Geniposide protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury via up-regulation of miR-145-5p
Authors: Shaolong Ma
Chao Zhang
Yuxuan Dai
Rui Jiang
Rui Gu
Ziyan Zhang
Journal: Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (2019)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Geniposide; PC12 cell; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); miR-145-5p; spinal cord injury (SCI).
Affiliations: a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China., b Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China., c Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China.

Abstract:  Geniposide is an active ingredient with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was to examine the effects of geniposide on a cell model of spinal cord injury (SCI). PC12 cells were administrated with geniposide before subjected to LPS. The effects of geniposide were analyzed by utilizing CCK-8 assay, apoptosis assay, ELISA, RT-qPCR and Western blot. We found that PC12 cells viability was unchanged by treating with geniposide. However, geniposide with concentrations of 200 or 300 μg/mL significantly mitigated LPS-evoked viability loss. Meanwhile, apoptosis driven by LPS was mitigated by geniposide, which accompanied with p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 down-regulation, and Bcl-2 up-regulation. Besides this, the expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α evoked by LPS were mitigated by geniposide. miR-145-5p was a target of geniposide. miR-145-5p expression was up-regulated by geniposide, and geniposide did not protect PC12 cells against LPS injury when miR-145-5p was silenced. Moreover, geniposide inhibited NF-κB and JNK pathways via up-regulating miR-145-5p. In short, the present work described the neuroprotective effects of geniposide by targeting miR-145-5p. Further mechanisms involved in geniposide's beneficial effects are correlated with the inhibited NF-κB and JNK pathways. Highlights Geniposide prevents LPS-induced injury in PC12 cells; Geniposide up-regulates miR-145-5p; Geniposide protects PC12 cells via up-regulation of miR-145-5p; Geniposide inhibits NF-κB and JNK pathways via up-regulation of miR-145-5p. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels. Despite these similarities, these papers are authored by researchers from different departments and institutes, with almost no overlap in authors. The list of these papers is available here: https: docs.google.com spreadsheets d 1KXqTAyl4j-jVorFPMD2XRpr76LcIKJ0CVyIvRj0exYQ edit?usp=sharing A more detailed description of this set of papers, suspected to all be generated by a common source, a paper mill , can be found here: * https: forbetterscience.com 2020 01 24 the-full-service-paper-mill-and-its-chinese-customers (January 2020) * https: scienceintegritydigest.com 2020 02 21 the-tadpole-paper-mill (February 2020) The same paper mill has been described in these papers: * Jana Christopher - Systematic fabrication of scientific images revealed - FEBS Letters (2018) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13201 * Jennifer A Byrne and Jana Christopher - Digital magic, or the dark arts of the 21st centuryu2014how can journals and peer reviewers detect manuscripts and publications from paper mills? - FEBS Letters (2020) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13747 , 
 Expression of Concern [11 January 2021] . ----------------------------- We, the publisher and editor of Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, are issuing an Expression of Concern for the following article: Shaolong Ma, Chao Zhang, Ziyan Zhang, Yuxuan Dai, Rui Gu Rui Jiang (2019) Geniposide protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury via up-regulation of miR-145-5p. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:1, 2875u20132881, DOI: 10.1080 21691401.2019.1626406 After publication of this article, questions about the scientific integrity of the article content were brought to the Publisher and Editoru2019s attention. We reached out to the authors requesting that they supply information that would confirm the articleu2019s integrity. The authors provided several files in response to our queries, but they were unable to provide the original data in a format which satisfies our requirements to confirm the authenticity of some types of data, including western blots. Therefore, as we continue to work through the issues raised, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. The authors have been notified about this Expression of Concern. ,