Question: How was it determined that the population of Cadiz was 128,554?
Paraphrase: How did you know what the population of Cadiz was?
SPARQL (Wikidata): SELECT ?value WHERE { wd:Q15682 p:P1082 ?s . ?s ps:P1082 ?x filter(contains(?x , '128554.0')) . ?s pq:P459 ?value}