OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of angioid streak associated choroidal neovascular membrane (AS-CNV): a Zambian case series
Authors: Kshitiz Kumar, Santosh Balasubramaniam, Amar Agarwal
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2020)
Keywords: angioid streak, aflibercept, choroidal neovascular membrane, comet-tail lesion, ranibizumab
MeSH terms: Angiogenesis Inhibitors / administration & dosage, Angioid Streaks / complications, Choroidal Neovascularization / etiology, Case Reports, Adult, Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Ranibizumab / administration & dosage, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / administration & dosage, Recombinant Fusion Proteins / administration & dosage, Treatment Outcome, Zambia, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, aflibercept, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Ranibizumab

This case series illustrates clinical features and treatment outcomes of angioid streak associated CNV (AS-CNV) in 3 consecutive patients. Mean age of patients was 43.2 years with one female patient. Bilateral CNV was present in one patient. Comet-tail lesions were present in all cases. No underlying systemic association was found in any of the patients. All patients were treated with 3 loading doses of anti-VEGF injections (ranibizumab in two and aflibercept was used in one case). Subretinal fluid resolved in all cases with no recurrence of CNV activity at mean follow-up of 10.75 months. AS-CNV in Zambian eyes responds favourably to anti-VEGF injections.
Disrupting the "empathy machine": The power and perils of virtual reality in addressing social issues
Authors: Carles Sora-Domenjó
Journal: Front Psychol (2022)
Keywords: documentary, embodiment, empathy, films, media effects, prosocial behaviour, storytelling, virtual reality
MeSH terms: Review

This article looks through a critical media lens at mediated effects and ethical concerns of virtual reality (VR) applications that explore personal and social issues through embodiment and storytelling. In recent years, the press, immersive media practitioners and researchers have promoted the potential of virtual reality storytelling to foster empathy. This research offers an interdisciplinary narrative review, with an evidence-based approach to challenge the assumptions that VR films elicit empathy in the participant-what I refer to as the VR-empathy model. A review of literature from the fields of psychology, computer science, embodiment, medicine, and virtual reality was carried out to question and counter these claims through case studies of both fiction and non-fiction VR experiences. The results reveal that there is little empirical evidence of a correlation between VR exposure and an increase in empathy that motivates pro-social behavior, and a lack of research covering VR films exposure eliciting empathy. Furthermore, the results show an alarming lack of research into the long-term effects of VR films and other VR immersive experiences. This contribution aims to understand and demystify the current "empathy machine" rhetoric and calls for more rigorous, scientific research that can authenticate future claims and systemize ethical best practices.
HbSC Disease and Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma with Kernohan's Notch Phenomena
Authors: Meera Yogarajah, Chidozie Charles Agu, Bhradeev Sivasambu, Mark A Mittler
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2015)

Spontaneous (nontraumatic) acute epidural hematoma is a rare and poorly understood complication of sickle cell disease. A 19-year-old African American male with hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) presented with generalized body aches and was managed for acute painful crisis. During his hospital stay he developed rapid deterioration of his mental status and computed topography revealed a spontaneous massive epidural hematoma with mass effect and midline shift with Kernohan's notch phenomena for which urgent craniotomy and evacuation was done. We report the first case of HbSC disease associated with catastrophic epidural hematoma progressing to transtentorial herniation and Kernohan's notch phenomena within few hours with rapid clinical deterioration. The etiopathogenesis and the rare presentation are discussed in detail in this case report.
The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) strategy for fetal giant sacrococcygeal teratoma with cardiac insufficiency: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yunping Ding, Mengmeng Yang, Min Lv, Ying Jiang, Tian Dong, Baihui Zhao, Qiong Luo
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: cardiac insufficiency, ex-utero intrapartum treatment (exit), fetal tumor, prenatal diagnosis, sacrococcygeal teratoma (sct)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Antenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma has been associated with risks of perinatal complications and death, especially when the foetus has symptoms of cardiac insufficiency, hydrops or anemia in utero; however, the method of intervention remains controversial.
Case:
A 25-year-old pregnant woman was found to have a cystic and solid tumor in the fetal sacrococcygeal region at 16 weeks of gestation. As the tumour grew, the mother developed polyhydramnios accompanied with gestational diabetes. Fetal and tumorous hemodynamics were closely monitored by ultrasound. Abnormal cardiac function was detected at 31 weeks' gestation, and we creatively performed pre-emptive delivery through the ex-utero intrapartum treatment with debulking. The teratoma was removed with utero-placental circulation support. The operation proceeded smoothly with favourable prognosis for both mother and newborn.
Conclusion:
The ex-utero intrapartum treatment may improve the prognosis for fetuses with heart failure when they reach viable gestation.
Case report: Resection of a giant right ventricular myxoma
Authors: Jin Rao, Qian Yang, Liang Yin, Yue Yu, Wang Xi, Jibin Xu, Yufeng Zhang, Zhinong Wang
Journal: Front Surg (2023)
Keywords: cardiac computed tomographic angiography, echocardiography, resection, right ventricle outflow tract, ventricular myxoma
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Myxoma constitutes the main subtype of all benign cardiac tumors, tending to be more common in women and occurring mostly in the left and right atria. Its classic clinical presentations are intracardiac obstruction, embolization, and systemic or constitutional symptoms, such as fever, in decreasing order. Several imaging techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and angiocardiography contribute to the diagnosis of myxoma, ruling out significant coronary diseases, and assessment of myocardial invasion and tumor involvement of adjacent structures. Surgical resection is the only effective therapeutic option for patients with cardiac myxoma. Here, we report a unique case of a middle-aged man who presented with a giant myxoma and a 3-day history of chest tightness and shortness of breath after physical activity. Subsequently, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a mass of solid echodensity located within the right ventricle, complicated by abnormal hemodynamics. A cardiac computed tomographic angiography showed a large homogeneous density filling defect consuming most parts of the right ventricle and protruding from beat to beat. A surgical resection and histological study later successfully confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient's postoperative recovery course was found to be uneventful.
Soil water storage capacity under chronosequence of revegetation in Yanhe watershed on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Feng Jiao, Zhong-Ming Wen, Shao-Shan An
Journal: Springerplus (2013)
Keywords: loess plateau, land use, soil water storage, vegetation restoration
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The relationship between vegetation and soil moisture deserves attention due to its scientific importance and practical applications. However, the effects of soil moisture on vegetation development and succession are poorly documented. Here we study soil water storage in Yanhe watershed at northern Shaanxi on five different land uses, namely shrubland, farmland, natural grassland, woodland, and artificial grassland, and in soil under restoration for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. The results show that (1) soil water in soil 0-60 cm below ground is the highest in farmland, and lower in shrubland, artificial grassland, natural grassland and woodland; (2) soil water in artificial grassland and woodland decreases rapidly as the soil depth increases; whereas soil water in farmland, natural grassland, shrubland and woodland decreases; (3) soil water storage of farmland is greater than that of shrubland, artificial grassland, natural grassland and woodland; and (4) the vegetation succession in soil undergo restoration for different years on eroded soil results in a decrease in soil water storage.
The dangers of lithotomy positioning in the operating room: case report of bilateral lower extremity compartment syndrome after a 90-minutes surgical procedure
Authors: Nicole Stornelli, Frank B Wydra, Justin J Mitchell, Philip F Stahel, Stefka Fabbri
Journal: Patient Saf Surg (2016)
Keywords: adverse event, compartment syndrome, fasciotomy, lithotomy position, patient safety, surgical complication
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Lower extremity acute compartment syndrome after gynecologic surgery in the lithotomy position is a rare, yet potentially devastating complication. A high level of suspicion is paramount for early recognition and mitigation of acute compartment syndrome originating from prolonged surgery in lithotomy position.
Case presentation:
A 23-year-old female, gravida 1, para 0, underwent a laparoscopic salpingectomy for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Surgical time was 90 min. Postoperatively, the patient developed acute compartment syndrome of both legs necessitating emergent bilateral four-compartment fasciotomies, with repeated returns to the operating room for 2nd look procedures and delayed wound closures. The patient regained full function within 3 months and returned to an unrestricted baseline activity level.
Conclusion:
Technical diligence in applying a lithotomy position is paramount for preventing postoperative lower extremity compartment syndrome. A high level of suspicion for this severe complication in conjunction with early recognition and immediate surgical management can mitigate long-term adverse sequelae and improve postoperative outcomes.
The rapunzel syndrome: an unusual trichobezoar presentation
Authors: Luiz Roberto Lopes, Priscilla Sene Portel Oliveira, Eduardo Marcucci Pracucho, Marcelo Amade Camargo, João de Souza Coelho Neto, Nelson Adami Andreollo
Journal: Case Rep Med (2010)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The Rapunzel syndrome is an unusual form of trichobezoar found in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, trichotillomania (habit of hair pulling) and trichophagia (morbid habit of chewing the hair), consequently developing gastric bezoars. The principal symptoms are vomiting and epigastric pain. In this case report, we describe this syndrome in a young girl.
A case report of ten-month-neglected anterior shoulder dislocation managed by open reduction combined with Latarjet procedure
Authors: Andri Maruli Tua Lubis, Muhammad Rizqi Adhi Primaputra, Ismail H Dilogo
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: case report, latarjet procedure, neglected shoulder dislocation, open reduction

Introduction:
Neglected shoulder dislocation is a rare case and may be accompanied by pathological changes in bony and soft tissue structure. Therefore, it requires extensive surgical procedure. Until now, there is no standard treatment protocol to overcome this case and it is still a challenging case.
Presentation of case:
We presented a 27-year-old male patient with deformity on his left shoulder. The patient has suffered a ten-month-neglected anterior shoulder dislocation with a Hill-Sachs lesion. The treatment was open reduction combined with Latarjet procedure. Evaluation of treatment was performed three months after surgery.
Discussion:
Management of a neglected shoulder dislocation, especially with signiﬁcant bony defects, is challenging and cannot be managed with standard surgical technique because of severe soft-tissue contracture and imbalance as well as bone deﬁciency. Chronic locked anterior shoulder dislocation is a difficult condition for both patient and clinician. In addition to that, the treatment results can be unsatisfactory. Latarjet procedure has been shown to be effective for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a large glenoid osseous defect which might justify the application of this procedure for the treatment of neglected anterior shoulder dislocation.
Conclusion:
Open reduction combined with Latarjet procedure performed for treatment of neglected anterior shoulder dislocation was found to have a high rate of successful in preventing further dislocation of the shoulder joint although the high risk of osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint can still persist.
Progressive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Caused by an Autoimmune Response to Intravesical Bacille-Calmette-Guérin Treatment
Authors: Anouck Becker, Iris Quasar Grunwald, Marcus M Unger, Stefanie Behnke, Joerg Spiegel, Umut Yilmaz, Silke Walter, Klaus Faßbender
Journal: Front Neurol (2020)
Keywords: bcg, bacille-calmette-guerin (bcg), autoimmune disease, cerebral vasculitis, molecular mimicry, small vessel disease, urothelioma
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Systemic BCGitis and autoimmune diseases are possible adverse events of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin-(BCG)-instillations in the treatment of urothelioma cancer. We present the case of an 83-years-old male patient with rapid progressive symptoms of dementia up to mutism as well as tonic seizures. Immune-mediated cerebral small vessel disease was diagnosed and retraced to former instillations of BCG. Intense immunosuppressive treatment was performed and clinical restoration was achieved within several months. While cerebral vasculitis due to BCGitis has already been described before, this is to our knowledge the first case report to illustrate an immune-mediated small vessel disease after BCG-instillations. This should be considered in patients with rapidly progressive dementia-like symptoms treated with BCG, as an immunosuppressive treatment can be highly effective even at severe clinical stages.
Massive lung collapse with partial resolution after several years: a case report
Authors: Elke Govaere, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Hugo Devlieger, Maria-Helena Smet, Eric Verbeken, Marijke Proesmans, Kris De Boeck
Journal: BMC Pediatr (2005)
MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis Obliterans / complications, Bronchopneumonia / complications, Pulmonary Atelectasis / therapy, Case Reports, Bronchiolitis Obliterans / diagnostic imaging, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Pulmonary Atelectasis / diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Atelectasis / etiology, Radiography

Background:
Bronchitis obliterans is a severe and extremely rare complication of respiratory tract infections in children and is characterized by massive atelectasis and collapse of the affected lung. Of the rare cases reported in the literature all surviving children underwent surgical resection of the collapsed lung.
Case presentation:
We report an infant with bronchitis obliterans that was treated conservatively. 5 years after the initial event, partial lung re-expansion was documented.
Conclusion:
This case therefore supports a conservative treatment whenever possible with pneumonectomy only as a last treatment option.
Mature (benign) cystic retroperitoneal teratoma involving the left adrenal gland in a 22-year-old male: a case report and literature review
Authors: Adnan Bhatti, Hindi Al-Hindi, Ayman Azzam, Tarek Amin, Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Journal: Case Rep Oncol Med (2013)

Primary retroperitoneal teratomas involving adrenal glands are exceedingly uncommon accounting for only 4% of all primary teratomas. They are more common in childhood and rarely occur in adults. Only a very few case reports have been documented in literature so far. Herein, we report a mature (benign) cystic retroperitoneal teratoma in the region of left adrenal gland in a 22-year-old otherwise healthy male patient who presented with a 1-month history of left flank pain. In addition, a literature review on teratomas is included.
Case report: Use of laparoscopic electrocoagulation rods in endovenous thermal ablation of saphenous trunks in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities
Authors: Ling Wang, Ya Wang, Xiaoyang Niu, Zhengzuo Lv, Bing Wang
Journal: Front Surg (2023)
Keywords: ablation, application of new methods, electrocoagulation, endovascular procedures, varicose veins
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a very common condition in vascular surgery. With advances in technology and medicine, minimally invasive endovenous thermal ablation has become the primary approach used to treat patients with moderate or severe varicose veins. Electrocoagulation for thermal ablation is a relatively simple and economical procedure, but standards vary according to location and some limitations exist. We report a case of a 58-year-old female patient with small saphenous varicose veins in the right lower extremity in which an electrocoagulation rod commonly used in laparoscopic surgery was innovatively used instead of a standard variable electrocoagulation device. The venous clinical severity score was used to assess changes in clinical symptoms before and 3 months after the procedure. The procedure was shown to have eliminated venous reflux, improved the patient's clinical symptoms, and venous function. This procedure may be a reliable option for future endovenous electrocoagulation thermal ablation procedures for varicose veins that are simple and convenient to perform.
Seat Belt Compression Appendicitis following Motor Vehicle Collision
Authors: Muhammad Faisal Khilji, Qazi Zia Ullah
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Appendicitis and trauma both present in emergency department commonly but their presentation together in the same patient is unusual. We present a case of a middle-aged man brought by emergency medical services (EMS) to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain after he was involved in motor vehicle collision. He was perfectly fine before the accident. His primary survey was normal. Secondary survey revealed tenderness in right iliac fossa with seat belt mark overlying it. Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed which showed 8 mm thickening of appendix with minimal adjacent fat stranding. There is also subcutaneous fat stranding of anterior lower abdominal wall possibly due to bruising. Impression of posttraumatic seat belt compression appendicitis was made. Laparoscopic appendectomy was done and patient recovered uneventfully. Histopathology showed inflamed appendix, proving it to be a case of seat belt compression appendicitis.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating a T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma
Authors: El Mehdi Mahtat, Maryem Zine, Mohamed Allaoui, Malika Kerbout, Nezha Messaoudi, Kamal Doghmi, Mohamed Mikdame
Journal: BMC Hematol (2016)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults is often secundary to an infection or a neoplasm. In this last case, T cell lymphomas are the most frequent causes. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secundary to a B cell lymphoma has been rarely reported.
Case presentation:
We describe a case of a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating a T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma treated with conventionnal chemotherapy leading to a complete remission.
Conclusion:
Prompt etiologic diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis leads to satisfactory outcome.
Severe Bradycardia Leading to Hemodynamic Instability Associated with Remdesivir Use in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Bhargavi Donepudi, Shikhar Agarwal, Lokendra Thakur
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Remdesivir (RDV) is an approved treatment for hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There is limited literature on the cardiac adverse effects of RDV. We report a case of a patient who developed hemodynamically unstable bradycardia after the initiation of RDV that resolved after discontinuing RDV.
Unusual presentation of a rectovestibular fistula as gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a postmenopausal woman
Authors: Olga Grechukhina, Gregory M Gressel, Graham Taylor, Jeremy I Schwartz, Regan J Welsh
Journal: Case Rep Obstet Gynecol (2014)

Background. Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are extremely rare and are usually identified neonatally. It is unusual for these cases to present in the postmenopausal period. This case report describes a postmenopausal patient with ARM and rectovaginal hemorrhage. Case. An 86-year-old, gravida 11, para 9, presented to the emergency department complaining of profuse postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Her gynecologic history was significant only for an unclear history of an anal abnormality that was noted at birth. Speculum examination revealed profuse rectal bleeding from a rectovestibular fistula exterior to her hymenal ring. Colonoscopic examination revealed severe diverticular disease. Conclusion. This patient was born with an imperforate anus which resolved as rectovestibular fistula and ectopic anus. This case presents a rare clinical circumstance which integrates the fields of obstetrics, gynecology, gastroenterology, and embryology alike.
Human quadrupedalism is not an epiphenomenon caused by neurodevelopmental malformation and ataxia
Authors: Sibel Karaca, Meliha Tan, Uner Tan
Journal: Front Neurol (2012)
Keywords: uner tan syndrome, evolution, neural networks, quadrupedalism, self-organization
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Two cases with quadrupedal locomotion (QL) were presented. In both cases, cognitive and psychiatric functions were normal and, no neurological deficits were observed, except for a sequel paralysis of left leg in Case 2. It was suggested that human QL (1) should not be considered as an epiphenomenon caused by neurodevelopmental malformation and ataxia, but (2) may be considered as a re-emergence of the ancestral diagonal QL, and (3) it may spontaneously emerge in humans with entirely normal brains, by taking advantage of neural networks such as central pattern generators that have been preserved for about 400 million years.
Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of liver: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: P R Thippeswamy Naik, Prem Kumar, P Vinod Kumar
Journal: Case Reports Hepatol (2013)

Primary liver liposarcoma is a rare disease. The knowledge of the clinical course, management, and prognosis of primary liver liposarcoma are all limited because of its rarity. Twelve cases of primary liposarcoma of the liver have been previously reported. We present the thirteenth case, which occurred in an adult male patient. A 42-year-old male patient came to our outpatient department with complaints of pain abdomen, mass per abdomen, and weight loss. Ultrasonography showed a mass arising from the the left lobe of liver. CT abdomen showed a heterogenous enhancing mass from left lobe of liver with multiple cystic and necrotic areas compressing the stomach and spleen with no evidence of metastasis. Differential diagnosis included adenoma and primary malignancy. Exploratory laparotomy and resection were done. HPE was found to be pleomorphic liposarcoma of liver.