Adult bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells are chemoattractive and accelerate motor recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Alice Marquet
Gulistan Agirman
Cécile Coste
Bernard Rogister
Virginie Neirinckx
Valérie Dion
Sabine Wislet
Rachelle Franzen
Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2015)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: Stem cells; regenerative therapy; neurological diseases; spinal cord injuries; mesenchymal
Affiliations: Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium. ., GIGA, Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. ., Neurology Department, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium. .

Abstract:  Introduction: Stem cells from adult tissues were considered for a long time as promising tools for regenerative therapy of neurological diseases, including spinal cord injuries (SCI). Indeed, mesenchymal (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) together constitute the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) that were used as therapeutic options in various models of experimental SCI. However, as clinical approaches remained disappointing, we thought that reducing BMSC heterogeneity should be a potential way to improve treatment efficiency and reproducibility. Methods: We investigated the impact of pure populations of MSCs and NCSCs isolated from adult bone marrow in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. We then analyzed the secretome of both MSCs and NCSCs, and its effect on macrophage migration in vitro. Results: We first observed that both cell types induced motor recovery in mice, and modified the inflammatory reaction in the lesion site. We also demonstrated that NCSCs but especially MSCs were able to secrete chemokines and attract macrophages in vitro. Finally, it appears that MSC injection in the spinal cord enhance early inflammatory events in the blood and spinal cord of SCI mice. Conclusions: Altogether, our results suggest that both cell types have beneficial effects in experimental SCI, and that further investigation should be dedicated to the regulation of the inflammatory reaction following SCI, in the context of stem cell-based therapy but also in the early-phase clinical management of SCI patients. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Parts of Fig 1a: ![file] are similar to parts (fig 1b) of an earlier paper https: journals.plos.org plosone article?id=10.1371 journal.pone.0064723 ![file] , 
 Figure S1. * Green boxes: In the top panels, the Iba1 DMEM panel looks unexpectedly similar to the Iba1 NCSC-CM panel * Orange boxes: In the bottom panels, the CD68 NCSC-CM panel appears to overlap with the CD206 NCSC-CM panel, albeit at a different zoom factor ![file] , 
 Published: 15 February 2021 Editoru2019s Note: Readers are alerted that concerns have been raised regarding Figures 1A and S1 [1]. We will update readers once we have further information and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full. , 
 September 22, 2021 Following publication of the original article [1], it has been raised to authorsu2019 attention that the manuscript included misused or duplicated elements. Figure 1A: PCR illustration for PGK-Neomycin and Actin was reused from previous publication [2] without proper citation. Figure S1: Iba1_DMEM and Iba1_NCSC-CM as well as CD68_ and CD206_NCSC-CM conditions were duplicated. Corrected Figure 1A and S1 are illustrated ahead. Corrections were performed based on the experimental confirmation of the original data. Of note, neither results nor conclusions drawn from this study are modified. In addition, careful proofreading of the manuscript highlighted that titles of Figure S2 and Table S3 were erroneous, and were then corrected as follows: Figure S2: Negative controls of Iba1, GFAP and laminin immunostainings. Table S1: ELISA assays values. The authors sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused to Stem Cell Research Therapy, as well as to the scientific community. Figure 1 ![file] Figure S1: ![file] References 1. Neirinckx V, et al. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells are chemoattractive and accelerate motor recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2015;6:211. https: doi.org 10.1186 s13287-015-0202-2 2. Neirinckx V, Marquet A, Coste C, Rogister B, Wislet-Gendebien S. Adult bone marrow neural crest stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are not able to replace lost neurons in acute MPTP-lesioned mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e64723. https: doi.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0064723 ,