MiRNA-106a promotes breast cancer progression by regulating DAX-1
Authors: Y-H Song
Y Mao
G Nie
C Liu
H-B Wang
Journal: European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2019)
Discipline: PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
Keywords: microRNA-106a; breast cancer; expression; regulation; tumor stage
Affiliations: Breast Center, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China. .

Abstract:  Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression of microRNA-106a in breast cancer (BC) and to further investigate its role in BC development and the potential regulatory mechanism. Patients and methods: 72 pairs of BC tissues and para-cancerous tissues were collected, and microRNA-106a expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between microRNA-106a expression and BC pathological parameters was analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression of microRNA-106a in BC cells was verified by qRT-PCR as well. In addition, microRNA-106a knockdown model was constructed by transfecting small interfering RNA in BC cell lines including MCF-7 and SKBR3. Subsequently, the effects of microRNA-106a on biological functions of BC cells were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU), and transwell invasion and migration assays, respectively. Finally, the underlying mechanism was explored by cellular rescue experiment. Results: QRT-PCR results illustrated that microRNA-106a expression in BC tissues was markedly higher than that of normal tissues. Patients with high expression of microRNA-106a exhibited significantly higher tumor stage as well as higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis when compared with those with low expression. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities in microRNA-106a inhibitor group were markedly decreased when compared with control group. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that DAX-1 expression was reduced in BC cell lines and tissues. Moreover, DAX-1 expression was negatively correlated with microRNA-106a expression. In addition, a recovery experiment found that microRNA-106a and DAX-1 had mutual regulation, which could affect the malignant progression of BC. Conclusions: We found that the expression of microRNA-106a was significantly increased in BC. Meanwhile, microRNA-106a expression was closely related to BC stage, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Therefore, microRNA-106a promoted the invasion, migration, and proliferation of BC by targeting DAX-1. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 *[right]* Fig 3C from [Liu et al (2019)] .  A significant negative correlation was found between microRNA-106a expression and DAX-1 expression in BC tissues. *[left]* Fig 4D from [Luo et al (2018)] .  Negative correlation between SNHG7 and microRNA-186 in BC . Almost all points are the same. ![file] , 
 *[left]* Fig 3C from [Liu et al (2019)] .  A significant negative correlation was found between microRNA-106a expression and DAX-1 expression in BC tissues. *[right]* Fig 3C from [Pan et al (2019)] .  Significant negative correlation was found between miRNA-374b and EGFR expression levels . All data points from Pan et al are also present in Liu et al. ![file] UPDATE: *[left]* Fig 3C from [Liu et al (2019)] .  A significant negative correlation was found between microRNA-106a expression and DAX-1 expression in BC tissues. *[right]* Fig 4D from [Wu et al (2018)] .  A negative correlation was found between LINP1 and p53 in tumor tissues . ![file] UPDATE 2. *[right]* Fig 3C from [Liu et al (2019)] .  A significant negative correlation was found between microRNA-106a expression and DAX-1 expression in BC tissues. *[left]* Fig 3D from [Yu et al (2019)] .  There was a significant negative correlation between the expression levels of SAMD12-AS1 and P53 in glioma tissues. Please admire the implausible number of points shared between the two scatterplots. ![file] , 
 *[below]* Table 1 from [Liu et al (2019)] . *[above]* Table 1 from [Luo et al (2018)] . ![file] Yes, men can develop breast cancer, but when they comprise almost half the patients in the group, surely this deserves some comment. It is even more noteworthy that two ostensibly-unrelated groups of researchers have reported **almost identical demographics and disease characteristics** for their 72-case samples. , 
 One more paper with a similar correlation plot, also describing men with breast cancer: X.-Y. Niu et al., doi: 10.26355 eurrev_201908_18738, https: pubpeer.com publications B19B8F95B27B0DD55D052B6221DEAD Here is a small collage of the plots. I have highlighted some characteristic data points with colored ellipses. ![file] ,