OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy in the Scrotum
Authors: Hrvoje Stepančec, Zoran Kokot, Draženko Keretić, Sandra Radiković, Donat Grgurović
Journal: European J Pediatr Surg Rep (2019)
Keywords: fibrous, hamartoma, infancy, scrotum, tumor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a solid benign tumor of the subcutis, which usually occurs within the first 2 years of life. It predominantly occurs in males, and is clinically presented as a solid, painless, well-limited subcutaneous formation, tending to grow, and in most cases without any symptoms. It occurs in various locations. The aim of this case report was to present a case of a rare tumor of infancy in the scrotal region, in an 8-month-old male infant, with a nonspecific clinical picture, suggestive of a malignant formation, thus presenting a diagnostic challenge for a doctor. The tumor was completely removed. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological analysis. One year after the surgical procedure, a follow-up ultrasonography examination showed no relapse.
Why Henry III of Navarre's Hair Probably did not Turn White Overnight
Authors: Alexander A Navarini, Ralph M Trüeb
Journal: Int J Trichology (2010)
Keywords: canities subita, henry iii of navarre, saint bartholomew’s day massacre

Although a rare event, sudden whitening of hair (canities subita) has reportedly affected a number of well-known historical figures, usually in relation to dramatic events in their lives. Although early accounts are substantiated by more recent case reports in scientific literature, we suspect that the phenomenon is not only used as a literary means in fiction, with the aim of dramatizing, but probably also in historical accounts. For this purpose, we examine the case history of Henry III of Navarre who allegedly turned white on the evening of the Saint Bartholomew's day massacre, and challenge this claim, due to inconsistencies in his biography, with the current pathophysiological understanding of canities subita.
Case Report: Afatinib-Induced Interstitial Pneumonia: Experiences and Lessons From Two Patients
Authors: Xiao Liu, Baozhen Ma, Tiepeng Li, Lingdi Zhao
Journal: Front Pharmacol (2021)
Keywords: afatinib, glucocorticoid, interstitial pneumonia, lessons, lung cancer
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background: Afatinib has shown good efficacy in patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations, but the incidence of afatinib-induced interstitial pneumonia should be alert as its rapid progression. Here, we report two cases of interstitial pneumonia during afatinib treatment. Case presentation: The first case was of a 58-year-old male with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (cT4bN3M1b) with exon 18 G719X and exon 20 S781I EGFR mutations and received afatinib therapy. After 68 days of therapy, he developed shortness of breath and fever. Drug-induced pneumonia was not diagnosed timely, the patient received empirical antibiotics and low-dose glucocorticoids. The pulmonary inflammation rapidly progressed and the patient died 15 days after symptom onset. The second case was of a 57-year-old man with stage IV (cT3N3M1b) lung adenocarcinoma with exon 21 L861Q EGFR mutation. He received afatinib as second-line therapy. Fever and shortness of breath occurred 22 days after afatinib therapy, he received empirical antibiotic therapy. Five days later, CT showed aggravated pulmonary inflammation, and afatinib-induced interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed. He received glucocorticoid therapy, and the pneumonia quickly improved. Conclusion: Although the incidence of EGFR-TKI-associated pneumonia is uncommon, high vigilance for drug-induced interstitial pneumonia is necessary during treatment. Early diagnosis and early glucocorticoid therapy could reverse lung injury.
Amyloïdosis, sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Amel Rezgui, Imene Ben Hassine, Monia Karmani, Fatma Ben Fredj, Chadia Laouani
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2016)
Keywords: amyloïdosis, lupus erythematosus, sarcoïdosis
MeSH terms: Amyloidosis / etiology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / complications, Renal Insufficiency / etiology, Sarcoidosis / etiology, Case Reports, Amyloidosis / physiopathology, Autoantibodies / immunology, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism / pathology, Lung / diagnostic imaging, Lung / physiopathology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / physiopathology, Middle Aged, Proteinuria / diagnosis, Salivary Glands / pathology, Sarcoidosis / physiopathology, Syndrome, Autoantibodies

The occurrence of renal and multiple organ Amyloïdosis is currently considered exceptional in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus. We report a case of a concomitant SLE and Amyloïdosis in a 57 year old female patient with hypothyroidism history, who presented with erythema nodosum, fever, arthralgia and sicca syndrome. Biological findings showed an inflammatory syndrome, renal failure, proteinuria (1g / 24h), positive auto antibodies and anti DNA. Lung radiology revealed medistinal lymphadenopathy, pleural nodules, ground glass infiltrates and pleuritis. Bronchial biopsy showed non specific inflammation. The salivary gland biopsy showed amyloïd deposits. This case report reminds us that lupus and Amyloïdosis association, although exceptional remains possible. The occurrence of Lofgren syndrome in this situation make the originality of this report.
A rare case of invasive sinonasal carcinosarcoma
Authors: Eduardo Luis de Souza Cruz, Antonia Taiane Lopes de Moraes, Francisco de Souza Neves Filho, José Thiers Carneiro Junior, Bruno Thiago Cruz E Silva, Victor Angelo Martins Montalli, Sérgio de Melo Alves Júnior, João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2020)
Keywords: aggression, carcinosarcoma, case report, nasal cavity, neoplasms, pathology, prognosis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Carcinosarcomas are rare malignant neoplasms formed by embryonic tissues (ectoderm and mesoderm) and present remarkably aggressive character with unfavourable prognosis. These lesions are rarely diagnosed in the sinonasal cavity and only a few cases are reported in the literature. This manuscript aimed to report a rare case of a large and aggressive sinonasal carcinosarcoma that involved the facial middle third and to discuss the proposed treatment.
Presentation of case:
A 54-year-old female patient sought treatment for a large swelling on the left side of the face. A CT-scan revealed an expansive hypodense image in the facial middle third. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia and the material was sent for histopathological analysis.
Discussion:
Due to the extremely aggressive character of carcinosarcomas, the optimal management of carcinosarcomas remains uncertain and a challenge for clinicians. In this case report, the prognosis of such a large tumour became unfavourable since the patient sought late for treatment. Therefore, suspicion and early detection are crucial for improving the prognosis and quality of life of the patients with such neoplasia.
Conclusion:
Besides being rare and extremely aggressive, sinonasal carcinosarcomas present worse patient survival when compared to other carcinosarcomas in the head and neck region. Thus, this report may contribute to a better understanding of this tumour behaviour.
Esophageal lichen planus: a case report and review of literature
Authors: K S Madhusudhan, Raju Sharma
Journal: Indian J Dermatol (2008)
Keywords: dysphagia, esophageal stricture, lichen planus

Lichen planus is a rare cause of esophagitis and esophageal stricture. It is invariably associated with oral mucosal involvement and the diagnosis has to be considered in these patients who present with dysphagia. We present a case of esophageal stricture secondary to lichen planus.
Acute Sciatic Neuritis following Lumbar Laminectomy
Authors: Foad Elahi, Patrick Hitchon, Chandan G Reddy
Journal: Case Rep Med (2014)

It is commonly accepted that the common cause of acute/chronic pain in the distribution of the lumbosacral nerve roots is the herniation of a lumbar intervertebral disc, unless proven otherwise. The surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is successful in radicular pain and prevents or limits neurological damage in the majority of patients. Recurrence of sciatica after a successful disc surgery can be due to many possible etiologies. In the clinical setting we believe that the term sciatica might be associated with inflammation. We report a case of acute sciatic neuritis presented with significant persistent pain shortly after a successful disc surgery. The patient is a 59-year-old female with complaint of newly onset sciatica after complete pain resolution following a successful lumbar laminectomy for acute disc extrusion. In order to manage the patient's newly onset pain, the patient had multiple pain management visits which provided minimum relief. Persistent sciatica and consistent physical examination findings urged us to perform a pelvic MRI to visualize suspected pathology, which revealed right side sciatic neuritis. She responded to the electrical neuromodulation. Review of the literature on sciatic neuritis shows this is the first case report of sciatic neuritis subsequent to lumbar laminectomy.
Electrical, Hemodynamic, and Motor Activity in BCI Post-stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Case Study
Authors: Alexander A Frolov, Pavel D Bobrov, Elena V Biryukova, Anna V Silchenko, Anna A Kondur, Indiko Z Dzhalagoniya, Jean Massion
Journal: Front Neurol (2018)
Keywords: biomechanics, brain-computer interface, functional magnetic resonance imaging, inverse problem in eeg source localization, rehabilitation, stroke
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The goal of the paper is to present an example of integrated analysis of electrical, hemodynamic, and motor activity accompanying the motor function recovery in a post-stroke patient having an extensive cortical lesion. The patient underwent a course of neurorehabilitation assisted with the hand exoskeleton controlled by brain-computer interface based on kinesthetic motor imagery. The BCI classifier was based on discriminating covariance matrices of EEG corresponding to motor imagery. The clinical data from three successive 2 weeks hospitalizations with 4 and 8 month intervals, respectively were under analysis. The rehabilitation outcome was measured by Fugl-Meyer scale and biomechanical analysis. Both measures indicate prominent improvement of the motor function of the paretic arm after each hospitalization. The analysis of brain activity resulted in three main findings. First, the sources of EEG activity in the intact brain areas, most specific to motor imagery, were similar to the patterns we observed earlier in both healthy subjects and post-stroke patients with mild subcortical lesions. Second, two sources of task-specific activity were localized in primary somatosensory areas near the lesion edge. The sources exhibit independent mu-rhythm activity with the peak frequency significantly lower than that of mu-rhythm in healthy subjects. The peculiarities of the detected source activity underlie changes in EEG covariance matrices during motor imagery, thus serving as the BCI biomarkers. Third, the fMRI data processing showed significant reduction in size of areas activated during the paretic hand movement imagery and increase for those activated during the intact hand movement imagery, shifting the activations to the same level. This might be regarded as the general index of the motor recovery. We conclude that the integrated analysis of EEG, fMRI, and motor activity allows to account for the reorganization of different levels of the motor system and to provide a comprehensive basis for adequate assessment of the BCI+ exoskeleton rehabilitation efficiency.
Multiple Conjunctival Papillomas of Eyelid Margins in Pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Inbal Avisar, Iftach Yassur, Israel Kremer
Journal: Case Rep Ophthalmol Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Ocular involvement in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) ranges from mild conjuctivits to conjunctival blisters and rarely prominent erosions of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva which may be found at the eyelid margin. We report two unusual cases of PV patients presenting with multiple conjunctival papillomatous lesions of the eyelids margins.
Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography to Monitor Disease Progression in Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis
Authors: Aakriti Garg, Joaquin De Rojas, Priya Mathews, Albert Hazan, James Lin, Danielle Trief, Leejee H Suh
Journal: Case Rep Ophthalmol Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report two cases of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) imaged with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The first patient had prolonged nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, while the second had inflammatory arthritis by laboratory findings without any systemic findings as well as possible concurrent tuberculosis. In both patients, AS-OCT demonstrated corneal thinning at the onset of the disease with improvement six months after initiation of intensive medical therapy. Our cases highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach and careful monitoring in PUK cases, especially with objective measures such as corneal thickness assessed with AS-OCT.
Case report: A case of complete clinical response in a patient experiencing high microsatellite instability unresectable colon cancer being treated with a PD-L1 inhibitor after interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Luo Wang, Haibo Mou, Xuehua Hou, Qin Liao
Journal: Front Oncol (2023)
Keywords: msi-h, pd-l1 inhibitor, case report, colon cancer, interstitial lung disease
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically transformed the treatment landscape for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Envafolimab, a novel programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, has been reported to be efficient and safe for the management of advanced MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors. Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC who was treated with envafolimab following mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil) plus bevacizumab. While suffering from interstitial pneumonia after chemotherapy, the patient achieved a complete clinical response with the use of envafolimab without additional adverse events. Thus, PD-L1 inhibitors may be potential candidates for treating patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC.
Endoscopic aspects of gastric syphilis
Authors: Mariana Souza Varella Frazão, Thiago Guimarães Vilaça, Fred Olavo Aragão Andrade Carneiro, Kengo Toma, Carolina Eliane Reina-Forster, Elisa Ryoka Baba, Spencer Cheng, Thiago Ferreira de Souza, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura, Paulo Sakai
Journal: Case Rep Med (2012)

Introduction. Considered as a rare event, gastric syphilis (GS) is reported as an organic form of involvement. Low incidence of GS emphasizes the importance of histopathological analysis. Objective. We aim to characterize GS endoscopic aspects in an immunocompetent patient. Case Report. A 23-year-old man presented with epigastric pain associated with nausea, anorexia, generalized malaise and 11 kg weight loss that started 1 month prior to his clinical consultation. Physical examination was normal except for mild abdominal tenderness in epigastrium. Endoscopy observed diminished gastric expandability and diffuse mucosal lesions, from cardia to pylorus. Gastric mucosa was thickened, friable, with nodular aspect, and associated with ulcers lesions. Gastric biopsies were performed, and histopathological analysis resulted in dense inflammatory infiltration rich in plasmocytes. Syphilis serologies were positive for VDRL and Treponema pallidum reagents. Immunohistochemical tests were positive for Treponema pallidum and CD138. The patient was treated with penicillin, leading to resolution of his clinical complaints and endoscopic findings. Conclusion. Diagnosis suspicion of GS is important in view of its nonspecific presentation. Patients with gastric symptoms that mimic neoplastic disease should be investigated thoroughly based on the fact that clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings can easily be mistaken for lymphoma or plastic linitis.
Patients with secondary amenorrhea due to tuberculosis endometritis towards the induced anti-tuberculosis drug category 1
Authors: Raditya Perdhana, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Yani Jane Sugiri, Siti Candra Windu Baktiyani, Arsana Wiyasa
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2016)
Keywords: tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis drug, secondary amenorrhea
MeSH terms: Amenorrhea / etiology, Antitubercular Agents / administration & dosage, Endometritis / diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Female Genital / diagnosis, Case Reports, Adult, Antitubercular Agents / therapeutic use, Endometritis / drug therapy, Endometritis / microbiology, Female, Humans, Physical Examination, Tuberculosis, Female Genital / complications, Tuberculosis, Female Genital / drug therapy, Antitubercular Agents

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease which can affect various organs, including human's genital organs such as the endometrium. Tuberculosis endometritis can cause clinical symptoms of secondary amenorrhea and infertility. Infertility in genital TB caused by the involvement of the endometrium. The case presentation is 33-year-old woman from dr. Saiful Anwar Public Hospital to consult that she has not menstruated since 5 years ago (28 years old). The diagnosis was done by performing a clinical examination until the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea due to tuberculosis endometritis is obtained. A treatment by using category I of anti-tuberculosis drugs was done for 6 months, afterward an Anatomical Pathology observation found no signs of the tuberculosis symptoms. Based on that, patient, who was diagnosed to have secondary amenorrhea due to tuberculosis endometritis, has no signs of tuberculosis process after being treated by using category I of anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6 months.
Pregnancy complicated with severe recurrent aortic coarctation: a case report
Authors: Celal Yavuz, Hatice Ender Soydinc, Güven Tekbaş, Oguz Karahan
Journal: Case Rep Vasc Med (2012)

A 23-year-old primigravida was referred to our clinic for evaluation of high blood pressure (BP) in her 16th week of gestation. She had an operation to repair congenital aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus 8 years ago. On physical examination the blood pressure in upper extremity was 155/95 and in lower extremity was 90/55 mmHg, and heart rate was 93 beats/min. Transthoracic echocardiography showed narrowing of the descending aorta, the diameter of the aortic arch was 10.60 mm and an echocardiographic gradient was 96 mmHg. During the pregnancy (from 16 weeks to 38 weeks) BP was regulated with metoprolol. Cesarean section delivery was applied at 38 weeks of gestation. There was no complication in postpartum period. Spinal anesthesia application was used for caesarean section intervention and healthy female baby was delivered with the APGAR scores of 10/10. Herein the diagnosis of aortic coarctation is reviewed and the management when found during pregnancy is discussed.
Computed tomographic appearance of transcaval ureter in two dogs and three cats: A novel CVC congenital malformation
Authors: Carlotta Spediacci, Maurizio Longo, Swan Specchi, Pascaline Pey, Silvia Rabba, Eirini Mavraki, Mauro Di Giancamillo, Ioannis Panopoulos
Journal: Front Vet Sci (2022)
Keywords: canine, caudal vena cava malformation, feline, imaging, peri-ureteral venous ring

Transcaval ureter is a rarely reported human congenital malformation of the prerenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) not yet reported in veterinary medicine. The objective of this multicenter retrospective case series study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) features of transcaval ureters in dogs and cats. Patients referring to pre- and post-contrast CT exams of the abdomen and presenting this abnormality were retrospectively included. Multiple qualitative features were described for each ureteral abnormality detected. Three cats and two dogs with transcaval ureter were identified consisting of a segmental duplication of the CVC at the prerenal level creating a vascular ring through which the ureter extended, identified as a double-barrel gun sign. The malformation was divided into two types according to the symmetry of the caval branches and location in relation to the aorta, namely, type I symmetrical branches and right-lateral to the aorta, and type II asymmetrically branches and right-dorsal to the aorta. In one case, the malformation was associated with hydroureter and mild pyelectasis. In three cases, the anomaly was incidental and, in the remaining two cases, the clinical significance was uncertain. This is the first study describing the presence of transcaval ureter in dogs and cats. CT was a suitable method for the diagnosis of transcaval and a focal double-barrel gun sign of the CVC is proposed as the hallmark feature of this anomaly. The clinical relevance of this congenital vascular malformation is unclear and needs to be further investigated.
A Case of Systemic AL Amyloidosis Diagnosed by Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Lynna Alnimer, Ali Zakaria, Jalpa Patel, Yazan Samhouri, Samira Ahsan, Lyle Goldman, Serge Sorser
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Amyloidosis encompasses several diseases associated with deposition of low-molecular-weight proteins in an abnormal configuration. In light-chain amyloidosis (AL), monoclonal free lambda (λ) or kappa (κ) light chains are the amyloid proteins involved and can deposit in almost any organ. Symptoms vary depending on presence and extent of organ involvement, and thus, clinical presentation varies. Diagnosis requires biopsy of the affected tissue, and sometimes, fat pad or bone marrow biopsy is completed initially. Prognosis of AL amyloidosis depends on the presence of cardiac involvement. Treatment of AL amyloidosis involves systemic chemotherapy and evaluation for autologous stem cell transplant. Herein, we present a case report of an asymptomatic middle-aged female who was diagnosed with AL amyloidosis during an average-risk screening colonoscopy, which is an unusual setting. We discuss the workup involved, clinical presentation, and gastroenterology-related organ involvement.
Renal Papillary Necrosis Appearing as Bladder Cancer on Imaging
Authors: Lawrence M Dagrosa, Fady Ghali, Elizabeth Ann Gormley
Journal: J Endourol Case Rep (2016)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 79-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) presented with acute onset left lower quadrant pain, left-sided back pain, vomiting, and dysuria. Abdominopelvic CT scan revealed left hydroureteronephrosis to the level of the left ureterovesical junction (UVJ) where a bladder mass appeared to be obstructing the left ureteral orifice. The obstruction was ultimately found to be the result of a sloughed renal papilla lodged in the distal ureter, which created an inflammatory mass at the UVJ. Her history of diabetes and frequent UTIs likely predisposed her to the development of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) that resulted in sloughing of a renal papilla, distal ureteral obstruction with subsequent bladder inflammation that mimicked a bladder mass on imaging. RPN is a condition associated with many etiologies and likely represents a common final pathway of several diseases. Although several hypotheses exist, it is primarily thought to be ischemic in nature and is related to the underlying physiology of the renal papillae. We present a case of hydroureteronephrosis and bladder mass secondary to a sloughed renal papilla from RPN.