Mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for macrophage targeting
Authors: Suresh Prasad Vyas
Abhay Asthana
Gyati Shilakari Asthana
Dharm Veer Kohli
Journal: BioMed Research International (2014)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: antisense oligonucleotides; delivery; mannosylated chitosan; nanoparticles; transfection efficiency
Affiliations: Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana Ambala, Haryana 133207, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwa Vidyala, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana Ambala, Haryana 133207, India., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwa Vidyala, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.

Abstract:  The therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) is primarily dependent upon its safe and efficient delivery to specific cells overcoming degradation and maximizing cellular uptake in vivo. The present study focuses on designing mannosylated low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan nanoconstructs for safe ODNs delivery by macrophage targeting. Mannose groups were coupled with LMW chitosan and characterized spectroscopically. Mannosylated chitosan ODN nanoparticles (MCHODN NPs) were formulated by self-assembled method using various N/P ratio (moles of amine groups of MCH to phosphate moieties of ODNs) and characterized for gel retardation assay, physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency, and antisense assay. Complete complexation of MCH/ODN was achieved at charge ratio of 1:1 and above. On increasing the N/P ratio of MCH/ODN, particle size of the NPs decreased whereas zeta potential (ZV) increased. MCHODN NPs displayed much higher transfection efficiency into Raw 264.7 cells (bears mannose receptors) than Hela cells and no significant toxicity was observed at all MCH concentrations. Antisense assay revealed that reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced serum TNF-α is due to antisense activity of TJU-2755 ODN (sequence complementary to 3'-UTR of TNF-α). These results suggest that MCHODN NPs are acceptable choice to improve transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
  Figure 15: ... (b) SEM photomicrograph of MCHODN NP2 ![file] Is there anything you d like to tell us, Fig 15(b)? , 
 15(a). At right, darkened and contrast-enhanced to focus on the background. The image is full of repeated ghost nanoparticles. ![file] , 
 Retracted [1 February 2021] . Kudos to the journal s editors and publisher for acknowledging the role of PubPeer. ---------------------- *BioMed Research International* has retracted the article titled u201cMannosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides for Macrophage Targetingu201d [1] due to signs of image manipulation. As noted on PubPeer [2], Figure 15(a) and (b) show signs of repeated duplication of figure elements. The authors provided additional data for other results reported in the article, though not the underlying measurements, and said the similarity of nanoparticles in Figure 15(b) was due to the u201chomogeneous nature of nanoparticle formulation in given size range.u201d The authors did not respond to retraction. 2. Camphorifolia H. PubPeer; 2020. Mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for macrophage targeting. https: pubpeer.com publications 9E4F78B4CB095852397E895AF1C640. ,