Osteogenic activity of titanium surfaces with nanonetwork structures
Authors: Joji Okazaki
Helin Xing
Tohru Sekino
Satoshi Komasa
Yoichiro Taguchi
Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine (2014)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; nanotopography; osseointegration; surface modification.
Affiliations: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China ; Graduate School of Dentistry (Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion), Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan., Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan., Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan., Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.

Abstract:  Background: Titanium surfaces play an important role in affecting osseointegration of dental implants. Previous studies have shown that the titania nanotube promotes osseointegration by enhancing osteogenic differentiation. Only relatively recently have the effects of titanium surfaces with other nanostructures on osteogenic differentiation been investigated. Methods: In this study, we used NaOH solutions with concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 M to develop a simple and useful titanium surface modification that introduces the nanonetwork structures with titania nanosheet (TNS) nanofeatures to the surface of titanium disks. The effects of such a modified nanonetwork structure, with different alkaline concentrations on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), were evaluated. Results: The nanonetwork structures with TNS nanofeatures induced by alkali etching markedly enhanced BMMSC functions of cell adhesion and osteogenesis-related gene expression, and other cell behaviors such as proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix deposition, and mineralization were also significantly increased. These effects were most pronounced when the concentration of NaOH was 10.0 M. Conclusion: The results suggest that nanonetwork structures with TNS nanofeatures improved BMMSC proliferation and induced BMMSC osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the surfaces formed with 10.0 M NaOH suggest the potential to improve the clinical performance of dental implants. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 image duplication ![file] Disclaimer: These potential image duplications have been detected automatically using ImageTwin http: dx.doi.org 10.1145 3019612.3019875 Although results have been curated, the automatic algorithm may have generated false positive results and cannot take into account all scientific explanations for apparent duplications like stripped and reprobed blots, time series, serial sections and reused controls. , 
 #1 One more (red boxes): ![file] , 
 Figure 8B, overlap between two panels (pink boxes): ![file] , 
 Retracted July 20, 2021 The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised of alleged image duplication observed in several figures within the article. Specifically: Figure 7A panel 10.0 M 1 week appears to be duplicated with Figure 7B panel 10.0 M 2 weeks. Figure 7A panel 5.0 M 1 week appears to be duplicated with Figure 7A panel 12.5 M 1 week. Figure 8B panel CON 4 weeks appears to be duplicated with Figure 8B panel 2.5 M 4 weeks. Despite several attempts the authors did not respond to our queries and the decision was made to retract the article. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u201cRetractedu201d. ,