Striatal spreading depolarization: Possible implication in levodopa‚Äêinduced dyskinetic‚Äêlike behavior
Authors: Stella M Papa
Francesco Napolitano
Alfredo Megaro
Miriam Sciaccaluga
Cinzia Costa
Alessandro Tozzi
Michela Tantucci
Valentina Durante
Ana Quiroga Varela
Goichi Beck
Veronica Ghiglieri
Paolo Calabresi
Antonio de Iure
Alessandro Usiello
Daniela Punzo
Andrea Mancini
Barbara Picconi
Petra Mazzocchetti
Antonella Cardinale
Journal: Movement Disorders (2019)
Discipline: NEUROSCIENCE & BEHAVIOR
Keywords: D1 like receptor; LIDs; Parkinson's disease; Spreading depolarization; Striatum.
Affiliations: Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy., Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy., Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy., Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy., Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Foundation SDN, Via Gianturco, Naples, Italy., Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy., Department of Philosophy, Human, Social and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Abstract:  Objective: Spreading depolarization (SD) is a transient self-propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization coupled with large membrane ionic changes and a subsequent depression of neuronal activity. Spreading depolarization in the cortex is implicated in migraine, stroke, and epilepsy. Conversely, spreading depolarization in the striatum, a brain structure deeply involved in motor control and in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology, has been poorly investigated. Methods: We characterized the participation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission in the induction of striatal spreading depolarization by using a novel approach combining optical imaging, measurements of endogenous DA levels, and pharmacological and molecular analyses. Results: We found that striatal spreading depolarization requires the concomitant activation of D1-like DA and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and it is reduced in experimental PD. Chronic l-dopa treatment, inducing dyskinesia in the parkinsonian condition, increases the occurrence and speed of propagation of striatal spreading depolarization, which has a direct impact on one of the signaling pathways downstream from the activation of D1 receptors. Conclusion: Striatal spreading depolarization might contribute to abnormal basal ganglia activity in the dyskinetic condition and represents a possible therapeutic target. ¬© 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. 

Retracted: No

PubPeer comments:
 The publication of this paper reporting unprecedentedly high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) radical in Antarctica attracted notable media coverage. There is an interesting article by Simon Hadlington in Chemistry World with a very catchy headline (***Antarctic atmosphere could give Gaia hypothesis a boost***)u2026. https: www.chemistryworld.com news antarctic-atmosphere-could-give-gaia-hypothesis-a-boost 3000351.article u2026.which is well supported by some quotes from the authors: *For many years people have looked for iodine in the atmosphere at the Arctic but found none,u2019 Plane said. u2019The fact that we found world record amounts in the Antarctic suggests that there is a very different biology going on. The most likely explanation is that particular orange-coloured algae are present in the Antarctic, clinging to the underside of sea-ice. These could be concentrating iodine from the sea and releasing it.u2019 Significantly, iodine oxide can agglomerate to form nanoparticles, These provide nuclei for ice particles, eventually giving rise to ice clouds, which are important in controlling climate by, for example, reflecting light from space. u2019If cloud formation is being controlled biologically, then this is a potential feedback system which fits in with the Gaia hypothesis,u2019 Plane said.* Given that the paper does not refer specifically to James Lovelocku00b4s Gaia Theory (just one related reference, Charlson et al., 1987), it would be clarifying if the authors could provide additional comments on this issue. Does this paper support the Gaia Hypothesis (i.e., Earth as a self-regulating homeostatic system) concerning the atmospheric chemistry of natural iodocarbons proposed to explain the high levels of iodine monoxide? Charlson, R., Lovelock, J., Andreae, M. et al. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326, 655u2013661 (1987). https: doi.org 10.1038 326655a0 About Gaia Hypothesis: https: courses.seas.harvard.edu climate eli Courses EPS281r Sources Gaia Gaia-hypothesis-wikipedia.pdf ,