OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Developing and Deploying Industry Standards for Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED): Challenges, Strategies, and Future Directions
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) holds the promise of revolutionizing educational practices by offering personalized learning experiences, automating administrative and pedagogical tasks, and reducing the cost of content creation. However, the lack of standardized practices in the development and deployment of AIED solutions has led to fragmented ecosystems, which presents challenges in interoperability, scalability, and ethical governance. This article aims to address the critical need to develop and implement industry standards in AIED, offering a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, challenges, and strategic approaches to overcome these obstacles. We begin by examining the various applications of AIED in various educational settings and identify key areas lacking in standardization, including system interoperability, ontology mapping, data integration, evaluation, and ethical governance. Then, we propose a multi-tiered framework for establishing robust industry standards for AIED. In addition, we discuss methodologies for the iterative development and deployment of standards, incorporating feedback loops from real-world applications to refine and adapt standards over time. The paper also highlights the role of emerging technologies and pedagogical theories in shaping future standards for AIED. Finally, we outline a strategic roadmap for stakeholders to implement these standards, fostering a cohesive and ethical AIED ecosystem. By establishing comprehensive industry standards, such as those by IEEE Artificial Intelligence Standards Committee (AISC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), we can accelerate and scale AIED solutions to improve educational outcomes, ensuring that technological advances align with the principles of inclusivity, fairness, and educational excellence.
Application of GPT Language Models for Innovation in Activities in University Teaching
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

The GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models are an artificial intelligence and natural language processing technology that enables automatic text generation. There is a growing interest in applying GPT language models to university teaching in various dimensions. From the perspective of innovation in student and teacher activities, they can provide support in understanding and generating content, problem-solving, as well as personalization and test correction, among others. From the dimension of internationalization, the misuse of these models represents a global problem that requires taking a series of common measures in universities from different geographical areas. In several countries, there has been a review of assessment tools to ensure that work is done by students and not by AI. To this end, we have conducted a detailed experiment in a representative subject of Computer Science such as Software Engineering, which has focused on evaluating the use of ChatGPT as an assistant in theory activities, exercises, and laboratory practices, assessing its potential use as a support tool for both students and teachers.
MOTIV: Visual Exploration of Moral Framing in Social Media
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

We present a visual computing framework for analyzing moral rhetoric on social media around controversial topics. Using Moral Foundation Theory, we propose a methodology for deconstructing and visualizing the \textit{when}, \textit{where}, and \textit{who} behind each of these moral dimensions as expressed in microblog data. We characterize the design of this framework, developed in collaboration with experts from language processing, communications, and causal inference. Our approach integrates microblog data with multiple sources of geospatial and temporal data, and leverages unsupervised machine learning (generalized additive models) to support collaborative hypothesis discovery and testing. We implement this approach in a system named MOTIV. We illustrate this approach on two problems, one related to Stay-at-home policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other related to the Black Lives Matter movement. Through detailed case studies and discussions with collaborators, we identify several insights discovered regarding the different drivers of moral sentiment in social media. Our results indicate that this visual approach supports rapid, collaborative hypothesis testing, and can help give insights into the underlying moral values behind controversial political issues. Supplemental Material: https://osf.io/ygkzn/?view_only=6310c0886938415391d977b8aae8b749
Large language model-powered chatbots for internationalizing student support in higher education
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

This research explores the integration of chatbot technology powered by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 Turbo into higher education to enhance internationalization and leverage digital transformation. It delves into the design, implementation, and application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for improving student engagement, information access, and support. Utilizing technologies like Python 3, GPT API, LangChain, and Chroma Vector Store, the research emphasizes creating a high-quality, timely, and relevant transcript dataset for chatbot testing. Findings indicate the chatbot's efficacy in providing comprehensive responses, its preference over traditional methods by users, and a low error rate. Highlighting the chatbot's real-time engagement, memory capabilities, and critical data access, the study demonstrates its potential to elevate accessibility, efficiency, and satisfaction. Concluding, the research suggests the chatbot significantly aids higher education internationalization, proposing further investigation into digital technology's role in educational enhancement and strategy development.
ClimateQ&A: Bridging the gap between climate scientists and the general public
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

This research paper investigates public views on climate change and biodiversity loss by analyzing questions asked to the ClimateQ&A platform. ClimateQ&A is a conversational agent that uses LLMs to respond to queries based on over 14,000 pages of scientific literature from the IPCC and IPBES reports. Launched online in March 2023, the tool has gathered over 30,000 questions, mainly from a French audience. Its chatbot interface allows for the free formulation of questions related to nature*. While its main goal is to make nature science more accessible, it also allows for the collection and analysis of questions and their themes. Unlike traditional surveys involving closed questions, this novel method offers a fresh perspective on individual interrogations about nature. Running NLP clustering algorithms on a sample of 3,425 questions, we find that a significant 25.8% inquire about how climate change and biodiversity loss will affect them personally (e.g., where they live or vacation, their consumption habits) and the specific impacts of their actions on nature (e.g., transportation or food choices). This suggests that traditional methods of surveying may not identify all existing knowledge gaps, and that relying solely on IPCC and IPBES reports may not address all individual inquiries about climate and biodiversity, potentially affecting public understanding and action on these issues. *we use 'nature' as an umbrella term for 'climate change' and 'biodiversity loss'
Human-in-the-Loop AI for Cheating Ring Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2024
Year: 2024

Online exams have become popular in recent years due to their accessibility. However, some concerns have been raised about the security of the online exams, particularly in the context of professional cheating services aiding malicious test takers in passing exams, forming so-called "cheating rings". In this paper, we introduce a human-in-the-loop AI cheating ring detection system designed to detect and deter these cheating rings. We outline the underlying logic of this human-in-the-loop AI system, exploring its design principles tailored to achieve its objectives of detecting cheaters. Moreover, we illustrate the methodologies used to evaluate its performance and fairness, aiming to mitigate the unintended risks associated with the AI system. The design and development of the system adhere to Responsible AI (RAI) standards, ensuring that ethical considerations are integrated throughout the entire development process.
Compiler generated feedback for Large Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.PL 2024
Year: 2024

We introduce a novel paradigm in compiler optimization powered by Large Language Models with compiler feedback to optimize the code size of LLVM assembly. The model takes unoptimized LLVM IR as input and produces optimized IR, the best optimization passes, and instruction counts of both unoptimized and optimized IRs. Then we compile the input with generated optimization passes and evaluate if the predicted instruction count is correct, generated IR is compilable, and corresponds to compiled code. We provide this feedback back to LLM and give it another chance to optimize code. This approach adds an extra 0.53% improvement over -Oz to the original model. Even though, adding more information with feedback seems intuitive, simple sampling techniques achieve much higher performance given 10 or more samples.
Six Levels of Privacy: A Framework for Financial Synthetic Data
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2024
Year: 2024

Synthetic Data is increasingly important in financial applications. In addition to the benefits it provides, such as improved financial modeling and better testing procedures, it poses privacy risks as well. Such data may arise from client information, business information, or other proprietary sources that must be protected. Even though the process by which Synthetic Data is generated serves to obscure the original data to some degree, the extent to which privacy is preserved is hard to assess. Accordingly, we introduce a hierarchy of ``levels'' of privacy that are useful for categorizing Synthetic Data generation methods and the progressively improved protections they offer. While the six levels were devised in the context of financial applications, they may also be appropriate for other industries as well. Our paper includes: A brief overview of Financial Synthetic Data, how it can be used, how its value can be assessed, privacy risks, and privacy attacks. We close with details of the ``Six Levels'' that include defenses against those attacks.
Relaxed Clique Percolation and Disinformation-Resilient Domains for Social Commerce Networks
Venue: arXiv cs.SI 2024
Year: 2024

Must we trace and block all fake content in a social commerce network so that genuine users may enjoy fake-free information? Such efforts largely fail, because, as we get better at spam detection, spammers use the same advances for anti-detection. As a fundamentally new approach, we show that an online platform can aggregate and route user-generated content in a smart personalized way, which fosters and relies on "collective social responsibility". We introduce the notion of information aggregation domain, or simply, domain: composed for a given "central" node (user account), a domain is a connected set of nodes whose user-generated content is eligible to be used to meet the central node's information needs. Admitting malicious information sources - "bad citizen" nodes - into "good citizen" nodes' domains puts the good citizens at risk for disinformation attacks. We show how a platform can limit this risk by exploiting the social link structure between its nodes without the need to know which nodes are good or bad citizens. We introduce Relaxed Clique Percolation (RCP), a class of policies to compose personalized disinformation-resilient domains. Then, we define "RCP cores" and show how they can be used to efficiently compose resilient domains for all network nodes at once. Finally, we analyze the properties of RCP domains found in real-world social networks including Slashdot, Facebook, Flickr, and Yelp, to affirm that in practice, RCP domains turn out to be large and spatially diverse.
RIS-Aided Cooperative Mobile Edge Computing: Computation Efficiency Maximization via Joint Uplink and Downlink Resource Allocation
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2024
Year: 2024

In mobile edge computing (MEC) systems, the wireless channel condition is a critical factor affecting both the communication power consumption and computation rate of the offloading tasks. This paper exploits the idea of cooperative transmission and employing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in MEC to improve the channel condition and maximize computation efficiency (CE). The resulting problem couples various wireless resources in both uplink and downlink, which calls for the joint design of the user association, receive/downlink beamforming vectors, transmit power of users, task partition strategies for local computing and offloading, and uplink/downlink phase shifts at the RIS. To tackle the challenges brought by the combinatorial optimization problem, the group sparsity structure of the beamforming vectors determined by user association is exploited. Furthermore, while the CE does not explicitly depend on the downlink phase shifts, instead of simply finding a feasible solution, we exploit the hidden relationship between them and convert this relationship into an explicit form for optimization. Then the resulting problem is solved via the alternating maximization framework, and the nonconvexity of each subproblem is handled individually. Simulation results show that cooperative transmission and RIS deployment can significantly improve the CE and demonstrate the importance of optimizing the downlink phase shifts with an explicit form.
Multi-Agent VQA: Exploring Multi-Agent Foundation Models in Zero-Shot Visual Question Answering
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2024
Year: 2024

This work explores the zero-shot capabilities of foundation models in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks. We propose an adaptive multi-agent system, named Multi-Agent VQA, to overcome the limitations of foundation models in object detection and counting by using specialized agents as tools. Unlike existing approaches, our study focuses on the system's performance without fine-tuning it on specific VQA datasets, making it more practical and robust in the open world. We present preliminary experimental results under zero-shot scenarios and highlight some failure cases, offering new directions for future research.
Advanced Deep Operator Networks to Predict Multiphysics Solution Fields in Materials Processing and Additive Manufacturing
Venue: arXiv cs.CE 2024
Year: 2024

Unlike classical artificial neural networks, which require retraining for each new set of parametric inputs, the Deep Operator Network (DeepONet), a lately introduced deep learning framework, approximates linear and nonlinear solution operators by taking parametric functions (infinite-dimensional objects) as inputs and mapping them to complete solution fields. In this paper, two newly devised DeepONet formulations with sequential learning and Residual U-Net (ResUNet) architectures are trained for the first time to simultaneously predict complete thermal and mechanical solution fields under variable loading, loading histories, process parameters, and even variable geometries. Two real-world applications are demonstrated: 1- coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of steel continuous casting with multiple visco-plastic constitutive laws and 2- sequentially coupled direct energy deposition for additive manufacturing. Despite highly challenging spatially variable target stress distributions, DeepONets can infer reasonably accurate full-field temperature and stress solutions several orders of magnitude faster than traditional and highly optimized finite-element analysis (FEA), even when FEA simulations are run on the latest high-performance computing platforms. The proposed DeepONet model's ability to provide field predictions almost instantly for unseen input parameters opens the door for future preliminary evaluation and design optimization of these vital industrial processes.
Hyperspectral Neural Radiance Fields
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2024
Year: 2024

Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI) has been used in many applications to non-destructively determine the material and/or chemical compositions of samples. There is growing interest in creating 3D hyperspectral reconstructions, which could provide both spatial and spectral information while also mitigating common HSI challenges such as non-Lambertian surfaces and translucent objects. However, traditional 3D reconstruction with HSI is difficult due to technological limitations of hyperspectral cameras. In recent years, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have seen widespread success in creating high quality volumetric 3D representations of scenes captured by a variety of camera models. Leveraging recent advances in NeRFs, we propose computing a hyperspectral 3D reconstruction in which every point in space and view direction is characterized by wavelength-dependent radiance and transmittance spectra. To evaluate our approach, a dataset containing nearly 2000 hyperspectral images across 8 scenes and 2 cameras was collected. We perform comparisons against traditional RGB NeRF baselines and apply ablation testing with alternative spectra representations. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of hyperspectral NeRFs for hyperspectral super-resolution and imaging sensor simulation. We show that our hyperspectral NeRF approach enables creating fast, accurate volumetric 3D hyperspectral scenes and enables several new applications and areas for future study.
Local Causal Discovery with Linear non-Gaussian Cyclic Models
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2024
Year: 2024

Local causal discovery is of great practical significance, as there are often situations where the discovery of the global causal structure is unnecessary, and the interest lies solely on a single target variable. Most existing local methods utilize conditional independence relations, providing only a partially directed graph, and assume acyclicity for the ground-truth structure, even though real-world scenarios often involve cycles like feedback mechanisms. In this work, we present a general, unified local causal discovery method with linear non-Gaussian models, whether they are cyclic or acyclic. We extend the application of independent component analysis from the global context to independent subspace analysis, enabling the exact identification of the equivalent local directed structures and causal strengths from the Markov blanket of the target variable. We also propose an alternative regression-based method in the particular acyclic scenarios. Our identifiability results are empirically validated using both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Blockchain e Sistemas Distribuídos: conceitos básicos e implicações
Venue: arXiv cs.DC 2024
Year: 2024

Blockchain technology has emerged as a necessity for the decentralization of payment methods and transactions, but it has brought with it many properties of distributed systems that have made it a crucial technology for overcoming some of society's challenges, especially in the context of decentralizing services, transparency of information, availability, and security. Its architecture and communication methods, although possessing some complex nuances to understand, particularly for the lay audience in the field of distributed systems, protocols, and computer networks. In this article, we will explore some topics of distributed systems related to blockchain technology.
TEeVTOL: Balancing Energy and Time Efficiency in eVTOL Aircraft Path Planning Across City-Scale Wind Fields
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2024
Year: 2024

Electric vertical-takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, recognized for their maneuverability and flexibility, offer a promising alternative to our transportation system. However, the operational effectiveness of these aircraft faces many challenges, such as the delicate balance between energy and time efficiency, stemming from unpredictable environmental factors, including wind fields. Mathematical modeling-based approaches have been adopted to plan aircraft flight path in urban wind fields with the goal to save energy and time costs. While effective, they are limited in adapting to dynamic and complex environments. To optimize energy and time efficiency in eVTOL's flight through dynamic wind fields, we introduce a novel path planning method leveraging deep reinforcement learning. We assess our method with extensive experiments, comparing it to Dijkstra's algorithm -- the theoretically optimal approach for determining shortest paths in a weighted graph, where weights represent either energy or time cost. The results show that our method achieves a graceful balance between energy and time efficiency, closely resembling the theoretically optimal values for both objectives.
PECR: A formal system based on computability logic
Venue: arXiv cs.LO 2024
Year: 2024

PECR is a formal system designed to explore the properties of computability of programs on a real-world computer. As such PECR incorporates the finite resources of the machine upon which a program is to be executed. The main features of the formal system will be presented and its practical applications will be discussed. Of particular interest is the implementation of the formal system to the exploration of the laws of nature that lead to rigorous constructions of computer models of real-world phenomena.
Web-based Melanoma Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2024
Year: 2024

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and early detection can significantly increase survival rates and prevent cancer spread. However, developing reliable automated detection techniques is difficult due to the lack of standardized datasets and evaluation methods. This study introduces a unified melanoma classification approach that supports 54 combinations of 11 datasets and 24 state-of-the-art deep learning architectures. It enables a fair comparison of 1,296 experiments and results in a lightweight model deployable to the web-based MeshNet architecture named Mela-D. This approach can run up to 33x faster by reducing parameters 24x to yield an analogous 88.8\% accuracy comparable with ResNet50 on previously unseen images. This allows efficient and accurate melanoma detection in real-world settings that can run on consumer-level hardware.
Snail: Secure Single Iteration Localization
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2024
Year: 2024

Localization is a computer vision task by which the position and orientation of a camera is determined from an image and environmental map. We propose a method for performing localization in a privacy preserving manner supporting two scenarios: first, when the image and map are held by a client who wishes to offload localization to untrusted third parties, and second, when the image and map are held separately by untrusting parties. Privacy preserving localization is necessary when the image and map are confidential, and offloading conserves on-device power and frees resources for other tasks. To accomplish this we integrate existing localization methods and secure multi-party computation (MPC), specifically garbled circuits, yielding proof-based security guarantees in contrast to existing obfuscation-based approaches which recent related work has shown vulnerable. We present two approaches to localization, a baseline data-oblivious adaptation of localization suitable for garbled circuits and our novel Single Iteration Localization. Our technique improves overall performance while maintaining confidentiality of the input image, map, and output pose at the expense of increased communication rounds but reduced computation and communication required per round. Single Iteration Localization is over two orders of magnitude faster than a straightforward application of garbled circuits to localization enabling real-world usage in the first robot to offload localization without revealing input images, environmental map, position, or orientation to offload servers.