<p>Long Noncoding RNA DLGAP1-AS1 Promotes the Aggressive Behavior of Gastric Cancer by Acting as a ceRNA for microRNA-628-5p and Raising Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 Expression</p>
Authors: Chunxia Fan
Qin Zhang
Lianwei Lu
Jiying Deng
Journal: Cancer Management and Research (2020)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1; astrocyte elevated gene 1; microRNA 628-5p.
Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, Shandong 261500, People's Republic of China., Department of Neurosurgery, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, Shandong 261500, People's Republic of China., Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, People's Republic of China.

Abstract:  Purpose: The long noncoding RNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1 (DLGAP1-AS1) plays well-defined roles in the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether DLGAP1-AS1 affects the aggressive behavior of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: DLGAP1-AS1 expression in GC tissue samples and cell lines was determined by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. GC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in vitro as well as in vivo were examined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow-cytometric analysis, transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft model experiments, respectively. Results: DLGAP1-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissue samples and cell lines. Among patients with GC, the increased level of DLGAP1-AS1 correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and shorter overall survival. The knockdown of DLGAP1-AS1 suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and hindered tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DLGAP1-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-628-5p (miR-628-5p) in GC cells, thereby increasing the expression of the miR-628-5p target astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1). Functionally, the recovery of the miR-628-5p/AEG-1 axis output attenuated the effects of DLGAP1-AS1 knockdown in GC cells. Conclusion: DLGAP1-AS1 is a pleiotropic oncogenic lncRNA in GC. DLGAP1-AS1 plays a pivotal part in the oncogenicity of GC in vitro and in vivo by regulating the miR-628-5p/AEG-1 axis. DLGAP1-AS1, miR-628-5p, and AEG-1 form a regulatory pathway to facilitate GC progression, suggesting this pathway as an effective target for the treatment of GC. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Two flow-cytometry plots share most of their points in common, suggesting that they come from the same raw data file (differently gated and filtered). I have adjusted contrast and aspect ratios for ease of comparison. ![file] Here in context. Right-hand panel is from Figs 2C, 4C, 5E, 6C. ![file] Left-hand panel is from Fig 6C of [Dou et al (2010)] . ![file] There may be other matches. , 
 Retracted, [24 September 2021] . -------------------------------- The Editor and Publisher of Cancer Management and Research wish to retract the published paper. Concerns were raised over alleged image duplication in Figure 5E with a similar image from an unrelated study, specifically: - Figure 5E, panel SNU-1 si-DLGAP1-AS1+in-miR-628-5p which appears to have been duplicated with a similar image in Figure 6C from Dou et al, 2020 . The authors responded to our initial queries but were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for the alleged duplication and could not provide satisfactory original data for their study. The Editor advised for the article to be retracted. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u201cRetractedu201d. , 
 - Fig 5c from  Long noncoding RNA NR2F1-AS1 promotes the malignancy of nonsmall cell lung cancer via sponging microRNA-493-5p and thereby increasing ITGB1 expression ([Zhang et al 2020] ). - Fig 7F G from  Long noncoding RNA TTN-AS1 enhances the malignant characteristics of osteosarcoma by acting as a competing endogenous RNA on microRNA-376a thereby upregulating dickkopf-1 ([Li et al 2019] ). - **Fig 5G H**. ![file] , 
 #3 Whoops, forgot the overlap between *[lower]* **Fig 5G** again, and *[upper]* Fig 2F of  Long noncoding RNA VPS9D1-AS1 augments the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer by sponging microRNA-532-3p and thereby enhancing HMGA2 expression ([Han et al 2020] ). ![file] ------------------------------------------ - *[left]* Fig 5j from  Long noncoding RNA RHPN1-AS1 exerts pro-oncogenic actions in osteosarcoma by functioning as a molecular sponge of miR-506 to positively regulate SNAI2 expression ([Wang Liu 2020] ). - *right]* **Fig 4F**. ![file] ,