MicroRNA-154 inhibits growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through targeting E2F5
Authors: Zhimin Fan
Shan Zong
Hui Xu
Dan Fei
Journal: American journal of translational research (2016)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Breast cancer; E2F5; invasion; migration; proliferation.
Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, China., Department of Ultrasonographic, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130033, China.

Abstract:  Accumulating evidence suggested that microRNA-154 (miR-154) might play important roles in the development of various cancer types. However, the role of miR-154 in breast cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here, miR-154 expression level was measured via quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in 36 pairs of human breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues and in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, cycle, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK8 assay, flow cytometer assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot was used to verify E2F transcription factor 5 protein (E2F5) as a novel target gene of miR-154. Our results showed that miR-154 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-154 in MCF-7 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased cell arrest at G0/G1 stage in vitro. E2F5 was identified as a target of miR-154, and its expression was inversely correlated with miR-154 expression in clinical breast cancer tissues. In addition, downregulation of E2F5 in MCF7 cells had similar effect on cell proliferation, cycle, migration and invasion by miR-154 induced. These findings indicate that miR-154 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting E2F5, suggesting miR-154 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 5B.  E2F5 protein expression was detected in breast cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues by western blot . ![file] Same loading control as in Fig 5b of [Qu et al (2016)] . Other manifestations are linked in that thread. ![] Elements of the E2F5 band can be found in e.g. Fig 6 of [Liu et al (2015)] . ![] , 
 Fig 5D.  E2F5 protein expression was detected in four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and MDA-MB-453) and human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) by western blot. u03b2-actin was used as internal control. ![file] For comparison: *[left]* Fig 3C from [Ge et al (2016)] .  Western blot analysis of uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression following transfection with miR-497 mimic or miR-control. GAPDH was used as an internal control . *[right]* Figs 3C,E from [Liu et al (2015)] .  The ... (C) protein expression levels of PTEN were detected in the HCC cells after transfection with miR-494 mimic or inhibitor. ![file] Fig 6b from [Chen et al (2017)] .  SOX4 expression on mRNA level and protein level was determined in U2OS cells transfected with miR-25 or miR-Ctrl and with or without SOX4 overexpression plasmid by... western blot . ![file] , 
 Fig 2C.  Cell colony formation was determined in MCF-7 cells transfected with miR-154 mimic or miR-Ctrl. ![file] , 
 *[left]* Fig 4D.  E2F5 protein expression was detected in MCF-7 cells transfected with miR-154 mimic or miR-Ctrl. *[right]* Fig 4D from [Tian et al (2016)] .  Levels of E2F5 protein was determined by Western blot in SKOV3 cells transfected with miR-132 mimic or miR-NC . ![file] , 
 #3 *[left]* Fig 2C. *[right]* Fig 2C from [Li et al (2016)] . ![file] UPDATE: Fig 2C from [Zhao et al (2015)] .  Effects of miR-491-5p overexpression on the colony formation of cervical cancer cells were determined . ![file] , 
 *[middle]* Fig 2D from [**Xu et al (2016)**] .  Cell cycle arrest was determined in MCF7 cells transfected with miR-154 mimic or miR-Ctrl by flow cytometer assay . *[left]* Fig 2C from [Yang et al (2018)] .  Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle arrest in SKOV3 cells transfected with si-PVT1 or si-Ctrl . *[right]* Fig 2C from [Liu et al (2017)] . Cell  cycle distribution ... determined in TPC-1 cells transfected with miR-363 mimic or miR-NC. ![file] Could the authors of any of these papers comment on the appearance of the same flow-cytometry histograms in all three of them? UPDATE: Another sighting! Fic 2C from [Liu, Wang Liu (2019)] . ![] ,