OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
An analysis of search engine switching behavior using click streams
Authors: Yun-Fang Juan, Chi-Chao Chang
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

In this paper, we propose a simple framework to characterize the switching behavior between search engines based on click streams. We segment users into a number of categories based on their search engine usage during two adjacent time periods and construct the transition probability matrix across these usage categories. The principal eigenvector of the transposed transition probability matrix represents the limiting probabilities, which are proportions of users in each usage category at steady state. We experiment with this framework using click streams focusing on two search engines: one with a large market share and the other with a small market share. The results offer interesting insights into search engine switching. The limiting probabilities provide empirical evidence that small engines can still retain its fair share of users over time.
Designing learning services: from content-based to activity-based learning systems
Authors: Pythagoras Karampiperis, Demetrios G. Sampson
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

The need for e-learning systems that support a diverse set of pedagogical requirements has been identified as an important issue in web-based education. Until now, significant R&D effort has been devoted aiming towards web-based educational systems tailored to specific pedagogical approaches. The most advanced of them are based on the IEEE Learning Technology Systems Architecture and use standardized content structuring based on the ADL Sharable Content Object Reference Model in order to enable sharing and reusability of the learning content. However, sharing of learning activities among different web-based educational systems still remains an open issue. The open question is how web-based educational systems should be designed in order to enable reusing and repurposing of learning activities. In this paper we propose an authoring system, refered to as ASK-LDT that utilizes the Learning Design principles to provide the means for designing activity-based learning services and systems.
Learning how to learn with web contents
Authors: Akihiro Kashihara, Shinobu Hasegawa
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Learning Web contents requires learners not only to navigate the Web pages to construct their own knowledge from the contents learned at and between the pages, but also to control their own navigation and knowledge construction processes. However, it is not so easy to control the learning processes. The main issue addressed is how to help learners learn how to learn with Web contents. This paper discusses how to design a meta-learning tool.
A quality framework for web site quality: user satisfaction and quality assurance
Authors: Brian Kelly, Richard T. Vidgen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Web site developers need to use of standards and best practices to ensure that Web sites are functional, accessible and interoperable. However many Web sites fail to achieve such goals. This short paper describes how a Web site quality assessment method (E-Qual) might be used in conjunction with a quality assurance framework (QA Focus) to provide a rounded view of Web site quality that takes account of end user and developer perspectives.
Web services considered harmful?
Authors: Rohit Khare, Jeff Barr, Mark Baker, Adam Bosworth, Tim Bray, Jeffery McManus
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

It has been estimated that all of the Web Services specifications and proposals ("WS-*") weigh in at several thousand pages by now. At the same time, their predecessor technologies such as XML-RPC have developed alongside other "grassroots" technologies like RSS. This debate has arguably even risen to the architectural level, contrasting "service-oriented architectures" with REST-based architectural styles. Unfortunately, the multiple overlapping specifications, standards bodies, and vendor strategies tend to obscure the very real successes of providing machine-automatable services over the Web today. This panel asks: Are current community processes for developing, debating, and adopting Web Services are helping or hindering the adoption of Web Services technology? URL: <http://labs.commerce.net/wiki/images/1/19/CN-TR-04-05.pdf.
An environment for collaborative content acquisition and editing by coordinated ubiquitous devices
Authors: Yutaka Kidawara, Tomoyuki Uchiyama, Katsumi Tanaka
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Digital content is not only stored by servers on the Internet, but also on various embedded devices belonging to ubiquitous networks. In this paper, we propose a content processing mechanism for use in an environment enabling collaborative acquisition of embedded digital content in real-world situations. We have developed a network management device that makes it possible to acquire embedded content using coordinated ubiquitous devices. The management device actively configures a network that includes content-providing devices and browsing devices to permit sharing of various items with digital content. We also developed a Functional web mechanism for processing embedded web content in the real-world without a keyboard. This mechanism adds various functions to conventional web content. These functions are activated by messages from a Field in a content processing device. We construct a practical prototype system, which is simple enough for children to use, that we called the "Virtual Insect Catcher". Through a test with 48 children, we demonstrated that this system can be used to acquire embedded web content, retrieve related content from the Internet, and then create new web content. We will also describe the proposed mechanism and the system testing.
Topic segmentation of message hierarchies for indexing and navigation support
Authors: Jong Wook Kim, K. Selçuk Candan, Mehmet Emin Dönderler
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Message hierarchies in web discussion boards grow with new postings. Threads of messages evolve as new postings focus within or diverge from the original themes of the threads. Thus, just by investigating the subject headings or contents of earlier postings in a message thread, one may not be able to guess the contents of the later postings. The resulting navigation problem is further compounded for blind users who need the help of a screen reader program that can provide only a linear representation of the content. We see that, in order to overcome the navigation obstacle for blind as well as sighted users, it is essential to develop techniques that help identify how the content of a discussion board grows through generalizations and specializations of topics. This knowledge can be used in segmenting the content in coherent units and guiding the users through segments relevant to their navigational goals. Our experimental results showed that the segmentation algorithm described in this paper provides up to 80-85% success rate in labeling messages. The algorithm is being deployed in a software system to reduce the navigational load of blind students in accessing web-based electronic course materials; however, we note that the techniques are equally applicable for developing web indexing and summarization tools for users with sight.
Web page marker: a web browsing support system based on marking and anchoring
Authors: Takahiro Koga, Noriharu Tashiro, Tadachika Ozono, Takayuki Ito, Toramatsu Shintani
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

In this paper, we propose a web browsing support system, called WPM, which provides marking and anchoring functions on ordinary web browsers. WPM users can mark words and phrases on web pages by using their browsers without any extra plug-ins like similar systems, and can anchor words to refer them later. WPM makes it possible to carry out marking to the existing Web page so that marking carried out to paper. By changing character decoration partially, the text is indicated by emphasis and improve readability. WPM is implemented using proxy agent. This system can be used in everyday browsing, without a user being conscious of a system by using a proxy.
Enhancing the privacy of web-based communication
Authors: Aleksandra Korolova, Ayman Farahat, Philippe Golle
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

A profiling adversary is an adversary whose goal is to classify a population of users into categories according to messages they exchange. This adversary models the most common privacy threat against web based communication.We propose a new encryption scheme, called stealth encryption, that protects users from profiling attacks by concealing the semantic content of plaintext while preserving its grammatical structure and other non-semantic linguistic features, such as word frequency distribution. Given English plaintext, stealth encryption produces ciphertext that cannot efficiently be distinguished from normal English text (our techniques apply to other languages as well).
SLL: running my web services on your WS platforms
Authors: Donald Kossmann, Christian Reichel
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Today, the choice for a particular programming language limits the alternative products that can be used to deploy the program. For instance, a Java program must be executed using a Java VM. This limitation is particularly harmful for the emergence of a new programming paradigm like SOA and Web Services because platforms for new innovative programming languages are typically not as stable and mature as the established platforms for traditional programming paradigms. The purpose of this work is to break the strong ties between programming languages and runtime environments and thus make it possible to innovate at both ends independently. Thereby, the specific focus is on Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures; focusing on this domain makes it possible to achieve this goal with affordable efforts. The key idea is to introduce a Service Language Layer (SLL) which gives a high-level abstraction of a service-oriented program and which can easily and efficiently be executed on alternative Web Services platforms.
Consistency checking of UML model diagrams using the XML semantics approach
Authors: Yasser Kotb, Takuya Katayama
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

A software design is often modeled as a collection of unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. There are different aspects of the software system that are covered by many different UML diagrams. This leads for big risk that the overall specification of the system becomes inconsistent and incompleteness. This inherits the necessary to check the consistency between these related UML diagrams. In addition, as the software system gets evolution, those diagrams get modified that leads again to possible inconsistency and incompleteness between the different versions of these diagrams. In this paper, we plan to employ our previous novel XML semantics approach, which proposed for checking the semantic consistency of XML documents using attribute grammar techniques, to check the consistency of UML diagrams. The key idea here is translating the UML diagrams to its equivalent XMI documents. Then checking the consistency of these XMI documents, they are special forms of XML, by employing them to our previous XML semantics approach.
Online curriculum on the semantic Web: the CSD-UoC portal for peer-to-peer e-learning
Authors: Dimitris Kotzinos, Sofia Pediaditaki, Apostolos Apostolidis, Nikolaos Athanasis, Vassilis Christophides
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Online Curriculum Portals aim to support networks of instructors and learners by providing a space of convergence for enhancing peer-to-peer learning interactions among individuals of an educational institution. To this end, effective, open and scalable e-learning systems are required to acquire, store, and share knowledge under the form of learning objects (LO). In this paper, we are interested in exploiting the semantic relationships that characterize these LOs (e.g., prerequisite, part-of or see-also) in order to capture and access individual and group knowledge in conjunction with the learning processes supported by educational institutions. To achieve this functionality, Semantic Web (e.g., RDF/s) and declarative query languages (e.g., RQL) are employed to represent LOs and their relationships (e.g., LOM), as well as, to support navigation at the conceptual e-learning Portal space. In this way, different LOs could be presented to the same learners, according to the traversed schema navigation paths (i.e., learning paths). Using the Apache Jetspeed framework we are able to generate and assemble at run-time portlets (i.e., pluggable web components) for visualizing personalized views as dynamic web pages. Last but not least, both learners and instructors can employ the same Portal GUI for updating semantically described LOs and thus support an open-ended continuum of learning. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented in this paper is the first Online Curriculum Portal platform supporting the aforementioned functionality.
An economic model of the worldwide web
Authors: Georgios Kouroupas, Elias Koutsoupias, Christos H. Papadimitriou, Martha Sideri
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

We believe that much novel insight into the worldwide web can be obtained from taking into account the important fact that it is created, used, and run by selfish optimizing agents: users, document authors, and search engines. On-going theoretical and experimental analysis of a simple abstract model of www creation and search based on user utilities illustrates this point: We find that efficiency is higher when the utilities are more clustered, and that power-law statistics of document degrees emerge very naturally in this context. More importantly, our work sets up many more elaborate questions, related, e.g., to www search algorithms seen as author incentives, to search engine spam, and to search engine quality and competition.
ATMEN: a triggered network measurement infrastructure
Authors: Balachander Krishnamurthy, Harsha V. Madhyastha, Oliver Spatscheck
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Web performance measurements and availability tests have been carried out using a variety of infrastructures over the last several years. Disruptions in the Internet can lead to Web sites being unavailable or increase user-perceived latency. The unavailability could be due to DNS, failures in segments of the physical network cutting off thousands of users, or attacks. Prompt reactions to network-wide events can be facilitated by local or remote measurement and monitoring. Better yet, a distributed set of intercommunicating measurement and monitoring entities that react to events dynamically could go a long way to handle disruptions.We have designed and built ATMEN, a triggered measurement infrastructure to communicate and coordinate across various administrative entities. ATMEN nodes can trigger new measurements, query ongoing passive measurements or historical measurements stored on remote nodes, and coordinate the responses to make local decisions. ATMEN reduces wasted measurements by judiciously reusing measurements along three axes: spatial, temporal, and application.We describe the use of ATMEN for key Web applications such as performance based ranking of popular Web sites and availability of DNS servers on which most Web transactions are dependent. The evaluation of ATMEN is done using multiple network monitoring entities called Gigascopes installed across the USA, measurement data of a popular network application involving millions of users distributed across the Internet, and scores of clients to aid in gathering measurement information upon demand. Our results show that such a system can be built in a scalable fashion.
A comprehensive comparative study on term weighting schemes for text categorization with support vector machines
Authors: Man Lan, Chew Lim Tan, Hwee-Boon Low, Sam Yuan Sung
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Term weighting scheme, which has been used to convert the documents as vectors in the term space, is a vital step in automatic text categorization. In this paper, we conducted comprehensive experiments to compare various term weighting schemes with SVM on two widely-used benchmark data sets. We also presented a new term weighting scheme tf-rf to improve the term's discriminating power. The controlled experimental results showed that this newly proposed tf-rf scheme is significantly better than other widely-used term weighting schemes. Compared with schemes related with tf factor alone, the idf factor does not improve or even decrease the term's discriminating power for text categorization.
The semantic webscape: a view of the semantic web
Authors: Juhnyoung Lee, Richard Goodwin
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

It has been a few years since the semantic Web was initiated by W3C, but its status has not been quantitatively measured. It is crucial to understand the status at this early stage, for researchers, developers and administrators to gain insight into what will come in this field. The objective of our work is to quantitatively measure and present the status of the semantic Web. We conduct a longitudinal study on the semantic Web pages to track trends in the use of semantic markup languages. This paper presents early results of this study with two historical data sets from October 2003 and October 2004. Our results show that while it is very early stage of semantic Web adoption, its growth outpaces that of the entire Web for the period. Also, RDF (Resource Description Framework) has dominated among semantic markup languages, taking about 98% of all semantic pages on the Web. It has been used in a variety of metadata annotation applications. This study shows that the most popular application is RSS (RDF Site Summary) for syndicating news and blogs, which takes more than 60% of all semantic Web pages. It also shows that the use of OWL (Web Ontology Language) which was recommended by W3C in early 2004 has been increased 900% for the period.
Automatic identification of user goals in Web search
Authors: Uichin Lee, Zhenyu Liu, Junghoo Cho
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

There has been recent interests in studying the "goal" behind a user's Web query, so that this goal can be used to improve the quality of a search engine's results. Previous studies have mainly focused on using manual query-log investigation to identify Web query goals. In this paper we study whether and how we can automate this goal-identification process. We first present our results from a human subject study that strongly indicate the feasibility of automatic query-goal identification. We then propose two types of features for the goal-identification task: user-click behavior and anchor-link distribution. Our experimental evaluation shows that by combining these features we can correctly identify the goals for 90% of the queries studied.
Improving understanding of website privacy policies with fine-grained policy anchors
Authors: Stephen E. Levy, Carl Gutwin
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Website privacy policies state the ways that a site will use personal identifiable information (PII) that is collected from fields and forms in web-based transactions. Since these policies can be complex, machine-readable versions have been developed that allow automatic comparison of a site's privacy policy with a user's privacy preferences. However, it is still difficult for users to determine the cause and origin of conformance conflicts, because current standards operate at the page level - they can only say that there is a conflict on the page, not where the conflict occurs or what causes it. In this paper we describe fine-grained policy anchors, an extension to the way a website implements the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P), that solves this problem. Fine grained policy anchors enable field-level comparisons of policy and preference, field-specific conformance displays, and faster access to additional conformance information. We built a prototype user agent based on these extensions and tested it with representative users. We found that fine-grained anchors do help users understand how privacy policy relates to their privacy preferences, and where and why conformance conflicts occur.
Focused crawling by exploiting anchor text using decision tree
Authors: Jun Li, Kazutaka Furuse, Kazunori Yamaguchi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Focused crawlers are considered as a promising way to tackle the scalability problem of topic-oriented or personalized search engines. To design a focused crawler, the choice of strategy for prioritizing unvisited URLs is crucial. In this paper, we propose a method using a decision tree on anchor texts of hyperlinks. We conducted experiments on the real data sets of four Japanese universities and verified our approach.
Hubble: an advanced dynamic folder system for XML
Authors: Ning Li, Joshua Hui, Hui-I Hsiao, Kevin S. Beyer
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Organizing large document collections for finding information easily and quickly has always been an important user requirement. This paper describes a flexible and powerful dynamic folder technology, called Hubble, which exploits XML semantics to precisely categorize XML documents into categories or folders.
Clustering for probabilistic model estimation for CF
Authors: Qing Li, Byeong Man Kim, Sung-Hyon Myaeng
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Based on the type of collaborative objects, a collaborative filtering (CF) system falls into one of two categories: item-based CF and user-based CF. Clustering is the basic idea in both cases, where users or items are classified into user groups where users share similar preference or item groups where items have similar attributes or characteristics. Observing the fact that in user-based CF each user community is characterized by a Gaussian distribution on the ratings for each item and the fact that in item-based CF the ratings of each user in item community satisfy a Gaussian distribution, we propose a method of probabilistic model estimation for CF, where objects (user or items) are classified into groups based on the content information and ratings at the same time and predictions are made considering the Gaussian distribution of ratings. Experiments on a real-world data set illustrate that our approach is favorable.
Finding the search engine that works for you
Authors: Kin F. Li, Wei Yu, Shojiro Nishio, Yali Wang
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

A search engine evaluation model that considers over seventy performance and feature parameters is presented. The design of a web-based system that allows the user to tailor the model to his/her own preference, and to evaluate search engines of interest, is introduced. The results presented to the user identify the most suitable search engine that suits his/her needs.
Association search in semantic web: search + inference
Authors: Bangyong Liang, Jie Tang, Juan-Zi Li
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

Association search is to search for certain instances in semantic web and then make inferences from and about the instances we have found. In this paper, we propose the problem of association search and our preliminary solution for it using Bayesian network. We first minutely define the association search and its categorization. We then define tasks in association search. In terms of Bayesian network, we take ontology taxonomy as network structure in Bayesian network. We use the query log of instances to estimate the network parameters. After the Bayesian network is constructed, we give the solution for association search in the network.
An information extraction engine for web discussion forums
Authors: Hanny Yulius Limanto, Nguyen Ngoc Giang, Vo Tan Trung, Jun Zhang, Qi He, Quang Huy Nguyen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2005

In this poster, we present an information extraction engine for web-based forums. The engine analyzes the HTML files crawled from web forums, deduces the wrapper (template) of the pages and extracts the information about posts (e.g., author, title, content, number of replies and views, etc.). Extraction is an important module for forum search engine, since it helps to understand the content of a forum HTML page and facilitates ranking during retrieval. We discuss the system architecture of the extraction engine in the context of a forum search engine and present various components in the extraction engine. We also introduce briefly the extraction process and discuss some implementation issues.