OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Mobile Health Solution for College Student Mental Health: Interview Study and Design Requirement Analysis
Venue: arXiv cs.HC 2022
Year: 2022

Background: Mental health problems are prevalent in college students. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problems, and created a surge in the popularity of telehealth and mobile health solutions. Despite that mobile health is a promising approach to help students with mental health needs, few studies exist in investigating key features students need in a mental health self-management tool. Objective: The objective of our study was to identified key requirements and features for the design of a student-centered mental health self-management tool. Methods: An interview study was first conducted to understand college students' needs and preferences on a mental health self-management tool. Functional information requirement analysis was then conducted to translate the needs into design implications. Results: A total of 153 university students were recruited for the semi-structured interview. The participants mentioned several features including coping techniques, artificial intelligence, time management, tracking, and communication with others. Participant's preferences on usability and privacy settings were also collected. The desired functions were analyzed and turned into design-agnostic information requirements. Conclusions: This study documents findings from interviews with university students to understand their needs and preferences for a tool to help with self-management of mental health.
Review on Multiple Plagiarism: A Performance Comparison Study
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2022
Year: 2022

Plagiarism is the practice of claiming to be someone else content, thoughts or ideas as one own without any proper credit and citations. This paper is a survey paper that, represent the some of the great research paper and its comparison that is work done on plagiarism. Now a days, plagiarism became one of the most interesting and crucial research points in Natural Language Processing area. We review some old research paper based on different types of plagiarism detection and their models and algorithm, and comparison of the accuracy of those papers. There are many several ways which are available for plagiarism detection in different language. There are a few algorithms to detecting plagiarism. Like, corpus, CL-CNG, LSI, Levenshtein Distance etc. We analysis those papers, and learn that they used different types of algorithms for detecting plagiarism. After experiment those papers, we got that some of the algorithms give a better output and accuracy for detecting plagiarism. We are going to give a review on some papers about Plagiarism and will discuss about the pros and cons of their models. And we also show a propose method for plagiarism detection method which based on sentience separation, word separation and make sentence based on synonym and compare with any sources.
False Consensus, Information Theory, and Prediction Markets
Venue: arXiv cs.GT 2022
Year: 2022

We study a setting where Bayesian agents with a common prior have private information related to an event's outcome and sequentially make public announcements relating to their information. Our main result shows that when agents' private information is independent conditioning on the event's outcome whenever agents have similar beliefs about the outcome, their information is aggregated. That is, there is no false consensus. Our main result has a short proof based on a natural information theoretic framework. A key ingredient of the framework is the equivalence between the sign of the ``interaction information'' and a super/sub-additive property of the value of people's information. This provides an intuitive interpretation and an interesting application of the interaction information, which measures the amount of information shared by three random variables. We illustrate the power of this information theoretic framework by reproving two additional results within it: 1) that agents quickly agree when announcing (summaries of) beliefs in round robin fashion [Aaronson 2005]; and 2) results from [Chen et al 2010] on when prediction market agents should release information to maximize their payment. We also interpret the information theoretic framework and the above results in prediction markets by proving that the expected reward of revealing information is the conditional mutual information of the information revealed.
Plot Writing From Pre-Trained Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2022
Year: 2022

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) fail to generate long-form narrative text because they do not consider global structure. As a result, the generated texts are often incohesive, repetitive, or lack content. Recent work in story generation reintroduced explicit content planning in the form of prompts, keywords, or semantic frames. Trained on large parallel corpora, these models can generate more logical event sequences and thus more contentful stories. However, these intermediate representations are often not in natural language and cannot be utilized by PLMs without fine-tuning. We propose generating story plots using off-the-shelf PLMs while maintaining the benefit of content planning to generate cohesive and contentful stories. Our proposed method, ScratchPlot, first prompts a PLM to compose a content plan. Then, we generate the story's body and ending conditioned on the content plan. Furthermore, we take a generate-and-rank approach by using additional PLMs to rank the generated (story, ending) pairs. We benchmark our method with various baselines and achieved superior results in both human and automatic evaluation.
Learning Symbolic Operators: A Neurosymbolic Solution for Autonomous Disassembly of Electric Vehicle Battery
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2022
Year: 2022

The booming of electric vehicles demands efficient battery disassembly for recycling to be environment-friendly. Currently, battery disassembly is still primarily done by humans, probably assisted by robots, due to the unstructured environment and high uncertainties. It is highly desirable to design autonomous solutions to improve work efficiency and lower human risks in high voltage and toxic environments. This paper proposes a novel neurosymbolic method, which augments the traditional Variational Autoencoder (VAE) model to learn symbolic operators based on raw sensory inputs and their relationships. The symbolic operators include a probabilistic state symbol grounding model and a state transition matrix for predicting states after each execution to enable autonomous task and motion planning. At last, the method's feasibility is verified through test results.
CAISAR: A platform for Characterizing Artificial Intelligence Safety and Robustness
Venue: arXiv cs.AI 2022
Year: 2022

We present CAISAR, an open-source platform under active development for the characterization of AI systems' robustness and safety. CAISAR provides a unified entry point for defining verification problems by using WhyML, the mature and expressive language of the Why3 verification platform. Moreover, CAISAR orchestrates and composes state-of-the-art machine learning verification tools which, individually, are not able to efficiently handle all problems but, collectively, can cover a growing number of properties. Our aim is to assist, on the one hand, the V\&V process by reducing the burden of choosing the methodology tailored to a given verification problem, and on the other hand the tools developers by factorizing useful features-visualization, report generation, property description-in one platform. CAISAR will soon be available at https://git.frama-c.com/pub/caisar.
A Sequential Metamorphic Testing Framework for Understanding Automated Driving Systems
Venue: arXiv cs.SE 2022
Year: 2022

Automated driving systems (ADS) are expected to be reliable and robust against a wide range of driving scenarios. Their decisions, first and foremost, must be well understood. Understanding a decision made by ADS is a great challenge, because it is not straightforward to tell whether the decision is correct or not, and how to verify it systematically. In this paper, a Sequential MetAmoRphic Testing Smart framework is proposed based on metamorphic testing, a mainstream software testing approach. In metamorphic testing, metamorphic groups are constructed by selecting multiple inputs according to the so-called metamorphic relations, which are basically the system's necessary properties; the violation of certain relations by some corresponding metamorphic groups implies the detection of erroneous system behaviors. The proposed framework makes use of sequences of metamorphic groups to understand ADS behaviors, and is applicable without the need of ground-truth datasets. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the framework is applied to test three ADS models that steer an autonomous car in different scenarios with another car either leading in front or approaching in the opposite direction. The conducted experiments reveal a large number of undesirable behaviors in these top-ranked deep learning models in the scenarios. These counter-intuitive behaviors are associated with how the core models of ADS respond to different positions, directions and properties of the other car in its proximity. Further analysis of the results helps identify critical factors affecting ADS decisions and thus demonstrates that the framework can be used to provide a comprehensive understanding of ADS before their deployment
Online Deep Clustering with Video Track Consistency
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2022
Year: 2022

Several unsupervised and self-supervised approaches have been developed in recent years to learn visual features from large-scale unlabeled datasets. Their main drawback however is that these methods are hardly able to recognize visual features of the same object if it is simply rotated or the perspective of the camera changes. To overcome this limitation and at the same time exploit a useful source of supervision, we take into account video object tracks. Following the intuition that two patches in a track should have similar visual representations in a learned feature space, we adopt an unsupervised clustering-based approach and constrain such representations to be labeled as the same category since they likely belong to the same object or object part. Experimental results on two downstream tasks on different datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our Online Deep Clustering with Video Track Consistency (ODCT) approach compared to prior work, which did not leverage temporal information. In addition we show that exploiting an unsupervised class-agnostic, yet noisy, track generator yields to better accuracy compared to relying on costly and precise track annotations.
Spatial-Temporal Adaptive Graph Convolution with Attention Network for Traffic Forecasting
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2022
Year: 2022

Traffic forecasting is one canonical example of spatial-temporal learning task in Intelligent Traffic System. Existing approaches capture spatial dependency with a pre-determined matrix in graph convolution neural operators. However, the explicit graph structure losses some hidden representations of relationships among nodes. Furthermore, traditional graph convolution neural operators cannot aggregate long-range nodes on the graph. To overcome these limits, we propose a novel network, Spatial-Temporal Adaptive graph convolution with Attention Network (STAAN) for traffic forecasting. Firstly, we adopt an adaptive dependency matrix instead of using a pre-defined matrix during GCN processing to infer the inter-dependencies among nodes. Secondly, we integrate PW-attention based on graph attention network which is designed for global dependency, and GCN as spatial block. What's more, a stacked dilated 1D convolution, with efficiency in long-term prediction, is adopted in our temporal block for capturing the different time series. We evaluate our STAAN on two real-world datasets, and experiments validate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
The Structure of Interdisciplinary Science: Uncovering and Explaining Roles in Citation Graphs
Venue: arXiv cs.SI 2022
Year: 2022

Role discovery is the task of dividing the set of nodes on a graph into classes of structurally similar roles. Modern strategies for role discovery typically rely on graph embedding techniques, which are capable of recognising complex local structures. However, when working with large, real-world networks, it is difficult to interpret or validate a set of roles identified according to these methods. In this work, motivated by advancements in the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we propose a new framework for interpreting role assignments on large graphs using small subgraph structures known as graphlets. We demonstrate our methods on a large, multidisciplinary citation network, where we successfully identify a number of important citation patterns which reflect interdisciplinary research
Representational Systems Theory: A Unified Approach to Encoding, Analysing and Transforming Representations
Venue: arXiv cs.AI 2022
Year: 2022

The study of representations is of fundamental importance to any form of communication, and our ability to exploit them effectively is paramount. This article presents a novel theory -- Representational Systems Theory -- that is designed to abstractly encode a wide variety of representations from three core perspectives: syntax, entailment, and their properties. By introducing the concept of a construction space, we are able to encode each of these core components under a single, unifying paradigm. Using our Representational Systems Theory, it becomes possible to structurally transform representations in one system into representations in another. An intrinsic facet of our structural transformation technique is representation selection based on properties that representations possess, such as their relative cognitive effectiveness or structural complexity. A major theoretical barrier to providing general structural transformation techniques is a lack of terminating algorithms. Representational Systems Theory permits the derivation of partial transformations when no terminating algorithm can produce a full transformation. Since Representational Systems Theory provides a universal approach to encoding representational systems, a further key barrier is eliminated: the need to devise system-specific structural transformation algorithms, that are necessary when different systems adopt different formalisation approaches. Consequently, Representational Systems Theory is the first general framework that provides a unified approach to encoding representations, supports representation selection via structural transformations, and has the potential for widespread practical application.
TSFEDL: A Python Library for Time Series Spatio-Temporal Feature Extraction and Prediction using Deep Learning (with Appendices on Detailed Network Architectures and Experimental Cases of Study)
Venue: arXiv cs.NE 2022
Year: 2022

The combination of convolutional and recurrent neural networks is a promising framework that allows the extraction of high-quality spatio-temporal features together with its temporal dependencies, which is key for time series prediction problems such as forecasting, classification or anomaly detection, amongst others. In this paper, the TSFEDL library is introduced. It compiles 20 state-of-the-art methods for both time series feature extraction and prediction, employing convolutional and recurrent deep neural networks for its use in several data mining tasks. The library is built upon a set of Tensorflow+Keras and PyTorch modules under the AGPLv3 license. The performance validation of the architectures included in this proposal confirms the usefulness of this Python package.
Combining Genetic Programming and Particle Swarm Optimization to Simplify Rugged Landscapes Exploration
Venue: arXiv cs.NE 2022
Year: 2022

Most real-world optimization problems are difficult to solve with traditional statistical techniques or with metaheuristics. The main difficulty is related to the existence of a considerable number of local optima, which may result in the premature convergence of the optimization process. To address this problem, we propose a novel heuristic method for constructing a smooth surrogate model of the original function. The surrogate function is easier to optimize but maintains a fundamental property of the original rugged fitness landscape: the location of the global optimum. To create such a surrogate model, we consider a linear genetic programming approach enhanced by a self-tuning fitness function. The proposed algorithm, called the GP-FST-PSO Surrogate Model, achieves satisfactory results in both the search for the global optimum and the production of a visual approximation of the original benchmark function (in the 2-dimensional case).
Optimists at Heart: Why Do We Research Game AI? (Extended Version)
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2022
Year: 2022

In this paper we survey the motivations behind contemporary game AI research by analysing individual publications, the researchers themselves, and the institutions that influence them. In doing so, we identify some negative effects on our field, caused both by external forces outside of our control as well as institutionalised behaviours that are easily overlooked. We suggest how we might begin to address some of these issues as a community, and reassert ourselves as the primary driving force behind the field.
Ubiquitous knowledge empowers the Smart Factory: The impacts of a Service-oriented Digital Twin on enterprises' performance
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2022
Year: 2022

While the Industry 4.0 is idolizing the potential of an artificial intelligence embedded into "things", it is neglecting the role of the human component, which is still indispensable in different manufacturing activities, such as a machine setup or maintenance operations. The present research study first proposes an Industrial Internet pyramid as emergent human-centric manufacturing paradigm within Industry 4.0 in which central is the role of a Ubiquitous Knowledge about the manufacturing system intuitively accessed and used by the manufacturing employees. Second, the prototype of a Service-oriented Digital Twin, which leverage on a flexible ontology-oriented knowledge structure and on augmented reality combined to a vocal interaction system for an intuitive knowledge retrieval and fruition, has been designed and developed to deliver this manufacturing knowledge. Two test-beds, complimentary for the problems in practice (the former on the maintenance-production interface in a large enterprise, the latter majorly focused in production and setups in a small and medium enterprise), show the significant benefits in terms of time, costs and process quality, thus validating the approach proposed. This research shows that a human-centric and knowledge-driven approach can drive the performance of Industry 4.0 initiatives and lead a Smart Factory towards its full potential.
Minimizing Energy Consumption for End-to-End Slicing in 5G Wireless Networks and Beyond
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2022
Year: 2022

End-to-End (E2E) network slicing enables wireless networks to provide diverse services on a common infrastructure. Each E2E slice, including resources of radio access network (RAN) and core network, is rented to mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) to provide a specific service to end-users. RAN slicing, which is realized through wireless network virtualization, involves sharing the frequency spectrum and base station antennas in RAN. Similarly, in core slicing, which is achieved by network function virtualization, data center resources such as commodity servers and physical links are shared between users of different MVNOs. In this paper, we study E2E slicing with the aim of minimizing the total energy consumption. The stated optimization problem is non-convex that is solved by a sub-optimal algorithm proposed here. The simulation results show that our proposed joint power control, server and link allocation (JPSLA) algorithm achieves 30% improvement compared to the disjoint scheme, where RAN and core are sliced separately.
Oxford-style Debates in Telecommunication and Computer Science Education
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2022
Year: 2022

Oxford-style debating is a well-known tool in social sciences. Such formal discussions on particular topics are widely used by historians and sociologists. However, when we try to go beyond standard thinking, it turns out that Oxford-style debating can be a great educational tool in telecommunication and computer science. This article presents this unusual method of education at technical universities and in the IT industry, and describes its features and challenges. Best practices and examples of debating are provided, taking into account emerging topics in telecommunications and computer science, such as cybersecurity. The article also contains feedback from IT engineers who participated in Oxford-style debates. All this aims to encourage this form of education in telecommunication and computer science.
Driving and charging an EV in Australia: A real-world analysis
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2022
Year: 2022

As outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, electric vehicles offer the greatest decarbonisation potential for land transport, in addition to other benefits, including reduced fuel and maintenance costs, improved air quality, reduced noise pollution, and improved national fuel security. Owing to these benefits, governments worldwide are planning and rolling out EV-favourable policies, and major car manufacturers are committing to fully electrifying their offerings over the coming decades. With the number of EVs on the roads expected to increase, it is imperative to understand the effect of EVs on transport and energy systems. While unmanaged charging of EVs could potentially add stress to the electricity grid, managed charging of EVs could be beneficial to the grid in terms of improved demand-supply management and improved integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, as well as offer other ancillary services. To assess the impact of EVs on the electricity grid and their potential use as batteries-on-wheels through smart charging capabilities, decision-makers need to understand how current EV owners drive and charge their vehicles. As such, an emerging area of research focuses on understanding these behaviours. Some studies have used stated preference surveys of non-EV owners or data collected from EV trials to estimate EV driving and charging patterns. Other studies have tried to decipher EV owners' behaviour based on data collected from national surveys or as reported by EV owners. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by collecting data on real-world driving and charging patterns of 239 EVs across Australia. To this effect, data collection from current EV owners via an application programming interface platform began in November 2021 and is currently live.