OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
First Language Attrition and Dominance: Same Same or Different?
Authors: Barbara Köpke, Dobrinka Genevska-Hanke
Journal: Front Psychol (2018)
Keywords: attrition, bilingualism, context dependence, dominance, null subjects, reexposure, stability, time scales

We explore the relationship between first language attrition and language dominance, defined here as the relative availability of each of a bilingual's languages with respect to language processing. We assume that both processes might represent two stages of one and the same phenomenon (Schmid and Köpke, 2017; Köpke, 2018). While many researchers agree that language dominance changes repeatedly over the lifespan (e.g., Silva-Corvalan and Treffers-Daller, 2015), little is known about the precise time scales involved in dominance shifts and attrition. We investigate these time scales in a longitudinal case study of pronominal subject production by a near-native L2-German (semi-null subject and topic-drop but non-pro-drop) and L1-Bulgarian (pro-drop) bilingual speaker with 17 years of residence in Germany. This speaker's spontaneous speech showed a significantly higher rate of overt pronominal subjects in her L1 than the controls' rates when tested in Germany. After 3 weeks of L1-reexposure in Bulgaria, however, attrition effects disappeared and the overt subject rate fell within the monolinguals' range (Genevska-Hanke, 2017). The findings of this first investigation are now compared to those of a second investigation 5 years later, involving data collection in both countries with the result that after 17 years of immigration, no further attrition was attested and the production of overt subjects remained monolingual-like for the data collections in both language environments. The discussion focuses on the factors that are likely to explain these results. First, these show that attrition and language dominance are highly dependent on immediate language use context and change rapidly when the language environment is modified. Additionally, the data obtained after L1-reexposure illustrate that time scales involved in dominance shift or attrition are much shorter than previously thought. Second, the role of age of acquisition in attrition has repeatedly been acknowledged. The present study demonstrates that attrition of a highly entrenched L1 is a phenomenon affecting language processing only temporarily and that it is likely to regress quickly after reexposure or return to balanced L1-use. The discussion suggests that dominance shift and attrition probably involve similar mechanisms and are influenced by the same external factors, showing that both may be different steps of the same process.
Intracystic papillary carcinoma in the male breast: a rare endpoint of a wide spectrum
Authors: Ketan Vagholkar, Khojasteh Dastoor, Indumati Gopinathan
Journal: Case Rep Oncol Med (2013)

Introduction. Fibrocystic disease of the male breast is uncommon. The presence of a spectrum of changes ranging from fibrocystic disease to duct papilloma to papillary carcinoma in the same patient renders the case a rarity and therefore reportable. Case Report. A case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast is presented. Discussion. The pathological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic options are discussed after reviewing the literature. Conclusion. Modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance is the safest option for established cases.
HIV Prevention After Discontinuing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Conclusions From a Case Study
Authors: Kai J Jonas, Natthakhet Yaemim
Journal: Front Public Health (2018)
Keywords: hiv, counselling, pre-exposure prophylaxis, prevention, public health
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination with emtricitabine (FTC) is a highly effective form of HIV prevention. Endeavors of health-care providers and activists in many countries over the world are directed at making access to PrEP possible, or increasing PrEP use among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). We argue while this effort is necessary, we also need to consider modes of HIV prevention after a period of PrEP use. PrEP uptake is not a one-way street, meaning that individuals may discontinue PrEP use, either voluntarily and involuntarily. Voluntary discontinued PrEP use in conjunction with decreased or no HIV risk exposure is unproblematic, but involuntary discontinuations with continuous high level of HIV risk exposure calls for tailored post-PrEP use HIV prevention. We present a case study of an MSM individual who discontinued PrEP for medical reasons (renal function) and seroconverted soon afterward, to illustrate the need for tailored HIV prevention post-PrEP. Furthermore, we provide additional contexts of PrEP discontinuation leading to populations that are in need for post-PrEP types of HIV prevention. Subsequently, we present suggestions for modes of post-PrEP HIV prevention based on knowledge-communication-choice model. Community organization and health-care providers should consider and prepare their HIV prevention consulting protocols for such types of clients and add post-PrEP HIV prevention measures to their consulting offer.
Rehabilitation of an Auricular Defect Using Surgical Stent
Authors: Mahnaz Arshad, Gholamreza Shirani, Sina Refoua
Journal: World J Plast Surg (2018)
Keywords: dental prosthesis, ear implant, implant, ossicular replacement
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Reconstruction of a facial defect is a complex modality either surgically or prosthetically, depending on the site, size, etiology, severity, age, and the patient's expectation. The loss of an auricle, in the presence of an auditory canal, affects hearing, because the auricle gathers sound and directs it into the canal. The auricle acts as a resonator to slightly amplify lower frequency sounds and helps to localize sounds, especially in conjunction with the other ear. Osseointegrated implants have an important role in the prosthetic reconstruction of patients with craniofacial defects. The main indications of this treatment plan are lack of local tissue for autogenous reconstruction, previous reconstruction failure and selection of this technique by the patient. This paper presents a clinical case and advantages of the osseointegrated implant technique for retention of auricular prostheses.
Internal Carotid Dissection as the Cause of Stroke in Childhood
Authors: Giulia Cinelli, Vitaliana Loizzo, Lisa Montanari, Ilaria Filareto, Elisa Caramaschi, Barbara Predieri, Lorenzo Iughetti
Journal: Case Rep Pediatr (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a cause of stroke, but it is often underdiagnosed in children. ICAs' risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, and the treatment is still empirical. We report the case of a previously healthy 9-year-old girl who presented with involuntary hypertonic closure of the right hand associated with transient difficulty for both fine movements of the right arm and speech. She had a history of minor cervical trauma occurring 20 days prior to our observation without other associated risk factors. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography showed ischemic lesions due to the left ICA dissection. Treatment with both acetylsalicylic acid and levetiracetam allowed recanalization of the ICA associated with the resolution of clinical signs. Our clinical case suggests that the ICA dissection must be suspected early whenever a child manifests mild neurologic deficits after a cervical trauma, especially if they are associated with headache and/or cervical pain. Moreover, the management of ICA dissection must be improved.
A Combined Histone Deacetylases Targeting Strategy to Overcome Venetoclax Plus Azacitidine Regimen Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Three Case Reports
Authors: Bin-Ru Wang, Chao-Ling Wan, Song-Bai Liu, Qiao-Cheng Qiu, Tian-Mei Wu, Jun Wang, Yan-Yan Li, Shuai-Shuai Ge, Yan Qiu, Xiang-Dong Shen, Sheng-Li Xue, Zheng Li
Journal: Front Oncol (2021)
Keywords: r/r acute myeloid leukemia aml, chidamide, histon deacetylase inhibitors (hdaci), targeted therapy, venetoclax (bcl2 inhibitor)

The management of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a challenge with few reliably effective treatments. Chidamide, a new selective HDAC inhibitor, has demonstrated some effectiveness in AML patients. Herein, we reported three patients with R/R AML who were unresponsive to venetoclax plus azacitidine (VA) but were successfully treated with VA when chidamide was added to the regimen. MCL1 is one of the anti-apoptotic proteins. Chidamide targets the MCL1 protein, which may permit venetoclax resistance when upregulated. We determined MCL1 protein expression in different AML cell lines, and chidamide could downregulate MCL1 expression in venetoclax resistance AML cells. In general, our experience showed that the chidamide/VA combination could improve the condition of R/R AML patients who are resistant to VA. Formally evaluating this regimen in R/R AML patients may be meaningful.
Centromedian Nucleus of the Thalamus Deep Brain Stimulation for Genetic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shruti Agashe, David Burkholder, Keith Starnes, Jamie J Van Gompel, Brian N Lundstrom, Gregory A Worrell, Nicholas M Gregg
Journal: Front Hum Neurosci (2022)
Keywords: centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, deep brain stimulation, genetic generalized epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, neuromodulation centromedian thalamic stimulation for generalized epilepsy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

There is a paucity of treatment options for cognitively normal individuals with drug resistant genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be a viable treatment for GGE. Here, we present the case of a 27-year-old cognitively normal woman with drug resistant GGE, with childhood onset. Seizure semiology are absence seizures and generalized onset tonic clonic (GTC) seizures. At baseline she had 4-8 GTC seizures per month and weekly absence seizures despite three antiseizure medications and vagus nerve stimulation. A multidisciplinary committee recommended off-label use of CM DBS in this patient. Over 12-months of CM DBS she had two GTC seizure days, which were in the setting of medication withdrawal and illness, and no GTC seizures in the last 6 months. There was no significant change in the burden of absence seizures. Presently, just two studies clearly document CM DBS in cognitively normal individuals with GGE or idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) [in contrast to studies of cognitively impaired individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)]. Our results suggest that CM DBS can be an effective treatment for cognitively normal individuals with GGE and underscore the need for prospective studies of CM DBS.
Rectal diaphragm in a patient with imperforate anus and rectoprostatic fistula
Authors: Ashokanand Thakur, N P Dhende, S B Mane, Himanshu Acharya
Journal: J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg (2009)
Keywords: ano-rectal malformation, imperforate anus, rectal diaphragm
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The association of rectal diaphragm in an imperforate anus has not been reported until now. A 1-year-old male presented with right transverse colostomy for high anorectal malformation. The patient had imperforate anus and a recto-prostatic fistula with rectal diaphragm. We managed the case by an ano-rectal pull through with excision of the diaphragm.
Simultaneous Diagnosis of Acute Crohn's Disease and Endometriosis in a Patient Affects HIV
Authors: S Casiraghi, P Baggi, P Lanza, A Bozzola, A Vinco, V Villanacci, F Castelli, M Ronconi
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

This is the case report of a 45-year-old woman affected by HIV, who was hospitalized for diffuse abdominal pain, constipation, and weight loss present for over one month. A colonoscopy showed the presence of a nontransitable stenosis of the ascending colon. A right hemicolectomy was performed. The histological examination reports CD with outbreaks of endometriosis. CD and the HIV infection may coexist in the same individual and it seems that HIV reduces the relapse rate in IBD patients. CD and intestinal endometriosis can also occur simultaneously. The diagnosis is often only made after surgical resection of the diseased segment. These patients were more likely to have stricturing CD but endometriosis does not seem to impact the natural history of CD.
Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma presenting as lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dominic G Ventura, Shyam J Thakkar, Katie Farah
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report the first known case of a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma that presented with an endoscopically defined source of gastrointestinal bleeding in the colon. A 68-year-old male with a history of diverticulosis, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia who complained of a 3-month history of abdominal pain, nausea, and intermittent hematochezia presented for evaluation of large volume hematochezia and lightheadedness. Colonoscopy revealed left-sided diverticulosis and rectal varices without stigmata of recent bleed. CT scan showed a 26 × 20 × 13 cm heterogeneous retroperitoneal mass and multiple hypodense hepatic lesions. Liver biopsy revealed leiomyosarcoma. In summary, although surgery is the mainstay of treatment, resectability has not improved significantly. Early recognition and aggressive surgery are keys to long-term survival.
Symptomatic intracranial abscess after treating lower cervical spine fracture with halo vest: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Dimitrios S Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis Kontovazenitis, Konstantinos Kokkinis, Nikolaos Efstathopoulos, Dimitrios Korres
Journal: Cases J (2009)

We present the case of a nineteen year old male, who sustained a fracture of anterior-superior surface of C7, combined with anterior subluxation at the level of C6-C7 vertebrae. After x-ray and CT examination, he was treated conservatively by a Halo-vest. After mobilization, the patient was discharged from the hospital with instructions to visit the outpatient's clinic at regular bases.Despite of our instructions, he did not attend the regular follow-up and, three months later, he visited the emergencies complaining of pin loosening and serious headaches. He was admitted to the clinic in order to perform blood tests and new radiological control. During the first day, high fever (over 38,5 degrees C) was added to his symptoms. Blood exams were indicative of inflammation. Further investigation with CT-scan revealed the presence of a subdural abscess. After consulting the neurosurgeon, the patient was treated conservatively with antimicrobial drugs. Three weeks later he returned home without any symptoms. Since then, he is visiting regularly our clinic and no problems occurred during follow-up.
Osteomalacia associated with cutaneous psoriasis as the presenting feature of coeliac disease: a case report
Authors: Faten Frikha, Mouna Snoussi, Zouhir Bahloul
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2012)
Keywords: bone loss, osteomalacia, tunisia, vitamin d, celiac disease, cutaneous psoriasis, gluten-free diet
MeSH terms: Celiac Disease / diagnosis, Osteomalacia / diagnosis, Psoriasis / diagnosis, Case Reports, Adult, Celiac Disease / complications, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Osteomalacia / complications, Psoriasis / complications, Tunisia

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic digestive disease that results in hypersensitivity to the gliadin fraction of Gluten. Malabsorption syndrome may be responsible for weight loss, diarrhea, osteomalacia, and vitamins deficiency. Herein we report a patient with coeliac disease (CD) who presented with osteomalacia and psoriasis without classical symptoms of CD. A 25-year-old North African Tunisian white woman was admitted to the hospital because of a 1-year history of bone pain, weight loss and weakness. She had cutaneous psoriasis on dermatologic examination. She had also anemia, hypocalcemia and pathological fracture. She was diagnosed to have osteomalacia on the basis of clinical, biological and radiological findings. Further investigations revealed the presence of antiglutaminase antibodies, and histopathologic findings of the duodenal biopsy were consistent with celiac disease. The patient showed a fast response to gluten-free diet, and full recovery with calcium and vitamin D replacement. Coeliac disease is frequently misdiagnosed leading to major complications such as osteolamacia. In the other hand, osteomalacia can still be the presenting feature of undiagnosed celiac disease. Association between osteomalacia and cutaneous psoriasis is rarely reported.
Giant sixteen kilogram lymphangioma mesenteric cyst: An unusual presentation of a rare benign tumour
Authors: Guy Aristide Bang, Paul Tolefac, Olivier Fola, Marcella Biyouma, Ulrich Bisay, Marc Leroy Guifo, Arthur Essomba
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: case report, giant abdominal mass, low incomes country, mesenteric cyst, transverse mesocolon

Background:
Mesenteric cysts are rare abdominal benign tumours with an incidence of 1:100.000-250.000 surgical admissions located in the mesentery. Theirs presentations may range from incidental asymptomatic discovery during imaging to non-specific abdominal symptoms.
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 46 year old female who presented with 9 months history of progressive abdominal distension. CT scan showed a giant abdominal mass. After the necessary preoperative work up, a midline incision laparotomy was performed. Intraoperative findings were a mesenteric cyst originates from the transverse mesocolon. The cyst weighed 16 kg and histopathology analyses confirmed a lymphangioma mesenteric cyst.
Discussion:
In low incomes countries like our own, the interval between the onset of symptoms and consultation is often significant, leading to unusual and sometimes spectacular presentations at the time of diagnosis. To our knowledge, it is the heaviest mesenteric cyst reported in the literature to date.
Conclusion:
Mesenteric cysts may present as giant abdominal masses. The publication of this atypical case is a plea for us for the establishment of universal health coverage in our country in particular and in Africa in general.
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system presenting with subacute and fatal course of disease: a case report
Authors: Carsten Lukas, Kathy Keyvani, Christian Börnke
Journal: BMC Neurol (2005)
MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases / pathology, Vasculitis / pathology, Case Reports, Adult, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods, Male

Background:
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is an idiopathic disorder characterized by vasculitis within the dural confines. The clinical presentation shows a wide variation and the course and the duration of disease are heterogeneous. This rare but treatable disease provides a diagnostic challenge owing to the lack of pathognomonic tests and the necessity of a histological confirmation.
Case presentation:
A 28-year-old patient presenting with headache and fluctuating signs of encephalopathy was treated on the assumption of viral meningoencephalitis. The course of the disease led to his death 10 days after hospital admission. Postmortem examination revealed primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
Conclusion:
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system should always be taken into consideration when suspected infectious inflammation of the central nervous system does not respond to treatment adequately. In order to confirm the diagnosis with the consequence of a modified therapy angiography and combined leptomeningeal and brain biopsy should be considered immediately.
The Energetics during the World's Most Challenging Mountain Ultra-Marathon-A Case Study at the Tor des Geants®
Authors: Aldo Savoldelli, Alessandro Fornasiero, Pietro Trabucchi, Eloisa Limonta, Antonio La Torre, Francis Degache, Barbara Pellegrini, Grégoire P Millet, Gianluca Vernillo, Federico Schena
Journal: Front Physiol (2017)
Keywords: mum, energy expenditure, locomotion, metabolic cost, mountain ultra-marathon, ultra endurance, ultra trail, uphill
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Purpose: To provide insights into the energy requirements as well as the physiological adaptations of an experienced 50-year-old ultra-marathon male athlete during the world's most challenging mountain ultra-marathon (MUM). Methods: The international race supporting the study was the Tor des Geants®, characterized by 330 km with +24,000 m D+ to be covered within 150 h. Before the MUM, we assessed the peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) by means of an incremental graded running test. During the MUM we monitored six ascents (once per race day) with a portable gas analyzer, a GPS and a finger pulse oximeter. We then calculated the net metabolic cost per unit of distance (C), the vertical metabolic cost (Cvert) and the mechanical efficiency of locomotion (Effmech) throughout the six uphills monitored. We further monitored the distance covered, speed, altimetry and D+ from the GPS data as well as the pulse oxygen saturation with the finger pulse oximeter. Results: Subject's [Formula: see text] was 48.1 mL·kg-1·min-1. Throughout the six uphills investigated the mean exercise intensity was 57.3 ± 6.0% [Formula: see text] and 68.0 ± 8.7% HRpeak. C, Cvert and Effmech were 11.4 ± 1.9 J·kg-1·m-1, 57.9 ± 15.2 J·kg-1·[Formula: see text], and 17.7 ± 4.8%, respectively. The exercise intensity, as well as C, Cvert, and Effmech did not consistently increase during the MUM. Conclusions: For the first time, we described the feasibility of assessing the energy requirements as well as the physiological adaptations of a MUM in ecologically valid environment settings. The present case study shows that, despite the distance performed during the MUM, our participant did not experience a metabolic fatigue state. This is likely due to improvements in locomotor efficiency as the race progressed.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation with Concomitant Aortic Valve and Ascending Aortic Replacement
Authors: Katharina Huenges, Bernd Panholzer, Jochen Cremer, Assad Haneya
Journal: Case Rep Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is nowadays a routine therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. We present the case of a 74-year-old male patient who was admitted to our center with terminal heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy and ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve regurgitation. The LVAD implantation with simultaneous aortic valve and supracoronary ascending aortic replacement was successfully performed.
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix
Authors: Takafumi Watanabe
Journal: Case Rep Psychiatry (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to increase a variety of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been reported to be an effective psychotherapy for MDD. However, this is not the case with ASD. In this case study, based on the hypothesis that it is effective in treating MDD with ASD, we adapted the ACT Matrix, a tool for visualizing an individual's experiences in the context of ACT, and administered 15 sessions to a woman with MDD with ASD following the onset of photo dermatosis. By the end of the final session, there was an increase in value-based behaviors and significant changes in depressive symptoms as well as significant changes in process measures such as experience avoidance, mindfulness, and progress toward a valued life. Six months after the end of the session, the improvement in symptoms was even stronger and the process measure of obstruction to a valued life was significantly improved. The ACT Matrix may thus ameliorate MDD in patients with ASD.