Long non-coding RNA ANRIL down-regulates microRNA-7 to protect human trabecular meshwork cells in an experimental model for glaucoma
Authors: J Zhao
M Wang
H Sun
J-L Zhang
X-J Du
J-M Zhang
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2019)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: INK4 locus; long non-coding RNA; lncRNA; ANRIL; trabecular meshwork
Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: Although the potential involvements of INK4 locus reported in glaucoma, the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) on trabecular meshwork (TM) cells remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA ANRIL on the oxidative injury of human TM cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods: Oxidative injury of human TM cells was induced by H2O2 stimulation. Cell viability, apoptotic cells, expression of proteins related to apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were testified by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, Western blot analysis, and DCFH-DA staining, respectively. LncRNA ANRIL was overexpressed, and its effects on H2O2-injured TM cells were analyzed. Afterward, miR-7 expression in lncRNA ANRIL overexpressing-cells was determined by RT-qPCR. Moreover, it was verified whether lncRNA ANRIL affected H2O2-treated TM cells via miR-7, followed by the measurements of the involved signaling pathways. Results: H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability and the increases in apoptosis and ROS generation were significantly attenuated by lncRNA ANRIL overexpression. miR-7 expression was down-regulated by lncRNA ANRIL, and miR-7 overexpression abrogated the effects of lncRNA ANRIL on H2O2-treated TM cells. Phosphorylation levels of the key kinases in the mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways were enhanced by lncRNA ANRIL via down-regulating miR-7 in H2O2-treated TM cells. Conclusions: LncRNA ANRIL attenuated oxidative injury of human TM cells and activated the mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways, possibly through down-regulating miR-7. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 **Discussion** Among the countries that do not approve of the global model, Norway, Iceland, Russia and Canada are all members of NAFO, while Norway, Iceland and Russia are also parties to NEAFC (Wu, 2018). References [48] Wu, L. (2018): A Review of 300,000 Foreign Students Plan of Japan over the Past Decade (2008-2017): Analysis based on International Students in Japan by JASSO. u2013 Argos 35(71). Could the authors explain the relevance of Reference 48? , 
  Many countries proposed to draw lessons from the EBSA (ecologically or biologically significant marine areas) criteria, and CBD guidelines on MPA networks (Ayer et al., 2018; Ilyas et al., 2018). - [17] Ilyas, F., Arif, M., Iftikhar, A., Sattar, A., Cuong, D. M., Ilyas, M., Parveen, A. (2018): **Indigenous Vesicular Mycorrhizal Fungi Effect on Maize Under Different Textures**. u2013 Earth Sciences Pakistan 2(2): 12-15.  Others noted that criteria would vary depending on the regional circumstances and should include, inter alia, biological productivity and or diversity (Ban et al., 2017; Rahim et al., 2018). - [36] Rahim, Y., Khan, M. S., Mughal, S. (2018): **Petrography Of Sandstone Of The Lumshiwal Formation From Eastern Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Implications For Provenance, Diagenesis And Environments Of Deposition**. u2013 Earth Sciences Pakistan 2(2): 01-06 What?  In 2012 and 2013, Russia even pointed that it would refuse further negotiations if the two issues were not resolved (Shoda et al., 2017). - [39] Shoda, S., Lucquin, A., Ahn, J. H., Hwang, C. J., Craig, O. E. (2017): **Pottery use by early holocene hunter-gatherers of the korean peninsula closely linked with the exploitation of marine resources**. u2013 Quaternary Science Reviews 170: 164-173. Tell us more!  The SPRFMO Convention provided that decisions by the Commission shall be taken by consensus (Schulze et al., 2017). - [38] Schulze, A., Grimes, C. J., Rudek, T. E. (2017): Tough, armed and omnivorous: hermodice carunculata (annelida: amphinomidae) is prepared for ecological challenges. u2013 Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1-6. Oh dear.  In addition, the capture production of New Zealand in the Northwest Pacific is 421,646 tons, accounting for 99% of its annual total capture production (Plassjohnson et al., 2017). - [33] **Plassjohnson, J., Mcquaid, C., Porri, F. (2017): Top-down effects on intertidal mussel populations: assessing two predator guilds in a south african marine protected area**. u2013 Marine Ecology Progress 411(6): 149-159. (Needless to say, New Zealand does not have a fishing zone in the  Northwest Pacific ). , 
 Many curious features of this paper and its absurd References can be resolved by comparing it with  Dilemmas and Solutions to the Issues of High Seas Marine Protected Areas during the BBNJ Negotiation: A Brief Analysis of the Chinese Strategy ([Meng 2018] ). ![file] Meng evidently did not provide enough references, so the present author added them at random. ,