OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
HIV and/or AIDS awareness among adolescents in a South African at-risk rural community
Authors: Simon Taukeni, Ronel Ferreira
Journal: South Afr J HIV Med (2016)

Background:
The devastating effects of HIV and/or AIDS are widely documented. Despite ongoing efforts to address the challenges associated with the pandemic, the impact on children orphaned because of the disease, as well as on adolescents, remains problematic. More specifically, orphaned adolescents living in poverty are particularly vulnerable and are often exposed to, for example, emotional and physical abuse and transactional sexual exploitation. Against this background, the importance of informed awareness among adolescents is continually emphasised, yet the outcomes of awareness campaigns require ongoing research.
Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to explore HIV and/or AIDS awareness among adolescents living in a rural community in South Africa, in the Chris Hani District of the Eastern Cape Province. Sixteen adolescents (aged 12-24) who had lost one or both of their parents because of HIV and/or AIDS-related reasons were purposefully selected to participate in the study.
Method:
For this qualitative investigation, we implemented a descriptive case study design. Semi-structured individual interviews, observation and field notes were used to collect and document data, and inductive thematic analysis was completed using the software programme Atlas.ti 7.
Results:
The three themes that were identified relate to HIV and/or AIDS awareness, disclosure of parents' HIV and/or AIDS status and experiences of adolescents surrounding the death of their parents. Adolescents of the community viewed HIV and/or AIDS as an infectious disease that can lead to death; however, this can be prevented by avoiding at-risk sexual behaviour. Schools and family members were the main sources of information regarding HIV and/or AIDS to the participants. Even though parents tended not to disclose their HIV and/or AIDS status, adolescents became aware of their parents' status when reading about this on their parents' medical report cards or when being told about the status by others following the death of their parents. For adolescents, their parents' deaths were associated with the parents being chronically ill or showing visible signs of deterioration such as weight loss.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that even though current campaigns and informative interventions have seemingly succeeded in ensuring HIV and/or AIDS awareness among adolescents - also those in remote areas - continued educational campaigns are important. Such initiatives may prove to be beneficial by focusing on ways that parents can discuss HIV and/or AIDS-related issues with their children and disclose an HIV-positive status.
A successfully resected case of left trisectionectomy with arterio-portal combined resection for advanced cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Atsushi Nanashima, Naoya Imamura, Masahide Hiyoshi, Koichi Yano, Takeomi Hamada, Teru Chiyotanda, Kenzo Nagatomo, Rouko Hamada, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2018)
Keywords: careful managements, combined vascular resection, left trisectionectomy

Introduction:
The present case report demonstrated the successfully radical operation (R0) for the highly advanced cholangiocarcinoma involving hilar hepatic arteries and portal vein, The careful preoperative diagnosis to define the adequate resection area and the expert operation was achieved without postoperative severe complications.
Presentation of case:
A 55-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with obstructive jaundice, and the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PC) was found. At the time of finding PC, enhanced computed tomography showed the widely extension and involved the surrounding right hepatic artery (RHA) and bilateral portal veins (PV). According to extension of PC, left trisectionectomy combined resection of RHA and PV trunk was scheduled. By supporting plastic surgeon's procedure, the scheduled R0 operation could be achieved and the patient was discharged without any severe complication but delayed intrahepatic abscess formation. After abscess drainage, he could immediately recovered and tumor relapse was not observed for a couple of months. By carefully preoperative examination, a complicated operation was successfully completed.
Discussion:
The major hepatectomy with arterio-portal resections and anastomosis for advanced has been challenged at the high-volume center and the improvement of survival seemed to be obtained and, however, operative risk is still remained. This operation could be achieved by the expert surgeons under precise planning or management.
Conclusion:
The role of HBP surgeons is to challenge aggressive surgery even for patients with highly advanced local extension of PC.
A Rare Complication following Thyroid Percutaneous Ethanol Injection: Plummer Adenoma
Authors: Roberto Cesareo, Anda Mihaela Naciu, Valerio Pasqualini, Giuseppe Pelle, Silvia Manfrini, Gaia Tabacco, Angelo Lauria Pantano, Alessandro Casini, Roberto Cianni, Andrea Palermo
Journal: Case Rep Endocrinol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is a technique used only for benign thyroid nodules, cystic or mixed cystic-solid with a large fluid component. It is a quite low-cost, safe, and outpatient method of treatment. Rare and severe complications have been described after PEI: jugular vein thrombosis and severe ethanol toxic necrosis of the larynx combined with necrotic dermatitis. Moreover, only four thyrotoxicosis cases due to Graves' disease have been reported. We report a case of 58-year-old female with a voluminous thyroid cystic nodule, occupying almost the entire left thyroid lobe. Our patient had already performed surgical visit and intervention of thyroidectomy had been proposed to her, which she refused. At baseline, our patient has a normal thyroid function with negative autoantibodies. According to the nodular structure, intervention of PEI has been performed with a significant improvement of compressive symptoms and cosmetic disorders. About 30 days after treatment, there was a significant volume reduction, but patient developed an acclaimed symptomatic thyrotoxicosis. After ruling out several causes of hyperthyroidism and according to the thyroid scintigraphy findings, we made the diagnosis of Plummer adenoma. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of Plummer adenoma following PEI treatment of nontoxic thyroid nodule.
Metastatic Melanoma of the Gallbladder in an Asymptomatic Patient
Authors: Asad Khan, Sejal Patel, Daniel J Zaccarini, Mary McGrath
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Malignant Melanoma (MM) is among the most dangerous malignancies with some of the least known survival rates. Melanoma most commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, the lungs, and brain. Metastatic disease of the gallbladder (GB) is exceptionally rare making it difficult to diagnose. The fact that typically patients do not present until they are symptomatic-only after widespread metastatic disease has already occurred-is further complicating the diagnosis of MM of the GB. For this reason, MM of the GB is rarely discovered in living patients. In fact, review of the literature showed only 40 instances in which metastatic disease of the GB was reported in living patients. We describe the presentation and management of a patient who had metastatic disease of the GB. However, our case is unique because his malignancy was discovered incidentally while he was asymptomatic. He was successfully treated with an open cholecystectomy. We have presented this case in order to make the necessity of meticulous investigation of potential metastasis in patients with a known history of cutaneous melanoma clear.
Rupture of Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Caused by Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse Wrist
Authors: Takahito Kojima, Masataka Yasuda, Shunpei Hama, Makoto Fukuda, Kenta Minato
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient with extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture associated with a scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist. He could not actively extend the left thumb interphalangeal joint and visited our institution for an examination. Plain X-rays revealed advanced stage SNAC and an enlarged soft tissue shadow owing to dorsal ridge growth. The patient was diagnosed with EPL tendon subcutaneous rupture due to SNAC. During surgery, the EPL tendon was found to be absent, a proximal-type scaphoid nonunion was detected, and bone growth to the dorsal part of the dorsal ridge was observed. Considering that the EPL tendon rupture was associated with the bone growth, we performed scaphoid lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) reconstruction and extensor indicis proprius tendon transfer which needed a revision tendon surgery afterward. To the best of our knowledge, EPL tendon ruptures caused by SLAC or SNAC are considered rare and have not yet been reported.
A Modified Enucleation and Deflation to Treat Large Ameloblastoma in the Mandible
Authors: Andi Setiawan Budihardja, Bakhrul Lutfianto
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective:
Treatment of large ameloblastoma with a conservative method. Case Presentation. Ameloblastomas are benign tumors of odontogenic origin. These tumors are locally invasive with a high recurrence rate. This case report will present a conservative approach to treating large ameloblastoma in the mandible using modified enucleation and deflation technique. The patient presents with a recurrence of large unicystic ameloblastoma. The following patient is treated with the two-stage enucleation and deflation technique. One-year post-treatment follow-up shows satisfactory healing, with good bone regeneration in the defected area, showing no signs of recurrence.
Conclusion:
The technique that will be discussed in this case report provides an alternative treatment for ameloblastomas of the mandible. This approach can avoid radical operative procedures, such as jaw resection and bone reconstruction.
Intraosseous lipoma of the sphenoid: a case study
Authors: Zygmunt Jamrozik, Grzegorz Rosiak, Biruta Kierdaszuk, Krzysztof Milczarek, Anna Kamińska, Dorota Dziewulska, Antoni Krzeski
Journal: Case Rep Neurol Med (2013)

Intraosseous lipoma is very rare, usually benign tumor of flat bones. However, the localization in skull bones is described in sporadic cases. The differential diagnosis includes end stage of infection, infarct lesions, intraosseous meningioma, angiolipoma, or myxofibrous tumors. We report a patient with intraosseous lipoma located in the sphenoid bone. The diagnosis was established due to the characteristic radiological features. According to the history of seizures, the lesion was removed via endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathological examination showed adipocytes. The patient underwent control neuroimaging studies.
Dandy Walker-like malformation in an adult cat with seizures: clinical description and MRI characteristics
Authors: Sara Formoso, Hannah Padley, Lisa Alves
Journal: JFMS Open Rep (2023)
Keywords: cns, feline epilepsy, ataxia, cerebellum, forebrain, hypoplasia, vermis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Case summary:
A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of a 10-month history of self-limiting, generalised tonic-clonic seizures. The cat was reported to be normal interictally but had always had a static abnormal gait. General physical examination was unremarkable. Neuroanatomical localisation was compatible with a diffuse cerebellar and diffuse forebrain lesion. Complete blood count, biochemistry, bile acid stimulation test, urinalysis, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, Toxoplasma gondii serology and T gondii polymerase chain reaction in CSF were all unremarkable. MRI revealed an abnormal caudal fossa, absent cerebellar vermis and small cerebellar hemisphere with distension of the fourth ventricle. There were no forebrain abnormalities identified in the MRI or CSF changes that could justify the seizures. Considering the clinical presentation, the cat's neurological examination and MRI features, a presumptive diagnosis of Dandy Walker-like malformation (DWLM) and epilepsy of unknown aetiology was made.
Relevance and novel information:
This is the first case report of an adult cat diagnosed with cerebellar malformation resembling DWLM and concomitant seizures, its MRI characteristics and long-term follow-up. The 3-year follow-up consultation revealed static neurological status with 2-4 seizures per year. The cat's quality of life remained good at the time of writing.
Infective Endocarditis in a Young Adult due to Lactococcus lactis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: G Georgountzos, C Michopoulos, C Grivokostopoulos, M Kolosaka, N Vlassopoulou, A Lekkou
Journal: Case Rep Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a condition mainly associated with valvular disease or prosthetic valve and intravenous drug use as a risk factor. Here, we describe a rare case of a previously healthy patient with endocarditis due to Lactococcus lactis associated with cattle contact, where antibiotic treatment resulted in full recovery.
A Case of Twisted Ovarian Dermoid Cyst During Pregnancy
Authors: Anupama V Dhobale, Mangesh G Kohale, Sagar V Jha, Nandkishor J Bankar, Pratima Khatake
Journal: Cureus (2023)
Keywords: adnexal, cystic teratoma, dermoid cyst, ectopic pregnancy, laprotomy, ovarian cyst torsion, sebaceous
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Ovarian cysts are common during pregnancy as an outcome of routine prenatal ultrasounds. Although most cases are benign, complications, such as torsion, rupture, and malignant changes, can occur. Torsion risk increases fivefold during pregnancy. It is extremely hazardous to expectant mothers and unborn children. In a rural health tertiary center, we report the case of a 23-year-old primigravida with 14 weeks of pregnancy presented with acute abdomen and nausea, vomiting for four hours. On ultrasonography, she was diagnosed with a 14 cm × 11 cm left dermoid cyst. She underwent a laprotomy, and a twisted dermoid cyst was found; therefore, a left oophorectomy was performed with consent. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of a dermoid cyst. She is regularly followed up at our center with a healthy intrauterine fetus growing within. Although antepartum surgical intervention has been proven safe, there are some risks associated with abdominal surgery for both pregnant women and their unborn children. As a result, the management strategy must be chosen based on a risk-benefit analysis of adnexal mass characterization and gestational age.
Myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni colitis: a case report
Authors: Oussama Daboussi, Salamata Diallo, Boundia Djiba, Mamadou Ngoné Gueye
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2020)
Keywords: campylobacter jejuni, colitis, myocarditis
MeSH terms: Campylobacter Infections / complications, Campylobacter jejuni / isolation & purification, Colitis / complications, Myocarditis / diagnosis, Case Reports, Adult, Biomarkers / metabolism, Campylobacter Infections / diagnosis, Campylobacter Infections / microbiology, Chest Pain / etiology, Colitis / diagnosis, Colitis / microbiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Myocarditis / microbiology, Biomarkers

Myocarditis is a rare complication of acute diarrhea due to Campylobacter Jejuni infection. We present the case of 25-year-old male who presented with campylobacter jejuni colitis who subsequently had chest pain and elevated cardiac biomarkers. The patient developed acute myocarditis confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Intergenerational differences in the urban vibrancy of TOD: Impacts of the built environment on the activities of different age groups
Authors: Bingjie Yu, Xu Cui, Runze Liu, Pinyang Luo, Fangzhou Tian, Tian Yang
Journal: Front Public Health (2022)
Keywords: tod, built environment, intergenerational differences, metro, mobile phone signaling data, urban vibrancy
MeSH terms: Built Environment, Residence Characteristics, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adolescent, Aged, China, Costs and Cost Analysis, Housing, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been regarded as an effective way to improve urban vibrancy and facilitate affordable, equitable, and livable communities in metro station areas (MSAs). Previous studies placed great attention on the interplay between the MSA-level built environment and overall human activities while neglecting the heterogeneity among different age groups. To address this gap, we leverage the mobile phone signaling data to quantify the spatio-temporal distribution of the MSA-level human activities among different age groups as measured by the vibrancy index (VI). Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the MSA-level built environment on the VI and its intergenerational differences by employing multiple linear regressions based on multi-sourced data. To this end, Chengdu-a TOD-thriving megacity in China-is chosen as a case study. The results indicate that: (1) Residential and bus stop density are positively associated with the VI. And the magnitudes of the correlation coefficients are similar among different age groups. (2) Distance to CBD is negatively associated with the VI of teenagers (12-18 years), middle-aged adults (40-59 years), and older adults (above 60 years) but unrelated to the VI of young adults (19-39 years). (3) Employment density is positively associated with the VI of young and middle-aged adults but insignificantly associated with the VI of teenagers and older adults. (4) The correlations between the floor area ratio and the VI are positive for all age groups. As age increases, the significance of such correlations becomes more pronounced. (5) Streetscape greenery shows a more significant positive correlation with the VI of teenagers and older adults as compared to those of young and middle-aged adults. (6) Significant negative correlations exist between housing price and the VI of different age groups. The findings can inform the development and design of vibrant TOD communities.
His-Bundle Pacing in a Patient with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation-Induced Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Jonathan Sen, Michael Mok, Mark Perrin
Journal: Case Rep Cardiol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective intervention for severe aortic stenosis in patients at intermediate or high surgical risk, but damage to the native conduction system such as left bundle branch block (LBBB) may offset its benefits. New onset LBBB is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. His-bundle pacing (HBP) may be useful to treat TAVI-induced LBBB but has yet to be reported. We present the case of a 76-year-old man with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis treated with TAVI. His preoperative electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with a narrow QRS complex. Insertion of a CoreValve Evolut R transcatheter aortic valve was uneventful apart from the development of LBBB with a long PR interval. A dual-lead DDD pacemaker was implanted via the left cephalic vein on the following day. HV was mildly prolonged at 60 ms. Capture of the proximal His restored AV synchrony without correction of LBBB. Repositioning of the lead with capture of the left bundle branch enabled complete ventricular resynchronisation with a single lead. Our case demonstrates that LBBB in the setting of TAVI may be corrected by HBP.
Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment
Authors: Taísa Boamorte Raveli, Dirceu Barnabé Raveli, Kelei Cristina de Mathias Almeida, Ary Dos Santos Pinto
Journal: Open Dent J (2017)
Keywords: adult tooth loss, biomechanics, molar uprighting, orthodontic appliances, tooth movement
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement.
Case description:
A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure.
Practical implications:
Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.
Anti-GBM disease after nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a patient expressing HLA DR15 major histocompatibility antigens: a case report
Authors: Emma O'Hagan, Tamara Mallett, Mairead Convery, Karl McKeever
Journal: Clin Nephrol Case Stud (2015)
Keywords: hla drb15, anti-gbm, antiglomerular, nephrectomy, pediatric
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease is uncommon in the pediatric population. There are no cases in the literature describing the development of anti-GBM disease following XGP or nephrectomy. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy with no past history of urological illness, treated with antimicrobials and nephrectomy for diffuse, unilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). Renal function and ultrasound scan of the contralateral kidney postoperatively were normal. Three months later, the child represented in acute renal failure with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis requiring hemodialysis. Renal biopsy showed severe crescentic glomerulonephritis with 95% of glomeruli demonstrating circumferential cellular crescents. Strong linear IgG staining of the glomerular basement membranes was present, in keeping with anti-GBM disease. Circulating anti-GBM antibodies were positive. Treatment with plasma exchange, methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide led to normalization of anti-GBM antibody titers. Frequency of hemodialysis was reduced as renal function improved, and he is currently independent of dialysis with estimated glomerular filtration rate 20.7 mls/min/1.73 m2. Case studies in the adult literature have reported the development of a rapidly progressive anti-GBM antibody-induced glomerulonephritis following renal surgery where patients expressed HLA DR2/HLA DR15 major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. Of note, our patient also expresses the HLA DR15 MHC antigen.