Characterization of stromal vascular fraction and adipose stem cells from subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral morbidly obese human adipose tissue depots
Authors: Radovan Borojevic
Isis Côrtes
Antônio Augusto Peixoto Souza
João Regis Ivar Carneiro
Leandra Santos Baptista
Karina Ribeiro Silva
Sally Liechocki
Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
Journal: PLoS ONE (2017)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: obesity; adipose tissue; stromal vascular fractions; adipose stem cells; subcutaneous
Affiliations: Post-graduation Program of Medical Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Nutrology Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Surgery Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Center of Regenerative Medicine, Petrópolis Faculty of Medicine - FASE, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Xerem - Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Abstract:  Background/objectives: The pathological condition of obesity is accompanied by a dysfunctional adipose tissue. We postulate that subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral obese abdominal white adipose tissue depots could have stromal vascular fractions (SVF) with distinct composition and adipose stem cells (ASC) that would differentially account for the pathogenesis of obesity. Methods: In order to evaluate the distribution of SVF subpopulations, samples of subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral adipose tissues from morbidly obese women (n = 12, BMI: 46.2±5.1 kg/m2) were collected during bariatric surgery, enzymatically digested and analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 12). ASC from all depots were evaluated for morphology, surface expression, ability to accumulate lipid after induction and cytokine secretion (n = 3). Results: A high content of preadipocytes was found in the SVF of subcutaneous depot (p = 0.0178). ASC from the three depots had similar fibroblastoid morphology with a homogeneous expression of CD34, CD146, CD105, CD73 and CD90. ASC from the visceral depot secreted the highest levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and G-CSF (p = 0.0278). Interestingly, preperitoneal ASC under lipid accumulation stimulus showed the lowest levels of all the secreted cytokines, except for adiponectin that was enhanced (p = 0.0278). Conclusions: ASC from preperitoneal adipose tissue revealed the less pro-inflammatory properties, although it is an internal adipose depot. Conversely, ASC from visceral adipose tissue are the most pro-inflammatory. Therefore, ASC from subcutaneous, visceral and preperitoneal adipose depots could differentially contribute to the chronic inflammatory scenario of obesity. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 *[right]* Fig 2B from [Zhang et al (2019)] .  Overexpression of miR-24 triggers apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.... B: Annexin V PI staining showing the apoptosis in NC or miR-24 mimics transfected SW48 colorectal cancer cells. *[left]* Figure 5 from [Wen et al (2019)] .  Flow cytometry of the apoptotic cell populations of the SCC-1 human oral squamous cancer cells treated with xanthoxyletin . ![file] , 
 The paper has undergone a stealth revision correction, replacing Fig 2, in an acceptance that it was problematic. The version currently provided on the journal website was created modified on 16 January 2021. ![file] Interested readers can still consult the original version (created on 8 August 2019) via the copy [archived at ResearchGate] . ![file] , 
 Retracted [November December 2021] .  Following the publication of this article [1], readers drew to our attention that part of the data was unreliable: Figures of this article appeared in other articles (by totally different authors). The authors were requested to provide the raw data and were also asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, however, the Editorial Office hasnu2019t received any reasonable reply. Recently, the Corresponding author Dr. Weizhong Tang sent an email to the journal office: *u2018The first author Qiuhuan Zhang admitted including me as the corresponding author in the paper without my agreement. I was unaware of this study until after publication. Actually, I never knew that my postgraduates or fellows had studied MicroRNA-24 or DND1 in my team. Otherwise, email of the corresponding author in this article TMurphybiff@yahoo.com was not used or authorized by me at all. My institutional email is tangweizhong@gxmu.edu.cn, and it has been used in all of my publications for several years. Therefore, I am applying for a retraction of this article.u2018*. Meanwhile, we completed the investigation and found that some of the data in this article was unreliable. Given all above, we decided to retract this article. Authors were informed of the retraction. We thank the readers for bringing this matter to our attention. We apologize for any inconvenience it may cause. ,