Suppressor capacity of copper nanoparticles biosynthesized using Crocus sativus L. leaf aqueous extract on methadone-induced cell death in adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cell line
Authors: Shirin Mansooridara
Peng Zhang
Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
Nastaran Sadeghian
Atoosa Shahriyari Kalantari
Parham Taslimi
Fatih Şen
Jian Cui
Akram Zangeneh
Ramazan Bayat
Journal: Scientific Reports (2020)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: neuroprotective supplement; copper nanoparticles; Crocus sativus L. Leaf; methadone-induced cell death; PC12
Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Medical College of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China., Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, No. 30 South Street Powder Lane, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China. ., Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey., Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey., Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000, Kütahya, Turkey.

Abstract:  In this research, we prepared and formulated a neuroprotective supplement (copper nanoparticles in aqueous medium utilizing Crocus sativus L. Leaf aqueous extract) for determining its potential against methadone-induced cell death in PC12. The results of chemical characterization tests i.e., FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, TEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the study showed that copper nanoparticles were synthesized in the perfect way possible. In the TEM and FE-SEM images, the copper nanoparticles were in the mean size of 27.5 nm with the spherical shape. In the biological part of the present research, the Rat inflammatory cytokine assay kit was used to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test was used to show DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity was assessed by the caspase activity colorimetric assay kit and mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by Rhodamine123 fluorescence dye. Also, the cell viability of PC12 was measured by trypan blue assay. Copper nanoparticles-treated cell cutlers significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the inflammatory cytokines concentrations, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation and they raised the cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in the high concentration of methadone-treated PC12 cells. The best result of neuroprotective properties was seen in the high dose of copper nanoparticles i.e., 4 µg. According to the above results, copper nanoparticles containing C. sativus leaf aqueous extract can be used in peripheral nervous system treatment as a neuroprotective promoter and central nervous system after approving in the clinical trial studies in humans. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 This 2020 paper, authored by G.W. Wei, F. Lei, R. Lin, R. Wang, Y. Wei, J. Wu, and C. Wei, is an u201cinterval valued versionu201d of the 2020 paper (doi: 10.3233 jifs-191416) authored by G.W. Wei, J. Lu, C. Wei, and J. Wu, where **a numerical case for site selection of electric vehicle charging stations** (EVCS) is employed. In this interval valued version, **a numerical case for site selection of electric vehicle charging stations** (EVCS) is designed to illustrate the proposed method. However, such a method is not sound according to the comments on https: pubpeer.com publications 7C9DA90EE0E8C0047437AFD9D7488C ![file] ![file] ![file] , 
 A typical citation pattern of GW Wei, the first author of this paper. ![file] ![file] ,