Glycogen synthase kinase 3β regulates IRF3 transcription factor-mediated antiviral response via activation of the kinase TBK1
Authors: Jing Zhang
Yu Zhang
Shuai Wang
Cao-Qi Lei
Bo Zhong
Hong-Bing Shu
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Discipline: IMMUNOLOGY
Keywords: Viral infection; IRF3; NF-κB; GSK3β; IFN-β
Affiliations: College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Abstract:  Viral infection activates transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, which collaborate to induce type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we identified glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as an important regulator for virus-triggered IRF3 and NF-κB activation, IFN-β induction, and cellular antiviral response. Overexpression of GSK3β potentiated virus-induced activation of IRF3 and transcription of the IFNB1 gene, whereas reduced expression or deletion of GSK3β impaired virus-induced IRF3 and NF-κB activation, transcription of the IFNB1 gene, as well as cellular antiviral response. GSK3β physically associated with the kinase TBK1 in a viral infection-dependent manner. GSK3β promoted TBK1 self-association and autophosphorylation at Ser172, which is critical for virus-induced IRF3 activation and IFN-β induction. The effect of GSK3β on virus-induced signaling is independent of its kinase activity. Our findings suggest that GSK3β plays important roles in virus-triggered IRF3 activation by promoting TBK1 activation and provide new insights to the molecular mechanisms of cellular antiviral response. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels. Despite these similarities, these papers are authored by researchers from different departments and institutes, with almost no overlap in authors. The list of these papers is available here: https: docs.google.com spreadsheets d 1KXqTAyl4j-jVorFPMD2XRpr76LcIKJ0CVyIvRj0exYQ edit?usp=sharing A more detailed description of this set of papers, suspected to all be generated by a common source, a paper mill , can be found here: * https: forbetterscience.com 2020 01 24 the-full-service-paper-mill-and-its-chinese-customers (January 2020) * https: scienceintegritydigest.com 2020 02 21 the-tadpole-paper-mill (February 2020) The same paper mill has been described in these papers: * Jana Christopher - Systematic fabrication of scientific images revealed - FEBS Letters (2018) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13201 * Jennifer A Byrne and Jana Christopher - Digital magic, or the dark arts of the 21st centuryu2014how can journals and peer reviewers detect manuscripts and publications from paper mills? - FEBS Letters (2020) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13747 , 
 http: www.most.gov.cn zxgz kycxjs kycxgzdt 202201 t20220127_179206.html Google Translated Date: January 27, 2022 14:44 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology u3000u300045. The paper  Ligustrazine Inhibits Growth, Migration and Invasion of Medulloblastoma Daoy Cells by Up-Regulation of miR-211 in which Li Dongyuan is the corresponding author and Xu Donghui is the first author of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University. After investigation, the paper has the behavior of buying and selling paper data. Xu Donghui (merged with another paper) will be dealt with as follows: cancel the application qualifications for scientific and technological projects (special projects, funds, etc.) for 6 years, cancel the qualifications for various awards and evaluations for 2 years, cancel the qualifications for valid applications for job titles and professional title promotions once , withholding post allowance for 24 months, and prohibition from participating in postgraduate admissions qualification review for 2 years; for Li Dongyuan (merged with another paper), the following treatment will be made: cancel the application qualification of scientific and technological plan projects (special projects, funds, etc.) for 5 years, cancel all kinds of Qualifications for awards and merits are 2 years, the qualification for valid application for post and professional title promotion is cancelled once, the post allowance is deducted for 12 months, prohibited from participating in the postgraduate admissions qualification review for 1 year, and the post of chief physician is revoked; Combined processing) shall be dealt with as follows: cancel the application qualification for scientific and technological plan projects (special projects, funds, etc.) for 5 years, cancel the qualification for various awards and evaluations for 2 years, cancel the qualification for valid declaration of position and professional title promotion once, withhold the post allowance for 12 months, Prohibition from participating in the postgraduate admissions qualification examination for 1 year. u3000u3000(Notification link: https: jluxfjs.jlu.edu.cn content.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl wbtreeid=1021 wbnewsid=1466) ,