OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Geographically focused collaborative crawling
Authors: Weizheng Gao, Hyun Chul Lee, Yingbo Miao
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

A collaborative crawler is a group of crawling nodes, in which each crawling node is responsible for a specific portion of the web. We study the problem of collecting geographi-cally-aware pages using collaborative crawling strategies. We first propose several collaborative crawling strategies for the geographically focused crawling, whose goal is to collect web pages about specified geographic locations, by considering features like URL address of page, content of page, extended anchor text of link, and others. Later, we propose various evaluation criteria to qualify the performance of such crawling strategies. Finally, we experimentally study our crawling strategies by crawling the real web data showing that some of our crawling strategies greatly outperform the simple URL-hash based partition collaborative crawling, in which the crawling assignments are determined according to the hash-value computation over URLs. More precisely, features like URL address of page and extended anchor text of link are shown to yield the best overall performance for the geographically focused crawling.
Web based device independent mobile map applications.: the m-CHARTIS system
Authors: John D. Garofalakis, Michail Theofanis-Aristofanis, Athanasios Plessas
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

A map is one of the most useful media in disseminating spatial information. As mobile devices are becoming increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, new possibilities to access map information are created. However, mobile devices still face severe constraints that limit the possibilities that a mobile map application may offer. We present the m-CHARTIS system, a device independent mobile map application that enables mobile users to access map information from their device.
Integrating semantic web and language technologies to improve the online public administrations services
Authors: Marta Gatius, Meritxell González, Sheyla Militello, Pablo Hernández
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper, we describe how domain ontologies are used in a dialogue system guiding the user to access web public administration contents. The current implementation of the system supports speech (through the telephone) and text mode in different languages (English, Spanish, Catalan and Italian).
XPath filename expansion in a Unix shell
Authors: Kaspar Giger, Erik Wilde
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Locating files based on file system structure, file properties, and maybe even file contents is a core task of the user interface of operating systems. By adapting XPath's power to the environment of a Unix shell, it is possible to greatly increase the expressive power of the command line language. We present a concept for integrating an XPath view of the file system into a shell, the emphXPath Shell (XPsh), which can be used to find files based on file attributes and contents in a very flexible way. The syntax of the command line language is backwards compatible with traditional shells, and the new XPath-based expressions can be easily mastered with a little bit of XPath knowledge.
Towards content trust of web resources
Authors: Yolanda Gil, Donovan Artz
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Trust is an integral part of the Semantic Web architecture. While most prior work focuses on entity-centered issues such as authentication and reputation, it does not model the content, i.e. the nature and use of the information being exchanged. This paper discusses content trust as an aggregate of other trust measures that have been previously studied. The paper introduces several factors that users consider in deciding whether to trust the content provided by a Web resource. Many of these factors are hard to capture in practice, since they would require a large amount of user input. Our goal is to discern which of these factors could be captured in practice with minimal user interaction in order to maximize the system's trust estimates. The paper also describes a simulation environment that we have designed to study alternative models of content trust.
SGSDesigner: a graphical interface for annotating and designing semantic grid services
Authors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Rafael González-Cabero
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper, we describe SGSDesigner, the ODESGS Environment user interface. ODESGS Environment (the realization of the ODESGS Framework [1]) is an environment for supporting both a) the annotation of pre-existing Grid Services (GSs) and b) the design of new complex Semantic Grid Services (SGSs) in a (semi) automatic way.
Ontology-based legal information retrieval to improve the information access in e-government
Authors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Fernando Ortiz-Rodríguez, Boris Villazón-Terrazas
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper, we present EgoIR, an approach for retrieving legal information based on ontologies; this approach has been developed with Legal Ontologies to be deployed within the e-government context.
Effective web-scale crawling through website analysis
Authors: Iván Gonzlez, Adam Marcus, Daniel N. Meredith, Linda A. Nguyen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

The web crawler space is often delimited into two general areas: full-web crawling and focused crawling. We present netSifter, a crawler system which integrates features from these two areas to provide an effective mechanism for web-scale crawling. netSifter utilizes a combination of page-level analytics and heuristics which are applied to a sample of web pages from a given website. These algorithms score individual web pages to determine the general utility of the overall website. In doing so, netSifter can formulate an in-depth opinion of a website (and the entirety of its web pages) with a relative minimum of work. netSifter is then able to bias the future efforts of its crawl towards higher quality websites, and away from the myriad of low quality websites and crawler traps that litter the World Wide Web.
Keynote talk
Authors: Richard Granger
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Richard Granger will be providing an update on the deployment of information technology at a national scale in the NHS in England. Particular topics that will be covered include variability of performance and user organizations and suppliers. Access/channel strategies for NHS users and members of the public. Take-up rates for new technologies including internet adoption. Data on number of users and transactions to date will also be provided.
The web beyond popularity: a really simple system for web scale RSS
Authors: Daniel Gruhl, Daniel N. Meredith, Jan Pieper, Alex Cozzi, Stephen Dill
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Popularity based search engines have served to stagnate information retrieval from the web. Developed to deal with the very real problem of degrading quality within keyword based search they have had the unintended side effect of creating "icebergs" around topics, where only a small minority of the information is above the popularity water-line. This problem is especially pronounced with emerging information--new sites are often hidden until they become popular enough to be considered above the water-line. In domains new to a user this is often helpful--they can focus on popular sites first. Unfortunately it is not the best tool for a professional seeking to keep up-to-date with a topic as it emerges and evolves.We present a tool focused on this audience--a system that addresses the very large scale information gathering, filtering and routing, and presentation problems associated with creating a useful incremental stream of information from the web as a whole. Utilizing the WebFountain platform as the primary data engine and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) as the delivery mechanism, our "Daily Deltas" (Delta) application is able to provide an informative feed of relevant content directly to a user. Individuals receive a personalized, incremental feed of pages related to their topic allowing them to track their interests independent of the overall popularity of the topic.
Verifying genre-based clustering approach to content extraction
Authors: Suhit Gupta, Hila Becker, Gail E. Kaiser, Salvatore J. Stolfo
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

The content of a webpage is usually contained within a small body of text and images, or perhaps several articles on the same page; however, the content may be lost in the clutter, particularly hurting users browsing on small cell phone and PDA screens and visually impaired users relying on speed rendering of web pages. Using the genre of a web page, we have created a solution, Crunch that automatically identifies clutter and removes it, thus leaving a clean content-full page. In order to evaluate the improvement in the applications for this technology, we identified a number of experiments. In this paper, we have those experiments, the associated results and their evaluation.
An ontology for internal and external business processes
Authors: Armin Haller, Eyal Oren, Paavo Kotinurmi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this paper we introduce our multi metamodel process ontology (m3po), which is based on various existing reference models and languages from the workflow and choreography domain. This ontology allows the extraction of arbitrary choreography interface descriptions from arbitrary internal workflow models. We also report on an initial validation: we translate an IBM Websphere MQ Workflow model into the m3po ontology and then extract an Abstract BPEL model from the ontology.
One document to bind them: combining XML, web services, and the semantic web
Authors: Harry Halpin, Henry S. Thompson
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We present a paradigm for uniting the diverse strands of XML-based Web technologies by allowing them to be incorporated within a single document. This overcomes the distinction between programs and data to make XML truly "self-describing." A proposal for a lightweight yet powerful functional XML vocabulary called "Semantic fXML" is detailed, based on the well-understood functional programming paradigm and resembling the embedding of Lisp directly in XML. Infosets are made "dynamic," since documents can now directly embed local processes or Web Services into their Infoset. An optional typing regime for info-sets is provided by Semantic Web ontologies. By regarding Web Services as functions and the Semantic Web as providing types, and tying it all together within a single XML vocabulary, the Web can compute. In this light, the real Web 2.0 can be considered the transformation of the Web from a universal information space to a universal computation space.
Temporal rules for mobile web personalization
Authors: Martin Halvey, Mark T. Keane, Barry Smyth
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Many systems use past behavior, preferences and environmental factors to attempt to predict user navigation on the Internet. However we believe that many of these models have shortcomings, in that they do not take into account that users may have many different sets of preferences. Here we investigate an environmental factor, namely time, in making predictions about user navigation. We present methods for creating temporal rules that describe user navigation patterns. We also show the benefit of using these rules to predict user navigation and also show the benefits of these models over traditional methods. An analysis is carried out on a sample of usage logs for Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) browsing, and the results of this analysis verify our hypothesis.
Text-based video blogging
Authors: Narichika Hamaguchi, Mamoru Doke, Masaki Hayashi, Nobuyuki Yagi
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

A video blogging system has been developed for easily producing your own video programs that can be made available to the public in much the same way that blogs are created. The user merely types a program script on a webpage, the same as creating a blog, selects a direction style, and pastes in some additional material content to create a CG-based video program that can be openly distributed to the general public. The script, direction style, and material content are automatically combined to create a movie file on the server side. The movie file can then be accessed by referring to an RSS feed and viewed on the screens of various devices.
Graphical representation of RDF queries
Authors: Andreas Harth, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Stefan Decker
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

In this poster we discuss a graphical notation for representing queries for semistructured data. We try to strike a balance between expressiveness of the query language and simplicity and understandability of the graphical notation. We present the primitives of the notation by means of examples.
Using graph matching techniques to wrap data from PDF documents
Authors: Tamir Hassan, Robert Baumgartner
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Wrapping is the process of navigating a data source, semi-automatically extracting data and transforming it into a form suitable for data processing applications. There are currently a number of established products on the market for wrapping data from web pages. One such approach is Lixto [1], a product of research performed at our institute.Our work is concerned with extending the wrapping functionality of Lixto to PDF documents. As the PDF format is relatively unstructured, this is a challenging task. We have developed a method to segment the page into blocks, which are represented as nodes in a relational graph. This paper describes our current research in the use of relational matching techniques on this graph to locate wrapping instances.
Examining the content and privacy of web browsing incidental information
Authors: Kirstie Hawkey, Kori M. Inkpen
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

This research examines the privacy comfort levels of participants if others can view traces of their web browsing activity. During a week-long field study, participants used an electronic diary daily to annotate each web page visited with a privacy level. Content categories were used by participants to theoretically specify their privacy comfort for each category and by researchers to partition participants' actual browsing. The content categories were clustered into groups based on the dominant privacy levels applied to the pages. Inconsistencies between participants in their privacy ratings of categories suggest that a general privacy management scheme is inappropriate. Participants' consistency within categories suggests that a personalized scheme may be feasible; however a more fine-grained approach to classification is required to improve results for sites that tend to be general, of multiple task purposes, or dynamic in content.
'e-science and cyberinfrastructure: a middleware perspective'
Authors: Anthony J. G. Hey
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

The Internet was the inspiration of J.C.R.Licklider when he was at the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the 1960's. In those pre-Moore's Law days, Licklider imagined a future in which researchers could access and use computers and data from anywhere in the world. Today, as everyone knows, the killer applications for the Internet were email in the 1970's and the World Wide Web in the 1990's which was developed initially as a collaboration tool for the particle physics academic community. In the future, frontier research in many fields will increasingly require the collaboration of globally distributed groups of researchers needing access to distributed computing, data resources and support for remote access to expensive, multi-national specialized facilities such as telescopes and accelerators or specialist data archives. In the context of science and engineering, this is the 'e-Science' agenda. Robust middleware services deployed on top of research networks will constitute a powerful 'Cyberinfrastructure' for collaborative science and engineering.This talk will review the elements of this vision and describe the present status of efforts to build such an internet-scale distributed infrastructure based on Web Services. The goal is to provide robust middleware components that will allow scientists and engineers to routinely construct the inter-organizational 'Virtual Organizations'. Given the present state of Web Services, we argue for the need to define such Virtual Organization 'Grid' services on well-established Web Service specifications that are widely supported by the IT industry. Only industry can provide the necessary tooling and development environments to enable widespread adoption of such Grid services. Extensions to these basic Grid services can be added as more Web Services mature and the research community has had the opportunity to experiment with new services providing potentially useful new functionalities. The new Cyberinfrastructure will be of relevance to more than just the research community: it will impact both the e-learning and digital library communities allow the creation of scientific 'mash-ups' of services giving significant added value.
Large-scale text categorization by batch mode active learning
Authors: Steven C. H. Hoi, Rong Jin, Michael R. Lyu
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Large-scale text categorization is an important research topic for Web data mining. One of the challenges in large-scale text categorization is how to reduce the human efforts in labeling text documents for building reliable classification models. In the past, there have been many studies on applying active learning methods to automatic text categorization, which try to select the most informative documents for labeling manually. Most of these studies focused on selecting a single unlabeled document in each iteration. As a result, the text categorization model has to be retrained after each labeled document is solicited. In this paper, we present a novel active learning algorithm that selects a batch of text documents for labeling manually in each iteration. The key of the batch mode active learning is how to reduce the redundancy among the selected examples such that each example provides unique information for model updating. To this end, we use the Fisher information matrix as the measurement of model uncertainty and choose the set of documents to effectively maximize the Fisher information of a classification model. Extensive experiments with three different datasets have shown that our algorithm is more effective than the state-of-the-art active learning techniques for text categorization and can be a promising tool toward large-scale text categorization for World Wide Web documents.
An integrated method for social network extraction
Authors: Tom Hope, Takuichi Nishimura, Hideaki Takeda
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

A social network can become bases for information infrastructure in the future. It is important to extract social networks that are not biased. Providing a simple means for users to register their social relation is also important. We propose a method that combines various approaches to extract social networks. Especially, three kinds of networks are extracted; user-registered Know link network, Web-mined Web link network, and face-to-face Touch link network. In this paper, the combination of social network extraction for communities is described, and the analysis on the extracted social networks is shown.
Interactive wrapper generation with minimal user effort
Authors: Utku Irmak, Torsten Suel
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

While much of the data on the web is unstructured in nature, there is also a significant amount of embedded structured data, such as product information on e-commerce sites or stock data on financial sites. A large amount of research has focused on the problem of generating wrappers, i.e., software tools that allow easy and robust extraction of structured data from text and HTML sources. In many applications, such as comparison shopping, data has to be extracted from many different sources, making manual coding of a wrapper for each source impractical. On the other hand, fully automatic approaches are often not reliable enough, resulting in low quality of the extracted data.We describe a complete system for semi-automatic wrapper generation that can be trained on different data sources in a simple interactive manner. Our goal is to minimize the amount of user effort for training reliable wrappers through design of a suitable training interface that is implemented based on a powerful underlying extraction language and a set of training and ranking algorithms. Our experiments show that our system achieves reliable extraction with a very small amount of user effort.
Protecting browser state from web privacy attacks
Authors: Collin Jackson, Andrew Bortz, Dan Boneh, John C. Mitchell
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

Through a variety of means, including a range of browser cache methods and inspecting the color of a visited hyperlink, client-side browser state can be exploited to track users against their wishes. This tracking is possible because persistent, client-side browser state is not properly partitioned on per-site basis in current browsers. We address this problem by refining the general notion of a "same-origin" policy and implementing two browser extensions that enforce this policy on the browser cache and visited links.We also analyze various degrees of cooperation between sites to track users, and show that even if long-term browser state is properly partitioned, it is still possible for sites to use modern web features to bounce users between sites and invisibly engage in cross-domain tracking of their visitors. Cooperative privacy attacks are an unavoidable consequence of all persistent browser state that affects the behavior of the browser, and disabling or frequently expiring this state is the only way to achieve true privacy against colluding parties.
Generating summaries for large collections of geo-referenced photographs
Authors: Alexander Jaffe, Mor Naaman, Tamir Tassa, Marc Davis
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We describe a framework for automatically selecting a summary set of photographs from a large collection of geo-referenced photos. The summary algorithm is based on spatial patterns in photo sets, but can be expanded to support social, temporal, as well as textual-topical factors of the photo set. The summary set can be biased by the user, the content of the user's query, and the context in which the query is made. An initial evaluation on a set of geo-referenced photos shows that our algorithm performs well, producing results that are highly rated by users.
Designing ethical phishing experiments: a study of (ROT13) rOnl query features
Authors: Markus Jakobsson, Jacob Ratkiewicz
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We study how to design experiments to measure the success rates of phishing attacks that are ethical and accurate, which are two requirements of contradictory forces. Namely, an ethical experiment must not expose the participants to any risk; it should be possible to locally verify by the participants or representatives thereof that this was the case. At the same time, an experiment is accurate if it is possible to argue why its success rate is not an upper or lower bound of that of a real attack -- this may be difficult if the ethics considerations make the user perception of the experiment different from the user perception of the attack. We introduce several experimental techniques allowing us to achieve a balance between these two requirements, and demonstrate how to apply these, using a context aware phishing experiment on a popular online auction site which we call "rOnl". Our experiments exhibit a measured average yield of 11% per collection of unique users. This study was authorized by the Human Subjects Committee at Indiana University (Study #05-10306).
Invasive browser sniffing and countermeasures
Authors: Markus Jakobsson, Sid Stamm
Venue: WWW
Year: 2006

We describe the detrimental effects of browser cache/history sniffing in the context of phishing attacks, and detail an approach that neutralizes the threat by means of URL personalization; we report on an implementation performing such personalization on the fly, and analyze the costs of and security properties of our proposed solution.