Long noncoding RNA PVT1-214 enhances gastric cancer progression by upregulating TrkC expression in competitively sponging way
Authors: C-H Zhuo
S Zhao
R-B Lin
N-F Fan
X-H Chen
C-W Xu
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2019)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: lncRNA PVT1-214; gastric cancer; miR-128; TrkC; ceRNA
Affiliations: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1) is aberrantly expressed and involved in the promotion of various cancers. However, the vital epigenetic function of PVT1-214, a transcript isoform of PVT1, in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the dysregulation and detailed mechanism underlying the involvement of lncRNA PVT1-214 in GC. Patients and methods: The expression of PVT1-214 in GC tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between increased PVT1-214 levels and the advanced clinicopathological features of tumor tissues was analyzed using a Chi-square test. The influence of PVT1-214 on the survival rate of GC cell lines was evaluated by the log-rank test. Cell lines were used to explore the carcinogenic effects of PVT1-214 in vitro and in vivo, and specific tests included cell apoptosis determined by flow cytometry, cell proliferation assayed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation, and the use of these cells for mice xenograft models. Direct complementary binding was predicted by bioinformatics and verified by dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA transfection, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting. Spearman's correlation coefficient was adopted to evaluate the correlation between miR-128 and PVT1-214 levels. Results: PVT1-214 expression in GC tissues and cell lines is markedly elevated. In GC patients, high expression of PVT1-214 is associated with late tumor stage, increased tumor size, and poor survival. PVT1-214 silencing represses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis of GC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, PVT1-214 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to miR-128. Inhibition of miR-128 releases Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) from the complementary binding complex, subsequently increasing the protein level of TrkC in GC cells. Conclusions: PVT1-214-induced miR-128 repression regulates TrkC to further the progression of GC, indicating that this process will provide a promising therapeutic target in GC. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
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 This becomes complicated very quickly but this paper appears to be part of a set of at least 4 papers that appear to share images: * C.-S. Liu , Q. Zhou , Y.-D. Zhang , Y. Fu, Long Noncoding RNA SOX2OT Maintains the Stemness of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Regulating DEK via Interacting With miR-200a 141, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2020; 24: 2368-2379, DOI: 10.26355 eurrev_202003_20504, https: pubpeer.com publications 22DCA8C70F877D6DA3E7FF32FA36AD * Yong Liu, Chuanping Yang, Chengsong Cao, Qing Li, Xin Jin, Hanping Shi, Hsa_circ_RNA_0011780 Represses the Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Decreasing FBXW7 via Targeting miR-544atOncoTargets and Therapy 2020:13 745u2013755, DOI: 10.2147 ott.s236162, https: pubpeer.com publications 16742B0BC40A80589E690FB4E9DB3A * L. Liu , Y. Zhu , A.-M. Liu , Y. Feng , Y. Chen, Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 involves in breast cancer recurrence and radioresistance by regulating STXBP4 expression via miR-185tEuropean Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2019; 23: 7457-7468, DOI: 10.26355 eurrev_201909_18855, https: pubpeer.com publications 40653AE63E45E7A8FDCA7EFD7E273D * S. Zhao, N.-F. Fan , X.-H. Chen , C.-H. Zhuo , C.-W. Xu , R.-B. Lin, Long noncoding RNA PVT1-214 enhances gastric cancer progression by upregulating TrkC expression in competitively sponging way tEuropean Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2019; 23: 4173-4184, DOI: 10.26355 eurrev_201905_17920, https: pubpeer.com publications 90826D8F19D103A269F03F36B02D19 There does not appear to be an overlap between the authors of these papers, suggesting these papers might all contain outsourced photos generated by the same source. The authors are encouraged to take away any concern by sharing original data. Here are the colony formation photos from 3 of these papers, with colored circles marking photos that look remarkably similar, albeit sometimes rotated or with specific areas altered. Based on the light reflection in the wells, I will call this the  Golden Arches paper set . ![file] ![file] ![file] , 
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 We was investigating what happened. Some tests was done by third part. , 
 Thank you, Dr. Zhao. It would be helpful to know which experiments were outsourced. There is nothing about that indicated in the Author contributions or the Methods sections. ![file] , 
 [Retracted by the authors] . The article u201cLong noncoding RNA PVT1-214 enhances gastric cancer progression by upregulating TrkC expression in competitively sponging way, by S. Zhao, N.-F. Fan, X.-H. Chen, C.-H. Zhuo, C.-W. Xu, R.-B. Lin, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23(10): 4173-4184u2013DOI: 10.26355 eurrev_201905_17920u2013PMID: 31173288u201d has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. ,