Long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: Functional roles and clinical implications
Authors: Yun-Hua Xu
Guo Wang
Yuan-Shan Zhu
Jun-Li Deng
Journal: Cancer Letters (2019)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: Androgen receptor; Biomarkers; Castration-resistant prostate cancer; DNA damage; ceRNA.
Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address: ., Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA. Electronic address: .

Abstract:  Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. LncRNAs have been documented to exhibit aberrant expression in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Currently, screening for prostate cancer results in overdiagnosis. The consequent overtreatment of patients with indolent disease in the clinic is due to the lack of appropriately sensitive and specific biomarkers. Thus, the identification of lncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer is promising. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of lncRNA expression patterns and mechanisms in prostate cancer. In particular, we focus on lncRNAs regulated by the androgen receptor and the specific molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in prostate cancer to provide a potential clinical therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 A cursory glance at the Citations list of this paper reveals four references to *European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences* papers, all with their own PubPeer threads. [24] X.L. Yang, C. Wei, Y.B. Zhang, H.Q. Guo, [Long noncoding RNA TUG1 promotes progression via upregulating DGCR8 in prostate cancer] , Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 23 (2019) 2391u20132398. [28] C. Liu, L. Wang, Y.W. Li, Y.S. Cui, Y.Q. Wang, S. Liu, [Long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 promotes migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting KISS1 expression] , Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 23 (2019) 3277u20133283. [29] Z.T. Yang, F. An, J.D. Hu, W.H. Zhao, [Long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 accelerates the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer via inhibiting RBM5 expression] , Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 23 (2019) 3284u20133290. [30] X.Q. Zhai, F.M. Meng, S.F. Hu, P. Sun, W. Xu, [Mechanism of LncRNA ROR promoting prostate cancer by regulating Akt] , Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 23 (2019) 1969u20131977.  ---------------------------------- [24], [28] and [29] hail from the [ Stock Photo papermill] . [24] and [28] have been retracted. [30] [is noteworthy] for recruiting 22 **female** patients out of 42 with prostate cancer, so I have to question whether the present authors ever actually read the papers they supposedly reviewed. ,