OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
What does Newcomb's paradox teach us?
Venue: arXiv cs.GT 2010
Year: 2010

In Newcomb's paradox you choose to receive either the contents of a particular closed box, or the contents of both that closed box and another one. Before you choose, a prediction algorithm deduces your choice, and fills the two boxes based on that deduction. Newcomb's paradox is that game theory appears to provide two conflicting recommendations for what choice you should make in this scenario. We analyze Newcomb's paradox using a recent extension of game theory in which the players set conditional probability distributions in a Bayes net. We show that the two game theory recommendations in Newcomb's scenario have different presumptions for what Bayes net relates your choice and the algorithm's prediction. We resolve the paradox by proving that these two Bayes nets are incompatible. We also show that the accuracy of the algorithm's prediction, the focus of much previous work, is irrelevant. In addition we show that Newcomb's scenario only provides a contradiction between game theory's expected utility and dominance principles if one is sloppy in specifying the underlying Bayes net. We also show that Newcomb's paradox is time-reversal invariant; both the paradox and its resolution are unchanged if the algorithm makes its `prediction' after you make your choice rather than before.
A Computational Algorithm based on Empirical Analysis, that Composes Sanskrit Poetry
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2010
Year: 2010

Poetry-writing in Sanskrit is riddled with problems for even those who know the language well. This is so because the rules that govern Sanskrit prosody are numerous and stringent. We propose a computational algorithm that converts prose given as E-text into poetry in accordance with the metrical rules of Sanskrit prosody, simultaneously taking care to ensure that sandhi or euphonic conjunction, which is compulsory in verse, is handled. The algorithm is considerably speeded up by a novel method of reducing the target search database. The algorithm further gives suggestions to the poet in case what he/she has given as the input prose is impossible to fit into any allowed metrical format. There is also an interactive component of the algorithm by which the algorithm interacts with the poet to resolve ambiguities. In addition, this unique work, which provides a solution to a problem that has never been addressed before, provides a simple yet effective speech recognition interface that would help the visually impaired dictate words in E-text, which is in turn versified by our Poetry Composer Engine.
A Methodology for Empirical Quality Assessment of Object-Oriented Design
Venue: arXiv cs.SE 2010
Year: 2010

The direct measurement of quality is difficult because there is no way we can measure quality factors. For measuring these factors, we have to express them in terms of metrics or models. Researchers have developed quality models that attempt to measure quality in terms of attributes, characteristics and metrics. In this work we have proposed the methodology of controlled experimentation coupled with power of Logical Scoring of Preferences to evaluate global quality of four object-oriented designs.
Implementing New-age Authentication Techniques using OpenID for Security Automation
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2010
Year: 2010

Security of any software can be enhanced manifolds if multiple factors for authorization and authentication are used .The main aim of this work was to design and implement an Academy Automation Software for IPS Academy which uses OpenID and Windows CardSpace as Authentication Techniques in addition to Role Based Authentication (RBA) System to ensure that only authentic users can access the predefined roles as per their Authorization level. The Automation covers different computing hardware and software that can be used to digitally create, manipulate, collect, store, and relay Academy information needed for accomplishing basic Operation like admissions and registration, student and faculty interaction, online library, medical and business development. Raw data storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of the Academy automation system. Further Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol has been implemented to provide security and data integrity for communications over networks. TLS encrypts the segments of network connections at the Transport
New clustering method to decrease probability of failure nodes and increasing the lifetime in WSNs
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2010
Year: 2010

Clustering in wireless sensor networks is one of the crucial methods for increasing of network lifetime. There are many algorithms for clustering. One of the important cluster based algorithm in wireless sensor networks is LEACH algorithm. In this paper we proposed a new clustering method for increasing of network lifetime. We distribute several sensors with a high-energy for managing the cluster head and to decrease their responsibilities in network. The performance of the proposed algorithm via computer simulation was evaluated and compared with other clustering algorithms. The simulation results show the high performance of the proposed clustering algorithm.
Evaluation of E-Learners Behaviour using Different Fuzzy Clustering Models: A Comparative Study
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2010
Year: 2010

This paper introduces an evaluation methodologies for the e-learners' behaviour that will be a feedback to the decision makers in e-learning system. Learner's profile plays a crucial role in the evaluation process to improve the e-learning process performance. The work focuses on the clustering of the e-learners based on their behaviour into specific categories that represent the learner's profiles. The learners' classes named as regular, workers, casual, bad, and absent. The work may answer the question of how to return bad students to be regular ones. The work presented the use of different fuzzy clustering techniques as fuzzy c-means and kernelized fuzzy c-means to find the learners' categories and predict their profiles. The paper presents the main phases as data description, preparation, features selection, and the experiments design using different fuzzy clustering models. Analysis of the obtained results and comparison with the real world behavior of those learners proved that there is a match with percentage of 78%. Fuzzy clustering reflects the learners' behavior more than crisp clustering. Comparison between FCM and KFCM proved that the KFCM is much better than FCM in predicting the learners' behaviour.
Hierarchical Approach for Online Mining--Emphasis towards Software Metrics
Venue: arXiv cs.DB 2010
Year: 2010

Several multi-pass algorithms have been proposed for Association Rule Mining from static repositories. However, such algorithms are incapable of online processing of transaction streams. In this paper we introduce an efficient single-pass algorithm for mining association rules, given a hierarchical classification amongest items. Processing efficiency is achieved by utilizing two optimizations, hierarchy aware counting and transaction reduction, which become possible in the context of hierarchical classification. This paper considers the problem of integrating constraints that are Boolean expression over the presence or absence of items into the association discovery algorithm. This paper present three integrated algorithms for mining association rules with item constraints and discuss their tradeoffs. It is concluded that the variation of complexity depends on the measure of DIT (Depth of Inheritance Tree) and NOC (Number of Children) in the context of Hierarchical Classification.
Expressiveness and Extensions of an Instruction Sequence Semigroup
Venue: arXiv cs.PL 2010
Year: 2010

PGA, short for ProGram Algebra, describes sequential programs as finite or infinite (repeating) sequences of instructions. The semigroup C of finite instruction sequences was introduced as an equally expressive alternative to PGA. PGA instructions are executed from left to right; most C instructions come in a left-to-right as well as a right-to-left flavor. This thesis builds on C by introducing an alternative semigroup Cg which employs label and goto instructions instead of relative jump instructions as control structures. Cg can be translated to C and vice versa (and is thus equally expressive). It is shown that restricting the instruction sets of C and Cg to contain only finitely many distinct jump, goto or label instructions in either or both directions reduces their expressiveness. Instruction sets with an infinite number of these instructions in both directions (not necessarily all such instructions) do not suffer a loss of expressiveness.
Deterministic Distributed Vertex Coloring in Polylogarithmic Time
Venue: arXiv cs.DC 2010
Year: 2010

Consider an n-vertex graph G = (V,E) of maximum degree Delta, and suppose that each vertex v \in V hosts a processor. The processors are allowed to communicate only with their neighbors in G. The communication is synchronous, i.e., it proceeds in discrete rounds. In the distributed vertex coloring problem the objective is to color G with Delta + 1, or slightly more than Delta + 1, colors using as few rounds of communication as possible. (The number of rounds of communication will be henceforth referred to as running time.) Efficient randomized algorithms for this problem are known for more than twenty years \cite{L86, ABI86}. Specifically, these algorithms produce a (Delta + 1)-coloring within O(log n) time, with high probability. On the other hand, the best known deterministic algorithm that requires polylogarithmic time employs O(Delta^2) colors. This algorithm was devised in a seminal FOCS'87 paper by Linial \cite{L87}. Its running time is O(log^* n). In the same paper Linial asked whether one can color with significantly less than Delta^2 colors in deterministic polylogarithmic time. By now this question of Linial became one of the most central long-standing open questions in this area. In this paper we answer this question in the affirmative, and devise a deterministic algorithm that employs Δ^{1 +o(1)} colors, and runs in polylogarithmic time. Specifically, the running time of our algorithm is O(f(Delta) log Delta log n), for an arbitrarily slow-growing function f(Delta) = ω(1). We can also produce O(Delta^{1 + η})-coloring in O(log Delta log n)-time, for an arbitrarily small constant η> 0, and O(Delta)-coloring in O(Delta^ε log n) time, for an arbitrarily small constant ε> 0.
Unification and Matching on Compressed Terms
Venue: arXiv cs.LO 2010
Year: 2010

Term unification plays an important role in many areas of computer science, especially in those related to logic. The universal mechanism of grammar-based compression for terms, in particular the so-called Singleton Tree Grammars (STG), have recently drawn considerable attention. Using STGs, terms of exponential size and height can be represented in linear space. Furthermore, the term representation by directed acyclic graphs (dags) can be efficiently simulated. The present paper is the result of an investigation on term unification and matching when the terms given as input are represented using different compression mechanisms for terms such as dags and Singleton Tree Grammars. We describe a polynomial time algorithm for context matching with dags, when the number of different context variables is fixed for the problem. For the same problem, NP-completeness is obtained when the terms are represented using the more general formalism of Singleton Tree Grammars. For first-order unification and matching polynomial time algorithms are presented, each of them improving previous results for those problems.
A Hybrid System based on Multi-Agent System in the Data Preprocessing Stage
Venue: arXiv cs.MA 2010
Year: 2010

We describe the usage of the Multi-agent system in the data preprocessing stage of an on-going project, called e-Wedding. The aim of this project is to utilize MAS and various approaches, like Web services, Ontology, and Data mining techniques, in e-Business that want to improve responsiveness and efficiency of systems so as to extract customer behavior model on Wedding Businesses. However, in this paper, we propose and implement the multi-agent-system, based on JADE, to only cope data preprocessing stage specified on handle with missing value techniques. JADE is quite easy to learn and use. Moreover, it supports many agent approaches such as agent communication, protocol, behavior and ontology. This framework has been experimented and evaluated in the realization of a simple, but realistic. The results, though still preliminary, are quite.
New Approach to Identify Common Eigenvalues of real matrices using Gerschgorin Theorem and Bisection method
Venue: arXiv cs.NA 2010
Year: 2010

In this paper, a new approach is presented to determine common eigenvalues of two matrices. It is based on Gerschgorin theorem and Bisection method. The proposed approach is simple and can be useful in image processing and noise estimation.
Securing Our Bluetooth Mobiles From Intruder Attack Using Enhanced Authentication Scheme And Plausible Exchange Algorithm
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2010
Year: 2010

When Bluetooth devices come within the range of another, an electronic conversation takes place to determine whether the devices in range are known or whether one needs to control the other. Most Bluetooth devices do not require any form of user interaction for this to occur. If devices within range are known to one another, the devices automatically form a network known as a pairing. Authentication addresses the identity of each communicating device. The sender sends an encrypted authentication request frame to the receiver. The receiver sends an encrypted challenge frame back to the sender. Both perform a predefined algorithm. The sender sends its findings back to the receiver, which in turn either allows or denies the connection. There are three different functions for authentication in Bluetooth-E1, E2, and E3. E1 is used when encrypting the authorization challenge-response values.E2 is for generating different link keys.E3 is used when creating the encryption key.
Reconfigurable Parallel Data Flow Architecture
Venue: arXiv cs.MA 2010
Year: 2010

This paper presents a reconfigurable parallel data flow architecture. This architecture uses the concepts of multi-agent paradigm in reconfigurable hardware systems. The utilization of this new paradigm has the potential to greatly increase the flexibility, efficiency, expandability of data flow systems and to provide an attractive alternative to the current set of disjoint approaches that are currently applied to this problem domain. The ability of methodology to implement data flow type processing with different models is presented in this paper.
Role of Data Mining in E-Payment systems
Venue: arXiv cs.DB 2010
Year: 2010

Data Mining deals extracting hidden knowledge, unexpected pattern and new rules from large database. Various customized data mining tools have been developed for domain specific applications such as Biomedicine, DNA analysis and telecommunication. Trends in data mining include further efforts towards the exploration of new application areas and methods for handling complex data types, algorithm scalability, constraint based data mining and visualization methods. In this paper we will present domain specific Secure Multiparty computation technique and applications. Data mining has matured as a field of basic and applied research in computer science in general. In this paper, we survey some of the recent approaches and architectures where data mining has been applied in the fields of e-payment systems. In this paper we limit our discussion to data mining in the context of e-payment systems. We also mention a few directions for further work in this domain, based on the survey.
FP-tree and COFI Based Approach for Mining of Multiple Level Association Rules in Large Databases
Venue: arXiv cs.OH 2010
Year: 2010

In recent years, discovery of association rules among itemsets in a large database has been described as an important database-mining problem. The problem of discovering association rules has received considerable research attention and several algorithms for mining frequent itemsets have been developed. Many algorithms have been proposed to discover rules at single concept level. However, mining association rules at multiple concept levels may lead to the discovery of more specific and concrete knowledge from data. The discovery of multiple level association rules is very much useful in many applications. In most of the studies for multiple level association rule mining, the database is scanned repeatedly which affects the efficiency of mining process. In this research paper, a new method for discovering multilevel association rules is proposed. It is based on FP-tree structure and uses cooccurrence frequent item tree to find frequent items in multilevel concept hierarchy.
A GA based Window Selection Methodology to Enhance Window based Multi wavelet transformation and thresholding aided CT image denoising technique
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2010
Year: 2010

Image denoising is getting more significance, especially in Computed Tomography (CT), which is an important and most common modality in medical imaging. This is mainly due to that the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis using CT image lies on the image quality. The denoising technique for CT images using window-based Multi-wavelet transformation and thresholding shows the effectiveness in denoising, however, a drawback exists in selecting the closer windows in the process of window-based multi-wavelet transformation and thresholding. Generally, the windows of the duplicate noisy image that are closer to each window of original noisy image are obtained by the checking them sequentially. This leads to the possibility of missing out very closer windows and so enhancement is required in the aforesaid process of the denoising technique. In this paper, we propose a GA-based window selection methodology to include the denoising technique. With the aid of the GA-based window selection methodology, the windows of the duplicate noisy image that are very closer to every window of the original noisy image are extracted in an effective manner. By incorporating the proposed GA-based window selection methodology, the denoising the CT image is performed effectively. Eventually, a comparison is made between the denoising technique with and without the proposed GA-based window selection methodology.
Efficient Parallel and Out of Core Algorithms for Constructing Large Bi-directed de Bruijn Graphs
Venue: arXiv cs.DS 2010
Year: 2010

Assembling genomic sequences from a set of overlapping reads is one of the most fundamental problems in computational biology. Algorithms addressing the assembly problem fall into two broad categories -- based on the data structures which they employ. The first class uses an overlap/string graph and the second type uses a de Bruijn graph. However with the recent advances in short read sequencing technology, de Bruijn graph based algorithms seem to play a vital role in practice. Efficient algorithms for building these massive de Bruijn graphs are very essential in large sequencing projects based on short reads. In Jackson et. al. ICPP-2008, an $O(n/p)$ time parallel algorithm has been given for this problem. Here $n$ is the size of the input and $p$ is the number of processors. This algorithm enumerates all possible bi-directed edges which can overlap with a node and ends up generating $Θ(nΣ)$ messages. In this paper we present a $Θ(n/p)$ time parallel algorithm with a communication complexity equal to that of parallel sorting and is not sensitive to $Σ$. The generality of our algorithm makes it very easy to extend it even to the out-of-core model and in this case it has an optimal I/O complexity of $Θ(\frac{n\log(n/B)}{B\log(M/B)})$. We demonstrate the scalability of our parallel algorithm on a SGI/Altix computer. A comparison of our algorithm with that of Jackson et. al. ICPP-2008 reveals that our algorithm is faster. We also provide efficient algorithms for the bi-directed chain compaction problem.
Need-based Communication for Smart Grid: When to Inquire Power Price?
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

In smart grid, a home appliance can adjust its power consumption level according to the realtime power price obtained from communication channels. Most studies on smart grid do not consider the cost of communications which cannot be ignored in many situations. Therefore, the total cost in smart grid should be jointly optimized with the communication cost. In this paper, a probabilistic mechanism of locational margin price (LMP) is applied and a model for the stochastic evolution of the underlying load which determines the power price is proposed. Based on this framework of power price, the problem of determining when to inquire the power price is formulated as a Markov decision process and the corresponding elements, namely the action space, system state and reward function, are defined. Dynamic programming is then applied to obtain the optimal strategy. A simpler myopic approach is proposed by comparing the cost of communications and the penalty incurred by using the old value of power price. Numerical results show the significant performance gain of the optimal strategy of price inquiry, as well as the near-optimality of the myopic approach.
Stochastic Games for Security in Networks with Interdependent Nodes
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2010
Year: 2010

This paper studies a stochastic game theoretic approach to security and intrusion detection in communication and computer networks. Specifically, an Attacker and a Defender take part in a two-player game over a network of nodes whose security assets and vulnerabilities are correlated. Such a network can be modeled using weighted directed graphs with the edges representing the influence among the nodes. The game can be formulated as a non-cooperative zero-sum or nonzero-sum stochastic game. However, due to correlation among the nodes, if some nodes are compromised, the effective security assets and vulnerabilities of the remaining ones will not stay the same in general, which leads to complex system dynamics. We examine existence, uniqueness, and structure of the solution and also provide numerical examples to illustrate our model.
A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS
Venue: arXiv cs.DL 2010
Year: 2010

VOS is a new mapping technique that can serve as an alternative to the well-known technique of multidimensional scaling. We present an extensive comparison between the use of multidimensional scaling and the use of VOS for constructing bibliometric maps. In our theoretical analysis, we show the mathematical relation between the two techniques. In our experimental analysis, we use the techniques for constructing maps of authors, journals, and keywords. Two commonly used approaches to bibliometric mapping, both based on multidimensional scaling, turn out to produce maps that suffer from artifacts. Maps constructed using VOS turn out not to have this problem. We conclude that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a data set than maps constructed using well-known multidimensional scaling approaches.