Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials
Authors: Seungmin Baik
Ja Hoon Koo
Jeong Hyun Kim
Taeghwan Hyeon
Dae-Hyeong Kim
Yongseok Joseph Hong
Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
Kyoung Won Cho
Journal: Chemical Reviews (2022)
Discipline: CHEMISTRY
Keywords: nanostructured materials; unconventional device designs; bioelectronics; soft and ultrathin form; mechanical deformability
Affiliations: Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

Abstract:  Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
  Figure 1 Pathological changes in intestinal mucosa tissue of mice in the normal and UC groups after HE staining (uf0b4 200) Note: A, intestinal mucosa tissue of normal mice; B, intestinal mucosa tissue of UC mice . Panels overlap too much to have come from different mice. ![file] , 
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 Fig 2A,B. ![file] Fig 3. ![file] Fig 7A. ![file] The protein blobs in these Western blots appear to come from a small repertoire (especially the loading control, with blobs distinguished by the eye in one and the bubble beneath another, which are repeated twice in one band). I compiled a montage of examples: ![] , 
  Figure 8 Comparison of cell cycle patterns among the seven groups after transfection. ![file] Some of the panels are marked to show the similar cell-count histograms in corresponding panels of Fig. 9A,C in [Qian et al (2018)] : ![file] ...and 10A of [Zhang et al (2018)] : ![file] ...and 4A C of [Liu et al (2019)] . ![] , 
 Fig 9.  Cell apoptotic rates of seven groups after transfection. Note: A, cell apoptosis in each group . ![file] Readers may enjoy finding similarities between the sneezing dust-bunnies shown here and those in Fig 10 of [Wang et al (2018)] . I have marked a few of the more obvious ones. ![file] , 
 Additional similarities between the Western blot bands in Figures 2, 3, and 7 of this paper with those in Figure 6B and 9B of Weikai Zhang et al. Cancer gene therapy (2018) - doi: 10.1038 s41417-018-0029-y, https: pubpeer.com publications 84B3D8EA002A6126557F1028305947 ![file] ![file] ,