Long non-coding RNA ROR mitigates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia injury through regulation of miR-145
Authors: Fengxian Liu
Rong Yang
Jing Liu
Hai Ge
Yanan Sun
Journal: Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (2019)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: ERK; LncRNA-ROR; MAPK; Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome; miR-145.
Affiliations: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China

Abstract:  Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is a condition causing apnea and hypopnea. LncRNA-ROR revealed properties in regulating hypoxia response. Our study explored the roles of ROR in CoCl2-induced hypoxia injury in HK-2 cells. HK-2 cells were treated with CoCl2 to induce hypoxia injury. Cell viability, cell apoptosis and apoptotic proteins were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. The alter expression of ROR and miR-145 was achieved through transfection. Moreover, the expressions of HIF-α and ERK and MAPK related factors were examined using western blot. We found that CoCl2 decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis as well as increased the expression of ROR. ROR overexpression increased cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis. ROR overexpression upregulated anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and decreased p53, Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3. ROR overexpression also increased the expression of HIF-α. On the opposite, ROR silence led to the opposite results as relative to ROR overexpression. ROR overexpression decreased expression of miR-145. Co-transfection with ROR overexpression and miR-145 impaired the promoting effects of ROR in CoCl2 treated cells. ROR increased phosphorylation of ERK while decreased phosphorylation of MAPK. In conclusion, lncRNA ROR alleviated CoCl2-induced hypoxia injury through regulation of miR-145 as well as modulating ERK and MAPK signalling. Highlights CoCl2 induces ROR upregulation; Overexpression of ROR reduces CoCl2-induced HK-2 cell injury; Silence of ROR promotes CoCl2-induced HK-2 cell injury; Overexpression of ROR decreases miR-145 expression; ROR overexpression modulates ERK and MAPK signalling pathways through regulation of miR-145. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 The Western blots and other figures in this paper have an interesting layout that appears to be shared with many other papers, as discussed in a January 2020 post on Leonid Schneider s blog: https: forbetterscience.com 2020 01 24 the-full-service-paper-mill-and-its-chinese-customers The list of these papers is available here: https: docs.google.com spreadsheets d 1KXqTAyl4j-jVorFPMD2XRpr76LcIKJ0CVyIvRj0exYQ edit?usp=sharing In almost all papers, Western blot panels within the same figure, and across figures and papers, appear to share the same background, while the bands are regularly spaced, all have similar rounded edges without the usual smudges and specks, and with some bands showing a recognizable  jumping sardine shape. Also in almost all papers, bar graphs show a characteristic layout with bars in solid shades of grey, and the left-most bar in black, as well as double-edged error bars. Many papers have  cell viability and  apoptotic cells graphs. To illustrate the recognizable layout of the graphs in this paper, here is Figure 1. ![file] , 
 Expression of Concern [11 January 2021] . ---------------------------------------------- We, the Publisher and Editor of Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, are issuing an Expression of Concern for the following article: Hai Ge, Jing Liu, Fengxian Liu, Yanan Sun Rong Yang (2019) Long non-coding RNA ROR mitigates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia injury through regulation of miR-145. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:1, 2221u20132229, DOI: 10.1080 21691401.2019.1620759 After publication of this article, questions about the scientific integrity of the article content were brought to the Publisher and Editoru2019s attention. We reached out to the authors requesting that they supply information that would confirm the articleu2019s integrity. The authors provided several files in response to our queries, but they were unable to provide the original data in a format which satisfies our requirements to confirm the authenticity of some types of data, including the western blots. Therefore, as we continue to work through the issues raised, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. The authors have been notified about this Expression of Concern. , 
 The Affiliated Qingdao 3rd People s Hospital announced the results of an investigation, on [29 September 2021](http: www.qd3y.cn xxgk_detail.aspx?id=5526 typeid=41). Thanks Google Translate for translation. ---------------- In order to strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity, severely punish violations, and create a good environment for scientific and technological innovation, the relevant paper issues recently investigated and dealt with by this unit are hereby notified as follows. Hospital , Yang Rong corresponding author Ge Hai, Liu Jing published tied for first author of the paper  Long non-Coding RNA ROR mitigates Cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia injury through Regulation of miR-145  , and upon inspection, the Department of fabricated research exists Process (false experiment), deal with relevant responsible personnel: - 1. Corresponding author Yang Rong and first author Liu Jing : Talks about scientific research integrity and admonition; circulate criticism within a certain range; suspend current research projects and research activities in research, and rectify within a time limit; cancelapplications or applications for science and technology plan projects (special projects, funds)within5 years Etc.), science and technology awards, titles of science and technology talents, and qualifications for promotion of professional and technical positions; manuscripts are retracted. - 2. The first author Ge Hai : Talks on scientific research integrity admonitions; circulate criticism within a certain range ; suspend current research projects and research activities in research, and rectify within a time limit; cancel scientific research awards (hospitals) obtained for the papers involved; cancel applications within 5 years or Apply for the qualifications of science and technology plan projects (special projects, funds, etc.), science and technology awards, science and technology talent titles, and professional and technical job promotion; cancel the membership or membership of academic organizations such as societies, associations, research associations, and academic work institutions such as academic and degree committees ; Cancellation of qualifications as nominees or recommenders, nominees or recommenders, review experts, etc. within five years ; withdrawn. - 3, the second author Liu Fengxian : Research Integrity admonishing him; through a certain range reported criticism; pause currently in research projects and research activities, rectification; cancellation application within 5 years or declaration of science and technology projects (projects, funds, etc.), science and technology awards Qualifications for the title of scientific and technological talents and promotion of professional and technical positions ; cancellation of membership or membership of academic organizations such as societies, associations, research associations, and academic and degree committees; cancellation of being nominated or recommended by, nominated or recommended within 5 years Qualifications such as personnel, review experts, etc. - 4, the third of Sun Yanan : Research Integrity admonishing him; a certain range through newspaper criticism ; pause currently in research projects and research activities, rectification; cancellation application within one year or declaration science and technology projects (projects, funds, etc.), science and technology awards , Qualifications for the title of scientific and technological talents and promotion of professional and technical positions. ,