<p>miR-30d Induced Apoptosis by Targeting Sox4 to Inhibit the Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Nephroblastoma</p>
Authors: Shi Zong
Jia Zhao
Ling Liu
Journal: OncoTargets and Therapy (2020)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: GEO; Sox4; invasion; miR-30d; nephroblastoma
Affiliations: Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China., Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China., Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.

Abstract:  Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is an embryonic malignant tumor, and its related mechanism is still unclear. microRNA (miR), as a short-chain non-coding RNA, has low expression in various tumors. In this study, WT differential miR was screened by multi-chip in GEO database and its mechanism was explored to provide potential therapeutic targets and ideas for clinic. Methods: We logged into GEO database and downloaded GSE57370 and GSE48137 chip matrix files to analyze potential differences in miR. TargetScan, miRDB, miRTarBase and starBase were applied to predict the target genes of miR with significant differences. qRT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of miR-30d and Sox4 in WT tissue and cell line (G401). The interaction of miR-30d with Sox4 was confirmed by qRT-PCR, Western blot and luciferase assay, respectively. CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry were applied to determine the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of cells. Results: We found that miR-30d was low expressed in two chips. qRT-PCR showed that miR-30d was down-regulated and SOX4 was up-regulated in WT tissues and cells. The online target gene prediction software showed there was a targeted binding site between Sox4 and miR-30d. Sox4 was negatively controlled by miR-30d. Subsequent studies found that over-expression of miR-30d inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration and induced apoptosis of C64 and WiT49 cells. In addition, Sox4 could reverse the proliferation, invasion and migration of C64 and WiT49 induced by miR-30d and induce apoptosis. Conclusion: miR-30d is poorly expressed in WT and can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration by mediating Sox4. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 4D: ![file] Fig 7F. ![file] Each panel contains a halo of regularly-spaced dots, surrounding a central clump with a curious texture, woven or crocheted in appearance (see e.g. [Wang, Zhao Wang, 2020] for similar results). Perhaps these are instrumentation artefacts of some kind. Is it possible for the authors to upload the raw data files to a data repository somewhere? , 
 Retracted [2 September 2021] . ---------------------- The Editor and Publisher of *OncoTargets and Therapy* wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the flow cytometry and western blot data reported in the article. The authors responded to our initial queries but were unable to verify the original data and have therefore agreed to retract the article. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u201cRetractedu201d. ,