OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
PBHMDA: Path-Based Human Microbe-Disease Association Prediction
Authors: Zhi-An Huang, Xing Chen, Zexuan Zhu, Hongsheng Liu, Gui-Ying Yan, Zhu-Hong You, Zhenkun Wen
Journal: Front Microbiol (2017)
Keywords: association network, computational prediction model, diseases, microbes, path-based measure

With the advance of sequencing technology and microbiology, the microorganisms have been found to be closely related to various important human diseases. The increasing identification of human microbe-disease associations offers important insights into the underlying disease mechanism understanding from the perspective of human microbes, which are greatly helpful for investigating pathogenesis, promoting early diagnosis and improving precision medicine. However, the current knowledge in this domain is still limited and far from complete. Here, we present the computational model of Path-Based Human Microbe-Disease Association prediction (PBHMDA) based on the integration of known microbe-disease associations and the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity for microbes and diseases. A special depth-first search algorithm was implemented to traverse all possible paths between microbes and diseases for inferring the most possible disease-related microbes. As a result, PBHMDA obtained a reliable prediction performance with AUCs (The area under ROC curve) of 0.9169 and 0.8767 in the frameworks of both global and local leave-one-out cross validations, respectively. Based on 5-fold cross validation, average AUCs of 0.9082 ± 0.0061 further demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed model. For the case studies of liver cirrhosis, type 1 diabetes, and asthma, 9, 7, and 9 out of predicted microbes in the top 10 have been confirmed by previously published experimental literatures, respectively. We have publicly released the prioritized microbe-disease associations, which may help to select the most potential pairs for further guiding the experimental confirmation. In conclusion, PBHMDA may have potential to boost the discovery of novel microbe-disease associations and aid future research efforts toward microbe involvement in human disease mechanism. The code and data of PBHMDA is freely available at http://www.escience.cn/system/file?fileId=85214.
Diffuse Optical Characterization of the Healthy Human Thyroid Tissue and Two Pathological Case Studies
Authors: Claus Lindner, Mireia Mora, Parisa Farzam, Mattia Squarcia, Johannes Johansson, Udo M Weigel, Irene Halperin, Felicia A Hanzu, Turgut Durduran
Journal: PLoS One (2016)
MeSH terms: Hemodynamics, Thyroid Gland / blood supply, Thyroid Gland / pathology, Thyroid Nodule / blood supply, Thyroid Nodule / pathology, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Spectrum Analysis

The in vivo optical and hemodynamic properties of the healthy (n = 22) and pathological (n = 2) human thyroid tissue were measured non-invasively using a custom time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system. Medical ultrasound was used to guide the placement of the hand-held hybrid optical probe. TRS measured the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (μa, μs') at three wavelengths (690, 785 and 830 nm) to derive total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and oxygen saturation (StO2). DCS measured the microvascular blood flow index (BFI). Their dependencies on physiological and clinical parameters and positions along the thyroid were investigated and compared to the surrounding sternocleidomastoid muscle. The THC in the thyroid ranged from 131.9 μM to 144.8 μM, showing a 25-44% increase compared to the surrounding sternocleidomastoid muscle tissue. The blood flow was significantly higher in the thyroid (BFIthyroid = 16.0 × 10-9 cm2/s) compared to the muscle (BFImuscle = 7.8 × 10-9 cm2/s), while StO2 showed a small (StO2, muscle = 63.8% to StO2, thyroid = 68.4%), yet significant difference. Two case studies with thyroid nodules underwent the same measurement protocol prior to thyroidectomy. Their THC and BFI reached values around 226.5 μM and 62.8 × 10-9 cm2/s respectively showing a clear contrast to the nodule-free thyroid tissue as well as the general population. The initial characterization of the healthy and pathologic human thyroid tissue lays the ground work for the future investigation on the use of diffuse optics in thyroid cancer screening.
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: L Ghedira Besbes, S Haddad, A Gabsi, M Hassine, Ch Ben Meriem, M N Guediche
Journal: Case Rep Nephrol (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a renal disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuninemia, edema and hypercholesterolemia. Nephrotic syndrome in children is known to be associated with an hypercoagulable state and thromboembolic complications. However cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is very rare. Here we report a seven-year-old child with steroid-dependent idopathic nephrotic syndrome resulting from a minimal change disease, developed multiple cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, presenting with headache, left sixth nerve palsy, and papilledema. The diagnosis of CSVT was established by cranial computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography. He gradually recovered after anticoagulant therapy. CSVT is very rare in nephrotic children. The diagnosis of CSVT should be considered in any patient with nephrotic syndrome who develops neurologic symptoms. This report highlights the importance of suspecting and recognizing this potentially life threatening complication and initiating early treatment.
Isolated splenic metastasis from lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Andre R Dias, Rodrigo A Pinto, Juliana N Ravanini, Renato M Lupinacci, Ivan Cecconello, Ulysses Ribeiro Jr
Journal: World J Surg Oncol (2012)
MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology, Lung Neoplasms / pathology, Splenic Neoplasms / secondary, Case Reports, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery, Humans, Lung Neoplasms / surgery, Male, Prognosis, Splenectomy, Splenic Neoplasms / surgery

Isolated splenic metastasis from lung cancer is a very rare occurrence with only a few reports available. Here, we report the case of a 82-year-old male who underwent a bilobectomy for a lung squamous cell carcinoma and 16 months later developed an isolated splenic metastasis. Additionally, previous reports are reviewed and discussed.
Effective long-term treatment with bevacizumab for relapsed glioblastoma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Katrin Schweneker, Christoph Clemm, Melanie Brügel, Michael Souvatzoglou, Mirjam Hermisson, Friederike Schmidt-Graf, Claus Zimmer, Christian Peschel, Philipp J Jost
Journal: Exp Hematol Oncol (2014)
Keywords: 18 f-fet-pet/ct scan, bevacizumab, pseudoprogression, relapsed glioblastoma
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the use of optimized first-line therapy, GBM is still associated with a poor prognosis and an effective second-line therapy remains an important challenge in this patient population. In 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the monoclonal anti-VEGF-antibody bevacizumab for the treatment of relapsed GBM after two phase-II studies showed its efficacy and safety, alone or in combination with irinotecan, in relapsed GBM. In contrast, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) concluded from the same published data that a clear benefit in terms of overall survival was not shown and subsequently did not grant approval for bevacizumab in this setting. Here, we report on a 53-year old patient with relapsed GBM who was treated with bevacizumab as single agent. After three months, the tumor volume was reduced and the Karnofsky performance status was substantially improved compared to the baseline at the time of relapse. After continued long-term treatment for 26 months, the patient remains in an excellent general condition. Moreover, the measurement of the tumor volume using multiple imaging modalities shows a sustained treatment response. In conclusion, this case supports the notion that individual patients respond exceptionally well to treatment with anti-VEGF therapy and suggests that future trials are needed to better identify the patient population that responds to bevacizumab.
Symptomatic Intrathecal Hematoma following an Epidural Blood Patch for an Obstetric Patient with Postdural Puncture Headache: A Case Report and Synthesis of the Literature
Authors: Hailey J McInerney, Manuel Lee, Tracie Saunders, Joy Schabel, Rishimani S N Adsumelli
Journal: Case Rep Anesthesiol (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Epidural blood patch (EBP), generally considered a low-risk procedure, can potentially lead to significant neurological complications. We report the case of a parturient who underwent an uneventful EBP for postdural puncture headache (PDPH) and subsequently presented with progressively worsening radicular symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrathecal hematoma, and conservative management with steroids led to complete recovery. Our case highlights the possibility of this rare complication following an uneventful procedure and the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious adverse outcomes. Literature review, EBP alternatives, and strategies to minimize complications following blood patch will be discussed in this report.
Effect of Timing of Initial Cataract Surgery, Compliance to Amblyopia Therapy on Outcomes of Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation in Chinese Children: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Liuyang Li, Yan Wang, Caihong Xue
Journal: J Ophthalmol (2018)

Purpose:
As a secondary analysis, we reassess the association of initial congenital cataract surgery times, compliance to amblyopia therapy, and visual outcomes for a long-term follow-up in a secondary IOL implantation.
Methods:
Retrospective review of records of all infants with congenital cataracts who underwent secondary IOL implantation in the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2007, and the minimum follow-up period was 5 years. Multiple regression analysis was used and the possible confounding factors were also analyzed to assess the effect on visual outcome.
Results:
A total of 110 patients (male: 59.1%) were included. The median (min-max) age at cataract extraction and IOL implantation was 7.5 (3.0-15.0) and 35.0 (22.0-184.0) months, respectively, and the average follow-up period was 99.3 ± 23.6 months. The median (min-max) BCVA at final follow-up was 0.20 (0.01-1.00). Compliance to amblyopia therapy was none, poor, and good in 21.8%, 24.5%, and 53.6%, respectively. Postoperative BCVA [logMAR, median (min-max) 0.70 (0.00-2.00)] linearly decreased with increasing cataract extraction time (per month) (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03-0.06, p < 0.0001) in multivariable models with laterality and compliance to amblyopia therapy adjusted. Good compliance to amblyopia therapy was associated with better BCVA (logMAR) at last follow-up (β = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.53 to -0.27, p < 0.0001) with laterality, opacity type, and extraction time adjusted.
Conclusions:
For Chinese infants with congenital cataract, an earlier primary congenital cataract surgery at an age of 3 to 15 months is associated with a better visual outcome. Good compliance to amblyopia therapy was also significant to visual outcome.
Management of jugular tympanic paraganglioma: a case report
Authors: Mehdi Ferjaoui, Naourez Kolsi, Wiem Boughzala, Ons Kharrat, Rachida Bouatay, Khaled Harrathi, Amel Elkorbi, Jamel Koubaa
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2022)
Keywords: jugular tympanic paraganglioma, case report, medical imaging, surgery, tinnitus
MeSH terms: Glomus Jugulare Tumor, Glomus Tympanicum Tumor, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Paraganglioma / diagnosis, Paraganglioma / surgery, Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal, Case Reports, Adult, Humans, Male

Paragangliomas could be localized from the skull base to the pelvic floor. Tympanic localization represents the most common benign tumor of the middle ear. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs with a great contribution of radiology. A 40-year-old male presented with isolated tinnitus of the right ear evolving for 18 months. Examination revealed a red bulging right-sided tympanic membrane and a conductive hearing loss. Tomodensitometry and Magnetic resonance imagery showed findings in favor of a right jugular tympanic paraganglioma. The tumor was classified type B according to FISCH classification. The patient underwent surgery consisting in tympanotomy using a retro auricular access route. The postoperative course was uneventful. There was no recurrence during the one-year follow-up. Jugular tympanic paraganglioma diagnosis is guided by a combination of epidemiological, clinical and radiological features. Treatment is still not consensual, but surgery still have its indications in localized forms of head and neck paragangliomas (HNP´s).
Nilotinib-Induced Dystonia and Cognitive Deficits in a Neurologically Normal Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Justine Chan, Paarth Shah, Guillermo Moguel-Cobos
Journal: Case Rep Neurol Med (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This agent is also being studied in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson disease. Studies have shown that nilotinib may decrease the accumulation of parkin substrates and decrease the loss of dopaminergic cells. The use of nilotinib in neurologic disorders is relatively new, and little information about this use has been published. We report on a patient receiving nilotinib for CML. The patient had no previous neurologic deficits, and developed intermittent dystonic posturing of the left upper extremity and cognitive impairment after she began nilotinib treatment. The mechanisms behind this adverse effect are not clear; however, her symptoms began after nilotinib was introduced, decreased with dose reduction, stopped with its cessation, and re-emerged when the medication was restarted. To our knowledge, this is the first reported patient with neurologic symptoms secondary to nilotinib use.
Case report of Chagas disease reactivation: new diagnosis tool by direct microscopic observation of biopsy specimen and its preservation fluid
Authors: Constanza Lopez-Albizu, Martín Pablo Bravo, Marisa Pico, Marisa L Fernandez
Journal: Rev Soc Bras Med Trop (2020)
MeSH terms: Chagas Disease / diagnosis, Trypanosoma cruzi, Case Reports, Biopsy, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Humans

Chagas Disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This infection is endemic in the Americas region. Neurological Chagas reactivation is diagnosed through the visualization of the parasite in the cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or tissue samples. Herein, we report the visualization of trypomastigotes by direct microscopic observation of a brain biopsy specimen and its preservation fluid (PF) in a paitient infected with VIH and T. cruzi. This easy and simple diagnostic method coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction can be used in all tissue biopsies and PF of T. cruzi seropositive patients, suspected of Chagas disease reactivation.
Off-Label Cyproheptadine in Children and Adolescents: Psychiatric Comorbidities, Interacting Variables, Safety, and Risks of Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Mayank Gupta, Nihit Gupta, Jayakrishna Madabushi
Journal: Cureus (2023)
Keywords: appetite stimulation, child and adolescent psychiatry, cyproheptadine, hepatic toxicity, mental health illness, migraine disorder, migraine prophylaxis, periactin
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Cyproheptadine is a widely prescribed first-generation antihistamine, and due to its unique chemical structure, it has a popular off-label choice for a range of clinical conditions. Its efficacy is widely debated in the literature, but there are reports of hepatotoxicity as a rare adverse effect. Its benefits in migraine prophylaxis and appetite stimulation also underscore a highly overlapping clinical pathway that requires additional assessment and evaluation. The evidence suggests a baseline metabolic profile before initiation and assessment for co-occurring mental health conditions may improve overall response with evidence-based mental health interventions.
The utility of repeated computed tomography to track a foreign body penetrating the esophagus to the level of the thyroid gland
Authors: Hai-Hong Chen, Ling-Xiang Ruan, Shui-Hong Zhou, Shen-Qing Wang
Journal: Oral Radiol (2014)
Keywords: computed tomography, foreign body, migration, surgery, thyroid gland

Objective:
Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common problem in otolaryngology. One uncommon complication of FB ingestion is penetration to the level of the thyroid gland. To our knowledge, only 21 such cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of an esophageal FB penetrating to the level of the right thyroid gland.
Case report:
The patient was a 38-year-old woman in whom an esophageal FB penetrated to the level of the right thyroid gland. We traced the path to the thyroid gland using repeated computed tomography (CT) scans and demonstrated the importance of multiplanar reconstruction in locating the FB and formulating a precise surgical plan.
Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first report of repeat CT scans being used to demonstrate the migratory route, over time, of a FB penetrating through the esophagus to the level of the thyroid gland. Our results suggest that multiplanar reconstruction may play a key role in the precise diagnosis of a FB at the level of the thyroid gland and may help surgeons choose the best approach for removal.
Spontaneous biloma managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous drainage: a case report
Authors: Gurhan Bas, Ismail Okan, Mustafa Sahin, Ramazan Eryılmaz, Arda Isık
Journal: J Med Case Rep (2011)

Introduction:
Spontaneous biloma formation is a very rare condition, which mandates immediate treatment.
Case presentation:
An 80-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our department with a diagnosis of intra-abdominal collection located in his right upper quadrant. Further radiological examination demonstrated multiple calculi in his gallbladder and common bile duct. Our patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the stones in the common bile duct were extracted. Percutaneous drainage of the abdominal collection revealed a spontaneous biloma formation. Continuous drainage of bile persisted for one week, so endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was repeated and a 10Fr stent was placed; subsequently the biliary leak ceased and our patient was discharged. A control abdominal computed tomography did not show any residual fluid collection.
Conclusion:
Spontaneous biloma formation is a very rare incidence; awareness is necessary for prompt recognition and treatment.
Irritable Hip as the Inaugural Symptom for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Sara Alves da Silva, Jorge Mendes, João Carvalho, Hélder Nogueira, Helena Barroca, Margarida Fernandes, Edite Tomás
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Case report:
A four-year-old girl presented with fever and a painful limp in the left hip. Pain characteristics and anemia detected in the blood analyses were the first warning signs that the hip process was not standard. Although the primary suspicion was of septic arthritis, a CT scan of the abdomen revealed an adrenal neuroblastoma.
Conclusion:
The presenting signs of neuroblastoma are commonly atypical. About 25% of presentations are orthopedic and mimic a variety of severe orthopedic conditions. The most important clinical dilemma is distinguishing benign and self-limiting disorders from septic or malignant processes.
Intramuscular Tranexamic Acid Administration on the Battlefield
Authors: David Steele, P Kjell Ballard, Riley Burke, Brian Ferguson
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is routinely administered intravenously (IV) and intraosseously (IO) in response to exsanguination.
Case:
This report describes a patient who sustained multiple high-powered rifle gunshot wounds that received battlefield-environment intramuscular (IM) administration of TXA due to inability to obtain IV / IO access. This case represents the unlikely positive outcome in the setting of multiple remarkable obstacles, which may have been ameliorated by novel administration of TXA.
Conclusion:
Cases of IM TXA administration as a primary intervention are not well represented in the current body of medical literature. This case report highlights a clinical scenario where IM TXA was utilized as part of first-line treatment that led to a positive clinical outcome. Although IM TXA is not yet endorsed by current trauma guidelines, this case suggests that IM route administration of TXA should be further investigated. If indeed IM administration of TXA proves just as efficacious as alternative routes, this would hold considerable advantageous implications for austere situations were sterility and IV / IO placement are impractical. This would also represent another avenue by which to decrease the time-to-TXA for patients, allowing sooner correction of hemorrhage and trauma-associated coagulopathy.
Leech Infestation in the Vulvar Region: Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in a Six years old Child
Authors: Theodomir Sebazungu, Pascaline Kiota Kabungo, Emmanuel Manirakiza, Blaise Dushimiyimana
Journal: East Afr Health Res J (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Leeches are hermaphroditic rare blood-sucking human endoparasitesof phylum Annelida and class Hirudinea. Leech infestation is a zoonotic disease acquired by drinking contaminated water, swimming in ponds and streams.1 Epidemiology of leech bites in literature is limited and the majority of existing data are case reports from the tropics or subtropics.2-4 Leech bites can occur on various orifices of the body including internal body cavities and orifices, such as the uterus, rectum, urinary bladder, vulva, nasal cavity, peritoneal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oesophagus, trachea, bronchi and the vagina.5 Different chemicals for leech removal have been utilized and include anesthetics drugs like lidocaine and topical anesthetic spray. Salt, saline, vinegar, alcohol, and heat are also viable options. Of these, saltwater has been shown to be effective in causing the leech to relax and release. Vaginal bleeding resulting from leech bite is rare, but when it occurs, it may be of severe morbidity.2-4 In the present case report that happened at Kabaya district hospital, a six year old child with vaginal bleeding that turned out to be caused by vaginal leech infestation is presented. Kabaya district hospital is a rural hospital with 144-bed capacity and serves 188,902 inhabitants and is geographically difficult to access due to the lack of reliable roads and bridges, especially in the rainy season.
A Rare t(9;22;16)(q34;q11;q24) Translocation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia for Which Imatinib Mesylate Was Effective: A Case Report
Authors: Masahiro Manabe, Yumi Yoshii, Satoru Mukai, Erina Sakamoto, Hiroshi Kanashima, Takeshi Inoue, Hirofumi Teshima
Journal: Leuk Res Treatment (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation is found in about 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. About 5-10% of CML patients have complex variant translocations involving a third chromosome in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22. Herein, we describe a CML-chronic phase male with a complex translocation involving chromosome 16, t(9;22;16)(q34;q11;q24). First, he was treated with interferon-alpha and intermittent hydroxyurea, but only a partial cytogenetic response was attained. Subsequently, the patient was treated with imatinib mesylate because of an additional chromosome abnormality, trisomy 8. A major molecular response was obtained after one year's imatinib therapy, and the follow-up chromosomal analysis performed 4 years and 3 months after the initiation of imatinib therapy displayed a normal karyotype of 46,XY.