MicroRNA-410 suppresses migration and invasion by targeting MDM2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Weina Niu
Hongyan Zhang
Ming Zhou
Hongbo Zhang
Ling Wang
Jianjun Shen
Jun Ma
Journal: PLoS ONE (2014)
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Keywords: Gastric cancer; microRNAs; miR-410; metastasis; MDM2
Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China., Oncology Department, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China.

Abstract:  Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in tumors in the East Asian countries. Identifying precise prognostic markers and effective therapeutic targets is important in the treatment of gastric cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gastric cancer metastasis remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that the levels of miR-410 in gastric cancer and cell lines were much lower than that in the normal control, respectively, and the lower level of miR-410 was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis. Transfection of miR-410 mimics could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the HGC-27 gastric cancer cell lines. In contrast, knockdown of miR-410 had the opposite effect on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we also found that MDM2 was negatively regulated by miR-410 at the post-transcriptional level, via a specific target site with the 3'UTR by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of MDM2 was inversely correlated with miR-410 expression in gastric cancer tissues, and overexpression of MDM2 in miR-410-transfected gastric cancer cells effectively rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion caused by miR-410. Thus, our findings suggested that miR-410 acted as a new tumor suppressor by targeting the MDM2 gene and inhibiting gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion. The findings of this study contributed to the current understanding of these functions of miR-410 in gastric cancer. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 Microscopy data has been duplicated in Figure 4C. ![file] , 
 I reported this concern to the journal in October 2015 (I am not the same person as the commenter in #1). , 
 In addition to the finding above, panels from this figure also appear to overlap with several other papers by different authors, in what we could call the  All Patients Paper Mill . Papers so far identified in this set are: * Jianjun Shen et al., MicroRNA-410 Suppresses Migration and Invasion by Targeting MDM2 in Gastric Cancer, PLOS ONE, August 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 8 | e104510, DOI: 10.1371 journal.pone.0104510 * Guolin Chen et al., RETRACTED: MicroRNA-377 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Inhibiting TIAM1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, PLoS ONE 10(3): e011771, DOI: 10.1371 journal.pone.0117714 * Ning Xu et al., MicroRNA-33b Suppresses Migration and Invasion by Targeting c-Myc in Osteosarcoma Cells, PLoS ONE 9(12): e115300, DOI: 10.1371 journal.pone.0115300 * Kun Qian et al., MicroRNA-561 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion by downregulating c-Myc expression, Am J Transl Res. 2016; 8(9): 3802u20133811, PMID: 27725860 * Lei Shen et al., MicroRNA-217 Regulates WASF3 Expression and Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma, PLOS ONE 9(10): e109138, DOI: 10.1371 journal.pone.0109138 * Yang Chong et al., MicroRNA-503 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Osteosarcoma by Targeting L1CAM, DOI: 10.1371 journal.pone.0114585 * Hongwei Wang et al., MicroRNA-575 targets BLID to promote growth and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells, FEBS Letters 589 (2015) 805u2013811, DOI: 10.1016 j.febslet.2015.02.013 Here are some ImageTwin findings: ![file] , 
 Retraction, June 8, 2022: https: journals.plos.org plosone article?id=10.1371 journal.pone.0269898  Following the publication of this article [1], similarities were noted between this article and articles submitted by other research groups, including [2u201310], of which one article [10] was previously retracted [11]. Similarities included the following figures, which appear to fully or partially overlap, despite being published in different articles and representing different conditions: * scramble panel in Fig 2C of [1], and untreated and scramble panels in Fig 2D of [4]. * untreated panel in Fig 2D of [1], and control panel in Fig 4C of [2]. * inhibitor panel in Fig 2C of [1], and pCDNA-c-Myc + scramble panel in Fig 4C of [2]. * pCDNA-MDM2 + scramble panel in Fig 4C of [1], and untreat panel in Fig 3A of [3]. * pCDNA-MDM2 + miR-410 panel in Fig 4C of [1], and untreat and control panels in Fig 3B of [3]. * control and pCDNA + scramble panels in Fig 4C of [1], and mimic panel in Fig 3E of [10]. The corresponding author informed the journal that they obtained help to write and edit the manuscript. They also stated that informed consent was not obtained from all patients for the use of their tissue samples in this study. Due to this issue, the corresponding author requested that the article be retracted. The concerns regarding similarities between the articles [1u201310] remain unresolved and call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results, and the adherence of this article to the PLOS Authorship policy. Additionally, as the corresponding author stated that appropriate consent was not obtained from all patients, this article is not in compliance with the PLOS Human Subjects Research policy. In light of these issues, the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article [1]. HZ agreed with the retraction. All other authors either did not respond directly or could not be reached. , 
 Fig 2D: ![] Fig 3B from  MicroRNA-424 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses cell migration and invasion through c-Myb ([Yu et al 2014] ): ![] ,