OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
On the Structural Failure of Chamfer Distance in 3D Shape Optimization
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2026
Year: 2026

Chamfer distance is the standard training loss for point cloud reconstruction, completion, and generation, yet directly optimizing it can produce worse Chamfer values than not optimizing it at all. We show that this paradoxical failure is gradient-structural. The per-point Chamfer gradient creates a many-to-one collapse that is the unique attractor of the forward term and cannot be resolved by any local regularizer, including repulsion, smoothness, and density-aware re-weighting. We derive a necessary condition for collapse suppression: coupling must propagate beyond local neighborhoods. In a controlled 2D setting, shared-basis deformation suppresses collapse by providing global coupling; in 3D shape morphing, a differentiable MPM prior instantiates the same principle, consistently reducing the Chamfer gap across 20 directed pairs with a 2.5$\times$ improvement on the topologically complex dragon. The presence or absence of non-local coupling determines whether Chamfer optimization succeeds or collapses. This provides a practical design criterion for any pipeline that optimizes point-level distance metrics.
Kinodynamic Motion Retargeting for Humanoid Locomotion via Multi-Contact Whole-Body Trajectory Optimization
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2026
Year: 2026

We present the KinoDynamic Motion Retargeting (KDMR) framework, a novel approach for humanoid locomotion that models the retargeting process as a multi-contact, whole-body trajectory optimization problem. Conventional kinematics-based retargeting methods rely solely on spatial motion capture (MoCap) data, inevitably introducing physically inconsistent artifacts, such as foot sliding and ground penetration, that severely degrade the performance of downstream imitation learning policies. To bridge this gap, KDMR extends beyond pure kinematics by explicitly enforcing rigid-body dynamics and contact complementarity constraints. Further, by integrating ground reaction force (GRF) measurements alongside MoCap data, our method automatically detects heel-toe contact events to accurately replicate complex human-like contact patterns. We evaluate KDMR against the state-of-the-art baseline, GMR, across three key dimensions: 1) the dynamic feasibility and smoothness of the retargeted motions, 2) the accuracy of GRF tracking compared to raw source data, and 3) the training efficiency and final performance of downstream control policies trained via the BeyondMimic framework. Experimental results demonstrate that KDMR significantly outperforms purely kinematic methods, yielding dynamically viable reference trajectories that accelerate policy convergence and enhance overall locomotion stability. Our end-to-end pipeline will be open-sourced upon publication.
CREATE: Testing LLMs for Associative Creativity
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

A key component of creativity is associative reasoning: the ability to draw novel yet meaningful connections between concepts. We introduce CREATE, a benchmark designed to evaluate models' capacity for creative associative reasoning. CREATE requires models to generate sets of paths connecting concepts in a model's parametric knowledge. Paths should have high specificity (distinctiveness and closeness of the concept connection) and high diversity (dissimilarity from other paths), and models are scored more highly if they produce a larger set of strong, diverse paths. This task shares demands of real creativity tasks like hypothesis generation, including an extremely large search space, but enables collection of a sizable benchmark with objective answer grading. Evaluation of frontier models shows that the strongest models achieve higher creative utility than others, with the high multiplicity of answers and complexity of the search making benchmark saturation difficult to achieve. Furthermore, our results illustrate that thinking models are not always more effective on our task, even with high token budgets. Recent approaches for creative prompting give some but limited additional improvement. CREATE provides a sandbox for developing new methods to improve models' capacity for associative creativity.
d-DNNF Modulo Theories: A General Framework for Polytime SMT Queries
Venue: arXiv cs.LO 2026
Year: 2026

In Knowledge Compilation (KC) a propositional knowledge base is compiled off-line into some target form, typically into deterministic decomposable negation normal form (d-DNNF) or one of its subcases, which is then used on-line to answer a large number of queries in polytime, such as clausal entailment, model counting, and others. The general idea is to push as much of the computational effort into the off-line compilation phase, which is amortized over all on-line polytime queries. In this paper, we present for the first time a novel and general technique to leverage d-DNNF compilation and querying to SMT level. Intuitively, before d-DNNF compilation, the input SMT formula is combined with a list of pre-computed ad-hoc theory lemmas, so that the queries at SMT level reduce to those at propositional level. This approach has several features: (i) it works for every theory, or theory combination thereof; (ii) it works for all forms of d-DNNF; (iii) it is easy to implement on top of any d-DNNF compiler and any theory-lemma enumerator, which are used as black boxes; (iv) most importantly, these compiled SMT d-DNNFs can be queried in polytime by means of a standard propositional d-DNNF reasoner. We have implemented a tool on top of state-of-the-art d-DNNF packages and of the MathSAT SMT solver. Some preliminary empirical evaluation supports the effectiveness of the approach.
Explainable LLM Unlearning Through Reasoning
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

LLM unlearning is essential for mitigating safety, copyright, and privacy concerns in pre-trained large language models (LLMs). Compared to preference alignment, it offers a more explicit way by removing undesirable knowledge characterized by specific unlearning datasets. In previous works, gradient ascent (GA) and its variants have shown promise for implementing unlearning, yet their untargeted nature results in unintended degradation of general capabilities, incomplete removal of knowledge, and the generation of incoherent responses, among many others. We argue that these issues stem from the absence of explicit guidance on what and how models should unlearn. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel unlearning target, reasoning-based unlearning target, which satisfies both the specified unlearning scope and the specified post-unlearning response. Building on this, we propose targeted reasoning unlearning (TRU), which leverages reasoning-based unlearning target as guidance. We employ the target using a cross-entropy supervised loss combined with a GA-based loss, enabling the model to learn reasoning ability for precise knowledge removal while preserving unrelated abilities. We evaluate TRU against strong baselines across multiple benchmarks and LLM backbones, and find that it achieves more reliable unlearning while preserving general capabilities. Moreover, TRU exhibits superior robustness under diverse attack scenarios, stemming from the reasoning ability learned through reasoning-based targets. Overall, our study establishes reasoning-augmented unlearning as a practical paradigm for reliable and explainable LLM unlearning.
An Efficient Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Online Abusive Language
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

The digital age has expanded social media and online forums, allowing free expression for nearly 45% of the global population. Yet, it has also fueled online harassment, bullying, and harmful behaviors like hate speech and toxic comments across social networks, messaging apps, and gaming communities. Studies show 65% of parents notice hostile online behavior, and one-third of adolescents in mobile games experience bullying. A substantial volume of abusive content is generated and shared daily, not only on the surface web but also within dark web forums. Creators of abusive comments often employ specific words or coded phrases to evade detection and conceal their intentions. To address these challenges, we propose a hybrid deep learning model that integrates BERT, CNN, and LSTM architectures with a ReLU activation function to detect abusive language across multiple online platforms, including YouTube comments, online forum discussions, and dark web posts. The model demonstrates strong performance on a diverse and imbalanced dataset containing 77,620 abusive and 272,214 non-abusive text samples (ratio 1:3.5), achieving approximately 99% across evaluation metrics such as Precision, Recall, Accuracy, F1-score, and AUC. This approach effectively captures semantic, contextual, and sequential patterns in text, enabling robust detection of abusive content even in highly skewed datasets, as encountered in real-world scenarios.
CEI: A Benchmark for Evaluating Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

Pragmatic reasoning, inferring intended meaning beyond literal semantics, underpins everyday communication yet remains difficult for large language models. We present the Contextual Emotional Inference (CEI) Benchmark: 300 human-validated scenarios for evaluating how well LLMs disambiguate pragmatically complex utterances. Each scenario pairs a situational context and speaker-listener roles (with explicit power relations) against an ambiguous utterance. The dataset covers five pragmatic subtypes (sarcasm/irony, mixed signals, strategic politeness, passive aggression, deflection/misdirection) drawn from workplace, family, social, and service settings, with three power configurations (peer, higher-to-lower, lower-to-higher). Three trained annotators independently labeled every scenario. Inter-annotator agreement (Fleiss' kappa = 0.06-0.25 by subtype) is low but expected: pragmatic inference admits multiple valid readings, and the disagreement itself is informative. We describe our annotation methodology, including a 4-level quality control pipeline that combines automated statistical checks with expert adjudication. CEI is released under CC-BY-4.0.
Leveraging Wikidata for Geographically Informed Sociocultural Bias Dataset Creation: Application to Latin America
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit inequalities with respect to various cultural contexts. Most prominent open-weights models are trained on Global North data and show prejudicial behavior towards other cultures. Moreover, there is a notable lack of resources to detect biases in non-English languages, especially from Latin America (Latam), a continent containing various cultures, even though they share a common cultural ground. We propose to leverage the content of Wikipedia, the structure of the Wikidata knowledge graph, and expert knowledge from social science in order to create a dataset of question/answer (Q/As) pairs, based on the different popular and social cultures of various Latin American countries. We create the LatamQA database of over 26k questions and associated answers extracted from 26k Wikipedia articles, and transformed into multiple-choice questions (MCQ) in Spanish and Portuguese, in turn translated to English. We use this MCQ to quantify the degree of knowledge of various LLMs and find out (i) a discrepancy in performances between the Latam countries, ones being easier than others for the majority of the models, (ii) that the models perform better in their original language, and (iii) that Iberian Spanish culture is better known than Latam one.
SENS-ASR: Semantic Embedding injection in Neural-transducer for Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2026
Year: 2026

Many Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications require streaming processing of the audio data. In streaming mode, ASR systems need to start transcribing the input stream before it is complete, i.e., the systems have to process a stream of inputs with a limited (or no) future context. Compared to offline mode, this reduction of the future context degrades the performance of Streaming-ASR systems, especially while working with low-latency constraint. In this work, we present SENS-ASR, an approach to enhance the transcription quality of Streaming-ASR by reinforcing the acoustic information with semantic information. This semantic information is extracted from the available past frame-embeddings by a context module. This module is trained using knowledge distillation from a sentence embedding Language Model fine-tuned on the training dataset transcriptions. Experiments on standard datasets show that SENS-ASR significantly improves the Word Error Rate on small-chunk streaming scenarios.
Personalized Group Relative Policy Optimization for Heterogenous Preference Alignment
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

Despite their sophisticated general-purpose capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail to align with diverse individual preferences because standard post-training methods, like Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF), optimize for a single, global objective. While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a widely adopted on-policy reinforcement learning framework, its group-based normalization implicitly assumes that all samples are exchangeable, inheriting this limitation in personalized settings. This assumption conflates distinct user reward distributions and systematically biases learning toward dominant preferences while suppressing minority signals. To address this, we introduce Personalized GRPO (P-GRPO), a novel alignment framework that decouples advantage estimation from immediate batch statistics. By normalizing advantages against preference-group-specific reward histories rather than the concurrent generation group, P-GRPO preserves the contrastive signal necessary for learning distinct preferences. We evaluate P-GRPO across diverse tasks and find that it consistently achieves faster convergence and higher rewards than standard GRPO, thereby enhancing its ability to recover and align with heterogeneous preference signals. Our results demonstrate that accounting for reward heterogeneity at the optimization level is essential for building models that faithfully align with diverse human preferences without sacrificing general capabilities.
Assessing Cognitive Biases in LLMs for Judicial Decision Support: Virtuous Victim and Halo Effects
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2026
Year: 2026

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) display human-like cognitive biases, focusing on potential implications for assistance in judicial sentencing, a decision-making system where fairness is paramount. Two of the most relevant biases were chosen: the virtuous victim effect (VVE), with emphasis given to its reduction when adjacent consent is present, and prestige-based halo effects (occupation, company, and credentials). Using vignettes that were altered from prior literature to avoid LLMs recalling from their training data, we isolate each manipulation by holding all other details consistent, then measuring the percentage difference in outcomes. Five models were evaluated as representative LLMs in independent multi-run trials per condition (ChatGPT 5 Instant, ChatGPT 5 Thinking, DeepSeek V3.1, Claude Sonnet 4, Gemini 2.5 Flash). Our research discovers that there is larger VVE, there is no statistically significant penalty for adjacent-consent, and the halo effect is slightly reduced when compared to humans, with an exception for credential based prestige, which had a large reduction. Despite the variation across different models and outputs restricting current judicial usage, there were modest improvements compared to human benchmarks.
DeliberationBench: A Normative Benchmark for the Influence of Large Language Models on Users' Views
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2026
Year: 2026

As large language models (LLMs) become pervasive as assistants and thought partners, it is important to characterize their persuasive influence on users' beliefs. However, a central challenge is to distinguish "beneficial" from "harmful" forms of influence, in a manner that is normatively defensible and legitimate. We propose DeliberationBench, a benchmark for assessing LLM influence that takes the process of deliberative opinion polling as its standard. We demonstrate our approach in a preregistered randomized experiment in which 4,088 U.S. participants discussed 65 policy proposals with six frontier LLMs. Using opinion change data from four prior Deliberative Polls conducted by the Deliberative Democracy Lab, we find evidence that the tested LLMs' influence is substantial in magnitude and positively associated with the net opinion shifts following deliberation, suggesting that these models exert broadly epistemically desirable effects. We further explore differential influence between topic areas, demographic subgroups, and models. Our framework can function as an evaluation and monitoring tool, helping to ensure that the influence of LLMs remains consistent with democratically legitimate standards, and preserves users' autonomy in forming their views.
Law Proofing the Future
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2026
Year: 2026

Gemini said Lawmakers today face continuous calls to "future proof" the legal system against generative artificial intelligence, algorithmic decision-making, targeted advertising, and all manner of emerging technologies. This Article takes a contrarian stance: it is not the law that needs bolstering for the future, but the future that needs protection from the law. From the printing press and the elevator to ChatGPT and online deepfakes, the recurring historical pattern is familiar. Technological breakthroughs provoke wonder, then fear, then legislation. The resulting legal regimes entrench incumbents, suppress experimentation, and displace long-standing legal principles with bespoke but brittle rules. Drawing from history, economics, political science, and legal theory, this Article argues that the most powerful tools for governing technological change--the general-purpose tools of the common law--are in fact already on the books, long predating the technologies they are now called upon to govern, and ready also for whatever the future holds in store. Rather than proposing any new statute or regulatory initiative, this Article offers something far rarer, a defense of doing less. It shows how the law's virtues--generality, stability, and adaptability--are best preserved not through prophylactic regulation, but through accretional judicial decision-making. The epistemic limits that make technological forecasting so unreliable and the hidden costs of early legislative intervention, including biased governmental enforcement and regulatory capture, mean that however fast technology may move, the law must not chase it. The case for legal restraint is thus not a defense of the status quo, but a call to preserve the conditions of freedom and equal justice under which both law and technology can evolve.
LWM-Temporal: Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention for Wireless Channel Representation Learning
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2026
Year: 2026

LWM-Temporal is a new member of the Large Wireless Models (LWM) family that targets the spatiotemporal nature of wireless channels. Designed as a task-agnostic foundation model, LWM-Temporal learns universal channel embeddings that capture mobility-induced evolution and are reusable across various downstream tasks. To achieve this objective, LWM-Temporal operates in the angle-delay-time domain and introduces Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention (SSTA), a propagation-aligned attention mechanism that restricts interactions to physically plausible neighborhoods, reducing attention complexity by an order of magnitude while preserving geometry-consistent dependencies. LWM-Temporal is pretrained in a self-supervised manner using a physics-informed masking curriculum that emulates realistic occlusions, pilot sparsity, and measurement impairments. Experimental results on channel prediction across multiple mobility regimes show consistent improvements over strong baselines, particularly under long horizons and limited fine-tuning data, highlighting the importance of geometry-aware architectures and geometry-consistent pretraining for learning transferable spatiotemporal wireless representations.
A Review of the Negative Effects of Digital Technology on Cognition
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2026
Year: 2026

The rapid integration of digital technology into daily life has prompted sustained concern regarding its impact on human cognition. This integrative review synthesizes documented risks and negative associations across more than 500 empirical studies, including the established literature and the nascent body of work on generative artificial intelligence. Initial evidence suggests a potential evolution in the nature of cognitive risk: while research on earlier technologies predominantly describes disruptions to resource allocation, early findings on generative artificial intelligence point toward a hypothesized erosion of higher-order generative and metacognitive capabilities. We analyze these risks across basic cognitive processes, higher-order cognition, and integrated functional outcomes through four mechanisms: functional interference, neurochemical dysregulation, structural neuroplasticity, and psychosocial displacement. The synthesis further highlights that these associations are frequently moderated or attenuated by socioeconomic status and environmental factors, which often drive both technology use and cognitive outcomes. Finally, by reviewing principles of cognitive epidemiology, the paper examines how habitual digital offloading could theoretically deplete cognitive reserve, creating downstream risks for long-term health. The collective evidence suggests an efficiency-atrophy paradox, where digital tools optimize short-term task performance at the potential expense of the long-term cognitive effort required to maintain unassisted cognition. However, large gaps remain in the literature, particularly the need for longitudinal studies, specifically within adult and professional populations.
A Governance and Evaluation Framework for Deterministic, Rule-Based Clinical Decision Support in Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing
Venue: arXiv cs.CY 2026
Year: 2026

Empiric antibiotic prescribing in high-risk clinical contexts often requires decision making under conditions of incomplete information, where inappropriate coverage or unjustified escalation may compromise safety and antimicrobial stewardship. While clinical decision-support systems have been proposed to assist in this process, many approaches lack explicit governance and evaluation mechanisms defining scope, abstention conditions, recommendation permissibility, and expected system behavior. This work specifies a governance and evaluation framework for deterministic clinical decision-support systems operating under explicitly constrained scope. Deterministic behavior is adopted to ensure that identical inputs yield identical outputs, supporting transparency, auditability, and conservative decision support in high-risk prescribing contexts. The framework treats governance as a first-class design component, separating clinical decision logic from rule-based mechanisms that determine whether a recommendation may be issued. Explicit abstention, deterministic stewardship constraints, and exclusion rules are formalized as core constructs. The framework defines an evaluation methodology utilizing a fixed set of synthetic, mechanism-driven clinical cases with predefined expected behavior. This validation process focuses on behavioral alignment with specified rules rather than clinical effectiveness, predictive accuracy, or outcome optimization. Within this protocol, abstention is treated as a correct and intended outcome when governance conditions are not satisfied. The proposed framework provides a reproducible approach for specifying, governing, and inspecting deterministic clinical decision-support systems in empiric antibiotic prescribing contexts where transparency, auditability, and conservative behavior are prioritized.