下的单个套管负荷和屈曲行为,模拟完井、生产、模拟、测试以及井用维护期间的流体流动和热传递,分析复杂的机械、流体压力以及热负荷条件下的油管负荷和移动、屈曲行为和设计完整性,以及在井系统因为生产操作或者热流体注入井中而过热时预测由于环形压力恢复(APB)的压力和体积变化。在采用人工举升的井系统中,重要的是石油工程师和井设计师能够预测烃生产井的性能。具有人工举升的一些井系统可以包括用于生成喷射泵升力的喷射泵。因此,本领域中存在改进的系统和方法的需要,所述改进的系统和方法用于利用喷射泵升力预测、建模和分析诸如烃生产井的井的性能。
[0003]图1是根据本公开的具有喷射泵的井系统的许多实施方案中的一个的示意图。
[0004]图2是根据本公开的具有喷射泵的井系统的许多实施方案中的另一个的示意图。
[0005]图3是示出根据本公开的具有和不具有喷射泵的井系统的许多实施方案中的一个的压力变化的图表。
[0006]图4是示出根据本公开的具有和不具有喷射泵的井系统的许多实施方案中的一个的温度变化的图表。
[0007]图5是示出根据本公开的分析系统和方法的许多实施方案中的一个的流程图。
[0008]图6示出根据本公开的用户界面的许多实施方案中的一个。
[0009]图7示出根据本公开的用户界面的许多实施方案中的另一个。
[0010]上文描述的附图和下文的具体结构和功能的书面说明不呈现来限制申请人已经发明的内容的范围或者所附的权利要求书的范围。此外,附图和书面说明被提供来教导本领域任意普通技术人员来制造和使用专利保护所要求的本发明。本领域技术人员应理解,为了清晰和便于理解,并未描述或示出本发明的商业实施方案的所有特征。本领域技术人员还应理解,并入本发明的方面的真正的商业实施方案的发展将需要许多具体实现的决定以便实现用于商业实施方案的开发者的最终目标。此类具体实现的决定可以包括,并且可能不限于,符合系统相关、商业相关、政府相关以及其他约束,这些可以通过具体的实现、位置并且不时地变化。尽管开发者的努力在绝对的意义上可能是复杂且费时的,然而此类努力将是为受益于本公开的本领域普通技术人员进行的例行程序。必须理解,本文所公开和教导的本发明易受许多和各种修改和替代形式的影响。最后,单数术语的使用,诸如但不限于“一个”,不旨在用作对项目的数量的限制。此外,被用在书面说明中的相关术语的使用,诸如但不限于,“顶部”、“底部”、“左”、“右”、“上部”、“下部”、“向下”、“向上”、“侧面”等为清楚起见具体参考附图并且不旨在限制本发明或者所附权力要求的范围。当通常提及此类元件时,使用没有字母的标号。此外,此类标记不限制可以用于那个功能的元件的数量。术语“耦接(couple)”、“耦接的(coupled)”、“耦接(coupling)”、“耦接器(coupler)”以及类似的术语在本文可以广泛使用,并且可以包括用于紧固、绑定、粘合、固定、附接、连接、插入其中、形成在其上或其中、通信,或者以其他方式,例如,机械地、磁性地、电力地、化学地、可操作地、直接地或间接地与中间元件、构件的一个或多个部分关联在一起的任意方法或设备,并且还可以没有限制地包括以统一方式与另一个整体地形成一个功能构件。所述耦接可以发生在任意方向上,包括旋转地。术语“包括”和“诸如”是说明性的并且不是限制性的。除非另有指示,如在本文使用的术语“可以”指“可以,但并不必须”。当并且如果存在于本发明的一个或多个实施方案中,本文所包括的每个结构、部件以及其他项目将具有特定的固有物理或者其他特性,诸如尺寸(例如,高度、宽度、长度、直径)、质量、重量、假想轴、截面等。本领域普通技术人员应理解,此类特性是存在的,并且此类项目存在于一个或多个环境中,不管本文是否明确描述或提及。除非另有指示,如本文所使用的术语“流体(fluid)”和“流体(fluids)”(例如,地层流体、储层流体、动力流体、处理流体、生产流体、其他流体、其混合等)包括所包含、混合和/或携带于流体材料中的任意非流体材料。
[0013]如在图1中所示,出于说明性目的,在一些喷射泵系统(诸如喷射泵100)中,动力流体108可以通过套管116的环空134被注入到流动流中,并且可以单独地或者与生产流体114组合地通过生产导管111生产,所述生产导管111可以沿中心或者以其他方式设置在套管116内或者相对于套管116设置。然而,并不必须是这样的情况并且,可替代地,动力流体108可以以其他方式进入和离开井筒。例如,如在图2中所示,出于说明性目的,在一些喷射泵系统(诸如喷射泵200)中,动力流体108可以通过一个或多个导管202被注入到流动流中,所述一个或多个导管202诸如沿中心(或者以其他方式)设置的油管、管道或其他导管,并且可以单独地或者与生产流体114组合地通过套管216的环空234被生产。继续参考图2,流动液108可以移动通过喷射阀喷嘴204,所述喷射阀喷嘴204可以耦接到诸如喷射泵外壳或其他结构的支撑件206或者以其他方式由其支撑(包括完全或者部分地与其形成整体)。动力流体108可以从喷嘴204移动进入喷射泵载体208,所述喷射泵载体208可以创建低压力区域以便拉动生产流体114通过阀210或者以其他方式进入所述系统的在其中地层流体可以与动力流体混合的部分。如果并且当存在时,这样的混合可以被释放或者以其他方式被引导到环空234中,即,导管202与套管216之间的区域。地层流体、动力流体或者其混合物可以被上行移动或者通过环空234在地面处被生产。应理解,被注入、生产或者以其他方式移动通过井筒的环空的流体可以在油管与套管(例如,图2)之间的空间中移动,或者可替代地移动通过一个或多个导管或者设置在这样的空间中的其他流动路径(例如,图1)。
[0014]将一个或多个喷射泵引入到井系统中可以影响井的设计和操作。例如,在泵送过程期间,可以通过喷射泵的一个或多个部件生成热,所述热可以提升移动通过或者接近此类部件的操作流体的温度。此外,喷射泵可以导致井中的压力变化。在至少一些井系统中,可以在引入喷射泵之后发生的温度和/或压力的改变可以是显著的,诸如通过具有在特定应用的设计、分析或实现中值得考虑的量值。仅出于解释的目的,并且不是以限制的方式,本文呈现的图3和4示出基于根据本公开的井系统的一个实施方案中的喷射泵的存在的变化,所述实施方案是许多实施方案中的一个。例如,图4示出具有和不具有喷射泵存在的许多井系统中的一个的环空和油管中的示例性温度变化。如在附图中所见,油管和环空中的温度可以由沿着井筒的所测量深度设置的喷射泵增加。在这个特定实例中,由于喷射泵的存在,井流体的温度可以在17,000英尺的深度处增加大约40°F。类似地,图3显示油管内部的压力可以在喷射泵的操作期间增加一在本实现中,在17,000英尺的深度处增加大约1100PSI(相对于不存在喷射泵的同一井系统)。当然,仅存在出于清晰和解释的目的而呈现的实例,并且受益于本公开的本领域普通技术人员应理解,井系统的温度、压力或其他特性的变化可以并且可能会随着应用以及井的不同而变化,所述变化单独地或者彼此组合地或者与根据特定应用的一个或多个其他因素组合地取决于许多因素(例如,地层、井深、环境、本文其他地方所论述的其他因素中的一个或多个等)。
[0015]由喷射泵的存在所产生的温度和/或压力的增加可以影响井系统的各种方面,包括成为井的设计和/或建模的基础的方面。例如,喷射泵可以影响一个或多个井筒部件的结构分析,诸如油管、套管或其他部件的压力、应变或其他分析。作为其他实例,喷射泵对井系统的影响可以影响井的陷阱环形压力、井口移动或者其他特性以及相关的分析。可以由喷射泵操作引起的压力和温度变化可以基于特定的喷射泵(可以是任意喷射泵)的说明,并且限定或者以其他方式与相关操作条件相关的各种参数和因素可以有很多。这些参数可以整体地或部分地、单独地或组合地包括,例如,变量(诸如泵进气压力或其他压力)、密度(包括动力流体与所生产的或其他流体之间的密度差)、流动区域、截面区域、FVF、部件效率、面积比率、压力恢复比率、流动比率(包括质量流动比率)、含水量、重力加速度、尺寸(例如,高度、宽度、长度、距离等)、形状、损耗系数(例如,关于吸入损耗或者来自诸如喷嘴、喉部、散射器等的一个或多个部件的损耗)、压力损耗或差、一个或多个流体的流动速率、摩擦力或系数、气油比(GOR)、速度、量值、值或前述中的任一的其他表达或者根据特定应用的其他因素。当然,此列表不是穷尽性的,而仅仅是可在井系统(包括势井)的设计、建模、模拟或者其他可应用分析中考虑的变量和其他方面的说明,在所述井系统中可以或者将利用一个或多个喷射泵。用于确定可以在一个或多个应用中有帮助的喷射泵的性能的一组表达在A.W.Grupping,J.L.R.Coppes&J.G.Groot,1988年2月发表于SPEProductionEngineering第9-14页的FundamentalsofOilwellJetPumping中描述;也可见ClayGriffin,1988年5月发表于SPEProductionEngineering第280页的DiscussionofFundamentalsofOilwellJetPumping;A.W.Grupping,Author’sReplytoDiscussionofFundamentalsofOilwellJetPumping,Id。
[0016]图5是示出根据本公开的分析系统和方法的许多实施方案中的一个的流程图。图6示出根据本公开的用户界面的许多实施方案中的一个。图7示出根据本公开的用户界面的许多实施方案中的另一个。将结合彼此来描述图5-7。在本发明的至少一个实施方案中,这是许多实施方案中的一个,可以提供一种用于模拟用于包括喷射泵的井的完井生产系统的方法。可以提供一个或多个计算机模型,所述计算机模型中的至少一个可以考虑喷射泵(可以是任意喷射泵或其组合)对井的设计和/或性能可以具有的一个或多个影响。计算或计算机模型通常涉及可以模拟系统的行为并且可以允许用户分析所述系统的行为的数学模型,所述系统的行为诸如井的热度、应力和/或负荷。本发明的方法和系统可以但并不必须被并入到用于分析井系统的现有(或者未来开发的)软件包,诸如可以使工程师或其他用户能够建模或以其他方式分析井系统的一个或多个方面以便获取用于特定井系统的正确井完整性和最佳成本构造的一个或两者的程序,所述特定的井系统可以是任意井系统。
[0017]现在参考图5,示出根据一个实施方案的流程图。系统500通常可以包括用于对井系统的一个或多个方面建模的一个或多个模块和一个或多个计算引擎,其可以包括用于允许用户和计算机系统交互的一个或多个用户界面(如下文进一步所描述的)。系统500可以适应于分析或者以其他方式考虑(包括允许或者使用户能够这样做)根据特定井系统应用的任意数量的因素中的一个或多个,例如像,热流动、应力分析和/或井负荷(例如,陷阱环形压力和井口移动)。系统500可以是或者包括例如扩展的用户界面(UI)的所有或者部分,所述扩展的用户界面(UI)用于计算诸如热流动、应力和井负荷的因素,以便准确地或者以其他方式并入将喷射泵并入为完井生产系统的一部分的影响,所述完井生产系统可以是任意生产系统。在本发明的至少一个实施方案中,所述实施方案是许多实施方案中的一个,系统500可以包括用于建模、预测或者以其他方式分析井系统的一个或多个特性的生产模块502,所述特性诸如一个或多个生产特性。例如,生产模块502可以适应于分析生产的一个或多个阶段期间的一个或多个生产条件,诸如生产温度、生产压力或者其他生产条件。这些阶段可以包括可以发生在生产期间的许多事件中的任一个,所述事件包括,例如,循环事件、生产事件、注入操作以及其他操作。在至少一个实施方案中,生产模块502可以包括一个或多个井系统的机械构造的定义(可以包括集合或者其他多个定义),诸如基于井的所有已知(包括假定的)特性的定义。例如,井系统定义可以包括套管、钻孔、流体、未经干扰的或其他温度、油管或其他导管的定义,或者其他定义,诸如本文所描述的其他因素、参数或变量中的任意一个或多个的定义或者与其相关的定义。每个井系统定义可以单独地或组合地、整体地或部分地基于由特定的应用所需要的任意数量的因素或定义。在系统500的至少一个或多个其他实施方案中,生产模块502不需要包括一个或多个井系统定义,并且可替代地可以从一个或多个其他模块收集这样的定义,诸如通过访问一个或多个其他模块或者以其他方式与一个或多个其他模块通信。例如,一个或多个井系统定义可以被包括在用于限定井系统的一个或多个物理方面的机械构造模型501A中,在用于分析钻探操作期间的井系统的一个或多个方面的钻探模块501B中,或者在根据系统500可以利用的特定应用或软件系统的其他模块中。
[0018]系统500可以包括用于与系统的一个或多个其他部件相配合以便分析具有喷射泵的井系统的一个或多个特性的喷射泵模块504。喷射泵模块504可以诸如通过作为生产模块502的子模块整体地或部分地并入到生产模块502中。但是并不必须是这样的情况,并且喷射泵模块504可以可替代地整体地或部分地与模块502分离,并且适应于由模块502和/或系统的其他部分访问或者以其他方式与模块502和/或系统的其他部分相配合。在本发明的至少一个实施方案中,喷射泵模块504可以是或者包括一个或多个喷射泵的计算机实现的模型,或者限定一个或多个喷射泵特性的任意其他组的数据或其他定义。喷射泵模块504可以包括单个喷射泵的定义或者多个喷射泵中的每个的定义,所述喷射泵可以或者可能用于或者包括在一个或多个井系统中。可替代地,喷射泵模块504可以包括一个或多个喷射泵定义的部分。以这些方式,喷射泵模块504可以将一个或多个喷射泵操作的定义添加到生产操作对话。每个喷射泵定义可以单独地或组合地、整体地或部分地包括根据特定的应用或实现的任意数量的参数,例如像,喷射泵名称或者其他标识(ID)、喷射泵位置(例如,深度)、动力或其他流体流动流、注入流动流、排放流动流、混合位置、生产流动流、温度(例如,入口温度、出口温度、注入温度、流体温度、井筒温度、地层温度或其他温度)、流动速率(例如,动力流体或生产流体流动速率)、流体组合物、部件或井筒特性(例如,其尺寸、区域、材料、直径、速率),或者其他因素,诸如压力、时间、经过的时间或者本文所描述的其他因素、参数或变量的任意一个或者多个。
[0019]系统500可以包括用于计算一个或多个所选择操作的一个或多个计算引擎506(总称为“计算引擎506”)。在至少一个实施方案中,鉴于一组可选择的分析选项中的任一个,诸如瞬时或稳态条件或者作为另一实例的热流动模拟选项,计算引擎506可以适应于计算一个或多个操作。鉴于可以包括在系统500的一个或多个模块中的一个或多个井筒或其他井系统的构造(诸如上文所描述的那些),计算引擎506可以执行一个或多个计算或其他操作。如同系统500的其他模块一样,井系统的构造可以但并不必须通过一个或多个用户界面限定,所述一个或多个用户界面可以包括GUI或其他界面,如本文其他地方进一步描述的。系统500可以适应于单独地或组合地、整体地或部分地生成一个或多个输出结果,例如像,包括井筒流体(例如,在油管和/或环空中)和柱(油管和套管等)、温度、压力、流体流动速率和速度、密度、塑性粘度或产率点,或者诸如液体藏量或流动状态的其他输出的输出结果。这样的输出可以在用户界面处表示,例如像,以单个、多个或者其他文本、总结、曲线、图表或报告的形式,这些可以包括可以由用户使用、理解或接收的平面文件、xml文挡或者其他文件或材料的生成。系统500可以包括用于使用、显示或者以其他方式传达一个或多个输出的一个或多个输出模块508(总称为“输出模块508”)。输出模块508可以包括特定应用所需要的任意类型或数量的输出模块,例如像,用于包括一个或多个喷射泵的井系统的最终或其他生产温度和/或压力的输出模块。此外,输出模块508可以包括一个或多个预定的分析模块,诸如一个或多个油管模块510,所述一个或多个油管模块510用于基于根据喷射泵可以对井系统具有的影响的油管的负荷或其他变化执行应力或其他机械分析;或者一个或多个套管模块512,所述一个或多个套管模块512用于基于根据喷射泵可以对井系统具有的影响的套管的负荷或其他变化执行应力或其他机械分析。系统500可以包括用于基于一个或多个输出模块执行一个或多个操作的一个或多个额外的计算引擎506所述一个或多个输出模块包括与喷射泵或喷射泵操作相关的信息或者基于喷射泵或喷射泵操作的信息。例如,计算引擎可以根据如上文描述的套管或油管模块计算一个或多个条件,所述套管或油管模块包括诸如初始或其他套管和/或油管座放、负荷或其他机械条件的信息。这样的情况可以同样地由一个或多个输出模块508表示或者以其他方式被包括在一个或多个输出模块508中,包括被传达到系统分析模块514以便基于系统500的其他模块分析一个或多个系统特性。系统分析模块514可以包括,例如,用于建模或者以其他方式分析单个或多个管柱井系统的一个或多个特性的模块,所述特性例如像环形流体膨胀、井口移动或者其他生产操作条件。再进一步,系统500可以包括一个或多个其他计算引擎506,诸如用于基于系统分析模块514中的信息执行一个或多个计算或操作。在至少一个实施方案中,所述实施方案是许多实施方案中的一个,这样的计算引擎506可以将一个或多个结果传达到又一输出模块508,诸如用于显示或者以其他方式分析环形压力恢复(APB)的输出模块。以这样方式,并且如受益于申请人的公开的普通技术人员应理解的,系统500可以考虑在井系统中操作的一个或多个喷射泵的特性,并且使用这些特性来建模、估计、模拟或者以其他方式确定喷射泵诸如在工作流过程中可以对井系统具有的影响。这些影响可以包括但不限于,对生产温度、生产压力、油管应力、套管应力、流体膨胀、井口移动、井系统的负荷和/或其他方面(诸如单个和多个陷阱环形压力恢复)的影响。
[0020]如上文所提及的,系统500的每个部件可以被包括在诸如扩展的用户界面的界面中。这样,系统500的可以是任意模块的每个模块可以包括一个或多个图形界面,所述图形界面用于允许用户将井的一个或多个因素输入到系统中。以实例的形式,所述实例是许多实例中的一个,图6示出根据本发明的一个实施方案的说明性图形用户界面(“GUI”)600。在这样的实施方案中,GUI600可以是对话界面,所述对话界面用于允许工程师或其他用户单独地或者彼此组合地或者与其他事件组合地输入与一个或多个事件或部件相关的各种信息,诸如关于钻探、生产或其他操作事件的定义。GUI600可以显示和/或提供一个或多个变量或者其他信息的输入(无论是手动地还是原先存在地,单独地还是组合地),诸如在一个或多个图形、空白或空间(为了便利和解释的目的,下文被称为“框”)中。例如,在框602中,识别信息可以被提供用于一个或多个可用的或其他喷射泵,诸如可以用于一个或多个井或者这些井中的任一个的模型或其他分析的喷射泵。在框604中,模型可以是关于与喷射泵相关的构造、这样的生产油管、环空或者其他构造的给定信息。在框606中,关于一个或多个操作的信息可以被输入到模型和/或被显示。例如,参考根据特定实施方案的操作,可以提供关于一个或多个流动路径的信息,诸如流动路径的大小或类型或者沿着流动路径流动的流体或其他材料的类型。例如,如在GUI600的示例性实施方案中所示出的,所述示例性实施方案是许多实施方案中的一个,生产流动路径可以包括流动通过生产油管的生产流体(例如,石油、天然气、水、混合物等),并且注入流动路径可以包括流动通过环空的注入流体(例如,水、混合物等),所述环空诸如在围绕生产油管或者设置在井下的另一导管的空间中(例如,位于油管与套管之间)。然而并不必须是这样的情况,并且其他构造是可能的并且可以被包括在GUI600中或者以其他方式由GUI600虑及。例如,生产流可以通过环空并且注入流可以通过油管。诸如通过GUI600的模型还可以考虑系统的一个或多个部件的大小,诸如生产油管和/或一个或多个其他流动部件的大小608。为了说明性目的,示例性生产油管的大小608被示出为31/2”,但是并不必须是这样的情况,并且大小608当然可以是对应油管或其他部件的特定应用所需要的任意大小。还可以(或者可替代地)通过GUI600提供一个或多个其他信息项目。例如,在框610中,可以提供关于可以如何实施模型的信息,诸如可以运行模型的条件。此类条件可以包括但不限于,瞬时条件、稳态条件或者其他条件,并且可以包括其他条件或操作信息的一个或多个分类,诸如先前操作的处理(例如,未经干扰或者以其他方式被处理),如出于示例性目的在框612中示出的。GUI600(和/或根据本公开的其他GUI)可以但是并不必须还包括一个或多个其他功能或选项,其诸如用于接受、取消、复制、重置、更详细地显示,或者以其他方式单独地或者彼此组合地或与其他功能组合地操纵显示在GUI中的信息,所述其他功能诸如用于提供对指令的或者其他材料或信息的访问的帮助按钮。
[0021]本发明的至少一个实施方案可以包括其他界面,所述其他界面用于单独地或者与本文其他地方描述的界面中的一个或多个组合地限定、建模、评估或者以其他方式分析具有喷射泵的井系统。例如,如用于示例性目在图7中示出的,系统500可以包括GUI700,所述GUI700用于输入、接受、应用、显示或者以其他方式处理或操纵与喷射泵(这可以是或者包括任意喷射泵)相关的一个或多个细节或变量(例如,操作条件或参数)。例如,在框702中,可以提供关于一个或多个压力的信息,诸如喷射泵的操作压力。在框704中,可以输入关于喷射泵可以安装或者放置在井中的深度的信息。在框706-712中,可以单独地或者彼此组合地提供关于喷射泵系统的其他方面的信息,例如像,关于(包括用于下述内容的数值)入口温度、动力流体的注入速率、喷射泵喷嘴直径以及喷嘴到喉部面积比率,或者其他数据。还可以通过GUI700提供其他信息(如果适用),诸如在框714中的一个或多个持续时间,和/或在框716中的上文提及的参数中的一个或多个可以存在的位置,诸如在井口处或者井筒内或者相对于井筒的另一位置。关于喷射泵的性能的这样的信息中的任一个或所有可以由系统500计算或者以其他方式并入到系统500中,这可以包括被并入到计算机模型中。可以包括类似的或其他对话框,以允许单独地或者彼此组合地或者与一个或多个其他参数组合地、整体地或部分地输入关于模型的一个或多个实施方案的额外信息,例如像,井机械构造、地面测量深度参考(例如,所测量的深度)、旋转方钻杆补心(“RKB”)、平均海平面、水深度、井总深度、井套管和/或油管管柱构造、钻井液、封隔器/完井流体、胶结间隔、洋流、和温度曲线(例如,未经干扰的)的描述。此外,应理解,本文所描述或者以其他方式提到的每个“框”可以包括特定应用所需要的任意数量的框,诸如2、3、4、5、6...n个框,如果需要或者以其他方式期望,这些框可以包括一个或多个子框。类似地,应理解,每个框可以但并不必须出现在单个GUI上,并且可替代地(或者共同地)一个或多个组合的框(可以是任意框)可以在单个GUI上示出。还应理解,不是每个框可以被特定应用需要,并且如果一个或多个框不被需要,那么这样的框可以但并不必须被示出、取消、隐藏或者以其他方式设置。
[0022]作为其他实例,鉴于操作的一个或多个阶段,可以包括对话框以允许输入关于模型的一个或多个实施方案的额外信息。例如,在钻探阶段期间,一个或多个GUI可以提供钻探操作细节的描述,诸如从未经干扰的井条件、钻探操作事件(例如,钻探、测井、循环、脱扣、将套管下入钻孔中、胶结操作)的序列、操作经过的时间、钻井液和/或流动速率,以及其他事物。作为另一实例,在生产阶段期间,一个或多个GUI可以提供生产操作细节的描述,从未经打扰的井条件、生产事件(例如,循环、关井、生产、注入、气举)的序列、所生产的流体类型(例如,单个、多阶段、黑油、冷凝物)的细节、储层穿孔深度、穿孔处所生产的流体温度、生产速率(石油、天然气、水和/或等效的GOR)以及其他事物。
[0023]可以以任意方式执行在系统500的模块和其他部件之间提供或分享历史或其他数据和信息,所述方式允许部件在操作期间访问它。在一个实施方案中,可以手动输入历史数据,例如,通过在包含或者访问被实施为计算模型的系统500的计算机上实现的合适的图形用户界面。在另一实施方案中,数据可以存储在合适的存储介质上,诸如硬盘、CDROM、闪存驱动器或者可以由执行计算模型的处理器访问或读取的其他介质。例如,数据可以以可由模型访问的Excel电子表格的形式存储。在又一实施方案中,数据可以存储在具有独立于执行计算模型的计算机处理器的计算机处理器的计算机系统上。例如,可以通过配置在客户端-服务器架构中的系统提供数据,其中所述数据可以存储在服务器计算机上,所述服务器计算机可以通过网络由在客户端计算机处理器上运行的计算模型访问。在又一实施方案中,计算模型可以通过因特网或者通过分布式计算或云计算架构访问远程计算机上的数据。作为一个实例,对于给定的地理区域中的项目来说,网络服务(其中数据存储在计算机服务器上)可以由客户端计算机通过因特网访问。客户端计算机还可以是建模计算机,或者其可以简单地检索数据以用于由建模计算机稍后访问。访问数据可以包括过滤输入来缩小来源的范围以便获取所需要的喷射泵或者喷射泵操作数据。过滤选项可以包括喷射泵ID或者其他特性,诸如大小、动力、限制、流动速率等。计算模型可以整体地或者部分地消耗和/或分析如特定的应用所需要的数据。
[0024]用于模拟、建模或者以其他方式分析井系统的方法,诸如计算机实现的方法,可以包括提供适应于限定井系统的机械或其他构造的井系统模型,诸如基于一个或多个输入参数。方法可以包括提供包括限定一个或多个喷射泵的一个或多个喷射泵模型的喷射泵模块,并且提供至少一个计算引擎。方法可以包括输入一个或多个输入参数,限定井系统的机械构造,选择一个或多个喷射泵模型,将一个或多个喷射泵模型集成到井系统模型中,以及计算模型的一个或多个解决方案。方法可以包括确定井系统的至少一个或多个生产条件,诸如生产条件或者基于喷射泵的一个或多个影响的生产条件的变化。方法可以包括确定多个生产条件,或者生产条件中的变化,诸如一个或多个温度、压力或者温度和压力的组合。喷射泵模块可以包括多个喷射泵模型,所述多个喷射泵模型可以各自限定不同的喷射泵,并且方法可以包括从喷射泵模块选择至少一个喷射泵模型,诸如通过选择多个喷射泵模型中的一个或多个,这可以包括从在图形用户界面中显示或者被显示为图形用户界面的列表选择模型。方法可以包括创建喷射泵模型,这可以包括限定一个或多个喷射泵输入参数,诸如压力、深度、入口温度、注入速率、喷嘴直径、喉部直径、喷嘴到喉部面积比率或者它们中的任意两个或更多个的组合。井模型可以单独地或者组合地包括一个或多个其他模型或模块,诸如套管模型、套管模块、油管模型或油管模块,并且方法可以包括对模型或模块执行一个或多个分析或者使用模型或模块,诸如应力分析、应变分析、负荷分析、热流动分析、压力分析、移动分析或者其他分析。方法可以包括确定井系统部件或其模型在一个或多个生产条件下的状态,诸如应力、温度、压力、机械、负荷或者其他状态,并且可以包括计算井系统的至少一个部件的负荷条件或者井系统的任意部分的模型。方法可以包括将至少一个生产条件并入到一个或多个其他条件、变量或者变量组的计算中,诸如环形流体膨胀、井口移动、环形压力恢复、其组合、它们中的任一的状态或条件或者与前述中的任一相关的一个或多个数值。用于模拟、建模或者以其他方式分析井系统的系统可以包括适应于执行本文所公开的方法步骤中的一个或多个的计算机系统。系统可以单独地或者组合地包括特定应用所需要的任意部件,例如像,存储器、处理器、显示器或者诸如动力和冷却部件的其他部件。一种计算机可读介质可以具有存储在其上的指令,所述指令在由处理器执行时可以致使所述处理器执行一种方法,所述方法包括:访问井系统模型,所述井系统模型可以限定井系统的机械构造;访问喷射泵模型,所述喷射泵模型可以限定喷射泵的构造;集成喷射泵模型和井系统模型,诸如以便创建组合的模型或者组合的井系统模型;计算模型的一个或多个解决方案,诸如组合的模型;以及确定井系统的一个或多个生产条件。一个或多个模型可以基于一个或多个输入参数,诸如一个或多个限定的输入。在计算机可读介质上,至少一个生产条件可以是生产温度、生产压力和其组合中的一个或多个,并且喷射泵模型可以是喷射泵模块内的多个喷射泵模型中的一个,诸如其中多个喷射泵模型中的每个可以限定不同的喷射泵。计算机可读介质可以包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令在由处理器执行时可以致使所述处理器提示或者允许用户限定一个或多个喷射泵输入参数,诸如通过一个或多个GUI或者其他界面。喷射泵输入参数可以包括压力、深度、入口温度、注入速率、喷嘴直径、喉部直径、喷嘴到喉部面积比率以及其组合中的一个或多个。计算机可读介质可以包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令在由处理器执行时可以致使所述处理器:在至少一个生产条件下对套管模型和油管模型中的至少一个执行应力分析,在受到喷射泵影响的至少一个生产条件下对井的一个或多个部件执行井筒热流动、应力和井负荷分析中的一个或多个,或者在一个或多个生产条件下计算井系统的至少一个部件的负荷条件。
[0025]在不脱离申请人的发明的精神的情况下,可以设想利用上文描述的本发明的一个或多个方面的其他和进一步的实施方案。例如,本文所公开的系统和方法可以被单独使用或者形成另一建模、模拟或者其他分析系统的一个或多个部分。此外,可以包括工作流系统的彼此组合的各种方法和实施方案以便产生所公开的方法和实施方案的变形。单数元件的论述可以包括多个元件,并且反之亦然。参考至少一个项目随后参考所述项目可以包括一个或多个项目。此外,实施方案的各种方面可以彼此结合来使用以便实现本公开的所理解目标。除非上下文另有要求,否则词语“包括(comprise)”或者诸如“包括(comprises)”或“包括(comprising)”的变型应理解为暗示包括至少所陈述的元件或步骤或者元件或步骤的群组或者其等效物,但不排除更大数值的数量或者任何其他元件或步骤或者元件或步骤的群组或者其等效物。设备或者系统可以被用在许多方向和取向中。除非另有明确限制,步骤的顺序可以发生在各种序列中。本文所描述的各种步骤可以与其他步骤组合,被插入所陈述的步骤,和/或分成多个步骤。类似地,元件已经被功能性地描述并且可以被实施为单独的部件或者可以被组合到具有多个功能的部件中。
[0026]已经在优选及其他实施方案的上下文中描述了本发明,并且没有描述本发明的每个实施方案。本领域普通技术人员可以对所描述的实施方案进行明显的修改和变更。所公开和未公开的实施方案不旨在限制或者约束由申请人构想的本发明的范围或者应用性,而是相反,根据专利法,申请人旨在完全保护落入所附权利要求的等效物的范围(scope)或者范围(range)内的所有这样的修改以及改进。