OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
The Role of Left Hemispheric Structures for Emotional Processing as a Monitor of Bodily Reaction and Felt Chill - a Case-Control Functional Imaging Study
Authors: Viktoria Grunkina, Katharina Holtz, Kai Klepzig, Jörg Neubert, Ulrike Horn, Martin Domin, Alfons O Hamm, Martin Lotze
Journal: Front Hum Neurosci (2017)
Keywords: chill response, emotional processing, insula stroke, music, skin conductance response

Background: The particular function of the left anterior human insula on emotional arousal has been illustrated with several case studies. Only after left hemispheric insula lesions, patients lose their pleasure in habits such as listening to joyful music. In functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI) activation in the left anterior insula has been associated with both processing of emotional valence and arousal. Tight interactions with different areas of the prefrontal cortex are involved in bodily response monitoring and cognitive appraisal of a given stimulus. Therefore, a large left hemispheric lesion including the left insula should impair the bodily response of chill experience (objective chill response) but leave the cognitive aspects of chill processing (subjective chill response) unaffected. Methods: We investigated a patient (MC) with a complete left hemispheric media cerebral artery stroke, testing fMRI representation of pleasant (music) and unpleasant (harsh sounds) chill response. Results: Although chill response to both pleasant and unpleasant rated sounds was confirmed verbally at passages also rated as chilling by healthy participants, skin conductance response was almost absent in MC. For a healthy control (HC) objective and subjective chill response was positively associated. Bilateral prefrontal fMRI-response to chill stimuli was sustained in MC whereas insula activation restricted to the right hemisphere. Diffusion imaging together with lesion maps revealed that left lateral tracts were completely damaged but medial prefrontal structures were intact. Conclusion: With this case study we demonstrate how bodily response and cognitive appraisal are differentially participating in the internal monitor of chill response.
Case Report: Congenital Coronary Artery Ring With Single Left Coronary Ostium and Fistula: A Previously Unreported Anatomy
Authors: Shiyuan Tang, Mi Tang, Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu, Jinfu Yang, Chengming Fan
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2021)
Keywords: coronary artery anomalies, coronary artery fistula, coronary artery ring, giant coronary trunk, single coronary ostium
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background: Single coronary ostium concomitant with coronary artery fistula is a very rare congenital anomaly. Apart from that, the combination of a closed loop of the coronary artery has never been reported. Case presentation: Herein, we present a 7-year-old girl diagnosed as single left coronary ostium with a giant coronary trunk, coronary artery to right ventricle fistula, and coronary artery ring. The coronary fistula was surgically ligated with off-pump strategy and the patient discharged on postoperative day 5 and free of symptoms during the 3 years of follow-up. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the presented congenital coronary anomaly is the first to be reported in the literature with the name of congenital coronary artery ring with single left coronary ostium and fistula.
Malignant Transformation of a Borderline Ovarian Tumor With Pulmonary and Pleural Metastases After Years of Latency: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jiang-Wei Ma, Yuan Miao, Chao-Nan Liang, Ning Wang, Bin Jiang, Qiu-Yue Wang, Jian Kang, Gang Hou, Yan Yin
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2020)
Keywords: borderline ovarian tumor, metastasis, pleural biopsy, pulmonary cystic nodules, transbronchial lung biopsy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) refers to a distinct tumor of the ovary of epithelial origin and typically has a favorable prognosis. However, these tumors are not exempt from risks of recurrence and malignant transformation, which can arise from the remaining ovarian tissue, peritoneal implants, or distant localization. Here, we report a case of a mucinous BOT with multiple pulmonary cystic nodules without evidence of pulmonary metastasis even after two fine needle biopsies. Staging surgery was performed, and no evidence of peritoneal implants or invasion to adjacent organs found. At the end of the 7-year monitored follow-up after surgery, the pulmonary lesions were found to be increased in size. The transbronchial lung biopsy and pleural biopsy confirmed transformation into malignant mucinous adenocarcinoma with pleural metastasis. In the current case, we observed potential pulmonary metastasis of the BOT with malignant transformation and a latency as long as 7 years, which reminds us that multiple pulmonary cystic changes in patients with BOTs should be screened carefully to evaluate the pulmonary involvement of BOTs and potentially false-negative results after fine needle biopsy. Thus, a thorough check-up for complete staging of the disease and a close long-term follow-up to monitor potential recurrence and malignant transformation are advised.
Recombinant growth hormone therapy in a girl with Costello syndrome: a 4-year observation
Authors: Ewa Blachowska, Elżbieta Petriczko, Anita Horodnicka-Józwa, Agata Skórka, Magdalena Pelc, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Mieczysław Walczak
Journal: Ital J Pediatr (2016)
MeSH terms: Costello Syndrome / diagnosis, Costello Syndrome / drug therapy, Human Growth Hormone / therapeutic use, Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Recombinant Proteins, Human Growth Hormone

Background:
Costello syndrome is a rare syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies. The typical clinical traits include dysmorphic craniofacial features, skin hyperpigmentation and excess, feeding difficulties leading to severe postnatal growth retardation, short stature, joint hypermobility, and delayed psychomotor development. Additionally, Costello syndrome may present with an increased incidence of congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and increased risk of both benign and malignant tumors. Furthermore, cases of patients with endocrine disorders such as adrenal insufficiency and endogenous growth hormone deficiency have also been documented.
Case presentation:
We present a patient with Costello syndrome who has been successfully treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for almost 4 years.
Conclusions:
The possibility of growth hormone (GH) treatment can be considered in cases of documented GH deficiency in patients with Costello syndrome, but only under close oncologic and cardiologic supervision.
Traumatic Penile Pain: A Case of Dorsal Vein Thrombophlebitis after Intercourse
Authors: Garry J Kennebrew Jr, Benjamin Daggett, Reis B Ritz
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Dorsal Vein thrombosis, also known as Mondor's disease of the penis, is a superficial thrombophlebitis first described in the literature by Falco in 1955. Mondor's disease refers to a superficial thrombophlebitis of any locale. Diagnosis can be made clinically with palpation of a mobile, cord-like thickening on dorsum of penis without associated evidence of inflammation, infection, or dermatologic changes. Bedside ultrasonography with color Doppler can aid in the diagnosis of penile thrombophlebitis by revealing a noncompressible superficial vessel with normal surrounding flow. The following case presentation details the etiology, diagnosis, and management of a particularly rare disease process.
Oral Alendronate Treatment for Severe Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia due to McCune-Albright Syndrome in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Ana Luiza Andrade Aragão, Ivani Novato Silva
Journal: Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2010)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) associated to McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) often leads to fractures, deformities, and bone pain resulting in bad quality of life. Parenteral bisphosphonates have been used in children and adolescents to improve these symptoms with few adverse effects. We evaluated the response to oral Alendronate in a girl with severe MAS FD and observed improved quality of life with reduction of bone pain.
Respiratory tract infection of fatal severe human bocavirus 1 in a 13-month-old child: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jing Liao, Zhongying Yang, Yu He, Jianhua Wei, Luo Ren, Enmei Liu, Na Zang
Journal: Front Pediatr (2022)
Keywords: stat1 variant, children, human bocavirus 1, respiratory, severe infection
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and it is acknowledged that HBoV1 is a respiratory pathogen. We report the case of a 13-month-old boy who presented with a cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, and who eventually died of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) showed that HBoV1 was the only detected pathogen. The nasopharyngeal aspirate viral load was 2.08 × 1010 copies/ml and the serum viral load was 2.37 × 105 copies/ml. The child was still oxygen deficient under mechanical ventilation. Chest imaging suggested diffuse lesions in both lungs, an injury caused by ARDS. In this case, the clinical symptoms and signs of the child, the high viral load, viremia, and the detection of mNGS in the tracheal aspirate all supported that HBoV1 could cause severe acute respiratory tract infection in children without other pathogen infections.
Triple Threat: Significant Concomitant Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Stenosis, and Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve Causing Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Katelyn Glines, J W Awori Hayanga, Christina Gibson, Mohamad El Churafa, Lawrence Wei, Heather K Hayanga
Journal: Case Rep Anesthesiol (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) describes a pathologic condition of the mitral valve in which the anterior leaflet is displaced anteriorly, resulting in a narrowed left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). The implications of SAM may range in severity from clinically insignificant disease to severe LVOT obstruction resulting in hemodynamic collapse. While SAM is typically observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or following mitral valve repair, it may be seen in any setting in which the anatomy and function of the left ventricle has been altered. Here we discuss two patients who presented for aortic and mitral valve replacements for concomitant aortic and mitral stenosis. These cases were further complicated by the preoperative diagnosis of SAM in addition to the preexisting valvular lesions, further increasing the risk of sudden hemodynamic collapse and cardiac arrest.
Acute Liver Injury Associated with Khat Use in a 24-Year-Old Male
Authors: Mara Waters, Adam Oxner, Sigmund Krajden, Richard Sultanian
Journal: Case Reports Hepatol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Chewing khat leaves (Catha edulis) is common cultural practice in Eastern African countries. Khat has been implicated in cases of acute liver injury, sometimes leading to liver failure and requiring transplantation. We report the case of a 24-year-old gentleman presenting with symptoms of acute liver failure. Bloodwork demonstrated hepatocyte-predominant liver injury. Microbiological and serological hepatitis panels were negative, and his liver biopsy demonstrated acute cholestatic hepatitis. He admitted to regular khat use for several years prior to his presentation. His liver function tests improved with cessation of khat use. This is the first reported case of acute khat-associated hepatitis in Canada. Considering cultural practices such as khat chewing in presentations of acute liver injury are important when caring for diverse patient populations.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: Successful Parathyroidectomy during First Trimester
Authors: Niranjan Tachamo, Bidhya Timilsina, Rashmi Dhital, Theresa Lynn, Vasudev Magaji, Ilan Gabriely
Journal: Case Rep Endocrinol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy can result in significant maternal and fetal complications. When indicated, prompt parathyroidectomy in the early second trimester is considered the treatment of choice. Pregnant patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who have an indication for parathyroidectomy during the first trimester represent a therapeutic challenge. We present the case of a 32-year-old primigravida who presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia from her primary hyperparathyroidism. She remained symptomatic despite aggressive conservative management and underwent parathyroidectomy in her first trimester with excellent outcomes.
Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma with Right Atrial Involvement in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zachary Benson, Sarah Gordon, Patricia Nicolato, Andrew Poklepovic
Journal: Case Rep Oncol Med (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Prognosis for metastatic melanoma has improved significantly with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Given improvements in survival, aggressive surgical treatment may be considered in patients with life-threatening complications from their disease that would not otherwise be considered in advanced disease. Patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases or prior immune-related adverse events from therapy are largely excluded from clinical trials. Concerns exist that immunotherapy in these patients could worsen autoimmune disease or increase the risk of developing additional immune-related adverse events on therapy. We present a case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis that presented with obstructive heart failure secondary to melanoma that had metastasized to the right atrium. After aggressive surgical resection to stabilize him from his life-threatening heart failure, he was treated with ipilimumab, which was stopped due to an immune-related adverse event. He was then started on pembrolizumab and had a durable response to therapy. Aggressive surgical treatment should be considered in patients with a cancer that may respond to immunotherapy. Furthermore, some patients with preexisting autoimmune disease may be safely treated with checkpoint inhibition therapy, and patients with a severe immune toxicity from one class may successfully be treated with an alternate class.
Case Report: Changes in Cytokine Kinetics During the Course of Disease in a Japanese Patient With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Satoshi Takasago, Aiko Sakai, Masaya Sugiyama, Masashi Mizokami, Hiromichi Hamada, Yukihito Ishizaka, Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama, Akihiro Matsunaga, Mikako Ueno, Hiroyuki Shichino, Ayumi Mizukami
Journal: Front Pediatr (2021)
Keywords: covid-19, kawasaki disease, mis-c, pims-ts, sars-cov-2, case report, cytokine
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe disease that is reportedly linked to coronavirus disease 2019. Affected patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular dysfunction, in addition to Kawasaki disease-like features, suggesting the potential for overlapping disease mechanisms. Kawasaki disease has been reported among individuals of East Asian ethnicities, whereas there is minimal clinical literature regarding the occurrence of MIS-C among individuals of Asian ethnicities. A few reports thus far have described changes in cytokine kinetics during the course of disease in patients with MIS-C. We followed the temporal cytokine kinetics in a 9-year-old Japanese girl who exhibited a classical trajectory of MIS-C. The patient exhibited right cervical swelling and pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, and lip reddening, which developed 31 days after she was diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The patient was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease on her fifth day of illness; because she fulfilled the criteria for MIS-C, she was also diagnosed with this disease on her fifth day of illness. Her fever rapidly resolved upon administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, and prednisolone. On the patient's sixth day of illness, she developed acute myocarditis, which was treated with two diuretics and one vasodilator; the myocarditis ameliorated within a few days. Analyses of temporal kinetics for 71 serum cytokines revealed several patterns of cytokine changes that were consistent with the patient's clinical course of disease. Importantly, there was a clear distinction between cytokines that did and did not decrease rapidly following post-treatment fever resolution. These findings may be useful for the assessment of disease status and selection of therapy in patients with similar symptoms; they may also provide insights for basic and clinical research regarding MIS-C.
The first case of 38,XX (SRY-positive) disorder of sex development in a cat
Authors: Izabela Szczerbal, Monika Stachowiak, Stanislaw Dzimira, Krystyna Sliwa, Marek Switonski
Journal: Mol Cytogenet (2015)
Keywords: cat, dsd, disorder of sex development, intersexuality, sry, translocation x-y, x chromosome inactivation
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
SRY-positive XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD) caused by X;Y translocations was not yet reported in domestic animals. In humans it is rarely diagnosed and a majority of clinical features resemble those which are typical for Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Here we describe the first case of SRY-positive XX DSD in a tortoiseshell cat with a rudimentary penis and a lack of scrotum.
Results:
Molecular analysis showed the presence of two Y-linked genes (SRY and ZFY) and a normal sequence of the SRY gene. Application of classical cytogenetic techniques revealed two X chromosomes (38,XX), but further FISH studies with the use of the whole X chromosome painting probe and BAC probes specific to the Yp chromosome facilitated identification of Xp;Yp translocation. The SRY gene was localised at a distal position of Xp. The karyotype of the studied case was described as: 38,XX.ish der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;p12)(SRY+). Moreover, the X inactivation status assessed by a sequential R-banding and FISH with the SRY-specific probe showed a random inactivation of the derivative X(SRY) chromosome.
Conclusions:
Our study showed that among DSD tortoiseshell cats, apart from XXY trisomy and XX/XY chimerism, also SRY-positive XX cases may occur. It is hypothesized that the extremely rare occurrence of this abnormality in domestic animals, when compared with humans, may be associated with a different organisation of the Yp arm in these species.
Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis: A Presentation of Multi-Institutional Cases to Promote Early Diagnosis and Management of the Disease
Authors: Ashwinee Natu, Guiseppe Iuppa, Clifford D Packer
Journal: Case Reports Hepatol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective:
To compare three cases of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis to increase early diagnosis of the disease. Case 1. A 23-year-old man with Crohn's disease and oral HSV. HSV hepatitis was diagnosed clinically and he improved with acyclovir. Case 2. An 18-year-old G1P0 woman with transaminitis. Despite early empiric acyclovir therapy, she died due to fulminant liver failure. Case 3. A 65-year-old woman who developed transaminitis after liver transplant. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and she had resolution of acute liver failure with acyclovir.
Conclusion:
It is imperative that clinicians be aware of patients at high risk for developing HSV hepatitis to increase timely diagnosis and prevent morbidity and fatality.
Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Following Open-Heart Surgery, the Heater-Cooler Unit Worldwide Outbreak: Case Report and Minireview
Authors: Emmanuel Lecorche, Gauthier Pean de Ponfilly, Faiza Mougari, Hanaa Benmansour, Elodie Poisnel, Frederic Janvier, Emmanuelle Cambau
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2020)
Keywords: hcu, ntm, cardiac surgery, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, spondylodiscitis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Invasive cardiovascular infections by Mycobacterium chimaera associated with open-heart surgery have been reported worldwide since 2013. Here, we report a case of a 61 year old man, without any other particular medical background, who underwent cardiac surgery for replacing part of the ascending aorta by a bio-prosthetic graft. Eighteen months later, the patient was painful at the lower back with fever. A pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis due to M. chimaera associated to graft infection was diagnosed after 6 months of sub-acute infection. The patient presented a disseminated disease with cerebral lesions, chorioretinitis, and chronic renal failure. Despite adequate antimicrobial treatment and graft explantation, the patient died after 6 years. We reviewed the literature on M. chimaera infections associated with open-heart surgery. The worldwide outbreak has been explained by airborne bioaerosol generated by the 3T heater-cooler unit (HCU) used during cardiac by-pass surgical procedures. These infections are difficult to diagnose because of a long latency period (up to several years), with no specific symptoms and a highly specialized microbiological diagnosis. The treatment is based on antibiotics and surgery. These infections are also difficult to treat, since the mortality rate is high around 50%. Prevention is necessary by modifying the use of HCUs in operating rooms.
Effects of tDCS on Depression and Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Brain Function Imaging Case Report
Authors: Yuwei Wu, Lin Tang, Xiaolong Shi, Zhiqing Zhou, Yuanli Li, Chunlei Shan
Journal: Front Neurol (2022)
Keywords: depression, fmri, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, generalized anxiety disorder, transcranial direct current stimulation
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven effective for neuropsychiatric disorders. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression are common psychiatric disorders that often are comorbid, meaning they occur simultaneously. Current evidence supports the value of tDCS for GAD. The objectives of this report is to explore the effect of tDCS on clinical symptoms and cerebral function in a patient with comorbid GAD and depression.
Methods:
Our subject was a semiprofessional athlete diagnosed with comorbid GAD and depression. Symptoms included palpitations, sweating, continuous tension, and anxiety. We designed a B-A-B experimental protocol and used the Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), Beck Depression Index (BDI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as assessment tools. Treatment consisted of 2 series of 15 days each, separated by a 3-week washout period. We collected functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data before and after both series, as well as fNIRS data immediately after the first treatment in both series. In addition, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data before and after the second series.
Results:
After the first series, the scores of the three questionnaires (BAI, BDI and PSQI) decreased significantly, which showed the trend of improvement. The functional connection of bilateral prefrontal partial channels decreased significantly immediately after tDCS treatment. The results of the fNIRS before the second-series treatment showed that prefrontal connectivity returned to the state before the first intervention after the washout period. The results of the fNIRS after the second series treatment showed that the symptoms of depression and anxiety alleviated. The results of the fNIRS showed that the prefrontal connectivity decreased again.
Conclusion:
In the treatment of comorbid GAD and depression, tDCS can alleviate symptoms and improve sleep quality and social behavior. Brain imaging is widely used to observe functional changes by tDCS such as fMRI and fNIRS. The study also showed that fNIRS can be a safe, simple, and efficient method to assess brain activity.