אוביחית

אוּבִּיחִית (באדיגית: Убыхбзэ) הייתה שפה ששויכה לקבוצת השפות הקווקזיות הצפון-מערביות ודוברה על ידי האוביחים, שחיו לאורך חופו המזרחי של הים השחור לפני שגורשו בגלות הצ'רקסים לטורקיה.

השפה נכחדה לאחר מותו של דוברה האחרון, טוופיק אסינץ, שהתגורר בטורקיה, ב-7 באוקטובר 1992.

הייתה זו השפה בעלת מספר העיצורים הגדול בעולם: 84 עיצורים פונמיים אך רק 2 תנועות פונמיות.

==הגיית השפה וכתיבתה==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+פונמות באוביחית
|
! colspan=2 | סדקי
! colspan=6 | ענבלי
! colspan=2 | וילוני
! colspan=2 | חכי
! colspan=2 | מכתשי{{ש}}־חכי
! colspan=2 | כפוף
! colspan=2 | בתר־{{ש}}מכתשי
! colspan=2 | מכתשי
! colspan=2 | שפתי(־שיני)
|-
! אפי
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|n||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|m<span style="color:red;">ˁ</span>||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|
|-
! rowspan=2 | סותם
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|qˁ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|q<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|qʲ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ɡ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|k<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ɡʲ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|kʲ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|d||style="border-right: 0;"|t<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|b||style="border-right: 0;"|p<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
|-
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"| ||style="border-right: 0;"|qˁʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"| ||style="border-right: 0;"|qʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɡʷ||style="border-right: 0;"|kʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|dʷ||style="border-right: 0;"|tʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|bˤ||style="border-right: 0;"|pˤ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
|-
! rowspan=2 | מחוכך
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ʥ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʨ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ɖʐ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʈʂ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ʤ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʧ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʣ||style="border-right: 0;"|ʦ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʥʷ||style="border-right: 0;"|ʨʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
! rowspan=2 | חוכך(צדי)
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|h
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʁˤ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|χˤ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʁ||style="border-right: 0;"|χ
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʁʲ||style="border-right: 0;"|χʲ
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɣ||style="border-right: 0;"|x
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʑ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|ɕ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʐ||style="border-right: 0;"|ʂ
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʒ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|ʃ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|z||style="border-right: 0;"|s
| style="border-left: 0;"|v<span style="color:red;">ˤ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|f
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"| ||style="border-right: 0;"|ɬ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
|-
! rowspan=2 | מקורב(צדי)
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|w<span style="color:red;">ˤ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|
| style="border-left: 0;"|j||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|l||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
! רוטט
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|r||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=23 align=right | <span style="color:red;">*</span> תוספת פונמה בהתאמה לסטנדרט
|}

לשפה האוביחית לא הייתה מעולם גרסה בכתב.
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" style="float: right;"
|+האלפבית האוביחי המוצע בקירילית
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ә ә
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Бъ бъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Въ въ
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гу гу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гь гь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ѓ ѓ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ғ ғ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ғу ғу
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ғъ ғъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ғъу ғъу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ғь ғь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҕ ҕ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ду ду
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Џ џ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҽ ҽ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҼӀ ҽӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Жу жу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӝ ӝ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӟ ӟ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӟу ӟу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ј ј
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ку ку
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Кь кь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀ кӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀу кӀу
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀь кӀь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Қ қ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Қу қу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Қъ қъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Қъу қъу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Қь қь
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҚӀ қӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҚӀу қӀу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҚӀъ қӀъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҚӀъу қӀъу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҚӀь қӀь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӆ ӆ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ӅӀ ӆӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Мъ мъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҩ ҩ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ө ө
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҫ ҫ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҫу ҫу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ту ту
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ТӀ тӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ТӀу тӀу
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Уъ уъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ү ү
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Һ һ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҳ ҳ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҳу ҳу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҳъ ҳъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҳъу ҳъу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҳь ҳь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЦӀ цӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҵ ҵ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЧӀ чӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҹ ҹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҹу ҹу
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҸӀ ҹӀ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ҸӀу ҹӀу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Шу шу
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ъ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ь
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӏ Ӏ
| colspan=3 |
|}
|
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center;"
|+האלפבית האוביחי המוצע בלטינית
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ә ә
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Bƹ bƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ç ç
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Ç' ç
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Č č
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Čw čw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Č' č
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Čw' čw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ċ ċ
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Ċ' ċ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Dw dw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ḑ ḑ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ḋ ḋ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ď ď
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Gw gw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Gy gy
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ğ ğ
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ġ ġ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ḣ ḣ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I ı
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | İ i
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Jw jw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Kw kw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ky ky
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'K' k
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Kw' kw
|-
| 'style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ky' ky
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ł ł
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Ł' ł
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Mƹ mƹ
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ö ö
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Pƹ pƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'P' p
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Pƹ' pƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Qy' qy
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Qƹ' qƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Qƹw' qƹw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ř ř
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Řw řw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Řy řy
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Řƹ řƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Q q
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Qw qw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Qy qy
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Qƹ qƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Qƹw qƹw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Q' q
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Qw' qw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Řƹw řƹw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ş ş
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Şw şw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Š š
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Šw šw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ṡ ṡ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'T' t
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Tw' tw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ţ ţ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 'Ţ' ţ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ü ü
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Vƹ vƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | W w
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Wƹ wƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Xw xw
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Xy xy
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Xƹ xƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Xƹw xƹw
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ž ž
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Žƹ žƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ƹ
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '
| colspan=3 |
|}
|}

==קישורים חיצוניים==

קטגוריה:ערכים שבהם תבנית בריטניקה אינה מתאימה
קטגוריה:שפות קווקזיות צפון-מערביות