OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Odoo-based Subcontract Inter-site Access Control Mechanism for Construction Projects
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2025
Year: 2025

In the era of Construction 4.0, the industry is embracing a new paradigm of labor elasticity, driven by smart and flexible outsourcing and subcontracting strategies. The increased reliance on specialized subcontractors enables companies to scale labor dynamically based on project demands. This adaptable workforce model presents challenges in managing hierarchical integration and coordinating inter-site collaboration. Our design introduces a subsystem integrated into the Odoo ERP framework, employing a modular architecture to streamline labor management, task tracking, and approval workflows. The system adopts a three-pronged approach to ensure synchronized data exchange between general contractors and subcontractors, while maintaining both security and operational independence. The system features hybrid access control, third-party integration for cross-domain communication, and role-based mapping algorithm across sites. The system supports varying degrees of customization through a unified and consolidated attribute mapping center. This center leverages a tree-like index structure and Lagrange interpolation method to enhance the efficiency of role mapping. Demonstrations highlight practical application in outsourcing, integration, and scalability scenarios, confirming the system's robustness under high user volumes and in offline conditions. Experimental results further show improvements in database performance and workflow adaptability to support a scalable, enterprise-level solution that aligns with the evolving demands of smart construction management.
AI-Assisted Modeling: DSL-Driven AI Interactions
Venue: arXiv cs.PL 2025
Year: 2025

AI-assisted programming greatly increases software development performance. We enhance this potential by integrating transparency through domain-specific modeling techniques and providing instantaneous, graphical visualizations that accurately represent the semantics of AI-generated code. This approach facilitates visual inspection and formal verification, such as model checking. Formal models can be developed using programming, natural language prompts, voice commands, and stage-wise refinement, with immediate feedback after each transformation step. This support can be tailored to specific domains or intended purposes, improving both code generation and subsequent validation processes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we have developed a prototype as a Visual Studio Code extension for the Lingua Franca language. This prototype showcases the potential for novel domain-specific modeling practices, offering an advancement in how models are created, visualized, and verified.
Triadic Fusion of Cognitive, Functional, and Causal Dimensions for Explainable LLMs: The TAXAL Framework
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2025
Year: 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in high-risk domains where opacity, bias, and instability undermine trust and accountability. Traditional explainability methods, focused on surface outputs, do not capture the reasoning pathways, planning logic, and systemic impacts of agentic LLMs. We introduce TAXAL (Triadic Alignment for eXplainability in Agentic LLMs), a triadic fusion framework that unites three complementary dimensions: cognitive (user understanding), functional (practical utility), and causal (faithful reasoning). TAXAL provides a unified, role-sensitive foundation for designing, evaluating, and deploying explanations in diverse sociotechnical settings. Our analysis synthesizes existing methods, ranging from post-hoc attribution and dialogic interfaces to explanation-aware prompting, and situates them within the TAXAL triadic fusion model. We further demonstrate its applicability through case studies in law, education, healthcare, and public services, showing how explanation strategies adapt to institutional constraints and stakeholder roles. By combining conceptual clarity with design patterns and deployment pathways, TAXAL advances explainability as a technical and sociotechnical practice, supporting trustworthy and context-sensitive LLM applications in the era of agentic AI.
RapidGNN: Energy and Communication-Efficient Distributed Training on Large-Scale Graph Neural Networks
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become popular across a diverse set of tasks in exploring structural relationships between entities. However, due to the highly connected structure of the datasets, distributed training of GNNs on large-scale graphs poses significant challenges. Traditional sampling-based approaches mitigate the computational loads, yet the communication overhead remains a challenge. This paper presents RapidGNN, a distributed GNN training framework with deterministic sampling-based scheduling to enable efficient cache construction and prefetching of remote features. Evaluation on benchmark graph datasets demonstrates RapidGNN's effectiveness across different scales and topologies. RapidGNN improves end-to-end training throughput by 2.46x to 3.00x on average over baseline methods across the benchmark datasets, while cutting remote feature fetches by over 9.70x to 15.39x. RapidGNN further demonstrates near-linear scalability with an increasing number of computing units efficiently. Furthermore, it achieves increased energy efficiency over the baseline methods for both CPU and GPU by 44% and 32%, respectively.
Hunyuan-MT Technical Report
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2025
Year: 2025

In this report, we introduce Hunyuan-MT-7B, our first open-source multilingual translation model, which supports bidirectional translation across 33 major languages and places a special emphasis on translation between Mandarin and several ethnic minority languages as well as dialects. Furthermore, to serve and address diverse translation scenarios and enhance model performance at test time, we introduce Hunyuan-MT-Chimera-7B, a translation model inspired by the slow thinking mode. This model integrates multiple outputs generated by the Hunyuan-MT-7B model under varying parameter settings, thereby achieving performance superior to that of conventional slow-thinking models based on Chain-of-Thought (CoT). The development of our models follows a holistic training process specifically engineered for multilingual translation, which begins with general and MT-oriented pre-training to build foundational capabilities, proceeds to Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) for task-specific adaptation, and culminates in advanced alignment through Reinforcement Learning (RL) and weak-to-strong RL. Through comprehensive experimentation, we demonstrate that both Hunyuan-MT-7B and Hunyuan-MT-Chimera-7B significantly outperform all translation-specific models of comparable parameter size and most of the SOTA large models, particularly on the task of translation between Mandarin and minority languages as well as dialects. In the WMT2025 shared task (General Machine Translation), our models demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, ranking first in 30 out of 31 language pairs. This result highlights the robustness of our models across a diverse linguistic spectrum, encompassing high-resource languages such as Chinese, English, and Japanese, as well as low-resource languages including Czech, Marathi, Estonian, and Icelandic.
Conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search
Venue: arXiv cs.HC 2025
Year: 2025

Conversational AI systems are increasingly being used in place of traditional search engines to help users complete information-seeking tasks. This has raised concerns in the political domain, where biased or hallucinated outputs could misinform voters or distort public opinion. However, in spite of these concerns, the extent to which conversational AI is used for political information-seeking, as well the potential impact of this use on users' political knowledge, remains uncertain. Here, we address these questions: First, in a representative national survey of the UK public (N = 2,499), we find that in the week before the 2024 election as many as 32% of chatbot users - and 13% of eligible UK voters - have used conversational AI to seek political information relevant to their electoral choice. Second, in a series of randomised controlled trials (N = 2,858 total) we find that across issues, models, and prompting strategies, conversations with AI increase political knowledge (increase belief in true information and decrease belief in misinformation) to the same extent as self-directed internet search. Taken together, our results suggest that although people in the UK are increasingly turning to conversational AI for information about politics, this shift may not lead to increased public belief in political misinformation.
SpikingBrain: Spiking Brain-inspired Large Models
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

Mainstream Transformer-based large language models face major efficiency bottlenecks: training computation scales quadratically with sequence length, and inference memory grows linearly, limiting long-context processing. Building large models on non-NVIDIA platforms also poses challenges for stable and efficient training. To address this, we introduce SpikingBrain, a family of brain-inspired models designed for efficient long-context training and inference. SpikingBrain leverages the MetaX GPU cluster and focuses on three aspects: (1) Model Architecture: linear and hybrid-linear attention architectures with adaptive spiking neurons; (2) Algorithmic Optimizations: an efficient, conversion-based training pipeline and a dedicated spike coding framework; (3) System Engineering: customized training frameworks, operator libraries, and parallelism strategies tailored to MetaX hardware. Using these techniques, we develop two models: SpikingBrain-7B, a linear LLM, and SpikingBrain-76B, a hybrid-linear MoE LLM. These models demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale LLM development on non-NVIDIA platforms, and training remains stable for weeks on hundreds of MetaX GPUs with Model FLOPs Utilization at expected levels. SpikingBrain achieves performance comparable to open-source Transformer baselines while using only about 150B tokens for continual pre-training. Our models also significantly improve long-context efficiency and deliver inference with (partially) constant memory and event-driven spiking behavior. For example, SpikingBrain-7B attains over 100x speedup in Time to First Token for 4M-token sequences. Furthermore, the proposed spiking scheme achieves 69.15 percent sparsity, enabling low-power operation. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of brain-inspired mechanisms to drive the next generation of efficient and scalable large model design.
Livia: An Emotion-Aware AR Companion Powered by Modular AI Agents and Progressive Memory Compression
Venue: arXiv cs.HC 2025
Year: 2025

Loneliness and social isolation pose significant emotional and health challenges, prompting the development of technology-based solutions for companionship and emotional support. This paper introduces Livia, an emotion-aware augmented reality (AR) companion app designed to provide personalized emotional support by combining modular artificial intelligence (AI) agents, multimodal affective computing, progressive memory compression, and AR driven embodied interaction. Livia employs a modular AI architecture with specialized agents responsible for emotion analysis, dialogue generation, memory management, and behavioral orchestration, ensuring robust and adaptive interactions. Two novel algorithms-Temporal Binary Compression (TBC) and Dynamic Importance Memory Filter (DIMF)-effectively manage and prioritize long-term memory, significantly reducing storage requirements while retaining critical context. Our multimodal emotion detection approach achieves high accuracy, enhancing proactive and empathetic engagement. User evaluations demonstrated increased emotional bonds, improved satisfaction, and statistically significant reductions in loneliness. Users particularly valued Livia's adaptive personality evolution and realistic AR embodiment. Future research directions include expanding gesture and tactile interactions, supporting multi-user experiences, and exploring customized hardware implementations.
Multi-IaC-Eval: Benchmarking Cloud Infrastructure as Code Across Multiple Formats
Venue: arXiv cs.DC 2025
Year: 2025

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is fundamental to modern cloud computing, enabling teams to define and manage infrastructure through machine-readable configuration files. However, different cloud service providers utilize diverse IaC formats. The lack of a standardized format requires cloud architects to be proficient in multiple IaC languages, adding complexity to cloud deployment. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating IaC creation and maintenance, progress has been limited by the lack of comprehensive benchmarks across multiple IaC formats. We present Multi-IaC-Bench, a novel benchmark dataset for evaluating LLM-based IaC generation and mutation across AWS CloudFormation, Terraform, and Cloud Development Kit (CDK) formats. The dataset consists of triplets containing initial IaC templates, natural language modification requests, and corresponding updated templates, created through a synthetic data generation pipeline with rigorous validation. We evaluate several state-of-the-art LLMs on Multi-IaC-Bench, demonstrating that while modern LLMs can achieve high success rates (>95%) in generating syntactically valid IaC across formats, significant challenges remain in semantic alignment and handling complex infrastructure patterns. Our ablation studies highlight the importance of prompt engineering and retry mechanisms in successful IaC generation. We release Multi-IaC-Bench to facilitate further research in AI-assisted infrastructure management and establish standardized evaluation metrics for this crucial domain.
Evaluation of Large Language Models for Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Vehicles
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2025
Year: 2025

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has pushed their boundaries to many applications in various domains. Recently, the research community has started to evaluate their potential adoption in autonomous vehicles and especially as complementary modules in the perception and planning software stacks. However, their evaluation is limited in synthetic datasets or manually driving datasets without the ground truth knowledge and more precisely, how the current perception and planning algorithms would perform in the cases under evaluation. For this reason, this work evaluates LLMs on real-world edge cases where current autonomous vehicles have been proven to fail. The proposed architecture consists of an open vocabulary object detector coupled with prompt engineering and large language model contextual reasoning. We evaluate several state-of-the-art models against real edge cases and provide qualitative comparison results along with a discussion on the findings for the potential application of LLMs as anomaly detectors in autonomous vehicles.
Standard vs. Modular Sampling: Best Practices for Reliable LLM Unlearning
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

A conventional LLM Unlearning setting consists of two subsets -"forget" and "retain", with the objectives of removing the undesired knowledge from the forget set while preserving the remaining knowledge from the retain. In privacy-focused unlearning research, a retain set is often further divided into neighbor sets, containing either directly or indirectly connected to the forget targets; and augmented by a general-knowledge set. A common practice in existing benchmarks is to employ only a single neighbor set, with general knowledge which fails to reflect the real-world data complexities and relationships. LLM Unlearning typically involves 1:1 sampling or cyclic iteration sampling. However, the efficacy and stability of these de facto standards have not been critically examined. In this study, we systematically evaluate these common practices. Our findings reveal that relying on a single neighbor set is suboptimal and that a standard sampling approach can obscure performance trade-offs. Based on this analysis, we propose and validate an initial set of best practices: (1) Incorporation of diverse neighbor sets to balance forget efficacy and model utility, (2) Standard 1:1 sampling methods are inefficient and yield poor results, (3) Our proposed Modular Entity-Level Unlearning (MELU) strategy as an alternative to cyclic sampling. We demonstrate that this modular approach, combined with robust algorithms, provides a clear and stable path towards effective unlearning.
VILOD: A Visual Interactive Labeling Tool for Object Detection
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

The advancement of Object Detection (OD) using Deep Learning (DL) is often hindered by the significant challenge of acquiring large, accurately labeled datasets, a process that is time-consuming and expensive. While techniques like Active Learning (AL) can reduce annotation effort by intelligently querying informative samples, they often lack transparency, limit the strategic insight of human experts, and may overlook informative samples not aligned with an employed query strategy. To mitigate these issues, Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approaches integrating human intelligence and intuition throughout the machine learning life-cycle have gained traction. Leveraging Visual Analytics (VA), effective interfaces can be created to facilitate this human-AI collaboration. This thesis explores the intersection of these fields by developing and investigating "VILOD: A Visual Interactive Labeling tool for Object Detection". VILOD utilizes components such as a t-SNE projection of image features, together with uncertainty heatmaps and model state views. Enabling users to explore data, interpret model states, AL suggestions, and implement diverse sample selection strategies within an iterative HITL workflow for OD. An empirical investigation using comparative use cases demonstrated how VILOD, through its interactive visualizations, facilitates the implementation of distinct labeling strategies by making the model's state and dataset characteristics more interpretable (RQ1). The study showed that different visually-guided labeling strategies employed within VILOD result in competitive OD performance trajectories compared to an automated uncertainty sampling AL baseline (RQ2). This work contributes a novel tool and empirical insight into making the HITL-AL workflow for OD annotation more transparent, manageable, and potentially more effective.
MVRS: The Multimodal Virtual Reality Stimuli-based Emotion Recognition Dataset
Venue: arXiv cs.AI 2025
Year: 2025

Automatic emotion recognition has become increasingly important with the rise of AI, especially in fields like healthcare, education, and automotive systems. However, there is a lack of multimodal datasets, particularly involving body motion and physiological signals, which limits progress in the field. To address this, the MVRS dataset is introduced, featuring synchronized recordings from 13 participants aged 12 to 60 exposed to VR based emotional stimuli (relaxation, fear, stress, sadness, joy). Data were collected using eye tracking (via webcam in a VR headset), body motion (Kinect v2), and EMG and GSR signals (Arduino UNO), all timestamp aligned. Participants followed a unified protocol with consent and questionnaires. Features from each modality were extracted, fused using early and late fusion techniques, and evaluated with classifiers to confirm the datasets quality and emotion separability, making MVRS a valuable contribution to multimodal affective computing.
Anticipatory Fall Detection in Humans with Hybrid Directed Graph Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Detecting and preventing falls in humans is a critical component of assistive robotic systems. While significant progress has been made in detecting falls, the prediction of falls before they happen, and analysis of the transient state between stability and an impending fall remain unexplored. In this paper, we propose a anticipatory fall detection method that utilizes a hybrid model combining Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (DGNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks that decoupled the motion prediction and gait classification tasks to anticipate falls with high accuracy. Our approach employs real-time skeletal features extracted from video sequences as input for the proposed model. The DGNN acts as a classifier, distinguishing between three gait states: stable, transient, and fall. The LSTM-based network then predicts human movement in subsequent time steps, enabling early detection of falls. The proposed model was trained and validated using the OUMVLP-Pose and URFD datasets, demonstrating superior performance in terms of prediction error and recognition accuracy compared to models relying solely on DGNN and models from literature. The results indicate that decoupling prediction and classification improves performance compared to addressing the unified problem using only the DGNN. Furthermore, our method allows for the monitoring of the transient state, offering valuable insights that could enhance the functionality of advanced assistance systems.
Handling imbalance and few-sample size in ML based Onion disease classification
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Accurate classification of pests and diseases plays a vital role in precision agriculture, enabling efficient identification, targeted interventions, and preventing their further spread. However, current methods primarily focus on binary classification, which limits their practical applications, especially in scenarios where accurately identifying the specific type of disease or pest is essential. We propose a robust deep learning based model for multi-class classification of onion crop diseases and pests. We enhance a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model by integrating attention based modules and employing comprehensive data augmentation pipeline to mitigate class imbalance. We propose a model which gives 96.90% overall accuracy and 0.96 F1 score on real-world field image dataset. This model gives better results than other approaches using the same datasets.
Systematic Integration of Attention Modules into CNNs for Accurate and Generalizable Medical Image Diagnosis
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Deep learning has become a powerful tool for medical image analysis; however, conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often fail to capture the fine-grained and complex features critical for accurate diagnosis. To address this limitation, we systematically integrate attention mechanisms into five widely adopted CNN architectures, namely, VGG16, ResNet18, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and EfficientNetB5, to enhance their ability to focus on salient regions and improve discriminative performance. Specifically, each baseline model is augmented with either a Squeeze and Excitation block or a hybrid Convolutional Block Attention Module, allowing adaptive recalibration of channel and spatial feature representations. The proposed models are evaluated on two distinct medical imaging datasets, a brain tumor MRI dataset comprising multiple tumor subtypes, and a Products of Conception histopathological dataset containing four tissue categories. Experimental results demonstrate that attention augmented CNNs consistently outperform baseline architectures across all metrics. In particular, EfficientNetB5 with hybrid attention achieves the highest overall performance, delivering substantial gains on both datasets. Beyond improved classification accuracy, attention mechanisms enhance feature localization, leading to better generalization across heterogeneous imaging modalities. This work contributes a systematic comparative framework for embedding attention modules in diverse CNN architectures and rigorously assesses their impact across multiple medical imaging tasks. The findings provide practical insights for the development of robust, interpretable, and clinically applicable deep learning based decision support systems.