English:
[0002] The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to phosphorescent organic materials used in such devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to phosphorescent emitting materials with improved electroluminescent efficiency when incorporated into an OLED.
[0004] Opto-electronic devices that make use of organic materials are becoming increasingly desirable for a number of reasons. Many of the materials used to make such devices are relatively inexpensive, so organic opto-electronic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices. In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate. Examples of organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials may have performance advantages over conventional materials. For example, the wavelength at which an organic emissive layer emits light may generally be readily tuned with appropriate dopants.
[0005] As used herein, the term "organic" includes polymeric materials as well as small molecule organic materials that maybe used to fabricate organic opto-electronic devices. "Small molecule" refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and "small molecules" may actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group as a substituent does not remove a molecule from the "small molecule" class. Small molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone. Small molecules may also serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of a series of chemical shells built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter. A dendrimer may be a "small molecule," and it is believed that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are small molecules, hi general, a small molecule has a well-defined chemical formula with a single molecular weight, whereas a polymer has a chemical formula and a molecular weight that may vary from molecule to molecule.
[0006] OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials and configurations are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0007] OLED devices are generally (but not always) intended to emit light through at least one of the electrodes, and one or more transparent electrodes may be useful in an organic opto-electronic device. For example, a transparent electrode material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), may be used as the bottom electrode. A transparent top electrode, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,7 '45, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, may also be used. For a device intended to emit light only through the bottom electrode, the top electrode does not need to be transparent, and may be comprised of a thick and reflective metal layer having a high electrical conductivity. Similarly, for a device intended to emit light only through the top electrode, the bottom electrode may be opaque and / or reflective. Where an electrode does not need to be transparent, using a thicker layer may provide better conductivity, and using a reflective electrode may increase the amount of light emitted through the other electrode, by reflecting light back towards the transparent electrode. Fully transparent devices may also be fabricated, where both electrodes are transparent. Side emitting OLEDs may also be fabricated, and one or both electrodes may be opaque or reflective in such devices.
[0008] As used herein, "top" means furthest away from the substrate, while "bottom" means closest to the substrate. For example, for a device having two electrodes, the bottom electrode is the electrode closest to the substrate, and is generally the first electrode fabricated. The bottom electrode has two surfaces, a bottom surface closest to the substrate, and a top surface further away from the substrate. Where a first layer is described as "disposed over" a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layer, unless it is specified that the first layer is "in physical contact with" the second layer. For example, a cathode may be described as "disposed over" an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.
[000189] PEDOT:PSS : an aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with polystyrenesulfonate (PSS)

中文:
[0002]本发明涉及有机发光器件(OLED),和更具体地涉及用于这样的器件的磷光有机材料。更具体地,本发明涉及当引入OLED时具有改进的电致发光效率的磷光发射材料。
[0004]使用有机材料的光电子器件由于许多原因渐增地是所需的。用于制备这样器件的许多材料相对便宜,故有机光电子器件具有相对于无机器件的成本优点的潜力。此外,有机材料的固有性能,如它们的柔韧性可使它们非常适于特定应用如在柔性衬底上制造。有机光电子器件的例子包括有机发光器件(OLED),有机光电晶体管,有机光电池,和有机光检测器。对于OLED,有机材料可具有相对于常规材料的性能优点。例如,在其下发射层发射光的波长可通常容易地由适当的掺杂剂调节。
[0005]在此使用的术语“有机”包括可用于制造有机光电子器件的聚合物材料以及小分子有机材料。“小分子”表示不是聚合物的任何有机材料,和“小分子”实际上可以是相当大的。小分子在一些情况下可包括重复单元。例如,使用长链烷基作为取代基并不从“小分子”类别去除分子。小分子也可以引入聚合物中,例如作为聚合物主链上的侧基或作为主链的一部分。小分子也可用作树枝状聚合物的核部分,该树枝状聚合物由在核部分上建立的一系列壳组成。树枝状聚合物的核部分可以是荧光或磷光小分子发射体。树枝状聚合物可以是“小分子”和相信目前用于OLED领域的所有树枝状聚合物是小分子。通常,小分子具有确定较好的化学式与单一分子量,而聚合物的化学式和分子量可从一个分子到另一个变化。
[0006]OLED利用薄有机膜,当穿过器件施加电压时该有机膜发射光。OLED逐渐成为用于如平板显示器,照明和背光应用的感兴趣的技术。几种OLED材料和结构描述于U.S.专利No.5,844,363,No.6,303,238和No.5,707,745中,该文献在此全文引入作为参考。
[0007]OLED器件通常(但不总是)希望通过至少一个电极发射光,和一个或多个透明电极可用于有机光电子器件。例如,透明电极材料,如氧化铟锡(ITO)可以用作底部电极。也可以使用,如公开于U.S.专利No.5,703,436和No.5,707,745的透明顶部电极,该文献全文引入作为参考。对于希望仅通过底部电极发射光的器件,顶部电极不需要是透明的,和可以由具有高电导率的厚和反射金属层组成。相似地,对于仅希望通过顶部电极发射光的器件,底部电极可以是不透明和/或反射的。在电极不需要是透明的情况下,使用更厚的层可提供更好的电导率,和通过反射光回到透明电极,使用反射电极可增加通过其它电极发射的光数量。也可以制造完全透明器件,其中两个电极是透明的。也可以制造侧发射OLED,和在这样的器件中一个或两个电极可以是不透明或反射的。
[0008]在此使用的“顶部”表示离衬底最远,而“底部”表示最接近衬底。例如,对于含有两个电极的器件,底部电极是最接近衬底的电极,和通常是最先制造的电极。底部电极含有两个表面,最接近衬底的底表面,和离衬底远的顶表面。在第一层描述在“布置在”第二层上的情况下,第一层离衬底远布置。除非规定第一层与第二层“物理接触”,在第一和第二层之间可以存在其它层。例如,阴极可以描述为“布置在”阳极上,即使在其间存在各种有机层。
[000189]PEDOT:PSS:聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)与聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)的含水分散体