Office Action 1: Notice of Allowance (2025-05-19)

CLAIMS:
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1\. A tracking and adaptive compensation method for power fluctuation of a pulse load of a ship, the tracking and adaptive compensation method comprising:
based on a microgrid topology model of the ship, a pulse load model of the pulse load, and an interharmonic power and pulse parameter relationship model, performing power fluctuation tracking, frequency selection and a power spectrum analysis to obtain filtering parameters of a low-pass filter and filtering parameters of a band-pass filter;
performing waveform adaptation to eliminate a phase delay caused by the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter, and obtaining a control command for a power compensation strategy;
and generating, by a power loop, a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control a switching tube in a bidirectional direct current (DC)/DC converter of each of an energy storage battery pack and a supercapacitor of a hybrid energy storage system;wherein the microgrid topology model of the ship comprises: a diesel generator, multiple loads connected in parallel to a DC bus through converters, and the hybrid energy storage system comprising the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor; the diesel generator is connected to the DC bus through an alternating current (AC)/DC rectifier converter and is configured to supply power to the DC bus; each of the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor is connected to the DC bus through the bidirectional DC/DC converter and is controlled by the bidirectional DC/DC converter; the multiple loads comprise a propulsion load, the pulse load, and a daily use load; and a power consumption of the propulsion load and the pulse load accounts for a majority of a power consumption of the propulsion load, the pulse toad, and the daily use load;
wherein the pulse load model comprises a controlled current source (CCS) used to equivalently replace a surge current, a control signal of the CCS is composed of a pulse square wave, a pulse period of the pulse square wave represents a change frequency of the pulse load, a pulse power of the pulse square wave represents a maximum impact amplitude of the pulse load, and a pulse duty cycle of the pulse square wave represents a duration ratio of a peak power of the pulse load;wherein the interharmonic power and SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3070.207 se parameter relationship model refers to a relationship between three pulse parameters and an interharmonic power shock generated during operation of the pulse load, the interharmonic power and pulse parameter relationship model is obtained through formula derivation and theoretical analysis, the three pulse parameters consist of a pulse power of the pulse load, a pulse duty ratio of the pulse load and a pulse period of the pulse load, and an interharmonic oscillation component is expressed as follows:SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3171.317Vm-Wk-SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.2671.56t+ where ena represents a spectral amplitude at a frequency of noo,C0 represents an angular frequency of the pulse load, k represents a conversion coefficient, and n is a positive integer;
wherein a ratio of the peak power amplitude of the interharmonic to an average total power value Ptotal of an integrated power system of the ship is expressed as follows:P0 P0so=" \*100%=P"\*100% , and the average total power value Potaz of the integrated power ata/PM+p system of the ship is decomposed into an average power PM of a propulsion motor and an average power P of the pulse load;wherein the performing power fluctuation tracking and frequency selection comprises:predicting and calculating approximate fluctuation amplitudes and frequencies of the interharmonic power generated at the diesel generator according to an amplitude ratio of the interharmonic power at each of the frequencies, and obtaining a fluctuation frequency curve f"(x)SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1530.627(x-no)2 , where n is a positive integer and a value range of n is E.oSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1330.613),
and the fluctuation frequency curvefn(x) and an amplitude limiting curvefim(x) are combined to make A (x) =Am (x) , to thereby obtain spectral overrun ranges fcLow and fc;ig2 wherein a fluctuation range redundancy is added according to a fluctuation decline rate at an intersection of the fluctuation frequency curvef(x) and the amplitude limiting curvefim(x) to the spectral overrun rangesfacLow andft0 update the Spectral Overrun rangesfncLow andf, where Kcom represents a compensation coefficient;
wherein respond and track are performed as per the spectral overrun rangesfncLow andfncxigh calculated according to the above formula after an interharmonic power shock of the pulse load occurs, which reduces the shock of the pulse load on the integrated power system of the ship; and
wherein the performing power spectrum analysis comprises: using the power spectrum analysis to monitor the power fluctuation of the pulse load in real time, correcting the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter according to results of the power spectrum analysis, and after adaptive compensation for a power change of the pulse load is realized, confirming the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter by two analysismethods: the spectral overrun ranges fncLow and fncmigh are obtained according to the results of the power spectrum analysis, and the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter are determined according to the results of the power spectrum analysis and results of a fluctuation range analysis.
SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1530.45SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1530.45SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.7572.15
2\. The tracking and adaptive compensationmethod for the power fluctuation of the pulse load of the ship as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
constructing the microgrid topology model of the ship and the pulse load model of the pulse load; andconstructing the interharmonic power and pulse parameter relationship model, comprising:performing quantitative relationship analysis between the power fluctuation amplitude and the three pulse parameters, wherein loading of the pulse load causes an interharmonic power impact on the integrated power system of the ship, spectral analysis is performed on pulse square wave to obtain an amplitude after Fourier analysis of the pulse square wave, and a formula of a spectral distribution of the interharmonic of the pulse load is expressed as follows:3F1z\- Er f(t)ei"C'dt=-\[2 =- T -2 T where n =0,+1,±2 , T represents the period of the pulse square wave, r represents output time of a pulse peak of the pulse square wave, E represents the pulse peak, andSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.5132.593SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.380.427SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.330.787SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.070.177Q represents an angular frequency, wherein based on a preset pulse control signal, the pulse period, the pulse power, and the pulse duty cycle of the pulse load model are substituted into theformula to obtain the spectrum distribution of the interharmonic of the pulse load:F-PDSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3230.787Psin(nxDSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.2430.127"-r''nTC performing interharmonic analysis of influence of the pulse load on the diesel generator based on an instantaneous power theory according to the following formulas:SVG {EMBED HERE} 1.1670.323/GiVSlfSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.9772.7371Ssin JVsinVsinlia=yIsinSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.9932.74in= Isin i=\_IsinSVG {EMBED HERE} 1.170.067where Vn represents an effective value of a voltage of an n-times frequency pulse interharmonic, In represents an effective value of a current of the n-times frequency pulse interharmonic, con represents an angular frequency of the n-times frequency pulse interhannonic, # represents a phase angle of the voltage of the n-times frequency pulse interharmonic, and SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1230.123 represents a phase angle of the current of the n-times frequency pulse interharmonic; wherein instantaneous three-phase voltages and currents are transformed by using a CLARK transformation to a two-phase coordinate system to obtain va,v,tn, and i' ; in an instantaneous power theory, an instantaneous active power p and a reactive power q are obtained through a 4formula expressed as follows: where each of the instantaneous active power p and the reactive power q is composed of a constant average power component and an interharmonic oscillation component; a power compensation focuses on the instantaneous active power, therefore, only the instantaneous active power is analyzed to obtain the constant average power component p=EX\[13VI7cos(#,-s) and the interharmonic oscillation component p(t)=w3VmIncos\[(m-n+)t+(Pm-, that is to say, when all interharmonic components in instantaneous three-phase voltages and instantaneous three-phase currents have a same frequency, the constant average power component 7 is generated, when all interharmonic components in the instantaneous three-phase voltages and the instantaneous three-phase currents have different frequencies, the interharmonic oscillation component p(t) is generated, and the interharmonic oscillation component p(t) is a power impact to be compensated;SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3871.037SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.390.353SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3870.717suppressing voltage fluctuation through an excitation and speed regulation system, the voltage fluctuation is much smaller than a current fluctuation, wherein when m=1, an amplitude of the voltage fluctuation corresponding to a ftmdamental frequency is much greater than a multiplied frequency component; for the interharmonic oscillation component p(t), effect of superposition of a fundamental voltage component with all non-synchronous current fluctuations is considered; and the influence of the three pulse parameters of the pulse load is substituted into the fonnula of the interhannonic oscillation component to obtain the interharmonic oscillation component:SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3172.3232nwrlp(t)=PL-T)t+( real-time sampling and analyzing a power spectrum of the diesel generator, wherein a longer time window is used fosr measuring the average power to ensure accurate low-frequency calculation, and the longer time window is applied to compute a frequency content below 1 Hz; a result of the average power serves as a base of a normalized fluctuation amplitude for percentage calculation; a shorter time window is used to calculate a frequency content at and above 1 Hz; the shorter time window is designed as a rolling window to ensure that transient events are not 5 missed; and a Kaiser-Bessel window is used to achieve rapid initial decay of a side lobe response;
performing tracking and adaptive compensation of the interharmonic power; and
receiving, by the bidirectional DC/DC converter, a control command of the power compensation strategy to change a current direction, and realizing a charge and discharge control of the hybrid energy storage system and a bidirectional flow of energy of the hybrid energy storage system.
3\. The tracking and adaptive compensation method for the power fluctuation of the pulse load of the ship as claimed inclaim 2, wherein the performing tracking and adaptive compensation of the interharmonic power comprises:analyzing a fluctuation range and calculating the filtering parameters, wherein an electric power grid of the ship is configured to limit an instantaneous harmonic power impact on the diesel generator being less than an amplitude limiting curve fm(x) at any single frequency from 0.01 Hz to 2 kHz; the average power is an average of a three-phase instantaneous power after Fourier analysis under the longer time window; an interharmonic power fluctuation is defined as an amplitude ratio of an interharmonic power at each frequency; the approximate fluctuation amplitudes and the frequencies of the interharmonic power generated at the diesel generator are predicted and calculated, and the fluctuation frequency curve f, (x) =s,-,(x-SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.130.233 )2 is obtained, where n is a positive integer and the value range of n isSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1570.957 ; the fluctuation frequency curve fn(x) and the amplitude limiting curve fm(x) are combined to make fn (x) =im (x) , to obtain the spectral overrun ranges fcLow and fcHigl; and the fluctuation range redundancy is added according to the fluctuation decline rate at the intersection of the fluctuation frequency curve f(x) and the amplitude limiting curve fiil(x) to the spectral overrun rangesfncLW andfncigh,to update the spectral overrun rangesfncLW andfSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1530.447SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.1330.84SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.342.153+Km,,,Ye2CLOW-n)0) where Kom represents the compensation coefficient analyzing the power spectrum and determining the filtering parameters, wherein the power spectrum analysis is used to monitor the power fluctuation of the pulse load in real time,6 and the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter are corrected according to the results of the power spectrum analysis, and after adaptive compensation for a power change of the pulse load is realized, the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter are confirmed by the twoanalysismethods: the spectral overrun ranges fncLow and fucHigh are obtained according to the results of the power spectrum analysis, and the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter are determined according to the results of the power fe~o=spectrum analysis and results of a fluctuation range -f)'Ifg Iigh =where a and p are weight coefficients, Ki0, and Khigi are reliability coefficients, which are configured to improve the reliability of the fluctuation range analysis; and a power compensation allocation strategy of the hybrid energy storage system is adjusted to achieve the purpose of following and compensating the power fluctuation of the pulse load;SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.4230.737SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.3931.60
eliminating a phase delay, wherein tail data of a filtered waveform is matched with previous data, a matching degree of a tail waveform is calculated based on a formula as follows:p\=SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.4271.323,and N/2 data points with a highest matching degree are selected for continuation to eliminate the phase delay caused by a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, where x(m) represents original data, and y(m) represents filtering historical data;using the low-pass filter in conjunction with the band-pass filter for power distribution, where a battery energy storage system is configured to compensate forlow-frequency components, and the band-pass filter is configured for compensation on a supercapacitor energy storage system, compensation is performed as per formulas as follows:-SVG {EMBED HERE} 1.0572.62SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.7771.36H(s)(s)=) where PLoad represents a power of the pulse load, PG represents a power of the generator, HLn(s) represents a low-pass transfer function, HBn(s) represents a band-pass transfer function, K represents a filter gain, which is set to be 1, xn represents a damping coefficient, aSVG {EMBED HERE} 0.0530.097 represents a low-pass cut-off frequency, won, represents a band-pass center frequency, and n7 represents n-times frequency for the pulse load; the compensated power components respectively distributed to the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor respectively after filtering are obtained as follows: where P obtaining an upper frequency limit and a lower frequency limit according to a frequency division formula, and calculating a to-be-compensated power of the energy storage battery pack and a to-be-compensated power of the supercapacitor.
SVG {EMBED HERE} 0.7832.093
4\. The tracking and adaptive compensationmethod for the power fluctuation of the pulse load of the ship as claimed in claim 2, the receiving, by the bidirectional DC/DC converter, a control command of the power compensation strategy to change a current direction, and realizing a charge and discharge control of the hybrid energy storage system and a bidirectional flow of energy of the hybrid energy storage system comprises:
obtaining a harmonic power to be compensated through the low-pass filter, dividing the harmonic power to be compensated by a battery voltage value Vat to obtain a first result, and performing proportional integral (PI) and amplitude limiting on the first result to obtain a reference compensation current value Ireq;
obtaining, by the supercapacitor, a compensation power through the band-pass filter, dividing the compensation power by a voltage value Vc of the supercapacitor to obtain a second result, and performing PI and amplitude limiting on the second result to obtain a reference current value Icr4; and
comparing the reference compensationcurrent value Ibrefwith a first actual battery output current bat to obtain a first difference value, comparing the reference current value Icref with a second actual battery output current I to obtain a second difference value, performing PI and amplitude limiting on the first and second different values to obtain a process result, generating, by a modulator, the PWM signal based on the process result, to control the switching tube in the bidirectional DC/DC converter of each of the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor,8 so as to realize tracking, timely analysis of power overrun and adaptive compensation of power fluctuation.

5\. A tracking and adaptive compensation system for power fluctuation of a pulse load of a ship, configured to implement the tracking and adaptive compensationmethod as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the tracking and adaptive compensation system comprises: a quantitative relationship unit between interhanonic power and pulse load parameters, a power spectrum analysis unit, a filter parameter adjustment unit, a filter delay elimination unit, and a power loop logic unit;
wherein the quantitative relationship unit between interharmonic power and pulse load parameters is configured to perform formula calculation according to the pulse power of the pulse load, the pulse duty ratio of the pulse load and the pulse period of the pulse load, to obtain fluctuation amplitudes and a frequency range of the interharmnonic power;
wherein the power spectrum analysis unit is configured to perform window function processing and Fourier analysis calculation according to power information at an outlet of the diesel generator to obtain a power spectrum distribution;
wherein the filter parameter adjustment unit is configured to performformula calculation and analysis processing according to the power spectrum distribution obtained by the quantitative relationship unit between the interharmonic power and the pulse load parameters and the power spectrum analysis unit to obtain a power frequency band to be compensated;
wherein the filtering delay elimination unit is configured to perform waveform extension and data adaptation processing according to input historical data of an FIR filter and a window size of the FIR filter, to obtain a result of phase delay elimination; and
wherein the power loop logic unit is configured to: calculate the power loop according to waveform information filtered by the FIR filter, and obtain an output signal compensated by the hybrid energy storage system.9

OFFICE ACTION:
DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA  or AIA  Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Priority
Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55.
Information Disclosure Statement
The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 2/11/25 has been considered by the examiner.
Drawings
The original drawings received on 1/27/2025 are accepted.
Allowable Subject Matter
Claims 1-5 are allowed. The following is an examiner’s statement of reasons for allowance: The prior art does not disclose or suggest, primarily, wherein respond and track are performed as per the spectral overrun ranges fncLow and fncHigh calculated according to the above formula after an interharmonic power shock of the pulse load occurs, which reduces the shock of the pulse load on the integrated power system of the ship; and wherein the performing power spectrum analysis comprises: using the power spectrum analysis to monitor the power fluctuation of the pulse load in real time, correcting the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter according to results of the power spectrum analysis, and after adaptive compensation for a power change of the pulse load is realized, confirming the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter by two analysis methods: the spectral overrun ranges fncLow and fncHigh are obtained according to the results of the power spectrum analysis, and the filtering parameters of the low-pass filter and the band-pass filter are determined according to the results of the power spectrum analysis and results of a fluctuation range analysis.
The aforementioned limitations in combination with all remaining limitations of the respective claims are believed to render the aforementioned indicated claim and any dependent claims thereof patentable over the art of record.
Any comments considered necessary by applicant must be submitted no later than the payment of the issue fee and, to avoid processing delays, should preferably accompany the issue fee.  Such submissions should be clearly labeled “Comments on Statement of Reasons for Allowance.”
Conclusion
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Terriche (A Frequency Independent Technique to Estimate Harmonics and Interharmonics in Shipboard Microgrids) discloses reducing interharmonics. Weaver (US 2021/0119452) discloses powering pulsed loads.



CITED REFERENCE SUMMARIES: Ref US20210119452A1: Claims:
An electrical microgrid, comprising a pulsed power load that provides a load transient to a bus of the electrical microgrid, a bus interface converter having a control input duty cycle that provides an injected current at the bus, an energy storage system that injects a current to the bus interface converter, and a controller that adjusts the control input duty cycle of the bus interface converter to control the injected current at the bus so as to mitigate the load transient from the pulsed power load and maintain a desired load voltage at the bus.
a pulsed power load that provides a load transient to a bus of the electrical microgrid,
a bus interface converter having a control input duty cycle that provides an injected current at the bus,
an energy storage system that injects a current to the bus interface converter, and
a controller that adjusts the control input duty cycle of the bus interface converter to control the injected current at the bus so as to mitigate the load transient from the pulsed power load and maintain a desired load voltage at the bus.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein energy storage system has a baseline energy storage capacity of W u =â(D p â1)D p T p P peak , where D p is a duty cycle, T p is a period, and P peak is a peak value of the pulsed power load.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the injected current is
u = - 2 î¢ ( R + R L ) î¢ ( D P î¢ P p î¢ e î¢ a î¢ k - P î¢ ( t ) ) R î¢ ( Î» 2 î¢ R î¢ v b 2 - 4 î¢ R L î¢ D p î¢ P p î¢ e î¢ a î¢ k î¢ ( R + R L ) ) + Î» î¢ R î¢ v b where R is the converter resistance, R L is the line resistance, Î» is the control input duty cycle, D p is the duty cycle, P peak is the peak value, and P(t) is the time-varying power of the pulsed power load, and v b is the bus voltage.
where R is the converter resistance, R L is the line resistance, Î» is the control input duty cycle, D p is the duty cycle, P peak is the peak value, and P(t) is the time-varying power of the pulsed power load, and v b is the bus voltage.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one of a supercapacitor, flywheel, or battery.
The electrical microgrid of claim 4 , wherein the flywheel acts as a low-pass filter with a high-frequency cut-off.
The electrical microgrid of claim 4 , wherein the battery acts as a low-pass filter with a low-frequency cut-off.
The electrical microgrid of claim 4 , wherein the energy storage system comprises a hybrid battery and flywheel configuration.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage system comprises a spinning mass flywheel and a permanent magnet DC machine and the bus interface converter comprises a buck converter.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage system comprises a battery and the bus interface converter comprises a boost converter.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage system acts as a low-pass filter that decouples a high-frequency portion of the load transient from the bus.
The electrical microgrid of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage system has a cut-off frequency and the cut-off frequency is sufficiently high to maintain a constant regulated load voltage.
Ref US20210119452: Claims:
1. An electrical microgrid, comprising
a pulsed power load that provides a load transient to a bus of the electrical microgrid, a bus interface converter having a control input duty cycle that provides an injected current at the bus, an energy storage system that injects a current to the bus interface converter, and a controller that adjusts the control input duty cycle of the bus interface converter to control the injected current at the bus so as to mitigate the load transient from the pulsed power load and maintain a desired load voltage at the bus.
2. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein energy storage system has a baseline energy storage capacity of Wu=−(Dp−1)DpTpPpeak, where Dp is a duty cycle, Tp is a period, and Ppeak is a peak value of the pulsed power load.
3. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the injected current is
u
              =
              
                -
                
                  
                    2
                    
                    
                      (
                      
                        R
                        +
                        
                          R
                          L
                        
                      
                      )
                    
                    
                    
                      (
                      
                        
                          
                            D
                            P
                          
                          
                          
                            P
                            
                              p
                              
                              e
                              
                              a
                              
                              k
                            
                          
                        
                        -
                        
                          P
                          
                          
                            (
                            t
                            )
                          
                        
                      
                      )
                    
                  
                  
                    
                      
                        R
                        
                        
                          (
                          
                            
                              
                                λ
                                2
                              
                              
                              R
                              
                              
                                v
                                b
                                2
                              
                            
                            -
                            
                              4
                              
                              
                                R
                                L
                              
                              
                              
                                D
                                p
                              
                              
                              
                                
                                  P
                                  
                                    p
                                    
                                    e
                                    
                                    a
                                    
                                    k
                                  
                                
                                
                                
                                  (
                                  
                                    R
                                    +
                                    
                                      R
                                      L
                                    
                                  
                                  )
                                
                              
                            
                          
                          )
                        
                      
                    
                    +
                    
                      λ
                      
                      R
                      
                      
                        v
                        b
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
        where R is the converter resistance, RL is the line resistance, λ is the control input duty cycle, Dp is the duty cycle, Ppeak is the peak value, and P(t) is the time-varying power of the pulsed power load, and vb is the bus voltage.
4. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one of a supercapacitor, flywheel, or battery.
5. The electrical microgrid of claim 4, wherein the flywheel acts as a low-pass filter with a high-frequency cut-off.
6. The electrical microgrid of claim 4, wherein the battery acts as a low-pass filter with a low-frequency cut-off.
7. The electrical microgrid of claim 4, wherein the energy storage system comprises a hybrid battery and flywheel configuration.
8. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system comprises a spinning mass flywheel and a permanent magnet DC machine and the bus interface converter comprises a buck converter.
9. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system comprises a battery and the bus interface converter comprises a boost converter.
10. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system acts as a low-pass filter that decouples a high-frequency portion of the load transient from the bus.
11. The electrical microgrid of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system has a cut-off frequency and the cut-off frequency is sufficiently high to maintain a constant regulated load voltage.