Synthetic miR-145 mimic inhibits multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wenwen Zheng
Yingqiao Zhu
Hao Xu
Yang Bai
Qi Zhang
Weiqun Yan
Changhao Fu
Jie Ma
Journal: Oncology Reports (2015)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Multiple myeloma; miRNA; miR-145; tumor suppressor; therapeutic potential
Affiliations: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, P.R. China., First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, P.R. China., Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, P.R. China.

Abstract:  Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with an adverse outcome and new therapeutic strategies are required to combat this disease. It is well known that tumor‑suppressor microRNA (miRNA) acts as a new potential anticancer agent. Accumulating evidence showed that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is a candidate tumor suppressor miRNA. However, whether miR-145 is involved in the development and progression of MM reamins to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-145 against human MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that miR-145 was reduced in MM tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-145 by transfection with miR-145 mimics inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and the invasion abilities of H929 cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the enforced expression of miR-145 in H929 cells profoundly decreased the levels of p-AKT and p-PI3K, which may contribute to some extent to the inhibition of MM cell proliferation and survival. The enforced expression of miR-145 in a xenograft mouse model suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-145 may act as a tumor suppressor and contributes to the progression of MM. Additionally, miR-145 mimics is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MM. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 *[left]* Fig 3C.  Western blot analysis of cyclin D1 and p21 protein expression after transfected with miR-145 and the corresponding negative control. *[right]* Fig 5C from [Li et al (2014)] .  Western blotting of the expression of STAT3 target genes (Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and VEGF) in HSC3 cells using specific antibodies against the indicated proteins following treatment with the indicated plasmid . Could the authors check the identities of the indicated bands? ![file] , 
 *[left]* Fig 7A.  Images of tumor tissue with different groups collected after sacrifice at day 28 . *[right]* Fig 7A from [Tian et al (2015)] .  Images of tumor tissues in the different mouse groups collected after sacrifice at day 28. ![file] I have concerns. This paper was  Received July 4, 2014; Accepted September 19, 2014 and  Published online on: November 5, 2014 . Tian et al was  Received October 13, 2014; Accepted November 27, 2014 and  Published online on: December 8, 2014 . ------------------------------------- But wait! Two more arrangements of the same stamp collection! *[left]* Fig 6A from [Qu et al (2015)] .  Images of tumor tissue with different plasmid treatments collected after sacrifice at day 21. *[right]* Fig 6A from [Liu et al (2015)] .  Graphs of the tumor tissue from the different groups . ![file] ----------------------------------------- UPDATE: Fig 5A from [Yang et al (2015)] .  Images of tumor tissue from different treatments collected after sacrifice at day 22. ![file] I have not tried to mark up the CDDP+SOR or the SOR bands, for fear of obscuring the change in texture around the 2nd tumor in the former, or the 5th tumor in the latter. , 
 Clockwise from top left: - Fig 3A from [Liu et al (2015)] .  Effects of miR-222 inhibitor on HepG2 cell cycle distribution. (A) Cell DNA content distribution in each phase. - Fig 3A from [**Zhang et al (2015)**] .  Effects of microRNA-145 (miR-145) on multiple myeloma (MM) cell cycle distribution. (A) Cell DNA content distribution in each phase. - Fig 3A from [Li et al (2015)] .  Enforced expression of miR-338-3p induced cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis in EC9706 cells. (A) Cell DNA content distribution in each phase. - Fig 3A from [Zhang et al (2015b)] ,  miR-137 induces changes in cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. (A) Cell DNA content distribution in each phase ![file] The same panels keep appearing. ----------------------------------------------------- *[left]* Fig 2A from [Liu et al (2015)] .  Effect of DOX and Ad sh-NOB1 alone or in combination on cell cycle of TPC-1 cells. (A) Cell DNA content distribution in each phase . *[upper right]* Fig 2C from [Song et al (2015)] .  Determination of HeLa cell cycle distribution by PI staining after transfection with miR-133a or miR-Ctrl . *[lower right]* Fig 2d from [Zhang et al (2015)] .  The cell cycle was detected by PI staining after being transfected with miR-133a or miR-NC. ![file] The same panels keep appearing. --------------------------------------------------- Clockwise from upper left: - Fig 2D from [Pang et al (2015)] .  cell cycle progression ... determined in HepG2 cells transfected with the miR-154 mimic or miR-NC. - Fig 2D from [Zhao et al (2017)] .  cell cycle stage ... assessed in MM1S cells transfected with miR-144-3p mimic or miR-NC. - Fig 2D from [Li et al (2016)] .  The cell cycle procession was detected by flow cytometry after transfection with miR-494 or miR-NC . - Fig 2C from [Luan et al (2015)] .  Cell cycle was measured in glioma cells at posttransfection by flow cytometry . ![file] The same panels keep appearing. --------------------------------- Fig 2D from [Zhou et al (2016)] .  Cell cycle distribution of U2OS cells transfected with the miR-154 mimic was determined by flow cytometry . ![file] , 
 Retracted [28 June 2021] . ------------------------------------------- Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors attention by a concerned reader that certain of the flow cytometric and western blotting data shown in Fig. 3A and C respectively, and the tumor images shown in Fig. 7A, bore unexpected similarities to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors. Owing to the fact that some of the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere, or were already under consideration for publication, prior to its submission to *Oncology Reports*, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. After having been in contact with the authors, they agreed with the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. ,