Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Paclitaxel Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Tumor Efficacy Against Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xueliang Cheng
Mingyang Kang
Jianwu Zhao
Yang Qu
Journal: Frontiers in Oncology (2020)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: anti-inflammatory; anti-tumor; antioxidant; chitosan; osteosarcoma
Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Abstract:  Objective: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) nanoparticles have been widely explored in the prevention of cancer risk. Due to the difficult solubility of TiO2 nanoparticles, it is essential to synthesize new surfactants to increase its bioavailability and anti-tumor activity and reduce its cytotoxicity. Furthermore, oxidative and inflammation are closely associated with the osteosarcoma risk. Chitosan has biocompatibility, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles on an osteosarcoma model were explored. Methods: An osteosarcoma model was established and chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles were prepared using a freeze-drying strategy. The morphological characteristics of nanoparticles were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties of nanoparticle were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity was tested by using human osteoblast cells hFob1.19 and osteosarcoma cells 143B. Osteosarcoma mice were treated with PBS buffer, paclitaxel, TiO2-embedded paclitaxel and chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles. The biomarkers of oxidative-inflammatory status, anti-tumor activities and survival rates of the model were measured. Results: XRD analysis showed that the peaks of chitosan/TiO2 (anatase) were consistent with those of crystalline TiO2 and broad phase of chitosan. The FTIR spectrum indicated the relevant functional groups in TiO2. Chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles had good biocompatibility and improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the osteosarcoma model. Chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles was less toxic to the cells hFob1.19 and more toxic to the cells 143B than TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles. Chitosan-coated TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles showed significant antitumor activity and increased the survival rate of the osteosarcoma model (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Chitosan improved anti-tumor potential of TiO2-embedded paclitaxel nanoparticles in the prevention of osteosarcoma. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Usually, when imaging differentially treated mice, these are placed next to each other in the imaging machine and one uncut image of all mice usually is depicted in a publication. Here, individually mice are pasted together, of which some seem to be identically (see colored frames) with different luminescence signals. Looking at the positioning of the mice, it is unlikely to place a mouse with its head body and legs in exactly the same position as one week earlier. Further, some luminescence signals appear manually altered e.g. 28 days CG. These signals usually consist of an area with high luminescence (red) surrounded by a greenish area and finally a blue outer area. Finally, there is no scale for the luminescence intensity ![file] , 
 Retraction: Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Paclitaxel Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Tumor Efficacy Against Osteosarcoma --- RETRACTED --- https: www.frontiersin.org articles 10.3389 fonc.2021.712966 full  Please find the retraction statement below: Qu Y, Kang M, Cheng X and Zhao J (2020) Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Paclitaxel Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Tumor Efficacy Against Osteosarcoma. Front. Oncol. 10:577280. doi: 10.3389 fonc.2020.577280 Following publication, concerns were raised regarding image manipulation. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiersu2019 policies. This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Oncology and Chief Executive Editor. The authors agree to this retraction. ,