A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture
Authors: Alejandro H Buschmann
Max Troell
David C Little
Simon R Bush
Rosamond L Naylor
Sandra E Shumway
Jane Lubchenco
Ling Cao
Ronald W Hardy
Dane H Klinger
Journal: Nature (2021)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: aquaculture; sustainability; global production; food security; feed efficiency
Affiliations: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ., Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ., Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA., Centro i-mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile., Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands., School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Center for Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA., Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK., Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA., Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA., Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden., Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract:  The sustainability of aquaculture has been debated intensely since 2000, when a review on the net contribution of aquaculture to world fish supplies was published in Nature. This paper reviews the developments in global aquaculture from 1997 to 2017, incorporating all industry sub-sectors and highlighting the integration of aquaculture in the global food system. Inland aquaculture-especially in Asia-has contributed the most to global production volumes and food security. Major gains have also occurred in aquaculture feed efficiency and fish nutrition, lowering the fish-in-fish-out ratio for all fed species, although the dependence on marine ingredients persists and reliance on terrestrial ingredients has increased. The culture of both molluscs and seaweed is increasingly recognized for its ecosystem services; however, the quantification, valuation, and market development of these services remain rare. The potential for molluscs and seaweed to support global nutritional security is underexploited. Management of pathogens, parasites, and pests remains a sustainability challenge industry-wide, and the effects of climate change on aquaculture remain uncertain and difficult to validate. Pressure on the aquaculture industry to embrace comprehensive sustainability measures during this 20-year period have improved the governance, technology, siting, and management in many cases. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
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