miR-106a-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting HMGA2
Authors: Chen Ding
Xiongbai Zhu
Da-Ke Tong
Qian-Yun He
Kang Liu
Fang Ji
Shengwu Yang
Guang-Chao Wang
Hao Zhang
Journal: DNA and Cell Biology (2016)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: miR-106a-5p; HMGA2; osteosarcoma; proliferation; migration
Affiliations: 1 Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China ., 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, People's Republic of China .

Abstract:  We aim to investigate the effect of miR-106a-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) cells by targeting high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for detecting the expressions of miR-106-5p and HMGA2 in 137 OS and adjacent normal bone tissues. Immunohistochemistry was applied for the HMGA2 protein expression detection. Luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted for verifying whether miR-106-5p targeted HMGA2. MG63 and U2SO cells were respectively divided into five groups: Blank, miR-106a-5p, scramble, HMGA2-siRNA, and miR-106a-5p+HMGA2 groups. RT-qPCR and western blot were applied for detecting the expressions of miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 in five groups. Proliferation rate, cell cycle, invasion, and migration ability of OS cells were detected using methyl thiazolyl-tetrazolium, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu) assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, OS tissues presented with decreased miR-106a-5p expressions, elevated HMGA2 mRNA, and positive expressions (all p &lt; 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of miR-106a-5p were 97.8%, 93.43%, and HMGA2 mRNA were 97.8%, 99.27%, separately. miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 expressions were associated with tumor size, Enneking stage, distant metastasis, and lung metastasis. Expressions of HMGA2 in OS cells in miR-106a-5p and HMGA2 siRNA groups were both significantly decreased with the same downregulation level, and the proliferation rates in both groups were obviously slowed down after 48 h (both p &lt; 0.001). Edu positive cells, S phase cells (majority of cells blocked at G0/G1 phase), migratory and invasive cells were obviously decreased (all p &lt; 0.05). Downregulation of miR-106a-5p was found in OS tissues, and upregulation of miR-106a-5p can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HMGA2 in OS cells. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 FIG. 11.  Migration ability of U2OS cells were detected by Transwell experiment. (A) Blank group; (B) Scramble group; (C) miR-106a-5p group; (D) HMGA2-siRNA group; (E) miR-106a-5p+HMGA2 group . ![file] For comparison, Fig 8 of [Qiao et al (2017)] : ![file] , 
 FIG. 12.  Migration ability of U2OS cells were detected by Transwell experiment. ![file] Fig 9B from Qiao et al (2017): ![file] , 
 Fig 12again: ![file] Fig. 5 from [Ba et al (2017)] .  Invasion ability of HCT-116 cells 48 h after transfection was detected by Transwell chamber assay in each group . ![file] , 
 Fig. 8A, C.  Edu was used to detect the proliferation of U2OS (A, B) and MG63 (C, D) cells in each group. (A, C) fluorescence intensity of Edu cells in U2OS (A) and MG63 (C) cells in S phase under fluorescence microscope, Edu positive cells presented white lights, top row, nucleus stained by Hoechst33342 presented white lights, bottom two rows . ![file] Two columns of panels are repeated for different cell-lines and conditions (magenta, green rectangles). Four other columns also appear as Fig. 6 of [Yang et al (2015)] , albeit in color.  EdU assay detecting cell proliferation. Fluorescence microscope detecting the fluorescence intensity of EdU cells in S phase (left): EdU-positive cells (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue) . ![file] No authors in common. Different institutions. , 
 It is difficult to show all the connections among [Bai et al (2016)] (Fig 4A), [Li et al (2016)] (Figs 7 and 12), and [He et al (2016)] (Figs 13 and 14) without running rapidly out of colors. I have glossed over the 90-deg or 180-deg rotations involved in some of these correspondences. ![file] , 
 2020 retraction. https: www.liebertpub.com doi 10.1089 dna.2015.3121.retract DNA and Cell Biology officially retracts the paper entitled, u201cMolecular Mechanisms of Disease Full Access miR-106a-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting HMGA2,u201d by Qian-Yun He, Guang-Chao Wang, Hao Zhang, Da-Ke Tong, Chen Ding, Kang Liu, Fang Ji, Xiongbai Zhu, and Shengwu Yang. DNA Cell Biol, 35(9) 506u2013520; DOI: 10.1089 dna.2015.3121, due to suspicion of scientific misconduct. The corresponding author, Dr. Fang Ji, contacted the journal via email, and requested a correction be made to Figure 8A, indicating, u201cWhen I recently collated the results of the project, I found that in the immunofluorescence experiment, as I used several folders to store pictures but the naming was not standardized, the pictures of other groups in Figure 8A scramble group, hmega2 siRNA group, mir-106a-5p + hmega2 group were misused. [sic]u201d View article Tools Share DNA and Cell Biology officially retracts the paper entitled, u201cMolecular Mechanisms of Disease Full Access miR-106a-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting HMGA2,u201d by Qian-Yun He, Guang-Chao Wang, Hao Zhang, Da-Ke Tong, Chen Ding, Kang Liu, Fang Ji, Xiongbai Zhu, and Shengwu Yang. DNA Cell Biol, 35(9) 506u2013520; DOI: 10.1089 dna.2015.3121, due to suspicion of scientific misconduct. The corresponding author, Dr. Fang Ji, contacted the journal via email, and requested a correction be made to Figure 8A, indicating, u201cWhen I recently collated the results of the project, I found that in the immunofluorescence experiment, as I used several folders to store pictures but the naming was not standardized, the pictures of other groups in Figure 8A scramble group, hmega2 siRNA group, mir-106a-5p + hmega2 group were misused. [sic]u201d The email also contained a new figure, however, upon examination by the Editor, it was clear that there were differences between the published figure and the replacement figure. There was clear duplication of lanes in the Western blot figure. The author was then asked to provide further explanation, and Dr. Ji s response was, u201cFigure 8u2009A scramble group, hmega2 siRNA group and mir-106a-5p + hmega2 group used the wrong pictures of other groups, and provided the three groups of pictures again [sic].u201d This response did not address the confusion and several other requests for clarification were made, but went unanswered. The lack of response for clarification concerned the Editor who then re-reviewed the request again, which resulted in the discovery that additional problematic images were raised on the PubPeer platform1 and believes that the authors are now eager to correct them as there appears to be clear scientific misconduct with respect to digital manipulation of figures. Considering the available evidence and lack of further details from the authors, the Editor officially retracts the article from the journal. The Editor and Publisher of DNA and Cell Biology are committed to preserving the scientific literature and the community it serves. ,