Newcastle disease virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein induces strong mucosal and serum antibody responses in Guinea pigs
Authors: Peter L Collins
Sunil K Khattar
Sweety Samal
Anthony L Devico
Siba K Samal
Journal: Journal of Virology (2011)
Discipline: MICROBIOLOGY
Keywords: HIV-1; mucosal immunity; vaccine vector; Newcastle disease virus; gp160 envelope protein
Affiliations: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Abstract:  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted mainly through mucosal sites. Optimum strategies to elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity are critical for the development of vaccines against HIV-1. We therefore sought to evaluate the induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses by the use of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a vaccine vector. We generated a recombinant NDV, designated rLaSota/gp160, expressing the gp160 envelope (Env) protein of HIV-1 from an added gene. The gp160 protein expressed by rLaSota/gp160 virus was detected on an infected cell surface and was incorporated into the NDV virion. Biochemical studies showed that gp160 present in infected cells and in the virion formed a higher-order oligomer that retained recognition by conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies. Expression of gp160 did not increase the virulence of recombinant NDV (rNDV) strain LaSota. Guinea pigs were administered rLaSota/gp160 via the intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) route in different prime-boost combinations. Systemic and mucosal antibody responses specific to the HIV-1 envelope protein were assessed in serum and vaginal washes, respectively. Two or three immunizations via the i.n. or i.m. route induced a more potent systemic and mucosal immune response than a single immunization by either route. Priming by the i.n. route was more immunogenic than by the i.m. route, and the same was true for the boosts. Furthermore, immunization with rLaSota/gp160 by any route or combination of routes induced a Th1-type response, as reflected by the induction of stronger antigen-specific IgG2a than IgG1 antibody responses. Additionally, i.n. immunization elicited a stronger neutralizing serum antibody response to laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain MN.3. These data illustrate that it is feasible to use NDV as a vaccine vector to elicit potent humoral and mucosal responses to the HIV-1 envelope protein. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
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 2020 retraction. https: jvi.asm.org content 94 6 e01868-19 It has been called to our attention that some lanes of Fig. 3, 5, and 10 have used the wrong samples. These mistakes happened during the assembly of the figures. We are taking responsibility for the mistakes and retracting the paper. S.K.K. did not agree to the retraction. , 
 Reposting Figure 5C, which got eaten during the PubPeer update. The text should read:  Figure 5C. The left 2 lanes and the right 2 lanes are unexpectedly similar. The area under the bands in the left 2 lanes appears to have been stretched and used in the right 2 lanes to represent another experiment. Similarities highlighted with blue boxes in this illustration: ![file] The journal did not notify me of this retraction. ,