OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Can web-based recommendation systems afford deep models: a context-based approach for efficient model-based reasoning
Authors: Leiguang Gong
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Web-based product and service recommendation systems have become ever popular on-line business practice with increasing emphasis on modeling customer needs and providing them with targeted or personalized service solutions in real-time interaction. Almost all the commercial web service systems adopt some kind of simple customer segmentation models and shallow pattern matching or rule-based techniques for high performance. The models built based on these techniques though very efficient have a fundamental limitation in their ability to capture and explain the reasoning in the process of determining and selecting appropriate services or products. However, using deep models (e.g. semantic networks), though desirable for their expressive power, may require significantly more computational resources (e.g. time) for reasoning. This can compromise the system performance. This paper reports on a new approach that represents and uses contextual information in semantic net-based models to constrain and prune potentially very large search space, which results in more efficient reasoning and much improved performance in terms of speed and selectivity as evidenced by the evaluation results.
Choosing the best knowledge base system for large semantic web applications
Authors: Yuanbo Guo, Zhengxiang Pan, Jeff Heflin
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

We present an evaluation of four knowledge base systems with respect to use in large Semantic Web applications. We discuss the performance of each system. In particular, we show that existing systems need to place a greater emphasis on scalability.
Integrating elliptic curve cryptography into the web's security infrastructure
Authors: Vipul Gupta, Douglas Stebila, Sheueling Chang Shantz
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

RSA is the most popular public-key cryptosystem on the Web today but long-term trends such as the proliferation of smaller, simpler devices and increasing security needs will make continued reliance on RSA more challenging over time. We offer Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) as a suitable alternative and describe our integration of this technology into several key components of the Web's security infrastructure. We also present experimental results quantifying the benefits of using ECC for secure web transactions.
XJ: integration of XML processing into java
Authors: Matthew Harren, Mukund Raghavachari, Oded Shmueli, Michael G. Burke, Vivek Sarkar, Rajesh Bordawekar
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

The increased importance of XML as a universal data representation format has led to several proposals for enabling the development of applications that operate on XML data. These proposals range from runtime API-based interfaces to XML-based programming languages. The subject of this paper is XJ, a research language that proposes novel mechanisms for the integration of XML as a first-class construct into JavaTM. The design goals of XJ distinguish it from pastwork on integrating XML support into programming languages ---specifically, the XJ design adheres to the XML Schema and XPathstandards, and supports in-place updates of XML data thereby keeping with the imperative nature of Java. We have also built a prototype compiler for XJ, and our preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the performance of XJ programs can approach that of tradition allow level API-based interfaces, while providing a higher level of abstraction.
A semantic matchmaker service on the grid
Authors: Andreas Harth, Stefan Decker, Yu He, Hongsuda Tangmunarunkit, Carl Kesselman
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

A fundamental task on the Grid is to decide what jobs to run on what computing resources based on job or application requirements. Our previous work on ontology-based matchmaking discusses a resource matchmaking mechanism using Semantic Web technologies. We extend our previous work to provide dynamic access to such matchmaking capability by building a persistent online matchmaking service. Our implementation uses the Globus Toolkit for the Grid service development, and exploits the monitoring and discovery service in the Grid infrastructure to dynamically discover and update resource information. We describe the architecture of our semantic matchmaker service in the poster.
The interoperability of learning object repositories and services: standards, implementations and lessons learned
Authors: Marek Hatala, Griff Richards, Timmy Eap, Jordan Willms
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Interoperability is one of the main issues in creating a networked system of repositories. The eduSource project in its holisticapproach to building a network of learning object repositories in Canada is implementing an open network for learning services. Itsopenness is supported by a communication protocol called theeduSource Communications Layer (ECL) which closely implements the IMS Digital Repository Interoperability (DRI)specification and architecture. The ECL in conjunction withconnection middleware enables any service providers to join thenetwork. EduSource is open to external initiatives as it explicitlysupports an extensible bridging mechanism between eduSource and other major initiatives. This paper discusses interoperability in general and then focuses on the design of ECL as animplementation of IMS DRI with supporting infrastructure andmiddleware. The eduSource implementation is in the mature stateof its development as being deployed in different settings withdifferent partners. Two applications used in evaluating ourapproach are described: a gateway for connecting betweeneduSource and the NSDL initiative, and a federated searchconnecting eduSource, EdNA and SMETE.
Automatic extraction of web search interfaces for interface schema integration
Authors: Hai He, Weiyi Meng, Clement T. Yu, Zonghuan Wu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

This paper provides an overview of a technique for extracting information from the Web search interfaces of e-commerce search engines that is useful for supporting automatic search interface integration. In particular, we discuss how to group elements and labels on a search interface into attributes and how to derive certain meta-information for each attribute.
Combining individual tutoring with automatic course sequencing in WBT systems
Authors: Denis Helic, Hermann A. Maurer, Nick Scerbakov
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Usually, the success of systems using automatic course sequencing depends strongly on careful authoring and foreseeing of all curriculum alternatives before any learning session even starts. We believe that tutors, starting from a simple generic curriculum, and assuming that they have the proper tools, can much easier create curriculum alternatives as immediate response to the current learning situation. In this paper we present a tool that provides a flexible environment for tutors allowing them to customize, and develop the curriculum on-the-fly. However, since individual tutoring is quite expensive we shortly discuss possibilities for enabling automatic adjustment of course curriculum to learners' needs by combining on-the-fly curriculum alternatives created by tutors with well-known automatic course sequencing techniques.
Web image learning for searching semantic concepts in image databases
Authors: Steven Chu-Hong Hoi, Michael R. Lyu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Without textual descriptions or label information of images, searching semantic concepts in image databases is still a very challenging task. While automatic annotation techniques are yet along way off, we can seek other alternative techniques to solve this difficult issue. In this paper, we propose to learn Web images for searching the semantic concepts in large image databases. To formulate effective algorithms, we suggest to engage the support vector machines for attacking the problem. We evaluate our algorithm in a large image database and demonstrate the preliminary yet promising results.
A method for modeling uncertainty in semantic web taxonomies
Authors: Markus Holi, Eero Hyvönen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

We present a method for representing and reasoning with uncertainty in RDF(S) and OWL ontologies based on Bayesian networks.
A proposal for an owl rules language
Authors: Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Although the OWLWeb Ontology Language adds considerable expressive power to the Semantic Web it does have expressive limitations, particularly with respect to what can be said about properties. Wepresent ORL (OWL Rules Language), a Horn clause rules extension to OWL that overcomes many of these limitations. ORL extends OWL in a syntactically and semantically coherent manner: the basic syntax for ORL rules is an extension of the abstract syntax for OWL DL and OWLLite; ORL rules are given formal meaning via an extension of the OWLDL model-theoretic semantics; ORL rules are given an XML syntax basedon the OWL XML presentation syntax; and a mapping from ORL rules to RDF graphs is given based on the OWL RDF/XML exchange syntax. Wediscuss the expressive power of ORL, showing that the ontology consistency problem is undecidable, provide several examples of ORLusage, and discuss how reasoning support for ORL might be provided.
Liveclassifier: creating hierarchical text classifiers through web corpora
Authors: Chien-Chung Huang, Shui-Lung Chuang, Lee-Feng Chien
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Many Web information services utilize techniques of information extraction(IE) to collect important facts from the Web. To create more advanced services, one possible method is to discover thematic information from the collected facts through text classification. However, most conventional text classification techniques rely on manual-labelled corpora and are thus ill-suited to cooperate with Web information services with open domains. In this work, we present a system named LiveClassifier that can automatically train classifiersthrough Web corpora based on user-defined topic hierarchies. Due to its flexibility and convenience, LiveClassifier can be easily adapted for various purposes. New Web information services can be created to fully exploit it; human users can use it to create classifiers for their personal applications. The effectiveness of classifiers created by LiveClassifier is well supportedby empirical evidence.
Web data integration using approximate string join
Authors: Yingping Huang, Gregory R. Madey
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Web data integration is an important preprocessing step for web mining. It is highly likely that several records on the web whose textual representations differ may represent the same real world entity. These records are called approximate duplicates. Data integration seeks to identify such approximate duplicates and merge them into integrated records. Many existing data integration algorithms make use of approximate string join, which seeks to (approximately) find all pairs of strings whose distances are less than a certain threshold. In this paper, we propose a new mapping method to detect pairs of strings with similarity above a certain threshold. In our method, each string is first mapped to a point in a high dimensional grid space, then pairs of points whose distances are 1 are identified. We implement it using Oracle SQL and PL/SQL. Finally, we evaluate this method using real data sets. Experimental results suggest that our method is both accurate and efficient.
Securing web application code by static analysis and runtime protection
Authors: Yao-Wen Huang, Fang Yu, Christian Hang, Chung-Hung Tsai, Der-Tsai Lee, Sy-Yen Kuo
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Security remains a major roadblock to universal acceptance of the Web for many kinds of transactions, especially since the recent sharp increase in remotely exploitable vulnerabilities have been attributed to Web application bugs. Many verification tools are discovering previously unknown vulnerabilities in legacy C programs, raising hopes that the same success can be achieved with Web applications. In this paper, we describe a sound and holistic approach to ensuring Web application security. Viewing Web application vulnerabilities as a secure information flow problem, we created a lattice-based static analysis algorithm derived from type systems and typestate, and addressed its soundness. During the analysis, sections of code considered vulnerable are instrumented with runtime guards, thus securing Web applications in the absence of user intervention. With sufficient annotations, runtime overhead can be reduced to zero. We also created a tool named.WebSSARI (Web application Security by Static Analysis and Runtime Inspection) to test our algorithm, and used it to verify 230 open-source Web application projects on SourceForge.net, which were selected to represent projects of different maturity, popularity, and scale. 69 contained vulnerabilities. After notifying the developers, 38 acknowledged our findings and stated their plans to provide patches. Our statistics also show that static analysis reduced potential runtime overhead by 98.4%.
Filtering spam e-mail on a global scale
Authors: Geoff Hulten, Joshua T. Goodman, Robert Rounthwaite
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

In this paper we analyze a very large junk e-mail corpus which was generated by a hundred thousand volunteer users of the Hotmail e-mail service. We describe how the corpus is being collected, and analyze: the geographic origins of the e-mail who the e-mail is targeting and what the e-mail is selling.
Web customization using behavior-based remote executing agents
Authors: Eugene Hung, Joseph Pasquale
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

ReAgents are remotely executing agents that customize Web browsing for non-standard clients. A reAgent is essentially a one-shot" mobile agent that acts as an extension of a client dynamically launched by the client to run on its behalf at a remote more advantageous location. ReAgents simplify the use of mobile agent technology by transparently handling data migration and run-time network communications and provide a general interface for programmers to more easily implement their application-specific customizing logic. This is made possible by the identification of useful remote behaviors i.e. common patterns of actions that exploit the ability to process and communicate remotely. Examples of such behaviors are transformers monitors cachers and collators. In this paper we identify a set ofuseful reAgent behaviors for interacting with Web services via astandard browser describe how to program and use reAgents and show that the overhead of using reAgents is low and outweighed by its benefits.
Publishing museum collections on the semantic web: the museumfinland portal
Authors: Eero Hyvönen, Miikka Junnila, Suvi Kettula, Eetu Mäkelä, Samppa Saarela, Mirva Salminen, Ahti Syreeni, Arttu Valo, Kim Viljanen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Museum collections contain large amounts of data and semantically rich, mutually interrelated metadatain heterogeneous databases. The publication of museum collections on the web is therefore a very promising application domain for semantic web techniques. We present a semantic web portal called MuseumFinland - Finnish Museums on the Semantic Web1 [3]that contains some 4,000 cultural artifacts from the collections of three museums using three different database schemas and database systems. The system is based on seven RDF(S) ontologies consisting of some 10,000 classes and individuals.
A logic-based semantic web html generator - a poor man's publishing approach
Authors: Eero Hyvönen, Arttu Valo, Kim Viljanen, Markus Holi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

This paper presents a method and a tool for publishing semantic web content in RDF(S) for the humans as a static HTML page site.
An agent system reasoning about the web and the user
Authors: Giovambattista Ianni, Francesco Ricca, Francesco Calimeri, Vincenzino Lio, Stefania Galizia
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

The paper describes some innovations related to the ongoing work on the GSA prototype, an integrated information retrieval agent. In order to improve the original system effectiveness, we propose the GSA2 system, introducing a new internal architecture based on a message-passing framework and on an ontology description formalism (WOLF, Web ontology Framework). GSA2 is conceived in order to describe and easily perform reasoning on "facts about the web and the user". The most innovative aspect of the project is its customizable and flexible reasoning system, based on Answer Set Programming it plays the role of the central decision making module, and allows the Agent to take proactive decisions. The introduction of a logic language allows one to describe, program and plan behaviors of the Agent easily and quickly, and to experiment with a large variety of Information Retrieval strategies. Both the System Architecture and WOLF are general and reusable, and the result constitutes a good example of real implementation of agents based on logics.
Web page summarization using dynamic content
Authors: Adam Jatowt
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Summarizing web pages have recently gained much attention from researchers. Until now two main types of approaches have been proposed for this task: content- and context-based methods. Both of them assume fixed content and characteristics of web documents without considering their dynamic nature. However the volatility of information published on the Internet argue for the implementation of more time-aware techniques. This paper proposes a new approach towards automatic web page description, which extends the concept of a web page by the temporal dimension. Our method provides a broader view on web document summarization and can complement the existing techniques.
Hybrid multicasting in large-scale service networks
Authors: Jingwen Jin, Klara Nahrstedt
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

The importance of service composition has been widely recognized in the Internet research community due to its high flexibility in allowing development of customized applications. So far little attention has been paid to composite services' runtime performance-related aspects, which are of great importance to wide-area applications. Service composition in the wide area actually creates a new type of routing problem which we call QoS service routing. We study this problem in large networks (e.g., the Web) and provide distributed and scalable routing solutions with various optimization goals. Most importantly, we propose ways to reduce redundancies of data delivery and service execution through explorations of different types of multicast (service multicast and data multicast) in one-to-many application scenarios.
Using semantic web approach in augmented audio reality system for museum visitors
Authors: Leila Kalantari, Marek Hatala, Jordan Willms
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

In this paper, we describe our work in progress on the reasoning module of ec(h)o, an augmented audio-reality interface for museum visitors utilizing spatialized soundscapes and a semantic web approach to information. We used ontologies to describe the semantics of sound objects and represent user model. A rule-based system for selecting sound object uses semantic description of objects, visitor's interaction history and heuristics for continuity of the dialogue between user and the system.
Answering similarity queries in peer-to-peer networks
Authors: Panos Kalnis, Wee Siong Ng, Beng Chin Ooi, Kian-Lee Tan
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

A variety of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems for sharing digital information are currently available and most of them perform searching by exact key matching. In this paper we focus on similarity searching and describe FuzzyPeer, a generic broadcast-based P2P system which supports a wide range of fuzzy queries. As a case study we present an image retrieval application implemented on top of FuzzyPeer. Users provide sample images whose sets of features are propagated through the peers. The answer consists of the top-k most similar images within the query horizon. In our system the participation of peers is ad-hoc and dynamic, their functionality is symmetric and there is no centralized index. In order to avoid ∞ooding the network with messages, we develop a technique that takes advantage of the fuzzy nature of the queries. Speciflcally, some queries are \frozen" inside the network, and are satisfled by the streaming results of similar queries that are already running. We describe several optimization techniques for single and multiple-attribute queries, and study their tradeofis. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms by a prototype implementation on our P2P platform and a simulated large-scale network. Our results suggest that by reusing the existing streams, the scalability of the system improves both in terms of number of nodes and query throughput.
Web page classification without the web page
Authors: Min-Yen Kan
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Uniform resource locators (URLs), which mark the address of a resource on the World Wide Web, are often human-readable and can hint at the category of the resource. This paper explores the use of URLs for webpage categorization via a two-phase pipeline of word segmentation/expansion and classification. We quantify its performance against document-based methods, which require the retrieval of the source document.
A3: framework for user adaptation using xslt
Authors: Daisuke Kanjo, Yukiko Kawai, Katsumi Tanaka
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

We propose a system called "Adaptation Anywhere & Anytime(A3)", which is a framework for making web sites/applications adaptable to user's needs or interests, and we describe the implement of a web site on A3 by using XSLT. Web sites/applications built on A3 construct user ontologies for each user automatically and share them between sites/applications. Each site/application uses the user ontology to select an appropriate resource for the user and to present such resources in a suitable form. And A3 offers the method for constructing the adaptable web sites using XSLT. The author of web sites can easily make their sites adaptable by using XSLT.
Internet delivery of meteorological and oceanographic data in wide area naval usage environments
Authors: Udaykiran Katikaneni, Roy Ladner, Frederick E. Petry
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

Access and retrieval of meteorological and oceanographic data from heterogeneous sources in a distributed system presents many issues. Effective bandwidth utilization is important for any distributed system. In addition, specific issues need to be addressed in order to assimilate spatio-temporal data from multiple sources. These issues include resolution of differences in datum, map-projection and time coordinate. Reduction in the complexity of data formats is a significant factor for fostering interoperability. Simplification of training is important to promote usage of the distributed system. We describe techniques that revolutionize Web-based delivery of meteorological and oceanographic data to address needs of the Naval/Marine user.
Query and content suggestion based on latent interest and topic class
Authors: Noriaki Kawaeme, Hideaki Suzuki, Osamu Mizuno
Venue: WWW
Year: 2004

To improve the process of user information retrieval, we propose the concept of a latent semantic map (LSM), along with a method of generating this map. The novel aspect of the LSM is that it can archive user models and latent semantic analysis on one map to support instantaneous information retrieval. With this characteristic, the LSM can improve search engines in terms of not only user support but also search results.