OpenRaiser/Intern-Atlas huggingface dataset:
LightFusion: A Light-weighted, Double Fusion Framework for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Unified multimodal models have recently shown remarkable gains in both capability and versatility, yet most leading systems are still trained from scratch and require substantial computational resources. In this paper, we show that competitive performance can be obtained far more efficiently by strategically fusing publicly available models specialized for either generation or understanding. Our key design is to retain the original blocks while additionally interleaving multimodal self-attention blocks throughout the networks. This double fusion mechanism (1) effectively enables rich multi-modal fusion while largely preserving the original strengths of the base models, and (2) catalyzes synergistic fusion of high-level semantic representations from the understanding encoder with low-level spatial signals from the generation encoder. By training with only ~ 35B tokens, this approach achieves strong results across multiple benchmarks: 0.91 on GenEval for compositional text-to-image generation, 82.16 on DPG-Bench for complex text-to-image generation, 6.06 on GEditBench, and 3.77 on ImgEdit-Bench for image editing. By fully releasing the entire suite of code, model weights, and datasets, we hope to support future research on unified multimodal modeling.
Advancing Honeywords for Real-World Authentication Security
Venue: arXiv cs.CR 2025
Year: 2025

Introduced by Juels and Rivest in 2013, Honeywords, which are decoy passwords stored alongside a real password, appear to be a proactive method to help detect password credentials misuse. However, despite over a decade of research, this technique has not been adopted by major authentication platforms. This position paper argues that the core concept of Honeywords has potential but requires more research on issues such as flatness, integration, and reliability, in order to be a practical deployable solution. This paper examines the current work on Honeyword generation, attacker modeling, and honeychecker architecture, analyzing the subproblems that have been addressed and ongoing issues that prevent this system from being more widely used. The paper then suggests a deployable framework that combines the attacker-resilient, context-aware decoy creation that Honeywords provide with easy integration into existing systems. Honeywords will only move from an academic idea to a practical security tool if technical advances are paired with secure and straightforward architectures, along with adaptive response handling and detailed configuration checks.
How Muon's Spectral Design Benefits Generalization: A Study on Imbalanced Data
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

The growing adoption of spectrum-aware matrix-valued optimizers such as Muon and Shampoo in deep learning motivates a systematic study of their generalization properties and, in particular, when they might outperform competitive algorithms. We approach this question by introducing appropriate simplifying abstractions as follows: First, we use imbalanced data as a testbed. Second, we study the canonical form of such optimizers, which is Spectral Gradient Descent (SpecGD) -- each update step is $UV^T$ where $UΣV^T$ is the truncated SVD of the gradient. Third, within this framework we identify a canonical setting for which we precisely quantify when SpecGD outperforms vanilla Euclidean GD. For a Gaussian mixture data model and both linear and bilinear models, we show that unlike GD, which prioritizes learning dominant principal components of the data first, SpecGD learns all principal components of the data at equal rates. We demonstrate how this translates to a growing gap in class balanced loss favoring SpecGD early in training and further show that the gap remains consistent even when the GD counterpart uses adaptive step-sizes via normalization. By extending the analysis to deep linear models, we show that depth amplifies these effects. We empirically verify our theoretical findings on a variety of imbalanced datasets. Our experiments compare practical variants of spectral methods, like Muon and Shampoo, against their Euclidean counterparts and Adam. The results validate our findings that these spectral optimizers achieve superior generalization by promoting a more balanced learning of the data's underlying components.
QoSGMAA: A Robust Multi-Order Graph Attention and Adversarial Framework for Sparse QoS Prediction
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

With the rapid advancement of internet technologies, network services have become critical for delivering diverse and reliable applications to users. However, the exponential growth in the number of available services has resulted in many similar offerings, posing significant challenges in selecting optimal services. Predicting Quality of Service (QoS) accurately thus becomes a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring reliability and user satisfaction. However, existing QoS prediction methods often fail to capture rich contextual information and exhibit poor performance under extreme data sparsity and structural noise. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel architecture, QoSMGAA, specifically designed to enhance prediction accuracy in complex and noisy network service environments. QoSMGAA integrates a multi-order attention mechanism to aggregate extensive contextual data and predict missing QoS values effectively. Additionally, our method incorporates adversarial neural networks to perform autoregressive supervised learning based on transformed interaction matrices. To capture complex, higher-order interactions among users and services, we employ a discrete sampling technique leveraging the Gumbel-Softmax method to generate informative negative samples. Comprehensive experimental validation conducted on large-scale real-world datasets demonstrates that our proposed model significantly outperforms existing baseline methods, highlighting its strong potential for practical deployment in service selection and recommendation scenarios.
Capsule Network-Based Multimodal Fusion for Mortgage Risk Assessment from Unstructured Data Sources
Venue: arXiv cs.CE 2025
Year: 2025

Mortgage risk assessment traditionally relies on structured financial data, which is often proprietary, confidential, and costly. In this study, we propose a novel multimodal deep learning framework that uses cost-free, publicly available, unstructured data sources, including textual information, images, and sentiment scores, to generate credit scores that approximate commercial scorecards. Our framework adopts a two-phase approach. In the unimodal phase, we identify the best-performing models for each modality, i.e. BERT for text, VGG for image data, and a multilayer perceptron for sentiment-based features. In the fusion phase, we introduce the capsule-based fusion network (FusionCapsNet), a novel fusion strategy inspired by capsule networks, but fundamentally redesigned for multimodal integration. Unlike standard capsule networks, our method adapts a specific mechanism in capsule networks to each modality and restructures the fusion process to preserve spatial, contextual, and modality-specific information. It also enables adaptive weighting so that stronger modalities dominate without ignoring complementary signals. Our framework incorporates sentiment analysis across distinct news categories to capture borrower and market dynamics and employs GradCAM-based visualizations as an interpretability tool. These components are designed features of the framework, while our results later demonstrate that they effectively enrich contextual understanding and highlight the influential factors driving mortgage risk predictions. Our results show that our multimodal FusionCapsNet framework not only exceeds individual unimodal models but also outperforms benchmark fusion strategies such as addition, concatenation, and cross attention in terms of AUC, partial AUC, and F1 score, demonstrating clear gains in both predictive accuracy and interpretability for mortgage risk assessment.
An Intelligent Water-Saving Irrigation System Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion and Visual Servoing Control
Venue: arXiv cs.RO 2025
Year: 2025

This paper introduces an intelligent water-saving irrigation system designed to address critical challenges in precision agriculture, such as inefficient water use and poor terrain adaptability. The system integrates advanced computer vision, robotic control, and real-time stabilization technologies via a multi-sensor fusion approach. A lightweight YOLO model, deployed on an embedded vision processor (K210), enables real-time plant container detection with over 96% accuracy under varying lighting conditions. A simplified hand-eye calibration algorithm-designed for 'handheld camera' robot arm configurations-ensures that the end effector can be precisely positioned, with a success rate exceeding 90%. The active leveling system, driven by the STM32F103ZET6 main control chip and JY901S inertial measurement data, can stabilize the irrigation platform on slopes up to 10 degrees, with a response time of 1.8 seconds. Experimental results across three simulated agricultural environments (standard greenhouse, hilly terrain, complex lighting) demonstrate a 30-50% reduction in water consumption compared to conventional flood irrigation, with water use efficiency exceeding 92% in all test cases.
CoMo: Compositional Motion Customization for Text-to-Video Generation
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

While recent text-to-video models excel at generating diverse scenes, they struggle with precise motion control, particularly for complex, multi-subject motions. Although methods for single-motion customization have been developed to address this gap, they fail in compositional scenarios due to two primary challenges: motion-appearance entanglement and ineffective multi-motion blending. This paper introduces CoMo, a novel framework for $\textbf{compositional motion customization}$ in text-to-video generation, enabling the synthesis of multiple, distinct motions within a single video. CoMo addresses these issues through a two-phase approach. First, in the single-motion learning phase, a static-dynamic decoupled tuning paradigm disentangles motion from appearance to learn a motion-specific module. Second, in the multi-motion composition phase, a plug-and-play divide-and-merge strategy composes these learned motions without additional training by spatially isolating their influence during the denoising process. To facilitate research in this new domain, we also introduce a new benchmark and a novel evaluation metric designed to assess multi-motion fidelity and blending. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CoMo achieves state-of-the-art performance, significantly advancing the capabilities of controllable video generation. Our project page is at https://como6.github.io/.
UGAE: Unified Geometry and Attribute Enhancement for G-PCC Compressed Point Clouds
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Lossy compression of point clouds reduces storage and transmission costs; however, it inevitably leads to irreversible distortion in geometry structure and attribute information. To address these issues, we propose a unified geometry and attribute enhancement (UGAE) framework, which consists of three core components: post-geometry enhancement (PoGE), pre-attribute enhancement (PAE), and post-attribute enhancement (PoAE). In PoGE, a Transformer-based sparse convolutional U-Net is used to reconstruct the geometry structure with high precision by predicting voxel occupancy probabilities. Building on the refined geometry structure, PAE introduces an innovative enhanced geometry-guided recoloring strategy, which uses a detail-aware K-Nearest Neighbors (DA-KNN) method to achieve accurate recoloring and effectively preserve high-frequency details before attribute compression. Finally, at the decoder side, PoAE uses an attribute residual prediction network with a weighted mean squared error (W-MSE) loss to enhance the quality of high-frequency regions while maintaining the fidelity of low-frequency regions. UGAE significantly outperformed existing methods on three benchmark datasets: 8iVFB, Owlii, and MVUB. Compared to the latest G-PCC test model (TMC13v29), UGAE achieved an average BD-PSNR gain of 9.98 dB and 90.98% BD-bitrate savings for geometry under the D1 metric, as well as a 3.67 dB BD-PSNR improvement with 56.88% BD-bitrate savings for attributes on the Y component. Additionally, it improved perceptual quality significantly.
Improving Product Search Relevance with EAR-MP: A Solution for the CIKM 2025 AnalytiCup
Venue: arXiv cs.IR 2025
Year: 2025

Multilingual e-commerce search is challenging due to linguistic diversity and the noise inherent in user-generated queries. This paper documents the solution employed by our team (EAR-MP) for the CIKM 2025 AnalytiCup, which addresses two core tasks: Query-Category (QC) relevance and Query-Item (QI) relevance. Our approach first normalizes the multilingual dataset by translating all text into English, then mitigates noise through extensive data cleaning and normalization. For model training, we build on DeBERTa-v3-large and improve performance with label smoothing, self-distillation, and dropout. In addition, we introduce task-specific upgrades, including hierarchical token injection for QC and a hybrid scoring mechanism for QI. Under constrained compute, our method achieves competitive results, attaining an F1 score of 0.8796 on QC and 0.8744 on QI. These findings underscore the importance of systematic data preprocessing and tailored training strategies for building robust, resource-efficient multilingual relevance systems.
Multi-Stage Field Extraction of Financial Documents with OCR and Compact Vision-Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.IR 2025
Year: 2025

Financial documents are essential sources of information for regulators, auditors, and financial institutions, particularly for assessing the wealth and compliance of Small and Medium-sized Businesses. However, SMB documents are often difficult to parse. They are rarely born digital and instead are distributed as scanned images that are none machine readable. The scans themselves are low in resolution, affected by skew or rotation, and often contain noisy backgrounds. These documents also tend to be heterogeneous, mixing narratives, tables, figures, and multilingual content within the same report. Such characteristics pose major challenges for automated information extraction, especially when relying on end to end large Vision Language Models, which are computationally expensive, sensitive to noise, and slow when applied to files with hundreds of pages. We propose a multistage pipeline that leverages traditional image processing models and OCR extraction, together with compact VLMs for structured field extraction of large-scale financial documents. Our approach begins with image pre-processing, including segmentation, orientation detection, and size normalization. Multilingual OCR is then applied to recover page-level text. Upon analyzing the text information, pages are retrieved for coherent sections. Finally, compact VLMs are operated within these narrowed-down scopes to extract structured financial indicators. Our approach is evaluated using an internal corpus of multi-lingual, scanned financial documents. The results demonstrate that compact VLMs, together with a multistage pipeline, achieves 8.8 times higher field level accuracy relative to directly feeding the whole document into large VLMs, only at 0.7 percent of the GPU cost and 92.6 percent less end-to-end service latency.
Quality-Aware Translation Tagging in Multilingual RAG system
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2025
Year: 2025

Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) often retrieves English documents and translates them into the query language for low-resource settings. However, poor translation quality degrades response generation performance. Existing approaches either assume sufficient translation quality or utilize the rewriting method, which introduces factual distortion and hallucinations. To mitigate these problems, we propose Quality-Aware Translation Tagging in mRAG (QTT-RAG), which explicitly evaluates translation quality along three dimensions-semantic equivalence, grammatical accuracy, and naturalness&fluency-and attach these scores as metadata without altering the original content. We evaluate QTT-RAG against CrossRAG and DKM-RAG as baselines in two open-domain QA benchmarks (XORQA, MKQA) using six instruction-tuned LLMs ranging from 2.4B to 14B parameters, covering two low-resource languages (Korean and Finnish) and one high-resource language (Chinese). QTT-RAG outperforms the baselines by preserving factual integrity while enabling generator models to make informed decisions based on translation reliability. This approach allows for effective usage of cross-lingual documents in low-resource settings with limited native language documents, offering a practical and robust solution across multilingual domains.
MAP4TS: A Multi-Aspect Prompting Framework for Time-Series Forecasting with Large Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.CL 2025
Year: 2025

Recent advances have investigated the use of pretrained large language models (LLMs) for time-series forecasting by aligning numerical inputs with LLM embedding spaces. However, existing multimodal approaches often overlook the distinct statistical properties and temporal dependencies that are fundamental to time-series data. To bridge this gap, we propose MAP4TS, a novel Multi-Aspect Prompting Framework that explicitly incorporates classical time-series analysis into the prompt design. Our framework introduces four specialized prompt components: a Global Domain Prompt that conveys dataset-level context, a Local Domain Prompt that encodes recent trends and series-specific behaviors, and a pair of Statistical and Temporal Prompts that embed handcrafted insights derived from autocorrelation (ACF), partial autocorrelation (PACF), and Fourier analysis. Multi-Aspect Prompts are combined with raw time-series embeddings and passed through a cross-modality alignment module to produce unified representations, which are then processed by an LLM and projected for final forecasting. Extensive experiments across eight diverse datasets show that MAP4TS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art LLM-based methods. Our ablation studies further reveal that prompt-aware designs significantly enhance performance stability and that GPT-2 backbones, when paired with structured prompts, outperform larger models like LLaMA in long-term forecasting tasks.
Revisiting Multimodal Positional Encoding in Vision-Language Models
Venue: arXiv cs.CV 2025
Year: 2025

Multimodal position encoding is essential for vision-language models, yet there has been little systematic investigation into multimodal position encoding. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of multimodal Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) by examining its two core components: position design and frequency allocation. Through extensive experiments, we identify three key guidelines: positional coherence, full frequency utilization, and preservation of textual priors-ensuring unambiguous layout, rich representation, and faithful transfer from the pre-trained LLM. Based on these insights, we propose Multi-Head RoPE (MHRoPE) and MRoPE-Interleave (MRoPE-I), two simple and plug-and-play variants that require no architectural changes. Our methods consistently outperform existing approaches across diverse benchmarks, with significant improvements in both general and fine-grained multimodal understanding. Code will be avaliable at https://github.com/JJJYmmm/Multimodal-RoPEs.
FlowCapX: Physics-Grounded Flow Capture with Long-Term Consistency
Venue: arXiv cs.GR 2025
Year: 2025

We present FlowCapX, a physics-enhanced framework for flow reconstruction from sparse video inputs, addressing the challenge of jointly optimizing complex physical constraints and sparse observational data over long time horizons. Existing methods often struggle to capture turbulent motion while maintaining physical consistency, limiting reconstruction quality and downstream tasks. Focusing on velocity inference, our approach introduces a hybrid framework that strategically separates representation and supervision across spatial scales. At the coarse level, we resolve sparse-view ambiguities via a novel optimization strategy that aligns long-term observation with physics-grounded velocity fields. By emphasizing vorticity-based physical constraints, our method enhances physical fidelity and improves optimization stability. At the fine level, we prioritize observational fidelity to preserve critical turbulent structures. Extensive experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art velocity reconstruction, enabling velocity-aware downstream tasks, e.g., accurate flow analysis, scene augmentation with tracer visualization and re-simulation.
Enabling Vibration-Based Gesture Recognition on Everyday Furniture via Energy-Efficient FPGA Implementation of 1D Convolutional Networks
Venue: arXiv cs.LG 2025
Year: 2025

The growing demand for smart home interfaces has increased interest in non-intrusive sensing methods like vibration-based gesture recognition. While prior studies demonstrated feasibility, they often rely on complex preprocessing and large Neural Networks (NNs) requiring costly high-performance hardware, resulting in high energy usage and limited real-world deployability. This study proposes an energy-efficient solution deploying compact NNs on low-power Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to enable real-time gesture recognition with competitive accuracy. We adopt a series of optimizations: (1) We replace complex spectral preprocessing with raw waveform input, eliminating complex on-board preprocessing while reducing input size by 21x without sacrificing accuracy. (2) We design two lightweight architectures (1D-CNN and 1D-SepCNN) tailored for embedded FPGAs, reducing parameters from 369 million to as few as 216 while maintaining comparable accuracy. (3) With integer-only quantization and automated RTL generation, we achieve seamless FPGA deployment. A ping-pong buffering mechanism in 1D-SepCNN further improves deployability under tight memory constraints. (4) We extend a hardware-aware search framework to support constraint-driven model configuration selection, considering accuracy, deployability, latency, and energy consumption. Evaluated on two swipe-direction datasets with multiple users and ordinary tables, our approach achieves low-latency, energy-efficient inference on the AMD Spartan-7 XC7S25 FPGA. Under the PS data splitting setting, the selected 6-bit 1D-CNN reaches 0.970 average accuracy across users with 9.22 ms latency. The chosen 8-bit 1D-SepCNN further reduces latency to 6.83 ms (over 53x CPU speedup) with slightly lower accuracy (0.949). Both consume under 1.2 mJ per inference, demonstrating suitability for long-term edge operation.