OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Primary Intracranial Leiomyosarcoma Secondary to Glioblastoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liyan Zhao, Yining Jiang, Yubo Wang, Yang Bai, Ying Sun, Yunqian Li
Journal: Front Oncol (2021)
Keywords: genetic diagnosis, glioblastoma, leiomyosarcoma, primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma, prognosis, treatment
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Leiomyosarcoma is a highly malignant soft-tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis. In recent years, treatment for leiomyosarcoma has not shown much progress. Primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma (PILMS) is a much rarer type of neoplasm, which occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients. PILMS cases reported in the literature are scarce and treatment strategy and prognosis are still under debate. In this study, a case of PILMS secondary to the total resection of giant cell glioblastoma is reported.
Case description:
A 38-year-old male was hospitalized with a three-month history of a temporal opisthotic bump. His medical history included a total resection of a tumor located in the right temporal lobe performed 4 years earlier. Pathological examination led to a diagnosis of giant cell glioblastoma, and the patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy with temozolomide for 6 weeks plus simultaneous radiotherapy with 63.66 Gary. Four years later, during regular follow-up, a preoperative MRI brain scan resulted in a well-defined signal pointing out two nodule-like features located at the right temporal lobe and subcutaneous soft tissue, respectively, and near the area where the previous giant cell glioblastoma was located. The mass was completely removed by a transtemporal approach and postoperative pathology revealed that the mass was a leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy and no recurrence occurred until now.
Conclusions:
To date, research on soft-tissue sarcoma, especially PILMS, has not made much progress, and a limited number of studies have provided few details on the management of PILMS. The treatment of choice for PILMS is aggressive multimodal treatment based on total tumor resection and radiotherapy. Moreover, systemic treatment with chemotherapy and targeted therapy, such as olaratumab, as well as further research still needs to be performed as many questions are left unanswered. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a case of PILMS secondary to glioblastoma, which might serve as a potential reference for clinicians and clinical studies.
Streptococcus mitis/oralis Corneal Ulcer in a Patient with Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Unusual Route
Authors: Mustafa Jaffry, Mark Lister
Journal: Case Rep Ophthalmol Med (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Purpose:
To report a case of Streptococcus mitis oralis (S. mitis/oralis) corneal ulcer in a patient with a possible preventable cause.
Methods:
Cultures were obtained from a 64-year-old woman with a 3.5 mm × 5 mm corneal ulcer with hypopyon in the left eye.
Results:
Culture reports demonstrated the growth of S. mitis/oralis, a commensal organism of the oral flora. Fortified vancomycin 5% eye drops were started, and the patient was counseled on the rarity of the bacteria as an etiology of corneal ulcers. On the return visit, the patient, who works in a doctor's office, volunteered information that the preservative free artificial tear vials that she used were difficult to open because of her hand deformity due to rheumatoid arthritis; thus, she had to bite the vials open.
Conclusions:

S. mitis/oralis is an organism commonly found in the mouth but is rarely found in the eye. We report a unique case of an immunocompromised patient with rheumatoid arthritis, severe dry eye, and a history of multiple episodes of keratolysis, who developed a corneal ulcer from a rare pathogen, with a plausible and preventable route of infection.
Endobronchial Foreign Body Presenting as Exacerbation of Asthma
Authors: James E Tsang, June Sun, Gaik C Ooi, Kenneth W Tsang
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Airway foreign bodies are a leading cause of death among children and require urgent recognition by medical personnel. While most cases are diagnosed readily from a clinical history of acute respiratory distress, some cases remain more indolent and present later. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who aspirated a "LEGO" toy and presented with a week history of increasing respiratory distress compatible with known asthma. Despite a normal chest X-ray, a low-dose computed tomography showed the presence of a foreign body in the left main bronchus, which was subsequently removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Our case serves to reemphasize the importance of considering airway foreign bodies as a cause of respiratory distress, especially in young children.
Successful Handling of Disseminated BCG Disease in a Child with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Sílvia Bacalhau, Cristina Freitas, Rosalina Valente, Deolinda Barata, Conceição Neves, Katrin Schäfer, Annelie Lubatschofski, Ansgar Schulz, João Farela Neves
Journal: Case Rep Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

In high-burden countries, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is administered in newborn to prevent severe Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Because life-threatening disseminated BCG disease may occur in children with primary immunodeficiency, vaccination strategy against tuberculosis should be redefined in non-high-burden countries. We report the case of a patient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who developed disseminated BCG disease, highlighting the specific strategies adopted.
Transient global amnesia associated with a unilateral infarction of the fornix: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mihir Gupta, Molly A Kantor, Christie E Tung, Niushen Zhang, Gregory W Albers
Journal: Front Neurol (2015)
Keywords: amnesia, brain, brain infarction, fornix, stroke, transient global

Stroke is an extremely uncommon cause of transient global amnesia (TGA). Unilateral lesions of the fornix rarely cause amnesia and have not previously been reported to be associated with the distinctive amnesic picture of TGA. We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with acute onset, recent retrograde, and anterograde amnesia characteristic of TGA. Serial magnetic resonance imaging showed a persistent focal infarction of the body and left column of the fornix, without acute lesions in the hippocampus or other structures. Amnesia resolved in 6 h. Infarction of the fornix should thus be included in the differential diagnosis of TGA, as it changes the management of this otherwise self-limited syndrome.
Low molecular weight heparin-induced skin necrosis: a case report
Authors: Anastasios Katsourakis, George Noussios, George Kapoutsis, Efthimios Chatzitheoklitos
Journal: Case Rep Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are the standard agents used for antithrombotic therapy and prophylaxis. Despite their widespread use, reports about adverse effects from LMWHs are very scarce. Heparin-induced skin necrosis at the injection site is a rare adverse effect, more commonly associated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) rather than with LMWH, while its mechanism remains unclear. This paper deals with the enoxaparin induced skin necrosis.
A foreign body in inguinal canal: A case report
Authors: Amer Hashim Al Ani, Mohammad Bakri Hammami, Obaidah M Mukhles Adi
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2018)
Keywords: case study, complications, foreign body, inguinal canal, retained item

Introduction:
Inguinal bladder hernias are rare incidents accounting for 1-3% of all inguinal hernia. Most of those cases are discovered intraoperatively accounting for the high incidence of bladder injuries during the repair. Symptoms can be variable depending on the size of the herniated bladder.
Presentation of case:
We present here a 70 years old obese male patient, with history of CVA & on regular Aspirin ingestion. He presented to the ER as a case of intestinal obstruction due to suspicion of strangulated inguinal hernia based on an unclear Ultrasound picture. He underwent an emergency exploration of the hernia where the balloon of a Foley's catheter was found inside a diverticulum of the urinary bladder, herniated through an Ogilvie hernia.
Discussion:
Ogilvie hernia is a rare incident that happens mostly in elderly males. The herniated part contains prevesical fat, bladder andor loops of intestines. Diagnosis must be made preoperatively through CT scan or Cystourethrogram. First line management involves surgical reduction of the bladder and hernia repair. Resection of the herniated part is generally limited to necrotic tissues.
Conclusion:
Surgeons must have high index of suspicion for elderly obese males with inguinal hernias and urinary or intestinal obstruction symptoms. Careful preoperative planning must be made to avoid repair associated bladder injuries.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Ebstein's Anomaly in a 60-Year-Old Man
Authors: Elisabetta Palmerini, Duccio Federici, Alessia Del Pasqua, Sonia Bernazzali, Matteo Lisi, Mario Chiavarelli, Sergio Mondillo
Journal: Case Rep Med (2009)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present an echocardiographic evaluation of an elderly man affected with Ebstein's anomaly. In the natural history of this congenital disease only 5% of patients survive beyond the fifth decade. The patient presented severe right heart failure and he was refered to our institution for heart transplantation.
Left Atrial Myxoma in Pregnancy: Management Strategy Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach
Authors: Noppon Taksaudom, Kuntharee Traisrisilp, Rungsrit Kanjanavanit
Journal: Case Rep Cardiol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

This case report concerns a young woman who, during her pregnancy, suffered severe mitral regurgitation. It was discovered at the same time that she had a left atrial myxoma. During the early postpartum period she successfully underwent an anterior minithoracotomy to remove the left atrial myxoma in conjunction with repair of the mitral valve. The thoracotomy approach in this specific patient was chosen as it would give a better chance of successful mother-child bonding because the patient would be able to avoid the precautions which would have been necessary following a sternotomy, especially the limitation of her ability to hold her child during the first 4-6 weeks postoperatively.
Late Response of Antiretroviral Therapy in an HIV-1-Infected Patient due to Hepatitis B and C Coinfections: The First Case Report in Nepal
Authors: Sundar Khadka, Rupendra Shrestha, Sanjeet Pandit, Roshan Pandit, Anup Bastola
Journal: Case Rep Med (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Aim:
Dual coinfection of HCV and HBV in HIV-1-infected population is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Also, they share routes of HIV transmission; however, it might be associated with an independent factor like injecting drug use for HCV and unsafe sex for HBV. This case report suggests that hepatitis virus coinfection may lead to late response of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1 patients.
Patients and methods:
A 49-year-old male patient visited for the routine follow-up investigation at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Teku, Nepal. He was an HIV-1-positive injecting drug user (IDU) co-infected with HCV and HBV. The patient was under ART as per the National HIV Testing and Treatment Guidelines 2017, Nepal. Further, serological and viral load testing was performed for confirmation and monitoring therapy, respectively.
Results:
It is the first report that highlights the dual coinfection of HCV and HBV in an HIV-1 patient from Nepal. The follow-up investigation shows improved response to ART with an increase in CD4+ cells. However, detectable viral loads indicated for a late response might be due to effects of coinfections or viral interactions.
Conclusions:
Dual coinfection is rare; however, it is more serious with poorly defined epidemiology and evolution in an HIV-1-infected population. Thus, universal screening of HBV or/and HCV coinfection in HIV-1-infected population requires immediate implementation for true prevalence, proper management, and early intervention.
A Case Report of Pacemaker-Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Patient With Post-atrioventricular Node Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zahid Khan, Tom Rayner, Dinesh Sethumadhavan, Sithu Kyaw
Journal: Cureus (2023)
Keywords: cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt), comorbid obesity, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, obstructive sleep apnoea, pacemaker complication, pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy, progressive interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, shortness of breath (sob)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is a rare but well-recognised phenomenon in patients requiring right ventricular (RV) pacing. It can be caused by single-chamber or dual-chamber pacemakers. We present a case of a 64-year-old female patient presenting to the pacemaker clinic with worsening shortness of breath and legs swelling. She was found to have atrial fibrillation and underwent atrioventricular node ablation followed by a dual chamber permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation as part of a 'pace and ablate' strategy to treat refractory symptomatic atrial tachycardia, and the patient was entirely dependent on RV pacing. In the immediate two months following PPM implantation, the patient was seen in the clinic and reported shortness of breath that was attributed to interstitial lung disease. However, a month later her symptoms worsened, stimulating a referral for echocardiography, which demonstrated a fall in her left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from 60% to 30% in just four months after the device implantation. The patient was diagnosed with PICM. The patient's prognostic heart failure treatment was optimised and her device was upgraded to a cardiac resynchronisation (CRT) device with pacing functionality in an attempt to improve biventricular synchrony. The patient's symptoms have improved significantly since and a repeat echocardiogram 2 months later showed significant improvement in LVEF to 45-50%.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis combined with emphysematous pyelonephritis: A rare case report
Authors: Emadoddin Moudi, Mohammadmehdi Darzi, Sepehr Ramzani, Abazar Akbarzadeh Pasha
Journal: Caspian J Intern Med (2021)
Keywords: emphysematous pyelonephritis, staghorn calculi, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare and intense type of chronic kidney infection characterized by subversion of the renal tissue and its replacement by lipid- laden macrophages. XGP combined with emphysematous pyelonephritis(EPN) is rare and up until now only 7 cases with these presentations have been reported; so abundant clinical skills and appropriate radiographic imaging is required to reach the correct diagnosis. In this report, we present a case with two uncommon variants of pyelonephritis.
Case presentation:
A 55-year-old female presented with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a stroke leading to a left-sided hemiplegia state for 7 years, coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG), hypertension(HTN) , seizure, progressive fatigue, loss of appetite , fecal and urinary incontinence and right costovertebral angle tenderness. According to clinical signs, symptoms and documentation of gas within the renal parenchyma on computed tomography (CT) of abdomen, of EPN diagnosis was suggested; however histopathologic evaluation showed acute emphysematous pyelonephritis on chronic xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Conclusion:
EPN can emerge in a patient suffering from XPG which would add to the severity of the situation. In the case presented, concurrent underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, stroke, CABG, HTN along with severe fatigue and loss of appetite existed. Surgical treatment produces dramatic results.
Multiple Myeloma Masquerading as Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Approach to Multiple Myeloma Screening and Diagnosis
Authors: Robert Stuver, Alec Petersen, Thomas A Guerrero-Garcia, Ursula Matulonis, Paul Richardson, Prabhsimranjot Singh
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Multiple myeloma is the most common plasma cell dyscrasia and causes 2% of all cancer deaths in Western countries. Ovarian carcinosarcomas are very rare gynecological malignancies and account for only 1-2% of all ovarian tumors. In this case, we report a 67-year-old woman with known relapsed ovarian carcinosarcoma who presented with headache and neck pain. She was found to have new lytic lesions in the cranial and thoracic regions. While these lesions were assumed to be metastases, a diligent approach detected an M-spike on serum protein electrophoresis and a monoclonal gammopathy with immunoglobulin G lambda monoclonal immunoglobulin on immunofixation. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. To our knowledge, this is the first ever reported case of concomitant multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinosarcoma. Our case highlights the utmost importance of a systematic approach to lytic lesions and emphasizes the need to consider secondary malignancies in the evaluation of possible metastases. We used the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for screening and diagnosing multiple myeloma, and we provide a thorough review of this updated approach.
Blunt force thoracic trauma: a case study of pericardial rupture and associated cardiac herniation
Authors: O S Glotzer, A Bhakta, T Fabian
Journal: Case Rep Surg (2014)

Pericardial rupture, with associated cardiac herniation, is generally fatal. Diagnosis is difficult and frequently missed due to the subtlety of identifying characteristics. We report a case of a left sided pericardial rupture and cardiac herniation resulting from a high speed motorcycle collision. This report describes the course of treatment from the emergent admission to the diagnosis of the pericardial tear to retrospective CT analysis and rupture identification. In addition the difficulties of initial diagnosis, key symptoms, and identification of CT images are presented and discussed.
Preeruptive Intracoronal Radiolucencies: Detection and Nine Years Monitoring with a Series of Dental Radiographs
Authors: Chanika Manmontri, Phattaranant May Mahasantipiya, Papimon Chompu-Inwai
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Preeruptive intracoronal radiolucencies (PEIRs) are mostly incidentally found by routine radiographic examination of unerupted teeth. PEIRs are classified into two types according to the nature of the lesion: progressive and nonprogressive. A case report of a 17-year-old boy with a nonprogressive PEIR on the permanent mandibular left second molar is presented. The lesion was initially detected on an unerupted tooth at age eight years, eight months. It was clinically and radiographically assessed yearly. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the lesion's size and location when the patient was 11 and 14 years old. The assessments confirmed that the lesion was nonprogressive and had no connection to the pulp or oral cavity. Due to the static nature of the detected PEIR during the nine-year follow-up period, the patient's low caries-risk status, and high patient and parental cooperation in periodic dental care, it was decided to place resin sealant on the affected tooth and monitor the lesion without any operative treatment.
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Maps to Chromosome 7q11.23: An Autopsy Case Report of a Novel Genetic Variant
Authors: Kritika Krishnamurthy, Amilcar A Castellano-Sanchez, Christopher A Febres-Aldana, Jyotsna Kochiyil, Carole Brathwaite, Robert J Poppiti
Journal: Case Rep Pediatr (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pontocerebellar hypoplasias are a group of autosomal recessive neurodevelopmetal disorders with varied phenotypic presentations and extensive genetic mutational landscape that are currently classified into ten subtypes. This classification is based predominantly on the genetic iterations as the phenotypic presentations are often broad and overlapping. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type-3 (PCH3) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a small cerebellar vermis, hyperreflexia, and seizures, described in Middle Eastern families in association with a homozygous truncating mutation of the PCLO gene in locus 7q11-21. This is a case of PCH, with previously unreported novel genetic alterations. The patient is a 1-week-old girl, born at term to a 26-year-old G4P0A3 woman in a nonconsanguinous relation. At birth, the baby was depressed and hypertonic with abnormal tonic-clonic movements of extremities. MRI revealed cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia. Postmortem examination revealed a palmar simian crease. The cerebellum measured 2.5 cm from side to side and 1 cm from rostral to caudal. The vermis was rudimentary. Sectioning revealed a flattened linear fourth ventricle, scant abortive cerebellar foliae, and a markedly small cerebellum when compared with the cerebrum and with age-matched size. H&E-stained sections of cerebellum revealed scant rudimentary foliae. A rudimentary unilateral embolliform nucleus was identified. The remaining cerebellar nuclei were absent. Chromosomal microarray showed an interstitial duplication of 841 kB on chromosome 7q11.23. Locus 7q11.23 contains FGL2 and GSAP genes and is 5 MB upstream of the 7q11-21 region, suggesting a possible linkage. This novel genomic finding possibly represents a new familial variant of PCH closely associated with PCH-3 and further strengthens its association with the 7q11 locus.
Clostridium ramosum Bacteremia With Mesenteric Ischemia Secondary to Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries Occlusion
Authors: Christina Padron, Mario Valdez Imbert, Abiodun M Akanmode, Ihab Jameel
Journal: Cureus (2023)
Keywords: c ramosum, clostridium ramosum, critical care and hospital medicine, gram positive bacteremia, mesenteric ischemia
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Clostridium ramosum, despite being a common enteric bacterium, is not commonly identified as the cause of pathologic infections in humans. It was first identified by Veillion and Zuber in 1898 from a patient with pulmonary gangrene and appendicitis. After performing an extensive literature search of major databases, only a few cases of pathologic C. ramosum infection were found in the medical literature. In this piece of work, we add to existing research by presenting a case report of an 83-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, fever, and shortness of breath, requiring ICU admission due to mesenteric ischemia and C. ramosum bacteremia.
Common and uncommon lesions of the vulva and vagina on magnetic resonance imaging: correlations with pathological findings
Authors: Yan Ning, Rennan Ling, Feiran Zhang, Guofu Zhang, He Zhang
Journal: BJR Open (2023)
MeSH terms: Review

Vulvar and vaginal lesions representing a wide spectrum of diseases in female lower genital tract diseases make up a small part of all gynecological etiologies. Many of them are rare etiologies and are reported in case-reports studies. Translabial and transperineal ultrasound are modalities of choice for the first evaluation of perineal lesions. MRI is usually performed to determine the etiology of the lesions and stage. Benign lesions of the vulva and vagina usually manifest as simple cystic (vestibular cyst or endometrioma) or solid lesions (leiomyoma or angiofibroblastoma), while malignancies usually appear as large, solid masses and fill into both vaginal and perineal area. Post-contrast images play an important role in establishing a differential diagnosis, however, some benign lesions can also exhibit a vivid enhancement. Knowledge about radiologic-associated pathological manifestations may aid clinicians in better understanding these pathologies, especially for some rare lesions, and making a proper diagnosis before invasive procedures.