OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
An Appliance-Driven Approach to Detection of Corrupted Load Curve Data
Authors: Guoming Tang, Kui Wu, Jian Pei, Jiuyang Tang, Jingsheng Lei
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Load curve data in power systems refers to users' electrical energy consumption data periodically collected with meters. It has become one of the most important assets for modern power systems. Many operational decisions are made based on the information discovered in the data. Load curve data, however, usually suffers from corruptions caused by various factors, such as data transmission errors or malfunctioning meters. To solve the problem, tremendous research efforts have been made on load curve data cleansing. Most existing approaches apply outlier detection methods from the supply side (i.e., electricity service providers), which may only have aggregated load data. In this paper, we propose to seek aid from the demand side (i.e., electricity service users). With the help of readily available knowledge on consumers' appliances, we present an appliance-driven approach to load curve data cleansing. This approach utilizes data generation rules and a Sequential Local Optimization Algorithm (SLOA) to solve the Corrupted Data Identification Problem (CDIP). We evaluate the performance of SLOA with real-world trace data and synthetic data. The results indicate that, comparing to existing load data cleansing methods, such as B-spline smoothing, our approach has an overall better performance and can effectively identify consecutive corrupted data. Experimental results also show that our method is robust in various tests.
Exploring Shared Subspace and Joint Sparsity for Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liang Tao, Horace Ho-Shing Ip, Yinglin Wang, Xin Shu
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been extensively employed in various real-world applications of multi-label annotation. However, two major challenges are raised by the classical CCA. First, CCA frequently fails to remove noisy and irrelevant features. Second, CCA cannot effectively capture correlations between multiple labels, which are especially beneficial for multi-label learning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates joint sparsity and low-rank shared subspace into the least-squares formulation of CCA. Under this framework, multiple label interactions can be uncovered by the shared structure of the input features and a few highly discriminative features can be decided via structured sparsity inducing norm. Owing to the inclusion of the non-smooth row sparsity, a new efficient iterative algorithm is derived with proved convergence. The empirical studies on several popular web image and movie data collections consistently deliver the effectiveness of our new formulation in comparison with competing algorithms.
Compact Auxiliary Dictionaries for Incremental Compression of Large Repositories
Authors: Jiancong Tong, Anthony Wirth, Justin Zobel
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Compression is widely exploited in retrieval systems, such as search engines and text databases, to lower both retrieval costs and system latency. In particular, compression of repositories can reduce storage requirements and fetch times, while improving caching. One of the most effective techniques is relative Lempel-Ziv, RLZ, in which a RAM-resident dictionary encodes the collection. With RLZ, a specified document can be decoded independently and extremely fast, while maintaining a high compression ratio. For terabyte-scale collections, this dictionary need only be a fraction of a per cent of the original data size. However, as originally described, RLZ uses a static dictionary, against which encoding of new data may be inefficient. An obvious alternative is to generate a new dictionary solely from the new data. However, this approach may not be scalable because the combined RAM-resident dictionary will grow in proportion to the collection.
Efficient Probabilistic Supergraph Search Over Large Uncertain Graphs
Authors: Yongxin Tong, Xiaofei Zhang, Caleb Chen Cao, Lei Chen
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

In recent years, with the emergence of a number of new real applications, such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, visual pattern recognition, and intelligent traffic systems, managing huge volumes of uncertain graphs has attracted much attention in the database community. Currently, most existing fundamental queries over graphs only support deterministic (or certain) graphs, although real graph data are often noisy, inaccurate, and incomplete. In this paper, we study a new type of uncertain graph query, probabilistic supergraph containment query over large uncertain graphs. Specifically, given an uncertain graph database UGD which contains a set of uncertain graphs, a deterministic query graph q, and a probabilistic threshold δ, a probabilistic supergraph containment query is to find the set of uncertain graphs from UGD, denoted as UGDq, such that UGDq={ugi∈ UGD|Pr(ugi⊆ q)≥δ} where Pr(ugi⊆q) means the likelihood that ugi is a subgraph of q. We prove that the computation of Pr(ugi⊆q) is #P-hard and design an efficient filtering-and-verification framework to avoid the expensive computation. In particular, we propose an effective filtering strategy and a novel probabilistic inverted index, called PS-Index, to enhance pruning power in the filtering phase. Furthermore, the candidate graphs which pass the filtering phase are tested in the verification phase via an efficient unequal probability sampling-based approximation algorithm. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods through extensive experiments.
Manual Annotation of Semi-Structured Documents for Entity-Linking
Authors: Salvatore Trani, Diego Ceccarelli, Claudio Lucchese, Salvatore Orlando, Raffaele Perego
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

The Entity Linking (EL) problem consists in automatically linking short fragments of text within a document to entities in a given Knowledge Base like Wikipedia. Due to its impact in several text-understanding related tasks, EL is an hot research topic. The correlated problem of devising the most relevant entities mentioned in the document, a.k.a. salient entities (SE), is also attracting increasing interest. Unfortunately, publicly available evaluation datasets that contain accurate and supervised knowledge about mentioned entities and their relevance ranking are currently very poor both in number and quality. This lack makes very difficult to compare different EL and SE solutions on a fair basis, as well as to devise innovative techniques that relies on these datasets to train machine learning models, in turn used to automatically link and rank entities. In this demo paper we propose a Web-deployed tool that allows to crowdsource the creation of these datasets, by supporting the collaborative human annotation of semi-structured documents. The tool, called Elianto, is actually an open source framework, which provides a user friendly and reactive Web interface to support both EL and SE labelling tasks, through a guided two-step process.
Log-Bilinear Document Language Model for Ad-hoc Information Retrieval
Authors: Xinhui Tu, Jing Luo, Bo Li, Tingting He
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Incorporating semantic information into document representation is effective and potentially significant to improve retrieval performance. Recently, log-bilinear language model (LBL), as a form of neural language model, has been proved to be an effective way to learn semantic word representations, but its feasibility and effectiveness in information retrieval is mostly unknown. In this paper, we study how to efficiently use LBL to improve as-hoc retrieval. We propose a log-bilinear document language model (LB-DM) within the language modeling framework. The key idea is to learn semantically oriented representations for words, and estimate document language models based on these representations. Noise-constrictive estimation is employed to perform fast training on large document collections. Experiment results on standard TREC collections show that LB-DM performs better than translation language model and LDA-based retrieval model.
Efficient Filter Approximation Using the Earth Mover's Distance in Very Large Multimedia Databases with Feature Signatures
Authors: Merih Seran Uysal, Christian Beecks, Jochen Schmücking, Thomas Seidl
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

The Earth Mover's Distance, proposed in computer vision as a distance-based similarity model reflecting the human perceptual similarity, has been widely utilized in numerous domains for similarity search applicable on both feature histograms and signatures. While efficiency improvement methods towards the Earth Mover's Distance were frequently investigated on feature histograms, not much work is known to study this similarity model on feature signatures denoting object-specific feature representations. Given a very large multimedia database of features signatures, how can k-nearest-neighbor queries be processed efficiently by using the Earth Mover's Distance? In this paper, we propose an efficient filter approximation technique to lower bound the Earth Mover's Distance on feature signatures by restricting the number of earth flows locally. Extensive experiments on real world data indicate the high efficiency of the proposal, attaining order-of-magnitude query processing time cost reduction for high dimensional feature signatures.
Bringing Head Closer to the Tail with Entity Linking
Authors: Manisha Verma, Diego Ceccarelli
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

With the creation and rapid development of knowledge bases, it has become easier to understand the underlying semantics of unstructured text (short or long) on the web. In this work we especially look at the impact of entity linking on search logs. Search queries follow a Zipfian distribution wherein other than few popular queries (head queries), a significant percentage of queries (tail queries) occur rarely. Given a search log, there is sufficient data to analyze head queries but insufficient data (low frequency, limited clicks) to draw any conclusions about tail queries. In this work we focus on quantifying the extent of overlap between long tail and head queries by means of entity linking. We specifically analyze the frequency distribution of entities in head and tail queries. Our analysis shows that by means of entity linking, we can indeed bridge the gap between the head and tail.
Entity Oriented Task Extraction from Query Logs
Authors: Manisha Verma, Emine Yilmaz
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Identifying user tasks from query logs has garnered considerable interest from the research community lately. Several approaches have been proposed to extract tasks from search sessions. Current approaches segment a user session into disjoint tasks using features extracted from query, session or clicked document text. However, user tasks most often than not are entity centric and text based features will not exploit entities directly for task extraction. In this work, we explore entity specific task extraction from search logs. We evaluate the quality of extracted tasks with Session track data. Empirical evaluation shows that terms associated with entity oriented tasks can not only be used to predict terms in user sessions but also improve retrieval when used for query expansion.
Medical Semantic Similarity with a Neural Language Model
Authors: Lance De Vine, Guido Zuccon, Bevan Koopman, Laurianne Sitbon, Peter Bruza
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Advances in neural network language models have demonstrated that these models can effectively learn representations of words meaning. In this paper, we explore a variation of neural language models that can learn on concepts taken from structured ontologies and extracted from free-text, rather than directly from terms in free-text.
Active Learning based Survival Regression for Censored Data
Authors: Bhanukiran Vinzamuri, Yan Li, Chandan K. Reddy
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Time-to-event outcomes based data can be modelled using survival regression methods which can predict these outcomes in different censored data applications in diverse fields such as engineering, economics and healthcare. Predictive models are built by inferring from the censored variable in time-to-event data, which differentiates them from other regression methods. Censoring is represented as a binary indicator variable and machine learning methods have been tuned to account for the censored attribute. Active learning from censored data using survival regression methods can make the model query a domain expert for the time-to-event label of the sampled instances. This offers higher advantages in the healthcare domain where a domain expert can interactively refine the model with his feedback. With this motivation, we address this problem by providing an active learning based survival model which uses a novel model discriminative gradient based sampling scheme. We evaluate this framework on electronic health records (EHR), publicly available survival and synthetic censored datasets of varying diversity. Experimental evaluation against state of the art survival regression methods indicates the higher discriminative ability of the proposed approach. We also present the sampling results for the proposed approach in an active learning setting which indicate better learning rates in comparison to other sampling strategies.
MeowsReader: Real-Time Ranking and Filtering of News with Generalized Continuous Top-k Queries
Authors: Nelly Vouzoukidou, Bernd Amann, Vassilis Christophides
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

This demonstration presents MeowsReader, a real-time news ranking and filtering prototype. MeowsReader illustrates how a general class of continuous top-k queries offers a suitable abstraction for modeling and implementing real-time search services over highly dynamic information streams combining keyword search and realtime web signals about information items. Users express their interest by simple text queries and continuously receive the best matching results in an alert-like environment. The main innovative feature are dynamic item scores which take account of information decay, real-time web attention and other online user feedback. Additionally, a trends detection mechanism automatically generates trending entities from the input streams, which can smoothly be added to user profiles in form of keyword queries.
Sequential Action Patterns in Collaborative Ontology-Engineering Projects: A Case-Study in the Biomedical Domain
Authors: Simon Walk, Philipp Singer, Markus Strohmaier
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Within the last few years the importance of collaborative ontology-engineering projects, especially in the biomedical domain, has drastically increased. This recent trend is a direct consequence of the growing complexity of these structured data representations, which no single individual is able to handle anymore. For example, the World Health Organization is currently actively developing the next revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), using an OWL-based core for data representation and Web 2.0 technologies to augment collaboration. This new revision of ICD consists of roughly 50,000 diseases and causes of death and is used in many countries around the world to encode patient history, to compile health-related statistics and spendings. Hence, it is crucial for practitioners to better understand and steer the underlying processes of how users collaboratively edit an ontology. Particularly, generating predictive models is a pressing issue as these models may be leveraged for generating recommendations in collaborative ontology-engineering projects and to determine the implications of potential actions on the ontology and community.
User Interests Imbalance Exploration in Social Recommendation: A Fitness Adaptation
Authors: Tianchun Wang, Xiaoming Jin, Xuetao Ding, Xiaojun Ye
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in how to incorporate social network information into recommendation algorithms to enhance the user experience. In this paper, we find the phenomenon that users in the contexts of recommendation system and social network do not share the same interest space. Based on this finding, we proposed the social regulatory factor regression model (SRFRM) which could connect different interest spaces in different contexts together in an unified latent factor model. Specifically, different from the traditional social based latent factor models with strong limitation that all sides share the same feature space, the proposed method leverages the regulatory factor number on both sides to meet the fact that users and items or users in different contexts may not share the same interest space. It works by incorporating two linear transformation matrices into the matrix co-factorization framework that matrix factorization of user ratings is regularized by that of social trust network. We study a large subsets of data from epinions.com and douban.com respectively. The experimental results indicate that users in different contexts have different interest spaces and our model achieves a higher performance compared with related state-of-the-art methods.
Cleanix: A Big Data Cleaning Parfait
Authors: Hongzhi Wang, Mingda Li, Yingyi Bu, Jianzhong Li, Hong Gao, Jiacheng Zhang
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

In this demo, we present Cleanix, a prototype system for cleaning relational Big Data. Cleanix takes data integrated from multiple data sources and cleans them on a shared-nothing machine cluster. The backend system is built on-top-of an extensible and flexible data-parallel substrate - the Hyracks framework. Cleanix supports various data cleaning tasks such as abnormal value detection and correction, incomplete data filling, de-duplication, and conflict resolution. We demonstrate that Cleanix is a practical tool that supports effective and efficient data cleaning at the large scale.
Exploring Legal Patent Citations for Patent Valuation
Authors: Shuting Wang, Zhen Lei, Wang-Chien Lee
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Effective patent valuation is important for patent holders. Forward patent citations, widely used in assessing patent value, have been considered as reflecting knowledge flows, just like paper citations. However, patent citations also carry legal implication, which is important for patent valuation. We argue that patent citations can either be technological citations that indicate knowledge transfer or be legal citations that delimit the legal scope of citing patents. In this paper, we first develop citation-network based methods to infer patent quality measures at either the legal or technological dimension. Then we propose a probabilistic mixture approach to incorporate both the legal and technological dimensions in patent citations, and an iterative learning process that integrates a temporal decay function on legal citations, a probabilistic citation network based algorithm and a prediction model for patent valuation. We learn all the parameters together and use them for patent valuation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by using patent maintenance status as an indicator of patent value and discuss the insights we learned from this study.
Faceted Exploring for Domain Knowledge over Linked Open Data
Authors: Meng Wang, Jun Liu, Wenqiang Liu, Qinghua Zheng, Wei Zhang, Lingyun Song, Siyu Yao
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

The rapidly increasing RDF data in the Linked Open Data (LOD) community project is a valuable resource for obtaining domain knowledge. However, RDF data of specific topics also shows a trend of being more decentralized and fragmented, which makes it difficult and inefficient for the users to get an overview of a specific topic and retrieve the desired information. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel system called KFM, which can aggregate the distributed RDF data of a topic according to the facets of this topic. KFM provides a new way for users to obtain and explore domain knowledge in the LOD cloud.
Structure Learning via Parameter Learning
Authors: William Yang Wang, Kathryn Mazaitis, William W. Cohen
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

A key challenge in information and knowledge management is to automatically discover the underlying structures and patterns from large collections of extracted information. This paper presents a novel structure-learning method for a new, scalable probabilistic logic called ProPPR. Our approach builds on the recent success of meta-interpretive learning methods in Inductive Logic Programming (ILP), and we further extends it to a framework that enables robust and efficient structure learning of logic programs on graphs: using an abductive second-order probabilistic logic, we show how first-order theories can be automatically generated via parameter learning. To learn better theories, we then propose an iterated structural gradient approach that incrementally refines the hypothesized space of learned first-order structures. In experiments, we show that the proposed method further improves the results, outperforming competitive baselines such as Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) and FOIL on multiple datasets with various settings; and that the proposed approach can learn structures in a large knowledge base in a tractable fashion.
Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: Towards Cross-System Malware Information Sharing
Authors: Ting Wang, Shicong Meng, Wei Gao, Xin Hu
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Anti-virus systems developed by different vendors often demonstrate strong discrepancies in how they name malware, which signficantly hinders malware information sharing. While existing work has proposed a plethora of malware naming standards, most anti-virus vendors were reluctant to change their own naming conventions. In this paper we explore a new, more pragmatic alternative. We propose to exploit the correlation between malware naming of different anti-virus systems to create their consensus classification, through which these systems can share malware information without modifying their naming conventions. Specifically we present Latin, a novel classification integration framework leveraging the correspondence between participating anti-virus systems as reflected in heterogeneous information sources at instance-instance, instance-name, and name-name levels. We provide results from extensive experimental studies using real malware datasets and concrete use cases to verify the efficacy of Latin in supporting cross-system malware information sharing.
Sparse Semantic Hashing for Efficient Large Scale Similarity Search
Authors: Qifan Wang, Bin Shen, Zhiwei Zhang, Luo Si
Venue: CIKM
Year: 2014

Similarity search, or finding approximate nearest neighbors, is an important technique in various large scale information retrieval applications such as document retrieval. Many recent research demonstrate that hashing methods can achieve promising results for large scale similarity search due to its computational and memory efficiency. However, most existing hashing methods ignore the hidden semantic structure of documents but only use the keyword features (e.g., tf-idf) in hashing codes learning. This paper proposes a novel sparse semantic hashing (SpSH) approach that explores the hidden semantic representation of documents in learning their corresponding hashing codes. In particular, a unified framework is designed for ensuring the hidden semantic structure among the documents by a sparse coding model, while at the same time preserving the document similarity via graph Laplacian. An iterative coordinate descent procedure is then proposed for solving the optimization problem. Extensive experiments on two large scale datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed research over several state-of-the-art hashing methods.