OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Oyster: sharing and re-using ontologies in a peer-to-peer community
Authors: Raúl Palma, Peter Haase, Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper, we present Oyster, a Peer-to-Peer system for exchanging ontology metadata among communities in the Semantic Web. Oyster exploits semantic web techniques in data representation, query formulation and query result presentation to provide an online solution for sharing ontologies, thus assisting researchers in re-using existing ontologies.
OWL FA: a metamodeling extension of OWL D
Authors: Jeff Z. Pan, Ian Horrocks
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

This paper proposes OWL FA, a decidable extension of OWL DL with the metamodeling architecture of RDFS(FA). It shows that the knowledge base satisfiability problem of OWL FA can be reduced to that of OWL DL, and compares the FA semantics with the recently proposed contextual semantics and Hilog semantics for OWL.
Designing an architecture for delivering mobile information services to the rural developing world
Authors: Tapan S. Parikh, Edward D. Lazowska
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Implementing successful rural computing applications requires addressing a number of significant challenges. Recent advances in mobile phone computing capabilities make this device a likely candidate to address the client hardware constraints. Long battery life, wireless connectivity, solid-state memory, low price and immediate utility all make it better suited to rural conditions than a PC. However, current mobile software platforms are not as appropriate. Web-based mobile applications are hard to use, do not take advantage of the mobile phone's media capabilities and require an online connection. Custom mobile applications are difficult to develop and distribute. To address these limitations we present CAM - a new framework for developing and deploying mobile computing applications in the rural developing world. CAM applications are accessed by capturing barcodes using the mobile phone camera, or entering numeric strings with the keypad. Supporting minimal navigation, direct linkage to paper practices and offline multi-media interaction, CAM is uniquely adapted to rural device, user and infrastructure constraints. To illustrate the breadth of the framework, we list a number of CAM-based applications that we have implemented or are planning. These include processing microfinance loans, facilitating rural supply chains, documenting grassroots innovation and accessing electronic medical histories.
Integrating ecoinformatics resources on the semantic web
Authors: Cynthia Sims Parr, Andriy Parafiynyk, Joel Sachs, Li Ding, Sandor Dornbush, Timothy W. Finin, David Wang, Allan Hollander
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We describe ELVIS (the Ecosystem Location Visualization and Information System), a suite of tools for constructing food webs for a given location. We express both ELVIS input and output data in OWL, thereby enabling its integration with other semantic web resources. In particular, we describe using a Triple Shop application to answer SPARQL queries from a collection of semantic web documents. This is an end-to-end case study of the semantic web's utility for ecological and environmental research.
Position paper: a comparison of two modelling paradigms in the Semantic Web
Authors: Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Ian Horrocks
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Classical logics and Datalog-related logics have both been proposed as underlying formalisms for the Semantic Web. Although these two different formalism groups have some commonalities, and look similar in the context of expressively-impoverished languages like RDF, their differences become apparent at more expressive language levels. After considering some of these differences, we argue that, although some of the characteristics of Datalog have their utility, the open environment of the Semantic Web is better served by standard logics.
Archiving web site resources: a records management view
Authors: Maureen Pennock, Brian Kelly
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper, we propose the use of records management principles to identify and manage Web site resources with enduring value as records. Current Web archiving activities, collaborative or organisational, whilst extremely valuable in their own right, often do not and cannot incorporate requirements for proper records management. Material collected under such initiatives therefore may not be reliable or authentic from a legal or archival perspective, with insufficient metadata collected about the object during its active life, and valuable materials destroyed whilst ephemeral items are maintained. Education, training, and collaboration between stakeholders are integral to avoiding these risks and successfully preserving valuable Web-based materials.
The web structure of e-government - developing a methodology for quantitative evaluation
Authors: Vaclav Petricek, Tobias Escher, Ingemar J. Cox, Helen Z. Margetts
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper we describe preliminary work that examines whether statistical properties of the structure of websites can be an informative measure of their quality. We aim to develop a new method for evaluating e-government. E-government websites are evaluated regularly by consulting companies, international organizations and academic researchers using a variety of subjective measures. We aim to improve on these evaluations using a range of techniques from webmetric and social network analysis. To pilot our methodology, we examine the structure of government audit office sites in Canada, the USA, the UK, New Zealand and the Czech Republic.We report experimental values for a variety of characteristics, including the connected components, the average distance between nodes, the distribution of paths lengths, and the indegree and outdegree. These measures are expected to correlate with (i) the navigability of a website and (ii) with its "nodalityö which is a combination of hubness and authority. Comparison of websites based on these characteristics raised a number of issues, related to the proportion of non-hyperlinked content (e.g. pdf and doc files) within a site, and both the very significant differences in the size of the websites and their respective national populations. Methods to account for these issues are proposed and discussed.There appears to be some correlation between the values measured and the league tables reported in the literature. However, this multi dimensional analysis provides a richer source of evaluative techniques than previous work. Our analysis indicates that the US and Canada provide better navigability, much better than the UK; however, the UK site is shown to have the strongest "nodalityö on the Web.
WebKhoj: Indian language IR from multiple character encodings
Authors: Prasad Pingali, Jagadeesh Jagarlamudi, Vasudeva Varma
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Today web search engines provide the easiest way to reach information on the web. In this scenario, more than 95% of Indian language content on the web is not searchable due to multiple encodings of web pages.Most of these encodings are proprietary and hence need some kind of standardization for making the content accessible via a search engine. In this paper we present a search engine called WebKhoj which is capable of searching multi-script and multi-encoded Indian language content on the web. We describe a language focused crawler and the transcoding processes involved to achieve accessibility of Indian langauge content. In the end we report some of the experiments that were conducted along with results on Indian language web content.
A content and structure website mining model
Authors: Barbara Poblete, Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We present a novel model for validating and improving the content and structure organization of a website. This model studies the website as a graph and evaluates its interconnectivity in relation to the similarity of its documents. The aim of this model is to provide a simple way for improving the overall structure, contents and interconnectivity of a website. This model has been implemented as a prototype and applied to several websites, showing very interesting results. Our model is complementary to other methods of website personalization and improvement.
Automatic geotagging of Russian web sites
Authors: Alexei Pyalling, Michael Maslov, Pavel Braslavski
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

The poster describes a fast, simple, yet accurate method to associate large amounts of web resources stored in a search engine database with geographic locations. The method uses location-by-IP data, domain names, and content-related features: ZIP and area codes. The novelty of the approach lies in building location-by-IP database by using continuous IP blocks method. Another contribution is domain name analysis. The method uses search engine infrastructure and makes it possible to effectively associate large amounts of search engine data with geography on a regular basis. Experiments ran on Yandex search engine index; evaluation has proved the efficacy of the approach.
Automatic identification of user interest for personalized search
Authors: Feng Qiu, Junghoo Cho
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

One hundred users, one hundred needs. As more and more topics are being discussed on the web and our vocabulary remains relatively stable, it is increasingly difficult to let the search engine know what we want. Coping with ambiguous queries has long been an important part of the research on Information Retrieval, but still remains a challenging task. Personalized search has recently got significant attention in addressing this challenge in the web search community, based on the premise that a user's general preference may help the search engine disambiguate the true intention of a query. However, studies have shown that users are reluctant to provide any explicit input on their personal preference. In this paper, we study how a search engine can learn a user's preference automatically based on her past click history and how it can use the user preference to personalize search results. Our experiments show that users' preferences can be learned accurately even from little click-history data and personalized search based on user preference yields significant improvements over the best existing ranking mechanism in the literature.
Providing SCORM with adaptivity
Authors: Marta Rey-López, Ana Fernández Vilas, Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo, José Juan Pazos-Arias
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Content personalization is a very important aspect in the field of e-learning, although current standards do not fully support it. In this paper, we outline an extension to the ADL SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) standard in an effort to permit a suitable adaptivity based on user's characteristics. Applying this extension, we can create adaptable courses, which should be personalized before shown to the student.
WAP5: black-box performance debugging for wide-area systems
Authors: Patrick Reynolds, Janet L. Wiener, Jeffrey C. Mogul, Marcos Kawazoe Aguilera, Amin Vahdat
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Wide-area distributed applications are challenging to debug, optimize, and maintain. We present Wide-Area Project 5 (WAP5), which aims to make these tasks easier by exposing the causal structure of communication within an application and by exposing delays that imply bottlenecks. These bottlenecks might not otherwise be obvious, with or without the application's source code. Previous research projects have presented algorithms to reconstruct application structure and the corresponding timing information from black-box message traces of local-area systems. In this paper we present (1) a new algorithm for reconstructing application structure in both local- and wide-area distributed systems, (2) an infrastructure for gathering application traces in PlanetLab, and (3) our experiences tracing and analyzing three systems: CoDeeN and Coral, two content-distribution networks in PlanetLab; and Slurpee, an enterprise-scale incident-monitoring system.
Visualizing an historical semantic web with Heml
Authors: Bruce G. Robertson
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

This poster presents ongoing efforts to enrich the RDF-based semantic Web with the tools of the Historical Event Markup and Linking Project (Heml). An experimental RDF vocabulary for Heml data is illustrated, as well as its use in storing and querying encoded historical events. Finally, the practical use of Heml-RDF is illustrated with a toolkit for the Piggy Bank semantic browser plugin.
Upgrading relational legacy data to the semantic web
Authors: Jesús Barrasa Rodríguez, Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this poster, we describe a framework composed of the R 2O mapping language and the ODEMapster processor to upgrade relational legacy data to the Semantic Web. The framework is based on the declarative description of mappings between relational and ontology elements and the exploitation of such mapping descriptions by a generic processor capable of performing both massive and query driven data upgrade.
Strong authentication in web proxies
Authors: Domenico Rotiroti
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper we present a way to integrate web proxies with smart card based authentication systems.
Determining user interests about museum collections
Authors: Lloyd Rutledge, Lora Aroyo, Natalia Stash
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Currently, there is an increasing effort to provide various personalized services on museum web sites. This paper presents an approach for determining user interests in a museum collection with the help of an interactive dialog. It uses a semantically annotated collection of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam to elicit specific user's interests in artists, periods, genres and themes and uses these values to recommend relevant artefacts and related concepts from the museum collection. In the presented prototype, we show how constructing a user profile and applying recommender strategies in this way enable dynamical generation personalized museum tours for different users.
Knowledge modeling and its application in life sciences: a tale of two ontologies
Authors: Satya Sanket Sahoo, Christopher Thomas, Amit P. Sheth, William S. York, Samir Tartir
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

High throughput glycoproteomics, similar to genomics and proteomics, involves extremely large volumes of distributed, heterogeneous data as a basis for identification and quantification of a structurally diverse collection of biomolecules. The ability to share, compare, query for and most critically correlate datasets using the native biological relationships are some of the challenges being faced by glycobiology researchers. As a solution for these challenges, we are building a semantic structure, using a suite of ontologies, which supports management of data and information at each step of the experimental lifecycle. This framework will enable researchers to leverage the large scale of glycoproteomics data to their benefit.In this paper, we focus on the design of these biological ontology schemas with an emphasis on relationships between biological concepts, on the use of novel approaches to populate these complex ontologies including integrating extremely large datasets ( 500MB) as part of the instance base and on the evaluation of ontologies using OntoQA [38] metrics. The application of these ontologies in providing informatics solutions, for high throughput glycoproteomics experimental domain, is also discussed. We present our experience as a use case of developing two ontologies in one domain, to be part of a set of use cases, which are used in the development of an emergent framework for building and deploying biological ontologies.
Identity management on converged networks: a reality check
Authors: Arnaud Sahuguet, Stefan Brands, Kim Cameron, Conor P. Cahill, Aude Pichelin, Fulup Ar Foll, Mike Neuenschwander
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Since the early days of the Web, identity management has been a big issue. As the famous cartoon from the New Yorker reminds us, "on the internet, nobody knows you are a dog". This was true back in July 1993. This is true today. For the last few years, numerous initiatives have emerged to tackle this issue: Microsoft Passport, Liberty Alliance, 3GPP GUP, Shibboleth, to name a few. Major investments are being made in this area and this is foreseen as a multi-billion dollar market. Yet, as of this writing, there is still no widespread identity management infrastructure in place ready to be used by the general public on converged networks.The goal of this panel is to do a reality check and try to answer the following five questions:
WS-replication: a framework for highly available web services
Authors: Jorge Salas, Francisco Perez-Sorrosal, Marta Patiño-Martínez, Ricardo Jiménez-Peris
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Due to the rapid acceptance of web services and its fast spreading, a number of mission-critical systems will be deployed as web services in next years. The availability of those systems must be guaranteed in case of failures and network disconnections. An example of web services for which availability will be a crucial issue are those belonging to coordination web service infrastructure, such as web services for transactional coordination (e.g., WS-CAF and WS-Transaction). These services should remain available despite site and connectivity failures to enable business interactions on a 24x7 basis. Some of the common techniques for attaining availability consist in the use of a clustering approach. However, in an Internet setting a domain can get partitioned from the network due to a link overload or some other connectivity problems. The unavailability of a coordination service impacts the availability of all the partners in the business process. That is, coordination services are an example of critical components that need higher provisions for availability. In this paper, we address this problem by providing an infrastructure, WS-Replication, for WAN replication of web services. The infrastructure is based on a group communication web service, WS-Multicast, that respects the web service autonomy. The transport of WS-Multicast is based on SOAP and relies exclusively on web service technology for interaction across organizations. We have replicated WS-CAF using our WS-Replication framework and evaluated its performance.
Do not crawl in the DUST: different URLs with similar text
Authors: Uri Schonfeld, Ziv Bar-Yossef, Idit Keidar
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We consider the problem of dust: Different URLs with Similar Text. Such duplicate URLs are prevalent in web sites, as web server software often uses aliases and redirections, translates URLs to some canonical form, and dynamically generates the same page from various different URL requests. We present a novel algorithm, DustBuster, for uncovering dust; that is, for discovering rules for transforming a given URL to others that are likely to have similar content. DustBuster is able to detect dust effectively from previous crawl logs or web server logs, without examining page contents. Verifying these rules via sampling requires fetching few actual web pages. Search engines can benefit from this information to increase the effectiveness of crawling, reduce indexing overhead as well as improve the quality of popularity statistics such as PageRank.
Web annotation sharing using P2P
Authors: Osamu Segawa
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We have developed a system that allows users to add annotations immediately onto a Web page they are viewing, and share the information via a network. A novel feature of our method is that P2P nodes in the system determine their roles autonomously, and share the annotation data. Our method is based on P2P; however, P2P nodes in the system change their roles and data transfer procedures, depending on their network topology or the status of other nodes.Our method is robust to node or network problems, and has flexible scalability.
Web ontology segmentation: analysis, classification and use
Authors: Julian Seidenberg, Alan L. Rector
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Ontologies are at the heart of the semantic web. They define the concepts and relationships that make global interoperability possible. However, as these ontologies grow in size they become more and more difficult to create, use, understand, maintain, transform and classify. We present and evaluate several algorithms for extracting relevant segments out of large description logic ontologies for the purposes of increasing tractability for both humans and computers. The segments are not mere fragments, but stand alone as ontologies in their own right. This technique takes advantage of the detailed semantics captured within an OWL ontology to produce highly relevant segments. The research was evaluated using the GALEN ontology of medical terms and procedures.
The next wave of the web
Authors: Nigel Shadbolt, Tim Berners-Lee, James A. Hendler, Claire Hart, V. Richard Benjamins
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

The World Wide Web has been revolutionary in terms of impact, scale and outreach. At every level society has been changed in some way by the Web. This Panel will consider likely developments in this extraordinary human construct as we attempt to realise the Next Wave of the Web - a Semantic Web.Nigel Shadbolt will Chair a discussion that will focus on the prospects for the Semantic Web, its likely form and the challenges it faces. Can we achieve the necessary agreements on shared meaning for the Semantic Web? Can we achieve a critical mass of semantically annotated data and content? How are we to trust such content? Do the scientific and commercial drivers really demand a Semantic Web? How will the move to a mobile and ubiquitous Web affect the Semantic Web? How does Web 2.0 relate to the Semantic Web?
A comparison of implicit and explicit links for web page classification
Authors: Dou Shen, Jian-Tao Sun, Qiang Yang, Zheng Chen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

It is well known that Web-page classification can be enhanced by using hyperlinks that provide linkages between Web pages. However, in the Web space, hyperlinks are usually sparse, noisy and thus in many situations can only provide limited help in classification. In this paper, we extend the concept of linkages from explicit hyperlinks to implicit links built between Web pages. By observing that people who search the Web with the same queries often click on different, but related documents together, we draw implicit links between Web pages that are clicked after the same queries. Those pages are implicitly linked. We provide an approach for automatically building the implicit links between Web pages using Web query logs, together with a thorough comparison between the uses of implicit and explicit links in Web page classification. Our experimental results on a large dataset confirm that the use of the implicit links is better than using explicit links in classification performance, with an increase of more than 10.5% in terms of the Macro-F1 measurement.
Mining related queries from search engine query logs
Authors: Xiaodong Shi, Christopher C. Yang
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this work we propose a method that retrieves a list of related queries given an initial input query. The related queries are based on the query log of previously issued queries by human users, which can be discovered using our improved association rule mining model. Users can use the suggested related queries to tune or redirect the search process. Our method not only discovers the related queries, but also ranks them according to the degree of their relatedness. Unlike many other rival techniques, it exploits only limited query log information and performs relatively better on queries in all frequency divisions.
Using semantic rules to determine access control for web services
Authors: Brian Shields, Owen Molloy, Gerard Lyons, Jim Duggan
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Semantic Web technologies are bring increasingly employed to solve knowledge management issues in traditional Web technologies. This paper follows that trend and proposes using Semantic rule languages to construct rules for defining access control rules for Web Services. Using these rules, a system will be able to manage access to Web Services and also the information accessed via these services.