OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
The contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction activities in Zimbabwe: A big call to practitioners
Authors: Ernest Dube, Edson Munsaka
Journal: Jamba (2018)
MeSH terms: Review

This article examined the contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction activities in Zimbabwe. The current discourse underrates the use of indigenous knowledge of communities by practitioners when dealing with disasters', as the knowledge is often viewed as outdated and primitive. This study, which was conducted in 2016, sought to examine this problem through analysing the potential contribution of indigenous knowledge as a useful disaster risk reduction intervention. Tsholotsho district in Matabeleland, North province of Zimbabwe, which frequently experiences perennial devastating floods, was used as a case study. Interviews and researcher observations were used to gather data from 40 research participants. The findings were that communities understand weather patterns and could predict imminent flooding after studying trees and clouds, and the behaviours of certain animal species. Local communities also use available local resources to put structural measures in place as part of disaster risk reduction interventions. Despite this important potential, the study found that the indigenous knowledge of disaster risk reduction of the communities is often shunned by practitioners. The practitioners claim that indigenous knowledge lacks documentation, it is not found in all generational classes, it is contextualised to particular communities and the knowledge cannot be scientifically validated. The study concluded that both local communities and disaster risk reduction practitioners can benefit from the indigenous knowledge of communities. This research has the potential to benefit communities, policymakers and disaster risk reduction practitioners.
Intratesticular leiomyoma: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Skander Zouari, Mouna Ben Othmane, Khaireddine Bouassida, Wissem Hmida, Mehdi Jaidane
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2020)
Keywords: benign, leiomyoma, scrotal mass, testicle
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Leiomyomas are benign tumors that originate from smooth muscles cells. Intratesticular leiomyoma is a very rare type of benign testicular masses. Through the literature, only 11 cases were reported.
Presentation of case:
A 36 years old man presented with painless right scrotal mass. Clinical examination showed right upper polar testicular mass, well circumscribed and highly vascularized on sonography. Serum tumor markers were normal. Patient was explained the possibility of an organ sparing surgery if frozen section shows no sign of malignancy. Midline incision with frozen section was performed, with wide local excision. Pathological examination of the specimen confirmed intratesticular leiomyoma. Two years after the surgery, patient showed no sign of recurrence.
Discussion:
Intratesticular Leiomyoma is usually revealed as a non-tender firm scrotal mass that increases in size. Sonography is the imaging modality of choice for assessing intrascrotal pathology, and cannot distinguish benign from malignant tumor. Surgical management is subject of debate. While some authors recommend radical orchiectomy, others suggest the use of frozen section intraoperatively, and perform conservative treatment by mass excision in the absence of signs of malignancy.
Conclusion:
Intratesticular leiomyoma is a very rare finding. When suspected, conservative management using frozen section followed by mass excision can be done, but final diagnosis remains on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry of the specimen.
Penile shaft sinus: A sequalae of circumcision in urethral duplication
Authors: Lukman O Abdur-Rahman, Abdulrasheed A, Nasir John O, Agboola, James O Adeniran
Journal: Indian J Urol (2009)
Keywords: circumcision, penile sinus, urethral duplication
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Urethral duplication (UD) is rare congenital anomalies with varied presentation. Careful clinical evaluation of children by specialist would enhance diagnosis, adequate management and reduce occurrence of complication. We present a 12-year-old boy with chronic post circumcision ventral penile sinus that was successfully managed for urethral duplication.
Successful Treatment of Acute Limb Ischemia Secondary to Iatrogenic Distal Embolization Using Catheter Directed Aspiration Thrombectomy
Authors: Ashley A Farhat-Sabet, Besher Tolaymat, Antanina Voit, Charles B Drucker, Rafael Santini-Dominguez, Areck A Ucuzian, Shahab A Toursavadkohi, Khanjan H Nagarsheth
Journal: Front Surg (2020)
Keywords: acute limb ischemia, aspiration thromectomy, distal embolization, iatrogenic embolization, penumbra
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective: Acute limb ischemia (ALI) due to thromboembolism is a limb- and life-threatening condition regularly encountered by vascular surgeons. Iatrogenic distal embolization is occasionally seen as a complication of various endovascular procedures. We present a series of four patients who developed ALI due to arterial embolization during cardiovascular procedures that were successfully treated via catheter directed aspiration embolectomy. Methods: Retrospective review of demographics, risk factors, and procedural outcomes was completed for 4 patients who presented with ALI due to distal embolization following cardiovascular procedures. All patients were successfully treated with catheter directed aspiration embolectomy using the Penumbra Indigo System (Penumbra Inc., Alameda, California). All patients had high-quality angiography demonstrating successful embolectomy and end-procedure patency. Results: Three patients presented with Rutherford 2A and one with Rutherford 2B ALI secondary to intraoperative distal embolization. Three patients presented with ALI secondary to distal embolization during peripheral vascular interventions, and one following emergent intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) placement for myocardial infarction. All emboli were located in the infra-inguinal vasculature. Median post-operative ABIs were 0.94 (n = 4). Median length of stay was 2 days. There were no mortalities and no need for adjunctive fasciotomy, amputation, or bypass for limb salvage. All patients improved clinically after intervention, and returned to their reported pre-hospitalization functional status. Conclusion: All procedures achieved technical success with catheter-directed aspiration thrombectomy with or without adjunctive lysis. Catheter-directed aspiration embolectomy with the Penumbra Indigo System for ALI following an iatrogenic embolic event is a safe, less-invasive treatment option. The use of this technology may reduce the need for traditional open thrombectomy or thrombolytic therapy to address ALI.
Complete Remission in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma Treated with Extensive Surgery
Authors: Claudia Arnas-Leon, Víctor Sánchez, Ana D Santana Suárez, Sara Quintana Arroyo, Carmen Acosta, Francisco Javier Martinez Martin
Journal: Cureus (2016)
Keywords: catecholamines, extensive surgery, malignant pheochromocytoma, metanephrines, metastatic pheochromocytoma, normetanephrines, pheochromocytoma
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Malignant pheochromocytoma is defined as the presence of metastatic spread in tissues where chromaffin cells are not usually present. This case report describes the case of a relapsed malignant pheochromocytoma, spread to the right liver lobe, superior pole of the right kidney, posterior right hemidiaphragm, right hemidiaphragmatic pillar, inferior vena cava, and regional lymph nodes. After evaluation, an extensive surgery was performed, with resection of all the affected tissues and regional lymphadenectomy. No adjuvant treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) was given. Complete clinical, biochemical, and radiological remission was achieved, with normalisation of metanephrine and normetanephrine. To date, six years after surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic and normotensive without taking any antihypertensive medication. We conclude that the therapeutic approach should be individualized in the case of metastatic pheochromocytoma. Extensive surgery can be considered as a treatment option, even in the case of multiple metastases, as it may be able to achieve complete remission of the disease, avoiding costly and potentially dangerous adjuvant therapies.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Trapezium: Case Report of an Unusual Tumor Location Presenting a Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: S E Roberts, M N Mirzabeigi, A Naik, C Preciado, B Chang
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor, which represents approximately 10% of all benign bone tumors. When localized to the carpus, osteoid osteomas are most often seen in the scaphoid and capitate. Rarely, these tumors can also be observed in the trapezium. Given the infrequency with which osteomas are located in the trapezium and often nonspecific presenting symptoms, diagnosis of this tumor can be challenging and requires a high index of suspicion.
Intraosseous Lipoma Mimicking Periapical Lesion: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Abhishek Bannerjee, Snehashish Ghosh, Moumalini Das, Patrick Wang, Saranya Ramsridhar, Shankargouda Patil
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Lipoma is one of the benign soft-tissue tumors in the adipose tissue. Oral lipomas comprise 1%-5% of benign oral tumors. They are slow-growing, soft, asymptomatic, solitary tumors. In this case report, a 45-year-old female patient having swelling on the upper right arch for 2 months has been reported. Clinically, the right upper second premolar and first molar were grossly carious, with diffuse swelling on the adjacent vestibule. A provisional diagnosis of the periapical abscess was rendered. Radiological evaluation and routine blood tests were performed. After the tissue was obtained, following teeth extraction and socket curettage, it was sent for histopathological evaluation, and findings suggested intraoral intraosseous lipoma. Clinically, they are asymptomatic, and therefore, if it was not curetted and histopathologic evaluation not done, and only thought to be just a swelling or a periapical abscess, proper treatment could not have been established. This paper will surely bring out the importance of histopathology in routine dentistry and the role of histopathological evaluation of periapical soft tissues.
The Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for a Case of Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Plan Comparison between Three Modern Techniques and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Mariella Cozzolino, Caterina Oliviero, Barbara D'Andrea, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Giorgia Califano, Rocchina Caivano, Antonella Bianculli, Vincenzo Fusco
Journal: Case Rep Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 65-year-old woman, affected by a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma) of the left breast, presented to our department to receive the postoperative radiotherapy. In the absence of prospective and randomized trials and investigations on breast sarcoma irradiation in literature, due to the rarity of this pathology, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy remains unclear. To identify the best radiotherapy technique for this patient, three methods were compared: 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) or RapidArc® (RA). 50 Gy was prescribed to the chest wall and 66 Gy to the tumor bed. Three plans were designed, and target coverage, organs-at-risk sparing, and treatment efficiency were compared. IMRT and RA improved both target coverage and dose uniformity/homogeneity. Planning objective for the lung is always satisfied comparing the different techniques, but the volume receiving 20 Gy drops to 17% by RA compared to 3D-CRT. The heart volume receiving 30 Gy was 10% by IMRT, against 13% and 16% by RA and 3D-CRT. The monitor unit (MU) required by 3D-CRT was 527 MU, followed by RA and IMRT. Treatment time was similar with 3D-CRT and RA but doubled using IMRT. Although all three radiotherapy techniques offered a satisfactory solution, RA and IMRT offer some improvement on target coverage, dose homogeneity, and conformity for this particular case of breast sarcoma.
Hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to stroke and pancreatitis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mingyu Zhang, Taoyuan Yin, Feng Xia, Suhong Xia, Wangdong Zhou, Yu Zhang, Xu Han, Kai Zhao, Lina Feng, Ruonan Dong, Dean Tian, Yan Yu, Jiazhi Liao
Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2022)
Keywords: blood purification, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic disorders, pancreatitis, stroke
MeSH terms: Hyperlipidemias / complications, Hypertriglyceridemia / complications, Hypertriglyceridemia / therapy, Pancreatitis / complications, Pancreatitis / therapy, Stroke / complications, Stroke / therapy, Review, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Acute Disease, Adult, Female, Humans, Triglycerides, Triglycerides

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common clinical dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, stroke and acute pancreatitis co-occurrence due to hypertriglyceridemia are extremely rare. We present a case of hypertriglyceridemia-associated stroke and pancreatitis in a 39-year-old woman. The patient's laboratory tests reported high triglyceride concentrations beyond the instrument's detection range, and radiological examination showed typical signs of cerebral infarction and acute pancreatitis. The patient received combined blood purification therapy, intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase, and conservative treatment of pancreatitis. We discuss the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertriglyceridemic stroke and pancreatitis combined with the relevant literature. We reviewed the mechanisms by which triglycerides contribute to atherosclerosis and acute pancreatitis. We point out the superiority of combined blood purification therapy and caution physicians about the effects of prescribed drugs on blood lipids.
Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis: a rare cause of neonatal nasal airway obstruction
Authors: A Rao, S M Godehal, A R Patil, G Mallarajapatna, S Nandikoor, M Hariharan
Journal: BJR Case Rep (2015)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of nasal airway obstruction that clinically mimics choanal atresia in a neonate. The differentiation between the two is very important as the management of the two conditions is different. Timely recognition is important to prevent fatal outcome. CNPAS may present as an isolated condition or with associated craniofacial anomalies. Despite typical findings of CNPAS being present on cross-sectional imaging, this condition is commonly overlooked, probably because of a lack of familiarity with the normal morphological features of the nasal cavity in infants and also owing to a lack of awareness of this rare entity. Here we report a case of CNPAS with pre- and post-surgical CT images and the complication that occurred owing to nasal stenting.
Case Report: Triple Primary Malignant Tumors of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Colon in a Patient With Genetic Analysis
Authors: Xiaoli Zhan, Lingzhe He, Kai Song, Shuliang Cao, Erhong Meng, Yuedong Wang
Journal: Front Genet (2021)
Keywords: colon cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, genetics, multiple primary malignant tumors
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The incidence of multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) has increased greatly with the progress of tumor diagnosis and therapy technology. However, triple primary cancer is still very rare, and its genetic change is not clear yet. This case report described a 70-year-old Chinese male patient with triple primary cancers of the esophagus, stomach and right-sided colon. Pathological examination confirmed that each malignant tumor developed independently. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a 599-gene panel revealed five TP53 mutations in three tumor tissues. These variations might contribute to development of the triple primary malignant tumors in the patient. The patient underwent laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy and postoperative radiotherapy for synchronous esophageal and gastric carcinomas. Then, he underwent laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic cancer and lysis of abdominal adhesions. By the time of submitting this manuscript, the patient had been well and no sign of recurrence or metastasis had been observed. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first one to clarify the genetic abnormalities of triple primary cancers of esophagus, stomach and colon in a Chinese patient. It may contribute to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of multiple primary digestive malignancies and providing valuable treatment strategies for the similar patients in the future.
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: Report of Two Cases and Brief Review
Authors: Oreoluwa Oladiran, Ifeanyi Nwosu, Rashmi Dhital, Gbujie Ezioma
Journal: Case Rep Cardiol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac defect characterized by the presence of four aortic valve leaflets of equal or varying sizes. Even rarer is its clinical presentation with aortic stenosis. Diagnosis of QAV could be challenging but is of great importance as patients often present with progressive aortic regurgitation. We present 2 cases of QAV presenting differently: one with aortic stenosis requiring valve replacement and the other with aortic regurgitation requiring close monitoring.
Recurrent Epileptic Auras As a Presenting Symptom of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rani A Sarkis, Kim C Willment, Seth A Gale, Barbara A Dworetzky
Journal: Front Neurol (2017)
Keywords: alzheimer’s, aura, elderly, epilepsy, seizure semiology
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Seizures are a common co-morbidity during the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a subset of patients may be one of the presenting symptoms. In this case series, we highlight three patients with recurrent medically refractory epileptic auras whose work up ultimately lead to the diagnosis of AD. All three patients underwent prolonged EEG, serial neuropsychological testing, FDG-PET, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and MRI. CSF biomarkers were particularly helpful in two cases. These cases highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion for AD in new onset "idiopathic" epilepsy in the elderly.
Congenital absence of left circumflex artery detected by computed tomography coronary angiography: a case report
Authors: Keerati Hongsakul, Ruedeekorn Suwannanon
Journal: Case Rep Vasc Med (2012)

The congenital absence of the left circumflex artery (LCx) is a very rare congenital anomaly of coronary arteries, but it is benign. Currently, the best modality for the diagnosis of coronary anomalies is computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). We report a case of congenitally absent LCx with an atypical chest pain.
Combined posterior and anterior approaches for cervical intradural disc herniation: A case report
Authors: Yu-Hsiang Lin, Der-Cherng Chen, Chao-Hsuan Chen, Hsiang-Ming Huang, Der-Yang Cho
Journal: Biomedicine (Taipei) (2021)
Keywords: cervical spine, disc herniation, intradural disc
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Intradural disc herniation (IDH) is an extremely rare condition. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old female who had neck and right shoulder pain associated with right-sided hemiparesis and hyperesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine (C-spine) revealed central mass-like lesions that caused the; compression of the right side of the spinal cord. The posterior surgical approach was used to remove two pieces of IDH. After surgery, the muscle strength in the right upper limb improved from Grade 0/5 to 4+/5 without surgery-related complications. Although there are some reports in literature on the radiologic features of cervical IDH (including the Halo sign, Y-sign, hawk-beak sign, and crumble disc sign), it can be difficult to diagnose radiologically. We present the clinical image of the case along with a review of the literature to remind surgeons to consider IDH as a differential diagnosis when patients are affected by anterior intradural lesions.
Autoimmune haematological disorders in two Italian children with Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Paola Giordano, Giuseppe Lassandro, Maria Sangerardi, Maria Felicia Faienza, Federica Valente, Baldassarre Martire
Journal: Ital J Pediatr (2014)
MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Multiple / diagnosis, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / diagnosis, Face / abnormalities, Genetic Testing / methods, Hematologic Diseases / diagnosis, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use, Prednisolone / therapeutic use, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / diagnosis, Vestibular Diseases / diagnosis, Case Reports, Abnormalities, Multiple / drug therapy, Abnormalities, Multiple / genetics, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / drug therapy, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / genetics, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Child, DNA / analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use, Hematologic Diseases / drug therapy, Hematologic Diseases / genetics, Humans, Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use, Male, Neoplasm Proteins / genetics, Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / drug therapy, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / genetics, Vestibular Diseases / drug therapy, Vestibular Diseases / genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins, Glucocorticoids, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Immunologic Factors, KMT2D protein, human, Neoplasm Proteins, DNA, Prednisolone, Kabuki syndrome

Kabuki syndrome (also called Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare genetic disease described for the first time in Japan, characterised by anomalies in multiple organ systems and often associated with autoimmune disorders and impaired immune response. We herein report the clinical history, the therapeutic approach and the outcome of two children with Kabuki syndrome who developed autoimmune haematological disorders (haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia). Factors regarding differential diagnosis and interventions in better management of this syndrome and its complications are discussed. This is the first report of Italian children with autoimmune haematological disorders complicating Kabuki syndrome.
Case report: Application of non-VKA oral anticoagulants in patient of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with intracardiac thrombus
Authors: Man Zou, Geyan Liu, Yanhui Li
Journal: Front Pharmacol (2022)
Keywords: case report, heart failure, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, intracardiac thrombus, non-vka oral anticoagulants, shortness of breath
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a rare but life-threatening disease related to a group of myeloproliferative disorders characterized by prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and inflammatory damage to multiple organs. Here, we present a 44-year-old female patient complaining of shortness of breath and palpitations for 1 month. Her history and presentation were unremarkable, except for a 3-years history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with ibuprofen (0.3 g per day). Initial examination showed heart rate (HR) 120 bpm, respiratory rate (RR) 20 bpm, temperature (T) 36°C, blood pressure (BP) 130/70 mmHg, ventricular gallop rhythm, rales at the lung bases, soft abdomen, nonpalpable liver and spleen, and slight edema in both lower extremities. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of IHES, while cardiac MRI showed intracardiac thrombus. The symptoms of shortness of breath and palpitation disappeared, the eosinophil counts in routine blood tests were normal, and the thrombus in the cardiac cavity gradually disappeared after combined therapy of anti-hypereosinophilic, anti-coagulant and anti-heart failure treatments.