RETRACTED: Alterations in cytokine gene expression profile in colon mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients on different therapeutic regimens
Authors: Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova
Spaska Stanilova
Tsvetelina Velikova
Zoya Spassova
Dobroslav Kyurkchiev
Iliya Karakolev
Iskra Altankova
Journal: Cytokine (2017)
Discipline: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
Keywords: Cytokines; FoxP3; IL-17; Immunosuppressive therapy; Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Affiliations: Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, bul. Acad. Ivan Evst. Geshov 15, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria. Electronic address: ., Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, bul. Acad. Ivan Evst. Geshov 15, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria., Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Acad. Ivan Evst. Geshov 15 Blvd., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria., Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Armeiska 11 Str., Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria., University Hospital Lozenets, Sofia University, ul. Kozyak 1, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Abstract:  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is assumed to be caused by genetic and environmental factors that interact together in promoting intestinal immune dysregulation where cytokines have validated role. However, the underlying intimate mechanisms in the human IBD involving cytokines still needs to be supplemented especially in the clinical context. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of some inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23, IL-6, TGFŒ≤1, and IL-10) as well as of the transcription factor FoxP3 in mucosal samples of IBD and non-IBD patients. We assessed the mRNA relative quantities (RQ) of the above-mentioned cytokines and the transcription factor FoxP3 in paired colonic samples (inflamed and adjacent normal mucosa) from 37 patients with IBD and in normal mucosal tissue in 12 persons without IBD by performing a qRT-PCR assay and tested the protein levels of target cytokines in serum samples. The patients were divided into three groups: without any therapy (n=10), on 5-ASA (n=11) and on immunosuppressants (Azathioprine¬±5-ASA/corticosteroids) (n=16) in order to compare the RQ values for each therapeutic group. All investigated genes were found upregulated in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients in the following order: IL-6&gt;FoxP3&gt;TGFŒ≤1&gt;IL-23&gt;IL-17A&gt;IL-10. We also observed that the gene expression of FoxP3 and IL-6 were substantially higher in the inflamed mucosal tissue of the IBD patients than the adjacent normal mucosa (p=0.035, p=0.03 respectively). Differences between higher mRNA expression of FoxP3 and IL-6 in inflamed tissue were considered significant in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (p=0.011, p=0.000 respectively) and with Crohn's disease (CD) (p=0.008, p=0.000 respectively) in comparison to the normal mucosa of non-IBD persons and we found increased TGFŒ≤1 in CD patients alone (p=0.041). Furthermore, IL-6 and TGFŒ≤1 were overexpressed (RQ&gt;10) in non-inflamed mucosa from IBD patients compared to the normal mucosa from the controls. When we compared the gene expression for paired mucosa in the immunosuppressive treated group with the 5-ASA treated group we observed opposite changes in IL-6 and TGFŒ≤1 expression. Additionally, we found higher serum levels of IL-23 (p=0.008), TGFŒ≤1 and IL-6 in IBD patients compared to non-IBD patients. The obtained specific expression profile consisting of IL-6, TGFŒ≤1, IL-10 and FoxP3 may represent a transcriptional hallmark for IBD. Furthermore, we found that treatment with immunosuppressive therapy was more beneficial for driving cytokine expression to restore immune regulation in patients with IBD, unlike the 5-ASA therapy. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 2020 retraction. https: www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S104346662030034X This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The authors would like to retract the paper on the grounds that some of the data in this paper (namely Table 1 and Fig. 2) were reused from one of their previous publications (Velikova T et al (2013) Comptes Rendus de lu2019 Acadu00e9mie Bulgare des Sciences). While the overall conclusion of the study does not change, the authors realize that it is unethical to reuse the data per journal policies. The authors voluntarily retract the paper and apologize to the readers and scientific community. ,