Expression and significance of glucose-regulated protein 78 in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Yiqiang Chen
Dongli Wang
Gang Li
Yongkui Zhang
Nianhu Li
Journal: Oncology letters (2015)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: glucose-regulated protein 78; osteosarcoma; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; western blot analysis.
Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China., Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, Shandong, P.R. China.

Abstract:  The present study aimed to investigate the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in osteosarcoma cells, and analyze the differences in expression between tumor and normal tissues, pre- and post-chemotherapy patients and metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. According to these results, the associations between the expression of GRP78 and tumor growth, metastasis and chemotherapeutics could be determined. Between 2007 and 2012, 60 patients who had been diagnosed with osteosarcoma were selected for the present study. Of these patients, 20 presented with non-metastatic tumors and 40 with metastatic tumors, and 20 had been treated without chemotherapy and 40 with chemotherapy. In addition, 60 specimens obtained from adjacent normal tissues were collected for the control groups. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expression of GRP78 in the different tissues. The total RNA and protein were extracted from crushed tissues and used in the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. GRP78 was primarily located in the intracavity of the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression level of GRP78 in the tumor tissue was higher than that in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor (P&lt;0.01). In addition, the level was higher in the metastatic tumors compared with the non-metastatic tumors (P&lt;0.05), and in the non-chemotherapy-treated patients compared with the chemotherapy-treated patients (P&lt;0.01). The expression level of GRP78 mRNA in the tumor tissue was higher than that in the normal tissue (P&lt;0.01). Furthermore, the level was higher in the metastasis group than in the non-metastasis group (P&lt;0.05), and in the non-chemotherapy group than in the chemotherapy group (P&lt;0.01). The expression level of GRP78 protein was higher in the tumor tissue compared with the normal tissue (P&lt;0.01), in the metastasis group compared with the non-metastasis group (P&lt;0.05), and in the non-chemotherapy group compared with the chemotherapy group (P&lt;0.01). In conclusion, the present study detected the expression of GRP78 in patients with osteosarcoma and revealed a higher expression level in the tumor tissues compared with the normal tissues around the tumor, in the metastasis group compared with the non-metastasis group and in the non-chemotherapy-treated group compared with the chemotherapy-treated group. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Fig. 7.  Results of HE staining and Masson staining in the urethra and surrounding tissues among the nine groups. Two HE-stain panels overlap and are unlikely to have come from different rats. ![file] , 
 Fig. 9. The expression of LOX, Fibulin-5 and Elastin in the rat models in eight groups as detected via immunohistochemical staining. Notes: (A) immunohistochemical staining of LOX, Fibulin-5 and Elastin. ![file] Some images appear twice or three times (sometimes with 90-deg rotation), with different identifications. , 
 Of particular concern are the pairs exhibiting **partial** overlaps, which are simply not compatible with image integrity. Here, the 3rd and 9th panels of the Fibulin-5 row: ![file] 3rd and 7th panels of Elastin: ![file] 4th, 6th and 8th of Elastin (rotating the 4th by 90 deg). ![file] , 
 Fig. 4,E.  Effects of miR-214 and Mfn2 on fibroblast differentiation of rADMSCs. ... (C) protein expression of FSP1, Collagen I, Collagen III, Elastin, LOX, and Fibulin-5 in rADMSCs after fibroblast differentiation under Western blotting among six groups; (... (E) protein expression of PPAR-u03b3, Runx and Mfn2 of rADMSCs after fibroblast differentiation among the six groups . Fig. 8C.  The protein expression of fascia formation-related proteins in the urethra and surrounding tissues by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. ... (C) protein expression of Collagen I, Collagen III, Elastin, LOX, Fibulin-5 and Mfn2 . ![file] The bands (and specifically the loading control) appear to be drawn from a small concourse of WBs. Here is a montage I prepared earlier. ![] Clockwise from upper left: Fig 6B,  protein band graph , from  MicroRNA-374 Exerts Protective Effects by Inhibiting SP1 Through Activating the PI3K Akt Pathway in Rat Models of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion After Sevoflurane Preconditioning [(Zhang et al 2018)] . Fig 4D,  GLP-1R and CREB proteins in the myocardium of mice in each group examined by western blotting , from  Suppression of Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00652 Restores Sevoflurane-Induced Cardioprotection Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting GLP-1R Through the cAMP PKA Pathway in Mice [(Zhang et al 2018)] . Fig. 6B,  ELISA and western blot analysis were applied to determine the miR- 495 expression and mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, TNF-u03b1, IL-1u03b2, IL-18 and caspase-1 , from  MicroRNA-495 Ameliorates Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury and Inflammatory Reaction by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway [(Zhou et al 2018)] . Fig 6B,  WB images showing protein expression of different genes in each group , from  MicroRNA-27a Suppresses Detrusor Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Targeting PRKAA2 Through the TGF-u03b21 Smad3 Signaling Pathway . [(Wu et al 2018)] . Fig 11E,  protein bands of each factor in ASMCs of asthma mice in each group detected by western blot analysis , from  MicroRNA-485 Modulates the TGF-u03b2 Smads Signaling Pathway in Chronic Asthmatic Mice by Targeting Smurf2 . [(Wang et al 2018)] . , 
 Above: Fig. 2B,C.  Growth and differentiation conditions of the third-generation rADMSCs. ... (B) Oil red O staining for the third-generation rADMSCs after adipogenic induction; (C) alizarin red staining for the third-generation rADMSCs after osteogenic differentiation . Below: Fig 3 (a,b) from [Lv et al (2017)] .  Differentiation abilities of ADMSCs and the identification of exosomes. Note: (a) ADMSCs stained with alizarin red after the osteoinductive differentiation; (b) ADMSCs stained with Oil Red O after the adipogenic differentiation . ![file] Unexpected similarity. No authors in common. Both papers were under editorial review concurrently, ruling out the possibility that either one acquired the images from the other. Update: A third sighting! Fig 2 from [Han, Ju Geng (2018)] . ![] , 
 https: www.cellphysiolbiochem.com Articles ER R2017MS018 , 
 #6 [Retraction Statement] The authors of the article Wu J, Li J, Chen WK, Liu S, Liu JH, Zhang JS, Fang KW entitled u201cMicroRNA-214 Affects Fibroblast Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Targeting Mitofusin-2 during Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in SD Rats with Birth Traumau201d [Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;42(5):1870-1887, DOI:10.1159 000479570] have requested retraction on the following basis: The authors are sorry to say that in the further research they found that the PPAR-?, Runx2, and Mfn2 trends in the rADMSCs fiber-forming ability test in this paper were incorrect, they repeated verification of the entire study, and they found that there are problems with the conclusions of this manuscript. In this case, they have no choice but to publish a retraction to avoid misleading other researchers. The authors sincerely apologize for this mistake. ,