Monocrotaline: histological damage and oxidant activity in brain areas of mice
Authors: Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
José Eduardo Ribeiro Honório Jr
Germana Silva Vasconcelos
Francisca Taciana Sousa Rodrigues
Carlos Clayton Torres Aguiar
José Guedes Sena Filho
Marta Maria de França Fonteles
José Maria Barbosa-Filho
David John Woods
Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2012)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: MCT effect; histopathological analysis; hippocampus; parahippocampal cortex; oxidative stress
Affiliations: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127-60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127-60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil, School of Medicine, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Rua Desembargador Floriano Benevides Magalhães, 221 3° Andar, 60811-690 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60431-327 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Delmiro de Farias s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, 60416-030, CE, Brazil, School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand

Abstract:  This work was designed to study MCT effect in histopathological analysis of hippocampus (HC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and in oxidative stress (OS) parameters in brain areas such as hippocampus (HC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum (ST). Swiss mice (25-30 g) were administered a single i.p. dose of MCT (5, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or 4% Tween 80 in saline (control group). After 30 minutes, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the brain areas (HC, PHC, PFC, or ST) were removed for histopathological analysis or dissected and homogenized for measurement of OS parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and catalase) by spectrophotometry. Histological evaluation of brain structures of rats treated with MCT (50 and 100 mg/kg) revealed lesions in the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex compared to control. Lipid peroxidation was evident in all brain areas after administration of MCT. Nitrite/nitrate content decreased in all doses administered in HC, PFC, and ST. Catalase activity was increased in the MCT group only in HC. In conclusion, monocrotaline caused cell lesions in the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex regions and produced oxidative stress in the HC, PFC, and ST in mice. These findings may contribute to the neurological effects associated with this compound. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figs 2D, 3D. ![file] Coloured boxes mark matching panels in Fig 5C of [Kang et al (2019)] . ![file] , 
 ![file] Central panel from Fig 3D. Left-hand panel is from Fig 5C of [Kang et al (2019)] . Right-hand panel from Fig 6B of [Yin et al (2020)] . Here in context: ![file] , 
 Retracted [4 October 2021] . --------------------------------- The Editor and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised over alleged image duplication in Figures 2D and 3D with similar images from an unrelated article, specifically: - Figure 2D, panels pcDNA3.1 and pHAND2-AS1 appear to have been duplicated with similar images in Figure 5C from Kang et al, 2019 . - Figure 3D, panels si-NC and si-HAND2-AS1 appear to have been duplicated with similar images in Figure 5C from Kang et al, 2019 . The authors did not respond to our queries and the Editor determined the findings of the study were no longer valid and advised for the article to be retracted. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u201cRetractedu201d. ,