OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Traumatic anterior hip dislocation with associated bilateral femoral fractures in a child: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zongbing Cao, Dong Zhu, Chen Li, Yan-Hui Li, Lei Tan
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2019)
Keywords: anterior dislocation, child, femoral fracture, hip
MeSH terms: Femoral Fractures / surgery, Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods, Hip Dislocation / surgery, Case Reports, Review, Bone Plates, Bone Screws, Child, Femoral Fractures / diagnostic imaging, Femur Head Necrosis / etiology, Femur Head Necrosis / pathology, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Dislocation / diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Recovery of Function, Time Factors

Traumatic anterior hip dislocation is rare, because the hip joint is a highly stable joint. It is extremely rare for the anterior hip dislocation with combined bilateral femoral fracture in children. We present a case of 7-year-old boy with traumatic anterior hip dislocation with associated bilateral femoral fractures. Radiographic examination showed the right femoral head was dislocated anteroinferiorly. The ipsilateral femoral shaft showed a transverse femoral shaft fracture and proximal and distal femoral bifocal fractures of the contralateral femur. The dislocation of the right hip was reduced 10 hours after the injury in local hospital. One week later, the right femoral shaft fracture and left proximal femoral fracture were open reduced and internally fixed with plate and screws and the distal left femoral fracture was closed reduced and fixed with Kirschner wires. Postoperatively, active hip flexion and extension to recover hip and knee movement were then permitted but without weight bearing for 3 months. Radiographs at 3 months, at 6 months showed the fractures healed well and hardware were removed respectively. However, irregularities of the femoral head meaned avascular necrosis of the femoral head. This case stresses the importance of a rapid evaluation and treatment for the dislocation of the hip, providing a stable reduction and a firm internal fixation of the associated fractures.
Upadacitinib-induced paradoxical face and scalp dermatitis: A case report of a novel sequela
Authors: Elena Pastukhova, Alison Spurr, Quentin Nakonechny, Jennifer Lipson
Journal: SAGE Open Med Case Rep (2023)
Keywords: janus kinase inhibitor, upadacitinib, adverse events, dermatitis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory cutaneous condition that can carry significant morbidity. Severe or recalcitrant atopic dermatitis is often treated with immunosuppressants, biologics, or immune-modulating small molecule therapies. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway is highly implicated in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, and agents that inhibit Janus kinase signalling are new to the atopic dermatitis landscape. Upadacitinib is a JAK1 inhibitor that has a good safety and efficacy profile and is increasingly being prescribed for atopic dermatitis. We report a case of a 35-year-old male with extensive atopic dermatitis that initially improved significantly on upadacitinib, then after 6 months developed a severe crusted dermatitic eruption on the head favouring a seborrheic distribution. While the pathogenesis of this paradoxical reaction is unclear, this phenomenon may involve a shift to a more Th1/Th17-mediated immune response.
Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary premolars: Clinicoradiographic report of five cases
Authors: Renu Tanwar, Vipul Jaitly, Aadya Sharma, Rashmi Heralgi, Munish Ghangas, Ankur Bhagat
Journal: J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects (2017)
Keywords: para-premolars, supernumerary teeth, supplemental teeth
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth in both arches without any syndromic manifestation are extremely rare. Supernumerary teeth are commonly associated with Gardner's syndrome, cleft lip and palate, cleidocranial dysplasia and trichorhinopha-langeal syndrome. Five cases of non-syndromic multiple premolars of maxillary and mandibular arches in Indian patients are presented here. This case series reports three cases with multiple (9 in maximum), bilaterally impacted and erupted supernumerary teeth and two cases with supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic cases from Indian patients. Supernumerary teeth can be present in any region of the oral cavity. Although the occurrence of maxillary para-premolars is rare, radio-logical investigations play a major and decisive role in determining the management of such cases.
Case report: Unique FLT4 variants associated with differential response to anlotinib in angiosarcoma
Authors: Yuanyuan Gu, Jing Meng, Yongzhi Ju, Xia You, Tingting Sun, Jun Lu, Yin Guan
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: flt4, anlotinib, cutaneous angiosarcomas, soft tissue sarcomas, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vegfr)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare, clinically aggressive tumor with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Mutations involving the angiogenesis-related genesTP53, PTPRB, PLCG1, KDR as well as FLT4 amplification have been observed in AS. There is a potential therapeutic value of inhibition of the VEGF pathway against angiosarcoma. Our case first described a patient with two sites of cutaneous angiosarcomas (cASs) that responded differently to anlotinib. And genetic analysis revealed that those two sites had different FLT4 variants, suggesting that FLT4 amplification could be the cause of anlotinib non-response.
Case report: A Chinese patient with spinocerebellar ataxia finally confirmed as Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome with P102L mutation
Authors: Lin Chen, Yin Xu, Ming-Juan Fang, Yong-Guang Shi, Jie Zhang, Liang-Liang Zhang, Yu Wang, Yong-Zhu Han, Ji-Yuan Hu, Ren-Min Yang, Xu-En Yu
Journal: Front Neurol (2023)
Keywords: gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome, p102l, prnp gene, prion disease, spinocerebellar ataxia (sca)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a rare genetic prion disease caused by a mutation in the prion protein (PRNP) gene. It is typically characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and slowly progressive dementia. We present a case study of the GSS from China in which a 45-year-old male with a progressive gait and balance disorder developed cerebellar ataxia onset but was misdiagnosed as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) for 2 years. The patient's clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological data were retrospectively analyzed. Examination revealed ataxia, dysarthria, muscle weakness, areflexia in lower limbs, including a pyramidal sign, whereas cognitive decline was insignificant. His late mother had a similar unsteady gait. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed normal findings, and 14-3-3 protein was negative. A brain MRI was performed for global brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) (18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, FDG) images showed mild to moderate decreased glucose metabolism in the left superior parietal lobe and left middle temporal lobe. According to genetic testing, his younger brother also had the P102L variant in the PRNP gene. This single case adds to the clinical and genetic phenotypes of GSS.
A rare variation of hydranencephaly: case report
Authors: Buddhika Tb Wijerathne, Geetha K Rathnayake, Sisira K Ranaraja
Journal: F1000Res (2012)

Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by the absence and replacement of the cerebral hemispheres with cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we present an ultrasonographic diagnosis of a case of a rare variant of fetal hydranencephaly at 38 weeks of gestation. Obstetric sonography revealed the absence of the cerebral cortex, thalami and basal ganglia with a disrupted falx and preserved posterior fossa structures. This is the first reported case of hydranencephaly with the absence of the thalami and basal ganglia, which was diagnosed prenatally. The diagnosis was confirmed with postnatal computed tomography. The early prenatal diagnosis allowed for prompt obstetric attention at a tertiary care hospital which had specialized pediatric facilities including prenatal counseling and support.
Massive Right Atrial Thrombosis: Are You Brave Enough to Start Anticoagulation? A Case Report
Authors: Marco Bergonti, Ciro Ascione, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Roberto Castelli, Carlo Vignati
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2021)
Keywords: cardio-oncology, coagulation, pulmonary thromboembolism, right atrial thrombosis, right atrium mass, thrombus
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. The disease is generally characterized by blood monocytosis, bone marrow dysplasia, cytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. While malignant blood diseases are frequently associated with a high risk of thromboembolism, CMML is often accompanied by immune-mediated hemorrhagic diathesis. Indeed, very few reports in literature report thrombotic complications of CMML patients. We will briefly present here the case of a patient with CMML who developed a massive right atrial thrombus. We aim to highlight the non-negligible thrombotic burden of the disease, and we will get through the differential diagnosis of right atrial masses and the management of right atrial thrombi, which are a rare and poorly known entity.
Intravenous Administration of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Herpes Zoster-Associated Pain: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Yao Liu, Mi Wang, Miao-Miao Xiong, Xue-Guang Zhang, Ming Fang
Journal: Pain Res Manag (2020)
MeSH terms: Ascorbic Acid / administration & dosage, Herpes Zoster / drug therapy, Neuralgia, Postherpetic / drug therapy, Case Reports, Review, Administration, Intravenous, Aged, Female, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Ascorbic Acid

Background:
Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute inflammatory neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. It is estimated that the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia following HZ is 10-20%. The leading risk factors of the prognosis are aging and immunity dysfunction. Vitamin C plays a pivoted role in enhancing white blood cell function. Epidemiological evidence and clinical studies have indicated an association between pain and suboptimal vitamin C status. At present, vitamin C has been used as an additional option in the treatment of HZ-associated pain. Despite the current controversy, case reports and randomized controlled studies have indicated that both acute- and postherpetic neuralgia can be dramatically alleviated following intravenous vitamin C infusions. Case Presentation. Two patients (male aged 72 and female 78 years) with HZ did not respond well to antiviral therapy and analgesics. Skin lesions in the right groin and front thigh healed after early antiviral therapy, but the outbreak of pain persisted in the male patient. The female patient presented to our clinic with clusters of rashes in the right forehead with severe edema of her right upper eyelid. Because nerve blockade could not be conducted for both patients, intravenous infusion of vitamin C was applied and resulted in an immediate remission of the breakthrough pain in the male patient and cutaneous lesions in the female patient.
Conclusions:
The use of vitamin C appears to be an emerging treatment alternative for attenuating HZ and PHN pain. Hence, we recommend the addition of concomitant use of intravenously administered vitamin C into therapeutic strategies in the treatment of HZ-associated pain, especially for therapy-resistant cases. Furthermore, animal studies are required to determine analgesic mechanisms of vitamin C, and more randomized clinical trials are essential to further determine the optimal dose and timing of administration of vitamin C.
Therapeutic difficulties in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and numerous symptomatic premature ventricular contractions-case report and literature review
Authors: Grzegorz Sławiński, Elżbieta Wabich, Maja Hawryszko, Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, Philippe Chevalier
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2023)
Keywords: ehlers danlos syndrome, ablation, arrhythmia, flecainide, pharmacotherapy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 28-year-old female patient diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III (hypermobile EDS, hEDS) was admitted to the cardiology clinic due to a 3-year history of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia in the form of multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Attempts at antiarrhythmic treatment with beta-blockers, propafenone, and verapamil were unsuccessful. Due to the diagnosis of hEDS and the high risk of vascular complications related to the ablation procedure, invasive treatment was abandoned, and it was decided to implement flecainide. After the flecainide treatment initiation, a spectacular improvement in the number of ventricular arrhythmias was observed, along with the disappearance of the complaints previously reported by the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of spectacular flecainide antiarrhythmic effect in a patient with numerous PVCs also diagnosed with EDS. Flecainide treatment in the EDS group could be a successful alternative to ablation, which can lead to serious vascular and even life-threatening complications, especially after the failure of propafenone and beta-blockers treatment.
Polycythaemia Secondary to Hormone Replacement Therapy with Tibolone
Authors: Laura Staples, Tamara Milder, Philip Young-Ill Choi
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present the case report of a patient with severe polycythaemia associated with tibolone. In our 65-year-old postmenopausal patient who initially presented with haemoglobin 203 g/L [115-160] and haematocrit 0.63 [0.32-0.47], the cessation of tibolone, a synthetic hormone replacement therapy, led to a dramatic and sustained resolution of this patient's polycythaemia to normal haematological values. Tibolone possesses oestrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic properties. Tibolone therapy may be an infrequently recognized contributor towards polycythaemia in postmenopausal patients presenting to haematology clinics.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection in COVID-19: A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Chaitanya Pal, Paulina Przydzial, Ogechukwu Chika-Nwosuh, Shrey Shah, Pratik Patel, Nikhil Madan
Journal: Case Rep Pulmonol (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Bacterial coinfections are not uncommon with respiratory viral pathogens. These coinfections can add to significant mortality and morbidity. We are currently dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has affected over 15 million people globally with over half a million deaths. Previous respiratory viral pandemics have taught us that bacterial coinfections can lead to higher mortality and morbidity. However, there is limited literature on the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated coinfections, which reported infection rates varying between 1% and 8% based on various cross-sectional studies. In one meta-analysis of coinfections in COVID-19, rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfections have been negligible when compared to previous influenza pandemics. Current literature does not favor the use of empiric, broad-spectrum antibiotics in confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. We present three cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections complicated by Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection. These cases demonstrate the importance of concomitant testing for common pathogens despite the need for antimicrobial stewardship.
Suggestive Diagnostic Process in a Case of Multiple Myeloma with Gastrointestinal Immunoglobulin Light-Chain Amyloidosis Accompanied by Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Authors: Katsuya Endo, Takehito Ito, Jun Nomura, Keigo Murakami, Shiho Kondo, Tomonori Satoh, Daisuke Fukushi, Yuki Yoshino, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Atsuko Takasu, Takayuki Kogure, Morihisa Hirota, Takayoshi Meguro, Kazuhiro Murakami, Junichi Kameoka, Kennichi Satoh
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell neoplasm that produces monoclonal immunoglobulin. Multiple myeloma is known to cause immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, which frequently involves the kidney and heart. Bone pain or fractures caused by osteolytic lesions and physical disorders related to renal or cardiac AL amyloidosis are major initial symptoms in multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma diagnosed from the gastrointestinal symptoms is rare. We report a case of an 80-year-old man with multiple myeloma accompanied by gastrointestinal AL amyloidosis and secondary protein-losing enteropathy. The diagnostic process was suggestive, in that diarrhea and refractory leg edema related to protein-losing enteropathy were the primary symptoms and the trigger for making a sequential diagnosis of gastrointestinal AL amyloidosis and underlying multiple myeloma. This case is highly suggestive, in that multiple myeloma with gastrointestinal AL amyloidosis should be considered one of the background diseases of protein-losing enteropathy.
Postpartum Pulmonary Hypertension Masquerading as Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Mahmood Mubasher, Amir Hanafi, Tausif Syed, Abir Zinal, Ibrahim Y Abubeker, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Mohan Rao, Ryan Hoefen, Mohammed Danjuma
Journal: Case Rep Pulmonol (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Postpartum pulmonary hypertension (PPPHT) is an extremely rare disorder, with few reported cases. Late diagnosis and treatment are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present an 18-year-old female patient who presented four-week postpartum with a typical submissive pulmonary embolism picture subsequently diagnosed as postpartum pulmonary hypertension. The patient had an excellent response to treatment, with a dramatic improvement in her functional status. The authors aim to urge physicians to keep this rare disorder in mind as timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for management-additionally, the importance of counseling patients about the imminent risks associated with planned future pregnancies.
Amiodarone: A Newly Discovered Association with Bilateral Vestibulopathy
Authors: Robert Gürkov
Journal: Front Neurol (2018)
Keywords: adverse drug reactions, head impulse test, inner ear, ototoxicity, vertigo
MeSH terms: Review

Background:
Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) is a debilitating disorder characterized by the hypofunction of both vestibular end organs or nerves. The most frequent identifiable causes of BVP are ototoxic drug effects, infectious and autoimmune disorders. However, the majority of cases remain idiopathic. Very recently, the first discovery of a clinical case of Amiodarone-associated BVP has been reported.
Methods:
An overview of the literature concerning the relation between amiodarone toxicity and BVP is presented and discussed.
Results:
Older reports on amiodarone-induced symptoms of vertigo and gait instability lack a description of vestibular function test results. Recent evidence from retrospective studies including vestibular function testing in patients taking amiodarone have identified the drug as the hitherto unsuspected potential cause of a relatively large proportion of cases with "idiopathic" BVP.
Conclusion:
Patients who receive amiodarone should be monitored with vestibular function testing in order to recognize potential adverse effects on the vestibular system and allow for an informed decision on possible drug reduction or withdrawal.
Case Report: Renal potassium wasting in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Holly Mabillard, Hilary Tedd, Ally Speight, Christopher Duncan, David A Price, John A Sayer
Journal: F1000Res (2020)
Keywords: covid-19, hypokalaemia, potassium, tubulopathy
MeSH terms: COVID-19 / physiopathology, Kidney / physiopathology, Kidney Diseases / virology, Potassium Deficiency / virology, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Humans, Potassium, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Potassium

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with many potentially fatal complications. Renal involvement in various forms is common in addition to serum electrolyte disturbances. Early reports suggest that hypokalaemia may frequent those with SARS-CoV-2 infection and various aetiological factors may cause this electrolyte disturbance. A Chinese retrospective study has demonstrated renal potassium wasting in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, however, it is not known if these patients were receiving diuretic therapy which may be a contributing factor. This case report illustrates an example of renal potassium wasting in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of diuretics and extra-renal mechanisms with important lessons learned.
Genome-Wide Constitutively Expressed Gene Analysis and New Reference Gene Selection Based on Transcriptome Data: A Case Study from Poplar/Canker Disease Interaction
Authors: Jiaping Zhao, Fan Yang, Jinxia Feng, Yanli Wang, Barbara Lachenbruch, Jiange Wang, Xianchong Wan
Journal: Front Plant Sci (2017)
Keywords: botryosphaeria dothidea, differential expression, expression stability, high-throughput sequencing, house-keeping gene, integrate analysis, internal control, poplar

A number of transcriptome datasets for differential expression (DE) genes have been widely used for understanding organismal biology, but these datasets also contain untapped information that can be used to develop more precise analytical tools. With the use of transcriptome data generated from poplar/canker disease interaction system, we describe a methodology to identify candidate reference genes from high-throughput sequencing data. This methodology will improve the accuracy of RT-qPCR and will lead to better standards for the normalization of expression data. Expression stability analysis from xylem and phloem of Populus bejingensis inoculated with the fungal canker pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea revealed that 729 poplar transcripts (1.11%) were stably expressed, at a threshold level of coefficient of variance (CV) of FPKM < 20% and maximum fold change (MFC) of FPKM < 2.0. Expression stability and bioinformatics analysis suggested that commonly used house-keeping (HK) genes were not the most appropriate internal controls: 70 of the 72 commonly used HK genes were not stably expressed, 45 of the 72 produced multiple isoform transcripts, and some of their reported primers produced unspecific amplicons in PCR amplification. RT-qPCR analysis to compare and evaluate the expression stability of 10 commonly used poplar HK genes and 20 of the 729 newly-identified stably expressed transcripts showed that some of the newly-identified genes (such as SSU_S8e, LSU_L5e, and 20S_PSU) had higher stability ranking than most of commonly used HK genes. Based on these results, we recommend a pipeline for deriving reference genes from transcriptome data. An appropriate candidate gene should have a unique transcript, constitutive expression, CV value of expression < 20% (or possibly 30%) and MFC value of expression <2, and an expression level of 50-1,000 units. Lastly, when four of the newly identified HK genes were used in the normalization of expression data for 20 differential expressed genes, expression analysis gave similar values to Cufflinks output. The methods described here provide an alternative pathway for the normalization of transcriptome data, a process that is essential for integrating analyses of transcriptome data across environments, laboratories, sequencing platforms, and species.