LncRNA SNHG16 promotes migration and invasion through suppression of CDKN1A in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Q-P Xie
H-F Wang
L-B Zhou
S-B Liu
B Hu
G Li
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2020)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: lncRNA; SNHG16; metastasis; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; ccRCC
Affiliations: Department of Urological Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: Researchers have discovered the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis. In this study, lncRNA SNHG16 was studied to identify whether it influences metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Patients and methods: SNHG16 expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both ccRCC cells and tissue samples. The association between prognosis of ccRCC patients and the expression of SNHG16 was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, functional assays including wound healing assay and transwell assay were conducted. Bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to explore the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, animal experiments were conducted to explore the function of SNHG16 in vivo. Results: SNHG16 expression level was higher in ccRCC samples when compared with that in adjacent ones. Moreover, cell migration and cell invasion capacities were inhibited after SNHG16 was silenced in vitro. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of CDKN1A was upregulated after silence of SNHG16. Furthermore, the expression level of CDKN1A was negatively related to the expression of SNHG16 in ccRCC tissues. The experiments in vivo showed that silence of SNHG16 remarkably repressed the metastasis of ccRCC. Conclusions: These results suggest that silence of SNHG16 could inhibit cell migration and invasion via upregulating CDKN1A in ccRCC. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 This paper is one of a set of 121 papers that all contain images from the same library of about 100 photos and plots. This is unexpected, because each paper has different authors and different affiliations, with little to no overlap, and describes different cancer types and molecules. It would be very hard to explain how authors from different labs would all obtain the same photo. Therefore, the papers might have all be derived from the same source, such as a paper mill that sells ready-to-be-published papers. This  Stock Photo paper set has been described in more detail on my blog post, https: scienceintegritydigest.com 2020 07 05 the-stock-photo-paper-mill and in a Wall Street Journal article by Eva Xiao (currently behind a paywall): https: www.wsj.com articles chinese-research-papers-raise-doubts-fueling-global-questions-about-scientific-integrity-11593939600 The vast majority (113 121) of the papers were published in the same journal, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences (ERMPS). A link to the full set of papers can be found here: https: docs.google.com spreadsheets d 172RWS18w1lTNJ9Nnj80fuXXTqTm4fGkoK0sdYyvKE3g edit?usp=sharing All papers have been reported to the journal editors on July 2, 2020. , 
 The publishers have wished the paper into the cornfield: https: www.europeanreview.org article 21867 Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, u201cLncRNA SNHG16 promotes migration and invasion through suppression of CDKN1A in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, by S.-B. Liu, H.-F. Wang, Q.-P. Xie, G. Li, L.-B. Zhou, B. Hu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (7): 3572-3578u2013DOI: 10.26355 eurrev_202004_20818u2013PMID: 32329831u201d has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. ,