Screening of ionically crosslinked chitosan-tripolyphosphate microspheres using Plackett–Burman factorial design for the treatment of intrapocket infections
Authors: Monika Bansal
Gayasuddin Khan
Sarita Kumari Yadav
Harsh Vardhan
Brahmeshwar Mishra
Journal: Drug development and industrial pharmacy (2017)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: Chitosan; cytocompatibility; factorial design; microspheres; tripolyphosphate.
Affiliations: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India., b Department of Pharmacy , Moti Lal Nehru Medical College , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India., c Faculty of Dental Sciences , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India.

Abstract:  Objective: Application of Plackett-Burman factorial design to investigate the effect of processing factors in the fabrication of ionically crosslinked chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) microspheres. Significance: Microspheres were screened and optimized to provide maximum process yield (PY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and time for 80% drug release (T80%) and minimum burst and particles size (PS), for successful application in periodontitis. Methods: Processing factors viz. method of preparation (MOP), CS, TPP, crosslinking time (CT), agitation (AS), and drying technique (DT) were selected. Solid state characterization was performed by Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mucoadhesion, cytocompatibility, and stability of microspheres were also evaluated. Results: Pareto analysis and analysis of variance, screened most significantly (p &lt; .05) impacting process factors on selected responses. The optimized microspheres demonstrated: o/w emulsification method, CS (2.5%), TPP (5%), CT (120 min), AS (2000 rpm), and DT (freeze-dried), and provided PY- 95.67%, PS- 168.45%, EEOZ- 85.56%, EEDX- 91.34%, BOZ- 15.26%, BDX- 12.91%, TOZ- 47.09 and TDX- 67.95 minutes. FTIR illustrated compatibility between excipients and complexation of CS and TPP. XRD and DSC showed loss of crystallinity of entrapped drugs in microspheres. Biphasic drug release was observed for four days with non-Fickian kinetics. Furthermore, microspheres exhibited good mucoadhesivity (82.51%), antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, cytocompatibility for L929 cells, and long-term stability. Conclusions: Therefore, CS-TPP microspheres were found mucoadhesive, safe, stable and provided controlled and prolonged release of drugs. These properties confirmed its high potential and applicability in chronic periodontitis. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 The authors presented some power aggregation operators for 2-tuple linguistic numbers and their applications to multiple attribute group decision making. However, the presented results are merely symbol manipulation. For example, (a) A so-called 2-tuple linguistic term $(s, alpha)$ is nothing but a value in the interval $[1, t]$ according to Definition 1, Definition 2, and Definition 3. (b) The operator in Definition 6 is not monotonic because the original version of power aggregation in eq.(1) is not monotonic. Such an operator is usually not used in multiple attribute decision making. ![file] ![file] ![file] ,