Question: Which was the person as doctoral student of Galileo Galilei?
Paraphrase: Which was the individual as doctoral understudy of Galileo Galilei?
SPARQL (Wikidata):  select distinct ?obj where { wd:Q307 wdt:P185 ?obj . ?obj wdt:P31 wd:Q5 } 
Answer: Vincenzo Viviani, Giuseppe Biancani, Benedetto Castelli, Mario Guiducci