Assessment of facial and cranial development and comparison of anthropometric ratios
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi
Journal: Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (2012)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Anthropometry; Craniofacial anthropometry; Iranian; Canadian; Facial ratios
Affiliations: Department of Basic Sciences, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran. 

Abstract:  Background: Anthropometry is the biologic science of human body measurement. Craniofacial anthropometry discusses the characteristics on the measures of different soft and hard tissues of the head and face, and it is considered an important paraclinical record for the growth and development of the index and also for the diagnosis and curing orthodontic matters. Studying the craniofacial anthropometrics ratios is very useful in sciences such as dentistry, medicine, maxillofacial surgery, growth and development studies, plastic surgery, bioengineering, and nonmedical branches such as respiratory equipment and eye-glasses industries. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine Iranian cranial and facial anthropometric ratios and compare anthropometric ratios between Iranian and Canadian populations. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was done randomly on 564 four-to-eleven-year-old boys from Shirvan (North Khorasan, Iran) with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios were estimated and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The mean values of these parameters were calculated .Finally, the regression line and the growth coefficient were determined for each parameter. Furthermore, the mean anthropometric measurement of Iranians was compared with Canadians. Student t test was used for comparing the measured values. Results: Iranian population when born has hypereuryprosopic face and hypercephalic cranium form. While getting older, the midface height increases, face becomes more prominent, chin becomes shorter, and the face and cranium change to eurycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic form, respectively. Comparison of results related to the face and cranium size between Iranian and Canadian boys (4-11 years old) showed that many craniofacial ratios have significant differences (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Approximately, all of the anthropometric measurements in Iranian population and Canadians were significantly different. Considering the significant difference in the facial and cranial anthropologic ratios and size among Iranians and Canadians, the results obtained from Canadians should not be applied as criteria for treatment plans. Because of the wide population affinity combinations in Iran, more studies, with wider variations, should be conducted among different Iranian population affinity. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 This study appears to describe the same subjects and measurements as published in at least five other papers by the same researcher. * Azami Mahdi, Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi, Bagheri Hojat and Roshan Hossein - Study of some face physical dimensions in Iranian boys - International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 7(7), pp. 1088 - 1096, 9 February, 2012 - DOI: 10.5897 IJPS11.1689 - https: pubpeer.com publications 19E38B90C20439248B9458219E7E04 * Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi, Kazemzadeh Fariba and Adibfar Nader - Study of cephalometric parameters among 4 to 11 years old Persian girls resident in Iran - Journal of Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering Vol. 4(2), pp. 23-29, May 2012 - DOI: 10.5897 JDBTE11.026 - https: pubpeer.com publications EACE1AC278B9F87EC1EFC9E4CD5029 * Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi, Marouzi Parviz, Mousavinik Mozhgan, and Shahghasemi Hamid Reza - Evaluation of some facial biometric landmark from birth to maturity (Case Study: Shirvan city s population; North Khorasan ; Iran) - Researcher 2012;4(12):90-95 - No DOI * Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi, Farhadi Abolfazl, Kazemzadeh Fariba - Evaluation of Some Anthropometric Parameters in 4-11-Year-Old Boys of Kurmanj Ethnic Origin (North Khorasan, Iran) - Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 3164-3170, 2011 - No DOI *. Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi, Kazemzadeh Fariba and Adibfar Nader - Study of cephalometric parameters among 4 to 11 years old Persian girls resident in Iran - Global Journal of Biological and Biomedical Research, 2013 - No DOI All papers describe a group of 564 children, ranging from 4-11 years old, but In some papers, the subjects are Iranian boys, in others they are Farsi girls. All measurements appear to be identical. Because the same measurements are described for two different groups of subjects, one can question if one of these datasets might not be correct. Can the authors please clarify how these data sets can be so similar across different groups of children, and why the same dataset was published at least six times? , 
 On the JCS website, the following is stated:  u00a9 2012 Mutaz B. Habal, MD https: journals.lww.com jcraniofacialsurgery Abstract 2012 03000 Assessment_of_Facial_and_Cranial_Development_and.77.aspx What does this mean? , 
 #2 Mutaz B. Habal appears to be the editor-in-chief of this Wolters-Kluwer journal. I doubt he gets to have the copyright. https: journals.lww.com jcraniofacialsurgery Pages aboutthejournal.aspx http: www.mhabal.com home.htm  ,