OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Precoding for Multiple-Antenna Terminals
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

The problem of energy-efficient precoding is investigated when the terminals in the system are equipped with multiple antennas. Considering static and fast-fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, the energy-efficiency is defined as the transmission rate to power ratio and shown to be maximized at low transmit power. The most interesting case is the one of slow fading MIMO channels. For this type of channels, the optimal precoding scheme is generally not trivial. Furthermore, using all the available transmit power is not always optimal in the sense of energy-efficiency (which, in this case, corresponds to the communication-theoretic definition of the goodput-to-power (GPR) ratio). Finding the optimal precoding matrices is shown to be a new open problem and is solved in several special cases: 1. when there is only one receive antenna; 2. in the low or high signal-to-noise ratio regime; 3. when uniform power allocation and the regime of large numbers of antennas are assumed. A complete numerical analysis is provided to illustrate the derived results and stated conjectures. In particular, the impact of the number of antennas on the energy-efficiency is assessed and shown to be significant.
Towards a Collision-Free WLAN: Dynamic Parameter Adjustment in CSMA/E2CA
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2010
Year: 2010

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Enhanced Collision Avoidance (CSMA/ECA) is a distributed MAC protocol that allows collision-free access to the medium in WLAN. The only difference between CSMA/ECA and the well-known CSMA/CA is that the former uses a deterministic backoff after successful transmissions. Collision-free operation is reached after a transient state during which some collisions may occur. This article shows that the duration of the transient state can be shortened by appropriately setting the contention parameters. Standard absorbing Markov Chain theory can be used to describe the behaviour of the system in the transient state and to predict the expected number of slots to reach the collision-free operation. The article also introduces CSMA/E2CA, in which a deterministic backoff is used two consecutive times after a successful transmission. CSMA/E2CA converges quicker to collision-free operation and delivers higher performance than CSMA/CA in harsh wireless scenarios with high frame error rates. To achieve collision-free operations when the number of contenders is large, it may be necessary to dynamically adjust the contention parameter. The last part of the article suggests an approach for such parameter adjustment which is validated by simulation results.
A Logical Charaterisation of Ordered Disjunction
Venue: arXiv cs.LO 2010
Year: 2010

In this paper we consider a logical treatment for the ordered disjunction operator 'x' introduced by Brewka, Niemelä and Syrjänen in their Logic Programs with Ordered Disjunctions (LPOD). LPODs are used to represent preferences in logic programming under the answer set semantics. Their semantics is defined by first translating the LPOD into a set of normal programs (called split programs) and then imposing a preference relation among the answer sets of these split programs. We concentrate on the first step and show how a suitable translation of the ordered disjunction as a derived operator into the logic of Here-and-There allows capturing the answer sets of the split programs in a direct way. We use this characterisation not only for providing an alternative implementation for LPODs, but also for checking several properties (under strongly equivalent transformations) of the 'x' operator, like for instance, its distributivity with respect to conjunction or regular disjunction. We also make a comparison to an extension proposed by Kärger, Lopes, Olmedilla and Polleres, that combines 'x' with regular disjunction.
Sensor Selection for Event Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

We consider the problem of sensor selection for event detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We want to choose a subset of p out of n sensors that yields the best detection performance. As the sensor selection optimality criteria, we propose the Kullback-Leibler and Chernoff distances between the distributions of the selected measurements under the two hypothesis. We formulate the maxmin robust sensor selection problem to cope with the uncertainties in distribution means. We prove that the sensor selection problem is NP hard, for both Kullback-Leibler and Chernoff criteria. To (sub)optimally solve the sensor selection problem, we propose an algorithm of affordable complexity. Extensive numerical simulations on moderate size problem instances (when the optimum by exhaustive search is feasible to compute) demonstrate the algorithm's near optimality in a very large portion of problem instances. For larger problems, extensive simulations demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms random searches, once an upper bound on computational time is set. We corroborate numerically the validity of the Kullback-Leibler and Chernoff sensor selection criteria, by showing that they lead to sensor selections nearly optimal both in the Neyman-Pearson and Bayes sense.
One More Weight is Enough: Toward the Optimal Traffic Engineering with OSPF
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2010
Year: 2010

Traffic Engineering (TE) leverages information of network traffic to generate a routing scheme optimizing the traffic distribution so as to advance network performance. However, optimize the link weights for OSPF to the offered traffic is an known NP-hard problem. In this paper, motivated by the fairness concept of congestion control, we firstly propose a new generic objective function, where various interests of providers can be extracted with different parameter settings. And then, we model the optimal TE as the utility maximization of multi-commodity flows with the generic objective function and theoretically show that any given set of optimal routes corresponding to a particular objective function can be converted to shortest paths with respect to a set of positive link weights. This can be directly configured on OSPF-based protocols. On these bases, we employ the Network Entropy Maximization(NEM) framework and develop a new OSPF-based routing protocol, SPEF, to realize a flexible way to split traffic over shortest paths in a distributed fashion. Actually, comparing to OSPF, SPEF only needs one more weight for each link and provably achieves optimal TE. Numerical experiments have been done to compare SPEF with the current version of OSPF, showing the effectiveness of SPEF in terms of link utilization and network load distribution.
Delay Constrained Utility Maximization in Multihop Random Access Networks
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

Multi-hop random access networks have received much attention due to their distributed nature which facilitates deploying many new applications over the sensor and computer networks. Recently, utility maximization framework is applied in order to optimize performance of such networks, however proposed algorithms result in large transmission delays. In this paper, we will analyze delay in random access multi-hop networks and solve the delay-constrained utility maximization problem. We define the network utility as a combination of rate utility and energy cost functions and solve the following two problems: 'optimal medium access control with link delay constraint' and, 'optimal congestion and contention control with end-to-end delay constraint'. The optimal tradeoff between delay, rate, and energy is achieved for different values of delay constraint and the scaling factors between rate and energy. Eventually linear and super-linear distributed optimization solutions are proposed for each problem and their performance are compared in terms of convergence and complexity.
Living City, a Collaborative Browser-based Massively Multiplayer Online Game
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2010
Year: 2010

This work presents the design and implementation of our Browser-based Massively Multiplayer Online Game, Living City, a simulation game fully developed at the University of Messina. Living City is a persistent and real-time digital world, running in the Web browser environment and accessible from users without any client-side installation. Today Massively Multiplayer Online Games attract the attention of Computer Scientists both for their architectural peculiarity and the close interconnection with the social network phenomenon. We will cover these two aspects paying particular attention to some aspects of the project: game balancing (e.g. algorithms behind time and money balancing); business logic (e.g., handling concurrency, cheating avoidance and availability) and, finally, social and psychological aspects involved in the collaboration of players, analyzing their activities and interconnections.
Exact, Efficient and Information-Theoretically Secure Voting with an Arbitrary Number of Cheaters
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2010
Year: 2010

We present three voting protocols with unconditional privacy and correctness, without assuming any bound on the number of corrupt participants. All protocols have polynomial complexity and require private channels and a simultaneous broadcast channel. Unlike previously proposed protocols in this model, the protocols that we present deterministically output the exact tally. Our first protocol is a basic voting scheme which allows voters to interact in order to compute the tally. Privacy of the ballot is unconditional in the sense that regardless of the behavior of the dishonest participants nothing can be learned through the protocol that could not be learned in an ideal realisation. Unfortunately, a single dishonest participant can make the protocol abort, in which case the dishonest participants can nevertheless learn the outcome of the tally. Our second protocol introduces voting authorities which improves the communication complexity by limiting interaction to be only between voters and authorities and among the authorities themselves; the simultaneous broadcast is also limited to the authorities. In the second protocol, as long as a single authority is honest, the privacy is unconditional, however, a single corrupt authority or a single corrupt voter can cause the protocol to abort. Our final protocol provides a safeguard against corrupt voters by enabling a verification technique to allow the authorities to revoke incorrect votes without aborting the protocol. Finally, we discuss the implementation of a simultaneous broadcast channel with the use of temporary computational assumptions, yielding versions of our protocols that achieve everlasting security.
SWI-Prolog
Venue: arXiv cs.PL 2010
Year: 2010

SWI-Prolog is neither a commercial Prolog system nor a purely academic enterprise, but increasingly a community project. The core system has been shaped to its current form while being used as a tool for building research prototypes, primarily for \textit{knowledge-intensive} and \textit{interactive} systems. Community contributions have added several interfaces and the constraint (CLP) libraries. Commercial involvement has created the initial garbage collector, added several interfaces and two development tools: PlDoc (a literate programming documentation system) and PlUnit (a unit testing environment). In this article we present SWI-Prolog as an integrating tool, supporting a wide range of ideas developed in the Prolog community and acting as glue between \textit{foreign} resources. This article itself is the glue between technical articles on SWI-Prolog, providing context and experience in applying them over a longer period.
A Model for Configuration Management of Open Software Systems
Venue: arXiv cs.SE 2010
Year: 2010

The article proposes a model for the configuration management of open systems. The model aims at validation of configurations against given specifications. An extension of decision graphs is proposed to express specifications. The proposed model can be used by software developers to validate their own configurations across different versions of the components, or to validate configurations that include components by third parties. The model can also be used by end-users to validate compatibility among different configurations of the same application. The proposed model is first discussed in some application scenarios and then formally defined. Moreover, a type discipline is given to formally define validation of a configuration against a system specification
On Network Functional Compression
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

In this paper, we consider different aspects of the network functional compression problem where computation of a function (or, some functions) of sources located at certain nodes in a network is desired at receiver(s). The rate region of this problem has been considered in the literature under certain restrictive assumptions, particularly in terms of the network topology, the functions and the characteristics of the sources. In this paper, we present results that significantly relax these assumptions. Firstly, we consider this problem for an arbitrary tree network and asymptotically lossless computation. We show that, for depth one trees with correlated sources, or for general trees with independent sources, a modularized coding scheme based on graph colorings and Slepian-Wolf compression performs arbitrarily closely to rate lower bounds. For a general tree network with independent sources, optimal computation to be performed at intermediate nodes is derived. We introduce a necessary and sufficient condition on graph colorings of any achievable coding scheme, called coloring connectivity condition (C.C.C.). Secondly, we investigate the effect of having several functions at the receiver. In this problem, we derive a rate region and propose a coding scheme based on graph colorings. Thirdly, we consider the functional compression problem with feedback. We show that, in this problem, unlike Slepian-Wolf compression, by having feedback, one may outperform rate bounds of the case without feedback. Fourthly, we investigate functional computation problem with distortion. We compute a rate-distortion region for this problem. Then, we propose a simple suboptimal coding scheme with a non-trivial performance guarantee. Finally, we introduce cases where finding minimum entropy colorings and therefore, optimal coding schemes can be performed in polynomial time.
Probabilistic Arithmetic Automata and their Applications
Venue: arXiv cs.FL 2010
Year: 2010

We present probabilistic arithmetic automata (PAAs), a general model to describe chains of operations whose operands depend on chance, along with two different algorithms to exactly calculate the distribution of the results obtained by such probabilistic calculations. PAAs provide a unifying framework to approach many problems arising in computational biology and elsewhere. Here, we present five different applications, namely (1) pattern matching statistics on random texts, including the computation of the distribution of occurrence counts, waiting time and clump size under HMM background models; (2) exact analysis of window-based pattern matching algorithms; (3) sensitivity of filtration seeds used to detect candidate sequence alignments; (4) length and mass statistics of peptide fragments resulting from enzymatic cleavage reactions; and (5) read length statistics of 454 sequencing reads. The diversity of these applications indicates the flexibility and unifying character of the presented framework. While the construction of a PAA depends on the particular application, we single out a frequently applicable construction method for pattern statistics: We introduce deterministic arithmetic automata (DAAs) to model deterministic calculations on sequences, and demonstrate how to construct a PAA from a given DAA and a finite-memory random text model. We show how to transform a finite automaton into a DAA and then into the corresponding PAA.
An Optimization for Reasoning with Forest Logic Programs
Venue: arXiv cs.LO 2010
Year: 2010

Open Answer Set Programming (OASP) is an attractive framework for integrating ontologies and rules. In general OASP is undecidable. In previous work we provided a tableau-based algorithm for satisfiability checking w.r.t. forest logic programs, a decidable fragment of OASP, which has the forest model property. In this paper we introduce an optimized version of that algorithm achieved by means of a knowledge compilation technique. So-called unit completion structures, which are possible building blocks of a forest model, in the form of trees of depth 1, are computed in an initial step of the algorithm. Repeated computations are avoided by using these structures in a pattern-matching style when constructing a model. Furthermore we identify and discard redundant unit completion structures: a structure is redundant if there is another structure which can always replace the original structure in a forest model.
Enumeration Order complexity Equivalency
Venue: arXiv cs.CC 2010
Year: 2010

Throughout this article we develop and change the definitions and the ideas in "arXiv:1006.4939", in order to consider the efficiency of functions and complexity time problems. The central idea here is effective enumeration and listing, and efficiency of function which is defined between two sets proposed in basic definitions. More in detail, it might be that h and g were co-order but the velocity of them be different.
A Selection Region Based Routing Protocol for Random Mobile ad hoc Networks with Directional Antennas
Venue: arXiv cs.IT 2010
Year: 2010

In this paper, we propose a selection region based multihop routing protocol with directional antennas for wireless mobile ad hoc networks, where the selection region is defined by two parameters: a reference distance and the beamwidth of the directional antenna. At each hop, we choose the nearest node to the transmitter within the selection region as the next hop relay. By maximizing the expected density of progress, we present an upper bound for the optimum reference distance and derive the relationship between the optimum reference distance and the optimum transmission probability. Compared with the results with routing strategy using omnidirectional antennas in \cite{Di:Relay-Region}, we find interestingly that the optimum transmission probability is a constant independent of the beamwidth, the expected density of progress with the new routing strategy is increased significantly, and the computational complexity involved in the relay selection is also greatly reduced.
Optical Multicast Routing Under Light Splitter Constraints
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2010
Year: 2010

During the past few years, we have observed the emergence of new applications that use multicast transmission. For a multicast routing algorithm to be applicable in optical networks, it must route data only to group members, optimize and maintain loop-free routes, and concentrate the routes on a subset of network links. For an all-optical switch to play the role of a branching router, it must be equipped with a light splitter. Light splitters are expensive equipments and therefore it will be very expensive to implement splitters on all optical switches. Optical light splitters are only implemented on some optical switches. That limited availability of light splitters raises a new problem when we want to implement multicast protocols in optical network (because usual multicast protocols make the assumption that all nodes have branching capabilities). Another issue is the knowledge of the locations of light splitters in the optical network. Nodes in the network should be able to identify the locations of light splitters scattered in the optical network so it can construct multicast trees. These problems must be resolved by implementing a multicast routing protocol that must take into consideration that not all nodes can be branching node. As a result, a new signaling process must be implemented so that light paths can be created, spanning from source to the group members.
Visibility maintenance via controlled invariance for leader-follower Dubins-like vehicles
Venue: arXiv cs.MA 2010
Year: 2010

The paper studies the visibility maintenance problem (VMP) for a leader-follower pair of Dubins-like vehicles with input constraints, and proposes an original solution based on the notion of controlled invariance. The nonlinear model describing the relative dynamics of the vehicles is interpreted as linear uncertain system, with the leader robot acting as an external disturbance. The VMP is then reformulated as a linear constrained regulation problem with additive disturbances (DLCRP). Positive D-invariance conditions for linear uncertain systems with parametric disturbance matrix are introduced and used to solve the VMP when box bounds on the state, control input and disturbance are considered. The proposed design procedure is shown to be easily adaptable to more general working scenarios. Extensive simulation results are provided to illustrate the theory and show the effectiveness of our approach
Contractions, Removals and How to Certify 3-Connectivity in Linear Time
Venue: arXiv cs.DS 2010
Year: 2010

It is well-known as an existence result that every 3-connected graph G=(V,E) on more than 4 vertices admits a sequence of contractions and a sequence of removal operations to K_4 such that every intermediate graph is 3-connected. We show that both sequences can be computed in optimal time, improving the previously best known running times of O(|V|^2) to O(|V|+|E|). This settles also the open question of finding a linear time 3-connectivity test that is certifying and extends to a certifying 3-edge-connectivity test in the same time. The certificates used are easy to verify in time O(|E|).
A Proximity based Retransmission Scheme for Power Line Ad-hoc LAN
Venue: arXiv cs.NI 2010
Year: 2010

Power line as an alternative for data transmission is being explored, and also being used to a certain extent. But from the data transfer point of view, power line, as a channel is highly dynamic and hence not quite suitable. To convert the office or home wiring system to a Local Area Network (LAN), adaptive changes are to be made to the existing protocols. In this paper, a slotted transmission scheme is suggested, in which usable timeslots are found out by physically sensing the media. Common usable timeslots for the sender-receiver pair are used for communication. But these will not ensure safe packet delivery since packets may be corrupted on the way during propagation from sender to receiver. Therefore, we also suggest a proximity based retransmission scheme where each machine in the LAN, buffers good packet and machines close to the receiver retransmit on receiving a NACK.
Computing multiway cut within the given excess over the largest minimum isolating cut
Venue: arXiv cs.DS 2010
Year: 2010

Let $(G,T)$ be an instance of the (vertex) multiway cut problem where $G$ is a graph and $T$ is a set of terminals. For $t \in T$, a set of nonterminal vertices separating $t$ from $T \setminus \{T\}$ is called an \emph{isolating cut} of $t$. The largest among all the smallest isolating cuts is a natural lower bound for a multiway cut of $(G,T)$. Denote this lower bound by $m$ and let $k$ be an integer. In this paper we propose an $O(kn^{k+3})$ algorithm that computes a multiway cut of $(G,T)$ of size at most $m+k$ or reports that there is no such multiway cut. The core of the proposed algorithm is the following combinatorial result. Let $G$ be a graph and let $X,Y$ be two disjoint subsets of vertices of $G$. Let $m$ be the smallest size of a vertex $X-Y$ separator. Then, for the given integer $k$, the number of \emph{important} $X-Y$ separators \cite{MarxTCS} of size at most $m+k$ is at most $\sum_{i=0}^k{n \choose i}$.