miR-24-3p Suppresses Malignant Behavior of Lacrimal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma by Targeting PRKCH to Regulate p53/p21 Pathway
Authors: Ming-Xue Zhang
Hong Zhang
Hua Tang
Jie Zhang
Journal: PLoS ONE (2016)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: MicroRNA; miR-24-3p; adenoid cystic carcinoma; tumor suppressor; proliferation
Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, Tianjin, China., Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Abstract:  MicroRNA (miRNA) may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of miRNAs in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that miR-24-3p was downreglated and functions as a tumor suppressor in human lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma by suppressing proliferation and migration/invasion while promoting apoptosis. miR-24-3p down-regulated protein kinase C eta (PRKCH) by binding to its untranslated region (3'UTR). PRKCH increased the of the cell growth and migration/invasion in ACC cells and suppressed the expression of p53 and p21 in both mRNA and protein level. The overexpression of miR-24-3p decreased its malignant phenotype. Ectopic expression of PRKCH counteracted the suppression of malignancy induced by miR-24-3p, as well as ectopic expression of miR-24-3p rescued the suppression of PRKCH in the p53/p21 pathway. These results suggest that miR-24-3p promotes the p53/p21 pathway by down-regulating PRKCH expression in lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 3B has at least one repeated image. *** ![file] , 
 Two additional possible duplications in Figure 6D. Marked with pink and green boxes. ![file] , 
 Five more possible duplications in Figures 3 and Supplemental Figure 7B. Marked with blue, orange, purple, cyan, and yellow boxes. ![file] , 
 A question for the authors: Out of curiosity, are the first, second, and third authors related, or is it a coincidence that they share the same last name? , 
 Dear Elisabeth M. Bik and Actinopolyspora Biskrensis, Thank you very much for your pointing out all errors of our papers. We have begun to check the original data and begun to apply to journals for correction of the errors including this paper. Thanks again. Best regards, Hua Tang , 
 It is just the same last name. , 
 Retraction, December 2, 2021: https: journals.plos.org plosone article?id=10.1371 journal.pone.0260999  Following the publication of this article [1], concerns were raised regarding results presented in Figs 3, 5, 6, and S7 Fig. Specifically, The following panels appear similar, but represent different experimental results: * Fig 3A left ACC-2 ASO-NC and S7B Fig right ACC-2 shR-PRKCH+ASO-miR-24-3p (4) panel * Fig 3A right ACC-M pcDNA3 and S7B Fig left ACC-M shR-PRKCH+ASO-miR-24-3p (4) panel * Fig 3A right ACCM ASO-NC and S7B Fig left ACC-M shR-PRKCH+ASO-NC (3) panel * Fig 3B ACC-2 ASO-NC 0hr and Fig 3B ACC-2 ASO-miR-24-3P 0hr * Fig 3B ACC-2 pri-miR-24-3p 48hr and Fig 3B ACC-M pri-miR-24-3p 24hr * The top left GAPDH panel of Fig 5C and the bottom right GAPDH panel of Fig 5C * The right colony assay panel for pSilencer-NC+ASO-NC ofS7 Fig and the right colony assay panel for shR-PRKCH+ASO-miR-24-3p of S7 Fig. The following panels partially overlap, but represent different experimental results: * Fig 3A left ACC-M pcDNA3, S7B Fig right ACC-M pSilencer-NC+ASO-NC (1) panel, and S7B Fig right ACC-M shR-PRKCH+ASO-miR-24-3p (4) panel * The left ACC-2 pcDNA3+pcDNA3 PRKCH (2) panel of Fig 6D and the left ACC-M pcDNA3+pcDNA3 PRKCH (2) panel of Fig 6D. * The right ACC-2 pcDNA3+pcDNA3 (1) panel of Fig 6D and the right ACC-2 pri-miR-24-3p+pcDNA3 PRKCH (4) panel of Fig 6D. The corresponding author explained that duplicate and partially overlapping panels were included inadvertently during figure preparation. In addition to the concerns raised by the journal, the corresponding author clarified that the Fig 5C ACC-2-GAPDH-pSilencer-NC panel, and the S7B Fig ACC-2-pSilencer-NC+ASO-NC, ACC-2-shR-PRKCH+ASO-NC, and ACC-M-pSilencer-NC+ASO-miR-24-3p panels are incorrect and were inadvertently included during the figure preparation. The above concerns impact multiple figure panels representing results obtained from four different types of experiments reported in the article. Underlying data and replacement panels for each figure affected by the image concerns were provided to the journal. While the replacement panels satisfactorily addressed some of the above concerns, not all issues were resolved, and the PLOS ONE Editors remain concerned about the reliability of data reporting overall in the article given the number of errors identified. Therefore, the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article. MZ, JZ, HZ, and HT agreed with the retraction. MZ, JZ, and HZ apologized for the issues with the published article. , 
 **Decisions on handling scientific research misconduct cases investigated and dealt with in 2022 (first batch)** Date 2022-05-13 Source: u3000 Author: u3000 u3010 Large, Middle and Small u3011 u3010Printu3011 u3010Closeu3011 u3000u3000The National Natural Science Foundation of China resolutely implements the spirit of the  Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Scientific Research Integrity and  Opinions on Further Promoting the Spirit of Scientists and Strengthening the Construction of Style and Study Style by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council. Horizontal science and technology are self-reliant and self-reliant, continue to carry out scientific research integrity construction, and seriously investigate and deal with scientific research misconduct involving the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The Supervision Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China conducts investigations, verifications and comprehensive judgments on the accepted scientific research integrity cases, in accordance with the Regulations of the National Natural Science Foundation of ) and  Measures for Investigation and Handling of Scientific Research Misconduct in National Natural Science Foundation of China and other regulations and systems to propose handling suggestions. After deliberation at the second executive meeting of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2022, it was decided to deal with the relevant parties involved. The 10 handling decisions (online release version) that have been criticized and criticized are hereby announced. -------------------------------- **Decision on the handling of problems such as improper manipulation of images, confusion of experimental data, and false information in project applications, progress reports and final reports published by Tang Hua et al.** - National Science and Technology Financial Supervisory Office [2022] No. 2 The Supervision Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China launched an investigation into the papers published by Tang Hua and others of Tianjin Medical University for suspected academic misconduct. The papers involved are as follows: ... u3000u3000Paper 20:  Mingxue Zhang # , Jie Zhang # , Hong Zhang*, Hua Tang*. **miR-24-3p suppresses malignant behavior of lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma by targeting prkch to regulate p53 p21 pathway**. Plos One, 2016, 11 ( 6): e0158433.u201d (marked with fund numbers 91029714, 31270818, 81572790) ... u3000u3000According to the investigation of the supporting unit, the above paper has problems such as improper operation of pictures and confusion of experimental data. The corresponding author Tang Hua is mainly responsible for the above problems. In addition, Tang Hua has included the above papers in his 7 National Natural Science Foundation of China projects (approval numbers 30873017, 91029714, 31071191, 31270818, 81572790, 91629302, 81830094) applications, progress reports, and final reports. Responsible for the objective results of false information in the project application, progress report or final report. u3000u3000After deliberation at the 12th meeting of the Fifth Session of the Supervision Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Life Medicine Professional Committee), and the approval of the 2nd Executive Meeting of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2022, it was decided to follow the thirty-fifth National Natural Science Foundation of China Regulations. Item 4 of Article 4, Item 2 of Article 16 and Item 3 of Article 17 of  Measures for Handling Misconduct in Science Fund Funding Work by the Supervision Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (for Trial Implementation) , revocation of Tang Hua National Natural Science Foundation of China Science Fund Projects  Research on the molecular mechanism of Hsa-miR-10a inhibiting colon cancer metastasis (Grant No. 30873017),  Research on the interaction between miRNA and TNF-u03b1-IKK-NF-u03baB signaling pathway genes in ovarian cancer cells (Approval No. 91029714),  Research on the mechanism of miR-372 regulating the cycle of cervical cancer cells (Approval No. 31071191),  Regulation of Ago2 stability by PSMC3 and its mechanism (Approval No. 31270818),  miR-372 in liver cancer cells Epigenetic regulation and functional mechanism of 615-5pu201d (Grant No. 81572790), u201cThe mechanism of inflammatory factors activating NF-u03baB STAT3 to regulate the malignant behavior of tumor cells and the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment through epigenetic modificationu201d ( Approval No. 91629302),  Study on the role and mechanism of m6A-RNA mediated by HPVE6 E7 in cervical cancer cells mediated by METTL3 (approval No. 81830094), recover the funds allocated for the above 7 projects, cancel the Tanghua National Natural Science Foundation of China The Science Foundation project is eligible for 5 years (January 18, 2022 to January 17, 2027), and the criticism will be given to Tang Hua. - National Natural Science Foundation of China - March 30, 2022 ,