OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
TeleWeb: Loosely Connected Access to the World Wide Web
Authors: Bill N. Schilit, Fred Douglis, David M. Kristol, Paul Krzyzanowski, James Sienicki, John A. Trotter
Venue: WWW
Year: 1996

Abstract The development of the World Wide Web (WWW) has made people reliant on continuous, high-speed, low-cost networks in order to get work done. Ideally, one should be able to browse the Web anytime, anywhere, whether connected to such a network or not. This paper describes the design of TeleWeb, a system we are building to support this goal. We believe that fine-grained cost control is crucial and have developed a “reactive architecture” that supports user-specified adaptation under various operating conditions. There are four key features to TeleWeb's architecture: costs are made visible to the user through annotated HTML; budget monitoring warns the user when operations exceed pre-specified limits; actions may be postponed and later triggered when conditions are met; and finally, user customization and system configuration values may automatically adapt according to the changing conditions of use. These mechanisms work together to provide an asynchronous, email-style of browsing in which users can work disconnected from a cache of documents, or trade off communication cost against information needs.
Responsive Interaction for a Large Web Application: The Meteor Shower Architecture in the WebWriter II Editor
Authors: Arturo Crespo, Bay-Wei Chang, Eric A. Bier
Venue: WWW
Year: 1997

Traditional server-based web applications allow access to server-hosted resources, but often exhibit poor responsiveness due to server load and network delays. Client-side web applications, on the other hand, provide excellent interactivity at the expense of limited access to server resources. The WebWriter II Editor, a direct manipulation HTML editor that runs in a web browser, uses both server-side and client-side processing in order to achieve the advantages of both. In particular, this editor downloads the document data structure to the browser and performs all operations locally. The user interface is based on HTML frames and includes individual frames for previewing the document and displaying general and specific control panels. All editing is done by JavaScript code residing in roughly twenty HTML pages that are downloaded into these frames as needed. Such a client-server architecture, based on frames, client-side data structures, and multiple JavaScript-enhanced HTML pages appears promising for a wide variety of applications. This paper describes this architecture, the Meteor Shower Application Architecture, and its use in the WebWriter II Editor.
AHA: Audio HTML Access
Authors: Frankie James
Venue: WWW
Year: 1997

Abstract This report discusses the “AHA” system for presenting HTML in audio for blind users and others who wish to access the WWW non-visually. AHA is a framework and set of suggestions for HTML presentation based on an initial experiment. Further experimentation and further revisions will be performed with the system.
Integrating Query Expansion and Conceptual Relevance Feedback for Personalized Web Information Retrieval
Authors: Chia-Hui Chang, Ching-Chi Hsu
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

Keyword based querying has been an immediate and efficient way to specify and retrieve related information that the user inquired. However, conventional document ranking based on an automatic assessment of document relevance to the query may not be the best approach when little information is given. In this poster, we propose an idea to integrate two existing techniques: query expansion and relevance feedback to achieve a concept-based information search for the Web.
Efficient Crawling Through URL Ordering
Authors: Junghoo Cho, Hector Garcia-Molina, Lawrence Page
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

In this paper we study in what order a crawler should visit the URLs it has seen, in order to obtain more "important" pages first. Obtaining important pages rapidly can be very useful when a crawler cannot visit the entire Web in a reasonable amount of time. We define several importance metrics, ordering schemes, and performance evaluation measures for this problem. We also experimentally evaluate the ordering schemes on the Stanford University Web. Our results show that a crawler with a good ordering scheme can obtain important pages significantly faster than one without.
Database Querying on the World Wide Web: UniGuide, an Object-Relational Search Engine for Australian Universities
Authors: Carlos F. Enguix
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

Abstract The World Wide Web can be considered to be a huge semi-structured database that can provide us with a vast amount of information. Existing Web search techniques have significant deficiencies with respect to robustness, flexibility and precision. The purpose of this research is to develop a domain-centred alternative to keyword and subject directory search engines. The specific domain being considered for the prototype implementation is that of Australian universities including all the internal entities that belong to each university such as faculties, departments, research centres, etc. that is available on the Web. By modelling the ontology of this particular domain using an object-relational data model and restructuring the Web data using an object-relational database, structured queries can be issued against this database in a fashion that current search engines do not provide.
Facilitating Complex Web Queries Through Visual User Interfaces and Query Relaxation
Authors: Wen-Syan Li, Junho Shim
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

The World Wide Web can be viewed as a collection of multimedia documents in the form of HTML pages connected through hyperlinks. We have designed and implemented a Web query system, WebDB, to support more comprehensive database-like query functionalities. WebDB supports queries on not only document level information (e.g. title, URL, keywords) but also intra-document structures (e.g. tables, forms, and images) and inter-document linkage information (e.g. URLs and anchors) To provide higher usability for a system with such functionalities, we have designed a novel visual user interface, WebIFQ (Web In-Frame-Query), to assist users in specifying queries and visualizing query criteria including document metadata, structures, and linkage information. WebIFQ automatically generates corresponding query statements for WebDB. As a result, users are not required to be aware of underlying complex schema design and language syntax. WebDB supports automated query relaxation to include additional terms related by semantic or co-occurrence relationship. Alternatively, WebIFQ can facilitate users to reformulate queries perpetually in an interactive mode.
Collaborative Value Filtering on the Web
Authors: Gerard Rodríguez-Mulà, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

Today''s Internet search engines help users locate information based on the textual similarity of a query and potential documents. Given the large number of documents available, the user often finds too many documents, and even if the textual similarity is high, in many cases the matching documents are not relevant or of interest. Our goal is to explore other ways to decide if documents are "of value" to the user, i.e., to perform what we call "value filtering." In particular, we would like to capture access information that may tell us-within limits of privacy concerns-which user groups are accessing what data, and how frequently. This information can then guide users, for example, helping identify information that is popular, or that may have helped others before. This is a type of collaborative filtering or community-based navigation. Access information can either be gathered by the servers that provide the information, or by the clients themselves. Tracing accesses at servers is simple, but often information providers are not willing to share this information. We therefore are exploring client-side gathering. Companies like Alexa are currently using client gathering in the large. We are studying client gathering at a much smaller scale, where a small community of users with shared interest collectively track their information accesses. For this, we have developed a proxy system called the Knowledge Sharing System (KSS) that monitors the behavior of a community of users. Through this system we hope to: 1. Develop mechanisms for sharing browsing expertise among a community of users; and 2. Better understand the access patterns of a group of people with common interests, and develop good schemes for sharing this information.
Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM): Metadata for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval
Authors: Stuart A. Sutton
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

Abstract Enhanced access to educational materials on the Internet for the nation's teachers and students is one of President Clinton's second-term goals. In pursuit of this goal, the National Library of Education 2 (NLE) identified lesson plans and teacher guides as a critical area in which library and information science expertise should be applied in order to improve the organization and accessibility of large collections of educational materials that are already available on various federal, state, university, non-profit, and commercial Internet sites. The U.S. Department of Education 3 and the NLE charged the ERIC Clearinghouse on Information and Technology 4 at Syracuse University with the task of spearheading a project to develop an operational framework to provide the nation's teachers with “one-stop/any-stop” access to this vast pool of educational materials. The goal of the Gateway to Educational Materials 5 project (GEM) is to achieve this goal through development and deployment of a metadata element set and accompanying procedures for its use.
Performance Study of a Collaborative Method for Hierarchical Caching in Proxy Servers
Authors: Philip S. Yu, Edward A. MacNair
Venue: WWW
Year: 1998

With the increasing popularity of the World Wide Web, it is desirable to store copies of popular documents in client and proxy caches and thus reduce the network delay times for URL requests. In this paper we study the caching problem for Web documents in a hierarchy of collaborating proxy servers. Specifically, the focus of our work is to reduce duplicate caching between a proxy and its parent or higher level proxies in the hierarchy when making a caching decision. A collaboration protocol passes caching decision information along with the object to the next lower level proxy to facilitate its caching decision. We analyze the performance of the collaborative method and the conventional method by means of event driven simulation. The collaborative approach is found to provide a much more effective use of the caching resource. Various sensitivity analyses have been conducted. This result is found to be relatively insensitive to the nature of the workloads.
Sustaining Technologies? Agenda 21 and UK Local Authorities' Use of the World Wide Web
Authors: J. Bullard
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

The Agenda 21 treaty adopted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development set out new goals for the provision and management of information in a sustainable society. New information and communications technologies (ICTs) have the potential to be used as tools for managing information and consequently have a role in sustainable development. This paper considers the use of ICTs to manage local information areas and the extent to which these new technologies are compatible with the broader goals of Agenda 21 such as social inclusion and public participation in decision making. The use of the World Wide Web by local authorities in the UK to manage local information and promote Agenda 21 is explored through a critique of website contents. It is concluded that, although the use of ICTs is not incompatible with the broader aims of Agenda 21, and has many possible positive applications, current use of the World Wide Web by local government in the UK does not yet fulfil this potential.
Using Quasi Real-Time Data from the World-Wide Web
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

"Using Quasi Real-Time Data from the World-Wide Web." Journal of Geoscience Education, 48(5), pp. 597–598
Peyotism and the Native American Church
Authors: Phillip White
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

<JATS1:p>The largest religion begun, organized, and directed by and for Native Americans, Peyotism includes the use of peyote in its ceremonies. As a sacred plant of divine origin, peyote use was well established in religious rituals in pre-Columbian Mexico. Toward the end of the 19th century Peyotism spread to the Indians of Texas and the Southwest, and it spread rapidly in the United States after the subsidence of the Ghost Dance. It persists today among Native Americans in Northern Mexico, the United States, and Southern Canada. Possibly because of the controversy over peyote use, a lot has been written about the Native American Church. This bibliography provides a useful guide for scholars, students, and Native Americans who want to research Peyotism.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>The bibliography includes books and book chapters, master's theses, Ph.D. dissertations, magazine and journal articles, conference papers, museum publications, U.S. government publications, audiovisual materials, and World Wide Web sites. In addition, it includes selected articles from newspapers, law reviews, medical and psychiatric journals, and scientific journals that provide information on Peyotism. A valuable research guide, the bibliography will help to provide a greater understanding of the history, ceremonies, and significance of the pan-Indian religion.</JATS1:p>
Proceedings of the ACL-2000 workshop on Word senses and multi-linguality - Volume 8
Authors: Nancy Ide
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

With an increasingly global economy and the explosive growth of the in World Wide Web, the computational linguistics community is faced as never before with the challenges and opportunities of mulfi-linguality. At the same time, the community has returned with renewed enthusiasm to problems of word meaning, especially the delineation and discrimination of word senses. An intimate relationship between the two issues is becoming apparent - for example, in the consideration of translation equivalence in parallel corpora, the construction of mullilingual ontologies, and the examination of senses in relation to specific natural language applications such as machine translation, information retrieval, summarization, etc. The issue of multi-lingual approaches to sense distinctions was also a central topic of discussion at the first SENSEVAL conference in 1998, and is one of the areas to be covered at SENSEVAL-2 (to be held in Spnng 2001).This workshop addresses problems of word sense disambiguation and delineation of appropriate sense distinctions, with specific emphasis on approaches that involve more than one language and the ways in which observations about cross-linguistic equivalence affect our consideration of sense divisions in the individual languages. More generally, we seek to foster discussion and exchanges of insight in any area of computational linguistics where a non-monolingual approach to word sense issues is being taken.
The shifting information landscape: re-inventing the wheel or a whole new frontier for librarians
Authors: G. Cheng
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

A plenary paper given at STRAIT to the future, 8th Asia-Pacific Specials, Health and Law Librarians Conference, Hobart, 22–26 August 1999The explosive growth and overwhelming use of World Wide web resources have led to the often misguided, but understandable belief that one can find any information on the web. In business, direct marketing on the web has produced big success stories in sales and marketing which have led to the conclusion that the long-foreshadowed process of ‘dis-intermediation’ has begun.
Wisdom from ASCE Construction Congress VI
Authors: Bill Badger
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

This article is the third in a series on wisdom in construction management. The goal of this paper is to identify the wisdom observed at the Construction Congress VI Conference in Orlando, Florida, whose theme was Building Together for a Better Tomorrow in an Increasingly Complex World. It was made clear that if researchers to not keep their work simple, it will not be used by industry. Some authors addressed the capabilities of the World Wide Web as the critical communication link with the players on construction projects. Faculties are developing Web-based simulation models that students may use to manage construction and make decisions. Four-dimensional computer-aided design was discussed in many papers, while many others discussed computer and new software uses. Twenty tables present the following topic groupings: construction modeling, construction simulation, electronic communications, construction education, quality of design and construction, sustainable development, business and management strategies, design-build delivery, safety in construction, lean construction, construction of advanced technology facilities, construction of foundations and earthwork, productivity, build-operate-transfer, residential construction, engineering performance, invited papers, specialty construction, additional papers, and practice-oriented papers.
PCR primer design: an inquiry‐based introduction to bioinformatics on the World Wide Web
Authors: T. D. Kim
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

Abstract A project is described which details the selection of PCR primers for an unknown gene of the Herpes Simplex Virus (Type 1) using tools available on the World Wide Web. Within the context of designing PCR primers, students are introduced to some of the basic tools used in the field of bioinformatics and have the opportunity to further develop the concepts of nucleic acid sequence and structure, based on the analysis of selected nucleotide primers. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB IN THE LEARNING AND TEACHING OF UNIVERSITY LEVEL CHEMISTRY
Authors: P. Yates
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

The potential of the World Wide Web for the presentation of chemical information has been developed and extended to a considerable degree, yet not fully exploited for educational purposes. Some of the reasons for this are the uneven coverage of all degree level topics, the difficulty of finding relevant material and doubts about the quality of some material. Three distinct strategies have started to emerge for the effective use of the World Wide Web in the study of chemistry at university level. The assessment of the use of home written courses in terms of their educational value and cost effectiveness has been determined by means of a questionnaire distributed to the authors of a number of stand-alone chemistry courses. The effectiveness of the use of peer reviewed chemistry resources on the Web has been assessed through personal experience of setting up one such review site through the Web Reviews project. A number of web site “evaluation tools” have been developed, and one of these has been evaluated by applying it to several periodic table sites. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. Eur.: 2000, 1, 129-133]
Handbook of Image and Video Processing
Authors: J. Gibson, A. Bovik
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

If you want to know anything about image and video processing, this book is the place to begin and, probably, to end as well. Encyclopaedic in scale, 58 chapters by 97 contributors are packed into 891 pages. The subject is divided into 10 sections: an introduction, basic image processing techniques, image and video processing, image and video analysis, image compression, video compression, image and video acquisition, image and video rendering and assessment, image and video storage retrieval and communications, and applications of image processing.
Web-enabled technologies assessment and management: critical issues
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

During the past two decades, advances in computer technologies combined with telecommunication technologies have lead to the development of the Internet and its most popular application, the World Wide Web. Like many other technologies, the WWW has not been free of problems and challenges. A Delphi technique was utilized to assess a list of issues identified in the existing literature. In addition to this list, the panel of experts who participated in the Delphi study identified other critical issues and eventually ranked them in their order of priority and importance. The critical issue identified in this study provides closer insights into issues affecting the overall utilization and management of Web-enabled technologies and offers many implications and challenges for businesses, governments, and the user community.
Web‐based interactive dynamics for color models learning
Authors: A. Frery, C. Melo, R. Fernandes
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

A World Wide Web (WWW) based tool for the learning of color models is presented, along with a methodology of use. The system was developed in Java, allowing its remote use and a high degree of interaction with the user. It shows two color systems (RGB and HSB), users choose their position relative to the solids that define the system and, positioning control points, define the section of the solid to be designed. Both the system and the methodology are desktop-oriented, and are low-to-moderately demanding in terms of both hardware and software. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 435–441, 2000
Clipping coupons in cyberspace: A proposed model of behavior for deal‐prone consumers
Authors: D. Fortin
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

The use of cents-off coupons by consumers is a widespread phenomenon and is well documented in the marketing literature. Recently, coupons have become available in electronic form on the World Wide Web. This article introduces an adaptation of the theory of planned behavior applied to coupon usage that encapsulates both traditional and electronic environments. A careful review of the couponing literature is presented, along with a proposed theoretical framework. A methodology for empirical verification is suggested and managerial implications are discussed, along with avenues for further research. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The five stages of customizing Web-based mass information systems
Venue: WWW
Year: 2000

Web-enabled standard software for electronic commerce incorporating adaptive components will reduce the barriers between productive data processing and dispositive data processing like market analysis, Web-tracking, or data warehouses. A conceptual research framework for analyzing the evolution of electronic markets as well as their business ecosystem represents the foundation of a document-oriented modeling technique for analyzing and designing (adaptive) Web-based Mass Information Systems. A Java prototype based on this meta-model is presented which supports cooperative efforts of academic research, IS departments, top-level management, and functional units to map and classify individual and aggregated customer behavior. The symbolic visualization of user clickstreams based on this analysis is intended to streamline the decision processes necessary for implementing, updating and maintaining complex Web-enabled applications.