OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Unmanned Explorer for Deep Space Exploration
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2008
Year: 2008

asteroids or comets have received remarkable attention in the world. In small body explorations, especially, detailed in-situ surface exploration by tiny rover is one of effective and fruitful means and is expected to make strong contributions towards scientific studies. JAXA ISAS is promoting MUSES C mission, which is the worlds first sample and return attempt to or from the near earth asteroid. Hayabusa spacecraft in MUSES C mission took the tiny rover, which was expected to perform the in-situ surface exploration by hopping. This paper describes the system design, mobility and intelligence of the developed unmanned explorer. This paper also presents the ground experimental results and the flight results.
An Affine-invariant Time-dependent Triangulation of Spatio-temporal Data
Venue: arXiv cs.CG 2008
Year: 2008

In the geometric data model for spatio-temporal data, introduced by Chomicki and Revesz, spatio-temporal data are modelled as a finite collection of triangles that are transformed by time-dependent affinities of the plane. To facilitate querying and animation of spatio-temporal data, we present a normal form for data in the geometric data model. We propose an algorithm for constructing this normal form via a spatio-temporal triangulation of geometric data objects. This triangulation algorithm generates new geometric data objects that partition the given objects both in space and in time. A particular property of the proposed partition is that it is invariant under time-dependent affine transformations, and hence independent of the particular choice of coordinate system used to describe he spatio-temporal data in. We can show that our algorithm works correctly and has a polynomial time complexity (of reasonably low degree in the number of input triangles and the maximal degree of the polynomial functions that describe the transformation functions). We also discuss several possible applications of this spatio-temporal triangulation.
Positive Real Synthesis of Networked Control System An LMI Approach
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2008
Year: 2008

This paper presents the positive real analysis and synthesis for Networked Control Systems (NCS) in discrete time. Based on the definition of passivity, the sufficient condition of NCS is given by stochastic Lyapunov functional. The controller via state feedback is designed to guarantee the stability of NCS and closed-loop positive realness. It is shown that a mode-dependent positive real controller exists if a set of coupled linear matrix inequalities has solutions. The controller can be then constructed in terms of the solutions.
A Projection Method for Derivation of Non-Shannon-Type Information Inequalities
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2008
Year: 2008

In 1998, Zhang and Yeung found the first unconditional non-Shannon-type information inequality. Recently, Dougherty, Freiling and Zeger gave six new unconditional non-Shannon-type information inequalities. This work generalizes their work and provides a method to systematically derive non-Shannon-type information inequalities. An application of this method reveals new 4-variable non-Shannon-type information inequalities.
Straight Skeletons of Three-Dimensional Polyhedra
Venue: arXiv cs.CG 2008
Year: 2008

This paper studies the straight skeleton of polyhedra in three dimensions. We first address voxel-based polyhedra (polycubes), formed as the union of a collection of cubical (axis-aligned) voxels. We analyze the ways in which the skeleton may intersect each voxel of the polyhedron, and show that the skeleton may be constructed by a simple voxel-sweeping algorithm taking constant time per voxel. In addition, we describe a more complex algorithm for straight skeletons of voxel-based polyhedra, which takes time proportional to the area of the surfaces of the straight skeleton rather than the volume of the polyhedron. We also consider more general polyhedra with axis-parallel edges and faces, and show that any n-vertex polyhedron of this type has a straight skeleton with O(n^2) features. We provide algorithms for constructing the straight skeleton, with running time O(min(n^2 log n, k log^{O(1)} n)) where k is the output complexity. Next, we discuss the straight skeleton of a general nonconvex polyhedron. We show that it has an ambiguity issue, and suggest a consistent method to resolve it. We prove that the straight skeleton of a general polyhedron has a superquadratic complexity in the worst case. Finally, we report on an implementation of a simple algorithm for the general case.
Algorithms for Probabilistically-Constrained Models of Risk-Averse Stochastic Optimization with Black-Box Distributions
Venue: arXiv cs.DS 2008
Year: 2008

We consider various stochastic models that incorporate the notion of risk-averseness into the standard 2-stage recourse model, and develop novel techniques for solving the algorithmic problems arising in these models. A key notable feature of our work that distinguishes it from work in some other related models, such as the (standard) budget model and the (demand-) robust model, is that we obtain results in the black-box setting, that is, where one is given only sampling access to the underlying distribution. Our first model, which we call the risk-averse budget model, incorporates the notion of risk-averseness via a probabilistic constraint that restricts the probability (according to the underlying distribution) with which the second-stage cost may exceed a given budget B to at most a given input threshold ρ. We also a consider a closely-related model that we call the risk-averse robust model, where we seek to minimize the first-stage cost and the (1-ρ)-quantile of the second-stage cost. We obtain approximation algorithms for a variety of combinatorial optimization problems including the set cover, vertex cover, multicut on trees, min cut, and facility location problems, in the risk-averse budget and robust models with black-box distributions. We obtain near-optimal solutions that preserve the budget approximately and incur a small blow-up of the probability threshold (both of which are unavoidable). To the best of our knowledge, these are the first approximation results for problems involving probabilistic constraints and black-box distributions. A major component of our results is a fully polynomial approximation scheme for solving the LP-relaxation of the risk-averse problem.
A new queueing strategy for the Adversarial Queueing Theory
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2008
Year: 2008

In the today's Internet and TCP/IP-networks, the queueing of packets is commonly implemented using the protocol FIFO (First In First Out). Unfortunately, FIFO performs poorly in the Adversarial Queueing Theory. Other queueing strategies are researched in this model and better results are performed by alternative queueing strategies, e.g. LIS (Longest In System). This article introduces a new queueing protocol called interval-strategy that is concerned with the reduction from dynamic to static routing. We discuss the maximum system time for a packet and estimate with up-to-date results how this can be achieved. We figure out the maximum amount of time where a packet can spend in the network (i.e. worst case system time), and argue that the universal instability of the presented interval-strategy can be reached through these results. When a large group of queueing strategies is used for queueing, we prove that the interval-strategy will be universally unstable. Finally, we calculate the maximum time of the static routing to reach an universal stable and polynomial - in detail linear - bounded interval-strategy. Afterwards we close - in order to check this upper bound - with up-to-date results about the delivery times in static routing.
An Information-Theoretical View of Network-Aware Malware Attacks
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2008
Year: 2008

This work investigates three aspects: (a) a network vulnerability as the non-uniform vulnerable-host distribution, (b) threats, i.e., intelligent malwares that exploit such a vulnerability, and (c) defense, i.e., challenges for fighting the threats. We first study five large data sets and observe consistent clustered vulnerable-host distributions. We then present a new metric, referred to as the non-uniformity factor, which quantifies the unevenness of a vulnerable-host distribution. This metric is essentially the Renyi information entropy and better characterizes the non-uniformity of a distribution than the Shannon entropy. Next, we analyze the propagation speed of network-aware malwares in view of information theory. In particular, we draw a relationship between Renyi entropies and randomized epidemic malware-scanning algorithms. We find that the infection rates of malware-scanning methods are characterized by the Renyi entropies that relate to the information bits in a non-unform vulnerable-host distribution extracted by a randomized scanning algorithm. Meanwhile, we show that a representative network-aware malware can increase the spreading speed by exactly or nearly a non-uniformity factor when compared to a random-scanning malware at an early stage of malware propagation. This quantifies that how much more rapidly the Internet can be infected at the early stage when a malware exploits an uneven vulnerable-host distribution as a network-wide vulnerability. Furthermore, we analyze the effectiveness of defense strategies on the spread of network-aware malwares. Our results demonstrate that counteracting network-aware malwares is a significant challenge for the strategies that include host-based defense and IPv6.
Megasonic Enhanced Electrodeposition
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

A novel way of filling high aspect ratio vertical interconnection (microvias) with an aspect ratio of >2:1 is presented. High frequency acoustic streaming at megasonic frequencies enables the decrease of the Nernst-diffusion layer down to the sub-micron range, allowing thereby conformal electrodeposition in deep grooves. Higher throughput and better control over the deposition properties are possible for the manufacturing of interconnections and metal-based MEMS.
Contactless Thermal Characterization of High Temperature Test Chamber
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

In this paper the methodology and the results of a contactless thermal characterization of a high temperature test chamber will be introduced. The test chamber is used for fatigue testing of different MEMS devices where the homogenous temperature distribution within the close proximity from the heating filaments is very important. Our aim was to characterize the evolving temperature distribution inside the test chamber. In order to achieve smaller time constant a new contactless sensor card was developed. The contactless thermal characterization method introduced in this paper enables in situ heat distribution measurement inside the test chamber during operation, with the detection of potentially uneven heat distribution.
Geometrical Variation Analysis of an Electrothermally Driven Polysilicon Microactuator
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

The analytical models that predict thermal and mechanical responses of microactuator have been developed. These models are based on electro thermal and thermo mechanical analysis of the microbeam. Also, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate microactuator tip deflection. Analytical and Finite Element results are compared with experimental results in literature and show good agreement in low input voltages. A dimensional variation of beam lengths, beam lengths ratios and gap are introduced in analytical and FEA models to explore microactuator performance. An electrothermally driven polysilicon microactuator similar to Pan's actuator architecture has been studied in this paper. This microactuator generates deflection through asymmetric heating of the hot and cold polysilicon arms with different lengths. For this microactuator architecture, an optimal beam length ratio equal to 0.46 has been obtained to achieve maximum tip deflection. . As it was expected, the results show decreasing air gap increase microactuator tip deflection. It is also found that for microactuators with longer hot arms, microactuator tip deflections are more sensitive to beam length ratios and air gap.
A piecewise-linear reduced-order model of squeeze-film damping for deformable structures including large displacement effects
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

This paper presents a reduced-order model for the Reynolds equation for deformable structure and large displacements. It is based on the model established in [11] which is piece-wise linearized using two different methods. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are pointed out. The pull-in time of a microswitch is determined and compared to experimental and other simulation data.
Numerical Investigation of Laser-Assisted Nanoimprinting on a Copper Substrate from a Perspective of Heat Transfer Analysis
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

The technique of laser-assisted nanoimprinting lithography (LAN) has been proposed to utilize an excimer laser to irradiate through a quartz mold and melts a thin polymer film on the substrate for micro- to nano-scaled fabrications. In the present study, the novel concept of that copper was adopted as the substrate instead of silicon, which is conventionally used, was proposed. The micro/nano structures on the copper substrate could be fabricated by chemical/electrochemical etching or electroforming ; following by the patterns have been transferred onto the substrate using LAN process. Alternatives of the substrate materials could lead versatile applications in micro/nano-fabrication. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept numerically, this study introduced optical multiple reflection theory to perform both analytical and numerical modeling during the process and to predict the thermal response theoretically.
Design Optimization for an Electro-Thermally Actuated Polymeric Microgripper
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

Thermal micro-actuators are a promising solution to the need for large-displacement, gentle handling force, low-power MEMS actuators. Potential applications of these devices are micro-relays, assembling and miniature medical instrumentation. In this paper the development of thermal microactuators based on SU-8 polymer is described. The paper presents the development of a new microgripper which can realize a movement of the gripping arms with possibility for positioning and manipulating of the gripped object. Two models of polymeric microgripper electrothermo- mechanical actuated, using low actuation voltages, designed for SU-8 polymer fabrication were presented. The electro-thermal microgrippers were designed and optimized using finite element simulations. Electro-thermo-mechanical simulations based on finite element method were performed for each of the model in order to compare the results. Preliminary experimental tests were carried out.
Micromachined Inclinometer Based on Fluid Convection
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

This paper presents a numerical simulation and experimental results of a one-dimensional thermal inclinometer with the cavity filled of gas and liquid. The sensor principle consists of one heating resistor placed between two detectors. When the resistor is electrically powered, it creates a symmetrical temperature profile inside a micromachined silicon cavity. By applying a tilt to the sensor, the profile shifts in the same direction of the sensible axis corresponding to the horizontal one to one. The temperature profile and the sensitivity according to the CO2 gas and mineral oil SAE50 have been studied using numerical resolution of fluid dynamics equations with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package Fluent V6.2. We have shown that the sensitivity of liquid sensors is higher than the gas sensors one. By using micromachined silicon technique, a thermal inclinometer with one pair of detectors placed at 300 um from the heater has been made. Experimental measurements corroborate with the numerical simulation.
SANA - Security Analysis in Internet Traffic through Artificial Immune Systems
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2008
Year: 2008

The Attacks done by Viruses, Worms, Hackers, etc. are a Network Security-Problem in many Organisations. Current Intrusion Detection Systems have significant Disadvantages, e.g. the need of plenty of Computational Power or the Local Installation. Therefore, we introduce a novel Framework for Network Security which is called SANA. SANA contains an artificial Immune System with artificial Cells which perform certain Tasks in order to to support existing systems to better secure the Network against Intrusions. The Advantages of SANA are that it is efficient, adaptive, autonomous, and massively-distributed. In this Article, we describe the Architecture of the artificial Immune System and the Functionality of the Components. We explain briefly the Implementation and discuss Results.
High Density out-of-Plane Microprobe Array
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

MEMS technology has been developed rapidly in the last few years. More and more special micro structures were discussed in several publications. However, all of the structures were produced by consist of the three fundamental structures, which included bridge, cantilever and membrane structures. Even the more complex structures were no exception. The cantilever with the property of simple design and easy fabrication among three kinds of fundamental structure, therefore, it was popular used in the design of MEMS device.
Simulation of Coating -Visco-Elastic liquid in the Mico-Nip of Metering Size Press
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

For a set of operating conditions and coating color formulations, undesirable phenomena like color spitting and coating ribs may be triggered in the Micro-nip during the coating process. Therefore, our interest in this work focus on another parameter affect on the undesirable phenomena as the vortices in the Micro-nip. The problem deals with the flow through the Micro-nip of metering size press. The flow enters and exits at a tangential velocity of 20 m/s between two rollers with diameter 80 cm and 60 -m apart. In the upper and bottom part of the domain the angular velocity is 314 rad /s. It has one sub-domain. Previous studies focus on the Micro-nip without considering the inertia and the viscoelasticity of the material. Roll coating is a technique commonly used in the coating industry to meter a thin fluid film on a moving substrate. During the film formation, the fluid is subjected to very high shear and extensional rates over a very short period of time. The fluid domain changes as a function of the hydrodynamic pressure within the nip as a result of the deformable cover usually used on one of the rolls. The free surface also adds more complexity to the flow due to the force equilibrium in the fluid gas interface. Last of all, the rheological behavior of the coating fluid is usually non-Newtonian, so the metering flow hydrodynamics is finally very difficult to describe. It is concluded that the normal forces of micro-nip increases with increasing the inhibitors. Therefore, it affects on the smoothness and creates defects. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the creation of big vortex in the middle of micro-nip affects on the coating liquid behavior.
Process nano scale mechanical properties measurement of thin metal films using a novel paddle cantilever test structure
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

A new technique was developed for studying the mechanical behavior of nano-scale thin metal films on substrate is presented. The test structure was designed on a novel "paddle" cantilever beam specimens with dimensions as few hundred nanometers to less than 10 nanometers. This beam is in triangle shape in order to provide uniform plane strain distribution. Standard clean room processing was used to prepare the paddle sample. The experiment can be operated by using the electrostatic deflection on the paddle uniform distributed stress cantilever beam and then measure the deposited thin metal film materials on top of it. A capacitance technique was used to measurement on the other side of the deflected plate to measure its deflection with respect to the force. The measured strain was converted through the capacitance measurement for the deflection of the cantilever. System performance on the residual stress measurement of thin films are calculated with three different forces on the "paddle" cantilever beam, including the force due to the film, compliance force and electrostatic force.
Study of First-Order Thermal Sigma-Delta Architecture for Convective Accelerometers
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

This paper presents the study of an original closed-loop conditioning approach for fully-integrated convective inertial sensors. The method is applied to an accelerometer manufactured on a standard CMOS technology using an auto-aligned bulk etching step. Using the thermal behavior of the sensor as a summing function, a first order sigma-delta modulator is built. This "electro-physical" modulator realizes an analog-to-digital conversion of the signal. Besides the feedback scheme should improve the sensor performance.
On-Chip Hotplate for Temperature Control of Cmos Saw Resonators
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

Due to the sensitivity of the piezoelectric layer in surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators to temperature, a method of achieving device stability as a function of temperature is required. This work presents the design, modeling and characterization of integrated dual-serpentine polysilicon resistors as a method for temperature control of CMOS SAW resonators. The design employs the oven control temperature stabilization scheme where the device's temperature is elevated to higher than Tmax to maintain constant device temperature. The efficiency of the polysilicon resistor as a heating element was verified through a 1-D partial differential equation model, 3-D CoventorWare finite element simulations and measurements using Compix thermal camera. To verify that the on-chip hotplate is effective as a temperature control method, both DC and RF measurements of the heater together with the resonator were conducted. Experimental results have indicated that the TCF of the CMOS SAW resonator of -97.2 ppm/deg C has been reduced to -23.19 ppm/deg C when heated to 56 deg C.
A Novel Piezoelectric Microtransformer for Autonmous Sensors Applications
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2008
Year: 2008

This work relates to a novel piezoelectric transformer to be used in an autonomous sensor unit, possibly in conjunction with a RF-MEMS retro-modulator.
The pre-log of Gaussian broadcast with feedback can be two
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2008
Year: 2008

A generic intuition says that the pre-log, or multiplexing gain, cannot be larger than the minimum of the number of transmit and receive dimensions. This suggests that for the scalar broadcast channel, the pre-log cannot exceed one. By contrast, in this note, we show that when the noises are anti-correlated and feedback is present, then a pre-log of two can be attained. In other words, in this special case, in the limit of high SNR, the scalar Gaussian broadcast channel turns into two parallel AWGN channels. Achievability is established via a coding strategy due to Schalkwijk, Kailath, and Ozarow.
Clustering of scientific citations in Wikipedia
Venue: arXiv cs.DL 2008
Year: 2008

The instances of templates in Wikipedia form an interesting data set of structured information. Here I focus on the cite journal template that is primarily used for citation to articles in scientific journals. These citations can be extracted and analyzed: Non-negative matrix factorization is performed on a (article x journal) matrix resulting in a soft clustering of Wikipedia articles and scientific journals, each cluster more or less representing a scientific topic.