RETRACTED: Salidroside protects ATDC5 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury through up-regulation of microRNA-145 in osteoarthritis
Authors: Wanguo Liu
Jingzhe Zhang
Wenjun Wang
Meihan Liu
Journal: International Immunopharmacology (2019)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: Lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB; Salidroside; microRNA-145; p38MAPK.
Affiliations: Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China., Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China., Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China. Electronic address: .

Abstract:  Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of degenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage. Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea L., which exhibits diverse pharmacological effects in different diseases. However, the effects of SAL on OA remain largely unclear. The study aimed to investigate the roles of SAL in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in murine ATDC5 chondrocyte cells. Methods: LPS induced ATDC5 cell injury model was constructed by determining cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-associated factors as well as inflammatory cytokines expressions and concentrations. Then, the various concentrations of SAL were used to treat ATDC5 cells, and the effect of SAL on LPS-induce inflammatory injury was detected. After treatment with SAL, the expression level of miR-145 was measured by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, miR-145 inhibitor and corresponding control were transfected into ATDC5 cells to explore the influences of miR-145 in LPS-induce inflammatory injury. Besides, the key signaling pathways of NF-κB and p38MAPK were analyzed by using western blot. Results: LPS inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis, activated cleaved-caspase-3/-9 expression, as well as increased IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α expressions and secretions in ATDC5 cells. SAL significantly alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-145 was up-regulated by SAL. The protective effect of SAL on LPS-induced injury was obviously reversed by miR-145 inhibition. Furthermore, SAL inactivated NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways by regulating miR-145. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SAL could protect ATDC5 cells against LPS-induced injury via up-regulation of miR-145 in ATDC5 chondrocyte cells. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 The authors here make the argument, much developed elsewhere also, that Barberry (*Berberis vulgaris*) is not native to the British Isles, however, they make no mention of the fact that the species has been recorded from Neolithic deposits at Grimes Graves (West Norfolk in the East of England). The species has also frequently been considered native by the authors of local Floras, e.g., to give just two examples, Donald Grose in the 1957 Flora of Wiltshire considered it to be native in the north of that county and cited numerous locations; more recently Martin Sandford considered it to be native to parts of Suffolk (Flora of Suffolk, 2010). Of course, these facts do not prove that the species arrived in Britain without the aid of humans, far from it, but it must be noted that Barnes et al. by no means consider all of the available evidence in reaching their verdict. ,