OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
AIDS, conflict and the media in Africa: risks in reporting bad data badly
Authors: Massimo Lowicki-Zucca, Paul Spiegel, Filippo Ciantia
Journal: Emerg Themes Epidemiol (2005)

Background:
Conflict, poverty and HIV disproportionately affect people in sub-Saharan Africa. The manner in which governments, national and international organisations and the media report on the HIV epidemic in situations of conflict, post-conflict and reconstruction can have unintended and negative consequences for those affected populations. The media in particular has a huge influence on how the world observes and reacts to the HIV epidemic among conflict-affected and displaced populations.
Discussion:
Three case studies focused on Sudan, Uganda and Guinea describe what the media reported and why the reports were incomplete, misleading or incorrect. The exploration of possible ways to ensure that the media do not unwittingly inflame delicate and complicated situations of HIV among conflict-affected and displaced populations is then undertaken using epidemiological and journalistic principles. The discussion is divided into four sections: 1) Avoid stigmatising statements and ensure a balanced view; 2) Avoid accurate but misleading statements; 3) Avoid inaccurate statements by clearly stating sources and verifying their credibility; and 4) Do not repeat data and conclusions from other news sources without checking their accuracy. The aim of this manuscript is to stimulate awareness and debate among persons and organisations working on HIV/AIDS as well as the media in order to improve dialogue and ultimately to reduce stigma and discrimination amongst an already vulnerable group--conflict-affected and displaced persons.
Summary:
The media and humanitarian organisations have published misleading and inaccurate HIV data and statements on conflict-affected and displaced populations in Sudan, Uganda and Guinea. Given the unique characteristics of the HIV epidemic and conflict-affected and displaced populations, the media have a special obligation to report in a balanced and non-discriminatory manner that may go beyond the accepted standards of journalism. The media may wish to have the HIV data and their interpretation reviewed by technical experts before going to press. Specific training for reporters and editors regarding ethical issues and basic epidemiological methods may help them to better understand the complexity of the situation and report more accurately; similar training for media watch groups and human rights organisations may improve the monitoring of such situations and possibly reduce misreporting and subsequent discrimination. More rigorous HIV biological and behavioural surveillance should be undertaken in situations of conflict and displacement and humanitarian guidelines should be integrated with guidance on media relations and reporting responsibilities of humanitarian agencies. Finally, humanitarian agencies must ensure the data they release are sound and that any biases are clearly stated. Improved communication with the media will help to ensure more accurate reporting and interpretation.
A Case of Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst of the Liver and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nilufer Bulut, Sevinc Dagıstanlı
Journal: Case Rep Radiol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Hydatid cyst is an endemic disease frequently localized to the liver. It is frequently observed in Southeast Europe, Middle East, and Turkey. Although the cyst rupture can occur spontaneously, it can also occur upon albendazole treatment. Its surgical treatment includes cystotomy, capitonnage, and wedge resection.
Material-method:
A 56-year-old male immigrant was admitted with fever, pain, and cough. Albendazole treatment was initiated and elective surgery was planned. Upon his admission to emergency service, he was diagnosed with pneumonia, and a spontaneous cyst rupture was detected.
Result:
Thoracotomy and cystotomy were performed. Bile leakage aspiration and lung wedge resection were also performed.
Conclusion:
Different surgical methods are used in the treatment of hydatid cysts depending on the localization and complications. Follow-up with antihelminthic drugs such as albendazole and mebendazole is recommended in medical treatment.
Paediatric burns secondary to nail adhesives: a case series
Authors: Claire Coles, Muhammad Umair Javed, Sarah Hemington Gorse, Dai Nguyen
Journal: Burns Trauma (2016)
Keywords: chemical burn, first aid, nail adhesive, nail glue, paediatric burns
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Nail adhesives are widely available beauty products that are used in the cosmetic industry and households to attach false nails. Nail adhesive burns are uncommon, and it is crucial that healthcare providers and the public are aware of its potential to cause chemical burn.
Case presentation:
Case series of accidental burns secondary to cyanoacrylate nail glue treated at the Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery (WCBPS) in Swansea, United Kingdom.
Conclusion:
All of the burns were observed in children and occurred due to accidental spillage. Therefore, it is important for the public to be aware that nail glue is a chemical agent which should be stored safely away from the reaches of young children. The case series highlights the importance of first aid in reducing the severity of chemical burns secondary to the nail adhesives, and its early recognition and treatment are emphasised.
A Novel Mutation in the NBD Domain of NLRC4 Causes Mild Autoinflammation With Recurrent Urticaria
Authors: Li Wang, Wen Wen, Mengyue Deng, Yue Li, Gan Sun, Xiaodong Zhao, Xuemei Tang, Huawei Mao
Journal: Front Immunol (2021)
Keywords: nlrc4, autoinflammatory disease, mild phenotype, novel mutation, urticaria
MeSH terms: CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / genetics, Calcium-Binding Proteins / genetics, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / genetics, Urticaria / genetics, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adult, Arthralgia / genetics, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / metabolism, Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism, Caspase 1 / metabolism, Child, Preschool, Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes / genetics, Cytokines / metabolism, Enterocolitis / genetics, Female, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / diagnosis, Humans, Inflammasomes, Inflammation / genetics, Macrophage Activation Syndrome / genetics, Male, Molecular Structure, Mutation, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cytokines, Inflammasomes, NLRC4 protein, human, Caspase 1

Background:
NOD-like receptor family CARD-containing 4 protein (NLRC4) is a cytosolic protein that forms an inflammasome in response to flagellin and type 3 secretion system (T3SS) proteins from invading Gram-negative bacteria. NLRC4 mutations have been recently identified in early-onset severe autoinflammatory disorders. In this study, we reported a novel mutation in NLRC4 in two Chinese patients, who manifested with recurrent urticaria and arthralgia.
Methods:
We summarized the clinical data of the two patients. Gene mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Swiss-PdbViewer was used to predict the pathogenicity of the identified mutations. Cytokine levels and caspase-1 activation were detected in the patient PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. All previously published cases with NLRC4 mutations were reviewed.
Results:
We identified a missense heterozygous mutation (c.514G>A, p.Gly172Ser), which was located in the highly conserved residue of nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of NLRC4. The mutation did not alter the expression of NLRC4 protein, but induced considerably much higher production of IL-1β and IL-6 in patient PBMCs than in healthy controls after LPS stimulation. Four NLRC4 inflammasomopathy phenotypes have been described, with severe inflammatory diseases including macrophage activation syndrome, enterocolitis and NOMID in patients with mutations in the NBD and HD1 domains, whereas a mild clinical phenotype was associated with two mutations in the WHD domain of NLRC4.
Conclusion:
We identified a novel mutation in the NBD domain, and the patients just presented with a mild inflammatory phenotype. Thus, our findings reinforce the diversity of NLRC4 mutations and expand the clinical spectrum of associated diseases.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in a Young African Soldier with Recurrent Syncope
Authors: Mohammed Abdullahi Talle, Faruk Buba, Aimé Bonny, Musa Mohammed Baba
Journal: Case Rep Cardiol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Syncope is a common manifestation of both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. The most common arrhythmia in HCM is ventricular tachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). While preexcitation provides the substrate for reentry and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), AF is more common in patients with preexcitation than the general population. Concurrence of HCM and WPW has been reported in many cases, but whether the prognosis or severity of arrhythmia is different compared to the individual disorders remains unsettled. We report a case of HCM and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome in a 28-year-old male Nigerian soldier presenting with recurrent syncope and lichen planus.
Soft Tissue Mandibula and Tongue Reconstruction Using A Suprafascial, Folded, Deepithelialized Antero-Lateral Thigh Perforator Free Flap
Authors: Christian Weinand, Carsten Dittes
Journal: World J Plast Surg (2019)
Keywords: flap, mandible, reconstruction, sqamous cell carcinoma, surgery, tongue
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most frequent carcinoma of the head and neck region. For coverage of an entire resected mandible with floor of the mouth, 3/4 of the tongue and soft tissue of cheeks and neck bony reconstruction of the mandible and soft tissue reconstruction of tongue, cheeks and a neck large flap are needed. A patient with a superinfected T4 HNSCC was presented to our outpatient clinic. Complete resection of the mandible, bilateral neck dissection and 3/4 resection of the tongue were performed. A complex reconstruction using two free flaps was not feasable, so a large, folded, suprafascial Antero Lateral Thigh Perforator (ALTP) flap for immediate soft tissue reconstruction was used. Because of the anatomy, no reconstruction plate was inserted. On postop day 11, an understandable speaking was possible using a speach canula. Swallowing was possible without regurgitation. Eight months postoperatively, the patients mimic and closure of the mouth were satisfactory. The flap was viable throughout the entire time. It was shown that the suprafascial ALTP flap was a versatile part in the armamentarium for complex mandible soft tissue reconstruction.
Case report: Concurrent malignant triton tumor and relapsed pituitary adenoma in the sellar region
Authors: Jinchao Wang, Zhigang Yao, Shangchen Xu, Bin Liu
Journal: Front Surg (2023)
Keywords: concurrent tumor, malignant triton tumors, radiation, relapsed pituitary adenoma, sellar region
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a rare kind of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, histologically characterized by rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. There are limited reports of MTT occurring in the intracranial area. The treatment modality consisting of total surgical resection plus post-operative radiotherapy is generally accepted. However, even with optimal treatment, most patients will die within a few months. We report a 71-year-old man with a history of pituitary adenoma, who underwent surgical treatment and postoperative gamma knife therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a mass with two distinctive components in the sellar area. Postoperative pathology found that the lesion consisted of a MTT and a relapsed pituitary adenoma. The present case is the first report of MTT that occurred in the sellar area. It is also the first case of intracranial MTT with other concurrent tumors (relapsed pituitary tumors). Meanwhile, this case has a clear history of radiation therapy, suggesting that the occurrence of MTT may be related to radiation.
Case Report: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis Triggered by COVID-19
Authors: Mizuki Kimura, Shunta Hashiguchi, Kenichi Tanaka, Manato Hagiwara, Keita Takahashi, Yosuke Miyaji, Hideto Joki, Hiroshi Doi, Michiaki Koga, Hideyuki Takeuchi, Fumiaki Tanaka
Journal: Front Neurol (2021)
Keywords: bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, anti-gq1b ganglioside antibody, coronavirus disease 2019, hemodynamic instability, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, transthoracic echocardiogram
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy triggered by critical illness including severe neurological disorders. However, an association between TCM and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) has rarely been described. During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 often leads to various neurological disorders, but there are few reports of an association between COVID-19 and BBE. Here we report a case of TCM associated with BBE triggered by COVID-19, which subsided with immunotherapy for BBE. Both transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography led to early and accurate diagnosis of TCM. Sustained hemodynamic instability due to TCM was immediately lessened with immunotherapy whereas additional plasmapheresis and immunotherapy were required to treat BBE. This case indicates that BBE might follow COVID-19 and TCM should be considered when hemodynamic status remains unstable in a patient with BBE.
Case report: Multimodal imaging diagnosis of a giant coronary artery fistula: A report of two cases
Authors: Mohammadbagher Sharifkazemi, Reza Mohseni-Badalabadi, Ali Hosseinsabet, Alimohammad Hajizeinali
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2022)
Keywords: coronary artery disease, coronary vessels, fistula, multimodal imaging, vascular fistula
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Being a very rare cardiac disease, most cases of coronary artery fistula (CAF) are genetic. Complications such as coronary steal syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or tamponade can manifest following the abnormal communication that the fistula creates between the coronary arteries and cardiac chambers or major vessels and the subsequent shunt. Most CAFs are small and asymptomatic, making diagnosis difficult. In symptomatic patients, the initial diagnostic workup is generally made with chest radiography and electrocardiography. Other imaging modalities have also been suggested to improve diagnostic accuracy. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography are currently the gold standard for diagnosis and planning the intervention, as they can recognize the quantum of the shunt as well as complications of a fistulous track (e.g., aneurysm formation, thrombus, leak, and the number of openings to the receiving chamber/vessel); however, this invasive method may be associated with risk. Herein, we report two patients with giant CAFs, one from the left circumflex artery to the coronary sinus and the other to the superior vena cava. Moreover, we describe how multimodal imaging, including two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, coronary cineangiography, coronary computed tomography angiography, and enhanced chest computed tomography, can facilitate diagnosis and estimate the disease course in such patients. We believe that using multimodal imaging cannot only help the initial diagnosis regarding the presence of a CAF and the accurate anatomical site of the fistula in the patient but can also help predict the disease course and choose the most suitable treatment modality. Therefore, we suggest multimodal imaging be done to diagnose patients suspected of CAF. However, invasive cineangiography should be necessarily followed, regardless of whether an intervention is planned or not.
Cardiac Arrest as a Consequence of Air Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zia Ur Rahman, Ghulam Murtaza, Mohsin Pourmorteza, Wael K El Minaoui, Pooja Sethi, Peyman Mamdouhi, Timir Paul
Journal: Case Rep Med (2016)

Air embolism is an infrequent but potentially catastrophic complication. It could be a complication of invasive procedures including surgery, central line placement, positive pressure ventilation, trauma, hemodialysis, pacemaker placement, cardiac ablation, and decompression sickness. Usually, it does not cause any hemodynamic complication. In rare cases, it could lodge in the heart and cause cardiac arrest. We present a case of an 82-year-old white female who underwent computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy of right lung pulmonary nodule. When she was turned over after the lung biopsy, she became unresponsive and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. She underwent successful resuscitation and ultimately was intubated. CT chest was performed immediately after resuscitation which showed frothy air dense material in the left atrium and one of the right pulmonary veins suggesting a Broncho venous fistula with air embolism. Although very rare, air embolism could be catastrophic resulting in cardiac arrest. Supportive care including mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, volume resuscitation, and supplemental oxygen is the initial management. Patients with cardiac, neurological, or respiratory complications benefit from hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
A case report of untreatable HIV infection in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Cleophas Chimbetete, Linda Chirimuta, Margaret Pascoe, Olivia Keiser
Journal: South Afr J HIV Med (2019)
Keywords: art programmes, dolutegravir, resistance, untreatable hiv, zimbabwe
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Zimbabwe, like other resource limited countries, manages HIV infection using the public health approach with standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens for first, second and third-line treatment. Third-line ART is the last available treatment option and is based on dolutegravir and darunavir use after HIV drug resistance testing.
Patient presentation:
We report here a 17-year-old patient on dolutegravir (DTG) and Darunavir based third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) previously exposed to raltegravir who develops multidrug resistance HIV to the four ART classes available in Zimbabwe.
Management and outcome:
A trophism assay revealed that patient has CXCR4 trophic virus and hence will not benefit from Maraviroc. Patient is currently stable and receiving a holding regimen of abacavir, lamivudine and lamivudine.
Conclusion:
This is the first documented case of multiclass resistance to the four available ART classes in Zimbabwe. The development and transmission of multiclass HIV drug resistance in resource limited settings has potential to undo the gains of national ART programs. There is need to ensure optimum adherence to ART even in the era of DTG.
Case report and literature review: Small bowel intussusception due to solitary metachronous metastasis from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wenming Yang, Zhaolun Cai, Pan Nie, Tao Yuan, Hang Zhou, Qiang Du, Siyuan Qiu, Jianhao Zhang, Lie Yang
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: adult intussusception, case report, renal cell carcinoma, solitary metastasis, surgical oncology
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Solitary metachronous small bowel metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. In contrast to idiopathic intussusception frequently occurring in children, adult intussusception is fairly uncommon and usually indicates a malignancy.
Case presentation:
We presented an 84-year-old man with small bowel intussusception and obstruction due to a solitary metachronous metastasis from RCC. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast revealed small bowel obstruction and a 4 × 4 cm intraluminal soft-tissue mass with moderate enhancement. During urgent exploratory laparotomy, a pedunculated tumor of the distal ileum was found to be the lead point of intussusception. Hence, reduction of the intestinal invagination and segmental resection of the ileum with functional end-to-end anastomosis were performed. Histological examination finally confirmed the diagnosis. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient was discharged without any complications on postoperative day 6.
Conclusion:
The case report highlights the rarity of solitary metachronous small bowel metastases from RCC and suggests that life-long follow-up of RCC patients is critical due to its unpredictable behavior and the possibility of a long period of dormancy. Complete surgical resection remains the mainstay treatment for such patients.
Case Report: A neurolinguistic and neuroimaging study on a Chinese follow-up case with logopenic-variant of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Binyao Huang, Xiaolu Wang, Biao Jiang, Linlin Kong, Haifeng Hou, Jiong Zhou
Journal: Front Neurol (2022)
Keywords: alzheimer's disease, logopenic-variant, neuroimaging, neurolinguistics, primary progressive aphasia
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), typically resulting from a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by a progressive loss of specific language functions while other cognitive domains are relatively unaffected. The logopenic variant, characterized by impairments of word retrieval and sentence repetition along with preserved semantic, syntactic, and motor speech abilities, is the most recently described and remains less understood than other variants due to a comparatively small number of case studies and a lack of investigations with a thorough specification. In this article, we report a 2-year follow-up case study of a 74-year-old Chinese female patient with a logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, including its neurolinguistic study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-Positron emission tomography imaging analyses, as well as gene sequencing. This case confirms that, in addition to word-finding and sentence repetition difficulties, the logopenic variant may also present with mild auditory comprehension and naming deficits attributed to impaired access to lexical representations. The observation of clinical treatment suggests the efficacy of memantine hydrochloride tablet and rivastigmine transdermal patch in slowing down the cognitive deterioration of this patient. The description and exploration of this case may shed new insights into a better understanding of the Chinese logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia.
Obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the initial presentation of penile paraffinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Asterios Symeonidis, Evangelos N Symeonidis, Chrysovalantis Toutziaris, Georgios Dimitriadis
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2021)
Keywords: luts, penile paraffinoma, case report, lipogranuloma, paraffin oil, phimosis
MeSH terms: Granuloma, Foreign-Body / diagnosis, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / etiology, Penile Diseases / diagnosis, Case Reports, Review, Adult, Delayed Diagnosis, Granuloma, Foreign-Body / pathology, Humans, Male, Penile Diseases / pathology

Penile paraffinoma is a rare condition after penile injection of liquid paraffin or other mineral oils, with well-documented debilitating complications. Nevertheless, such injections are still performed by people of Eastern European and Asian descent for cosmetic penile augmentation. We report a case of penile paraffinoma in an otherwise healthy, 30-year-old male, with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the sole complaint at presentation in the emergency department and a conservative approach. This case report describes an unusual presentation of penile paraffinoma in a young man and aims to raise public and physician awareness regarding disease manifestation to prevent high morbidity from delayed diagnosis and treatment.