Prominence of ileal mucosa-associated microbiota to predict postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Mircea Chirica
Jessica Lechardeur
Sarah Boyer
Jean François Flejou
Michael Rodrigues
Emilie Vazeille
Najim Chafai
Clotilde Baudry
Eddy Cotte
Martine Leconte
Carmen Stefanescu
Nathalie Guedj
Driffa Moussata
Anne-Laure Charlois
Hélène Hafjisavvas
Mathurin Fumery
Nadia Hoyau-Idrissi
Sylvie Rajca
Anthony Buisson
Maria Nachury
Gilles Bommelaer
Yoram Bouhnik
Yves Panis
Nelson Lourenco
Coralie Sommeville
My-Linh Tran-Minh
Benjamin Pariente
Mariane Feron
Laurent Beaugerie
Isabelle Nion-Larmurier
Philippe Seksik
Claire Auzolle
Magali Svreck
Franck Brazier
Bernard Flourié
Jeremie Lefevre
Ulrika Chaput
Xavier Hebuterne
Patricia Detre
Jérome Filippi
Gilles Boschetti
Philippe Marteau
Denis Chatelain
Emmanuel Tiret
Andrée Nisard
Christophe Attencourt
Peggy Falgon
Anne Bourrier
Lionel Le Bourhis
Marion Goutte
Dilek Coban
Mariane Maillet
Paul Hofmann
Xavier Treton
Pierre Desreumaux
Yves François
Nicolas Munoz-Bongrand
Madeleine Bezault
Loic Brot
Nicolas Barnich
Pierre Sauvanet
Xavier Dray
Harry Sokol
Carole Margalef
Matthieu Allez
Pierre Cattan
Marion Chauvenet
Leon Magiorri
Olivier Corcos
Elodie Quevrain
Hélène Corte
Charles Sabbagh
REMIND Study Group Investigators
Jean-Louis Dupas
Jean-Marc Gornet
Stéphane Nancey
Cecilia Landman
Journal: Gut (2020)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Crohn’s disease; colonic microflora.
Affiliations: Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Gastroenterologie, Paris, France., Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clichy, France., INSERM UMRS 1160, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité University, Paris, France., Université Clermont Auvergne/Inserm U1071; USC-INRA 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France., Hepatogastroenterology Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France., Gastroenterology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France., Gastroenterology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France.

Abstract:  Objective: Following ileal resection for Crohn's disease (CD), recurrence is very frequent. Although several clinical risk factors of recurrence have been identified, predicting relapse remains challenging. Performing an ileocolonoscopy within the first year after surgery is currently recommended to assess endoscopic recurrence and to adjust the treatment. We took advantage of a large prospective multicentric cohort to investigate the role of the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota in postoperative endoscopic recurrence. Patients and methods: Ileal mucosa-associated microbiota was analysed by 16S sequencing at the time of surgery and/or of endoscopic evaluation in 201 patients (288 samples in total) prospectively recruited in France. Results: Ileal mucosa-associated microbiota exhibits profound changes following surgery in CD. Compared with non-recurrence setting, endoscopic recurrence is associated with strong changes in ileal mucosa-associated microbiota that are highly reminiscent of those observed generally in ileal CD compared with healthy subjects with a reduction in alpha diversity, an increase in several members of the Proteobacteria phylum and a decrease in several members of the Lachnospiraceae and the Ruminococcaceae families within the Firmicutes phylum. At the time of surgery, we identified several bacterial taxa associated with endoscopic recurrence and that can better predict relapse than usual clinical risk factors. Conclusion: Surgery has an important impact on ileal mucosa-associated microbiota. Postoperative endoscopic recurrence is associated with changes in microbiota composition and alpha diversity. The gut microbiota has the potential to predict postoperative evolution and recurrence. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 The authors seems to have forgotten to include a negative control, which makes it not possible to differentiate between possible contaminants and genuine results. There are many organisms though, which are non-animal associated, but rather plant associated (Rhizobia, Phyllobacterium) or environmental (Caulobacter, Rhodobacter, Xanthobacter, Hydrocarboniphaga). ,