LncRNA MACC1-AS1/MACC1 enhances the progression of glioma via regulating metabolic plasticity
Authors: Famu Lin
Daliang Che
Dahai Zheng
Xiang Wang
Jianmin Chen
Lenian Lu
Xiaobing Xu
Journal: Cell Cycle (2020)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: Long non-coding RNA MACC1-AS1; glioma; glucose metabolism; metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1; redox homeostasis.
Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Abstract:  This study plans to investigate the effects of long-noncoding RNA MACC1-AS1 on glioma cells and its mechanism at metabolic plasticity angle. The MACC1-AS1 level was identified both in glioma tissues and in cells. Then the effects of MACC1-AS1 abnormal level on cell viability, apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis associated protein, glucose metabolism and redox status were measured in A172 and U251 cells by different methods. Furthermore, the interaction of MACC1-AS1 and MACC1 in glioma cells was investigated and the role of AMPK pathway was specifically examined. Our results demonstrated that MACC1-AS1 level was high in glioma tissues and cells, and MACC1-AS1 overexpression was closely associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Notably, under glucose deprivation, the MACC1-AS1 level was significantly increased, and overexpression of MACC1-AS1 increased cell viability but inhibited apoptosis. Also, MACC1-AS1 overexpression obviously increased the levels of GLUT1, HK2, G6PD, MCT1, ATP, lactate and NAPDH as well as promoted the activities of HK2 and LDHA, while reduced ROS level and the ratio of NADP+/NAPDH. In particular, the effects of proliferation, apoptosis and metabolic plasticity of glioma cells caused by MACC1-AS1 overexpression were achieved by positively regulating MACC1, and MACC1-AS1 promoted MACC1 expression via the AMPK pathway. In conclusions, the MACC1-AS1/MACC1 axis exertes the tumor-promoting effect by regulating glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis in glioma cells by activating the AMPK signals. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
  A total of 50 paired primary glioma tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were collected from glioma patients who underwent surgery in our hospital between **January 2016 and January 2018.** The researchers then followed the survival of the patients through **five years**, i.e. through to the period **January 2021 to January 2023**, which is not bad for a paper that was submitted on 21 December 2019. ![file] , 
 The Western Blots that comprise the results have a peculiar stylised appearance, like avante-garde door-handles, perhaps designed by Philippe Starck. Here, Figure 6. ![file] Is it possible for the authors to provide the original gels? , 
 Retracted [11 October 2021] . --------------------------------- We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Cell Cycle, have retracted the following article: Dahai Zheng, Daliang Che, Famu Lin, Xiang Wang, Lenian Lu, Jianmin Chen Xiaobing Xu (2020) LncRNA MACC1-AS1 MACC1 enhances the progression of glioma via regulating metabolic plasticity, Cell Cycle, 19:18, 2286-2297, DOI: 10.1080 15384101.2020.1795595 Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors checked their data and confirmed there are fundamental errors present. In addition, the authors have been unable to verify the results for the western blots as they no longer have all of the original data. The authors apologise for this oversight and have agreed to the retraction of this article. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as u2018Retractedu2019. ,