OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
How a Personal Document's Intended Use or Purpose Affects its Classification in an Office
Authors: Barbara H. Kwasnik
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

This paper reports on one of the findings of a larger case study that attempts to describe how people organize documents in their own offices. In that study, several dimensions along which people make classificatory decisions were identified. Of these, the use to which a document is put emerged as a strong determiner of that document's classification. The method of analysis is reviewed, and examples of different kinds of uses are presented, demonstrating that it is possible to describe a wide variety of specific instances using a closed set of descriptors. The suggestion is made that, in designing systems for organizing materials, it might be advantageous to incorporate information about contextual variables, such as use, since these seem to be particularly important in classification decisions made within personal environments.
A Neural Network for Probabilistic Information Retrieval
Authors: K. L. Kwok
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

This paper demonstrates how a neural network may be constructed, together with learning algorithms and modes of operation, that will provide retrieval effectiveness similar to that of the probabilistic indexing and retrieval model based on single terms as document components.
Full Text Indexing Based on Lexical Relations An Application: Software Libraries
Authors: Yoëlle S. Maarek, Frank A. Smadja
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

In contrast to other kinds of libraries, software libraries need to be conceptually organized. When looking for a component, the main concern of users is the functionality of the desired component; implementation details are secondary. Software reuse would be enhanced with conceptually organized large libraries of software components. In this paper, we present GURU, a tool that allows automatical building of such large software libraries from documented software components. We focus here on GURU's indexing component which extracts conceptual attributes from natural language documentation. This indexing method is based on words' co-occurrences. It first uses EXTRACT, a co-occurrence knowledge compiler for extracting potential attributes from textual documents. Conceptually relevant collocations are then selected according to their resolving power, which scales down the noise due to context words. This fully automated indexing tool thus goes further than keyword-based tools in the understanding of a document without the brittleness of knowledge based tools. The indexing component of GURU is fully implemented, and some results are given in the paper.
Integrated Information Retrieval in a Knowledge Worker Support System
Authors: Gordon McAlpine, Peter Ingwersen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

This paper describes the design of the information retrieval facilities of an integrated information system called EUROMATH. EUROMATH is an example of a Knowledge Worker Support System: it has been designed specifically to support mathematicians in their research work. EUROMATH is required to provide uniform retrieval facilities for searching in a user's personal data, in a shared database of structured documents and in public, bibliographic databases. The design of information retrieval facilities that satisfy these and other requirements posed several interesting design issues regarding the integration of various retrieval techniques. As well as a uniform query language, designed to be highly usable by the target user group, the retrieval facilities provide expert intermediary functions, i.e. sophisticated support for the retrieval of bibliographic data. This support is achieved using a model of the user, a model of the user's information need and a set of search strategies based on those used by human intermediaries. The expert intermediary facilities include extensive help facilities, automatic query reformulation and browsing of a variety of sources of query terms.
An Optical System for Full Text Search
Authors: Pericles A. Mitkas, P. Bruce Berra, Peter S. Guilfoyle
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

In this paper we propose a full text search system based on optics. The storage and processing of the textual data are performed by an optical back-end system to an electronic computer. In this way we can take advantage of the speed and parallelism of digital optical processing. Using the proposed configuration we show how one might implement a set of text processing operations using lasers, spatial light modulators and photodetectors.
Settings and the Setting Structure: The Description and Automated Propagation of Networks for Perusing Videodisk Image States
Authors: Alan P. Parkes
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

This paper describes a system for formally representing spatial relationships between videodisc image states called settings. A number of setting relations are defined, these being based on the manipulations of the camera typically used in the production of the moving film: zooming in or out, panning etc.. An algorithm is presented which, given a limited level of initial specification by a describer, will constrain, where possible, the setting relations holding between all pairs of settings. The resulting network is called the settings structure. The paper begins by placing the settings structure into the context of its being one part of the CLORIS system.
A Library System for Information Retrieval Based on a Cognitive Task Analysis and Supported by an Icon-Based Interface
Authors: Annelise Mark Pejtersen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

Article Free AccessA library system for information retrieval based on a cognitive task analysis and supported by an icon-based interface Author: A. M. Pejtersen FCI Informatics Research Center, 2860 Seborg, Denmark FCI Informatics Research Center, 2860 Seborg, DenmarkView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '89: Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalMay 1989 Pages 40–47https://doi.org/10.1145/75334.75340Published:01 May 1989Publication History 30citation1,192DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads1,192Last 12 Months54Last 6 weeks23 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Retrieval System Evaluation Using Recall and Precision: Problems and Answers
Authors: Vijay V. Raghavan, Peter Bollmann, Gwang S. Jung
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

article Free Access Share on Retrieval system evaluation using recall and precision: problems and answers Authors: V. V. Raghavan The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana,P.O. Box 44330, Lafayette, LA The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana,P.O. Box 44330, Lafayette, LAView Profile , P. Bollmann Technische Universitat Berlin, Fachbereich Informatik, FR 5-l1, Franklinstraβe 28/29, D-1000 Berlin 10 ,West Germany Technische Universitat Berlin, Fachbereich Informatik, FR 5-l1, Franklinstraβe 28/29, D-1000 Berlin 10 ,West GermanyView Profile , G. S. Jung The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana,P.O. Box 44330, Lafayette, LA The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana,P.O. Box 44330, Lafayette, LAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 23Issue SIJune 1989 pp 59–68https://doi.org/10.1145/75335.75342Published:01 May 1989Publication History 11citation1,293DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads1,293Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Towards an Information Logic
Authors: C. J. van Rijsbergen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

'Probability is expectation founded upon partial knowledge.' (Boole, 1854)
On the Application of Syntactic Methodologies in Automatic Text Analysis
Authors: Gerard Salton, Maria Smith
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

This study summarizes various linguistic approaches proposed for document analysis in information retrieval environments. Included are standard syntactic methods to generate complex content identifiers, and the use of semantic know-how obtained from machine-readable dictionaries and from specially constructed knowledge bases. A particular syntactic analysis methodology is also outlined and its usefulness for the automatic construction of book indexes is examined.
In Search of Knowledge-Based Search Tactics
Authors: Philip J. Smith, Steven J. Shute, Deb Galdes, Mark H. Chignell
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

Knowledge-based search tactics are discussed in terms of their role in the functioning of a semantically-based search system for bibliographic information retrieval. This prototype system, EP-X, actively assists users in defining or refining their topics of interest. It does so by applying search tactics to a knowledge-base describing topics in a particular domain and a database describing the contents of individual documents.
A Hypertext Knowledge Base for Primary Care - LIMEDS in LINCKS
Authors: Toomas Timpka, Lin Padgham, Per Hedblom, Stefan Wallin, Gösta Tibblin
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

In organized health care, primary care is the first level. It is characterized by the wide span of health problems managed as well as remote location from traditional medical information and knowledge sources. The LIMEDS project has formulated the special requirements for integrated knowledge and data base management in primary care. This paper presents Gösta's book, a hypertext knowledge base implemented in LINCKS, an object oriented, networked database system. Firstly, aspects which make integrated hypermedia systems particularly suitable for application in primary health care are explored. We then describe the hypertext knowledge base, consisting of 500 basic text objects and 3000 links, and current implementations using the NODE data model. NODE is implemented on a SUN III fileserver, and the user interface for the hypertext context on Apple Macintosh (TM). Combination of design methods towards a parallel means-ends strategy was found to be necessary to achieve Gösta's book. Design groups need to be composed of computer science, medical, psychological and organizational competences.
Retrieving Highly Dynamic, Widely Distributed Information
Authors: M. F. Wyle, Hans-Peter Frei
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1989

Wide area networks provide a variety of information sources which can be exploited only by appropriate information retrieval techniques such as repeated automatic query of remote databases and bulletin boards. Distinctive features of the content and access methods of information on wide area nets are discussed from an IR perspective. The development, algorithms, and analysis of a functioning system are also presented.
A Direct Manipulation Interface for Boolean Information Retrieval via Natural Language Query
Authors: Peter G. Anick, Jeffrey D. Brennan, Rex A. Flynn, David R. Hanssen, Bryan Alvey, Jeffrey M. Robbins
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This paper describes the design of a direct manipulation user interface for Boolean information retrieval. Intended to overcome the difficulties of manipulating explicit Boolean queries as well as the “black box” drawbacks of so-called natural language query systems, the interface presents a two-dimensional graphical representation of a user's natural language query which not only exposes heuristic query transformations performed by the system, but also supports query reformulation by the user via direct manipulation of the representation. The paper illustrates the operation of the interface as implemented in the AI-STARS full-text information retrieval system.
Determining the Functionality and Features of an Intelligent Interface to an Information Retrieval System
Authors: Nicholas J. Belkin, Pier Giorgio Marchetti
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

In this paper, we propose a method for specifying the functionality of an intelligent interface to large-scale information retrieval systems, and for implementing those functions in an operational environment. The method is based on a progressive, three-stage model of intelligent information support; a high-level cognitive task analysis of the information retrieval problem; a low-level specification of the host system functionality; and, derivation of explicit relations between the system functions and the cognitive tasks. This method is applied, by example, in the context of the European Space Agency Information Retrieval Service, with some specific suggestions for implementation of a stage one intelligent interface to that system.
Construction of Optimal Graphs for Bit-Vector Compression
Authors: Abraham Bookstein, Shmuel T. Klein
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

Bitmaps are data structures occurring often in information retrieval. They are useful; they are also large and expensive to store. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted to finding techniques for compressing them. These techniques are most effective for sparse bitmaps. We propose a preprocessing stage, in which bitmaps are first clustered and the clusters used to transform their member bitmaps into sparser ones, that can be more effectively compressed. The clustering method efficiently generates a graph structure on the bitmaps. The results of applying our algorithm to the Bible is presented: for some sets of bitmaps, our method almost doubled the compression savings.
Surrogate Subsets: A Free Space Management Strategy for the Index of a Text Retrieval System
Authors: Forbes J. Burkowski
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This paper presents a new data structure and an associated strategy to be utilized by indexing facilities for text retrieval systems. The paper starts by reviewing some of the goals that may be considered when designing such an index and continues with a small survey of various current strategies. It then presents an indexing strategy referred to as surrogate subsets discussing its appropriateness in the light of the specified goals. Various design issues and implementation details are discussed. Our strategy requires that a surrogate file be divided into a large number of subsets separated by free space which will allow the index to expand when new material is appended to the database. Experimental results report on the utilization of free space when the database is enlarged.
Knowledge-Based Retrieval of Office Documents
Authors: Augusto Celentano, Maria Grazia Fugini, Silvano Pozzi
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

Document classification and retrieval systems for office applications require knowledge management to describe the semantics of documents related to procedural and domain dependent aspects of the office work to be described: operational dependencies, documents relationships and references to regulations and laws are concepts which are not explicitly stated in the text. This paper presents a semantic model for office documents classification and retrieval based on knowledge representation of the office procedural environment and of the application domain. Navigation along knowledge networks for document retrieval and browsing is described.
Online Query Refinement on Information Retrieval Systems: A Process Model of Searcher/System Interactions
Authors: Hsinchun Chen, Vasant Dhar
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This article reports findings of empirical research that investigated information searchers' online query refinement process. Prior studies have recognized the information specialists' role in helping searchers articulate and refine queries. Using a semantic network and a Problem Behavior Graph to represent the online search process, our study revealed that searchers also refined their own queries in an online task environment. The information retrieval system played a passive role in assisting online query refinement, which was, however, or that confirmed Taylor's four-level query formulation model. Based on our empirical findings, we proposed using a process model to facilitate and improve query refinement in an online environment. We believe incorporating this model into retrieval systems can result in the design of more “intelligent” and useful information retrieval systems.
A Retrieval Model Based on an Extended Modal Logic and its Application to the RIME Experimental Approach
Authors: Yves Chiaramella, Jian-Yun Nie
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This paper focuses on the query processing module of RIME, an experimental prototype of an intelligent information retrieval system designed to manage high-precision queries on a corpus of medical reports. Though highly specific this particular corpus is representative of an important class of applications: information retrieval among full-text specialized documents which constitute critical sources of information in several organizations (medicine, law, space industry…). This experience allowed us to design and implement an elaborate model for the semantic content of the documents which is an extension of the Conceptual Dependency approach. The underlying retrieval model is inspired from the Logic model proposed by C.J. Van Rijsbergen, which has been considerably refined using an Extended Modal Logic. After presenting the context of the RIME project, we briefly describe the models designed for the internal representation of medical reports and queries. The main part of the paper is then devoted to the retrieval model and its application to the query processing module of RIME which has a natural language interface. Processing a query involves two main phases: the interpretation which transforms the natural language query into a search expression, and the evaluation phases which retrieves the corresponding medical reports. We focus here on the evaluation phases and show its relationship with the underlying retrieval model. Evaluations from practical experiments are also given, along with indications about current developments of the project.
Hypertext, Full Text, and Automatic Linking
Authors: James H. Coombs
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

Current computing systems typically support only mid-century information structures: simple hierarchies. Hypertext technologies enable users to impose many structures on document sets and, consequently, provide many paths to desired information, but they require that users work their way through some structure. Full-text search eliminates this requirement by ignoring structure altogether. The search strategy can also be restricted to work within specified contexts. The architecture provided for search readily supports automatic linking. These ideas have been tested in IRIS Intermedia.
Parallel Text Searching in Serial Files Using a Processor Farm
Authors: Janey K. Cringean, Roger England, Gordon A. Manson, Peter Willett
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This paper discusses the implementation of a parallel text retrieval system using a microprocessor network. The system is designed to allow fast searching in document databases organised using the serial file structure, with a very rapid initial text signature search being followed by a more detailed, but more time-consuming, pattern matching search. The network is built from transputers, high performance microprocessors developed specifically for the construction of highly parallel computing systems, which are linked together in a processor farm. The paper discusses the design and implementation of processor farms, and then reports our initial studies of the efficiency of searching that can be achieved using this approach to text retrieval from serial files.
The Automatic Generation of Extended Queries
Authors: Carolyn J. Crouch, Donald B. Crouch, Krishna R. Nareddy
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

In the extended vector space model, each document vector consists of a set of subvectors representing the multiple concepts or concept classes present in the document. Typical information concepts, in addition to the usual content terms or descriptors, include author names, bibliographic links, etc. The extended vector space model is known to improve retrieval effectiveness. However, a major impediment to the use of the extended model is the construction of an extended query. In this paper, we describe a method for automatically extending a query containing only content terms (a single concept class) to a representation containing multiple concept classes. No relevance feedback is involved. Experiments using the CACM collection resulted in an average precision 34% better than that obtained using the standard single-concept term vector model.
Optimizations for Dynamic Inverted Index Maintenance
Authors: Douglas R. Cutting, Jan O. Pedersen
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

For free-text search over rapidly evolving corpora, dynamic update of inverted indices is a basic requirement. B-trees are an effective tool in implementing such indices. The Zipfian distribution of postings suggests space and time optimizations unique to this task. In particular, we present two novel optimizations, merge update, which performs better than straight forward block update, and pulsing which significantly reduces space requirements without sacrificing performance.
A New Method for Information Retrieval, Based on the Theory of Relative Concentration
Authors: Leo Egghe
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This paper introduces a new method for information retrieval of documents that are represented by a vector. The novelty of the algorithm lies in the fact that no (generalized) p-norms are used as a matching function between the query and the document (as is done e.g. by Salton and others) but a function that measures the relative dispersion of the terms between a document and a query. This function originates from an earlier paper of the author where a good measure of relative concentration was introduced, used in informetrics to measure the degree of specialization of a journal w.r.t. the entire subject. This new information retrieval algorithm is shown to have many desirable properties (in the sense of the new Cater-Kraft wish list) including those of the original cosine-matching function of Salton. In addition the property of the cosine-matching function that, if one only uses weights 0 to 1, one is reduced to Boolean IR, is refined in the sense that one takes into consideration the broadness or specialization of a document and a query. Our new matching function satisfies these additional properties.
Panel: Hypertext: "Growing Up?"
Authors: Mark E. Frisse, Maristella Agosti, Marie-France Bruandet, Udo Hahn, Stephen F. Weiss
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

This panel will employ two different interpretations of the phrase “growing up” to address areas of common interest between hypertext and information retrieval researchers. First, the panelists will question whether or not hypertext is “growing up” as a scientific discipline; They will discuss characteristics that separate hypertext research from other related disciplines. Second, the panelists will discuss the problems encountered when a hypertext system “grows up” in size and complexity; They will discuss the very real problems expected when representing and integrating large knowledge bases, accommodating multiple users, and distributing single logical hypertexts across multiple physical sites.
Probabilistic Document Indexing from Relevance Feedback Data
Authors: Norbert Fuhr, Chris Buckley
Venue: SIGIR
Year: 1990

Based on the binary independence indexing model, we apply three new concepts for probabilistic document indexing from relevance feedback data: