Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Improve Gene Expression Levels of PPAR-γ, LP(a), IL-1 and TNF-α in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Mohsen Taghizadeh
Mohammad Reza Memarzadeh
Zatollah Asemi
Elmira Akbari
Ali Akbar Hashemzadeh
Fariba Raygan
Esmat Aghadavod
Nikoo Nasoohi
Journal: Lipids (2017)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: Flaxseed oil; Gene expression; Inflammation; Insulin; Lipid
Affiliations: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran., Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran., Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran., Barij Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran., Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran. .

Abstract:  This study was carried out to determine the effects of flaxseed oil administration on gene expression levels related to insulin, lipid and inflammation in overweight diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 diabetic patients with CHD. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 1000 mg n-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-Linolenic acid [ALA (18:3n-3)] (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of diabetic patients with CHD with RT-PCR method. Results of RT-PCR demonstrated that after the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, flaxseed oil supplementation could up-regulate gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.02) in PBMC of diabetic patients with CHD. In addition, compared with the placebo, taking flaxseed oil supplements down-regulated gene expression levels of lipoprotein(a) [LP(a)] (P = 0.001), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) in PBMC of diabetic patients with CHD. We did not observe any significant effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on gene expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), IL-8 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in PBMC of diabetic patients with CHD. Overall, flaxseed oil supplementation for 12 weeks in diabetic patients with CHD significantly improved gene expression levels of PPAR-γ, LP(a), IL-1 and TNF-α, but did not influence LDLR, IL-8 and TGF-β. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Figure 2a. Much more similar than you would expect. https: imgur.com Riab4HV , 
 Correction to: Oncogene https: doi.org 10.1038 onc.2008.356 u201cFollowing the publication of this Article, it was brought to the attention of the Authors that a control for shRNA knock-down of Id2 in Fig. 2 was a duplicated and reversed set of bands from another control in the Figure. The row of bands on the western blot for Id3 is the same blot for Id1 knock-down, but u201cflippedu201d horizontally. This does not change the conclusions of the manuscript. The authors have submitted a revised Fig. 2, omitting this band, as they no longer have access to the reagents and cannot repeat this part of the experiment.u201d ![file] ,