Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
Authors: Chongmin Huan
Claudia Cavadas
Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
Hamed Mirzaei
Mathieu Bourdenx
Guido R.Y. De Meyer
Bing Cui
Alexandre P.J. Martin
Ming Chang Hu
Wende Liu
Lixin Xia
Davide Tampellini
SeongAe Kwak
Brona M. Murphy
Chun-Kit Tong
Nandita Mishra
Rosa Puertollano
Stefanie Pöggeler
Anupam Mukherjee
Alina Maloyan
Cinzia Marchese
Daniel Hofius
Sandra Moreno
José Antonio López-Guerrero
Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
Gianluca Tettamanti
Bertrand Joseph
Paola Rusmini
Hsin-Yun Hsu
Gary Warnes
Kurt M. Lin
Federica Cavaliere
Xin Pan
M. Celeste Nicolao
Soraya S. Smaili
Xin Tong
Shashank Masaldan
Zhonglin Xie
Kay F. Macleod
Orsolya Kapuy
Ryan R. Russell
Mahendiran Dharmasivam
Ajay Kumar
Shinya Toyokuni
Ruey-Hwa Chen
Fulvio Reggiori
Alexander Gluschko
Ying-Hong Shi
Zhixiang Chen
Thomas Thum
Andrew Thorburn
Noor Hasima Nagoor
W. Douglas Fairlie
Guanghong Liao
Daniel Patschan
Asghar Abdoli
J. Patrick Murphy
Stefaan J. Soenen
Thomas G. McWilliams
Chuanbin Yang
Thomas S. Hays
Yanshan Fang
Catherine Arden
Eric H. Baehrecke
Thomas Klopstock
Malene Hansen
Xueyan Gu
Fuyong Song
Isabelle Vergne
Paula I. Moreira
Helen H. Chan
Dipanka Tanu Sarmah
Gemma Triola
Weiping Zou
S. Tariq Ahmad
Anne G. Rosenwald
Alan Wells
Wenbin Qian
Fang Hua
Jie Bai
Damian Gatica
Aimable Nahimana
Eugènia Almacellas
Surendra Sharma
Delphine Judith
Gizem Önal
Huifang Liu
Felipe X. Pimentel-Muiños
Ana T. López-Jiménez
David Scheuring
Yixian Cui
Daniela D’Arcangelo
Yi Sun
Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
Michael Aschner
Yu-Jen Chen
Michela Palmieri
Jianbo Yue
Phillip T. Newton
María Esther Pérez-Pérez
Makoto Miyazaki
Nina Kaludercic
Rosaria Prencipe
Weicheng Liang
Bhupendra V. Shravage
Pilar S. Testillano
Zachary T. Schafer
Paloma Martin-Sanz
Ana M. Suarez-Fontes
J. David Symons
Mary A. Lilly
Diane C. Bassham
Carlo Follo
Zhi Sheng
Tamotsu Yoshimori
Liwen Jiang
Priti Talwar
Lu Cai
Arjen J. Jakobi
Zhenyu Wang
Dieter Willbold
Guangchao Sun
Nanbu Wang
Cinzia Volonté
Ozgur Sahin
Anatoliy I. Masyuk
Zhiqiang Deng
Riccardo Filadi
Daniel Hesselson
Philip Wing-Lok Ho
Viktor K. Lund
Trinad Chakraborty
Zhou Yu
Chunmei Chang
Bruno A. Benitez
Daniela S. Arroyo
Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal
Peter B. Stathopulos
Iannis E. Adamopoulos
Yingqi Hua
Marta M. Lipinski
Wannian Yang
Trond Lamark
Lanrong Bi
Xiaoqiong Duan
Jennifer A. Philips
Claudia Bincoletto
Egor Y. Plotnikov
Abhilash I. Chiramel
Saeid Ghavami
Fabrice Morin
Xiaodong Cheng
Victoria Riccio
Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala
Alessandra Ruggieri
Shirley Y. Pang
Yule Liu
Maria Daglia
Heinrich Taegtmeyer
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
Viji Shridhar
Mark J. Walker
Richard A. Wilson
Chiara Cassioli
Mengxiao Ma
Guo-Qing Zhu
Kemal Kazan
Anja Schneider
Joseph A. Hill
Davor Ivankovic
Bin Li
Antonia P. Sagona
Fang Liu
Shaun Martin
Jin Kyung Kim
Hui Yang
Leo A.B. Joosten
Yi Yang
Boyi Gan
Melanie J. Scott
Klaus Ruckdeschel
Bruno J. de Andrade Silva
Charles Grose
Anne E. Mercier
Iva Slaninová
Soren B. Hayrabedyan
Máté Varga
Ana Coto-Montes
Francesca Demarchi
Francesco Fornai
Feng Gao
Heinz D. Osiewacz
Rohit Anthony Sinha
Jin-Jian Lu
Gloria Ravegnini
Sabine Hilfiker
Hui Gao
Geert Bultynck
John Jia En Chua
Konstantinos S. Zarbalis
Salvatore Rizza
Israel López-Valero
Yongliang Zhao
Christian W. Keller
Ralf Weiskirchen
Ghasem H. Salekdeh
Maria Ballester
Silvia Vega-Rubin-de-Celis
Shuji Wakatsuki
Veena Prahlad
Misuzu Baba
Caroline Mauvezin
Bassam Janji
Yanjun Kou
Conrad C. Weihl
King-Ho Cheung
Gholamreza Fazeli
Volker T. Heussler
Yujin Hoshida
Consuelo Amantini
Peter J. Crack
Jaakko Sarparanta
Mario P. Tschan
Panayotis Verginis
Luiz H. M. Bozi
Liang-Tzung Lin
Richard B. Vallee
Guozhi Xiao
Sandro Arguelles
Yuzuru Imai
Ju Hwan Kim
Renwick C.J. Dobson
Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
Dong-Hun Bae
Ok-Nam Bae
Fangyang Wang
Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva
Huang-Tian Yang
Theo Rein
Mervyn J. Monteiro
Sheng Li
Wim Vandenberghe
Emanual Maverakis
Jelena S. Bezbradica
Jigang Wang
Rongjia Zhou
Tahira Anwar
Ivica Arsov
Ana L. Mora
Julio C.B. Ferreira
Elisabet Uribe-Carretero
An-Guo Wu
Kiyoshi Kawasaki
Shilpa Buch
Sufi Mary Thomas
Weichao Ren
Panagiotis Skendros
Veit Goder
Idy H.T. Ho
Craig Stevens
Sonia Viganó
Matias Simons
Wei Zhang
Beate Winner
Simone Buraschi
Ursula Keber
Dwayne G. Stupack
Widuri Kho
Aparna Lakkaraju
Shian-Jang Yan
Lucia Micale
Zhiping Xie
Ziyi Yin
Fernando Macian
Chao Lin
Huifeng Pi
Adam Antebi
Kerri J. Kinghorn
Donna D. Zhang
Zhenyi Ma
Bertrand Mollereau
Fatima Teixeira-Clerc
Rainer Schindl
Haiyang Yu
Manuela Morleo
Tanja Davis
Xiaobo Gao
Margret H. Ogmundsdottir
Andrea Hamann
Patricia Boya
Olaia Naveiras
Rong-Rong He
Ivana Novak
Sonia Castillo-Lluva
Alberto Bartolome
Francesca Pentimalli
Kai Mao
Masanori Izumi
Cristina Bellarosa
Lorenzo Galluzzi
Taras Y. Nazarko
Timon E. Adolph
Cristina Amaral
Audrey Esclatine
Jing-hsiung James Ou
Alexandra Giatromanolaki
Zhong Chen
Benjamin T. Kopp
Jundong Wang
Saška Ivanova
Claudine Kraft
Ling Yang
Yuan-Yuan Zhang
Gillian Carleton
Maryam Mehrpour
Goo Taeg Oh
Gunnel Halldén
Daniele Bergamaschi
Xilma R. Ortiz-Gonzalez
Niels Jessen
Gianni M. Di Guglielmo
Noor Gammoh
Johannes Jungverdorben
Marçal Vilar
Muriel Priault
Gerhard H. Braus
Shan-Ying Wu
Sara Cherry
Wen Wen Xu
Yasuhiro Araki
Sheng-Hui Lan
Zhiyuan Li
Qiong A. Wang
Bo Dong
Jun Cheng
Konstantinos Ritis
Chuanshu Huang
Chi Fai Randy Cheung
Shi Chen
Shan Huang
Danilo Ranieri
Xinliang Ma
Ayelén Valko
Metodi V. Stankov
Salik Hussain
Haobin Zhao
Penny E. Lovat
Min Li
Joungmok Kim
Mu-Kuan Chen
Maria Noé Garcia
Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
Patric J. Jansson
Clara De Palma
Jawahar L. Mehta
Donna Denton
Amir Zarebkohan
Chiara De Leonibus
Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
Florentina Negoita
Hiranmoy Das
Michael E. Boulton
Shigeki Miyamoto
Yao-Xin Lin
Tak Fu Tse
Zhangyuan Yin
Robert F. Garry
Dimitri Krainc
Long T. Nguyen
Kwon-Yul Ryu
Norihiko Furuya
Amélie Bernard
Olivier Vincent
Valeria Crippa
Karolina Pircs
Ozlem Kutlu
V.P. Thirumalaikumar
Ralph A. Nixon
Irina Petrache
Lars Tatenhorst
Iwona A. Ciechomska
Sergio D. Catz
Mingchuan Li
Paula V. Subirada
Peng Zhang
Nadine Binart
Patrik Verstreken
Alessia Galasso
Annakaisa Haapasalo
Zhijian J. Chen
Asif Mohmmed
Miroslav Dinic
Ming Guo
Li-Fang Hu
Eric Ogier-Denis
Tetyana V. Masyuk
Miguel A. Peñalva
Tracey Chapman
Masato Koike
Weidong Le
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Verena Warnsmann
Pei-Hui Lin
Mayara G. de Mattos Barbosa
Rei Unno
Yiyun Cheng
Stephen Cho Wing Sze
Mario Chiariello
Nuria Martinez-Lopez
Lan Xiao
Karthik Mallilankaraman
Carlos M. Guardia
Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
Evandro F. Fang
Amaury Herpin
Teresa Zoladek
Anne Marie Strohecker
Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
Shing Yau Tam
Tatiana G. Kutateladze
Herve Le Stunff
Xueying Lin
Anyonya R. Guntur
Tiangang Li
Manolis Fanto
Jinlian Hua
Li Jin
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
Jian-Fu Chen
Ida Perrotta
Zhengzhi Zou
Claudio Hetz
Gianluca Sgarbi
Xinbing Sui
Emilio Boada-Romero
Robert A. Colbert
Alec C. Kimmelman
Jeffrey P. MacKeigan
Sang-Youel Park
Hongguang Xia
Bo Wang
Roberto Bei
Giovanni Di Guardo
Chang Hwa Jung
Lifeng Feng
Isabel Varela-Nieto
Anders H. Lund
Sara Martin
Poornima Mahavadi
Canhua Huang
Chinnaswamy Jagannath
Clevio Nobrega
Mingliang Chen
Osamu Yamaguchi
Sangita Sinha
Krzysztof Rolka
Shengzhou Wu
Guillermo D. Alonso
Kunhua Song
Caroline Kumsta
Masashi Narita
Esmeralda Juárez
Yasuyoshi Sakai
Joe R. Delaney
Gustavo C. MacIntosh
Xiao-Ming Yin
Rob Layfield
Ho Jeong Kwon
Beatriz Caramés
Pei-Ming Yang
Patrick J. Hussey
Inés Díaz-Laviada
Anu Chaudhary
Karen K.S. Sunahara
Gilles Pagès
Gudmundur Vignir Helgason
Yueguang Rong
Patrizia Agostinis
Leandro R. Soria
Hong Zhou
Yasuko Rikihisa
Zhongjie Sun
Walter Balduini
Marc Germain
Pawan Gupta
Nicholas F. LaRusso
Riccardo Autelli
Martin Post
David Reigada
Carolyn N. Brown
Xiangnan Zhang
Katie R. Martin
Yinghong Zhou
Patrick Neubert
Jialiu Zeng
Xiaoqiang Yao
Jianbin Zhang
Eun Chan Park
Du Feng
Julien Bensalem
Wiep Scheper
Corey Summers
Pierre-Louis Tharaux
Jorge M. A. Oliveira
Chuanxin Huang
Ning Chen
Gerard Lizard
M. M. Srinivas Bharath
Belinda S. Hall
Jayanta Debnath
Marta Magarinos
Cristiana Perrotta
Thierry Soldati
Qingjun Pan
Satoru Torii
Yanhai Yin
Geir Bjorkoy
Kıvanç Görgülü
Seong-Kyu Choe
Anna D. Krasnodembskaya
María I. Colombo
Vilma Dembitz
Sara Oliván
Yu-Ying He
Shaofeng Lin
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
Otilia V. Vieira
Natalia Lisiak
Carlos Hernandez
Thomas Kukar
Yihua Wu
Harald Wodrich
Yujiro Higuchi
Chao Liu
Jose R. Hombrebueno
Shouqing Luo
Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu
Xu Liu
Andreas Till
Tolga O. Bozkurt
Hongbin Deng
Lisheng Zhang
Costanza Montagna
Shahla Shojaei
Wen-Tao Wang
Sophia P. M. Sok
Jiyong Zhou
Utpal B. Pajvani
Anna Maria Eleuteri
Ashok K. Saluja
Carmen Buchrieser
Markus Plomann
Margarida Castro-Caldas
Michael I. Koukourakis
Efthimios L. Sivridis
Qing Li
Serena Carra
Enrico Milan
Marialaura Amadio
Raquel Bello-Morales
Jae Man Lee
Tiago Rodrigues
Yingyu Chen
Cecilia Gotor
Leyuan Liu
Lisa M. Sharkey
Yipeng Wang
Meiqing Wang
Hafize Aysin Akpinar
Changle Ma
Gerd Leitinger
Nathaniel J. Winsor
Riccardo Cristofani
Barbara Majello
Szabolcs Takats
Junsoo Park
Eliana M. Coccia
Cláudia MF Pereira
Harald W. Platta
Satoru Kobayashi
Jörg H.W. Distler
Malia B. Potts
Steven J. Fliesler
Juan Dou
Rosario Moratalla
Roberta O. Pinheiro
Diana Papp
Wei Feng
Pundi N. Rangarajan
Nicola Vannini
Diana García-Moreno
Samuel A. Killackey
Ricardo Escalante
Patrick Labonté
Shai Bel
Edward Giniger
Ruben K. Dagda
Shuji Kishi
Rüdiger Rudolf
Monica L. Kotler
Victor M. Victor
Gary E. Gibson
Stanislaw J. Czuczwar
Rossella Russo
Ute Woehlbier
Vanina Romanello
Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
Elena Ortona
Tobias B. Huber
Tomonori Kimura
Alicia Meléndez
Hirotaka Watada
Morten Luhr
Christopher Rongo
Anu Kauppinen
Meilian Liu
Jean-Paul Decuypere
Yasuo Miki
John J. Shacka
Andrea Ballabio
Oishee Chakrabarti
Ole Kjaerulff
Carmela Fusco
Zhihai Zhang
Albert La Spada
Giorgia Renga
Elena V. Tyutereva
Lixuan Zhan
Yau Sang Chan
Josephine W. Thinwa
Gözde Korkmaz
Peter Brodersen
Yidong Bai
Alexandrina F. Mendes
Andrei Smertenko
Michael L.H. Huang
Wanzhong Ge
Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
Wenyi Mi
Sonia Fernández-Veledo
Yucel Aydin
Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
Evie H. Carchman
Sepp D. Kohlwein
Eloy Bejarano
Beatriz Novoa
Irene Kyrmizi
Maria Carmela Roccheri
Mondira Kundu
Kiran Bhaskar
María M. Elizalde
Felix Randow
Andrea C. Cumino
Khosrow Adeli
Satoshi Waguri
Nico P. Dantuma
Kyla Germain
Pin-Lan Li
Bradley L. Baumgarner
Jagadeesh Bayry
Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
Galila Agam
Joseph D. Mancias
Sara Abdelfatah
Claudia Manzoni
Tomohiro Kozako
Chit Tam
Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy
Ariadna P. Velázquez
Sebastián Beltran
Hotaka Kobayashi
Manabu Natsumeda
Francesca De Amicis
Qing Jiang
Karen Reue
Thomas A. Ferguson
Jianjian Shi
Paul B. Fisher
Daniel Moreno-Blas
Jingfang Ju
Eizo Watanabe
Helen Ka-wai Law
Christian A. Hubner
N. C. Tolga Emre
Andrea Montella
Christian Münch
Jiajie Diao
Nabil Eid
Pura Munoz-Canoves
Jeannette König
Giuseppe Filomeni
Gur P. Kaushal
Eugenia Morselli
Jiqin Lian
Zheni Shen
Dong-Eun Kim
Oliver H. Weiergräber
Simon Sedej
Ludwig Eichinger
Federica Limana
Jennifer Mytych
Sovan Sarkar
David Sebastian
Maria L. Cayuela
Po Sing Leung
Barry Boland
Kelle H. Moley
Maria Azzopardi
Ignacio Ramírez-Pardo
Karolien De Bosscher
Jin-A Lee
L. Ruth Montes
Sipra Mohapatra
Per O. Seglen
Tim Vervliet
Tiago F. Outeiro
Gordon W. Laurie
Joffrey Pelletier
Philippe Pierre
David A. Tumbarello
Baoming Xie
Joseph C. Roney
Thomas Efferth
Álvaro F. Fernández
Guang Lu
Hany Khalil
Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
Kate E. Keller
Albert Neutzner
Jose Pedraza-Chaverri
Hermann M. Schatzl
Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
Li-Lin Du
Shu-Leong Ho
Jeong-Sun Ju
Jit Kong Cheong
Jeffrey A. Haspel
Celine Masclaux-Daubresse
Barbara Canonico
Stephen W. G. Tait
Yu Wang
Anna Fracassi
Kalle Saksela
Zhiqiang Li
Sabrina Angelini
Carol Imbriano
Qing Zhong
Sheng Zhang
Peter V. Bozhkov
Ulrich Koenig
Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
Kai Zheng
Mazen M. Alzaharna
Christina L. Stallings
Sergej Tomić
Beatrice Weykopf
Amit Misra
Mihai G. Netea
Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez
Min Xie
Gerald W. Dorn
Jin-Ming Yang
Joern Dengjel
Christoph Ruckenstuhl
Stephen E. Girardin
Atanas G. Atanasov
Abhinav Diwan
Joo-Yong Lee
Vitor A. Lira
Grzegorz Wegrzyn
Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
Chih-Peng Chang
Amaia Rodriguez
Maria Chiara Maiuri
Magda M. Santana
Ning-Fang Ma
Rui Kang
Vikramjit Lahiri
Edward B. Lee
Anna Golebiewska
Nader Rahimi
Jianming Li
Stefania Mardente
Zhenyi An
Wim Martinet
Rituraj Pal
Silvia Zappavigna
Claudio Fader
Alfred J. Meijer
Mathias Faure
Bin Cao
Valentina Sica
Suayib Üstün
Alexei V. Tepikin
Debora Ragona
Steven Zuryn
Sharon L. McKenna
Rajesh G. Katare
Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
Jürgen Bosch
Fred Ko
Longhua Liu
Joaquin Jordan
Tamas Korcsmaros
William S. Hlavacek
Hui-Yun Hwang
Haining Zhu
Saeb Aliwaini
Da-Qiang Li
Andrea Scrima
Marie H. Abildgaard
Gaurav Sharma
Dhanendra Tomar
Xuejun Jiang
Nuno Raimundo
Hai Rao
Ágnes Bánréti
Manoj B. Menon
Paola Pizzo
Ulrich E. Schaible
Renato V. Iozzo
Hao Wang
Hyewon Chung
Mathias T. Rosenfeldt
Angela M. Valverde
Micah A. Luftig
J. Thomas Sanderson
Georgios Giamas
Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Chantal M. Boulanger
Silke Miller
Hang T. T. Nguyen
Seungwon Yang
Hengyi Xiao
Juliane C. Campos
Marta Pajares
Haoxing Xu
Shunbin Ning
Óscar López-Pérez
Maria Teresa Viscomi
Chi-Ting Leung
Jie Fan
Joilson O. Martins
David Llobet-Navàs
Boris Khalfin
Salvatore Oddo
Kathleen W. Scotto
Zhiyin Song
Jonathan Jantsch
Alejandra C. Schoijet
Roberto Bravo-Sagua
Cinzia Fabrizi
Naonobu Fujita
Valeria A. Dávila
V. Courtney Broaddus
Deepika Puri
Marina Garcia-Macia
Weili Shen
Xu Chen
Chao Tong
Terje Johansen
Elisa Panzarini
Yen-Yun Wang
Yuyuan Dai
Wenliang Pan
Sergio Comincini
Ciro Isidoro
Daniela Barilà
Eun-Kyeong Jo
Michalis V. Karamouzis
Kim A. Caldwell
Amanda Sierra
Luoying Zhang
Giorgio Santoni
Giovanna M. Pierantoni
Ralf J. Braun
Chenwei Wang
Dun-Sheng Yang
Douglas R. Green
Renate Kain
Eman S. El-Shafey
Jiunn-Liang Ko
Charles B. Trelford
Masoud H. Manjili
Charleen T. Chu
Meysam Yazdankhah
Federica Di Sano
Bruce A. Hay
Steffen Just
Magdalena J. Lorenowicz
Eng-King Tan
Hongbo Zhou
Cecile Vindis
Eva-Maria Mandelkow
Kai Chang
Yin Xiao
Ying-Dong Zhang
Xiao-Wei Zhang
Melissa Belló Pérez
Claire Mitchell
Liany Luna-Dulcey
Hanlin Zhang
Da-Hye Lee
Ivan Nombela
Silvia Cetrullo
Marc Herb
Björn Stork
Won Hee Lee
Ganapasam Sudhandiran
Francesca Velotti
Nina Raben
Tania Colasanti
Tonia Akoumianaki
Mark J. Czaja
Eftekhar Eftekharpour
Rosa A. Gonzalez-Polo
Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
Longxiang Su
Felix M. Goni
François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
Marisa Ponpuak
Brian A. Boone
Julian J. Lum
Conan G. Kinsey
Liliana Schaefer
Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
Pascual Sanz
Sophie Pattingre
Miquel Vila
Michael Scharl
Samuel I. Miller
Mansour Haidar
Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos
Adrian N. Dauphinee
Antonio Villalobo
Leticia A. Carneiro
Ioannis P. Nezis
Mark R. Marten
Joshua P. Gray
Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
Paul Hofman
Rupert Langer
Catherine H. Schein
Mehdi Mirzaei
Gabriele Zaffagnini
Jihoon Nah
Guillermo Diaz-Araya
Guy A. Caldwell
Sylvie Urbe
Francesca Belleudi
Rui Sheng
Seung-Jae Lee
Yueyun Ma
Srinivasan Dasarathy
Asa B. Birgisdottir
M. Cristina Vanrell
Gianluca Deflorian
Olivier Camuzard
Shun-Fa Yang
Wagner L. Araújo
Serap Dokmeci Emre
Thania R.R. Lima
Hua-feng Liu
Thomas E. Jensen
Cristiano Alessandri
Yang Liu
Susanna Ambrosio
Christopher G. Proud
Tom G. Keulers
Laura Segatori
Chao-Yung Wang
Jun Ren
Rajat Singh
Javeed A. Shah
Timothy J. Sargeant
Boris Turk
Ganna Panasyuk
Jean-Ehrland Ricci
Markus H. Gräler
Si Jin
Lifeng Pan
Christina G. Towers
Meera Nanjundan
Angelo A. Manfredi
Ignacio Vega-Naredo
Partha K. Chandra
Lujian Liao
Michelangelo Campanella
Maria P. Rubtsova
Michael E. Cheetham
Junfang Wu
Zu-Guo Zheng
Manon E. Wildenberg
Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
Dar-Shong Lin
Hak-Rim Kim
Hee-Sik Kim
Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
Dale P. Corkery
J. Lindsay Whitton
Virginia Sierra-Torre
Mary P. O’Sullivan
Wei Hu
Shizhong Zheng
Jun-Lin Guan
Simona Paladino
Giuseppe Palmisano
Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
Abhishek Mohanty
Sandrine Marchetti
Daniela L. Papademetrio
Agustín Hernández
Christian Münz
Nirma D. Perera
Scott Ayton
Yong Tae Kwon
Agnieszka Sirko
Zhipeng Tao
Peter R. Williamson
Ailian Du
Eduardo Silva-Pavez
Cun-Yu Wang
Jorge Cancino
Gerhard Hummer
Sara Orellana-Muñoz
Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
Teresa Balbi
Paolo Pinton
Juan Botas
Saori R. Yoshii
Gail V.W. Johnson
Panchanan Maiti
Marja Jäättelä
Ramnik J. Xavier
Bahman Yousefi
Yohei Ohashi
Nektarios Tavernarakis
Consuelo Guerri
Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
Martin Ondrej
Paola Matarrese
Salma Balazadeh
Maria F. Galindo
Diego Luis-Ravelo
Rhoderick E. Brown
Yusuke Imagawa
Jyothi Arikkath
Tzi Bun Ng
Do-Hyung Kim
Robert S. Rogers
Jian Xiao
Mitsuo Tagaya
Brunella Franco
Mounia Chami
Ashok Kumar
Christian Behrends
Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
M. Isabel Burón
Carlos Guillén
Min Wu
Lang Rao
Edward A. Fon
Kiyotsugu Yoshida
Anthony O. Fedele
Yasser Heakal
Richard I. Tuxworth
Ikuo Shoji
Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
Juan S. Bonifacino
Irmgard Tegeder
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Jing Li
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Mickael M. Cohen
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Yu L. Lei
Ruth Serra-Moreno
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Jun Yu
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Christina H. Eng
Daniel O. Martins
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Keun Il Kim
Ajit Roy
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Eric Chevet
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Amelia K. Linnemann
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Lin Zhang
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Chiara Vantaggiato
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Yuan Li
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Jon D. Lane
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Betty P. Tsao
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Daping Fan
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Judith C. Sluimer
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Annette Melk
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Yue-Qin Chen
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Carina I. Holmberg
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Flora Guerra
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Carolyn M. Sue
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Hong Zhang
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Su-Ju Lin
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Adi Kimchi
Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
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Angelina S. Gross
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Cui Hua Liu
Elena Butturini
Bing Hu
Erin M. Buckingham
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Irene Benito-Cuesta
Paul Dent
Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
Osnat Ashur-Fabian
Lucie Carrier
Pidder Jansen-Dürr
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Xiulong Xu
Jun Sun
Wei Cheng
Iban Seiliez
Masaru Kato
Jared Sterneckert
María J. Tuñón
Chinmoy Sarkar
Sophie Roux
Junying Yuan
Nayuta Saito
Roland L. Knorr
Ljubica Vucicevic
Henri Batoko
Michael Lee
André du Toit
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Hamid Reza Mirzaei
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Qing Jun Wang
Anurag Singh
Jeffrey S. Davies
Maria Xilouri
Yanjin Zhang
Daniele Bruno
Dario C. Altieri
Richard D. Vierstra
Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
Jean-Jacques Lebrun
Emanuele Marzetti
Marie-Agnès Bringer
Patrick Brest
Salwa Sebti
Stella Y. Lee
Jenna L. Jewell
Virginie Hubert
Michael Thumm
Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
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Michael Sendtner
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Elizabeth Delorme-Axford
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Jing Xu
Kamalika Roy Choudhury
Yasin Tumtas
Stijn van der Veen
Raúl V. Durán
Young J. Oh
Oxana O. Ryabaya
Donatella Tramontano
Betty Yuen Kwan Law
Hans-Uwe Simon
Célia Alexandra Aveleira
Srinivas Ayyadevara
Chee-Yin Chai
Xiaoyan Zhang
Jeffrey L. Brodsky
Feng Wang
Edward F. Griffin
Ben Loos
Kin Pan Chung
Qi Long
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Hai-Ning Du
Jianming Pei
Srikanta Dash
Shashi Kumar Gupta
Masaru Harada
Isabel Cabas
Raquel Manzano
Abdelhaq Rami
Volker Meske
Norman S. Chow
Trude H. Flo
Rituraj Niranjan
Ioannis P. Trougakos
Taotao Wei
Eisuke Itakura
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Elena A. Minina
Sreeparna Banerjee
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Lionel Y.W. Leck
Ying Peng
Seong-Jun Kim
Yunus Akkoc
Allen M. Andres
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Paula Lindner
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Razaul Karim
Alberto Sanz
Diane C. Lagace
Carmine Settembre
Samrat Chatterjee
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Shuilong Leng
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Roger Pocock
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Yongjie Wei
Qing Wang
David N. Zacks
Amit Mishra
Amal O. Amer
Paola Fortini
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Christine M. Zimmermann
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Alex C. Faesen
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Vito Rebecca
Laura Lossi
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David Ann
Simone Fulda
Wenming Li
Michael F. Beers
Raquel Gomez-Sintes
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Christiane Ott
Andrew C. D’Lugos
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Silvia Campello
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Sabah Hussain
Ehud Cohen
Yaichiro Kotake
Claudio De Virgilio
Shuyan Lu
Élida M. C. Álvarez
Stephanie Kermorgant
Matteo Bordi
Tania Catarina Medeiros
Kui Wang
Xue Li
Junichi Sadoshima
Jeng-Jer Shieh
Xin Wen
Seong-Woon Yu
Sami Dridi
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Demetrios G. Vavvas
Manjula Kalia
Anna Tabęcka-Łonczynska
Maria-Angeles Arévalo
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Antonio Figueras
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Janete M. Cerutti
Ming Shen
Zhen Yan
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Yuqi Wang
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Noboru Mizushima
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Xiaohong Wu
Han Wang
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Paul A. Ney
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Cosimo De Nunzio
Xu-Jie Zhou
Yingmei Zhang
Grant Dewson
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Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
Xiaodong Liu
Yu Jiang
Amira Zarrouk
Alexander Agrotis
Laura Santambrogio
Florin Burada
Ina Oehme
Zhibing Zhang
Paul Verkade
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Gonzalo Blanco
Timo T. Myöhänen
Jochen Walter
Andrey S. Tsvetkov
Jeanne Mialet-Perez
X. Charlie Dong
Sergey Leikin
Frank Madeo
Michael J. Clague
Mélanie Dieudé
Eun Young Kim
Michael J. Ragusa
Alexander M. Heberle
Vladimir Trajkovic
Fiorella Colasuonno
Nils Cordes
Wei Liu
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Xiaoxia Dai
Péter Nagy
Aristides G. Eliopoulos
Christian Behl
Giuseppe Ippolito
Lei Wei
Alexandru Almasan
Luis Pereira de Almeida
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Lourdes Massieu
Pawan Sharma
Sataree Khuansuwan
Sunaina Singh
Cristine Alves da Costa
Chandra Shekar Kenchappa
Miriam Ejarque
Susmita Kaushik
Takashi Nozawa
Xi-Long Zheng
Jun Araya
Erinna F. Lee
G. Aaron Hobbs
Claudio Tabolacci
Anders J. Hafrén
Yasuo Uchiyama
Tapas Chakraborty
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Alessandro Fraldi
Dana L. Miller
Delong Meng
Ken Nakamura
JinRong Xu
Ander Matheu
Alicia Torriglia
Yongmei Qi
Hadas Peled-Zehavi
Robin Ketteler
Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
Heesun Cheong
Aaron Byrd
Maria Vittoria Schiaffino
Jorge Moscat
Ke Li
Angeles Aroca
Xiaolin Bi
Caty Casas
Mark R. Cookson
Christoph Gerhardt
Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
Jessica K. Tyler
Zhi Chen
Yongchao Zhao
Timothy E. Weaver
Santosh Chauhan
Zhou Zhou
Anna Onnis
David A. Gewirtz
Luc Van Kaer
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Nava Segev
Nami McCarty
Ge Xiang
Zhe Wang
Janice S. Blum
Chiara Di Malta
Manish Verma
Tomohiro Kabuta
Nadia Sousa
Yanggang Yuan
Christoph Schüller
Etienne E. Baulieu
Joaquín M. Pellegrini
Vincent Timmerman
Moataz Dowaidar
Melvin L. DePamphilis
Inmaculada Martin-Burriel
Kalin Y.B. Zhang
David D. Gutterman
Fengyan Jin
Olivia Lenoir
Xiyuan Bai
Francesca Castoldi
Oxana Dobrovinskaya
Denise M. Inman
Laura Canesi
Daniel Kaganovich
Paul Lingor
Stephan Storch
Kevin A. Roth
Ana B. Perez-Oliva
Scott B. Selleck
Paolo Bonaldo
Jose A. Calbet
Satoaki Matoba
Fengming Wang
Zuriñe Antón
Elena Makareeva
Yung-Feng Liao
Magaiver Andrade-Silva
Roberta Misasi
Jing Zhou
Timothy E. O’Sullivan
Agnete S.T. Engelsen
Yohta Shimada
Cecilia Giulivi
Sebastiano Sciarretta
Shinji Kume
Makarand V. Risbud
Emil Rudolf
Jie Chao
Péter Lőw
Laura Berliocchi
Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
Santosh K. Dasari
Seockhoon Chung
Vladimir I. Titorenko
W. Haung Yu
Qing Kenneth Wang
Laura Cinque
Muriel Mari
Lin Chen
Yong-Ming Yao
Yanfen Liu
Ke Shui
Sang-Ging Ong
Christine McDonald
Jean-Louis Mergny
Aleksandra Hać
Bin Xiao
Dianwen Ju
Zhengyuan Xia
Yuxiang Xie
Scott O. Zeitlin
Wei-Guo Zhu
Bharat B. Aggarwal
Bjorn H. Falkenburger
Alfredo Briones-Herrera
Ilana Nathan
Patricia V. Aguilar
Xiaohong Zhuang
Nieves Rodriguez-Henche
James E. Haber
Andrea Felinto Moura
Richeng Jiang
Ormond A. MacDougald
Hartmut Jaeschke
Ian M.C. Dixon
Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
Katherine J. Robinson
Sjoerd J.L. van Wijk
Bradley J. Turner
Zhouguang Wang
Tongbiao Zhao
Maria Agnello
Alexander J. Whitworth
Wei Li
Hyung-Ryong Kim
Xiaopeng Qi
Alessandra Romano
Leopold F. Fröhlich
Ana Blas-Garcia
M. Victoria Delpino
Congcong He
Pierre Lapaquette
Sergey L. Kiselev
Hormos Salimi Dafsari
Eun-Kyoung Kim
Liat Drucker
Sara Marinelli
Marta Martinez-Vicente
Daolin Tang
Arvind K. Shukla
Andrey V. Cybulsky
Nicoletta Filigheddu
Martin Graef
Luc Furic
Yuting Zhao
Maja Misirkic Marjanovic
Massimo Nabissi
Sascha Martens
Hongmei Ren
Jia-Hong Lu
Thomas Vaccari
Anna Wawrzyńska
Yongheng Liang
Faustino Mollinedo
Edo Vellenga
Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
José M. Bravo-San Pedro
Shuang Zhao
Di Peng
Yueyang Liu
Jonathan F. Lovell
James A. da Silva
Yuchen Zhang
Anne Hamacher-Brady
Mattia Volta
Rani Ojha
Sandra-Fausia Soukup
David C. Rubinsztein
Edward M. Campbell
Nur M. Kocaturk
Marc Kantorow
Liu Yang
Nazira El-Hage
Li Yu
Elaine A. Dunlop
Mariko Moriyama
Zheng-Yu Zhou
Wan Yun Ho
H.B. Ranjitha
Nobuyuki Nukina
Ching-Hsuan Liu
Paola Lenzi
Esther Wong
Abhishek Sadhu
Rastislav Horos
Markus Damme
Karolina Pierzynowska
Lei Qiang
Georgios Chamilos
Günther Weindl
Jan C. Koch
Mar Lorente
Guilhem Bousquet
Jorg van Loosdregt
Roberta Nardacci
Shenggen Yao
W. Wei-Lynn Wong
Avinash Sonawane
Abhishek D. Garg
Quynh-Giao Tran
Shuo-Chien Ling
Congfeng Xu
Susana Castro-Obregon
Shiping Ding
Sandra Cabrera-Benitez
Alexei Solovchenko
Mukhran Khundadze
Douglas G. Mashek
Hikmet Budak
Shweta Saran
Changlian Zhu
Ina Koch
Shahid Y. Khan
Karen Castillo
Yibin Feng
Jakob Begun
Maria Sabater-Arcis
Michael B. Major
Hongchuan Jin
Lalit P. Singh
Donat Kögel
Hiromitsu Kanamori
Leopold Eckhart
Cesar Cardenas
Xuejun Wang
Tamas Csizmadia
Ling Zheng
Brian J. DeBosch
Seon-Hee Oh
Theo S. Plantinga
Ali Koskela
Uche C. Anozie
Ina Dobrinski
Jason S. Lee
Leticia Lemus
BethAnn McLaughlin
Michel Vidal
Peter Sutovsky
Małgorzata Milczarek
Jiong Li
Yanbo Fan
Ying Zhao
Alexandre Y. Leary
Sandro Goruppi
Francesca Nazio
Hua Bai
Kenneth Maiese
Edward A. Fisher
Carol Mercer
Phyllis I. Hanson
Mohit Kumar Jolly
Yasir Mohamud
Laura Avagliano
Cecilia Gelfi
Francesca Finetti
Jeong Hun Kim
Luqi Jin
Javier E. Irazoqui
Bin Zhang
Muhammad Ali
Christin Naumann
Alessandra Ghigo
Calvin K. Yip
Sandra Maday
Jan H. Reiling
Paola G. Bronson
Johan Jakobsson
Luke D. Roberts
Junying Miao
Yun Dai
Thomas Wollert
Michael Schramm
Marta Margeta
Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
Saška Lipovšek
Tobias Dallenga
George E. Barreto
Francesc Villarroya
Shou-Jiang Gao
Javier González-Gallego
Oliviero Marinelli
Tracey R. O’Donovan
Shu Aizawa
Lilian C. Pereira
Joanna Kaminska
Jian Wu
Ana I. Rojo
Hong-Min Ni
Soroush Sharbati
Mustafa Sahin
Christopher J. Shoemaker
Kishore Guda
Goran Petrovski
Lucia De Franceschi
Guido Kroemer
Per Nilsson
Ian E. Gentle
Sara Zanivan
Laure Aurelian
Changshun Shao
Eva Žerovnik
Gabriella Misso
Bianca E. Schneider
Joanna Poulton
Xing Huang
Zhiyong Li
Beth Levine
Nadezda Apostolova
Ira Milosevic
Sharon A. Tooze
Kang Sun
Daisuke Koya
Chun-Feng Liu
Yoshinori Takahashi
Cecilia Bucci
Qian Cai
Charlene C.W. Ng
Hui-Ling Zhang
Mohamed Elgendy
Stefano Thellung
Sławomir Januszewski
Jiangang Shen
Amine Belaid
Mahmoud Abdellatif
Shunhei Yamashina
Sanja Aveic
Laura Bonfili
Boris V. Chernyak
Francesco Pampaloni
Eslam S. Elsherbiny
Zu-Hang Sheng
Qian Yang
Angelo Poletti
Roland Schmitt
Shi-Yuan Cheng
Steven K. Backues
Qin Liu
Andreas S. Reichert
Swapnil Gupta
Tomasz K. Prajsnar
Quan-Hong Ma
Kinya Otsu
Shivendra V. Singh
Shounak Baksi
Hyunjung J. Lim
Jing Ji
Gyun Min Lee
Leonardo H. Travassos
Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro
Yong Cui
Ales Tichy
Gang Pei
Mark W. Grinstaff
Luca Di Leo
Sujoy Bhattacharya
Simone Cenci
Andreas Günther
Monica Nanni
Michele Caraglia
Yolanda León
Masahide Oku
Sebastien Besteiro
Anna Dubrovska
Marisa S. Otegui
Ilya V. Ulasov
Victoria Sanchez-Vera
Greet Van den Berghe
Shufang Wu
Xiao-Hong Liu
Rui Jia
Marco Sardiello
Ben Zhou
Somya Vats
Gabriel Del Rio
Abdel-Hamid K. Osman
Georges F. Carle
Yasin Dagdas
Jiachun Feng
Stephen L. Gregory
Patricia S. Romano
Rajat Puri
Ai Yamamoto
Min Jae Lee
Fatemeh Navid
Zubair M. Ahmed
Joshua T. Selsby
Luana Tomaipitinca
Evangelos Koustas
Javed N. Agrewala
Alvin C.
Sharad Kumar
Robert J. Bryson-Richardson
Ivan Dikic
Midori Umekawa
Luigi Puglielli
Stina Leskelä
Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
A. Ivana Scovassi
Po-Yuan Ke
Hao-Chun Chang
Anupam Agarwal
Xingguo Liu
Ruth M. Risueño
Qiming Sun
Young H. Yoo
Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
Renaud Legouis
Maggie Haitian Wang
Pooja Jadiya
Hitoshi Nakatogawa
Rut Valdor
Alicia M. Pickrell
Rafael Linden
Eyleen J. O’Rourke
Josefina Casas
James A. Olzmann
Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
Roger L. Williams
Mingliang Xiang
Chen Wang
Nicholas D. Demers
Jean M. Mulcahy Levy
Koji Okamoto
Bernhard Lüscher
Waleska K. Martins
Maho Hamasaki
Noopur V. Khobrekar
Nahed Ismail
Ying Yang
Isabella Batten
Ulka Sachdev
Mark Hochstrasser
Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues
Federico Manai
Bilon Khambu
Takahiro Shintani
Sang Yoon Lee
Jelena Đokić
Vanessa Ginet
Shigeru Saito
Tina Garofalo
Julio Madrigal-Matute
Aditya Murthy
Nestor Ishimwe
Tian Meng
Hui Zhang
Veronika Stoka
Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
Dora Visnjic
Cefan Zhou
Steffen Abel
Cosima T. Baldari
Alicia K. Au
Cong Yi
Susanta Pahari
Montserrat Cairó
Darius J. R. Lane
Jeff M. Bronstein
Chong Teik Tan
Yuxiang Jack Huang
Jia Liu
Tristan Renault
N. Tony Eissa
Adalberto Merighi
Maurizio Sorice
Alicia Llorente
Christophe Viret
Marcos A. Vannier-Santos
David W. Chan
Gabriella D’Orazi
Emmanuel A. Ho
William E. Hughes
Alessandro Luciani
Anthony H.V. Schapira
Jorge Quarleri
Anand Krishnan V. Iyer
John H. Kehrl
Shao-Bin Duan
Hiroshi Nishimune
Sang Sun Kang
Tianzhi Huang
Huafeng Wei
Stephen A. Spector
Surajit Sarkar
Volker Haucke
Xu Dong Zhang
Ricardo Gargini
Taeg Kyu Kwon
Mohammed Taouis
Frédéric Checler
Bernadette Carroll
Sophie Lotersztajn
Qun S. Zang
Subba Rao Gangi Setty
Alessio Di Fonzo
Trine H. Mogensen
Anthony W. Ferrante
Luigina Romani
Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent
Anna Katharina Simon
Helmut Krämer
Jiou Wang
Zengqiang Yuan
Simon A. Johnston
Diego Ruano
Alexander Greenhough
Tobias Madl
Ilse Vanhorebeek
Baharia Mograbi
Barbara Montico
Hao Zhou
Hirokazu Arimoto
Peter K. Kim
Tetsuji Miura
Peter S. Klein
Andreas Kern
Fabio Di Domenico
Claudio Luparello
Vasilis J. Promponas
Sabina Berezowska
Mohammad Y. Ansari
Yee-Shin Lin
Luisa Ottobrini
Stig U. Andersen
Namakkal-Soorappan Rajasekaran
Philip Rosenstiel
Surinder Pal Singh
Min Goo Lee
Helene Knævelsrud
Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
Rosario Rizzuto
David Romeo-Guitart
Shail K. Chaube
Huanxing Su
Andréia M. Leopoldino
Palsamy Periyasamy
Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto
Hao Liu
Alexandre T. Vessoni
Annika Höhn
Janaiah Kota
Ju-deng Zeng
Sylviane Muller
Daniel Grasso
Mariangela Librizzi
YongTian Liang
Thomas Neill
Rekha Rao
Haishan Huang
Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
Hanhua Cheng
Xiaoyong Yang
Steve Jean
Gema Frühbeck
Sachith Gallolu Kankanamalage
Anna Maria Marconi
Gregory A. Taylor
Riccardo Calvani
Stefano Santaguida
Suresh H. Basagoudanavar
Isabella Zanella
Daniel Papinski
Mark A. McNiven
Liwu Li
Jacques H. Camonis
Ariel F. Castro
Jochen Klucken
Mireia Niso-Santano
Shirley Tremel
Vincent Kam Wai Wong
J. Arjuna Ratnayaka
Keizo Kanasaki
Jorrit M. Enserink
Jiri Bartek
Hyun Kyu Song
Kun Huang
Morten Petersen
Geraldine Mitou
Allen Kaasik
Augustine M.K. Choi
Shenuarin Bhuiyan
Guang-Chao Chen
Jose L. Crespo
Masaaki Komatsu
Laura Masuelli
Ye-Guang Chen
Fabrizio Conti
Meiyan Jin
Angelo De Milito
Javier H. Hervás
Joseph R. Burgoyne
Patrick A. Lewis
Julian M. Carosi
Paul G. Thomes
Steven W. Millward
Ravi Manjithaya
Gian Luigi Russo
Christian Ungermann
Ryszard Pluta
Marveh Rahmati
Wayne D. Hawkins
Des R. Richardson
Elisa Motori
Shih-Hwa Chiou
Maria I. Vaccaro
Sokhna M.S. Yakhine-Diop
Najiba Mammadova
Hong-Gang Wang
João F. Passos
Milad Ashrafizadeh
Nicholas T. Ktistakis
Javad Alizadeh
Lian-Wang Guo
David Teis
Torsten Möhlmann
Elena Ziviani
Ian G. Ganley
Gang Zhou
Ülo Langel
Gabriele Varano
Lydie Combaret
Yanping Zhu
Antonella Forlino
Ming-Qing Li
Muniswamy Madesh
Benoit D. Roussel
Gopal Chakrabarti
Katja Stefan
Luis C. Romero
Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Mauricio S. Baptista
Wei Chen
Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
Patrice Codogno
Takeshi Noda
Cole M. Haynes
Aleem Siddiqui
Yuchen Feng
Rubén Gómez-Sánchez
Albert Descoteaux
Haoran Tai
Youngil Lee
Hiromi Sesaki
Yang Zhang
Ken Cadwell
Hongtao Shen
Deok Ryong Kim
Yenniffer Ávalos
Diego L. Medina
Jonathan M. Backer
Zhenhong Ni
Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
Yanchang Wang
Yushan Zhu
Olivier Devuyst
Michaela U. Gack
Makoto Ishikawa
Kailiang Zhou
Matthew D. Smith
Xuedong Liu
Mark A. Deehan
Francesco Paneni
Hannah Rabinowich
Oliana Carnevali
Carsten Lange
Yihua Wang
Shrawan K. Singh
Yasushi Kitaoka
Tullio Florio
Haocheng Lu
Zhibing Lai
Kohei Arasaki
Paul A. Spagnuolo
Didac Carmona-Gutierrez
Ted Powers
Antonio Ieni
Alisdair R. Fernie
Tobias Eisenberg
Steffan T. Nawrocki
Magali Humbert
Xiaobing Shi
Gian Maria Fimia
Susan Ferro-Novick
Ping Wang
Anna Colell
Klaus Ley
Martin W. Berchtold
Wentao Gao
Pengwei Wang
Johnatas D. Silva
Arthi Kanthasamy
Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
Gloria Salazar
Liang Ge
Eun-Jung Jin
Tomotake Kanki
Jing Liu
Diana Sousa
Mireille Verdier
Steven Roth
Antonio Zorzano
Aileen R. Ariosa
Erika Fodor
Shashi Gujar
Kasper M.A. Rouschop
Sara Alves
Clarissa Von Haefen
Babak Razani
Robert C. Bast
Benjamin Morga
Lisa B. Frankel
Lionel Apetoh
Ling-Yan Su
Vincent Galy
Astrid S. Pfister
Youngsoo Jun
Ana Garcera
Ao Zhou
Gemma Fabrias
James H. Hurley
Valerio Chiurchiù
Luciana R. Gomes
Flavia Franconi
James DeGregori
Chang-Shi Chen
Isabelle Beau
Edward D. Chan
Lea M. D. Delbridge
Nollaig M. Bourke
Chanhee Kang
Aurore Rozieres
Tania Martins-Marques
Trevor M. Nolan
Jun Cui
Manuela G. López
Akiko Maeda
Maurizio Molinari
Swapan K. Ray
Paul Saftig
Dmitry B. Zorov
Yong Lin
Maria Cavinato
Rina Bandopadhyay
Seung-Hoon Baek
Valeria Gerbino
Vito Turk
Federico Pietrocola
Jelena Dinić
Jun Hee Lee
Jennifer Martinez
Esther Barreiro
Cristina Tomas-Zapico
Bonnie Bartel
Shinjo Kajimura
Ju-Xian Song
Sujan Piya
Sofia Mariotto
Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano
Björn F. Vahsen
Hung-Fat Tse
Guansong Wang
Eran Schmukler
Patricia González-Rodríguez
Manuel Nieto-Diaz
Jared M. Dickinson
Sung-Chul Jung
Ming-Lung Yu
Yasuhiro Maejima
Rodrigo Franco
Honghe Zhang
Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
Illana Gozes
Guillermo Velasco
Cagri G. Besirli
Hemal H. Patel
Jocelyn Laporte
Mario Chiong
Marina Mora
Nils C. Gassen
Zhen Zou
Camilla Palumbo
Aishwarya Sathyanarayan
Xiu-Tang Cheng
Christoph Leschczyk
Michinaga Ogawa
Yognqi Fang
Steven L. Brody
Filippo Scialo
Yakubu Princely Abudu
Judit Herreros
Payel Sil
Victor Bustos
Alexander Steinkasserer
Sandra Turcotte
Robin S.B. Williams
Zuguo Li
Annalisa Nobili
Giacinto Bagetta
Rosa M. Soler
Antonio Cuadrado
Jiandie D. Lin
Udai B. Pandey
Sabrina Büttner
Adrián Martín-Segura
Viktor A. Billes
Mirta Boban
M. Bishr Omary
Anna Gukovskaya
Kulbhushan Sharma
Alexander A. Soukas
Gaurav Sahay
Rubén Artero
Werner Zwerschke
Krikor Bijian
Tomokazu Murakawa
Antonia Werner
Honglin Luo
Lea Schürmanns
Richard G. Pestell
Peter H.M. Hoet
Ahmed M. Al-Abd
Takahiro Yasui
Sergio Hernandez-Diaz
Yong Keun Jung
Zhiyong Zhang
Peipei Wang
Francesca Scatozza
Harald Stenmark
Mykolas Bendorius
Thomas P. Neufeld
Viorica Raluca Contu
Daisuke Ito
Viviana Moresi
Eija Jokitalo
Feng Shao
Jin-Hoi Kim
José A. Martina
Chanakya N. Kundu
Chunling Huang
Qin He
Zhuo-Wei Hu
Heung Kyu Lee
Atsushi Tamura
Sylvain Ladoire
Gaurav R. Barve
Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
Eva Sundberg
Brett Williams
Arthur M. Feldman
Yi-Ping Li
Jeroen Roelofs
Ilaria Laface
Kenneth K. Wu
Shu Yang
Danuta S. Kalinowski
Gabriella Cavallini
Jan Gunst
Michael A. Mandell
Andrew R. Tee
Selvakumar Subbian
Wei-Xing Zong
Paola Maycotte
Elena Cardenal-Muñoz
Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
Patricio Manque
Katarzyna Wiktorska
Antonella Consiglio
Damien J. Keating
Kumsal A. Tekirdag
Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez
J. Andrew Livingston
Jianrong Wang
Asa B. Gustafsson
Tibor Vellai
Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
Maria Russo
Ryohei Sakai
Pilar Zaragoza
Alicia Alonso
Guoping Zheng
Esperanza Arias
Myung-Shik Lee
Mitchell R. McGill
Aurora Scrivo
Joan Villarroya
Tamar Farfel-Becker
Wei Yuan Yang
Victor C. Yu
Matthew T.V. Chan
Elise Jacquin
Jennifer S. Carew
Palaniyandi Ravanan
Heinz Josef Lenz
Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
Taiga Miyazaki
Mónica Suárez Korsnes
Keisuke Miyazawa
Melek Ozturk
Chenran Wang
Elma Aflaki
Thorsten Pfirrmann
Chuan-Ming Xie
Hagai Abeliovich
Kaio Kitazato
Jing Yang
Ilaria Campesi
Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
Ariadna Bargiela
Hidekazu Suzuki
José L. Mauriz
Seth D. Merkley
Serge Mostowy
Sebahattin Cirak
Lipi Thukral
Seungmin Hwang
Rahul Pandey
Alexander Goginashvili
Walter Malorni
Bengt Fadeel
Lynn A. Megeney
Shree Padma Metur
Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
Rosario Osta
Anna Moles
Zully Pedrozo
Ling-Qing Yuan
Mauro De Santi
Kapil Sirohi
Peter Lorincz
Veer Bala Gupta
Sumit Sahni
Kwang-Huei Lin
Makandjou-Ola Eusebio
Francisco García-Del Portillo
Jose M. Lizcano
Abraham H. Parola
Ying-Ray Lee
Ken Inoki
Marco Sandri
Steven S. Witkin
Boxuan Yu
Mitsunori Miyazaki
José M. Villalba
Paul M. Yen
Apurva Sarin
David Morales-Alamo
Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
Brooke M. Emerling
Ahruem Baek
Meidan Ying
Josef T. Kittler
Marc A. Vooijs
Jakob Mejlvang
Consolato Sergi
Chiara Vidoni
Simon A. Walker
Paolo Grumati
Yu Xue
Magali Casanova
Klara Megyeri
Timothy E. Shutt
Yi Zhang
Han-Jung Chae
Tibor Kovács
Alessandro Matte
Sabine Kuenen
Yong-ho Lee
Uxía Nogueira-Recalde
Meng-xiang Sun
Jack Ho Wong
Ming Li
Shigeomi Shimizu
Tsunenori Saito
Simon Alberti
Xuesong Yang
Hitoshi Okazawa
Marc Diederich
Holm H. Uhlig
Kevin M. Coombs
Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
Melanie Schwarten
Hong-tao Xiao
Janusz Blasiak
Mridhula Giridharan
Makoto Shimozawa
Florian Gruber
Qiangrong Liang
Sung Hee Baek
Rachel E. Simmonds
Maria J. Valente
Sung Bae Lee
Roger J. Davis
Wen-Xing Ding
Elisabeth Letellier
Maria Mrakovcic
Anna Salazar-Degracia
Mauricio Budini
Santiago Signorelli
Oliver Schmidt
Dhiraj Kumar
Vinoy Vijayan
Attila L. Kovacs
Ilio Vitale
Marta Bueno
Leshuai W. Zhang
Besim Ogretmen
Johanna Mayer
Zheng Ying
Huaye Zhang
Hideaki Morishita
Rokeya Sultana Rekha
Gary Sweeney
Massimo Donadelli
Siegfried Reipert
Sandy Giuliano
Marina Pierdominici
Pablo Iribarren
Richard J.
Christian Meyer
Nicolas Dupont
Minghui Gao
Martina Hutabarat
Joan M. Taylor
Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
David W. Walker
Joseph R. Mazzulli
En Xu
Xiong-Wen Chen
Helen C. Roberts
Alon Kahana
Robert Blomgran
Alfredo Criollo
Danilo Candido de Almeida
Patricia C. Brum
Xin-Ming Chen
Hans-Peter Elsasser
Jing-Pu Zhang
Christoph Borner
Marc Poirot
Sonja Aits
George Diallinas
Vladimir N Uversky
Mario Pinar
Kathrin Thedieck
Andreas Buch Møller
Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
Alex Lyakhovich
Maria Kalamvoki
Blagovesta Popova
Yu Qiu
Sang Chul Park
Nathaniel Safren
Tewin Tencomnao
Rekha Khandia
Christophe Lefebvre
Monica Schiappacassi
J. Ross Buchan
William K.K. Wu
Virginie M. Betin
Motomasa Tanaka
Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova
Micah B. Schott
Hexiang Wang
Heinz Jungbluth
Yuuki Fujiwara
James Harris
Chung-Pei Lee
Rongcan Luo
Jingfeng Tang
Vildan Bozok Cetintas
Marcello D’Amelio
Wei Xiang
Debasish Sinha
Gautam Borthakur
Chih Hung Lo
Aleksandra Skirycz
Julia Liu
Jongsook Kim Kemper
Mohd Ishaq
Alakananda Basu
Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
Angela S. Laird
Channing J. Der
Jarrod A. Call
Hong-Bing Shu
Shyam S. Nandi
Stefania D’Adamo
Yan Chen
Benoit Pasquier
Helena Porta
Christian Pohl
Andras Perl
Vojo Deretic
Masaki Tanaka
Kenrick A. Waite
Julien Giustiniani
Kevin M. Ryan
Guangwei Du
Vanessa Henkel
Benjamin Bourgeois
Maria L. Torgersen
Giuseppe Merla
Paula Ludovico
Gustavo J.S. Pereira
Abdeljabar El Andaloussi
Sehamuddin Galadari
Jose A. Gonzalez-Reyes
Nadine Camougrand
Lianrong Wang
Miodrag Čolić
Adrien Pasquier
Zili Zhang
Yubin Zhou
Ling Tian
Andrea Conte
Rui Huang
Venturina Stagni
Zijian Hao
Yi Zheng
Richard N. Kitsis
Maria-Rosa Sarrias
Marcos Martin-Rincon
Sang-Bing Ong
Avnika Ashok Ruparelia
Joan S. Steffan
Glenn R. Masson
Nandadulal Bairagi
Scot R. Kimball
Gabriel Muciño-Hernández
Diego di Bernardo
Hélène Jeltsch-David
Francisco G. Wandosell
Thais Fenz Araujo
Ann M. Wehman
Dantong Shang
Chengbiao Wu
Binglin Zhu
Carlotta Giorgi
Philippe Boeuf
Sergio Lavandero
Pascale Bomont
Huan Dou
Hua Zhu
Vasileios Oikonomou
Jan D. Lünemann
Chengyu Liang
Resham Bhattacharya
Runxia H. Wen
Kim Rewitz
Mario Mauthe
Weidong Han
Olga A. Mareninova
Mary E. Choi
Parimal Karmakar
Luca M. Neri
Xinxin Zhang
Stephane Rocchi
Holger W. Auner
Frank Tacke
Doug E. Brackney
Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
Vincenzo Mollace
Cristina Mazzoni
Nuria S. Coll
Javier Castro-Hernandez
Ou Sha
Silvia Carloni
Vladimir V. Rogov
Yih-Cherng Liou
Hana Popelka
Valeria Raia
Roberta A. Gottlieb
Soledad Porte Alcon
Masaya Imoto
Luis M. Botana
Gábor Juhász
Lora V. Hooper
Carlos S. Subauste
Wenyu Lin
Georg M.N. Behrens
Claudio Pignata
Ashok Munjal
Edward A. Ratovitski
Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
Xiaonan Dong
Jakub Golab
Sujit Kumar Bhutia
Guido Lenz
Xiaoqing Wu
Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco
Ichiro Nakagawa
Frank W. Sellke
Yukio Fujiki
Sven Marcel Stefan
Liang Xu
Steven Finkbeiner
Stephanie M. Hughes
Guillermo López-Doménech
Liliana Torres-López
Manlio Di Cristina
Mingzhi Liao
Eun Jung Sohn
Honghong Yao
Ulises Ahumada-Castro
Ben C.B. Ko
Yanzhuang Wang
Mark O. Collins
Alberto Falcó
Juan Iovanna
I-Lun Hsin
Michael N. Moore
Julia A. Loos
Oliver Florey
Marc S. Dionne
Jong-In Park
Rohan Dhiman
Young Ho Koh
You-Wen He
Daniel J. Klionsky
Oliver Kepp
Christian H. Brandts
Emmanuel Culetto
Gene Chi Wai Man
Vittorio Fineschi
Chuanyong Guo
Emiliano Maiani
Caigan Du
Tie-Shan Tang
Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
Benjamin Dehay
Carsten Sachse
David J. Vocadlo
Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
Paloma B. Liton
Sokol V. Todi
Huan Yang
Rudi Beyaert
Florian Beaumatin
Yuen-Li Chung
Volker Dotsch
Michael Ollmann
Ya-Qin Tan
Robert Clarke
Romeo Ricci
Marco Tafani
Sandra M. Cardoso
Jesper Nylandsted
Chih-Wen Shu
Liming Wang
Claudia Giampietri
Thorsten Hoppe
Jose A. Sanchez-Alcazar
Majid Sakhi Jabir
M. Helena Vasconcelos
Claudia Muratori
Yasuo Yanagi
Raymond L. Yung
Leilei Chen
Sónia P. Duarte
J. Fielding Hejtmancik
Allen Taylor
Darius Armstrong-James
Gonen Memisoglu
Haixia Zhuang
Márcia R. Cominetti
Paras Kumar Mishra
Jose M. Fuentes
Jan B. Parys
Ronggui Hu
Romana Schober
Antonio Facchiano
Yun Chau Long
Sulagna Banerjee
Matteo Bergami
Isabella Caniggia
Soo Han Bae
Mara Cirone
Elena Morelli
Devrim Gozuacik
Lu Zhang
Moises Martinez Velazquez
Trevor J. Biden
Natercia Teixeira
Yao-Wen Wu
Maria Cecilia Sanchez
Masaki Ohmuraya
Veronica Granatiero
Paul Dalhaimer
Pamela Mattar
Thomas Pulinilkunnil
John H. Brumell
Chun Guo
Paola Costelli
Patrizia Rovere-Querini
Alan Kwok Shing Chiang
Cristiana Barbati
Fayaz Malik
Vinod K. Mony
Melissa Nassif
Quan Chen
Dasol Kim
Stephen D. Schmidt
M. Abdul Alim Al-Bari
Luan Luu
Davide Cervia
Henrique Girao
Janne M. Toivonen
Journal: Autophagy (2021)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: Autophagosome; LC3; cancer; flux; lysosome
Affiliations: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy., Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mainz, Germany., Medical University of Graz, Division of Cardiology, Graz, Austria., Pasteur institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and HIV, Tehran, Iran., Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Rehovot, Israel., Danish Cancer Society Research Center, RNA and Autophagy Group, Copenhagen, Denmark., University of Troms√∏ - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Troms√∏, Norway., Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Research Unit; CIBERNED and Universidad de La Laguna, ITB, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain., University of California, Davis, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA., University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Medicine I, Innsbruck, Austria., University of Calabria, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy., National Institutes of Health, National Eye institute, Protein Structure and Function Section, Bethesda, MD, USA., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Beer-Sheva, Israel., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Nephrology and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA., Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA., University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy., Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, India., University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK., University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, TX, USA., Colby College, Department of Biology, Waterville, ME, USA., University of Maryland School of Medicine, Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Baltimore, MD, USA., Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile., Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell Death, Lysosomes and Artificial Intelligence Group, Lund, Sweden., Nihon University, College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan., Ko√ß University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and KUTTAM Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey., University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, Crete, Greece., The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Sutton, UK., Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates., University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Department of Research, Flint, MI, USA., McGill University, Departments of Medicine and Oncology and Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Technical University Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Dresden, Germany., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Psicolog√≠a Experimental, Facultad de Psicolog√≠a, Sevilla, Spain., Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy., The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., University of Rajshahi, Department of Pharmacy, Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza 108, Palestine., Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Barcelona, Spain., Cleveland Clinic, Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland, OH, USA., University of the Basque Country, Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leioa, Spain., Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier√≠a Gen√©tica y Biolog√≠a Molecular "Dr. H√©ctor N. Torres", Laboratorio de se√±alizaci√≥n y mecanismos adaptativos en Tripanosom√°tidos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Fisiolog√≠a, Biolog√≠a Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Buenos Aires University, Biochemistry and Pharmacy School, Deparment of Microbiology Immunology Biotechnology and Genetic, IDEHU, CABA, Argentina., Universidade do Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investiga√ß√£o e Inova√ß√£o em Sa√∫de, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Porto, Portugal; FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Department of Biological Sciences, Porto, Portugal., Universit√© C√¥te d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled (Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz), Valbonne, France., Islamic University of Gaza, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaza, Palestine., University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, Pavia, Italy., University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy., University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal., Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy., Ohio State University, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and the Infectious Disease Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA., Save as Ravi Manjithaya., University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus C, Denmark., Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Federal University of S√£o Paulo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, S√£o Paulo, SP, Brazil., Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles CA, USA., University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna, Italy., City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA, USA., University of Tennessee, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN, USA., Northeast Ohio Medical university, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Rootstown, OH, USA., iNOVA4Health Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ci√™ncias M√©dicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany., School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., University of Helsinki, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Helsinki, Finland., INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France., University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centre for Networked Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain., National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan., Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan., Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Hachioji, Horinouchi, Tokyo, Japan., Universidade Federal de Vi√ßosa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Vi√ßosa, MG, Brazil., The Jikei University School of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease, Departent of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient√≠ficas (CSIC) and CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain., University of Seville, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, Seville, Spain., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA., Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Washington D.C., USA., Tohoku University, Graduate School fo Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan., University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Imperial College London, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriolgy and Infection, Department of Microbiology, London, UK., Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Toulouse, France., Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Roy J. Carver Co-Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA., Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Laboratorio de Oncohematolog√≠a, Hospital Nacional de Cl√≠nicas, CONICET, C√≥rdoba, Argentina., York College/The City University of New York, Department of Biology, Jamaica, NY, USA., Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain., University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo, Italy., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Bronx, NY, USA., Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, √úniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlƒ±, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey., Meir Medical Center, Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel., The Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., University of Nice, Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine, Inserm U1065, Nice, France., Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK., Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA., University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin, Italy., University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Milano, Italy., Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Department of Biology, Santiago, Chile., Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citt√† della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy., CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, IIIUC - Instituto de Investiga√ß√£o Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel., Tulane Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA., Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA., University of Malta, Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Msida, Malta., Kogakuin University, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Bronx, NY, USA., Eastern Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Ypsilanti, MI, USA., Hanyang University, College of Pharmacy, Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea., Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea., University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA., Konkuk University, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea., Ajou University, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Suwon, Korea., Seoul National University, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul, South Korea., University of Calabria, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Cosenza, Italy., Adam Mickiewicz University/Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of General Botany, Poznan, Poland., Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA., Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical School, Kunming, Yunnan, China., National Jewish Health, Department of Academic Affairs, Denver, CO, USA., University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA., Jadavpur University, Department of Mathematics, Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Kolkata, India., Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden., University of Genoa, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, Genoa, Italy., University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Siena, Italy., University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino (PU), Italy., Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Caldes de Montbui, Spain., Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany., UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Reta Lila Weston Institute, London, UK., Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey., University of Miami, Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA., Universit√© C√¥te D'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France., School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Universidade de S√£o Paulo. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo, Brazil., University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy., University of Rome (Tor Vergata), Department of Biology, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Rome, Italy., Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, UK., University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Pompeu Fabra University, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain., University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences, Limerick, Ireland; University of Limerick, Health Research Institute, Limerick, Ireland., Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark., Rice University, Department of Biosciences, Houston, TX, USA., Columbia University, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, and Neuroscience Unit, Autophagy Laboratory, Jakkur, Bangalore, India., ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, FMD Vaccine Research Laboratory, Bengaluru, India., The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA., University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, USA., University of Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium., Trinity College Dublin, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland., Universit√© Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1195, H√¥pital Le Kremlin Bic√™tre, 80 rue du G√©n√©ral Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bic√™tre, France., University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA., Institut National de la Sant√© et de la Recherche M√©dicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Universit√©, Universit√© de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France., Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; UCL, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK., Universit√© Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1185, Le Kremlin-Bic√™tre, France., Universit√© de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-P√©e-sur-Nivelle, France., University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil., Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Atlanta, GA, USA., University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, PENN Center for Pulmonary Biology, Lung Epithelial Biology Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit√§t M√ºnchen, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, M√ºnchen, Germany., Hannover Medical School, Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover, Germany., University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy., Tufts University, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Boston, MA, USA., Bar-Ilan University, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel., University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Mainz, Germany., Boston University, Metcalf Science Center, Boston, MA, USA., Sorbonne Universit√©, CNRS UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Mol√©culaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Paris, France., Italian Liver Foundation, Trieste, Italy., University of Rome "Sapienza", Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy., Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog√≠a-CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain., Universidad Aut√≥noma de Madrid, Departamento de Biolog√≠a Molecular, Madrid, Spain., University of S√£o Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center/Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA., UMR 7242 "Biotechnology and cellular signaling", CNRS, Illkirch, France., Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis MO, USA., Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain., Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia., University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark., University of Lausanne Hospital and Lausanne University, Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland., Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK., University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany., University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology (MCCB), Worcester, MA, USA., Magna Graecia University, Department of Health Sciences, Catanzaro, Italy., Universit√© Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France., CNRS, Universit√© de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogen√®se Membranaire UMR5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France; Universit√© de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogen√®se Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France., Universit√© du Qu√©bec √† Trois-Rivi√®res, D√©partement de Biologie M√©dicale, Trois-Rivi√®res, Qu√©bec, Canada., University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., University of Montpellier, CNRS/UMR5235 LPHI, Montpellier, France., Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium., University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK., University of New Mexico, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Neurology, Albuquerque, NM, USA., Comenius University, Department of Biochemistry, Bratislava, Slovakia., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA., Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, TN, USA., Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Shreveport, LA, USA., National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Rourkela, Odisha, India., Michigan Technological University, Department of Chemistry, Houghton, MI, USA., Dalian Medical University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian, China., Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., E√∂tv√∂s Lor√°nd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary., Federal University of S√£o Paulo, Department of Pharmacology, Paulista School of Medicine, S√£o Paulo, Brazil., University Hospital of North Norway, The Heart and Lung Clinic; University of Tromso-The Artic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromso, Norway., Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Trondheim, Norway., University of York, Department of Biology, Heslington, UK., University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain., University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland., Link√∂ping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Link√∂ping, Sweden., Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden AND Karolinska University Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden., Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, IN, USA., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Immunology, Memphis, TN, USA., University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia., University of Pennsylvania, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia., University College Cork, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, County Cork, Ireland., INMG, INSERM, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France., University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy., Institut National de la Sant√© et de la Recherche M√©dicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit√©, Universit√© de Paris, Paris, France., National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division (NCSBD), Bethesda, MD, USA., West Virginia University, Department of Surgery, Morgantown, WV, USA., The Open University, School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Milton Keynes, UK., University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy., Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Freiburg, Germany., University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland., University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Houston, TX, USA., Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, OH, USA; InterRayBio, LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA., Washington State University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA., University Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, Veterinary Faculty, Lugo, Spain., Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, USA., Universit√© de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA., Medical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graz, Austria., University Paris 13, UMR_S942 Inserm; University of Paris, Bobigny, France., Centro de Investigaciones Biol√≥gicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden., Stanford University, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford, CA, USA., Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK., The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA., Goethe University, University Hospital, University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt, Germany., Danube Private University, Department of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Krems/Donau, Austria., Georg-August-Universit√§t G√∂ttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, G√∂ttingen, Germany., Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrici√≥n y Tecnolog√≠a de los Alimentos (INTA), Santiago, Chile., Universit√© de Paris, Sorbonne Universit√©, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France., University C√¥te d'Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Sant√© et de la Recherche M√©dicale (INSERM) U1081, Nice, France., Centre des Sciences du Go√ªt et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comt√©, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France., National Autonomous University of Mexico, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, Mexico city, Mexico., University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and TraumaCenter, San Francisco, CA, USA., University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Denmark., University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA., Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA., University of Colorado, AMC, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA., University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, USA., University of Sao Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport, Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil., Hospital for Sick Children, Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada., University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy., Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., University of Salento, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy., Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bact√©ries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France., University of Pittsburgh, Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., University Duisburg-Essen, Essen University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany., Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA., University of Arizona, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tucson, AZ, USA., University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Montana BioAg. Inc. Missoula, MT, USA., Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontolog√≠a, Autophagy Research Center (ARC), Santiago, Chile., KU Leuven, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium., University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department of Medical Genetics, Craiova, Romania., King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK., University of Cordoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, C√≥rdoba, Spain., The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA., Stockholm University, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden., University of Verona, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biological Chemistry Section, Verona, Italy., Departmento de Biolog√≠a Celular e Histolog√≠a, Facultad de Biolog√≠a, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci√≥n Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain., Universidad Nacional Aut√≥noma de M√©xico, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Fibrosis Lab, Mexico City, Mexico., New York University School of Medicine, Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York, NY, USA., Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China., University of Louisville, Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Louisville, KY, USA., Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ, USA., University of Barcelona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Network Center for Biomedical Research in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain., University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway., University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA., University of Georgia, Department of Kinesiology, Athens, GA, USA., Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy., University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Arag√≥n, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain., University of S√£o Paulo, Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, S√£o Paulo, SP, Brazil., CNRS, Institut Cu

Abstract:  In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This is another episode of guidelines paper. More participants listed here - Affiliations listed stopped at 2299 - this means that there are 2299 authors in the manuscript. Unbelievable - how did they manage to get a consensus on what is written. May the first author explain, how the authorship on this guidelines is decided? It should be explained ! Attendees of a conference or something? There are a number of controversial names in the author list. , 
 This is the 4th edition of this guideline  article . Astonishingly, authors that have been included on this latest edition got accredited retroactively all the citations (more than 7000) that this paper accumulated over the years for Google Scholar. I don t know whether this holds true for Scopus and Clarivate. Could someone check? Also, it would be interesting to know whether the authors indeed use the metrics of this  article to artificially blow up their curricula. The metrics of the journal *Autophagy* are obviously inflated by the amount of citations that this guideline has collected. Of note, the Editor-in-Chief of *Autophagy* is the first author of this guideline  article . , 
 I don t think this is a problem. There are many articles like this especially in clinical studies. Are we also going to retract them ? https: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 31891112 https: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 33272940 https: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 29452941 , 
 aboslutely, on scopus citations recorded are : 2008 - 1844, 2012 - 2542, 2016 - 3062. I know a colleague of mine included in all the three and his her citations shot up by 8000 because of these numbers. Of course, used for performance reviews annually.... , 
 #3 I am sorry - we are not discussing here to  retract them. This is the misconception about pubpeer discussion - when we post comment on pubpeer, it doesn t mean that the paper should be retracted. Here, these guidelines paper attract huge numbers of citations - there are my colleagues who use these citations to highlight in their cv and  artificially blow up their cv (as #2 Aneurus Inconstans mentioned above). We discussed this before... , 
 #5 The problem is your colleague s use of the paper - not the paper itself. Should papers like this be prohibited just because of problems with impact factors and a stupid focus on citations? , 
 #6  ....prohibited is a strong word - I did not use it, I think. Again, I don t understand the perception - I did not indicate for retraction or prohibition. Just misuse of these matrices in personal gain! that is it. Please don t misquote. ,