OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Case report: Acne vulgaris treatment with 5-Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and adalimumab: a novel approach
Authors: Yang Ping, Zhong Jian Bo, Zhao Xing Yun, Kamran Ali, Chen Jun, Inmaculada Xu Lou, Li Ming Wu
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2023)
Keywords: 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ala) photodynamic therapy (pdt), tnf inhibitors, acne vulgaris, adalimumab, biological agent
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects a large proportion of teenagers and young adults. Despite the availability of various treatment options, many patients experience inadequate relief or intolerable side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a growing interest in the treatment of acne vulgaris, with 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) being one of the most commonly used photosensitizers. Adalimumab is a biologic medication used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as Psoriasis and Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which targets TNF-α. Combining different therapies, such as ALA-PDT and adalimumab, can often provide more effective and longer-lasting results. This report presents the case of a patient with severe and refractory acne vulgaris who was treated with a combination of ALA-PDT and adalimumab, resulting in significant improvement in the condition. The literature review highlights the significant comorbidity associated with acne, emphasizing the need for potential of TNF-α inhibitors for its effective treatments that address physical symptoms and ALA-PDT is known to treat scar hyperplasia, and to prevent or minimize the formation of post-acne hypertrophic scars. The combination of TNF inhibitors and ALA-PDT or adalimumab has shown promising results in treating inflammatory skin conditions, including severe and refractory acne vulgaris, as per recent studies.
Coagulation Pathways in Neurological Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Nicole Ziliotto, Francesco Bernardi, Dejan Jakimovski, Robert Zivadinov
Journal: Front Neurol (2019)
Keywords: coagulation, coagulation inhibitors, extrinsic pathway, fibrinolytic pathway, intrinsic pathway, multiple sclerosis
MeSH terms: Review

Significant progress has been made in understanding the complex interactions between the coagulation system and inflammation and autoimmunity. Increased blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, a key event in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to the irruption into the central nervous system of blood components that include virtually all coagulation/hemostasis factors. Besides their cytotoxic deposition and role as a possible trigger of the coagulation cascade, hemostasis components cause inflammatory response and immune activation, sustaining neurodegenerative events in MS. Early studies showing the contribution of altered hemostasis in the complex pathophysiology of MS have been strengthened by recent studies using methodologies that permitted deeper investigation. Fibrin(ogen), an abundant protein in plasma, has been identified as a key contributor to neuroinflammation. Perturbed fibrinolysis was found to be a hallmark of progressive MS with abundant cortical fibrin(ogen) deposition. The immune-modulatory function of the intrinsic coagulation pathway still remains to be elucidated in MS. New molecular details in key hemostasis components participating in MS pathophysiology, and particularly involved in inflammatory and immune responses, could favor the development of novel therapeutic targets to ameliorate the evolution of MS. This review article introduces essential information on coagulation factors, inhibitors, and the fibrinolytic pathway, and highlights key aspects of their involvement in the immune system and inflammatory response. It discusses how hemostasis components are (dys)regulated in MS, and summarizes histopathological post-mortem human brain evidence, as well as cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and serum studies of hemostasis and fibrinolytic pathways in MS. Studies of disease-modifying treatments as potential modifiers of coagulation factor levels, and case reports of autoimmunity affecting hemostasis in MS are also discussed.
Surgical Treatment of Oesophagostomum spp. Nodular Infection in a Chimpanzee at the CIRMF Primatology Center, Gabon
Authors: Barthélémy Ngoubangoye, Larson Boundenga, Serge-Ely Dibakou, Thierry-Audrey Tsoumbou, Cyr Moussadji Kinga, Franck Prugnolle, David Fouchet, Dominique Pontier
Journal: Case Rep Vet Med (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Oesophagostomosis is a zoonotic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum in the intestinal walls of many species, including ruminants, pigs, humans, and nonhuman primates. Although great apes appear to tolerate the parasite in the wild, they can develop a clinical form that can lead to death in captivity and the natural environment. At the Primatology Centre of the International Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF) in Gabon, we recorded 4 deaths of chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) caused by Oesophagostomum spp. between 2015 and 2019. In each case, coprological analysis was positive for strongylid eggs and abdominal ultrasound revealed nodules about 4 cm in diameter on the intestinal and abdominal walls. Albendazole treatments administered by mouth in two doses of 400 mg six months apart resulted in the disappearance of the parasite in coprological samples but the chimpanzees still died. Autopsies carried out on all four chimpanzees revealed a rupture of the cysts and a discharge of pus into the abdomen in each case. We report surgical management involving the removal of Oesophagostomum spp. cysts from a chimpanzee following coprological analysis and abdominal ultrasound examination. Surgical exploration confirmed the fragility of the cystic walls, the rupture of which we avoided. This 5th new case of Oesophagostomum ssp. nodules recovered without complications following the operation and could rejoin his group. We suggest that surgical intervention should be considered in similar cases in captive primates, especially chimpanzees.
A Primary Pleural Hydatid Cyst in an Unusual Location
Authors: Parviz Mardani, Mohammad Yasin Karami, Kamran Jamshidi, Navid Zadebagheri, Hadi Niakan
Journal: Tanaffos (2017)
Keywords: echinococcosis, hydatid cyst, pleura, pulmonary
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Hydatid cyst has a predilection to involve the liver and lungs. Most of the reported cases of intra-pleural hydatid cyst are secondary; primary involvement has rarely been reported in the English-language literature. Here, we report on a 33-year-old woman who presented with complaints of dyspnea, cough, low-grade fever, and chills over the previous 3 months. Primary pleural hydatidosis was suspected on abdominopelvic CT; hence, right thoracotomy and cystectomy were performed. Albendazole was administered postoperatively for 6 months. During this period, liver function tests and abdominal sonography results were normal. Despite its rarity, our case emphasizes that general surgeons should suspect primary hydatidosis of the plural cavity when they detect large cystic masses in patients with mediastinal shifting and radiography findings such as white lung, especially in patients with fever and dyspnea.
Invasive Listeriosis of Intracardiac Device
Authors: Prerna Sharma, Mohamed Yassin
Journal: Case Rep Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen which can cause invasive infection in immunocompromised adults. Listeria has been known to cause infections during pregnancy and in older adults. Listeria endocarditis is a rare condition. A case of listeria-related intracardiac device infection is reported below.
Case report:
A 74-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery disease, congestive cardiac failure, permanent atrial fibrillation status after nodal ablation, and placement of a biventricular pacemaker presented to the hospital with complaints of generalized fatigue. He was found to have listeria bacteremia, and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed pacemaker lead vegetation. The patient was treated with 6 weeks of vancomycin followed by oral suppression with amoxicillin.
Discussion:
Listeria can affect native valves, prosthetic valves, or nonvalvular intracardiac devices. The mean age of prosthetic valve endocarditis has been reported to be 67 years with male-to-female ratio 1.7 : 1 and mitral-to-aortic valve ratio 1.3 : 1. There have been case reports of listeria prosthetic valve endocarditis; however, there is paucity of literature on listeria-related pacemaker lead infection. Treatment is mostly a combination of penicillin and aminoglycosides for 4-6 weeks. Surgical removal of the infected device is preferred. Invasive listeriosis is a rare but fatal entity which should be identified and treated promptly to ensure a good outcome.
Leigh syndrome: MRI findings in two children
Authors: Al Kartikasalwah, Ngu Lh
Journal: Biomed Imaging Interv J (2010)
Keywords: leigh syndrome, mri, surf1, mitochondrial
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Leigh syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. The symmetrical necrotic lesions in the basal ganglia and/or brainstem which appear as hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted MRI is characteristic and one of the essential diagnostic criteria. Recognising this MR imaging pattern in a child with neurological problems should prompt the clinician to investigate for Leigh syndrome. We present here two cases of Leigh syndrome due to different biochemical/genetic defects, and discuss the subtle differences in their MR neuroimaging features.
Aggressive fibromatosis of anterior maxilla
Authors: Devi C Shetty, Aadithya B Urs, Puneet Ahuja, Seema Sikka
Journal: J Oral Maxillofac Pathol (2011)
Keywords: aggressive, fibromatosis, maxilla
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Aggressive fibromatosis is a comparitively rare tumor with unpredictable growth and varying local recurrence rates. It does not develop distant metastases but locally it shows an aggressive and infiltrative behavior. Clinically, aggressive fibromatosis manifests as a painless, firm, often rapidly enlarging mass, fixed to underlying bone or soft tissue. It is never encapsulated. Histologically, it is rich in collagen and fibroblastic cells that are devoid of hyperchromatic or atypical nuclei, but with more variable cellularity in different tumor sections.
Megalencephaly syndromes: exome pipeline strategies for detecting low-level mosaic mutations
Authors: William J Tapper, Nicola Foulds, Nicholas C P Cross, Paula Aranaz, Joannah Score, Claire Hidalgo-Curtis, David O Robinson, Jane Gibson, Sarah Ennis, I Karen Temple, Andrew Collins
Journal: PLoS One (2014)
MeSH terms: Exome / genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics, Megalencephaly / genetics, Mutation, Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Capillaries / abnormalities, Capillaries / pathology, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Fatal Outcome, Female, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Hydrocephalus / genetics, Hydrocephalus / pathology, Infant, Male, Megalencephaly / pathology, Phenotype, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / genetics, Polydactyly / genetics, Polydactyly / pathology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics, Syndactyly / genetics, Syndactyly / pathology, Syndrome, Vascular Malformations / genetics, Vascular Malformations / pathology, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2, human, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, PIK3CA protein, human, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Capillary Malformations, Congenital, 1

Two megalencephaly (MEG) syndromes, megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and megalencephaly-polymicrogyriapolydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH), have recently been defined on the basis of physical and neuroimaging features. Subsequently, exome sequencing of ten MEG cases identified de-novo postzygotic mutations in PIK3CA which cause MCAP and de-novo mutations in AKT and PIK3R2 which cause MPPH. Here we present findings from exome sequencing three unrelated megalencephaly patients which identified a causal PIK3CA mutation in two cases and a causal PIK3R2 mutation in the third case. However, our patient with the PIK3R2 mutation which is considered to cause MPPH has a marked bifrontal band heterotopia which is a feature of MCAP. Furthermore, one of our patients with a PIK3CA mutation lacks syndactyly/polydactyly which is a characteristic of MCAP. These findings suggest that the overlap between MCAP and MPPH may be greater than the available studies suggest. In addition, the PIK3CA mutation in one of our patients could not be detected using standard exome analysis because the mutation was observed at a low frequency consistent with somatic mosaicism. We have therefore investigated several alternative methods of exome analysis and demonstrate that alteration of the initial allele frequency spectrum (AFS), used as a prior for variant calling in samtools, had the greatest power to detect variants with low mutant allele frequencies in our 3 MEG exomes and in simulated data. We therefore recommend non-default settings of the AFS in combination with stringent quality control when searching for causal mutation(s) that could have low levels of mutant reads due to post-zygotic mutation.
Early decomposition of retained heavy silicone oil droplets
Authors: Touka Banaee
Journal: J Ophthalmic Vis Res (2012)
Keywords: chemical, heavy silicone oil, tamponade, toxicity, vitrectomy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Purpose:
To report a case of early decomposition of retained heavy silicone oil droplets.
Case report:
The single highly myopic eye of a 16-year-old boy with history of scleral buckling and buckle revision developed redetachment due to inferior retinal dialysis. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and injection of heavy silicone oil. Early emulsification of the silicone oil was observed following surgery, which was removed 4 weeks later in another operation. Retained heavy silicone droplets lost their heavier- than-water specific gravity within 2 months together with extensive iris depigmentation, and release of pigment granules into the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity.
Conclusion:
This case report demonstrates that heavy silicone oil droplets can undergo in vivo chemical decomposition with possible toxic effects on ocular tissues.
Personalized treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huaiyu Wang, Xuning Wang, Suxin Jiang, Jingna Zhu, Jie Liu, Chuanhong Zhou, Yanjun Zhu, Yong Han
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: ngs, anlotinib, btmb, durvalumab, extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, long survival
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 50-year-old female patient presented with post-exercise dyspnea in September 2016, and was subsequently diagnosed with SCLC with multiple brain and spinal metastases. The first-line treatment was etoposide combined with cisplatin and synchronously performed radiotherapy for the brain and spinal cord metastases. She was treated with anlotinib after disease progression in December 2018 and continued to have clinical benefit for nearly 25 months. Unexpectedly, the patient can still benefit from further combination treatment with durvalumab after another disease progression in February 2021. Thus, it may be a potential option to use anlotinib along with immunotherapy after the anlotinib resistance in SCLC, but more clinical data are still needed to confirm it. Moreover, ctDNA dynamic monitoring was performed and reflected the outcome of the process of treatment.
Coexistent Breast Cancer and Essential Thrombocythemia: How We Addressed the Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Karan Seegobin, Bharatsinh Gharia, Satish Maharaj, Lara Zuberi
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) occurring with breast cancer is uncommon; the therapeutic approach varies and poses a challenge. A 65-year-old female presented to us after being diagnosed with hormone positive, HER2-negative infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She had a platelet count of 600 thou/cu mm. Her JAK2 mutation was positive. Bone marrow biopsy showed increased megakaryocytes. She was diagnosed with ET in the setting of breast cancer. She underwent breast conservation surgery after which aspirin was resumed. Anticipating thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy and given the absence of data combining hydroxyurea with standard chemotherapy used for breast cancer, we felt it prudent to delay cytoreductive therapy for her ET until after completion of breast cancer treatment. Her average platelet count during chemotherapy was 480 thou/cu mm with the lowest being 377 thou/cu mm. Her platelet count remained at goal between 300 and 350 thou/cu mm after four months of hydroxyurea.
Delayed Manifestation of Shunt Nephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Michael Babigumira, Benjamin Huang, Sherry Werner, Wajeh Qunibi
Journal: Case Rep Nephrol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present an unusual case of shunt nephritis in a 39-year-old male who presented 21 years after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. He complained of fevers, headaches, dizziness, and urticarial plaques on arms, trunks, and legs and was found to have anemia, low complement levels, elevated serum creatinine, proteinuria, and new onset microhematuria. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Renal biopsy showed features of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis attributed to vancomycin use. Glomeruli showed increased mesangial hypercellularity and segmental endocapillary proliferation. Immunofluorescence showed focal IgM and C3 staining. Electron microscopy revealed small subendothelial electron-dense deposits. Symptoms and renal insufficiency appeared to improve with antibiotic therapy. He was discharged and readmitted 2 months later with similar presentation. CSF grew Propionibacterium acnes and shunt hardware grew coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. He completed an intravenous antibiotic course and was discharged. On 1-month follow-up, skin lesions persisted but he was otherwise asymptomatic. Follow-up labs showed significant improvement. We did a brief systematic review of the literature on shunt nephritis and report our findings on 79 individual cases. In this review, we comment on the presentation, lab findings, pathological features, and management of this rare, potentially fatal, but curable disease entity.
Building-related illness (BRI) in all family members caused by mold infestation after dampness damage of the building
Authors: Axel Kramer, Thomas A Wichelhaus, Volkhard Kempf, Michael Hogardt, Kai Zacharowski
Journal: GMS Hyg Infect Control (2021)
Keywords: building related illness, course of the disease, dampness damage, influencing factors, molds infestation, symptomatology
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction: In 2010, dampness damage in a single-family house caused a massive mold infestation. In the further course, the 5 family members developed severe health problems. This report investigates the extent and cause of the water damage. In addition, the various visible fungal infestations were analyzed in a specialized laboratory. Results: Due to building construction errors, starting from the basement, an increased moisture penetration of the residential building was detected. Within 2 years, massive mold infestation occurred. In 2016, the following species were detected: Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Scopularis brevicaulis, Acremonium furculum, A. charticola and A. sclerotigenum, Trichomonascus apis Aspergillus versicolor and Debaryomyces hansenii. Additionally, different black molds were macroscopically detected. The severity of the disease process varied, probably due to the different daily exposure of the family members, and possibly influenced by age. The children presented acute episodes with nocturnal cough, associated with sleep disturbances and respiratory infections with severe rhinitis. In addition, general fatigue was noticeable. The course of the disease was complicated by recurrent nightly nosebleeds. The mother developed a much more severe course as chronic fatigue syndrome. Additionally, the following continuous complaints occurred: sore throat and headache, nocturnal irritable cough, chronic rhinitis, difficulty concentrating, increasing forgetfulness and word-finding disorders, cognitive impairment with reduced short-term memory, extremely dry eyes with red sclerae, morning stiffness, dyspnea, disturbed temperature regulation (chills), increased feeling of thirst, and menstrual disorders. The father's building-related illness (BRI) was comparatively mild due to much lower exposure, with nocturnal irritable cough, rhinitis, and marked fatigue. In 2018, after moving out of the house, the father was symptom-free after 2 weeks, the three children after 6 months, but the mother only after 18 months. Discussion: The symptoms are consistent with reports from the literature, according to which fatigue, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration and headache as well as recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract are caused by microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) released by molds. The association with recurrent nosebleeds in childhood has not been described in this form before. Conclusion: Since in all family members complete remission of symptoms occurred after cessation of the 6-year exposure, there is no doubt that the BRI was caused by the massive mold infestation.
Robot-Assisted Resection of Left Ventricular Papillary Fibroelastoma Arising From the Mitral Chordal Apparatus
Authors: Kyle G Mitchell, Blaz Podgorsek, Diego E Fiorito, Juan A Abreu, Danny Ramzy
Journal: Innovations (Phila) (2023)
Keywords: minimally invasive cardiac surgery, papillary fibroelastoma, robotic cardiac surgery
MeSH terms: Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma, Heart Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging, Heart Neoplasms / pathology, Heart Neoplasms / surgery, Robotics, Case Reports, Aged, Female, Heart Ventricles / diagnostic imaging, Heart Ventricles / pathology, Heart Ventricles / surgery, Humans, Thoracoscopy

The application of robot-assisted thoracoscopy to cardiac surgery affords an opportunity to leverage the exceptional intraoperative exposure, visualization, and dexterity of the robotic platform. Here, we report the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented to our institution for evaluation of a left ventricular mass that was identified following workup for an embolic event. We present an intraoperative video that provides technical details of the robot-assisted resection of the lesion, which was found to be a left ventricular papillary fibroelastoma arising from the mitral chordal apparatus. This case highlights the advantages provided by the robotic platform, which permitted complete, minimally invasive surgical excision of the lesion while minimizing the burden of surgical trauma.