אבזית

אַבָּזִית (Абаза Бызшва, Abaza Byzšwa; אדיגית: Абазэбзэ), או אַבָּזָה, היא שפה המדוברת על ידי האבזים בקאראצ'אי-צ'רקסיה. היא שייכת למשפחת השפות הקווקזיות ותחת הגדרה זו למשפחת השפות הקווקזיות הצפון-מערביות. השפה משתייכת לאותו "ענף" משפחתי כמו האבחזית, והן יוצרות את הענף אבחזית-אבזית.

==הגיית השפה וכתיבתה==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+פונמות באבזית
|
! colspan=2 | סדקי
! colspan=2 | לועי
! colspan=4 | ענבלי
! colspan=2 | וילוני
! colspan=2 | חכי
! colspan=2 | מכתשי{{ש}}־חכי
! colspan=2 | בתר־{{ש}}מכתשי
! colspan=2 | מכתשי 
! colspan=2 | שפתי־(שיני)
|-
! אפי
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|n||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|m||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|
|-
! rowspan=2 | סותם
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʔ
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|q<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"| ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|qʲ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ɡ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|k<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ɡʲ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|kʲ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|d||style="border-right: 0;"|t<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|b||style="border-right: 0;"|p<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"| ||style="border-right: 0;"|qʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɡʷ||style="border-right: 0;"|kʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
! rowspan=2 | מחוכך
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ʥ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʨ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ʤ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʧ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| width=18px style="border-left: 0;"|ʣ||width=18px style="border-right: 0;"|ʦ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʤʷ||style="border-right: 0;"|ʧʷ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
! rowspan=2 | חוכך(צדי)
| colspan=2 |
| width="18px" style="border-left: 0;"|ʕ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||width="18px" style="border-right: 0;"|ħ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɣ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|x<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɣʲ||style="border-right: 0;"|xʲ
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʑ||style="border-right: 0;"|ɕ
| style="border-left: 0;"|ʒ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>||style="border-right: 0;"|ʃ<span style="color:red;">ʷ</span>
| width="15px" style="border-left: 0;"|z||width="15px" style="border-right: 0;"|s
| style="border-left: 0;"|v||style="border-right: 0;"|f<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|ɮ||style="border-right: 0;"|ɬ<span style="color:red;">ʼ</span>
| colspan=2 |
|-
! rowspan=2 | מקורב(צדי)
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|w||style="border-right: 0;"|
| style="border-left: 0;"|j||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|l||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
! רוטט
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-left: 0;"|r||style="border-right: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=21 align=right | <span style="color:red;">*</span> תוספת פונמה בהתאמה לסטנדרט
|}

{| class="wikitable IPA"
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а [a] 
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б [b]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в [v]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г [ɡ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гв гв [ɡʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гъ гъ [ɣ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гъв гъв [ɣʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гъь гъь [ɣʲ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гь гь [ɡʲ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ГӀ гӀ [ʕ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ГӀв гӀв [ʕʷ]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д [d]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Дж дж [ʤ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Джв джв [ʤʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Джь джь [ʥ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Дз дз [ʣ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е [e]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё [jo]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж [ʒ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Жв жв [ʒʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Жь жь [ʑ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и [i]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й [j]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к [k]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Кв кв [kʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Къ къ [qʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Къв къв [qʷʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Къь къь [qʼʲ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Кь кь [kʲ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀ кӀ [kʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀв кӀв [kʷʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КӀь кӀь [kʲʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л [l]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ль ль [ɮ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЛӀ лӀ [ɬʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м [m]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н [n]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о [o]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п [p]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ПӀ пӀ [pʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р [r]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с [s]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т [t]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Тл тл [ɬ]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Тш тш [ʧ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ТӀ тӀ [tʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у [u/w]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф [f]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ФӀ фӀ [fʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х [x]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хв хв [xʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хъ хъ [q]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хъв хъв [qʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хь хь [xʲ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ХӀ хӀ [ħ]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ХӀв хӀв [ħʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц [ʦ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЦӀ цӀ [ʦʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч [ʨ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Чв чв [ʧʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЧӀ чӀ [ʧʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЧӀв чӀв [ʧʷʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш [ʃ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Шв шв [ʃʷ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ШӀ шӀ [ʧʼ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ [ɕ]
|-
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ [ˠ]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э [e]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю [ju]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я [ja]
| style="width:5em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӏ [ʔ]
|}

==קישורים חיצוניים== 

* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/abaza.htm אבזית] באתר אתנולוג
* 

קטגוריה:שפות קווקזיות צפון-מערביות