Telocinobufagin inhibits the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase/Snail signaling pathway
Authors: Yuxue Gao
Zhen Cao
Shijun Lu
Ruyan Wang
Feng Li
Jinyuan Xu
Xuetao Zhu
Lihong Shi
Jinyi Zhong
Baogang Zhang
Journal: Oncology Letters (2018)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; invasion; migration; snail; telocinobufagin.
Affiliations: Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Key Clinical Specialty for Pathology of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China

Abstract:  Telocinobufagin (TBG), an active ingredient of Venenumbufonis, exhibits an immunomodulatory activity. However, its antimetastatic activity in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study investigated whether TBG prevents breast cancer metastasis and evaluated its regulatory mechanism. TBG inhibited the migration and invasion of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, TBG triggered the collapse of F-actin filaments in breast cancer. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, vimentin and fibronectin, were downregulated following TBG treatment. However, E-cadherin was upregulated following TBG treatment. Snail, a crucial transcriptional factor of EMT, was downregulated following TBG treatment. Signaling pathway markers, including phosphorylated protein kinase B (P-Akt), p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), were decreased following TBG treatment. The same results were obtained from in vivo experiments. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that TBG inhibited migration, invasion and EMT via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ERK/Snail signaling pathway in breast cancer. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 In figure 4, the  Fibroectin (sic) panel of the 10 ug TBG mice shares similarities with the  p-Erk panel of the control mice. The latter is a bit browner, but the shape of the tissues in both images is remarkably similar. Shown with red boxes: ![file] , 
 Corrigendum: [31 January 2021] . -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, an interested reader drew to the authorsu2019 attention that, on p. 7483, the data panel shown for the u2018Fibronectin, 10 u03bcM TBG miceu2019 experiment in Fig. 4C appeared to be overlapping with the data panel shown for the u2018pu2011Erk, Controlu2019 experiment in Fig. 4D, although the coloration of the panels differed slightly. The authors have reu2011examined their data, and realized that they copied and pasted the wrong photo for the u2018pErk, controlu2019 panel in Fig. 4D; however, they retained their original data, and the corrected version of the Fig. 4 is shown on the next page. The authors regret the error that was made in the preparation of the published figure, and confirm that this error did not affect the conclusions reported in the study. The authors are grateful to the editor of Oncology Letters for allowing them the opportunity to publish a Corrigendum, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. Furthermore, they apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. ,