"
 People who hate this article seem to really love the ""just delete it and start over"" argument. Scientists test null hypotheses like ""there is no difference between X and Y"" all the time. And when there is a statistically significant deviation from the null hypothesis, scientists are so bold as to say ""X is different from Y"". So, yes, social scientists can be so bold as to say that there are differences in treatment between blacks and whites, where all other things are equal. There's nothing wrong with stating those scientific conclusions in an encyclopedic article, especially when it's backed by multiple reliable sources. If people have a problem with those conclusions, they can cite criticisms of the studies, or cite other studies that refute those conclusions.   "