OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Failure Detection in Chemical Processes using Symbolic Machine Learning: A Case Study on Ethylene Oxidation
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

Over the past decade, Artificial Intelligence has significantly advanced, mostly driven by large-scale neural approaches. However, in the chemical process industry, where safety is critical, these methods are often unsuitable due to their brittleness, and lack of explainability and interpretability. Furthermore, open-source real-world datasets containing historical failures are scarce in this domain. In this paper, we investigate an approach for predicting failures in chemical processes using symbolic machine learning and conduct a feasibility study in the context of an ethylene oxidation process. Our method builds on a state-of-the-art symbolic machine learning system capable of learning predictive models in the form of probabilistic rules from context-dependent noisy examples. This system is a general-purpose symbolic learner, which makes our approach independent of any specific chemical process. To address the lack of real-world failure data, we conduct our feasibility study leveraging data generated from a chemical process simulator. Experimental results show that symbolic machine learning can outperform baseline methods such as random forest and multilayer perceptron, while preserving interpretability through the generation of compact, rule-based predictive models. Finally, we explain how such learned rule-based models could be integrated into agents to assist chemical plant operators in decision-making during potential failures.
SpatialMAGIC: A Hybrid Framework Integrating Graph Diffusion and Spatial Attention for Spatial Transcriptomics Imputation
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables mapping gene expression with spatial context but is severely affected by high sparsity and technical noise, which conceals true biological signals and hinders downstream analyses. To address these challenges, SpatialMagic was proposed, which is a hybrid imputation model combining MAGIC-based graph diffusion with transformer-based spatial self-attention. The long-range dependencies in the gene expression are captured by graph diffusion, and local neighborhood structure is captured by spatial attention models, which allow for recovering the missing expression values, retaining spatial consistency. Across multiple platforms, SpatialMagic consistently outperforms existing baselines, including MAGIC and attention-based models, achieving peak Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) scores in clustering accuracy of 0.3301 on high-resolution Stereo-Seq data, 0.3074 on Slide-Seq, and 0.4216 on the Sci-Space dataset. Beyond quantitative improvements, SpatialMagic substantially enhances downstream biological analyses by improving the detection of both up- and down-regulated genes while maintaining regulatory consistency across datasets. The pathway enrichment analysis of the recovered genes indicates that they are involved in consistent processes across key metabolic, transport, and neural signaling pathways, suggesting that the framework improves data quality while preserving biological interpretability. Overall, SpatialMagic's hybrid diffusion attention strategy and refinement module outperform state-of-the-art baselines on quantitative metrics and provide a better understanding of the imputed data by preserving tissue architecture and uncovering biologically relevant genes. The source code and datasets are provided in the following link: https://github.com/sayeemzzaman/SpatialMAGIC
xaitimesynth: A Python Package for Evaluating Attribution Methods for Time Series with Synthetic Ground Truth
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

Evaluating time series attribution methods is difficult because real-world datasets rarely provide ground truth for which time points drive a prediction. A common workaround is to generate synthetic data where class-discriminating features are placed at known locations, but each study currently reimplements this from scratch. We introduce xaitimesynth, a Python package that provides reusable infrastructure for this evaluation approach. The package generates synthetic time series following an additive model where each sample is a sum of background signal and a localized, class-discriminating feature, with the feature window automatically tracked as a ground truth mask. A fluent data generation API and YAML configuration format allow flexible and reproducible dataset definitions for both univariate and multivariate time series. The package also provides standard localization metrics, including AUC-PR, AUC-ROC, Relevance Mass Accuracy, and Relevance Rank Accuracy. xaitimesynth is open source and available at https://github.com/gregorbaer/xaitimesynth.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Cerebral Palsy Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2026
Year: 2026

The development of effective treatments for Cerebral Palsy (CP) can begin with the early identification of affected children while they are still in the early stages of the disorder. Pathological issues in the brain can be better diagnosed with the use of one of many medical imaging techniques. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical imaging with its unparalleled image resolution. A unique Machine Learning (ML) model that was built to identify CP disorder is presented in this paper. The model is intended to assist in the early diagnosis of CP in newborns. In this study, the brain MRI images dataset was first collected, and then the preprocessing techniques were applied to this dataset to make it ready for use in the proposed model. Following this, the proposed model was constructed by combining three CNN models, specifically VGG 19, Efficient-Net, and the ResNet50 model, to extract features from the image. Following this, a Bi-LSTM was utilized as a classifier to determine whether or not CP was present, and finally, the proposed model was employed for training and testing. The results show that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 98.83%, which is higher than VGG-19 (96.79%), Efficient-Net (97.29%), and VGG-16 (97.50%).. When the suggested model is compared to other models that have been pre-trained in the past, the accuracy scores seem to be much higher.
Receding-Horizon Nullspace Optimization for Actuation-Aware Control Allocation in Omnidirectional UAVs
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2026
Year: 2026

Fully actuated omnidirectional UAVs enable independent control of forces and torques along all six degrees of freedom, broadening the operational envelope for agile flight and aerial interaction tasks. However, conventional control allocation methods neglect the asymmetric dynamics of the onboard actuators, which can induce oscillatory motor commands and degrade trajectory tracking during dynamic maneuvers. This work proposes a receding-horizon, actuation-aware allocation strategy that explicitly incorporates asymmetric motor dynamics and exploits the redundancy of over-actuated platforms through nullspace optimization. By forward-simulating the closed-loop system over a prediction horizon, the method anticipates actuator-induced oscillations and suppresses them through smooth redistribution of motor commands, while preserving the desired body wrench exactly. The approach is formulated as a constrained optimal control problem solved online via Constrained iterative LQR. Simulation results on the OmniOcta platform demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces motor command oscillations compared to a conventional single-step quadratic programming allocator, yielding improved trajectory tracking in both position and orientation.
From Job Postings to Curriculum Decisions: Using AI to Generate Workforce Intelligence for MSW Program Planning
Venue: arXiv cs.DL 2026
Year: 2026

Social work programs lack systematic methods to align curricula with employer expectations, typically relying on advisory input and alumni surveys rather than direct analysis of workforce requirements. This paper presents a case study demonstrating how one MSW program used artificial intelligence tools to generate organizational intelligence from job posting data for curriculum planning. Using a locally deployed language model, we classified over 40,000 job postings for MSW relevance and alignment with eight practice specializations, then extracted skills, therapeutic modalities, and technology competencies. Interpersonal Practice dominated the employment landscape, followed by Children, Youth, and Families. Clinical Assessment and Case Management emerged as cross-cutting competencies. Macro-level specializations showed co-occurrence patterns among partially aligned positions that largely disappeared among positions requiring MSW credentials specifically. Trauma-informed care appeared in management and evaluation roles, reflecting its expansion from clinical modality to organizational framework. The methodology demonstrates a transferable approach that other programs can adapt for strategic planning, and the findings illustrate the type of intelligence such analysis can yield. The patterns identified entered faculty deliberation as one input among many, interpreted by stakeholders with contextual knowledge no dataset can fully capture.
Evaluating Multi-Agent LLM Architectures for Rare Disease Diagnosis
Venue: arXiv cs.MA 2026
Year: 2026

While large language models are capable diagnostic tools, the impact of multi-agent topology on diagnostic accuracy remains underexplored. This study evaluates four agent topologies, Control (single agent), Hierarchical, Adversarial, and Collaborative, across 302 cases spanning 33 rare disease categories. We introduce a Reasoning Gap metric to quantify the difference between internal knowledge retrieval and final diagnostic accuracy. Results indicate that the Hierarchical topology (50.0% accuracy) marginally outperforms Collaborative (49.8%) and Control (48.5%) configurations. In contrast, the Adversarial model significantly degrades performance (27.3%), exhibiting a massive Reasoning Gap where valid diagnoses were rejected due to artificial doubt. Across all architectures, performance was strongest in Allergic diseases and Toxic Effects categories but poorest in Cardiac Malformation and Respiratory cases. Critically, while the single-agent baseline was generally robust, all multi-agent systems, including the Adversarial model, yielded superior accuracy in Bone and Thoracic disease categories. These findings demonstrate that increasing system complexity does not guarantee better reasoning, supporting a shift toward dynamic topology selection.
LieCraft: A Multi-Agent Framework for Evaluating Deceptive Capabilities in Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.AI 2026
Year: 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive general-purpose capabilities but also introduce serious safety risks, particularly the potential for deception as models acquire increased agency and human oversight diminishes. In this work, we present LieCraft: a novel evaluation framework and sandbox for measuring LLM deception that addresses key limitations of prior game-based evaluations. At its core, LieCraft is a novel multiplayer hidden-role game in which players select an ethical alignment and execute strategies over a long time-horizon to accomplish missions. Cooperators work together to solve event challenges and expose bad actors, while Defectors evade suspicion while secretly sabotaging missions. To enable real-world relevance, we develop 10 grounded scenarios such as childcare, hospital resource allocation, and loan underwriting that recontextualize the underlying mechanics in ethically significant, high-stakes domains. We ensure balanced gameplay in LieCraft through careful design of game mechanics and reward structures that incentivize meaningful strategic choices while eliminating degenerate strategies. Beyond the framework itself, we report results from 12 state-of-the-art LLMs across three behavioral axes: propensity to defect, deception skill, and accusation accuracy. Our findings reveal that despite differences in competence and overall alignment, all models are willing to act unethically, conceal their intentions, and outright lie to pursue their goals.
OPTED: Open Preprocessed Trachoma Eye Dataset Using Zero-Shot SAM 3 Segmentation
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2026
Year: 2026

Trachoma remains the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, with Sub-Saharan Africa bearing over 85% of the global burden and Ethiopia alone accounting for more than half of all cases. Yet publicly available preprocessed datasets for automated trachoma classification are scarce, and none originate from the most affected region. Raw clinical photographs of eyelids contain significant background noise that hinders direct use in machine learning pipelines. We present OPTED, an open-source preprocessed trachoma eye dataset constructed using the Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM 3) for automated region-of-interest extraction. We describe a reproducible four-step pipeline: (1) text-prompt-based zero-shot segmentation of the tarsal conjunctiva using SAM 3, (2) background removal and bounding-box cropping with alignment, (3) quality filtering based on confidence scores, and (4) Lanczos resizing to 224x224 pixels. A separate prompt-selection stage identifies the optimal text prompt, and manual quality assurance verifies outputs. Through comparison of five candidate prompts on all 2,832 known-label images, we identify "inner surface of eyelid with red tissue" as optimal, achieving a mean confidence of 0.872 (std 0.070) and 99.5% detection rate (the remaining 13 images are recovered via fallback prompts). The pipeline produces outputs in two formats: cropped and aligned images preserving the original aspect ratio, and standardized 224x224 images ready for pre-trained architectures. The OPTED dataset, preprocessing code, and all experimental artifacts are released as open source to facilitate reproducible trachoma classification research.
Language Shapes Mental Health Evaluations in Large Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit cross-linguistic differences in mental health evaluations. Focusing on Chinese and English, we examine two widely used models, GPT-4o and Qwen3, to assess whether prompt language systematically shifts mental health-related evaluations and downstream decision outcomes. First, we assess models' evaluative orientation toward mental health stigma using multiple validated measurement scales capturing social stigma, self-stigma, and professional stigma. Across all measures, both models produce higher stigma-related responses when prompted in Chinese than in English. Second, we examine whether these differences also manifest in two common downstream decision tasks in mental health. In a binary mental health stigma detection task, sensitivity to stigmatizing content varies across language prompts, with lower sensitivity observed under Chinese prompts. In a depression severity classification task, predicted severity also differs by prompt language, with Chinese prompts associated with more underestimation errors, indicating a systematic downward shift in predicted severity relative to English prompts. Together, these findings suggest that language context can systematically shape evaluative patterns in LLM outputs and shift decision thresholds in downstream tasks.
PaQ-DETR: Learning Pattern and Quality-Aware Dynamic Queries for Object Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2026
Year: 2026

Detection Transformer (DETR) has redefined object detection by casting it as a set prediction task within an end-to-end framework. Despite its elegance, DETR and its variants still rely on fixed learnable queries and suffer from severe query utilization imbalance, which limits adaptability and leaves the model capacity underused. We propose PaQ-DETR (Pattern and Quality-Aware DETR), a unified framework that enhances both query adaptivity and supervision balance. It learns a compact set of shared latent patterns capturing global semantics and dynamically generates image-specific queries through content-conditioned weighting. In parallel, a quality-aware one-to-many assignment strategy adaptively selects positive samples based on localizatio-classification consistency, enriching supervision and promoting balanced query optimization. Experiments on COCO, CityScapes, and other benchmarks show consistent gains of 1.5%-4.2% mAP across DETR backbones, including ResNet and Swin-Transformer. Beyond accuracy improvement, our method provides interpretable insights into how dynamic patterns cluster semantically across object categories.
DLRMamba: Distilling Low-Rank Mamba for Edge Multispectral Fusion Object Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2026
Year: 2026

Multispectral fusion object detection is a critical task for edge-based maritime surveillance and remote sensing, demanding both high inference efficiency and robust feature representation for high-resolution inputs. However, current State Space Models (SSMs) like Mamba suffer from significant parameter redundancy in their standard 2D Selective Scan (SS2D) blocks, which hinders deployment on resource-constrained hardware and leads to the loss of fine-grained structural information during conventional compression. To address these challenges, we propose the Low-Rank Two-Dimensional Selective Structured State Space Model (Low-Rank SS2D), which reformulates state transitions via matrix factorization to exploit intrinsic feature sparsity. Furthermore, we introduce a Structure-Aware Distillation strategy that aligns the internal latent state dynamics of the student with a full-rank teacher model to compensate for potential representation degradation. This approach substantially reduces computational complexity and memory footprint while preserving the high-fidelity spatial modeling required for object recognition. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets and real-world edge platforms, such as Raspberry Pi 5, demonstrate that our method achieves a superior efficiency-accuracy trade-off, significantly outperforming existing lightweight architectures in practical deployment scenarios.
LIPP: Load-Aware Informative Path Planning with Physical Sampling
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2026
Year: 2026

In classical Informative Path Planning (C-IPP), robots are typically modeled as mobile sensors that acquire digital measurements such as images or radiation levels. In this model - since making a measurement leaves the robot's physical state unchanged - traversal costs are determined solely by the path taken. This is a natural assumption for many missions, but does not extend to settings involving physical sample collection, where each collected sample adds mass and increases the energy cost of all subsequent motion. As a result, IPP formulations that ignore this coupling between information gain and load-dependent traversal cost can produce plans that are distance-efficient but energy-suboptimal, collecting fewer samples and less data than the energy budget would permit. In this paper, we introduce Load-aware Informative Path Planning (LIPP ), a generalization of C-IPP that explicitly models this coupling and the resulting order-dependent traversal costs. We formulate LIPP as a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP) that jointly optimizes routing, visitation order, and per-location sampling count under an energy budget. We show that LIPP strictly generalizes C-IPP: as sample unit mass $λ\to 0$, the load-dependent energy model reduces exactly to the classical distance budget constraint, recovering C-IPP as a special case. We further derive theoretical bounds on the path-length increase of LIPP relative to C-IPP, characterizing the trade-off for improved energy efficiency. Finally, through extensive simulations across 2000 diverse mission scenarios, we demonstrate that LIPP matches the behavior of C-IPP at zero sample mass and progressively achieves higher uncertainty reduction per unit energy as sample mass increases.
A Contrastive Fewshot RGBD Traversability Segmentation Framework for Indoor Robotic Navigation
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2026
Year: 2026

Indoor traversability segmentation aims to identify safe, navigable free space for autonomous agents, which is critical for robotic navigation. Pure vision-based models often fail to detect thin obstacles, such as chair legs, which can pose serious safety risks. We propose a multi-modal segmentation framework that leverages RGB images and sparse 1D laser depth information to capture geometric interactions and improve the detection of challenging obstacles. To reduce the reliance on large labeled datasets, we adopt the few-shot segmentation (FSS) paradigm, enabling the model to generalize from limited annotated examples. Traditional FSS methods focus solely on positive prototypes, often leading to overfitting to the support set and poor generalization. To address this, we introduce a negative contrastive learning (NCL) branch that leverages negative prototypes (obstacles) to refine free-space predictions. Additionally, we design a two-stage attention depth module to align 1D depth vectors with RGB images both horizontally and vertically. Extensive experiments on our custom-collected indoor RGB-D traversability dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art FSS and RGB-D segmentation baselines, achieving up to 9\% higher mIoU under both 1-shot and 5-shot settings. These results highlight the effectiveness of leveraging negative prototypes and sparse depth for robust and efficient traversability segmentation.
Is Your Safe Controller Actually Safe? A Critical Review of CBF Tautologies and Hidden Assumptions
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2026
Year: 2026

This tutorial provides a critical review of the practical application of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) in robotic safety. While the theoretical foundations of CBFs are well-established, I identify a recurring gap between the mathematical assumption of a safe controller's existence and its constructive realization in systems with input constraints. I highlight the distinction between candidate and valid CBFs by analyzing the interplay of system dynamics, actuation limits, and class-K functions. I further show that some purported demonstrations of safe robot policies or controllers are limited to passively safe systems, such as single integrators or kinematic manipulators, where safety is already inherited from the underlying physics and even naive geometric hard constraints suffice to prevent collisions. By revisiting simple low-dimensional examples, I show when CBF formulations provide valid safety guarantees and when they fail due to common misuses. I then provide practical guidelines for constructing realizable safety arguments for systems without such passive safety. The goal of this tutorial is to bridge the gap between theoretical guarantees and actual implementation, supported by an open-source interactive web demonstration that visualizes these concepts intuitively.