MicroRNA-874 inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and reverses chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by targeting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
Authors: Zhongmin Liu
Jinfeng Han
Nanya Wang
Weiyun Pan
Journal: Oncology Reports (2016)
Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE
Keywords: MicroRNA-874; tumor suppressor; colorectal cancer; clinical significance; biological effects
Affiliations: Department of ICU, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin¬†130021, P.R.¬†China., Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin¬†130021, P.R.¬†China.

Abstract:  MicroRNA-874 (miR-874) is downregulated and acts as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancers, whereas the biological function of miR-874 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to investigate the clinical significance, biological effects, and the underlying mechanisms of miR-874 in CRC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect miR-874 expression in CRC cell lines and tissue samples. MTT and colony formation assays and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the effects of miR-874 expression on growth, apoptosis and the chemoresistance of CRC cells. Regulation of putative miR-874 targets was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were performed to detected the levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) mRNA and protein expression. It was found that expression of miR-874 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, and its expression was significantly negatively correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of the CRC patients. Functional assays revealed that restoration of miR-874 inhibited proliferation, reduced colony formation, enhanced apoptosis, as well as decreased the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance of the CRC cells. Through luciferase activity assay, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, XIAP was shown to be a direct target of miR-874. In addition, XIAP expression was significantly increased in the CRC tissues and cell lines, and was inversely correlated with miR-874 expression. Importantly, downregulation of XIAP in CRC cells had an effect similar to that of miR-874 overexpression. Taken together, these data showed that miR-874 inhibits growth, increases apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in CRC cells by targeting XIAP, suggesting that miR-874 may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of human CRC. 

Retracted: Yes

PubPeer comments:
 *[left]* Fig 5D.  Western blot analysis of the relative expression of XIAP in four CRC cell lines compared with the normal colonic cell line (NCM460). *[right]* Fig 6D from [Wen et al (2015)] .  Determination of LRP6 protein expression level of tumor tissue by western blotting. u03b2-actin was used as an internal control.  I have a concern. , 
 In an attempt to be systematic, I drew up a chart of loading controls.  They appear in ten papers (so far). I have listed them in order of PMID but I have no idea of the actual order of publication, or who could have borrowed from whom: Zhang et al (2015).  MicroRNA-133a functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting IGF-1R in hepatocellular carcinoma . **1** pubmed: 26156803 doi: 10.1007 s13277-015-3749-8 https: pubpeer.com publications 0E1553149DB9C07C79AE9AA98B423A Wen et al (2015).  miR-126 inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma growth by targeting LRP6 . **1, 2, 3** pubmed: 26239517 doi: 10.3892 or.2015.4165 https: pubpeer.com publications 6ABA315E06CFE3A6221A98EFABDD67 Wu et al (2015).  MicroRNA-128 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma by targeting IRS1 . **4** pubmed: 26352220 doi: 10.3892 or.2015.4251 https: pubpeer.com publications A879465BECECEBC98D393381F4F78F Ren et al (2016).  MicroRNA-92a promotes growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN . **1,2,4** pubmed: 26432332 doi: 10.1007 s13277-015-4150-3 https: pubpeer.com publications A33D1FC9CB601204841FD284BF215A Li et al (2016).  miR-29a suppresses growth and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting AKT3 . **1,4,5** pubmed: 26482618 doi: 10.1007 s13277-015-4165-9 https: pubpeer.com publications 7309F9AAD9BC0C7F8543AF230CC3CC Pang et al (2015).  miR-154 targeting ZEB2 in hepatocellular carcinoma functions as a potential tumor suppressor . **1,2,3,4** pubmed: 26503460 doi: 10.3892 or.2015.4321 https: pubpeer.com publications DF107B851B56324705EA0923E5A52C Dong et al (2016).  MiR-137 acts as a tumor suppressor in papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting CXCL12 . **1** pubmed: 26847706 doi: 10.3892 or.2016.4604 https: pubpeer.com publications B12851EE8DAD041AF42E8DD460F790 **Han et al (2016)**.  MicroRNA-874 inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and reverses chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by targeting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein . **3** pubmed: 27221209 doi: 10.3892 or.2016.4810 https: pubpeer.com publications 2B28DA2CC5F850AC09F4F095B7FE6A Liu et al (2016).  miR-449a inhibits proliferation and invasion by regulating ADAM10 in hepatocellular carcinoma . **1, 4** pubmed: 27398144 https: pubpeer.com publications D623C4D95CCB4F678FCF78CACF069E Liu et al (2016).  miR-124 inhibits proliferation and invasion of human retinoblastoma cells by targeting STAT3 . **2** pubmed: 27498908 doi: 10.3892 or.2016.4999 https: pubpeer.com publications 0422141E07B8697374077B49E6E926 ----------------------------------------------- In the present case we have Fig 5D.  , 
 *[left]* Fig 7B.  Tumor size and weight. *[right]* Fig 6B from [Lin et al (2017)] .  Graphs of the tumor tissues .  These appear to be the same 8 tumors, in two different arrangements. , 
 Retracted [7 February 2022] .  Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors attention by a concerned reader that certain of the western blotting data shown in Fig. 5D were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere prior to its submission to *Oncology Reports*, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. After having been in contact with the authors, they agreed with the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. ,