OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery resulting from mismanagement of a pathological femur fracture due to chronic osteomyelitis: a case report
Authors: Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka, Phillip Mulepo
Journal: J Med Case Rep (2013)

Introduction:
Mycotic aneurysms are rarely listed among the possible complications of osteomyelitis of the long bones. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of chronic osteomyelitis associated with a pathological fracture of the femur and a mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery.
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 13-year-old Ugandan boy who was referred to our hospital with chronic osteomyelitis associated with a pathological fracture of the right femur and a mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery. He underwent a successful above-knee amputation and is currently undergoing rehabilitation.
Conclusions:
Aneurysms associated with chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones are very rare. However, in Africa, where people often still believe in crude traditional remedies, they should be considered among the possible diagnoses especially where acute injuries of the limbs are massaged and manipulated.
Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with AA amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Mouna Maamar, Zoubida Tazi-Mezalek, Hicham Harmouche, Zitouna El Hamany, Mohammed Adnaoui, Mohammed Aouni
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2012)
Keywords: churg-strauss syndrome, amyloidosis, purpura, vasculitis
MeSH terms: Amyloidosis / complications, Churg-Strauss Syndrome / complications, Serum Amyloid A Protein, Case Reports, Aged, Female, Humans, Serum Amyloid A Protein

Churg Strauss syndrome is a rare systemic and pulmonary vasculitis exceptionally associated with AA amyloidosis. We report the case of a 65-year old woman with past medical history of asthma. She developed polyarthralgia, headache and purpura. A laboratory workout found hypereosinophilia (1150/µL), positive p-ANCA, microscopic haematuria and proteinuria at 2g/day. A diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was established based on five criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Renal biopsy showed an important type AA amyloid deposit. The patient was treated with steroids with a good response of the vasculitis and amyloidosis with disappearance of the proteinuria.
Bevacizumab for macular serous neuroretinal detachment in tilted disk syndrome
Authors: Paolo Milani, Alfredo Pece, Luisa Pierro, Patrizio Seidenari, Paolo Radice, Antonio Scialdone
Journal: J Ophthalmol (2010)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background. Tilted disc syndrome (TDS) is a congenital anomaly characterized by "tilting" of the optic disc tipycally associated with myopic astigmatism, visual field defect, inferior staphyloma, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Associated complications such as macular serous neuroretinal detachment are well described; however, ideal therapy for such complication is unknown. Methods. One interventional case report is hereby described. A patient affected by macular serous neuroretinal detachment-complicated tilted disk syndrome underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography were taken at baseline and at scheduled visits. Two intravitreal treatments of bevacizumab (avastin, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL) were performed at monthly interval. Results. At scheduled visit, one month after the second injection, OCT depicted persistence of neuroretinal detachment. Best-corrected visual acuity remain stable as well as metamorphopsia and functional discomfort. Conclusion. Clinical evidence of this brief interventional case report indicates that one patient affected by recent serous macular detachment-complicated TDS did not benefit from 2 consecutive monthly intravitreal Avastin treatments. Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable over a total observation period of 6 months.
Müllerian serous cystadenoma of the scrotum following orchiopexy
Authors: Sebastian C J van der Putte, Johan Toonstra, Daisy M D S Sie-Go
Journal: Adv Urol (2009)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 24-year-old man presented himself with a nodular lesion of about 1 cm diameter at the site of a previous orchiopexy associated with surgery for cryptorchism. Histopathology revealed the lesion to be adenomatous and confined to the scrotum. Histological and immunohistological features were not consistent neither with median raphe cysts or cutaneous adenomas nor with the intrascrotal adenomas of the rete testis, epididymis, nor with (malignant) mesotheliomas. However, the lesion did compare well with serous (papillary) cystadenomas of the testis or paratestis. These adenomas are thought to originate in remnants of the Müllerian system or of peritoneal lining altered by Müllerian metaplasia. This implies that the scrotal adenoma may have developed from an implant of such elements during orchiopexy 14 years ago. Complete excision of the lesion appears to be an adequate therapy.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Paranasal Sinus Mass: The Importance of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Massimo Ralli, Giancarlo Altissimi, Rosaria Turchetta, Mario Rigante
Journal: Case Rep Otolaryngol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Metastases in the paranasal sinuses are rare; renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer that metastasizes to this region. We present the case of a patient with a 4-month history of a rapidly growing mass of the nasal pyramid following a nasal trauma, associated with spontaneous epistaxis and multiple episodes of hematuria. Cranial CT scan and MRI showed an ethmoid mass extending to the choanal region, the right orbit, and the right frontal sinus with an initial intracranial extension. Patient underwent surgery with a trans-sinusal frontal approach using a bicoronal incision combined with an anterior midfacial degloving; histological exam was compatible with a metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Following histological findings, a total body CT scan showed a solitary 6 cm mass in the upper posterior pole of the left kidney identified as the primary tumor. Although rare, metastatic renal cell carcinoma should always be suspected in patients with nasal or paranasal masses, especially if associated with symptoms suggestive of a systemic involvement such as hematuria. A correct early-stage diagnosis of metastatic RCC can considerably improve survival rate in these patients; preoperative differential diagnosis with contrast-enhanced imaging is fundamental for the correct treatment and follow-up strategy.
Management of a traumatic flap dislocation seven years after LASIK
Authors: Majid Moshirfar, Erik Anderson, Nathan Taylor, Maylon Hsu
Journal: Case Rep Ophthalmol Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Seven years after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), a 48-year-old woman presented one week after being hit with an iron cord with blurry vision, pain, and irritation. The injury resulted in traumatic flap dislocation, epithelial ingrowth, and macrostriae. Following epithelial removal, the flap was refloated and repositioned. Nine interrupted sutures were used to secure the flap. Three-weeks after surgery with no sutures remaining, the epithelial ingrowth and macrostriae had resolved with a visual acuity of 20/20.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Functioning Among Regular Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Users: A Case Series
Authors: Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, Darshan Singh
Journal: Front Pharmacol (2021)
Keywords: cardiovascular functioning, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, regular kratom use, serum mitragynine

Multiorgan toxicities have been extensively reported in kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) users in Western countries but not in Southeast Asia. Existing literature argued that this discrepancy may be due to underreporting of kratom-related toxicity cases in Southeast Asia. Hence, this case series filled the research gap by clinically assessing the cardiovascular functioning and serum mitragynine level of regular kratom users in its traditional settings in Malaysia. Nine regular kratom users without history of polysubstance use were recruited from the same community via snowball sampling and were subjected to electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram assessments. Serum mitragynine analysis was also performed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The mean serum mitragynine level was 10.3 mg/L (SD = 6.9) and ranged from 2.5 mg/L to 22.4 mg/L. Those who consumed an average daily quantity of four or more glasses of brewed kratom juice (p = 0.045) and those who had prolonged QTc intervals (p = 0.017) had significantly higher serum mitragynine level. Echocardiographic findings of all the respondents were normal except one reported left ventricular hypertrophy and another had trivial tricuspid regurgitation with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 10 + 5 mmHg. Regular kratom use without concomitant use of other illicit substances may not provoke any risk of cardiovascular impairment or toxicity except for prolonged QTc interval, which appeared to be dose dependent. However, as this study was limited by a small sample size, future studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings.
A case report of vanishing bile duct syndrome after exposure to pexidartinib (PLX3397) and paclitaxel
Authors: Sorbarikor Piawah, Colby Hyland, Sarah E Umetsu, Laura J Esserman, Hope S Rugo, A Jo Chien
Journal: NPJ Breast Cancer (2019)
Keywords: breast cancer, drug development
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase and colony-stimulating factor-1 inhibitor with FDA breakthrough therapy designation for tenosynovial giant-cell tumor, and currently under study in several other tumor types, including breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and glioblastoma. Here, we report a case of severe drug-induced liver injury requiring liver transplantation due to vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after exposure to pexidartinib in the I-SPY 2 Trial, a phase 2 multicenter randomized neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial in patients with Stage II-III breast cancer. We also review the current literature on this rare, idiosyncratic, and potentially life-threatening entity.
Case Report: Inflammation and Endothelial Injury Profiling of COVID-19 Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
Authors: Douglas D Fraser, Eric K Patterson, Mark Daley, Gediminas Cepinskas
Journal: Front Pediatr (2021)
Keywords: covid-19, mis-c, children, endothelial injury, inflammation, multisystem
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction: COVID-19 is associated with a novel multi-system inflammatory syndrome that shares some characteristics with Kawasaki's Disease. The syndrome manifestation is delayed relative to COVID-19 onset, with a spectrum of clinical severity. Clinical signs may include persistent fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac inflammation and/or shock. Case Presentation: We measured 59 inflammatory and endothelial injury plasma analytes in an adolescent girl that presented with malaise, fever, cough, strawberry tongue and jaundice. Her COVID-19 status was positive with detection of 2 SARS-CoV-2 viral genes using polymerase chain reaction. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin prior to blood draw, but our plasma measurements suggested a unique analyte expression pattern associated with inflammation, endothelial injury and microvascular glycocalyx degradation. Conclusions: COVID-19 is associated with a multi-system inflammatory syndrome and a unique inflammatory and endothelial injury signature. Summary: Analyte markers of inflammation and endothelial cell injury might serve as putative biomarkers and/or be investigated further as potential therapeutic targets.
Primary Effusion Lymphoma without an Effusion: A Rare Case of Solid Extracavitary Variant of Primary Effusion Lymphoma in an HIV-Positive Patient
Authors: Hamza Hashmi, Drew Murray, Samer Al-Quran, William Tse
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a unique form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, usually seen in severely immunocompromised, HIV-positive patients. PEL is related to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, and it usually presents as a lymphomatous body cavity effusion in the absence of a solid tumor mass. There have been very few case reports of HIV-positive patients with HHV-8-positive solid tissue lymphomas not associated with an effusion (a solid variant of PEL). In the absence of effusion, establishing an accurate diagnosis can be challenging, and a careful review of morphology, immunophenotype, and presence of HHV-8 is necessary to differentiate from other subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment involves intensive chemotherapy, and prognosis is usually poor. We present a rare case of a PEL variant in an HIV-positive patient who presented with extensive lymphadenopathy without any associated effusions.
Complications of thyroidectomy for large goiter
Authors: Toufik Berri, Rachida Houari
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2013)
Keywords: large goiter, morbidity, thyroidectomy
MeSH terms: Goiter, Nodular / surgery, Postoperative Complications / diagnosis, Thyroidectomy / adverse effects, Case Reports, Dobutamine / therapeutic use, Female, Goiter, Nodular / pathology, Hematoma / diagnosis, Hematoma / etiology, Hematoma / therapy, Humans, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Postoperative Complications / therapy, Shock / diagnosis, Shock / drug therapy, Shock / etiology, Thyroid Gland / pathology, Thyroid Gland / surgery, Dobutamine

Thyroidectomy is a routinely common practiced surgery. Morbidity and mortality from thyroid surgery are disregarded nowadays and undervalued in the literature. Perioperative risks and complications still exist for large goiters and can be life-threatening. These complications may occur during the anesthesia and intubation, intra-, or postoperatively. We set out through a case of a large cervical multinodular goiter (MNG) and a review of literature the perioperative complications and how to avoid them. During the total thyroidectomy operation, an accidental devascularisation of a parathyroid gland, a cervical hematoma which was evacuated by surgical reoperation, hemodynamic disorder and a transitory hypoparathyroidism were the postoperative complications that occurred. Surgery for large goiters remains difficult; so adequate preoperative assessment, particular attention and careful operative procedure should be followed to obtain better surgical outcomes.
Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome
Authors: Pikria Zhvania, Naomi Sulinger Hoyle, Lia Nadareishvili, Dea Nizharadze, Mzia Kutateladze
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2017)
Keywords: eliava, netherton syndrome, antibiotic resistance, bacteriophages, pediatrics, phage therapy, staphylococcal infections
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a classical triad of clinical features, including congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, trichorrhexis invaginata, and atopic diathesis coupled with frequent bacterial infections (1). The genetic basis for the disease has been recently identified with mutations in gene SPINK5, which is involved in the regulation of formation of skin barriers. We report on a 16-year-old male with all the typical manifestations of NS, including atopic diathesis and ongoing serious staphylococcal infections and allergy to multiple antibiotics whose family sought help at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center when all other treatment options were failing. Treatment with several antistaphylococcal bacteriophage preparations led to significant improvement within 7 days and very substantial changes in his symptoms and quality of life after treatment for 6 months, including return visits to the Eliava Phage Therapy Center after 3 and 6 months of ongoing use of phage at home.
Extended durability of a cloth-covered star-edwards caged ball prosthesis in aortic position
Authors: Yusuf Ata, Tamer Turk, Cüneyt Eris, Mihriban Yalcin, Filiz Ata, A Ozyazicioğlu
Journal: Case Rep Med (2009)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The Starr-Edwards caged ball valve is one of the oldest cardiac valve prosthesis and was widely used all around the world in the past decades. Despite the long-term results that have been reported there are only a few cases reported that exceed 30 years of durability. Here in, we report a 53-year-old patient with a well-functioning 35-year-old aortic Starr-Edwards caged ball prosthesis.
Engagement and social acceptance in genome editing for human benefit: Reflections on research and practice in a global context
Authors: Sebastián Barbosa, Lea Pare Toe, Delphine Thizy, Manjulika Vaz, Lucy Carter
Journal: Wellcome Open Res (2021)
Keywords: public engagement, gene drives, genome editing, social acceptance

While there are both practical and ethical reasons for public engagement in science and innovation, real-world detailed examples of engagement practice and the lessons to come from these are still hard to find. This paper showcases three contextually diverse case studies of engagement practice. Case 1 recounts the experiences of a government-funded initiative to involve scientists and policy makers as science communicators for the purpose of engaging the Argentine public on gene editing. Case 2 describes the research methodologies used to elicit diverse stakeholder views in the face of political uncertainty and institutional distrust in India. Finally, case 3 unpacks the tensions and gaps with existing international guidelines for ensuring local voices are respected in community decision-making in Burkina Faso. Each case shares its own compelling rationale for selecting the engagement method chosen and details the challenges encountered along the way. Each case shares its vision for creating legitimate opportunities for broader societal involvement in the planning, conduct and delivery of responsible science. These cases demonstrate the nuances, sensitivities and challenges of engaging with publics and broader stakeholders in discussions about genome editing for human benefit.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinali s and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus associated with diarrhea in children below five years old in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Lineage Kurenzvi, Teresa Kibirige Sebunya, Tidimalo Coetzee, Giacomo Maria Paganotti, Mathias Vondee Teye
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2020)
Keywords: diarrhea, cryptosporidium, genotype, giardia, group a rotavirus, prevalence
MeSH terms: Cryptosporidiosis / epidemiology, Diarrhea / epidemiology, Giardiasis / epidemiology, Rotavirus Infections / epidemiology, Botswana / epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Cryptosporidium parvum / isolation & purification, Diarrhea / microbiology, Diarrhea / parasitology, Female, Genotype, Giardia lamblia / isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Rotavirus / genetics, Rotavirus / isolation & purification

Introduction:
Cryptosporidium, Giardia and rotaviruses are amongst the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children ≤5 years worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and molecular characteristics of rotaviruses after Rotarix® introduction in Botswana.
Methods:
in this case study, 200 diarrheic stool specimens and 100 control samples from children under five years old were collected between March and November, 2017. Samples were analyzed by modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique for cryptosporidium, wet mount procedure for Giardia and negative samples were confirmed by immunochromatographic assay. Specimens were analyzed for rotavirus by ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR, sequencing of VP7 and VP4 antigen followed by phylogenetic analysis.
Results:
prevalence rates of 20.5%, 16.5% and 11.0% in diarrhea cases were observed for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus, respectively. Four percent of diarrheic specimens had multiple infections. The predominant rotavirus genotype was GIP[8] (7/15) followed by G2P[4] (2/15) and G3P[8] (1/15). Twenty percent of specimens were non-typeable. One mixed strain, G1+G2P[4,8] (2/15), was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 and VP7 sequences clustered Botswana rotavirus strains within G1 lineages 1 and 2, G3 lineage 1, P[8] lineage 3 and P[4] lineage 5 together with Southern African strains.
Conclusion:
this study provides important information on occurrence and demographic risk groups for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus in young children as well as genetic diversity of rotaviruses after vaccine introduction in Botswana. Constant monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains is essential in assessing effectiveness of current vaccines in Botswana.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: sustained remission after eradication of helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Mohammed Hasosah, Abdullah Baothman, Mohamed Satti, Suzanne Kutbi, Khaled Alghamdi, Kevan Jacobson
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the third most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and it is strongly associated with helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach. MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland usually presents as a localized disease process in extranodal tissues. The treatment options of MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland chiefly include radiation of the tumor, chemotherapy, surgical removal, or a combination of these strategies. We report a case of localized MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland, with prolonged sustained remission after eradication of gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. He sustains in remission of lacrimal MALT lymphoma for four years without chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary disease in immunocompetent host
Authors: Claudio Piersimoni, Piergiorgio Zitti, Gianna Mazzarelli, Allessandro Mariottini, Domenico Nista, Diego Zallocco
Journal: Emerg Infect Dis (2004)
MeSH terms: Lung Diseases / microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections / microbiology, Mycobacterium / classification, Case Reports, Review, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use, Base Sequence, DNA, Bacterial / analysis, Female, Humans, Immunocompetence, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycobacterium Infections / drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections / immunology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Anti-Bacterial Agents, DNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Mycobacterium triplex, a recently described, potentially pathogenic species, caused disease primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pulmonary infection due to this mycobacterium in an immunocompetent patient and review the characteristics of two other cases. In our experience, Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary infection is unresponsive to antimycobacterial chemotherapy.