OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
User-centric Web crawling
Authors: Sandeep Pandey, Christopher Olston
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Search engines are the primary gateways of information access on the Web today. Behind the scenes, search engines crawl the Web to populate a local indexed repository of Web pages, used to answer user search queries. In an aggregate sense, the Web is very dynamic, causing any repository of Web pages to become out of date over time, which in turn causes query answer quality to degrade. Given the considerable size, dynamicity, and degree of autonomy of the Web as a whole, it is not feasible for a search engine to maintain its repository exactly synchronized with the Web. In this paper we study how to schedule Web pages for selective (re)downloading into a search engine repository. The scheduling objective is to maximize the quality of the user experience for those who query the search engine. We begin with a quantitative characterization of the way in which the discrepancy between the content of the repository and the current content of the live Web impacts the quality of the user experience. This characterization leads to a usercentric metric of the quality of a search engine’s local repository. We use this metric to derive a policy for scheduling Web page (re)downloading that is driven by search engine usage and free of exterior tuning parameters. We then focus on the important subproblem of scheduling refreshing of Web pages already present in the repository, and show how to compute the priorities efficiently. We provide extensive empirical comparisons of our user-centric method against prior Web page refresh strategies, using real Web data. Our results demonstrate that our method requires far fewer resources to maintain same search engine quality level for users, leaving substantially more resources available for incorporating new Web pages into the search repository.
Internet search engines: past and future
Authors: Jan O. Pedersen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

I will review the short history of Internet Search Engines from early first generation systems to the current crop of stock market darlings. Many of the underlying technology problems remain the same, but the business has become significantly more sophisticated and high-powered. I will touch on some of the economics driving the remarkable success of these services and make some predictions about future trends.
Modeling the author bias between two on-line computer science citation databases
Authors: Vaclav Petricek, Ingemar J. Cox, Hui Han, Isaac G. Councill, C. Lee Giles
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

We examine the difference and similarities between two on-line computer science citation databases DBLP and CiteSeer. The database entries in DBLP are inserted manually while the CiteSeer entries are obtained autonomously. We show that the CiteSeer database contains considerably fewer single author papers. This bias can be modeled by an exponential process with intuitive explanation. The model permits us to predict that the DBLP database covers approximately 30% of the entire literature of Computer Science.
G-ToPSS: fast filtering of graph-based metadata
Authors: Milenko Petrovic, Haifeng Liu, Hans-Arno Jacobsen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

RDF is increasingly being used to represent metadata. RDF Site Summary (RSS) is an application of RDF on the Web that has considerably grown in popularity. However, the way RSS systems operate today does not scale well. In this paper we introduce G-ToPSS, a scalable publish/subscribe system for selective information dissemination. G-ToPSS is particularly well suited for applications that deal with large-volume content distribution from diverse sources. RSS is an instance of the content distribution problem. G-ToPSS allows use of ontology as a way to provide additional information about the data. Furthermore, in this paper we show how G-ToPSS can support RDFS class taxonomies. We have implemented and experimentally evaluated G-ToPSS and we provide results in the paper demonstrating its scalability compared to alternatives.
Automated synthesis of executable web service compositions from BPEL4WS processes
Authors: Marco Pistore, Paolo Traverso, Piergiorgio Bertoli, Annapaola Marconi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

We propose a technique for the automated synthesis of new com-posite web services. Given a set of abstract BPEL4WS descriptions of component services, and a composition requirement, we auto-matically generate a concrete BPEL4WS process that, when exe-cuted, interacts with the components and satisfies the requirement. We implement the proposed approach exploiting efficient repre-sentation techniques, and we show its scalability over case stud-ies taken from a real world application and over a parameterized domain.
Accessibility: a Web engineering approach
Authors: Peter Plessers, Sven Casteleyn, Yeliz Yesilada, Olga De Troyer, Robert Stevens, Simon Harper, Carole A. Goble
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Currently, the vast majority of web sites do not support accessibility for visually impaired users. Usually, these users have to rely on screen readers: applications that sequentially read the content of a web page in audio. Unfortunately, screen readers are not able to detect the meaning of the different page objects, and thus the implicit semantic knowledge conveyed in the presentation of the page is lost. One approach described in literature to tackle this problem, is the Dante approach, which allows semantic annotation of web pages to provide screen readers with extra (semantic) knowledge to better facilitate the audio presentation of a web page. Until now, such annotations were done manually, and failed for dynamic pages. In this paper, we combine the Dante approach with a web design method, WSDM, to fully automate the generation of the semantic annotation for visually impaired users. To do so, the semantic knowledge gathered during the design process is exploited, and the annotations are generated as a by-product of the design process, requiring no extra effort from the designer.
WebPod: persistent Web browsing sessions with pocketable storage devices
Authors: Shaya Potter, Jason Nieh
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

We present WebPod, a portable system that enables mobile users to use the same persistent, personalized web browsing session on any Internet-enabled device. No matter what computer is being used, WebPod provides a consistent browsing session, maintaining all of a user's plugins, bookmarks, browser web content, open browser windows, and browser configuration options and preferences. This is achieved by leveraging rapid improvements in capacity, cost, and size of portable storage devices. WebPod provides a virtualization and checkpoint/restart mechanism that decouples the browsing environment from the host, enabling web browsing sessions to be suspended to portable storage, carried around, and resumed from the storage device on another computer. WebPod virtualization also isolates web browsing sessions from the host, protecting the browsing privacy of the user and preventing malicious web content from damaging the host. We have implemented a Linux WebPod prototype and demonstrate its ability to quickly suspend and resume web browsing sessions, enabling a seamless web browsing experience for mobile users as they move among computers.
Automatically learning document taxonomies for hierarchical classification
Authors: Kunal Punera, Suju Rajan, Joydeep Ghosh
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

While several hierarc hic al c assific ation methods have been applied to web c ntent, suc htec hniques invariably rely on a pre-defined taxonomy of doc uments. We propose a new tec hnique that extrac ts a suitable hierarc hic al struc ture automatic ally from ac orpus of labeled doc uments. We show that our tec hnique groups similarc lasses c oser together in the tree and disc overs relationships among doc uments that are not en c ded in the c ass labels. The learned taxonomy is then used along with binary SVMs for multi-c lassc lassific ation. We demonstrate the e#c ac of our approac h by testing it on the 20-Newsgroup dataset.
Constructing extensible XQuery mappings
Authors: Gang Qian, Yisheng Dong
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Constructing and maintaining semantic mappings are necessary but troublesome in data sharing systems. While most current work focuses on seeking automated techniques to solve this problem, this paper proposes a combination model for constructing exten-sible mappings between XML schemas. In our model, complex global mappings are constructed by first defining simple atomic mappings for each target schema element, and then combining them using a few basic operators. At the same time, we provide automated support for constructing such combined mappings.
Do we need more web performance research?
Authors: Michael Rabinovich, Giovanni Pacifici, Michele Colajanni, Krithi Ramamritham, Bruce M. Maggs
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This panel will discuss the future and purpose of Web performance research, concentrating on the reasons for modest success in the adoption of research results in practice. The panel will in particular examine factors that hinder technology transfer in the Web performance area, consider examples of past successes and failures in this arena, and stimulate the discussion on how to make Web performance research more relevant.
WEESA: Web engineering for semantic Web applications
Authors: Gerald Reif, Harald C. Gall, Mehdi Jazayeri
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the existence of Web pages that provide machine-understandable meta-data. This meta-data is typically added in the semantic annotation process which is currently not part of the Web engineering process. Web engineering, however, proposes methodologies to design, implement and maintain Web applications but lack the generation of meta-data. In this paper we introduce a technique to extend existing Web engineering methodologies to develop semantically annotated Web pages. The novelty of this approach is the definition of a mapping from XML Schema to ontologies, called WEESA, that can be used to automatically generate RDF meta-data from XML content documents. We further show how we integrated the WEESA mapping into an Apache Cocoon transformer to easily extend XML based Web applications to semantically annotated Web application.
Exploiting the deep web with DynaBot: matching, probing, and ranking
Authors: Daniel Rocco, James Caverlee, Ling Liu, Terence Critchlow
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

We present the design of Dynabot, a guided Deep Web discovery system. Dynabot's modular architecture supports focused crawling of the Deep Web with an emphasis on matching, probing, and ranking discovered sources using two key components: service class descriptions and source-biased analysis. We describe the overall architecture of Dynabot and discuss how these components support effective exploitation of the massive Deep Web data available.
On culture in a world-wide information society: toward the knowledge society - the challenge
Authors: Alfredo M. Ronchi, Lynn Thiesmeyer, Antonella Quacchia, Georges Mihajes, Katsuhiro Onoda, Ranjit Makkuni
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Starting from more then ten years of experience and achievements in online cultural content, the panel aims to provide a comprehensive view on controversial issues, or unsolved problems, both in the WWW and Cultural community to stimulate lively, thoughtful, and sometimes provocative discussions. Panelists will outline the relevance of digital collections of intangible heritage and endangered archives and discuss the following topics: the "global" Web vs. the preservation of "local" cultural identities, cultural diversities and their relevance in delivering web based services, preservation & future of digital memories, Web-based development and sustainability models. We expect the panelists to actively engage the audience and help them broaden their understanding of the issues. URL: <http://www.medicif.org/Events/MEDICI_events/WWW2005/default.htm.
Need for non-visual feedback with long response times in mobile HCI
Authors: Virpi Roto, Antti Oulasvirta
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

When browsing Web pages with a mobile device, the system response times are variable and much longer than on a PC. Users must repeatedly glance at the display to see when the page finally arrives, although mobility demands a Minimal Attention User Interface. We conducted a user study with 27 participants to discover the point at which visual feedback stops reaching the user in mobile context. In the study, we examined the deployment of attention during page loading to the phone vs. the environment in several different everyday mobility contexts, and compared these to the laboratory context. The first part of the page appeared on the screen typically in 11 seconds, but we found that the user's visual attention shifted away from the mobile browser usually between 4 and 8 seconds in the mobile context. In contrast, the continuous span of attention to the browser was more than 14 seconds in the laboratory condition. Based on our study results, we recommend mobile applications provide multimodal feedback for delays of more than four seconds.
Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing
Authors: Lloyd Rutledge, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Lynda Hardman
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
Towards autonomic web-sites based on learning automata
Authors: Pradeep S, Chitra Ramachandran, Srinath Srinivasa
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Autonomics or self-reorganization becomes pertinent for web-sites serving a large number of users with highly varying workloads. An important component of self-adaptation is to model the behaviour of users and adapt accordingly. This paper proposes a learning-automata based technique for model discovery. User access patterns are used to construct an FSM model of user behaviour that in turn is used for prediction and prefetching. The proposed technique uses a generalization algorithm to classify behaviour patterns into a small number of generalized classes. It has been tested on both synthetic and live data-sets and has shown a prediction hit-rate of up to 89% on a real web-site.
Delivering new web content reusing remote and heterogeneous sites. A DOM-based approach
Authors: Luis Álvarez Sabucedo, Luis E. Anido-Rifón
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This contribution addresses the development of new web sites reusing already existing contents from external sources. Unlike common links to other resources, which retrieves the whole resource, we propose an approach where partial retrieval is possible: the unit for data reuse is a node in a DOM tree. This solution permits the partial reuse of external and heterogeneous web contents with no need for client (browser) modifications and just minor changes for web servers.
Sub-document queries over XML with XSQirrel
Authors: Arnaud Sahuguet, Bogdan Alexe
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This paper describes XSQirrel, a new XML query language that transforms a document into a sub-document, i.e. a tree where the root-to-leaf paths are a subset of the root-to-leaf paths from the original document.We show that this type of queries is extremely useful for various applications (e.g. web services) and that the currently existing query languages are poorly equipped to express, reason and evaluate such queries. In particular, we emphasize the need to be able to compose such queries. We present the XSQirrel language with its syntax, semantics and two language specific operators, union and composition.For the evaluation of the language, we leverage well established query technologies by translating XSQirrel expressions into XPath programs, XQuery queries or XSLT stylesheets.We provide some experimental results that compare our various evaluation strategies. We also show the runtime benefits of query composition over sequential evaluation.
Information flow using edge stress factor
Authors: Franco Salvetti, Savitha Srinivasan
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This paper shows how a corpus of instant messages can be employed to detect de facto communities of practice automatically. A novel algorithm based on the concept of Edge Stress Factor is proposed and validated. Results show that this approach is fast and effective in studying collaborative behavior.
How much is a keyword worth?
Authors: Ramesh R. Sarukkai
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

How much is a keyword worth? At the crux of every search is a query that is composed of search keywords. Sponsors bid for placement on such keywords using a variety of factors, the key being the relative demand for the keyword, and its ability to drive customers to their site. In this paper, we explore the notion of "worth of a keyword". We determine the keyword's worth by tying it to the end criteria that needs to be maximized. As an illustrative example, keyword searches that drive e-commerce transactions are modeled and methods for estimating the Return On Investment/value of a keyword from the association data is discussed.
Exploiting the dynamic networking effects of the web
Authors: Ramesh Sarukkai, Soumen Chakrabarti, Gary William Flake, Narayanan Shivakumar, Asim M. Ansari
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This panel aims to explore the dynamic networking effects of the Web. Today, linkages on the Web are augmented with dynamic connectivities based on various monetization strategies: e.g. ads and sponsored links. Such linkages change the dynamics of user click/flow on the Web. The key focus of this panel is to debate whether/how such dynamic effects on the Web can be modeled and best exploited. How can we derive cooperative placement strategies that are optimal from a customer perspective? As the World Wide Web becomes more dynamic with fluid link placements guided by different factors, optimizing link placement in a cooperative fashion across the Web will be an integral and crucial component. URL: <http://research.yahoo.com/workshops/www2005/NetworkingEffectsWeb/>.
Adaptive page ranking with neural networks
Authors: Franco Scarselli, Sweah Liang Yong, Markus Hagenbuchner, Ah Chung Tsoi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Recent developments in the area of neural networks provided new models which are capable of processing general types of graph structures. Neural networks are well-known for their generalization capabilities. This paper explores the idea of applying a novel neural network model to a web graph to compute an adaptive ranking of pages. Some early experimental results indicate that the new neural network models generalize exceptionally well when trained on a relatively small number of pages.
Automatic generation of link collections and their visualization
Authors: Osamu Segawa, Jun Kawai, Kazuyuki Sakauchi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

In this paper, we describe a method of generating link collections in a user-specified category by comprehensively collecting existing link collections and analyzing their hyperlink references. Moreover, we propose a visualization method for a bird's-eye view of the generated link collections. Our methods are effective in grasping intuitively the trend of significant sites and keywords in a category.
Mobile multimedia services
Authors: Behzad Shahraray, Wei-Ying Ma, Avideh Zakhor, Noboru Babaguchi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This panel will mainly focus on the role that media processing can play in creating mobile communications, information, and entertainment services. A major premise of our discussion is that media processing techniques go beyond compression and can be employed to monitor, filter, convert, and repurpose information. Such automated techniques can serve to create personalized information and entertainment services in a cost-effective way, adapt existing content for consumption on mobile devices, and circumvent the inherent limitations of mobile devices. Some examples of the applications of media processing techniques for mobile service generation will be given.
Generating XSLT scripts for the fast transformation of XML documents
Authors: Dong-Hoon Shin, Kyong-Ho Lee
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This paper proposes a method of generating XSLT scripts, which support the fast transformation of XML documents, given one-to-one matching relationships between leaf nodes of XML schemas. The proposed method enhances the transformation speed of generated XSLT scripts through reducing template calls. Experimental results show that the proposed method has generated XSLT scripts that support the faster transformation of XML documents, compared with previous works.
Guidelines for developing trust in health websites
Authors: Elizabeth Sillence, Pamela Briggs, Lesley Fishwick, Peter R. Harris
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

How do people decide which health websites to trust and which to reject? Thirteen participants all diagnosed with hypertension were invited to search for information and advice relating to hypertension. Participants took part in a four-week study engaging in both free and directed web searches. A content analysis of the group discussions revealed support for a staged model of trust in which mistrust or rejection of websites is based on design factors and trust or selection of websites is based on content factors such as source credibility and personalization. A number of guidelines for developing trust in health websites are proposed.
Support for arbitrary regions in XSL-FO: a proposal for extending XSL-FO semantics and processing model
Authors: Ana Cristina Benso da Silva, João Batista S. de Oliveira, Fernando Tarlá Martins Mano, Thiago B. Silva, Leonardo Luceiro Meirelles, Felipe Rech Meneguzzi, Fabio Giannetti
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

This paper proposes an extension of the XSL-FO standard which allows the specification of an unlimited number of arbitrarily shaped page regions. These extensions are built on top of XSL-FO 1.1 to enable flow content to be laid out into arbitrary shapes and allowing for page layouts currently available only to desktop publishing software. Such a proposal is expected to leverage XSL-FO towards usage as an enabling technology in the generation of content intended for personalized printing.
The classroom sentinel: supporting data-driven decision-making in the classroom
Authors: Mark K. Singley, Richard B. Lam
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Whereas schools typically record mounds of data regarding student performance, attendance, and other behaviors over the course of a school year, rarely is that data consulted and used to inform day-to-day instructional practice in the classroom. As teachers come under increasing pressure to ensure success for all of their students, we are attempting to provide tools to help teachers make sense of what is happening in their classrooms and take appropriate proactive and/or remedial action. One such tool is a Web service we've dubbed the Classroom Sentinel. The Classroom Sentinel mines electronic gradebook and other student information system data sources to detect critical teaching and learning patterns and bring those patterns to the attention of the teacher in the form of timely alerts. In this paper, we introduce the notion of classroom patterns, present some examples, and describe a framework for alert generation and delivery.