OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Suprasellar Melanocytoma with Leptomeningeal Seeding: An Aggressive Clinical Course for a Histologically Benign Tumor
Authors: Imen Maaloul, Marwa Moussaoui, Ameni Salah, Wiem Feki, Hela Fourati, Nadia Charfi, Zeineb Mnif
Journal: Case Rep Radiol (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Meningeal melanocytoma (MM) is a very rare neuroectodermal neoplasm arising from the leptomeninges. Primary suprasellar melanocytomas are exceedingly rare, with only a handful of cases reported. The systemic spread of a nontransformed meningeal melanocytoma is an unusual occurrence. Herein, we report the first case of a primary sellar melanocytoma with cerebral and spinal meningeal seeding. Case Report. A 30-year-old male with no previous medical history presented to the endocrinology department with a loss of body hair. The endocrine workup concluded with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and sella revealed a large suprasellar mass continuous with the infundibulum of the pituitary gland. It was heterogeneously hyperintense on T1-, T2-, and FLAIR-weighted images and was enhanced with contrast, along with cerebral and spinal leptomeningeal spread. The patient was referred to the neurosurgery department, and a lumbar spine biopsy was indicated. The histopathological examination was suggestive of a grade I meningeal pigmented melanocytoma.
Conclusion:
Thus, primary sellar melanocytomas with leptomeningeal spread are an extremely rare phenomenon. Metastatic malignant melanoma should be ruled out. Being aware of differential diagnosis and the unusual behavior of meningeal melanocytoma will be necessary to manage the patient appropriately. Complete tumor resection is the best treatment whenever possible, and radiotherapy should be considered in case of unresectability or partial resection.
A case report of idiopathic omental infarction in an obese child
Authors: Tomoyuki Tsunoda, Tsuyoshi Sogo, Haruki Komatsu, Ayano Inui, Tomoo Fujisawa
Journal: Case Rep Pediatr (2012)

Omental infarction (OI) is a rare cause of acute abdomen in children. A 9-year-old girl was presented with sudden-onset intermittent right lower quadrant abdominal pain and fever (37.9°C). Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness in the right lower quadrant with localized rebound tenderness which resembled acute appendicitis. She was obese and her BMI was on the 99th percentile. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 5 cm ill-defined heterogeneous fatty mass with hyperattenuating streaks just beneath the abdominal wall. She was diagnosed as OI and treated conservatively with reduced meals and antibiotics. Her symptom resolved gradually and she was discharged on day 7 without complications. OI should be considered as a differential diagnosis for acute right-sided abdominal pain, especially in obese children. Enhanced CT is useful for differentiating OI from other conditions presenting with acute abdomen.
The challenges of diagnosing idiopathic ovarian vein thrombosis: Case report
Authors: Muntadhar Mahdi Alalqam, Riyadh Al Abbas, Abdaljaleel Shaker Abualsaud, Abdullah Saleh AlQattan, Fatimah Almabyouq
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: abdominal pain, acute abdomen, idiopathic, ovarian vein thrombosis

Introduction:
Abdominal pain is a common clinical challenge presenting to the emergency department. The challenge lies in the wide differentials particularly in females due to the addition of potential gynecological conditions. Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is one of the uncommon differentials requiring rapid recognition & treatment to avoid serious complications or even death.
Case presentation:
We report a 42-year-old healthy female, post normal vaginal delivery 1- year prior to presentation. She presented with left iliac fossa and periumbilical pain for 1-day with no other symptoms. She was vitally stable. Abdominal & pelvic examinations revealed left lower tenderness with guarding. Laboratory investigations were within normal. Abdominal Doppler showed a dilated left ovarian vein with absent flow and Computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a thrombus. Therefore, the diagnosis of OVT was made and she was started on anticoagulation.
Discussion:
OVT is a rare, life-threatening condition occurring mainly during the post-partum period (0.18% post vaginal delivery). Diagnosing ovarian vein thrombosis can be challenging because of the overlapping presentation with other differentials. A high index of suspicion should be kept in females presenting with abdominal pain. Standard guidelines for managing OVT are lacking. However, lower limb DVT guidelines have been suggested in the literature to be applicable.
Conclusion:
The initial modality of diagnosing OVT is Doppler ultrasound. However, CT and MRA confirm the diagnosis in case of uncertainty. The mainstay of treatment is the conservative approach while the surgical approach is reserved for persistent OVT despite appropriate conservative therapy.
Strongyloides stercoralis Dissemination and Hyperinfection Associated with Long-Term Steroid Treatment in a Neurosurgical Population
Authors: Mariana Constante, João Domingos, Francisco Neves Coelho, Teresa Baptista Fernandes, Teresa Baptista, Marta Maio Herculano
Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Strongyloidiasis develops from the infection with Strongyloides stercoralis (Family: Strongylidae) and was recently considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization due to its global distribution and high burden of infection. Here, we present the cases of two patients under corticosteroid therapy after neurosurgical surgery who developed septic shock-like hyperinfection syndrome due to disseminated strongyloidiasis. The first case is a 77-year-old man from Cape Verde who was diagnosed with an extra-axial right parietal brain mass. He was given dexamethasone and was submitted to a biparietal craniotomy. His condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), where he was diagnosed with disseminated strongyloidiasis with hyperinfection. Anthelmintic treatment and corticosteroid therapy were rapidly tapered and stopped. Neurological dysfunction persisted and the patient was transferred to the ward. The patient had died after complications of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The second case is a 47-year-old man from Guinea-Bissau who was diagnosed with a space-occupying lesion in the right temporal region and started treatment with dexamethasone. He underwent a craniectomy with partial excision of the lesion (high-grade glioma). Later his neurologic state worsened, and he was diagnosed with septic shock and hospital-acquired pneumonia. He was admitted to the ICU, the diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome was made and he initiated treatment with ivermectin and albendazole. Corticosteroid therapy was tapered. The patient's clinical status deteriorated, and multiple opportunistic infections were diagnosed during the ICU stay, which lead him to die. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion when in the presence of corticosteroid-treated patients with sepsis. Preventive strategies and subsequent treatment should be considered in patients with a risk of acquisition or dissemination. Treating severe strongyloidiasis is still a clinical challenge and a delayed diagnosis can significantly worsen the outcomes of the patients affected, as seen in the presented cases.
Adapting an Expanded Access program to enable investigational treatments for COVID-19
Authors: Elias Samuels, Ellen Champagne, Misty Gravelin, Jamie Racklyeft, Kevin Weatherwax
Journal: J Clin Transl Sci (2022)
Keywords: covid-19, ctsa, clinical translational science award, expanded access, retrospective case studies
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Retrospective case studies of initiatives supported by the National Institutes of Health's Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs can be used to identify facilitators and barriers of translational science. This case study investigates how a CTSA Expanded Access program adapted to changing FDA guidance issued in 2020 to support clinicians' treatment of COVID-19 patients in Michigan. We studied how this program changed throughout the pandemic to support physicians' requests for remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and other uses of unapproved drugs and novel medical devices. A protocol for retrospective translational science case studies of health interventions developed by CTSA evaluators was used for this case study. Data collection methods included seven interviews and a review of institutional data, peer-reviewed publications, news stories, and other public records. The barriers identified include evolving guidance, misalignment of organizational operations, and the complexity of the research infrastructure. The facilitators of translation include collaboration between research and care teams, increasing engagement with a broad network of supporters, and ongoing professional development for research staff. The findings of this case study can be used to inform future investigations of the principles underlying the translational process.
First report of peritonitis caused by the vancomycin-resistant coccus Pediococcus pentosaceus in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Shefali Gupta, Chinmoy Sahu, Soumyabrata Nag, Uma Shankar Saha, Narayan Prasad, Kashi Nath Prasad
Journal: Access Microbiol (2019)
Keywords: pediococcus pentosaceus, ciprofloxacin, fever, peritoneal dialysis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Worldwide, about one-tenth of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritonitis is a major cause of PD failure and change of therapy to haemodialysis. An update on peritoneal dialysis-related infections has recommended the use of a first generation cephalosporin or vancomycin as an empirical therapy for Gram-positive organisms. Pediococcus spp. is a Gram-positive environmental cocci that have been increasingly reported from various nosocomial infections but very rarely from peritoneal dialysis infections. It is intrinsically resistant to Vancomycin but sensitive to ampicillin. So, diagnosis of this bacteria is important if isolated from PD infections.
Case presentation:
An elderly female patient of ESRD on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was admitted with complaints of high fever and cloudy PD effluent for 2 days. She was started with vancomycin and imipenem empirically but did not improve even after 4 days. Pus cells were seen when PD fluid was examined microscopically. BACTEC culture of PD fluid isolated growth of Gram-positive cocci, which was confirmed as Pediococcus pentosaceus . It was resistant to vancomycin. The antibiotic of the patient was changed to ciprofloxacin IV. The patient responded in 2 days and was discharged after 7 days.
Conclusion:
This is the first case report of Pediococcus pentosaceus peritonitis in an ESRD patient on CAPD. Accurate diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity test of the bacteria is important especially if isolated in critical patients as it is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin.
Chemotherapy-induced necrotising tumour lysis and perforation of a huge gastric cancer simulating emphysematous pancreatitis
Authors: Frank S Fan, Chung-Fan Yang
Journal: Ecancermedicalscience (2020)
Keywords: bcl-2, chemotherapy, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, emphysematous pancreatitis, gastric cancer
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 56-year-old man was diagnosed to have a huge gastric cancer extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the pancreas with multiple hepatic and peritoneal metastases. Two days after completing chemotherapy with cisplatin plus high dose leucovorin and fluorouracil, drastic necrotising tumour lysis led to gastric perforation and septic shock most likely due to bacterial peritonitis. The image of tumour lysis looked like an emphysematous pancreatitis. Afterwards, immunohistochemical study of the tumour specimen confirmed moderate positivity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and absence of Bcl-2 expression. The incomplete expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and total deficiency of Bcl-2 are considered to be the main underlying causes of such extraordinary chemosensitivity and so severe a tumour lysis phenomenon. Pre-emptive intensive survey of possible biomarkers of chemosensitivity is thus highly recommended upon treating a massive gastric cancer.
Plasmapheresis for Spur Cell Anemia in a Patient with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kenji Miki, Takashi Maruki, Shinsaku Imashuku
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Spur cell anemia (SCA) is a cause of hemolytic anemia in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Because dyslipidemia is related to the development of spur cells, SCA was previously treated with plasmapheresis.
Case report:
A 52-year-old Japanese man with SCA associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C) underwent two rounds of plasmapheresis. Clinical features and serum lipid concentrations were compared before and after plasmapheresis. Although indirect hyperbilirubinemia and SCA persisted after plasmapheresis, reticulocyte counts significantly decreased from 22.4% to 4.5%, and Hb levels improved without red cell transfusions. Analysis of lipids showed that total and free cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo-AI concentrations, all of which were reduced before plasmapheresis, had improved after treatment, while LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), and apo-AII concentrations, which were also reduced before plasmapheresis, remained unchanged.
Conclusions:
Despite plasmapheresis partially ameliorating the degree of hemolysis, the persistence of SCA may have been linked with the lack of improvement in certain types of lipid metabolism.
A Case Report Describing a Rare Presentation of Simultaneous Occurrence of MPO-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nathalie Foray, Tamer Hudali, Muralidhar Papireddy, John Gao
Journal: Case Rep Nephrol (2016)

Background. Renal-limited myeloperoxidase vasculitis with simultaneous rheumatoid arthritis is reported as a rare occurrence. Review of literature suggests that most patients had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis for several years prior to presenting with renal failure from myeloperoxidase vasculitis. Case Presentation. A 58-year-old Caucasian male presented to the hospital experiencing malaise, fevers, decreased oral intake, nausea, and vomiting for one week duration. His past medical history consisted of newly diagnosed but untreated rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. He was found to have acute renal failure, proteinuria, and hypoglycemia. Standard therapy, including intravenous fluids, did not improve his acute renal failure. A vasculitis workup resulted in a positive myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA). Renal biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) pauci-immune type, suggestive of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV). Treatment consisted of prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and seven cycles of plasmapheresis, in addition to hemodialysis for uremia. Upon discharge, he received hemodialysis for another week and continued treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Conclusion. Patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis may develop renal failure due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication use and AA type amyloidosis; however, necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation has been rarely reported. This stresses the importance of early recognition and swift initiation of treatment.
Case report: A Saprochaete clavata ( Magnusiomyces clavatus) severe infection effectively treated with granulocyte transfusion in a young patient with myeloid sarcoma
Authors: Gianmario Pasqualone, Elisa Buzzatti, Raffaele Palmieri, Arianna Savi, Maria Rosaria Pascale, Beatrice Borsellino, Luca Guarnera, Francesco Buccisano, Maria Teresa Voso, Luca Maurillo, Giuseppe Sconocchia, Adriano Venditti, Maria Ilaria Del Principe
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: magnusiomyces clavatus, saprochaeta clavata, acute myeloid leukemia, case report, granulocyte transfusion, invasive fungal infection, myeloid sarcoma (ms)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Myeloid sarcoma is a hematologic malignancy consisting of extramedullary tissue involvement by myeloid blasts, usually considered as acute myeloid leukemia and treated accordingly. The disease itself, together with chemotherapy and disease-associated factors, may have an impact in increasing the risk of developing severe and frequently life-threatening infections. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with a right breast skin lesion, histologically diagnosed myeloid sarcoma, who developed a severe disseminated fungal infection by Saprochaete clavata (Magnusiomyces clavatus), during the first consolidation course of chemotherapy. Despite maximum antifungal therapy, the infection progressed and the fungus continued to be isolated until granulocyte transfusion therapy was initiated. Our experience suggests that patients with profound and long-lasting neutropenia could benefit from granulocyte transfusions as additional therapy in severe fungal infections resistant to broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Mimicking a Discrete Brain Mass: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dana DiRenzo, Zsuzsanna H McMahan, Naman S Desai, Rebecca Manno, Michelle Petri
Journal: Case Rep Rheumatol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The differential diagnosis for a focal brain lesion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is broad and includes infection, malignancy, and vascular and inflammatory etiologies. One rarely considered vascular pathology is cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), which is often associated with a delay in diagnosis because of variable presentation and rare incidence. We present the case of a young woman with a new discrete brain lesion that appeared in the context of highly active SLE and was ultimately diagnosed with a CVT. We provide a literature review for diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis, a potentially serious complication of untreated systemic lupus erythematosus.
Paget's disease of the breast in a male with lymphomatoid papulosis: a case report
Authors: Dina Fouad
Journal: J Med Case Rep (2011)

Introduction:
Paget's disease is an eczematous skin change of the nipple that is usually associated with an underlying breast malignancy. Male breast cancer represents only 1-3% of all breast malignancies and Paget's disease remains very rare.
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 67-year-old Caucasian man with lymphomatoid papulosis who was diagnosed with Paget's disease of the nipple and who was treated successfully with surgery alone. We discuss the presentation, investigations, management and pathogenesis of Paget's disease of the nipple.
Conclusion:
The case highlights the need to be vigilant when new skin lesions arise in the context of an underlying chronic skin disorder.
Combination Therapy with Empagliflozin and Insulin Results in Successful Glycemic Control: A Case Report of Uncontrolled Diabetes Caused by Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Subsequent Steroid Treatment
Authors: Miyako Kishimoto, Kazuhide Yamaoki, Masayuki Adachi
Journal: Case Rep Endocrinol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 66-year-old Japanese male presented with thirst, polyuria, and hemoglobin A1c and postprandial glucose levels (13.1% and 529 mg/dL, respectively) that indicated severe hyperglycemia. Based on his high immunoglobulin G4 level and the results of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, we diagnosed him with autoimmune pancreatitis. Insulin was initiated to control his diabetes. One month later, the patient commenced on prednisolone therapy for the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis, after which his total insulin dosage increased to a maximum of 52 units/day. When the prednisolone dosage was later tapered, the patient's total dosage of insulin was reduced to 42 units/day. However, he had gained 3.6 kg from the start of prednisolone therapy, and 42 units/day was insufficient for maintaining glycemic control. Thus, empagliflozin, a sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, was added. Thereafter, we were able to reduce the patient's total dosage of insulin; it was eventually discontinued with good glycemic control and weight loss. Such results suggest that the combination of insulin with an SGLT2 inhibitor may be a viable option for the treatment of diabetic patients on prednisolone therapy.
Laparoscopic splenectomy for hairy cell leukemia in pregnancy
Authors: Beni Adegoke Adeniji, Moses Fallas, Marc Incerpi, Solomon Hamburg, Robert Katz, Dotun Ogunyemi
Journal: Case Rep Med (2010)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective. We present a successful case of laparoscopic splenectomy for a massively enlarged spleen at 25 weeks of gestation for hairy cell leukemia in pregnancy in a woman with initial hemoglobin of 4.3 gm/dl and platelet count of 18,000/mm(3). Study Design. Case report. Results. This report provides an approach to management that may be applicable in those cases where thrombocytopenia or other clinical imperatives preclude delaying treatment till after pregnancy. Conclusion. Hairy cell leukemia is a clonal B-Cell malignancy, for which there is very limited experience worldwide for its management when it occurs during pregnancy. Laparoscopic splenectomy should be considered as a therapeutic option, even with a significantly enlarged spleen, in order to avoid the risks of fetal exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. Unique considerations relating to pregnancy are highlighted.
Theoretical and practical aspects in total uncemented hip arthroplasty by using short femoral stem prosthesis
Authors: M Moga, M E Pogarasteanu, A Barbilian
Journal: J Med Life (2015)
MeSH terms: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / methods, Bone Cements, Hip Prosthesis, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Femur Head Necrosis / diagnostic imaging, Femur Head Necrosis / pathology, Femur Head Necrosis / surgery, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Radiography, Young Adult, Bone Cements

Hip arthrosis, primary or secondary, is an osteoarthritic degenerative process that affects the hip joint. Primary hip arthrosis has an unknown etiology, and secondary hip arthrosis has well defined causes; of these causes, some are known to lead to arthrosis of the hip in the young age patient. The surgical treatment aims either to preserve the patient’s hip joint, or to replace the joint. The most commonly used procedure at this time is the total hip arthroplasty. The femoral component may have a short or a long stem. The short femoral stem prosthesis is usually impacted by using a unique technique and unique instruments, according to the manufacturer’s specifications. There are several models of short stem femoral prosthesis, but no matter which one is chosen, the surgical indication, the surgical technique and a well-conducted recovery program are important. The choosing of each arthroplastic implant must be made with care, taking into consideration the patient’s benefit, his expectations, and also the surgeon’s experience.