ST6GalNAcII mediates tumor invasion through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Xiaolong Miao
Yongfu Zhao
Journal: Oncology Reports (2016)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: sialylation; tumor progression; metastasis; ST6GalNAcII; invasion
Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, P.R. China., Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, P.R. China.

Abstract:  Altered sialylation, closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis, has been implicated in human thyroid carcinoma. The present study investigated the alteration in expression of ST6GalNAcII involved in invasion and to clarify the possible mechanism of ST6GalNAcII in the metastasis process in human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Using real-time PCR, western blot and IHC analysis, ST6GalNAcII differed in three follicular thyroid cancer cell lines (FTC133, primary and FTC238, lung metastasis). It also showed differential expression in follicular thyroid carcinoma and tissue specimens. In addition, we analyzed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The altered expression of ST6GalNAcII corresponded to changed invasive phenotype of FTC-238 and FTC-133 cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies showed that regulating ST6GalNAcII expression markedly modulated the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor LY294002, or by Akt small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in reduced capacity in invasion of FTC-238. In conclusion, taken together, our results imply that ST6GalNAcII activated the invasion in follicular thyroid cancer cells through regulating the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 4A.  SKOV3 cells and HEY cells were treated with TRAIL alone, Lv sh-NOB1 alone, or the combination for 24 h. The anti-apoptosis protein, survivin and Bcl-2 protein expression were examined by Western blot using corresponding antibodies . ![file] The SKOV3 lanes share their loading control with Fig 3B of [Sang et al (2016)](http: www.ijcem.com files ijcem0019312.pdf).  PIK3R3 on ... protein level were determined in 786-O cells transfected with si-PIK3R3 or si-NC by... western blot. ![file] Also seen in *[left]* Figs 3E of [Yang et al (2015)] .  western blot analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression following treatment with SOR and CDDP alone or combination . ![file] Also Fig 4 of [Li et al (2015)] . ![] , 
 Fig 5.  Cells were treated with TRAIL for 12 h, followed by treated with Lv sh-NOB1 or Lv sh-Scramble for 24 h, and the expression of DR4, DR5, ERK, p-ERK, JNK, p-JNK, p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK were determined by western blot . ![file] The loading control for the SKOV3 lanes is a different segment of the same familiar band. Here illustrated with Fig 3B of [Sang et al (2016)](http: www.ijcem.com files ijcem0019312.pdf). ![file] Loading control for the HEY lanes appears to be from *[right]* Fig 4A of [Yang et al (2015)] , though there identified as beta-Actin rather than GAPDH. ![file] , 
 Fig 6A.  Graphs of the tumor tissue from different experimental groups . ![file] Fig 6B from [Rao et al (2017)] .  miR-122 suppresses xenograft tumor growth in vivo by targeting CREB1. ... B. The mice were killed at 30 days after inoculation, and [SGC-7901] tumor tissues was excised and imaged. ![file] Other arrangements of the tumors are linked in that thread. , 
 #1 *[below]* Fig 4A again. *[above]* Fig 5D from [Jin et al (2015)] .  The expression of SOX4 protein was determined by western blot assay . ![file] Other manifestations of the survivin band: *[left]* Fig 5 from [Liu et al (2015)] .  Effect of DOX and Ad sh-NOB1 alone or in combination on the p38MAPK signaling pathway in TPC-1 cells. Phosphorylation activation pattern of p38MAPK, ERK1 2 and JNK was measured by western blotting 12 h after treatment with DOX and Ad sh-NOB1 alone or in combination in TPC-1 cells. GAPDH was used as an internal control. *[right]* Fig 4d from [Li et al (2016)] .  AKT3 and p-AKT protein expression in K1 cells transfected with miR-29a mimic or miR-Ctrl were determined by Western blot. qRT-PCR and Western blot data were normalized to GAPDH . ![] , 
 Retracted [15 July 2021] .  In this article, there were unmodifiable errors. We found that we were not able to reproduce certain of the results presented in this paper. All the authors of this paper have agreed to withdraw the manuscript. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience that might result from the retraction of this article. ,