OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Informational Zooming: An Interaction Model for the Graphical Access to Text Knowledge Bases
Authors: Ulrich Thiel, Rainer Hammwöhner
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1987

Most user interfaces of contemporary online information systems are designed to support a specific model of interaction, which is in most cases dedicated to a homogeneous type of information like bibliographical references. With the exception of a few special purpose or experimental user interfaces, most of the available information systems offer retrieval facilities that pertain to the formal (command) language paradigm of human computer interaction. In the domain of literature searching, for instance, the indirect access to the data base via traditional Boolean retrieval languages is prevailing. The expressiveness of these languages being restricted to propositional calculus, efforts in the field of probabilistic retrieval intend to overcome this shortcoming (eg by allowing natural language input). Nevertheless, these approaches refer to the functional model of information systems, which is primarily given by a retrieval function mapping a query into a well defined set of homogeneous document descriptions (el SALTON/McGILL 83). Thus, an only extensionally specified semantical basis is provided for the (not explicitly given) interaction model, which is constituted by dialog oriented features like weighting, ranking and relevance-feedback (el ROBERTSON ET AL. 86). ' The development of the TOPIC/TOPOGRAPHIC
Conceptual Information Retrieval Using RUBRIC
Authors: Richard M. Tong, Lee A. Appelbaum, Victor N. Askman, James F. Cunningham
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1987

Article Free Access Share on Conceptual information retrieval using RUBRIC Authors: R. Tong Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CA Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CAView Profile , L. Appelbaum Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CA Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CAView Profile , V. Askman Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CA Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CAView Profile , J. Cunningham Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CA Advanced Decision Systems, 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 286, Mountain View, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '87: Proceedings of the 10th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalNovember 1987 Pages 247–253https://doi.org/10.1145/42005.42033Online:01 November 1987Publication History 24citation577DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads577Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Estimating Effective Display Size in Online Retrieval Systems
Authors: Danny P. Wallace, Bert R. Boyce, Donald H. Kraft
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1987

This paper outlines a problem in commercial online retrieval systems, provides a review of the relevant literature, and presents a solution for a special case of the problem. Previous investigators have considered how to best determine, for a ranked list of records retrieved from an online retrieval system, whether or not the user should continue to display the output. This paper examines the problem of how effective display size can be estimated as a means of assisting the users of commercial online retrieval systems. Although no experimental results are as yet available, the approach presented here will provide a guide to and prolegomenon for systematic study of the problem, as well as a method for providing the estimated number of relevant records remaining in a retrieved set ranked by a retrieval status value.
Towards an Expert System for Bibliographic Retrieval: A Prolog Prototype
Authors: Carolyn R. Watters, Michael A. Shepherd, W. Robertson
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1987

A prototype Prolog system has been developed for online bibliographic retrieval. Most online bibliographic retrieval systems may be characterized by queries based on the occurrence of keywords and by databases consisting of possibly millions of records. Such systems have very fast response times but generally lack any deductive reasoning capability.
BABEL: A Base for an Experimental Library
Authors: Hassan Aït-Kaci, Roger Nasr, Jungyun Seo
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This report discusses the implementation of a knowledge base for a library information system. It is done using a typed logic programming language—LOGIN—where type inheritance is built in. The knowledge base is structured in a hierarchical taxonomy of library object classes where each class is represented in a FRAME style knowledge structure and inherits the properties of its parents, and where infrastructural inference rules have been established through typed Horn clauses. Also in this document, some programming techniques aimed at using the power of inheritance as taxonomic inference are discussed.
A French Text Recognition Model for Information Retrieval System
Authors: Georges Antoniadis, Geneviève Lallich-Boidin, Yolla Polity, Jacques Rouault
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This irzformation retrieval system is bused on a linguistic model for recognition of written french.
Planning in an Expert System for Automated Information Retrieval
Authors: Christine Barthes, Pierre Glize
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Searching online databases requires an information retrieval strategy formalized in the EURISKO expert system. This search strategy is based on different kinds of planning: at the highest level a plan orders a linear and hierarchical planning for the request interrogation and a dynamic planning for the request modification.The recent development of the system has allowed to supply some new judgements on this approach.
On the Nature and Function of Explanation in Intelligent Information Retrieval
Authors: Nicholas J. Belkin
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

We discuss the complexity of explanation activity in human-human goal-directed dialogue, and suggest that this complexity ought to be taken account of in the design of explanation in human-computer interaction. We propose a general model of clarity in human-computer systems, of which explanation is one component. On the bases of: this model; of a model of human-intermediary interaction in the document retrieval situation as one of cooperative model-building for the purpose of developing an appropriate search formulation; and, on the results of empirical observation of human user-human intermediary interaction in information systems, we propose a model for explanation by the computer intermediary in information retrieval.
The Automatic Indexing System AIR/PHYS -- From Research to Application
Authors: Peter Biebricher, Norbert Fuhr, Gerhard Lustig, Michael Schwantner, Gerhard Knorz
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Since October 1985, the automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS has been used in the input production of the physics data base of the Fachinformationsentrum Karlsruhe/West Germany. The texts to be indexed are abstracts written in English. The system of descriptors is prescribed. For the application of the AIR/PHYS system a large-scale dictionary containing more than 600 000 word-descriptor relations reap. phrase-descriptor relations has been developed. Most of these relations have been obtained by means of statistical and heuristical methods. In consequence, the relation system is rather imperfect. Therefore, the indexing system needs some fault- tolerating features. An appropriate indexing approach and the corresponding structure of the AIR/PHYS system are described. Finally, the conditions of the application as well as problems of further development are discussed.
A Utility-Theoretic Analysis of Expected Search Length
Authors: Peter Bollmann, Vijay V. Raghavan
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

In this paper the expected search length, which is a measure of retrieval system performance, is investigated from the viewpoint of axiomatic utility theory. Necessary and sufficient criteria for the expected search length to be an ordinal scale and sufficient criteria that it is a ratio scale are given.
The Use of Anaphoric Resolution for Document Description in Information Retrieval
Authors: Susan Bonzi, Elizabeth D. Liddy
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This study investigated two hypotheses concerning the use of anaphors in information retrieval. The first hypothesis, that anaphors tend to refer to integral concepts rather than to peripheral concepts, was well supported. Two samples of documents, one in psychology and the other in computer science, were examined by subject experts who judged the centrality of phrases which were referred to anaphorically. The second hypothesis, that various term weighting schemes are affected differently by anaphoric resolution, was also well supported. It was found that schemes which incorporate document length into the calculations produce much smaller increases in term weights for terms occurring in anaphoric resolutions than do those which do not consider document length. It is concluded that although anaphoric resolution has potential for better representing the “aboutness” of a document, care must be taken in choosing both the anaphoric classes to be resolved and the term weighting schemes to be used in measuring a document's topicality.
Flexible Selection among Objects: A Framework Based on Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Patrick Bosc, M. Galibourg
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Up to now, most of the retrieving systems are founded on a Boolean selection mechanism. It appears that this way of doing is not powerful enough to deal with some applications, especially when the size (number) of the results must be controlled. In that case, some kind of flexibility is needed in query expression. In this paper, we suggest the use of a fuzzy sets based approach. The basic principles of this approach are presented and compared to more conventional solutions providing only limited extensions. Moreover, the implementation aspects related to our approach are discussed to show that reasonable performances can be expected.
Knowledge Representation, Connectionism, and Conceptual Retrieval
Authors: Ronald J. Brachman, Deborah L. McGuinness
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Knowledge Representation (KR) systems provide support for Artificial Intelligence systems that reason about relationships between objects in their domains of expertise. Because of their support for inference, KR systems appear to have potential to enrich the kind of retrievals that IR systems might make. Ironically, however, the most useful KR systems are limited to reasoning based on a rigid notion of validity, and thus are awkward to use when relevant but inexact retrievals are desired. We have been exploring the potential of a “connectionist” model—the Boltzmann Machine—to overcome this limitation. We report on a number of experiments in which we use a connectionist simulator to support similarity-based reasoning in a frame representation. We draw some tentative, mixed conclusions on the potential for a union of KR, IR, and connectionism.
IR-NLI II: Applying Man-Machine Interaction and Artificial Intelligence Concepts to Information Retrieval
Authors: Giorgio Brajnik, Giovanni Guida, Carlo Tasso
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This paper addresses the problem of building expert interfaces to information retrieval systems. In particular, the problem of augmenting the capabilities of such interfaces with user modeling features is discussed and the main benefits of this approach are outlined. The paper presents a prototype system called IR-NLI II, devoted to model by means of artificial intelligence techniques the human intermediary to information retrieval systems. The overall organization of the IR-NLI II system is presented, together with a short description of the two main modules implemented so far, namely the Information Retrieval Expert Subsystem and the User Modeling Subsystem. An example of interaction with IR-NLI II is described. Perspectives and future research directions are finally outlined.
How Do the Experts Do It? The Use of Ethnographic Methods as an Aid to Understanding the Cognitive Processing and Retrieval of Large Bodies of Text
Authors: Donald Owen Case
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This paper explores an important problem in information retrieval: that of rapidly increasing amounts of full-text storage that is difficult to file and retrieve effectively. The author suggests that a possible avenue for improving full-text retrieval would include in-depth studies of the ways in which individual users cope with large amounts of written information, stored chiefly on paper in their offices. Relevant literature in cognitive psychology is reviewed and some recent and continuing studies are described that have used anthropological methods to approach this problem. It is argued that historians are a good group to study, due to their reliance on the examination and processing of texts, and the broad scope of their inquiries. Examinations of the ways in which this one group of information workers categorize documents could lead us to a better understanding of human problems in processing and retrieving textual information.
Compression of Concordances in Full-Text Retrieval Systems
Authors: Yaacov Choueka, Aviezri S. Fraenkel, Shmuel T. Klein
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

The concordance of a full-text information retrieval system contains for every different word W of the data base, a list L(W) of “coordinates”, each of which describes the exact location of an occurrence of W in the text. The concordance should be compressed, not only for the savings in storage space, but also in order to reduce the number of I/O operations, since the file is usually kept in secondary memory. Several methods are presented, which efficiently compress concordances of large fulltext retrieval systems. The methods were tested on the concordance of the Responsa Retrieval Project and yield savings of up to 49% relative to the non-compressed file; this is a relative improvement of about 27% over the currently used prefix-omission compression technique.
Retrieving Documents by Plausible Inference: A Preliminary Study
Authors: W. Bruce Croft, T. J. Lucia, Paul R. Cohen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Choosing an appropriate document representation and search strategy for document retrieval has been largely guided by achieving good average performance instead of optimizing the results for each individual query. A model of retrieval based on plausible inference gives us a different perspective and suggests that techniques should be found for combining multiple sources of evidence (or search strategies) into an overall assessment of a document's relevance, rather than attempting to pick a single strategy. In this paper, we explain our approach to plausible inference for retrieval and describe some preliminary experiments designed to test this approach. The experiments use a spreading activation search to implement the plausible inference process. The results show that significant effectiveness improvements are possible using this approach.
The Document Management Component of a Multimedia Data Model
Authors: Christophe Damier, Bruno Defude
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

We describe ESTRELLA a multimedia object oriented data model developed by MATRA. This model is based upon objects, classes (organized in a lattice) and functions (allow to dynamically implement operations on data and new data types). The valid states of the data base are described by a set of integrity constraints. We propose a document model capable to manage structured documents and to index them with a superimposed codes method. We present as well the associated data manipulation language with a navigational interface and content search operators
Rough Sets and Information Retrieval
Authors: Padmini Das-Gupta
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

The theory of rough sets was introduced [PAWLAK82]. It allows us to classify objects into sets of equivalent members based on their attributes. We may then examine any combination of the same objects (or even their attributes) using the resultant classification. The theory has direct applications in the design and evaluation of classification schemes and the selection of discriminating attributes. Pawlak's papers discuss its application in the domain of medical diagnostic systems. Here we apply it to the design of information retrieval systems accessing collections of documents. Advantages offered by the theory are: the implicit inclusion of Boolean logic; term weighting; and the ability to rank retrieved documents. In the first section we describe the theory. This is derived from the work by [PAWLAK84, PAWLAK82] and includes only the most relevant aspects of the theory. In the second we apply it to information retrieval. Specifically, we design the approximation space, search strategies as well as illustrate the application of relevance feedback to improve document indexing. Following this in section three we compare the rough set formalism to the Boolean, vector and fuzzy models of information retrieval. Finally we present a small scale evaluation of rough sets which indicates its potential in information retrieval.
Coefficients for Combining Concept Classes in a Collection
Authors: Edward A. Fox, Gary L. Nunn, Whay C. Lee
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This report considers combining information to improve retrieval. The vector space model has been extended so different classes of data are associated with distinct concept types and their respective subvectors. Two collections with multiple concept types are described, ISI-1460 and CACM-3204. Experiments indicate that regression methods can help predict relevance, given query-document similarity values for each concept type. After sampling and transformation of data, the coefficient of determination for the best model was .48 (.66) for ISI (CACM). Average precision for the two collections was 11% (31%) better for probabilistic feedback with all types versus with terms only. These findings may be of particular interest to designers of document retrieval or hypertext systems since the role of links is shown to be especially beneficial.
Optimum Probability Estimation Based on Expectations
Authors: Norbert Fuhr, Hubert Hüther
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Also published in 'Proceedings of the 1988 ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval', Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, p. 257-273
Concept Based Retrieval in Classical IR Systems
Authors: Hanspeter Giger
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This paper describes some aspects of a project with the aim of developing a user-friendly interface to a classical Information Retrieval (IR) System in order to improve the effectiveness of retrieval. The character by character approach to IR has been abandoned in favor of an approach based on the meaning of both the queries and the texts containing the information to be sought. The concept space, locally derived from a thesaurus, is used to represent a query as well as documents retrieved in atomic concept units. Dependencies between the search terms are taken into account. The meanings of the query and the retrieved documents (results of Elementary Logical Conjuncts (ELCs)) are compared. The ranking method on the semantical level is used in connection with existing data of a classical IR system. The user enters queries without using complex Boolean expressions.
A Parallel Multiprocessor Machine Dedicated to Relational and Deductive Databases
Authors: Rubén González-Rubio, Michel Couprie
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Efficiency in databases is a major requirement. This paper presents some solutions to cope with this problem. One solution is to execute operations in parallel: this is done in the “Delta Driven Computer” DDC, which is a multiprocessor machine with distributed memory dedicated to relational and deductive databases. In DDC, relations are distributed among the nodes of the machine, and the data are processed asynchronously in each node. To do that in an efficient way, a coprocessor, specialized for relational operations, is also proposed. It is called μSyC, for “microprogrammable Symbolic Coprocessor”. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part describes DDC, presenting the architecture, the languages, and an original computational model. The second part describes μSyC, its architecture, instruction set and the data structures used at the μSyC level.
Access by Contents of Documents in an Office Information System
Authors: Claudia Jiménez-Guarín
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This paper presents the integration of retrieval functions of an Information Retrieval System, IOTA, in an Office Information Server. Besides the linear scanning of the text (using a software and a hardware filter), two access methods are proposed. The first one is based on a simple indexing of documents based on signatures. Here, texts are treated as character strings. We call this method Textual Search. The second one is based on the extention of Signature Methods for implementing the Indexing Relation of IOTA, where meaningful terms (noun groups, for example) are identified in the text together with grammatical information. We call this method of signature computation the Indexing-Term Signature. The resulting access method is called Semantic Search. We present the current experimentations using the SCHUSS hardware filter as a scanning accelerator and the results of different alternatives of implementation of these Retrieval functions.
Natural Language Techniques for Intelligent Information Retrieval
Authors: Paul S. Jacobs, Lisa F. Rau
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

Neither natural language processing nor information retrieval is any longer a young field, but the two areas have yet to achieve a graceful interaction. Mainly, the reason for this incompatibility is that information retrieval technology depends upon relatively simple but robust methods, while natural language processing involves complex knowledge-based systems that have never approached robustness. We provide an analysis of areas in which natural language and information retrieval come together, and describe a system that joins the two fields by combining technology, choice of application area, and knowledge acquisition techniques.
A Look Back and A Look Forward
Authors: Karen Sparck Jones
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

This paper is in two parts, following the suggestion that I first comment on my own past experience in information retrieval, and then present my views on the present and future.
ALLOY: An Amalgamation of Expert, Linguistic and Statistical Indexing Methods
Authors: Leslie P. Jones, Cary deBessonet, Sukhmay Kundu
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1988

In this paper we report progress on the development of ALLOY, a system that simplifies automatic document indexing and retrieval by combining techniques from several different approaches: expert, linguistic and statistical. The system is being designed to allow a panel of experts to create an ALLOY system for a given field by providing the necessary input that ALLOY needs to automatically index documents and to set up a convenient user interface. The input provided by the experts includes a hierarchy of concepts and an expert dictionary. The amount of information that the panel must provide for given field is considerably less than the amount required to build a complete thesaurus or knowledge base about that field.