user: Explain Options in complete detail according to the official Blender documentation.

assistant: [[image reference removed]](../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_panel.png)

The Smooth Laplacian modifier.

Repeat
:   Repetitions allow you to run the smoothing operation multiple times.
    Each repetition causes the flow curvature of the mesh to be recalculated again,
    and as a result it removes more noise with every new iteration using a small *Factor* < 1.0.

    When on 0, no smoothing is done.

    With a factor of 0.5.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat0.jpg>   Repeat: 0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat1.jpg>   Repeat: 1. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat5.jpg>   Repeat: 5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat10.jpg>   Repeat: 10. |

    With a factor of 2.0.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-axis.png>   Repeat: 0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-repeat1.png>   Repeat: 1. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-repeat5.png>   Repeat: 5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-repeat10.png>   Repeat: 10. |

    With a factor of -0.5.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat0.jpg>   Repeat: 0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat1.jpg>   Repeat: 1. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat5.jpg>   Repeat: 5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat10.jpg>   Repeat: 10. |

Axis
:   Toggle buttons to enable/disable deforming vertices in the X, Y and/or Z axes directions.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-axis.png>   X, Y, Z: Unselected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-axis-xyz.jpg>   X, Y, Z: Selected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-axis-xy.jpg>   X, Z: Selected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-axis-x.png>   X: Selected. |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis.png>   X, Y, Z: Unselected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis-xyz.jpg>   X, Y, Z: Selected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis-xy.jpg>   X, Z: Selected. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis-x.png>   X: Selected. |

Lambda Factor
:   Controls the amount of displacement of every vertex along the flow curvature.

    - Using a small *Factor*, you can remove noise from the shape without affecting desirable geometry.
    - Using a large *Factor*, you get smoothed versions of the shape at the cost of fine geometry details.
    - Using a negative *Factor*, you can enhance the shape, preserving desirable geometry.
    - When the *Factor* is negative, multiple iterations can magnify the noise.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat0.jpg>   Factor: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_lambda0-5.jpg>   Factor: 0.5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_lambda.jpg>   Factor: 2.5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_lambda5-0.jpg>   Factor: 5.0. |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-lambda0-0.png>   Factor: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-lambda1-0.jpg>   Factor: 1.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-lambda10-0.jpg>   Factor: 10.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-lambda50-0.jpg>   Factor: 50.0. |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat0.jpg>   Factor: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-lambda20-0.jpg>   Factor: -20.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-lambda50-0.jpg>   Factor: -50.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-lambda300-0.jpg>   Factor: -300.0. |

Lambda Border
:   Since there is no way to calculate the curvature flow on border edges, they must be controlled separately.
    Border edges are smoothed using a much simpler method, using this property to control the influence.

    Positive values will smooth the vertex positions,
    while negative values will “enhance” them by transforming them in the opposite direction.

    With a factor of 2.5.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_border0-0.jpg>   Border: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_border1-0.jpg>   Border: 1.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_border.jpg>   Border: 2.5. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_border10-0.jpg>   Border: 10.0. |

    With a factor of 20.0.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-border0-0.jpg>   Border: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-border1-0.jpg>   Border: 1.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-border5-0.jpg>   Border: 5.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-border20-0.jpg>   Border: 20.0. |

    With a factor of -30.0.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cup-0-0.jpg>   Border: 0.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cup-20-0.jpg>   Border: -20.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cup-50-0.jpg>   Border: -50.0. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cup-200-0.jpg>   Border: -200.0. |

Preserve Volume
:   The smoothing process can produce shrinkage.
    That is significant for large *Factor* or large *Repeat* values.
    You can use that option to reduce that effect.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-volume-false.png>   Off. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-volume-true.jpg>   On. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-volume2-false.jpg>   Off. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_cube-volume2-true.jpg>   On. |

Normalized
:   When enabled, the results will depend on face sizes. When disabled, geometry spikes may occur.

    |  |  |  |  |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_monkey-normalized0.jpg>   Original Geometry. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_monkey-normalized1.jpg>   On. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_monkey-normalized2.jpg>   Off. | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_monkey-normalized3.jpg>   Off, High Factor. |

Vertex Group
:   A vertex group name, to constrain the effect to a group of vertices only.
    Allows for selective, real-time smoothing or enhancing, by painting vertex weights.

    | Original Geometry | No Group Chosen | Vertex Weights | Result |
    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_repeat0.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_lambda.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_femme-paint.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_femme-wgroup.jpg> |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis.png> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-axis-xyz.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-paint.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_t-wgroup.png> |
    | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-repeat0.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-vertex1.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-vertex2.jpg> | <../../../_images/modeling_modifiers_deform_laplacian-smooth_camel-vertex3.jpg> |

    Invert
    :   Inverts the influence of the selected vertex group, meaning that the group
        now represents vertices that will not be deformed by the modifier.

        The setting reverses the weight values of the group.