UPK1B promotes the invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: X-J Ma
F-H Wang
J Luo
D Xu
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2018)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: UPK1B; bladder cancer; prognosis; pathological parameters; Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Fourth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of UPK1B in bladder cancer (BCa), and to further explore the correlation between UPK1B expression and pathological parameters as well as the prognosis of BCa. Patients and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of UPK1B in 92 pairs of BCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The relationship between UPK1B expression and pathological features as well as the prognosis of BCa patients was further analyzed. For in vitro experiments, the mRNA expression level of UPK1B in BCa cell lines (EJ and T-24) was detected by qRT-PCR. In addition, knockdown of UPK1B in BCa cells was constructed using small interfering RNA. Effects of UPK1B knockdown on biological functions of BCa cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and transwell assay, respectively. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of UPK1B in regulating BCa was evaluated by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results: The expression of UPK1B in BCa tissues was remarkably higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (p&lt;0.05). Compared with BCa patients with lower UPK1B expression, those with higher UPK1B expression exhibited higher tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. In vitro experiments indicated that cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis were remarkably decreased in cells transfected with si-UPK1B when compared with those transfected with negative controls. Western blot showed that the expression of key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cells transfected with si-UPK1B was significantly down-regulated compared with those transfected with negative controls, including β-catenin, c-myc and cyclinD1. In addition, rescue experiments found that UPK1B was regulated by β-catenin. Conclusions: UPK1B is upregulated in BCa, and is significantly correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and poor prognosis of BCa. Moreover, UPK1B promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of BCa via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 3A.  EJ cells transfected with si-UPK1B displayed significantly lower migration and invasion capacity. Overlap marked. ![file] , 
 Fig 1D.  Kaplan-Meier survival curves of BCa patients based on UPK1B expression. Patients in the high expression group had a worse prognosis than those in low expression group . ![file] Another manifestation of Hoya s Law for J.BUOn and ERMPS...  When 40 or 50 cases of any given cancer are dichotomised into half-groups of high- or low-expression of any given nc-RNA, survival rate for one half-group or both will drop to 0% at 75 months. Other examples, from left to right: - Fig 1 from [Zang et al (2020)] - Fig 1 from [Li et al (2020)] - Fig 1, and Fig 4D, from [Cui et al (2019)] - Fig 1D from [Gao et al (2019)] . ![file] *[left]* Figure 1C from [Wu et al (2020)] . *[right]* Figs 1D, 3E from [Wu et al (2019)] . ![file] , 
 #2 A comparison between Figs 1C, 1D from *[above]* [Wu et al (2018)] and *[below]* [Wang et al (2018)] is particularly instructive. At right, superimposing the two 1Ds highlights the dearth of differences between 74 cases of prostate cancer, and 94 cases of breast cancer. ![file] More remarkable discoveries emerge from comparing the subgroup-difference probabilities in the two papers Table 1. ![file] , 
  Breast cancer in the previous comment should be  bladder cancer . A comparison between Figs 2E,F from *[right]* [Wang et al (2018)] and *[left]* [Wu et al (2018)] . Absolutely no surprises. ![file] ,