Easy fabrication and characterization of gelatin nanocarriers and in vitro investigation of swelling controlled release dynamics of paclitaxel
Authors: Pal, Anjali
Bajpai, Jaya
Bajpai, A. K.
Journal: Polymer Bulletin (2018)
Discipline: CHEMISTRY
Keywords: gelatin nanoparticles; paclitaxel drug release; swelling regulation; W/O emulsion crosslinking; characterization

Abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare gelatin nanoparticles, capable of releasing the paclitaxel drug in a controllable fashion by regulating the extent of swelling of the nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles were prepared by a single water in oil (W/O) emulsion crosslinking technique. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, particle size analysis, and surface potential measurements. The influence of experimental conditions such as chemical composition of gelatin nanoparticles, pH, temperature, and presence of simulated biological fluids as the release media were investigated on the release profiles of paclitaxel. The drug release processes were analyzed kinetically using Ficks power law, zero-order, first-order, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, and a correlation was drawn between the quantity of released drug and swelling of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were judged for in vitro cytotoxicity and the chemical stability of the drug was also accessed.

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 In a series of papers, the lead author used an L-929 assay to test that various nanotech materials and drug-delivery vehicles were not cytotoxic. Here, L-929 fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of or on a substrate of the material in question, then examined under a microscope, assessing any signs of damaged morphology on an ordered-categorical scale of 0 to 4. The ends of the scale were calibrated with negative and positive controls (no extreme cytotoxicity). Fig 14 of u201cPredictions of Drugu2013Protein Interactions and Study of Magnetically Assisted Release Dynamics of 5-Fluorouracil from Soya Protein-Coated Iron Oxide Coreu2013Shell Nanoparticlesu201d, [Jain et al (2020)] . Fig 7 of u201cFunctionalization of ginger derived nanoparticles with chitosan to design drug delivery system for controlled release of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: An in vitro studyu201d, [Markam Bajpai (2020)] . Fig 8 of u201cMagnetically responsive release of 5-FU from superparamagnetic egg albumin coated iron oxide core-shell nanoparticlesu201d, [Sonker et al (2018)] . Fig 8 of u201cSilver hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol)u2014starch cryogel nanocomposites and study of biodegradation, compressive strength and antibacterial activityu201d, [Bagri et al (2018)] . Fig 13 of u201cDesigning of silk and ZnO based antibacterial and noncytotoxic bionanocomposite films and study of their mechanical and UV absorption behavioru201d, [Kiro et al (2017)] . Fig 6 of u201cPoly (acrylic acid) grafted gelatin nanocarriers as swelling controlled drug delivery system for optimized release of paclitaxel from modified gelatinu201d, [Pal et al (2018)] . Fig 5 of  Easy fabrication and characterization of gelatin nanocarriers and in vitro investigation of swelling controlled release dynamics of paclitaxel , [Pal et al (2018)] . Fig 4 of u201cInvestigation of In Vitro Release of Cisplatin from Electrostatically Crosslinked Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticlesu201d, [Maan et al (2016)] . Fig 8 of u201cAn In Vitro Experimental Approach to Study Magnetically Targeted Release of Methotrexate From Superparamagnetic Starch Nanocarriersu201d, [Likhitkar Bajpai (2014)] . Fig 8 of u201cCumulative release of cefotaxim from interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-acrylamide) and chitosan-g-polyacrylamide chainsu201d, [Prabhakar et al (2014)] . Fig 5 of u201cFabrication of Interpenetrating Networks of Poly (vinyl alcohol-g-acrylamide) and Chitosan-g-polyacrylamide Chains and Evaluation of Water Sorption, Blood Compatibility and Cytotoxicity Behaviorsu201d, [Prabhakar et al (2012)] . ![file] Several papers explain that u201cFor negative control, the sample was prepared by incubating a 1.25 cm2 polyethylene disc with 1 mL of culture medium with serum at 37 u00b11 C; a positive control was prepared by diluting phenol stock solution (13 mg ml) with culture medium with serumu201d. In other cases, u201cIn these experiments USP-grade low density polyethylene RS was used as the negative control and tin stabilized polyvinyl chloride as positive controlu201d... or u201cIn these experiments USPgrade low density polyethylene RS was used as the negative control and tin stabilized polyvinyl chloride as positive controlu201d... or u201cThe positive control test was done by preparing the stock solution of phenol (13 mg mL) using culture medium containing serum. For negative control 1.25 cm2 polyethylene disc was incubated in 1 mL culture medium containing serumu201d... or u201cTest sample (cryogel nanocomposite), negative (high density polyethylene) and positive control (stabilized PVA disk)u201d or the controls were not described. Nevertheless, the same images illustrate the Negative control in all of these papers, while another two images illustrate the Positive control, so evidently since the controls were performed once they did not need to be repeated. I am not sure what they are controlling for but I donu2019t make the rules. Of more interest is the use of the same **sample** image, across considerable variation in materials. ,