Silence of lncRNA ANRIL represses cell growth and promotes apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells through regulating miR-99a and c-Myc
Authors: Xinxia Zhang
Junxi Hu
Xiaomin Wang
Yanfan Ren
Baojun Wang
Qiuli Wang
Yutong Han
Journal: Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (2019)
Discipline: BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords: ANRIL; c-Myc; lncRNA; miR-99a; retinoblastoma.
Affiliations: a Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China., b Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China.

Abstract:  Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the immature retina. This study designed to see the function of the lncRNA ANRIL in retinoblastoma Y79 cells. ANRIL, miR-99a and c-Myc expression in Y79 cells was altered by transfection and then trypan blue, transwell assay and flow cytometry were carried out to evaluate the changes of cell phenotype. The connection between ANRIL, miR-99a and c-Myc was measured by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis. As a result, ANRIL expression was highly expressed in human retinoblastoma tissue as relative to the adjacent noncancerous tissues. ANRIL suppression inhibited Y79 cells viability, migration, invasion, while promoted apoptosis. ANRIL negatively regulated miR-99a by binding to miR-99a. Silence of miR-99a reversed the ANRIL-knockdown effects on Y79 cells. miR-99a overexpression suppressed Y79 cell viability, migration, invasion, and enhanced apoptosis through downregulating c-Myc. Meanwhile, we found that miR-99a inhibited JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways. To conclude, it seems that ANRIL suppression inhibits cell growth and metastasis in retinoblastoma Y79 cells by regulating miR-99a and c-Myc. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels. Despite these similarities, these papers are authored by researchers from different departments and institutes, with almost no overlap in authors. The list of these papers is available here: https: docs.google.com spreadsheets d 1KXqTAyl4j-jVorFPMD2XRpr76LcIKJ0CVyIvRj0exYQ edit?usp=sharing A more detailed description of this set of papers, suspected to all be generated by a common source, a paper mill , can be found here: * https: forbetterscience.com 2020 01 24 the-full-service-paper-mill-and-its-chinese-customers (January 2020) * https: scienceintegritydigest.com 2020 02 21 the-tadpole-paper-mill (February 2020) The same paper mill has been described in these papers: * Jana Christopher - Systematic fabrication of scientific images revealed - FEBS Letters (2018) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13201 * Jennifer A Byrne and Jana Christopher - Digital magic, or the dark arts of the 21st centuryu2014how can journals and peer reviewers detect manuscripts and publications from paper mills? - FEBS Letters (2020) - https: febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi full 10.1002 1873-3468.13747 , 
 Statement of Retraction, 11 August 2021: https: www.tandfonline.com doi full 10.1080 21691401.2021.1951990  We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article: Xiaomin Wang, Xinxia Zhang, Yutong Han, Qiuli Wang, Yanfan Ren, Baojun Wang Junxi Hu (2019) Silence of lncRNA ANRIL represses cell growth and promotes apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells through regulating miR-99a and c-Myc. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:1, 2265u20132273, DOI: 10.1080 21691401.2019.1623229 Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors have been unable to verify their original data. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u2018Retractedu2019. ,