lncRNA CCAT1 contributes to the growth and invasion of gastric cancer via targeting miR‐219‐1
Authors: Yanfeng Li
Hongyan Qu
Yan Ma
Guanyu Zhu
Journal: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (2019)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: apoptosis; gastric cancer; invasion; lncRNA CCAT1; miR-219-1
Affiliations: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Abstract:  Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant tumors that seriously threaten human health. Increased reports have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with GC. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role of colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) in GC. The results exhibited the fact that CCAT1 was expressed higher in 57 GC tissue samples than in 57 paired adjacent normal tissue samples. The expression of CCAT1 was also increased in GC cell lines (MKN45, Hs746T, and SGC-7901) compared with the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Besides this, decreased cell proliferation with increased cell apoptosis was detected in SGC-7902 cells transfected with CCAT1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). At the same time, a lower cell invasion ability was measured in SCG-7901 cells transfected with CCAT1 shRNA.In addition, miR-219-1 was predicted and convinced a direct target of CCAT1. The expression of miR-219-1 was decreased in GC tissues and GC cell lines. Further studies demonstrated that the roles of CCAT1 in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were inhibited by miR-219-1. Finally, in vivo experiment indicated that tumor growth of GC was suppressed through knockdown of CCAT1. In conclusion, these results suggested that CAT1 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of GC by negatively regulating miR-219-1. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This article is a falsification, seen by duplicated and manipulated microscopy data (Figure 4A and Figure 7A) and falsified Western blots where the background show repetitive patterns (Figure 4C and Figure 7C). ![file] , 
 The paper has a curious history. It was published in the same journal two years earlier, then retracted by agreement of the Editor-i-C and the publisher  because the authors are not responding to requests to finalize their article for publication in the journal as the Version of Record , i.e. they failed to check the email address and respond to the copyright-transfer agreement: https: onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi abs 10.1002 jcb.26560 , 
 There is even more curious history: The tumors presented in Figure 8A is a recurring theme. The tumors have been used in many different papers, as described in another PP post: https: pubpeer.com publications 27408000F3AA7E67434E201673888D#10 ![file] , 
 Fig 6D:  Linear correlation analysis of CCAT1 and miRu2010219 expression. With its linearity, lack of noise and even distribution, the scatterplot looks more like someone s last-minute attempt to fake the homework for the physics experiment that they didn t perform, than any biological reality. It also shares a remarkable number of points in common with *[at right]* Fig 5D from [Wang, Wang Wang (2018)] . ![file] Dramatised here by superimposing 5D upon 6D. , 
 Fig 3A.  Cell apoptosis was detected in SGCu20107901 after being transfected with CCAT1 shRNA or shRNA scramble by flow cytometry . ![file] One panel, with a black rectangle, is also the HT29 Control panel in 1F of [Yu Chai (2017)] . ![file] One panel, with a grey rectangle, is also the SW480 Control panel in Fig 2a of [Sun et al (2019)] . ![file] , 
 #1 More overlaps for your collection. ![file] The shRNA-scramble panel from Fig 4A (light green box), and the shRNA+Inhibitor panel from 7A (brown box), are both details from the HOTAIR-shRNA panel in Fig 2E from [Jiang et al (2018)] . ![file] , 
 #5 Fig 3A again. Now with peach rectangle... ![] ... to indicate unexpected similarities (especially in the left-hand quadrants) to a panel in 4B of [Zhang et al (2018)] . ![] Black and light grey rectangles also matches the 4th and 5th panels of Fig 2A from [Tang, Yang Zhang (2017)] .  Vitexin suppresses apoptosis of H9c2 cells in MI R injury. H9c2 cells were divided into control group, MI R model group and MI R + vitexin treated group (50 u03bcM, 100 u03bcM and 200 u03bcM respectively) . ![file] , 
 #1 Fig 4A again. ![] Another sighting! Fig 4 of [Huang, Guo Li (2020)] .  Effect of MALAT1 on the invasive ability of colon cancer cells . ![] , 
 #7 More appearances of the black panel - repeated three times, with modifications - in Fig 6A B of [Mei et al (2017)] . ![] . , 
 Retracted [5 May 2022] . ------------------------ he above article, published online on 3 September 2019 in Wiley Online Library (doi:10.1002 jcb.29239), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal s Editor in Chief, Prof. Dr. Christian Behl, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. Some image elements in this manuscript were published elsewhere in a different scientific context. Furthermore, several flaws and inconsistencies in the presented data were found, and so the editors consider the conclusions of this article to be invalid. The authors were not available for a final confirmation of the retraction. ,