PReD-Bench/PRed-Bench huggingface dataset:
CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Affect the Thyroid Hormone Transport at the Choroid Plexus in Mice Raised in Enriched Environment
Authors: Marie-Jeanne Arguel
Agnès Petit-Paitel
Joëlle Chabry
Nicolas Glaichenhaus
Hadi Zarif
Catherine Heurteaux
Agnès Paquet
Kevin Lebrigand
Alice Guyon
Journal: Neuroimmunomodulation (2019)
Discipline: NEUROSCIENCE & BEHAVIOR
Keywords: Brain plasticity; CD4+ T cells; Choroid plexus; Enriched environment; Hippocampus
Affiliations: Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France., Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France., Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France, .

Abstract:  Background: Others and we have shown that T cells have an important role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, spinogenesis, and glutamatergic synaptic function in the CA of the hippocampus. Hippocampus plasticity is particularly involved in the brain effects of the enriched environment (EE), and interestingly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play essential and differential roles in these effects. However, the precise mechanisms by which they act on the brain remain elusive. Objectives: We searched for a putative mechanism of action by which CD4+ T cells could influence brain plasticity and hypothesized that they could regulate protein transport at the level of the blood-CSF barrier in the choroid plexus. Method: We compared mice housed in EE and deprived of CD4+ T cells using a depleting antibody with a control group injected with the control isotype. We analyzed in the hippocampus the gene expression profiles using the Agilent system, and the expression of target proteins in plasma, CSF, and the choroid plexus using ELISA. Results: We show that CD4+ T cells may influence EE-induced hippocampus plasticity via thyroid hormone signaling by regulating in the choroid plexus the expression of transthyretin, the major transporter of thyroxine (T4) to the brain parenchyma. Conclusions: Our study highlights the contribution of close interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in brain plasticity and function. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 The data reported in this paper are difficult to believe since *Ttr* is by far the highest expressed gene in the mouse choroid plexus (see for example Lun *et al.*, *J. Neurosci.* 35: 4903, 2015) and it is difficult to conceive how such a high expression could be blunted by a few CD4+ cells infiltrating the choroid plexus. , 
 #1 The presence of CD4+ T cells seems to be promoting the TTR expression as when CD4+ T cells are depleted, the TTR expression is decreased. The precise mechanism by which CD4+ T cells stimulates the TTR expression remains to be elucidated. ,
Correlation between CCR 7 expression and lymph node metastatic potential of human tongue carcinoma
Authors: H Zhang
K Liu
X Xia
Z Shang
Journal: Oral Diseases (2015)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: RNA interference; chemokine; chemokine receptor; human tongue carcinoma; lymph node metastasis.
Affiliations: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University WuhanChina, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China

Abstract:  Metastasis is an important cause of cancer-related mortality. In this study, we investigated the role of CCR7 in the lymph node metastasis of tongue carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot revealed the expression of CCR7 in tongue SCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, we examined the expression of CCL21, a ligand of CCR7, in normal and diseased lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry and/or real-time PCR. The CCR7 expression was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis, tumor staging, and histological grade (P = 0.015, 0.040, and 0.015, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that regional lymph node metastasis, the expression of CCR7, and LVD were the independent poor prognostic factors. Knockdown of CCR7 gene resulted in a significant inhibition of migration and invasion of SCC4 cells in vitro without affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Also, CCR7 knockdown obviously inhibited cervical lymph node metastasis in an animal tumor model. Our study indicated that CCR7 may play an important role in progression of tongue SCC and could be a promising target for tongue SCC therapy. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Portions of the images in Figure 4e appear similar but not identical. Could the others please comment? TAM. *** ![file] ![file] ,
E6 proteins from diverse cutaneous HPV types inhibit apoptosis in response to UV damage
Authors: A Storey
S Jackson
Journal: Oncogene (2000)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: HPV; cutaneous lesions; skin cancers; Epidermodysplasia verruciformis; immunocompromised individuals
Affiliations: ICRF Skin Tumour Laboratory, Centre for Cutaneous Research, London, UK.

Abstract:  In addition to their role in anogenital cancer, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are also involved in the development of a range of cutaneous lesions. HPV types 5 and 8 are associated with the development of skin cancers in individuals with Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). A broad spectrum of HPV types are also commonly found in non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients. The skin cancers in EV and immunocompromised patients occur predominantly at body sites exposed to ultra violet (UV) radiation, pointing to a key role for UV in their development. Here we show that the E6 protein from a range of cutaneous HPV types effectively inhibits apoptosis in response to UV damage. This occurs in both p53 null and wild type cells and does not require p53 degradation. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 ## 2.2 Ex situ chromogenic experiments After the solution was prepared, the reaction system was placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 min to ensure that the solute was evenly dispersed [29]. References 29. D. Yuan, C. Zhang, S. Tang, X. Li, J. Tang, Y. Rao, Z. Wang, Q. Zhang Enhancing CaO2 fenton-like process by Fe(II)-oxalic acid complexation for organic wastewater treatment Water Res., 163 (2019), p. 114861 There is no relevant content in reference 29. ,
Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on oxidative stress in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Vahid Mofid
Mohammad Najafi
Shima Jazayeri
Zatollah Asemi
Farzad Shidfar
Mansoreh Samimi
Hossein Shakeri
Journal: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (2012)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Mitochondria-rich placenta; oxidative stress; probiotic yogurt; pregnant women; erythrocyte glutathione reductase
Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Abstract:  Background: Due to the enhanced oxygen requirement of the mitochondria-rich placenta primarily during the third trimester, pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress. This study was designed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on oxidative stress among Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial was performed among 70 pregnant women, singleton primigravida, aged 18-30 in their third trimester. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups to consume 200 g/day of either conventional yogurt (n = 33) or probiotic yogurt (n = 37) for 9 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 9-week intervention to measure oxidative stress parameters. Results: Consumption of probiotic yogurt resulted in increased erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) levels as compared to the conventional yogurt (p = 0.01). Despite the significant effect of probiotic yogurt consumption on plasma glutathione (67.9 μmol/l, p = 0.01), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (163 mmol/min/ml, p = 0.04) and serum 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine levels (-74.3 ng/ml, p = 0.04), no significant differences were found between the two yogurts in terms of their effects on the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women resulted in increased levels of erythrocyte GR as compared to the conventional yogurt, but could not affect other indices of oxidative stress. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 There are many concerns about the integrity of 172 publications by this research group, including this one. Some of the concerns are published 1. Anaesthesia 2020;75:1683u201392, see Supplementary data. This paper is A2 2. Account Res 2020; 28:149-61. 3. J Clin Epidemiol 2021;131:22-29. Journals and publishers were notified of these concerns in July 2019. 17 publications have an expression of concern. To our knowledge there has been no public response about any of the concerns. We think these publications are unreliable ,
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Geniposide on Osteoarthritis by Suppressing the Activation of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huarui Yang
Chunlong Gong
Kangquan Shou
Yi Yang
Yuan Chen
Tongzhu Bao
Journal: BioMed Research International (2018)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: p38 MAPK signaling pathway; osteoarthritis; Geniposide; inflammatory cytokines; chondrocytes
Affiliations: Department of Emergency and ICU, The First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China

Abstract:  It has been suggested that the activation of the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway plays a significant role in the progression of OA by leading to the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signaling enzymes in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. However, most p38 MAPK inhibitors applied for OA have been thought to be limited due to their potential long-term toxicities. Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside purified from the fruit of the herb, has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition effect of geniposide on the inflammatory progression of the surgically induced osteoarthritis and whether the protective effect of geniposide on OA is related to the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In vitro, geniposide attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 13 in chondrocytes isolated from surgically induced rabbit osteoarthritis model. Additionally, geniposide markedly suppressed the expression of IL-1, TNF-α, NO, and MMP-13 in the synovial fluid from the rabbits with osteoarthritis. More importantly, our results clearly demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of geniposide on surgery-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis was closely associated with the suppression of the p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Our study demonstrates that geniposide may have therapeutic potential to serve as an alternative agent for the p38 MAPK inhibition for the treatment of OA due to its inherent features of biological activities and low toxicity as a traditional Chinese medicine. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 There is an image duplication in Figure 5 where histology slides from ostensibly different experimental groups are, in fact, the same slide. ![file] ,
Heat Shock RNA 1, Known as a Eukaryotic Temperature-Sensing Noncoding RNA, Is of Bacterial Origin
Authors: Dongjin Choi
Chul Jun Goh
Kangseok Lee
Yoonsoo Hahn
Hye Ji Oh
Journal: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2015)
Discipline: MICROBIOLOGY
Keywords: Comamonas testosteroni; Heat Shock RNA-1; bacterial sequence; heat shock response.
Affiliations: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.

Abstract:  Heat shock RNA 1 (HSR1) is described as a "eukaryotic heat-sensing noncoding RNA" that regulates heat shock response in human and other eukaryotic cells. Highly conserved HSR1 sequences have been identified from humans, hamsters, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. In a previous study, however, it was suggested that HSR1 had originated from a bacterial genome. HSR1 showed no detectible nucleotide sequence similarity to any eukaryotic sequences but harbored a protein coding region that showed amino-acid sequence similarity to bacterial voltage-gated chloride channel proteins. The bacterial origin of HSR1 was not convincible because the nucleotide sequence similarity was marginal. In this study, we have found that a genomic contig sequence of Comamonas testosteroni strain JL14 contained a sequence virtually identical to that of HSR1, decisively confirming the bacterial origin of HSR1. Thus, HSR1 is an exogenous RNA, which can ectopically trigger heat shock response in eukaryotes. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to cite HSR1 as a "eukaryotic functional noncoding RNA." 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Hi. I searched for the HSR1 homologous sequence in Drosophila genome but did not get any similar seq in whole genome of Drosophila from BLAST result. Could you please help me to get its chromosomal location? Has the sequence been annotated for any gene in Drosophila? , 
 Hi Trichia, HSR1 is just a bacterial genome fragment. It does not exist in any eukaryotic organism. Donu2019t waste your time. ,
ROS via BTK-p300-STAT1-PPARγ signaling activation mediates cholesterol crystals-induced CD36 expression and foam cell formation
Authors: Nikhlesh K Singh
Gadiparthi N Rao
Sivareddy Kotla
Journal: Redox Biology (2017)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Cholesterol crystals; CD36 expression; NLRP3-mediated inflammasome formation; ROS production; BTK activation
Affiliations: Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA., Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Electronic address: .

Abstract:  In understanding the mechanisms of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, previous studies from other laboratories have demonstrated that cholesterol crystals (CC) induce scavenger receptor CD36 expression and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome formation. In elucidating the mechanisms by which CC could enhance CD36 expression and foam cell formation, here we report that CC via NADPH and xanthine oxidases-mediated ROS production activates BTK, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In addition, CC induce p300 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in a BTK-dependent manner, which in turn, leads to STAT1 acetylation and its interaction with PPARγ in CD36 expression, oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation. Furthermore, p300, STAT1 and PPARγ bound to a STAT binding site at -107 nt in CD36 promoter and enhanced its activity in ROS and BTK-dependent manner. Disruption of this STAT binding site by site-directed mutagenesis abolished CC-induced CD36 promoter activity. Together these results reveal for the first time that CC via producing ROS and activating BTK causes p300-mediated STAT1 acetylation and its interaction with PPARγ in CD36 expression, oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 6. * Red boxes: The IgG panels in Figure 6D and Figure 6F look very similar * Blue boxes: The PPARg panels in Figure 6D and Figure 6F look very similar * Red boxes: The p300 panels in Figure 6D and Figure 6F look very similar ![file] Here is a false color version of these panels to illustrate: ![file] , 
 Corrigendum, February 2022, found here: https: www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S221323172200026X  The authors regret that u201cthe ChIP for IgG band followed by Re-ChIP for PPARu03b3 and p300 bands in Fig. 6F were inadvertently taken from a different set of ChIP for IgG band followed by Re-ChIP for PPARu03b3 and p300 bands shown in Fig. 6D and this oversight occurred due to lack of visible signals in both the sets. This oversight does not impact the interpretation or conclusions of the study. Here, we provide the amended Fig. 6F with correct ChIP for IgG band followed by Re-ChIP for PPARu03b3 and p300 bands.u201d The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. ,
MicroRNA-141 inhibits glioma cells growth and metastasis by targeting TGF-β2
Authors: Shuanglin Fu
Yongxin Luan
Wenchen Li
Ling Zuo
Shuyan Zhang
Tao Peng
Journal: American journal of translational research (2016)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Glioma; TGF-β2; invasion; miR-141; migration
Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, P. R. China., Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, P. R. China.

Abstract:  MicroRNA-141 (miR-141) has been reported to function as tumor suppressor in many types of cancer. However, the molecular function and underlying mechanisms of miR-141 in glioma is still unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate miR-141 expression and determine its biological function and underlying mechanism in glioma. In this study, we found that miR-141 expression levels, both in glioma cell lines and in tissues, were significantly lower than that in a normal human astrocyte cell line or adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Overexpression of miR-141 significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as suppressed glioma tumor growth in vivo. In addition, transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) was identified as a target of miR-141 in glioma cells. TGF-β2 expression was also found to be upregulated, and negatively associated with miR-141 in glioma tissues. TGF-β2 over-expression partly reversed the effect caused by transfection of miR-141 mimic. These findings together suggested that miR-141 functioned as tumor suppressor by targeting TGF-β2, and that miR-141 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for future treatment of glioma. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 4D.  TGF-u03b22 ... protein level were determined in U87 cells after transfection of miR-141 or miR-NC. GAPDH was used as loading control. ![file] The GAPDH band is surprisingly similar to the two middle lanes of a loading control that features elsewhere, in a number of papers by unrelated groups of authors. E.g. Fig 5D of [Wu et al (2015)] . ![file] Some other appearances are linked in that thread. , 
 *[left]* Fig 4D again. *[right]* Figs 4D, 5B from [Zhi et al (2016)] . ![file] , 
 Fig 3B.  Effect of miR-141 on cell invasion of U87 cells was detected by transwell invasion assay . Perhaps the authors (or experts in microphotography) could comment on the curious sharp-edged changes in background (emphasised below by enhancing contrast). Is this normal? ![file] , 
 Retracted [15 November 2021]  Falsified materials and or data reported in this publication have been detected by a knowledgeable reader and subsequently confirmed by further investigation of the editorial office. Therefore, the entire article has been retracted in accordance with this journalu2019s policy and editorial decision. ,
Preparation & Characterization of Solid Inclusion Complex of Cefpodoxime Proxetil with &#946;- Cyclodextrin
Authors: S Bhargava
G P Agrawal
Journal: Current Drug Delivery (2008)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: Cefpodoxime proxetil; beta-cyclodextrin; solid inclusion complexes; aqueous solubility; dissolution rate
Affiliations: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003, India.

Abstract:  Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) is an oral cephalosporin antibiotic with poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of cefpodoxime proxetil was evaluated by the formation of solid inclusion complexes in 1:2 molar ratio of drug: cyclodextrin. Phase solubility study was carried out whereby a typical B's type curve was obtained thus, indicating a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio for optimum complex formation. Solid inclusion complexes in 1:2 molar ratios were prepared by using methods such as physical mixture, solvent evaporation and freeze drying. Prepared complexes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of in vitro studies appraised of an increased solubility and dissolution rate of cefpodoxime proxetil on complexation with beta- cyclodextrin (P &lt; 0.05) as compared to CPDX-PR alone. Amongst the complexes prepared by different methods, the complex prepared by freeze drying showed the highest dissolution rate (P&lt; 0.01). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime proxetil and its freeze dried complex (1:2) was studied against both antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The freeze dried complex (1:2) inhibited all penicillin-susceptible strains and penicillinase-producing strains at 0.015 microg/ml concentration. Chromosomally resistant strains which were not responsive to penicillin were inhibited by the complex at 0.125 microg/ml concentration. The study revealed that complexation of cefpodoxime proxetil with beta-cyclodextrin effectively enhanced the aqueous solubility and in vitro antibacterial activity. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 3, different cell lines, repeated ATM band (red boxes), Actin bands differ. Could the authors please post the uncropped scans? See also: https: pubpeer.com search?q=authors%3A%22Abdeladim+Moumen%22 [Rabatu2019s MAScIR to Produce 10,000 COVID-19 Diagnostic Kits Before July] u201cResearchers at the MAScIR medical biotechnology center and members of the kit design team, doctors **Abdeladim Moumen**, Zineb Qmichou, Imane Abdellaoui Maane, Hassan Ait Benhassou, Hicham El Hadi, and Hassan Sefrioui, expressed their satisfaction with the 100% Moroccan innovation.u201d (Emphasis added) *** ![file] , 
 Figure 2A. Much more similar after 180 degree rotation and slight horizontal re-sizing. ![file] ,
Diagnosis of uncertain significance: can next-generation sequencing replace the clinician?
Authors: Detlef Bockenhauer
Emma Ashton
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Sequencing technologies; disease gene discovery; rare diseases; diagnosis; variants

Abstract:  New sequencing technologies are revolutionizing disease gene discovery and testing with tremendous benefits for the diagnosis of rare diseases. However, the more we sequence, the more we discover, and the challenge is to assess the numerous variants in the clinical and genetic context carefully to establish the correct diagnosis. Clinicians and geneticists must work together for this because failure to do so can result in incorrect advice with potentially serious consequences. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Very interesting and useful article that describes in some detail how to systematically determine if a variant in a novel candidate gene may be pathogenic or not. However, there appears to be a small problem on the third page:  However, there are 205 missense variants observed in the Genome Aggregation database (gnomAD; https: gnomad.broadinstitute.org about) versus the expected 241.2 (from gene size), therefore the gene is not constrained against missense variants (z = 0.25) and the PP2 criteria do not apply. While 205 and 241 are right, z = 0.25 appears to be incorrect as Gnomad reports it as being z = 0.83 . This would mean that this parameter is more constrained than reported, but perhaps not enough to flip to  supporting in Table 1? ,
Protocadherin20 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor Gene: Epigenetic Inactivation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Biaoli Long
Tingxiu Xiang
Ya He
Guohua Hu
Quan Zeng
Lili Li
Tao Chen
Zhaohui Wang
Guosheng Ren
Suling Hong
Journal: Journal of cellular biochemistry (2015)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION; EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; METHYLATION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; PROTOCADHERIN 20
Affiliations: Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China., Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China., Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.

Abstract:  Genetic alterations of 13q21 (PCDH 8,9,17, and 20) are frequently observed in multiple tumors, suggesting the presence of critical tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Protocadherin20 (PCDH20), located at 13q21.2, belongs to the δ1-protocadherins, which constitutes one of the largest subgroup within the adherin superfamily. Frequent downregulation/silencing of PCDH20 was found in NPC cell lines using semiquantitative PCR. PCDH20 mRNA was broadly expressed in normal nasopharyngeal tissues and cell lines. Promoter methylation of PCDH20 was observed in 80% (4/5) of NPC cell lines and 78.4% (40 of 51) of primary tumors by methylation-specific PCR, but rarely in normal nasopharygeal tissues and nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line (NP69). The silencing of PCDH20 can be reversed by pharmacological demethylation, indicating an epigenetic mechanism. Restoration of PCDH20 expression in NPC cells strongly suppressed cell numbers and colony formation. Overexpression of PCDH20 antagonized Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoted β-catenin to translocate from nucleus to cytoplasm and membrane. PCDH20 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion ability of NPC cells. PCDH20 also inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through enhanced expression of E-cadherin. Our study identified PCDH20 as a functional tumor suppressor and an important antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and EMT, with frequent epigenetic inactivation in NPC. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 ![file] , 
 ![file] , 
 ![file] , 
 ![file] , 
 Figure 5a. Much more similar than you would expect. ![file] , 
 Figure 5a continued. https: imgur.com ryHZe4u , 
 Figure 4a. Much more similar than you would expect. https: imgur.com ag1zbMw , 
 Thank you for your comment. We are considering it seriously. The matter is now under investigation. Information on the outcome and appropriate responses will be posted in the close future. ,
Over-expression of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 is associated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: L-L Li
Z-P Li
X-W Meng
L Li
Q-S Zhao
X-F Ge
L Zhang
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2016)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: lncRNAs; SBF2-AS1; non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); clinicopathological features; prognosis
Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: Emerging evidence suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play important roles in human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SBF2-AS1 in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in NSCLC. Patients and methods: The expression of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 was measured in 174 NSCLC samples and their matched non-tumor tissues by using RT-PCR. Association of SBF2-AS1 expression with clinicopathological features was analyzed in NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Results: The expression of SBF2-AS1 was higher in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (p &lt; 0.01). Additionally, high expression level of SBF2-AS1 was significantly associated with NSCLC histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, a higher SBF2-AS1 expression was demonstrated to be associated with poor overall survival times in NSCLC patients (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that SBF2-AS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with NSCLC (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our data suggest that SBF2-AS1 could represent a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in patients with NSCLC. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This paper is about lung cancer patients, but unexpectedly, the Methods mention  renal tissues . Can the authors explain what happened here? ![file] ,
All-trans retinoic acid enhances cytotoxicity of CIK cells against human lung adenocarcinoma by upregulating MICA and IL-2 secretion
Authors: Peng-Yu Wang
Chao Zhang
Yu-Long Zhang
Dong-Wei He
Xiao-Yan Fan
Cong Zhang
Jie-Na Zhou
Qiao-Xia Li
Bao-En Shan
Yun Fu
Journal: Scientific Reports (2017)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: all-trans retinoic acid; cytokine-induced killer cells; growth inhibition; lung carcinoma; A549 cells
Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China., Department of Clinical Bio-Cell, 4th Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China., Research Center, 4th Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China., Department of Surgery, Number One Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China., Department of Clinical Bio-Cell, 4th Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China. .

Abstract:  To determine the growth inhibition capability of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs), we evaluated their effects, alone and in combination, on human lung carcinoma A549 cells. CIKs treated with ATRA significantly inhibited cell growth. Additionally, CIK with ATRA synergistically inhibited migration and invasiveness, colony formation of A549 and NCI-H520 cells. Furthermore, analysis of apoptosis markers Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin and cleaved Caspase-3 showed that Bcl-2 and Survivin mRNA levels significantly decreased, and that Bax mRNA significantly increased, in the CIK + ATRA-treated cells, with corresponding effects on their respective proteins. The involved mechanisms may be associated with upregulated expression of MHC class I-Related Chain (MICA) and interleukin (IL)-2. These results suggest that administration of combined CIK and ATRA is a potentially novel treatment for lung carcinoma. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Expression of concern for this article: Figure 3A: A micrograph has been duplicated and presented as something else (A549 0h; Control vs CIK). Micrographs have been duplicated, manipulated and presented as something else (NCI-H520 0h; CIK vs CIK + ATRA). Figure 4B: A flow cytometry dot plot has been duplicated and presented as something else (NCI-H520; CIK vs ATRA). Figure 5D,E: Part of a Western blot panel has been duplicated, manipulated and presented as something else (GAPDH, two different cell types). ![file] ![file] ,
Overexpression of Fibulin-5 attenuates burn-induced inflammation via TRPV1/CGRP pathway
Authors: Hui Li
Xiaoqian Hou
Xin Li
Xiuli Li
Junling Wang
Chunhua Zhang
Journal: Experimental Cell Research (2017)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Fibulin-5; Inflammation; Pain; Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.
Affiliations: Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061001, China. Electronic address: ., Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061001, China.

Abstract:  Fibulin-5, a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, is up-regulated in response to mechanical injury and can promote dermal wound healing. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Fibulin-5 in the pathogenesis of post-burn inflammation in thermally-injured mice. Here, we found that Fibulin-5 was up-regulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of burn-injured mice. After nociceptive behavioral testing, DRG was isolated and cultured to detect the mechanism of Fibulin-5 in thermal injury models by recombinant adenovirus overexpressing Fibulin-5, RT-qPCR, Western Blot, ELISA, AP20187 (an activator of one kind of kinase phosphorylating the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, eIF2α), capsaicin (an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1), and an anti-CGRP neutralizing antibody. Also, the pathological state of skin tissues and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and myeloperoxidase were examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that overexpression of Fibulin-5 attenuated the pain, inhibited the inflammatory response, and improved the pathologic condition induced by burn injury. Fibulin-5 overexpression significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation level of eIF2α and subsequently inhibited the TRPV1 channel and CREB/CGRP signaling. Additionally, anti-CGRP neutralizing antibody dramatically suppressed the inflammatory response induced by burn injury. The results suggest that overexpression of Fibulin-5 attenuates thermal inflammation via suppressing TRPV1/CGRP pathway. This may provide a potential therapy target to alleviate excessive inflammation in burn patients. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Repeated areas **within** panels inevitably invite questions about the origin of these images. ![file] , 
 Fig. 2.  Effect of Fibulin-5 overexpression on thermal inflammation. ... B and C: The levels of COX-2 and MPO were detected by immunohistochemistry (red arrows point to the positive results). I have copied the panels of B and placed them - rotated through 180 deg - under the corresponding panels of C. ![] Unexpected similarities. Here are the Sham panels, with the B version (rotated, and color-reversed) superimposed on C so that similar areas cancel out. Differences are very localised. ![file] Here, the same treatment for the right-hand panels. ![file] ,
LHX6 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: R Han
G-L Li
Q-J Bi
X-J Men
Journal: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences (2018)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: LHX6; breast cancer; metastasis; tumor-suppressive role; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Fourth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: LIM homeobox domain 6 (LHX6) is emerging as a critical regulator in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The previous study has reported the expression and function of LHX6 in breast cancer (BC). However, its mechanism underlying BC metastasis remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the related mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive role of LHX6 in BC. Patients and methods: Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine LHX6 mRNA levels and protein expressions in BC tissues and cell lines. LHX6 protein expression was also analyzed in BC tissues and matched normal breast tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The biologic functions of LHX6 in BC were explored by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assays in vitro. Finally, we investigated the effect of LHX6 up-regulation on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by Western blot. Results: Our results showed that LHX6 was lowly expressed at the mRNA and protein level in BC cancer tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of LHX6 in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D suppressed cell growth, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, our further investigations revealed that the upregulation of LHX6 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: We firstly provided evidence that LHX6 exerted its anti-tumor function on BC via suppressing activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, which eventually inhibited the progression of BC. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
  Emerging evidence identified LHX genes as important regulators in progression and development of various tumors[7,8] Ref 8 is Shuert C, Horning M, Mellish JA. The effect of novel research activities on long-term survival of temporarily captive steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). PLoS One 2015; 10: e0141948. The connection between LHX genes and tracker implants in steller sea lions is not obvious. Was EndNotes having a bad day? ,
Lung remodeling and pulmonary hypertension after myocardial infarction: pathogenic role of reduced caveolin expression
Authors: Isabelle Mercier
Jocelyn Dupuis
Jean-François Jasmin
Robert Hnasko
Herbert B Tanowitz
Michelle W-C Cheung
Michael P Lisanti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension; Lung structural remodeling; Caveolins; Myocardial infarction; Right ventricular hypertrophy

Abstract:  Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and lung structural remodeling are frequent complications of congestive heart failure (CHF). Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in CHF-induced PH and lung remodeling remain unknown. Caveolins (Cav-1, -2 and -3) are the principal structural proteins of the vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane, termed caveolae. Mice with homozygous deletion of the caveolin-1 gene (Cav-1(-/-)) have been shown to develop dilated cardiomyopathy, PH and lung structural remodeling, characterized by hypercellularity and thickening of the alveolar septa. However, the physiological relevance of these observations for the pathogenesis of PH and lung remodeling remains to be determined. Methods and results: Here, we investigate the natural behavior of the endogenous caveolin proteins during the development of PH and lung structural remodeling, using a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in male Wistar rats by ligating the left anterior coronary artery. Two weeks post-MI, rats were anesthetized and hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained. Rats subjected to MI developed marked PH, lung structural remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Both immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry dramatically show that Cav-1 and Cav-2 expression is downregulated to almost undetectable levels in the lungs of post-MI rats. Mechanistically, the reduced expression of caveolins was associated with the increased tyrosine-phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and the upregulation of cyclin D1 and D3 expression. We also show that STAT3 is hyperphosphorylated, and cyclin D1 and D3 levels are dramatically upregulated, in lung tissue samples derived from Cav-1 (-/-)- and Cav-2 (-/-)-deficient mice. Conclusions: Thus, down-modulation of pulmonary Cav-1 and Cav-2 expression in rats subjected to MI may represent an initiating mechanism leading to the activation of the STAT3/Cyclins pathway and, ultimately, to the development of PH and lung structural remodeling. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 6. Much more similar than expected. https: imgur.com 8u7pCEc ,
Washing away postdecisional dissonance
Authors: Spike W S Lee
Norbert Schwarz
Journal: Science (2010)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: postdecisional dissonance; physical cleansing; clean slate effect; attractiveness perception; alternative choice
Affiliations: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 

Abstract:  After choosing between two alternatives, people perceive the chosen alternative as more attractive and the rejected alternative as less attractive. This postdecisional dissonance effect was eliminated by cleaning one's hands. Going beyond prior purification effects in the moral domain, physical cleansing seems to more generally remove past concerns, resulting in a metaphorical "clean slate" effect. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 ![file] XRD patterns are identical with all noise ,
MicroRNA-520a-3p inhibits cell growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: P Han
C-Y Li
X-Y Xu
X Lv
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2018)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: MicroRNAs; non-small cell lung cancer; miR-520a-3p; cell growth; metastasis
Affiliations: Department of Respiratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that be involved in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of miR-520a-3p in cell growth and metastasis. Materials and methods: The mimics and inhibitor of miR-520a-3p were used to identify the effects of miR-520a-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis using methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow-cytometric method, respectively. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the cell migration and invasion. The protein expression levels related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. Results: The results showed that miR-520a-3p overexpression could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, suppress cell migration and invasion. MiR-520a-3p overexpression could markedly reduce the ratio of p-AKT/AKT, p-PI3K/PI3K and Bcl-2/Bax, the levels of mTOR, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) compared with control. However, miR-520a-3p overexpression could increase caspase-3 expression compared with control group. After inhibited the expression of miR-520a-3p, the capacity of cell proliferation, migration and invasion were increased, cell apoptosis was inhibited compared with control group. The ratio of p-AKT/AKT, p-PI3K/PI3K and Bcl-2/Bax, the levels of mTOR, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased compared with control group. Conclusions: Our study suggested that miR-520a-3p could suppress the NSCLC proliferation, migration and invasion through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
  Figure 1. Effect of miRNA-520a-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of NCI-H1975 cell. ... B, Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry I would have expected more difference between the Control and Inhibitor results. ![file] ,
Effects of Green Banana Biomass (Musa spp.) on Laboratory Parameters of Animal Models of Wistar Mice under Hyperlipidic Diet
Authors: Maria Clara Marcola Dourado
Monatha Nayara Guimarães Teófilo
Arissa Felipe Borges
Frank Sousa Castro
Graziela Torres Blanch
Clayson Moura Gomes
Nathália Ferreira Lousek
Sérgio Henrique Nascente Costa
Flávia Melo Pontieri
Neiane Cristina Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition (2021)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Green banana biomass; Wistar mice; hyperlipidic diet; obesity; prebiotics.
Affiliations: Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil, Health Sciences, Faculty of the Military Police, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil

Abstract:  Aim: Analyze the effects of green banana biomass (Musa spp.) on the biochemical parameters in Wistar male rats under standard and hyperlipidic diet. Methods: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals CEUA - PUC-GO and consisted in the division of 32 rats in 4 differentiated groups according to their diet (standard - CT; standard with green banana biomass - CTBM; hyperlipidic - HL and hyperlipidic with green banana biomass - HLBM). Through 8 weeks animals were weighted and their glycemia were measured. After this period, they were euthanized and biological material was collected to evaluate the biochemical parameters, which analysis used the ANOVA test. Results: The weekly evaluation confirmed that the efficacy of the hyperlipidic model since the final weight was bigger in the HL group in comparison with the CT group, from the sixth to the eighth week. It was also possible to observe that the CTBM group had a smaller weight compared to the CT group. Besides, the measurement of glycemia, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, urea, serum creatine, uric acid, calcium, phosphor, magnesium and the hematological parameters from the 8 animal of each group were compared by the ANOVA test without any significative difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the comparisons. Conclusions: This study it did not demonstrate significative changes of the green banana biomass on the observed laboratory parameters during the 8 weeks in comparison to the standard group, indicating an absence of interference of the probiotics in the laboratory parameters on the hyperlipidic model during the analyzed period. Therefore, it is necessary an evaluation of its efficacy in obesity treatment in longer studies with molecular parameters. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Contrary to the title, the study is, of course, about rats, not mice. ![file] ,
Probing the SERCA1a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase phosphorylation-site mutant D351E with inorganic phosphate
Authors: C M V Bastos
A C O Carreira
S Verjovski-Almeida
Journal: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2007)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: sarcoplasmic reticulum; SERCA1a; Ca2+-ATPase; yeast; galactose promoter
Affiliations: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil

Abstract:  The expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum SERCA1a Ca2+-ATPase wild-type and D351E mutants was optimized in yeast under the control of a galactose promoter. Fully active wild-type enzyme was recovered in yeast microsomal membrane fractions in sufficient amounts to permit a rapid and practical assay of ATP hydrolysis and phosphoenzyme formation from ATP or Pi. Mutant and wild-type Ca2+-ATPase were assayed for phosphorylation by Pi under conditions that are known to facilitate this reaction in the wild-type enzyme, including pH 6.0 or 7.0 at 25 degrees C in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. Although glutamyl (E) and aspartyl (D) residue side chains differ by only one methylene group, no phosphoenzyme could be detected in the D351E mutant, even upon the addition of 40% dimethylsulfoxide and 1 mM 32Pi in the presence of 10 mM EGTA and 5 mM MgCl2. These results show that in the D351E mutant, increasing hydrophobicity of the site with inorganic solvent was not a sufficient factor for the required abstraction of water in the reaction of E351 with Pi to form a glutamylphosphate (P-E351) phosphoenzyme moiety. Mutation D351E may disrupt the proposed alignment of the reactive water molecule with the aspartylphosphate (P-D351) moiety in the phosphorylation site, which may be an essential alignment both in the forward reaction (hydrolysis of aspartylphosphate) and in the reverse reaction (abstraction of water upon formation of an aspartylphosphate intermediate). 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 2C - more similar than expected (contrast enhanced) ![file] ,