The effect of miR-224 down-regulation on SW80 cell proliferation and apoptosis and weakening of ADM drug resistance
Authors: Z-Y Liu
C-Q Liang
B-R Xing
Y-M Fu
J-L Huang
Y Jin
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2017)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β; miR-224; Wnt/β-catenin pathway; colorectal cancer; drug resistance
Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) can phosphorylate and degrade β-catenin, and negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. MiR-224 up-regulation is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analysis showed complementary binding sites between miR-224 and GSK-3β. This study investigated if miR-224 plays a role in mediating GSK-3β expression, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis as well as drug sensitivity of Adriamycin (ADM). Materials and methods: Dual luciferase gene reporter assay demonstrated the regulatory relationship between miR-224 and GSK-3β. Expression of miR-224, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and Survivin was measured in normal colon epithelium NCM460, CRC cell line SW480, and drug-resistant SW480/ADM cell line. Flow cytometry measured apoptosis under ADM with an IC50 concentration of SW480 cells, followed by CCK-8 analysis of cell proliferation. SW480/ADM cells were treated with miR-224 inhibitor and/or pSicoR-GSK-3β, followed by analysis of the expressions of GSK-3β, β-catenin and Survivin, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation by EdU staining. Results: MiR-224 targeted and inhibited GSK-3β expression. In SW480/ADM cells, GSK-3β expression and cell apoptosis rate were lower than those in SW480 cells, whilst miR-224, β-catenin, and Survivin expression or proliferation were higher than those in SW480 cells. Transfection of miR-224 inhibitor and/or pSicoR-GSK-3β significantly increased GSK-3β expression in SW480/ADM cells, and decreased β-catenin and Survivin expression, leading to reduced proliferation potency, enhanced cell apoptosis and suppressed ADM resistance. Conclusions: MiR-224 up-regulation is associated with ADM resistance of CRC cells. Suppression of miR-224 expression up-regulated GSK-3β expression, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway activity and Survivin expression, as well as reduced ADM resistance of CRC SW480 cells. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 A Gallery of Unfortunate FACS Plots. Please excuse the length. This is a random assortment from a certain oeuvre. Any other of ~40 papers from the same journal(s) could have been used instead. I have only marked a few of the recurring constellations of points. Colored plots darkened and contrast-enhanced for visibility. Fig 4C [Liu et al (2017)] PMID 28770966 Fig 2D, 3D [Wu et al (2017)] PMID 28617558 Fig 2D [Liang et al (2017)] PMID 29164556 ![file] Fig 3E [Li et al (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201809_15933 Fig 4D [Dong et al (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201805_15059 Fig 4D [Song et al (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201806_15153 ![file] Fig 2B, 4B, 5C [Wang et al (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201801_14201 Fig 3B, 4E [Su Song (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201810_16155 Fig 2D [Han et al (2018)] 10.26355 eurrev_201811_16390 ![file] Fig 4C [Wang Yu (2019)] 10.26355 eurrev_201903_17397 Fig 5D [Zhou et al (2019)] 10.26355 eurrev_201911_19436 Fig 4E [Liu Zhang (2019)] 10.1089 cbr.2018.2749 Fig 4D [Piao et al (2019)] 10.1089 cbr.2018.2625 ![file] , 
 It may also be worth documenting the curious stylized renditions of Western Blots favoured by this production studio (and by the editors and reviewers who accept this oeuvre of papers). ![file] , 
 Some time in the last week or so, the journal has wished the paper into the cornfield: https: www.europeanreview.org article 22247 1Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, u201cThe effect of miR-224 down-regulation on SW80 cell proliferation and apoptosis and weakening of ADM drug resistance, by C.-Q. Liang, Y.-M. Fu, Z.-Y. Liu, B.-R. Xing, Y. Jin, J.-L. Huang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21 (21): 5008-5016u2013PMID: 29164556u201d has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. , 
 Via http: www.most.gov.cn zxgz kycxjs kycxgzdt 202203 t20220318_179892.html u3000u300012. The paper  The effect of miR-224 down-regulation on SW80 cell proliferation and apoptosis and weakening of ADM drug resistance by Huang Jianglong and Jin Yiwei, the co-corresponding authors, and Liang Caiqian and Fu Yongmei as the co-first authors, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.  . After investigation, it was found that the paper had ghostwriting and falsification of experimental data. Huang Jianglong will be dealt with as follows: cancel the qualifications of postgraduate tutors, not hire teachers, cancel the qualifications for promotion, apply for scientific and technological plans (special projects, funds, etc.) projects, and evaluate and evaluate the qualifications for 10 years, stay on the party probation for 2 years, and reduce the position There are two grades; Jin will also be dealt with as follows: cancel the postgraduate tutor qualifications, not hire teachers, cancel the promotion of the title, apply for scientific and technological plans (special projects, funds, etc.) projects, evaluation and other qualifications for 7 years, cancel the chief physician Professional and technical qualifications will be lowered by one level; Liang Caiqian will be dealt with as follows: cancel the promotion of the title, apply for scientific and technological plans (special projects, funds, etc.) projects, and evaluate the qualifications for 5 years, and will not apply for the qualification of graduate tutors for life. To be hired as a teacher, the post grade will be lowered by one level; Fu Yongmei will be dealt with as follows: cancel the promotion title, apply for scientific and technological plan (special projects, funds, etc.) projects, and evaluate the qualifications for 5 years. To hire teachers, lower the post grade by one level. u3000u3000(Notification link: http: xuefeng.sysu.edu.cn gzdt 1398704.htm) ,