OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Neural Query Rewriting
Authors: Shahla Farzana, Qunzhi Zhou, Petar Ristoski
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

The main task of an e-commerce search engine is to semantically match the user query to the product inventory and retrieve the most relevant items that match the user’s intent. This task is not trivial as often there can be a mismatch between the user’s intent and the product inventory for various reasons, the most prevalent being: (i) the buyers and sellers use different vocabularies, which leads to a mismatch; (ii) the inventory doesn’t contain products that match the user’s intent. To build a successful e-commerce platform it is of paramount importance to be able to address both of these challenges. To do so, query rewriting approaches are used, which try to bridge the semantic gap between the user’s intent and the available product inventory. Such approaches use a combination of query token dropping, replacement and expansion. In this work we introduce a novel Knowledge Graph-enhanced neural query rewriting in the e-commerce domain. We use a relationship-rich product Knowledge Graph to infuse auxiliary knowledge in a transformer-based query rewriting deep neural network. Experiments on two tasks, query pruning and complete query rewriting, show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms a baseline BERT-based query rewriting solution.
Extending Actor Models in Data Spaces
Authors: Hendrik Meyer zum Felde, Maarten Kollenstart, Thomas Bellebaum, Simon Dalmolen, Gerd Brost
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

In today’s internet almost any party can share sets of data with each other. However, creating frameworks and regulated realms for the sharing of data is very complex when multiple parties are involved and complicated regulation comes into play. As solution data spaces were introduced to enable participating parties to share data among themselves in an organized, regulated and standardized way. However, contract data processors, acting as data space participants, are currently unable to execute data requests on behalf of their contract partners. Here we show that an on-behalf-of actor model can be easily added to existing data spaces. We demonstrate how this extension can be realized using verifiable credentials. We provide a sample use case, a detailed sequence diagram and discuss necessary architectural adaptations and additions to established protocols. Using the extensions explained in this work numerous real life use cases which previously could technically not be realized can now be covered. This enables future data spaces to provide more dynamic and complex real world use cases.
GROUP: An End-to-end Multi-step-ahead Workload Prediction Approach Focusing on Workload Group Behavior
Authors: Binbin Feng, Zhijun Ding
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Accurately forecasting workloads can enable web service providers to achieve proactive runtime management for applications and ensure service quality and cost efficiency. For cloud-native applications, multiple containers collaborate to handle user requests, making each container’s workload changes influenced by workload group behavior. However, existing approaches mainly analyze the individual changes of each container and do not explicitly model the workload group evolution of containers, resulting in sub-optimal results. Therefore, we propose a workload prediction method, GROUP, which implements the shifts of workload prediction focus from individual to group, workload group behavior representation from data similarity to data correlation, and workload group behavior evolution from implicit modeling to explicit modeling. First, we model the workload group behavior and its evolution from multiple perspectives. Second, we propose a container correlation calculation algorithm that considers static and dynamic container information to represent the workload group behavior. Third, we propose an end-to-end multi-step-ahead prediction method that explicitly portrays the complex relationship between the evolution of workload group behavior and the workload changes of each container. Lastly, enough experiments on public datasets show the advantages of GROUP, which provides an effective solution to achieve workload prediction for cloud-native applications.
Tutorials at The Web Conference 2023
Authors: Valeria Fionda, Olaf Hartig, Reyhaneh Abdolazimi, Sihem Amer-Yahia, Hongzhi Chen, Xiao Chen, Peng Cui, Jeffrey Dalton, Xin Luna Dong, Lisette Espín-Noboa, Wenqi Fan, Manuela Fritz, Quan Gan, Jingtong Gao, Xiaojie Guo, Torsten Hahmann, Jiawei Han, Soyeon Caren Han, Estevam Hruschka, Liang Hu, Jiaxin Huang, Utkarshani Jaimini, Olivier Jeunen, Yushan Jiang, Fariba Karimi, George Karypis, Krishnaram Kenthapadi, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Hady W. Lauw, Thai Le, Trung-Hoang Le, Dongwon Lee, Geon Lee, Liat Levontin, Cheng-Te Li, Haoyang Li, Ying Li, Jay Chiehen Liao, Qidong Liu, Usha Lokala, Ben London, Siqu Long, Hande Küçük-McGinty, Yu Meng, Seungwhan Moon, Usman Naseem, Pradeep Natarajan, Behrooz Omidvar-Tehrani, Zijie Pan, Devesh Parekh, Jian Pei, Tiago Peixoto, Steven Pemberton, Josiah Poon, Filip Radlinski, Federico Rossetto, Kaushik Roy, Aghiles Salah, Mehrnoosh Sameki, Amit P. Sheth, Cogan Shimizu, Kijung Shin, Dongjin Song, Julia Stoyanovich, Dacheng Tao, Johanne R. Trippas, Quoc Truong, Yu-Che Tsai, Adaku Uchendu, Bram van den Akker, Lin Wang, Minjie Wang, Shoujin Wang, Xin Wang, Ingmar Weber, Henry Weld, Lingfei Wu, Da Xu, Yifan Ethan Xu, Shuyuan Xu, Bo Yang, Ke Yang, Elad Yom-Tov, Jaemin Yoo, Zhou Yu, Reza Zafarani, Hamed Zamani, Meike Zehlike, Qi Zhang, Xikun Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Liang Zhao, Xiangyu Zhao, Wenwu Zhu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

This paper summarizes the content of the 28 tutorials that have been given at The Web Conference 2023.
Towards Building a Mobile App for People on the Spectrum
Authors: Victoria Firsanova
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

The inclusion of autistic people can be augmented by a mobile app that provides information without a human mediator making information perception more liberating for people in the spectrum. This paper is an overview of a doctoral work dedicated to the development of a web-based mobile tool for supporting the inclusion of people on the autism spectrum. The work includes UX/UI research conducted with psychiatry experts, web information retrieval study and neural question-answering research. Currently, the study results comprise several mobile app layouts, a retriever-reader model design and fine-tuned neural network for extractive question-answering. Source code and other resources are available at https://github.com/vifirsanova/empi.
Analyzing the Communication Clusters in Datacenters✱
Authors: Klaus-Tycho Foerster, Thibault Marette, Stefan Neumann, Claudia Plant, Ylli Sadikaj, Stefan Schmid, Yllka Velaj
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Datacenter networks have become a critical infrastructure of our digital society and over the last years, great efforts have been made to better understand the communication patterns inside datacenters. In particular, existing empirical studies showed that datacenter traffic typically features much temporal and spatial structure, and that at any given time, some communication pairs interact much more frequently than others. This paper generalizes this study to communication groups and analyzes how clustered the datacenter traffic is, and how stable these clusters are over time. To this end, we propose a methodology which revolves around a biclustering approach, allowing us to identify groups of racks and servers which communicate frequently over the network. In particular, we consider communication patterns occurring in three different Facebook datacenters: a Web cluster consisting of web servers serving web traffic, a Database cluster which mainly consists of MySQL servers, and a Hadoop cluster. Interestingly, we find that in all three clusters, small groups of racks and servers can produce a large fraction of the network traffic, and we can determine these groups even when considering short snapshots of network traffic. We also show empirically that these clusters are fairly stable across time. Our insights on the size and stability of communication clusters hence uncover an interesting potential for resource optimizations in datacenter infrastructures.
Understanding the Impact of Label Skewness and Optimization on Federated Learning for Text Classification
Authors: Sumam Francis, Kanimozhi Uma, Marie-Francine Moens
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Federated Learning (FL), also known as collaborative learning, is a distributed machine learning approach that collaboratively learns a shared prediction model without explicitly sharing private data. When dealing with sensitive data, privacy measures need to be carefully considered. Optimizers have a massive role in accelerating the learning process given the high dimensionality and non-convexity of the search space. The data partitioning in FL can be assumed to be either IID (independent and identically distributed) or non-IID. In this paper, we experiment with the impact of applying different adaptive optimization methods for FL frameworks in both IID and non-IID setups. We analyze the effects of label and quantity skewness, learning rate, and local client training on the learning process of optimizers as well as the overall performance of the global model. We evaluate the FL hyperparameter settings on biomedical text classification tasks on two datasets ADE V2 (Adverse Drug Effect: 2 classes) and Clinical-Trials (Reasons to stop trials: 17 classes).
Visualizing How-Provenance Explanations for SPARQL Queries
Authors: Luis Galárraga, Daniel Hernández, Anas Katim, Katja Hose
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are vast collections of machine-readable information, usually modeled in RDF and queried with SPARQL. KGs have opened the door to a plethora of applications such as Web search or smart assistants that query and process the knowledge contained in those KGs. An important, but often disregarded, aspect of querying KGs is query provenance: explanations of the data sources and transformations that made a query result possible. In this article we demonstrate, through a Web application, the capabilities of SPARQLprov, an engine-agnostic method that annotates query results with how-provenance annotations. To this end, SPARQLprov resorts to query rewriting techniques, which make it applicable to already deployed SPARQL endpoints. We describe the principles behind SPARQLprov and discuss perspectives on visualizing how-provenance explanations for SPARQL queries.
Web 3.0: The Future of Internet
Authors: Wensheng Gan, Zhenqiang Ye, Shicheng Wan, Philip S. Yu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

With the rapid growth of the Internet, human daily life has become deeply bound to the Internet. To take advantage of massive amounts of data and information on the internet, the Web architecture is continuously being reinvented and upgraded. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0 to the dynamic interactive features of Web 2.0, scholars and engineers have worked hard to make the internet world more open, inclusive, and equal. Indeed, the next generation of Web evolution (i.e., Web 3.0) is already coming and shaping our lives. Web 3.0 is a decentralized Web architecture that is more intelligent and safer than before. The risks and ruin posed by monopolists or criminals will be greatly reduced by a complete reconstruction of the Internet and IT infrastructure. In a word, Web 3.0 is capable of addressing web data ownership according to distributed technology. It will optimize the internet world from the perspectives of economy, culture, and technology. Then it promotes novel content production methods, organizational structures, and economic forms. However, Web 3.0 is not mature and is now being disputed. Herein, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of Web 3.0, with a focus on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces a brief overview of the history of World Wide Web as well as several differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web3. Then, some technical implementations of Web 3.0 are illustrated in detail. We discuss the revolution and benefits that Web 3.0 brings. Finally, we explore several challenges and issues in this promising area.
Pairwise-interactions-based Bayesian Inference of Network Structure from Information Cascades
Authors: Chao Gao, Yuchen Wang, Zhen Wang, Xianghua Li, Xuelong Li
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

An explicit network structure plays an important role when analyzing and understanding diffusion processes. In many scenarios, however, the interactions between nodes in an underlying network are unavailable. Although many methods for inferring a network structure from observed cascades have been proposed, they did not perceive the relationship between pairwise interactions in a cascade. Therefore, this paper proposes a Pairwise-interactions-based Bayesian Inference method (named PBI) to infer the underlying diffusion network structure. More specifically, to get more accurate inference results, we measure the weights of each candidate pairwise interaction in different cascades and add them to the likelihood of a contagion process. In addition, a pre-pruning work is introduced for candidate edges to further improve the inference efficiency. Experiments on synthetic and real-world networks show that PBI achieves significantly better results.
Do bridges dream of water pollutants? Towards DreamsKG, a knowledge graph to make digital access for sustainable environmental assessment come true
Authors: Darío Garigliotti, Johannes Bjerva, Finn Årup Nielsen, Annika Butzbach, Ivar Lyhne, Lone Kørnøv, Katja Hose
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

An environmental assessment (EA) report describes and assesses the environmental impact of a series of activities involved in the development of a project. As such, EA is a key tool for sustainability. Improving information access to EA reporting is a billion-euro untapped business opportunity to build an engaging, efficient digital experience for EA. We aim to become a landmark initiative in making this experience come true, by transforming the traditional manual assessment of numerous heterogeneous reports by experts into a computer-assisted approach. Specifically, a knowledge graph that represents and stores facts about EA practice allows for what it is so far only accessible manually to become machine-readable, and by this, to enable downstream information access services. This paper describes the ongoing process of building DreamsKG, a knowledge graph that stores relevant data- and expert-driven EA reporting and practicing in Denmark. Representation of cause-effect relations in EA and integration of Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) are among its prominent features.
Retrieving false claims on Twitter during the Russia-Ukraine conflict
Authors: Valerio La Gatta, Chiyu Wei, Luca Luceri, Francesco Pierri, Emilio Ferrara
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Nowadays, false and unverified information on social media sway individuals’ perceptions during major geo-political events and threaten the quality of the whole digital information ecosystem. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, several fact-checking organizations have been actively involved in verifying stories related to the conflict that circulated online. In this paper, we leverage a public repository of fact-checked claims to build a methodological framework for automatically identifying false and unsubstantiated claims spreading on Twitter in February 2022. Our framework consists of two sequential models: First, the claim detection model identifies whether tweets incorporate a (false) claim among those considered in our collection. Then, the claim retrieval model matches the tweets with fact-checked information by ranking verified claims according to their relevance with the input tweet. Both models are based on pre-trained language models and fine-tuned to perform a text classification task and an information retrieval task, respectively. In particular, to validate the effectiveness of our methodology, we consider 83 verified false claims that spread on Twitter during the first week of the invasion, and manually annotate 5,872 tweets according to the claim(s) they report. Our experiments show that our proposed methodology outperforms standard baselines for both claim detection and claim retrieval. Overall, our results highlight how social media providers could effectively leverage semi-automated approaches to identify, track, and eventually moderate false information that spreads on their platforms.
Leveraging Existing Literature on the Web and Deep Neural Models to Build a Knowledge Graph Focused on Water Quality and Health Risks
Authors: Nikita Gautam, David Shumway, Megan Kowalcyk, Sarthak Khanal, Doina Caragea, Cornelia Caragea, Hande McGinty, Samuel Dorevitch
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

A knowledge graph focusing on water quality in relation to health risks posed by water activities (such as diving or swimming) is not currently available. To address this limitation, we first use existing resources to construct a knowledge graph relevant to water quality and health risks using KNowledge Acquisition and Representation Methodology (KNARM). Subsequently, we explore knowledge graph completion approaches for maintaining and updating the graph. Specifically, we manually identify a set of domain-specific UMLS concepts and use them to extract a graph of approximately 75,000 semantic triples from the Semantic MEDLINE database (which contains head-relation-tail triples extracted from PubMed). Using the resulting knowledge graph, we experiment with the KG-BERT approach for graph completion by employing pre-trained BERT/RoBERTa models and also models fine-tuned on a collection of water quality and health risks abstracts retrieved from the Web of Science. Experimental results show that KG-BERT with BERT/RoBERTa models fine-tuned on a domain-specific corpus improves the performance of KG-BERT with pre-trained models. Furthermore, KG-BERT gives better results than several translational distance or semantic matching baseline models.
Learning Robust Multi-Modal Representation for Multi-Label Emotion Recognition via Adversarial Masking and Perturbation
Authors: Shiping Ge, Zhiwei Jiang, Zifeng Cheng, Cong Wang, Yafeng Yin, Qing Gu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Recognizing emotions from multi-modal data is an emotion recognition task that requires strong multi-modal representation ability. The general approach to this task is to naturally train the representation model on training data without intervention. However, such natural training scheme is prone to modality bias of representation (i.e., tending to over-encode some informative modalities while neglecting other modalities) and data bias of training (i.e., tending to overfit training data). These biases may lead to instability (e.g., performing poorly when the neglected modality is dominant for recognition) and weak generalization (e.g., performing poorly when unseen data is inconsistent with overfitted data) of the model on unseen data. To address these problems, this paper presents two adversarial training strategies to learn more robust multi-modal representation for multi-label emotion recognition. Firstly, we propose an adversarial temporal masking strategy, which can enhance the encoding of other modalities by masking the most emotion-related temporal units (e.g., words for text or frames for video) of the informative modality. Secondly, we propose an adversarial parameter perturbation strategy, which can enhance the generalization of the model by adding the adversarial perturbation to the parameters of model. Both strategies boost model performance on the benchmark MMER datasets CMU-MOSEI and NEMu. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the previous state-of-the-art method. Code will be released at https://github.com/ShipingGe/MMER.
TAPP: Defining standard provenance information for clinical research data and workflows - Obstacles and opportunities
Authors: Kerstin Gierend, Judith A. H. Wodke, Sascha Genehr, Robert Gött, Ron Henkel, Frank Krüger, Markus Mandalka, Lea Michaelis, Alexander Scheuerlein, Max Schröder, Atinkut Zeleke, Dagmar Waltemath
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Data provenance has raised much attention across disciplines lately, as it has been shown that enrichment of data with provenance information leads to better credibility, renders data more FAIR fostering data reuse. Also, the biomedical domain has recognised the potential of provenance capture. However, several obstacles prevent efficient, automated, and machine-interpretable enrichment of biomedical data with provenance information, such as data heterogeneity, complexity, and sensitivity. Here, we explain how in Germany clinical data are transferred from hospital information systems into a data integration centre to enable secondary use of patient data and how it can be reused as research data. Considering the complex data infrastructures in hospitals, we indicate obstacles and opportunities when collecting provenance information along heterogeneous data processing pipelines. To express provenance data, we indicate the usage of the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) provenance resource for healthcare data. In addition, we consider already existing approaches from other research fields and standard communities. As a solution towards high-quality standardised clinical research data, we propose to develop a ’MInimal Requirements for Automated Provenance Information Enrichment’ (MIRAPIE) guideline. As a community project, MIRAPIE should generalise provenance information concepts to allow its world-wide applicability, possibly beyond the health care sector.
Identifying Checkworthy CURE Claims on Twitter
Authors: Sujatha Das Gollapalli, Mingzhe Du, See-Kiong Ng
Venue: WWW
Year: 2023

Medical claims on social media, if left unchecked, have the potential to directly affect the well-being of consumers of online health information. However, existing studies on claim detection do not specifically focus on medical cure aspects, neither do they address if a cure claim is “checkworthy", an indicator of whether a claim is potentially beneficial or harmful, if unchecked. In this paper, we address these limitations by compiling CW-CURE, a novel dataset of CURE tweets, namely tweets containing claims on prevention, diagnoses, risks, treatments, and cures of medical conditions. CW-CURE contains tweets on four major health conditions, namely, Alzheimer’s disease, Cancer, Diabetes, and Depression annotated for claims, their “checkworthiness", as well as the different types of claims such as quantitative claim, correlation/causation, personal experience, and future prediction. We describe our processing pipeline for compiling CW-CURE and present classification results on CURE tweets using transformer-based models. In particular, we harness claim-type information obtained with zero-shot learning to show significant improvements in checkworthiness identification. Through CW-CURE, we hope to enable research on models for effective identification and flagging of impactful CURE content, to safeguard the public’s consumption of medical content online.