OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
End User Behavior on an Online Information Retrieval System: A Computer Monitoring Study
Authors: Christine L. Borgman
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

We report on a computer monitoring study of users of the Ohio State University Libraries' online catalog, an established and heavily used information retrieval system. To our knowledge, this is the first monitoring study of an online catalog performed without system-defined user sessions. Online catalogs represent a class of retrieval systems which are designed for end users, require little or no formal training, and replace an existing manual system. The study characterizes user behavior in terms of types of searches done, patterns of use, time spent on searching, errors, and system problems. Preliminary results suggest that users have much shorter sessions than on other types of retrieval systems. Patterns of use vary between campus libraries, academic quarters, and between short and long sessions. Results of the study will be applied to improving the user interface and other system features.
Using Discourse Analysis for The Design of Information Retrieval Interaction Mechanisms
Authors: Helen M. Brooks, Nicholas J. Belkin
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

article Using discourse analysis for the design of information retrieval interaction mechanisms Share on Authors: H. M. Brooks University of London University of LondonView Profile , N. J. Belkin The City University, London The City University, LondonView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 17Issue 4Summer 1983 pp 31–47https://doi.org/10.1145/1013230.511800Online:01 June 1983Publication History 11citation321DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads321Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
A Clustering Scheme
Authors: Fazli Can, Esen A. Ozkarahan
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

In this paper, a new clustering algorithm has been described. The algorithm proposed determines both the number of clusters in a collection, and the number of elements in each cluster before beginning the final clustering process. The complexity assessment of the algorithm and the implementation issues are also emphasized.
Applications for Information Retrieval Techniques in the Office
Authors: W. Bruce Croft
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Article Free Access Share on Applications for information retrieval techniques in the office Author: W. Bruce Croft University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '83: Proceedings of the 6th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalJune 1983 Pages 18–23https://doi.org/10.1145/511793.511797Published:01 June 1983Publication History 5citation390DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads390Last 12 Months89Last 6 weeks17 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Network Organization Used for Document Retrieval
Authors: W. Bruce Croft, R. Wolf, Roger Thompson
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

A network organization for implementing a document retrieval system is proposed. This organization has significant advantages in terms of the range of searches that can be used when compared to either inverted or clustered file organizations. Algorithms for generating and maintaining the network are described together with experiments designed to test their efficiency and effectiveness.
A Study of the Overlap Among Document Representations
Authors: Padima Das-Gupta, Jeffrey Katzer
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Most previous investigations comparing the performance of different representations have used recall and precision as performance measures. However, there is evidence to show that these measures are insensitive to an important difference between representations. To explain, two representations may perform similarly on these measures, while retrieving very different sets of documents. Equivalence of representations should be decided on the basis of similarity in performance and similarity in the documents retrieved. This study compared the performance of four representations in the PsycAbs database. In addition, overlap between retrieved sets was also computed where overlap is the proportion of retrieved documents that are the same for pairs of document representations. Results indicate that for any two representations considered, performance values differed slightly while overlap scores were also low, thus supporting the evidence that recall and precision as performance measures mask differences between the sets of retrieved documents. Results are interpreted to propose an optimal ordering of the representations and to examine the contribution of each representation given this combination.
Artificial Intelligence Implications for Information Retrieval
Authors: Gerald DeJong
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Overall, the field of information retrieval is already more aware than many other fields of the relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) [1-6]. Nonetheless there remain exciting applications of artificial intelligence that have been so far overlooked. In this paper we will point out some of the ways artificial intelligence might influence the field of information retrieval. We will then examine one application in more detail to discover the kind of technical problems involved in its fruitful exploitation.Before proceeding, it is important to interject a note of caution. While the promise of artificial intelligence is indeed bright, the time of complete fulfillment of its promise is a long way off. Of course, some of the expected contributions are shorter term than others. However, the more difficult problems will fall only after a good deal of basic research is accomplished. Artificial intelligence researchers have, in the past, been culpable of what can most charitably be described as over-optimism [7,8]. This naivete on the part of even the most respected of researchers stemmed from the profound subtleties underlying intelligent behavior. The problem is compounded by the fact that some of the most difficult of intelligent behavior (i.e. common sense) seems intuitively easy.
Combinational Compression and Partitioning of Large Dictionaries: Theory and Experiments
Authors: Aviezri S. Fraenkel, Moshe Mor
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

A method for compressing large dictionaries is proposed, based on transforming words into lexicographically ordered strings of distinct letters, together with permutation indexes. Algorithms to generate such strings are described. Results of applying the method to the dictionaries of two databases, in Hebrew and English, are presented in detail. The main message is a method of partitioning the dictionary such that the "information bearing fraction" is stored in fast memory, and the bulk in auxiliary memory.
An Approach to Enhancement of Statistical Survey Databases
Authors: José-Marie Griffiths, Donald W. King
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

This paper deals with statistical databases that are generated from statistical surveys and that reside in organizations which perform a large number of surveys--some of which are repetitive. Examples of such organizations are Federal statistical agencies such as the Energy Information Administration, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, etc; state governments that have bureaus or departments that collect such data; and marketing research departments of most large consumer-oriented companies. Computer processing has provided a powerful tool for storing, manipulating, and analyzing statistical survey data. However, in addition to these advantages, computing has created a major problem in that most data analysts and users have lost touch with the data and their generation. They no longer have the feel and sense for the data that once was possible. In this paper we present an approach to database design that will directly attack this problem and enhance the usefulness of such databases as well.
Hardware Systems for Text Information Retrieval
Authors: Lee A. Hollaar
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

As databases become very large, conventional digital computers cannot provide satisfactory response time. This is particularly true for text databases, which must often be several orders of magnitude larger than formatted databases to store a useful amount of information. Even the standard techniques for improving system performance (such as inverted files) may not be sufficient to give the desired performance, and the use of an unconventional hardware organization may become necessary.A variety of different organizations has been proposed to enhance processing of text retrieval operations. Most of these have concentrated on the design of fast, efficient search engines. These can be divided into three classes: associative memories, cellular pattern matchers, and finite state automata. The advantages and disadvantages inherent in each of these approaches are discussed, along with a number of proposed implementations. Finally, the text retrieval system under development at the University of Utah is discussed in more detail.
Knowledge-Based Report Generations: A Technique for Automatically Generating Natural Language Reports from Databases
Authors: Karen Kukich
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Knowledge-Based Report Generation is a technique for automatically generating natural language summaries from databases. It is so named because it applies the tools of knowledge-based expert systems design to the problem of text generation. The technique is currently being applied to the design of an automatic natural language stock report generator. Examples drawn from the implementation of the stock report generator are used to describe the components of a knowledge-based report generator.
Intelligent Information Systems
Authors: Michael Lebowitz
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Natural language processing techniques developed for Artificial Intelligence programs can aid in constructing powerful information retrieval systems in at least two areas. Automatic construction of new concepts allows a large body of information to be organized compactly and in a manner that allows a wide range of queries to be answered. Also, using natural language processing techniques to conceptually analyze the documents being stored in a system greatly expands the effectiveness of queries about given pieces of text. However, only robust conceptual analysis methods are adequate for such systems. This paper will discuss approaches to both concept learning, in the form of Generalization-Based Memory, and powerful, robust text processing achieved by Memory-Based Understanding. These techniques have been implemented in the computer systems IPP, a program that reads, remembers and generalizes from news stories about terrorism, and RESEARCHER, currently in the prototype stage, that operates in a very different domain (technical texts, patent abstracts in particular).
End User Touch Searching for Cancer Therapy Literature: A Rule-Based Approach
Authors: A. Steven Pollitt
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

This paper reviews work towards building an expert system for searching the cancer therapy literature on MEDLINE. A modified subset of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) has been stored on a micro-computer and accessed via a touch terminal. Searches, previously requested of the Oncology Information Service at the University of Leeds, have been used to test out the principle of end user searching and the results compared with the searching expertise of a MEDLARS indexer. Original program development was in PASCAL, but a rule-based approach, which is independent of a particular programming language, has been developed for search term and frame selection adopting a 'blackboard' philosophy in tracing the process of selection. Work is progressing on an implementation using the expert systems programming language PROLOG, which has been found a very suitable language for representing rules and provides a ready made rule interpreter. It is suggested that this approach is superior in terms of retrieval performance compared with alternative approaches to end-user searching which fail to exhibit detailed knowledge regarding the subject matter of the search.
Evaluation of The 2-Poisson Model as a Basis for Using Term Frequency Data in Searching
Authors: Vijay V. Raghavan, Hong-Pao Shi, Clement T. Yu
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

The early work on the probabilistic models of retrieval assumed that the document representation is binary, indicating only the presence or absence of index terms. The 2-Poisson (TP) model which was proposed as a model of how the occurrence frequency of specialty words in a collection is distributed, has since been used to develop retrieval strategies that incorporate term frequency information. This work investigates the use of the TP model, in this context, further. It is shown that the search effectiveness, when no relevance information is assumed, can be further enhanced by using this model. Furthermore, when the term weights proposed in this work are used in conjunction with weights known as term significance weights, the results are very encouraging.
A Discrimination Gain Hypothesis
Authors: C. J. van Rijsbergen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Underlying many of the probabilistic models for information retrieval are assumptions of stochastic dependence or independence of varying degrees of severity for the index terms describing the documents. These models generally specify a matching function, that is a function which compares a query with each document. The form of that function is to a large extent determined by the particular dependence/independence assumption. For example, if the index terms are assumed to be independently distributed over both the set of relevant and non-relevant documents then the matching function will in general be linear, whereas an assumption of dependence will lead to a non-linear function.Irrespective of the form that the matching function may take it is always assumed that the search terms in the query are known. In this paper I wish to address the problem of the choice of search terms and how this choice may be affected by an independence assumption.
Some Research Problems in Automatic Information Retrieval
Authors: Gerard Salton
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Information retrieval components are currently incorporated in several types of information systems, including bibliographic retrieval systems, data base management systems and question-answering systems. Some of the problems arising in the real-time environment in which these systems operate are briefly discussed. Certain recent advances in information retrieval research are then mentioned, including the formulation of new probabilistic retrieval models, and the development of automatic document analysis and Boolean query processing techniques.
The User View of File Management: Recommendations for a User Interface Based in an Analysis of UNIX File System Use
Authors: Patricia Somers
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

The structures in which users store their files facilitate retrieval by enabling users to deduce a file's contents from its place in the organization. This study examined structures created by UNIX users to organize their files within a hierarchical directory scheme, and examined the relation between structure and command usage. Users' difficulties in managing the complexity of a hierarchical structure limited the amount of information about files that these structures contained. Tree complexity increased in a negatively accelerating function with the number of files. Users who grouped their files into few directories arranged in shallow trees could navigate through the tree easily, but they sacrificed information: directory names were less specific, and users made more command errors. More sophisticated users created deeper trees. They were able to manage more files but also made extensive use of navigation aids.
Natural Language Grammars for an Information System
Authors: Luis De Sopena
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

The User Specialty Languages (USL) System is an applications independent natural language interface to a Relational Database System. It provides non DP-trained people with a tool to introduce, query, manipulate and analyse the data stored in a Relational Database via natural language. USL interfaces with different languages; in the present paper the grammar developed for Spanish is presented, and compared with the German grammar which was previously implemented and upon which it is based. Their main differences are pointed out, and the generality of the system to deal with other natural languages shown.
Transactional Log Analysis: Online Catalogs
Authors: John Tolle
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

From November 1981 to April 1983, OCLC's Office of Research has been conducting research into online public access catalogs (OPACs). This project has been funded in part by the Council on Library Resources, Inc. as an attempt to provide new insight into the use of online catalogs by obtaining information which may serve as input for better system design of OPACs, utilizing not only desired user features but also more effective searching.The overall study is concerned with the patron and the system and consists of three major parts. The first is the study of current use of online catalogs, i.e., the actual use - what is really happening. The second element is concerned with the perceived patron use of the catalogs and involves the use of questionnaires and focus group interviews at the participating institutions. The third part is an application of the findings from the first two parts.This paper focuses on the current utilization of OPACs. The methodology chosen to employ is to obtain machine-readable transaction logs, via tapes, from the online catalogs and subsequently analyzing these transactions by stochastic search pattern development and mathematical models utilizing Markov chain analysis and the development of transition probability matrices.
Progress Report on Project Information Bridge
Authors: Andrew E. Wessel
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

Project Information Bridge is a West German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology supported project. It has been conducted in cooperation with the Gesellschaft für Information und Dokumentation (Society for Information and Documentation) (GID) and the various data base hosts in West Germany. Its goal was to develop and test a working prototype of an add-on package for existing IR systems.This report covers the time period from October 1981 through March 1983 during which the prototype was successfully developed and tested. The principal emphasis was to provide users with search formulation aids applicable to specific document files searchable using differing IR systems. Aids for thesaurus construction for natural language words and for file construction and indexing have not at this date been tested. Should tests be completed prior to the conference date, information concerning these topics will be presented at the conference.
Reseda, An Information Retrieval System Using Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Representation Techniques
Authors: Gian Piero Zarri
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1983

The RESEDA project is concerned with the construction of AI Information Retrieval systems working on databases containing biographical data. There exist in RESEDA two fundamental ways of retrieving information requested by a user. In the first case, the information we wish to obtain is data which already exists in the base. This data can be obtained by direct match with the "search model" corresponding to the user's question. If this is not possible, we can still try to get an answer by using the inference procedures of the "transformation" type. The second method retrieves information which, in contrast, is created ex nihilo by the search procedure itself. It expresses, in fact, the possibility of a new causal relationship, within the base, between an "episode" provided explicitly by the user and one or more "episodes" that the system retrieves by applying an inference procedure of the type "hypothesis".
P-Trees: Storage Efficient Multiway Trees
Authors: David M. Arnow, Aaron M. Tenenbaum, Connie Wu
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1985

A new variation of high order multiway tree structures, the P-tree is presented. P-trees have average access costs that are significantly better than those of B-trees and are no worse (and often better) in storage utilization. Unlike compact B-trees, they can be maintained dynamically, and unlike dense multiway trees and B-trees, their associated insertion algorithm, which is also presented, is cheap and involves (at most) a very localized rearrangement of keys.
The LIVE Project - Retrieval Experiments Based on Evaluation Viewpoints
Authors: Peter Bollmann, Friedbert Jochum, U. Reiner, V. Weissmarm, Horst Zuse
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1985

Besides the operators 'and', 'or' and 'not' the GRIPS retrieval language contains thesaurus — operators to extend the query and truncation — and context-operators for freetext and Boolean searching.
Implications of Boolean Structures for Probabilistic Retrieval
Authors: Abraham Bookstein
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1985

Article Implications of Boolean structure for probabilistic retrieval Share on Author: Abraham Bookstein Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, 1100 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, 1100 E. 57th St., Chicago, ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '85: Proceedings of the 8th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalJune 1985 Pages 11–17https://doi.org/10.1145/253495.253505Online:05 June 1985Publication History 3citation223DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads223Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Designing an Information Retrieval Interface Based on User Characteristics
Authors: Christine L. Borgman, Donald Owen Case, Charles T. Meadow
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1985

With the increasing number of information retrieval systems and databases available and the increasing demand of end users to utilize the systems, a need exists for improved interfaces and improved training mechanisms. This paper reports on a project to develop an integrated online instruction and assistance system to be used as a “front end” to the U.S. Department of Energy's RECON retrieval system. The conceptual framework for the interface design is based on individual characteristics of its current and prospective users, predominantly scientists conducting energy research. We are building a prototype based on information gained from interviews with scientists using the system (either directly or through a search intermediary) and interviews with search intermediaries. The paper reports on research in progress, including the results of the interviews and the preliminary design of the interface. The conference presentation will include a fuller description of the interface than can be specified here.