Cisplatin loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes reverse drug resistance in NSCLC by inhibiting EMT
Authors: Shuang Liu
Yonghong Zhao
Wenping Yang
Yufa Zhou
Yuxin Qi
Fanjie Han
Daijun Zhou
Haibin Wang
Journal: Cancer Cell International (2021)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: 5-year survival rate; Chemotherapy; Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation; Non-small-cell lung cancer.
Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 271199, China., Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China. .

Abstract:  Background: Lung cancer is one of the important health threats worldwide, of which 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of all lung cancer with high metastasis and mortality. Methods: Cisplatin loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt-MWNTS) were synthesized and used to evaluate the anticancer effect in our study. The NSCLC cell lines A549 (cisplatin sensitive) and A549/DDP (cisplatin resistant) were used in our in vitro assays. MTT was used to determine Cancer cells viability and invasion were measured by MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition related marker proteins were measured by western blot. The in vivo anti-cancer effect of Pt-MWNTs were performed in male BALB/c nude mice (4-week old). Results: Pt-MWNTS were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy and scan electron microscopy. No significant cytotoxicity of MWNTS was detected in both A549/DDP and A549 cell lines. However, Pt-MWNTS showed a stronger inhibition effect on cell growth than free cisplatin, especially on A549/DDP. We found Pt-MWNTS showed higher intracellular accumulation of cisplatin in A549/DDP cells than free cisplatin and resulted in enhanced the percent of apoptotic cells. Western blot showed that application of Pt-MWNTS can significantly upregulate the expression level of Bax, Bim, Bid, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 while downregulate the expression level of Bcl-2, compared with free cisplatin. Moreover, the expression level of mesenchymal markers like Vimentin and N-cadherin was more efficiently reduced by Pt-MWNTS treatment in A549/DDP cells than free cisplatin. In vivo study in nude mice proved that Pt-MWNTS more effectively inhibited tumorigenesis compared with cisplatin, although both of them had no significant effect on body weight. Conclusion: Pt-MWNT reverses the drug resistance in the A549/DDP cell line, underlying its possibility of treating NSCLC with cisplatin resistance. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 Fig 1. ![file] Condylocarpon Amazonicum [has noted that] three of these panels appeared previously in Fig 1 of [Zhang, Teng Wang (2020)] . ![] Of course it is possible that the figures were provided to both groups of authors independently, by the suppliers of the carbon nanotubes, and mislabeled here as  cisplatin loaded versions. , 
 Fig 6A-D. ![file] Two panels have also appeared (with different colors) in Figure 7 from [Zhang et al (2020)] : ![] Also Fig 6 from [Shen et al (2021)] . ![] , 
 Fig 6.  Immunohistochemical images of tumor sections in the Pt and Pt-MWNTS groups were shown. ... TUNEL was used to show the cell apoptosis in the tumor . The two TUNEL panels are very similar. Here dramatised by color-reversing the Pt version (and enlarging slightly) and superimposing on Pt-MWNTS, so that shared details cancel out. ![] That s not all, of course. ![file] , 
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