OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Prepatellar Bursal Infection Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an In Situ Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Abdulrahman D Algarni
Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Prepatellar bursal infection is a rare occurrence. The incidence of tuberculosis, including musculoskeletal type, is increasing. We present a case of isolated prepatellar bursal swelling associated with a discharging sinus; the condition developed in an elderly patient 4 years after total knee arthroplasty. Aspiration of the bursa revealed acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, typical of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; this was confirmed later on culture. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-month course of antituberculous chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, only two previous cases of tuberculous prepatellar bursal infection have been reported in English literature. Our case illustrates the importance of considering tuberculous prepatellar bursal infection in the differential diagnosis of anterior knee swelling. All physicians treating patients with musculoskeletal disease should be aware of the possibility of this diagnosis and maintain a high index of suspicion; this is especially true in areas where tuberculosis is still endemic and in high-risk patients, such as the elderly.
CytoSorb® Hemoadsorption as a Promising Tool to Handle COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm
Authors: Alice-Christin Acevedo, Michael Zoller, Christina Scharf, Uwe Liebchen, Michael Irlbeck, Ines Schroeder
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Accumulating evidence suggests that a patient subgroup with severe COVID-19 develops a cytokine release syndrome leading to capillary leakage and organ injury. Recent publications addressing therapy of cytokine storms recommended new extracorporeal therapies such as hemoadsorption. This case report describes a 59-year-old SARS-CoV-2-positive patient with severe ARDS. Due to severe hyperinflammation with concomitant hemodynamic instability and progressive renal failure, combination of continuous renal replacement and CytoSorb® hemoadsorption therapy was initiated. Treatment resulted immediately in a control of the hyperinflammatory response. Simultaneously, lung function continued to improve accompanied by profound hemodynamic stabilization. We report the successful utilization of CytoSorb® hemoadsorption in the treatment of a patient with SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm syndrome.
Transformation of adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma as a source of EGFR-TKI resistance: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yun-Zhu Xi, Li Xie, Xiao-Wu Tan, Sai-Li Zeng
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: adenocarcinoma, epidermal growth factor receptor, squamous cell carcinoma, transformation, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

In general, non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, most patients experience resistance within 1-2 years after treatment. The histological explanation for the acquired resistance is that malignant transformation occurs during cancer treatment. To date, the transformation from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma associated with EGFR-TKI use remains poorly reported. We report a case of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations that converted to squamous cell carcinoma due to long-term administration of EGFR-TKIs. This report strengthens histological evolution as a source of acquired drug resistance.
Successful tricuspid valve replacement in a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and preserved right ventricular systolic function
Authors: Jamil A Aboulhosn, Ronald J Oudiz, Amish S Dave, Abbas Ardehali, David J Ross
Journal: Case Rep Med (2009)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 56-year-old patient with severe pulmonary hypertension developed severe tricuspid regurgitation, right-sided heart failure, and congestive hepatopathy. She was transferred for possible lung transplant and/or tricuspid valve surgery. Clinical and echocardiographic assessment provided confidence that acute tricuspid valve failure was responsible for the decompensation and that tricuspid valve replacement despite pulmonary hypertension could be performed.
Thoracic Empyema Secondary to Congenital Chylothorax in a 14-Month-Old Boy with Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Takeru Oikawa, Chiharu Ota, Shinya Iwasawa, Takehiko Onoki, Hideyuki Ikeda, Takushi Hanita
Journal: Case Rep Pediatr (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Thoracic empyema usually occurs as a complication of bacterial pneumonia, but in rare cases, it is caused by hematogenous dissemination secondary to nonpulmonary diseases. Congenital chylothorax or chylothorax in children is associated with maldevelopment of the lymphatic system, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, several syndromes including Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, or Turner syndrome, a complication of thoracic surgery, right heart failure with high central venous pressure, or tumors. There are very few reports of empyema associated with preexisting chylothorax. In the present study, we describe a rare case of thoracic empyema associated with congenital chylothorax and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis associated with clinically diagnosed Noonan syndrome. It is necessary to closely monitor patients with chylothorax because they are at risk of developing severe lung infections, such as pleural empyema or lung abscesses.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Lung Cancer Patient Using Empagliflozin
Authors: Jordan Sexe, Chadwick Mayes, Peter Tofts
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, and its diagnosis should be timely and accurate. SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic medications that increase the renal excretion of glucose. It is thought that increased urinary excretion of glucose will mask hyperglycemia during DKA. This can lead to a delayed diagnosis of DKA and worsen outcomes. In this report, we detail a case of euglycemic DKA in a patient who presented to the Emergency Department meeting criteria for septic shock.
A Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection Associated with Cocaine Abuse: A Pathomechanistic Association
Authors: Rayan S El-Zein, Jeffrey Sobecki, Roy Greenberg, Michael Keleher, Robert A Palma
Journal: Case Rep Vasc Med (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is a rare potentially fatal disease. We present a case of cocaine-related SISMAD in a patient with abdominal pain. A 38-year-old African American male with hypertension and alcohol, cocaine, and tobacco abuse presented with abdominal pain and recent cocaine use. A CT angiogram revealed SISMAD; he was treated with conservative management. Cocaine and SISMAD share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms pertaining to vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and increased shear stress at fixed vascular positions. Our report emphasizes the need to consider cocaine abuse in SISMAD pathophysiology, risk stratification, and treatment algorithms in future studies.
Severe penile injury due to condom catheter fixed by a rubber band: A case report
Authors: Selim Zaghbib, Marouene Chakroun, Ahmed Saadi, Hamza Boussaffa, Abderrazak Bouzouita, Amine Derouiche, Mohamed Riadh Ben Slama, Haroun Ayed, Mohamed Chebil
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: condom catheter, penile gangrene, strangulation

Introduction:
Condom catheters are considered as a safe tool in the management of male urinary incontinence, yet complications may occur, especially in debilitated patients, with psychiatric disorders.
Presentation of case:
A 58-year-old paraplegic man, suffering from schizophrenia, who had been using condom urinary catheters, was referred to our department for "penile injury". Interrogation revealed that he was placing a rubber band tightly around his penis to maintain the condom. Examination showed a 4 cm defect interesting the proximal portion of the penis including the corpus spongiosum and the urethra. A surgical repair was performed, consisting in covering the defect using the surrounding tissue. Unfortunately, the patient developed penile gangrene four weeks after surgery. A partial penectomy was performed.
Discussion:
Condom catheters are known as a safe tool to manage urinary incontinence in male patients, providing an adequate care. Long-term use may result in complications including urinary tract infection (40%) and skin injuries ranging from inflammation to gangrene. Gangrene, secondary to strangulation of the penis, is however uncommon. These complications are more common in debilitated patients with poor medical care or psychiatric disorders. In case of necrosis, debridement should be performed, which may result in a partial or a total penectomy if necessary.
Conclusion:
Condom catheter is frequently used to manage male urinary incontinence but it should not be used carelessly or overlooked as it can cause severe complications such as penile strangulation and penile gangrene.
Bilateral Native Kidney Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas in a 11-Year-Old Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: Çiğdem Ulukaya Durakbaşa, Deniz Ugurlu, Sabriye Gulcin Bozbeyoglu, Sinem Aydoner, Hatice Seneldir, Mehmet Onur Candir, Cengiz Candan, Atilla Gemici
Journal: European J Pediatr Surg Rep (2022)
Keywords: bilateral, child, native kidney, renal cell carcinoma, transplantation
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common renal tumors in adults and are usually sporadic and unilateral. Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing RCC. RCC development after kidney transplantation is very rarely reported in children. We present a 11-year-old boy who had cadaveric kidney transplantation for kidney failure 2 years ago. He was under immunosuppressive therapy and presented with microscopic hematuria. An ultrasound (US) revealed bilateral solid renal masses. Further cross-sectional imaging showed a 60 × 70 × 60-mm right renal mass with claw sign and a 5 × 6 × 6-mm mass in the left renal lower pole. A bilateral radical nephroureterectomy of native kidneys was performed. The pathology revealed bilateral papillary RCC without TFE3 upregulation. The patient was kept on low-dose immunosuppressive therapy in the perioperative period. He received no chemotherapy but a close radiological surveillance was undertaken. He is tumor-free 2 years after the operation. RCC is a rare tumor for children and bilateralism is even rarer. The child had a history of chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis, and immunosuppressive therapy. As there are no standardized protocols regarding imaging in transplanted kidneys routine surveillance, US follow-up should also focus on detecting malignancy.
Abdominal Self-Stabbing: An Uncommon Type of Sharp Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Andrija Karačić, Borna Vojvodić
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Abdominal self-stabbing, a type of sharp abdominal trauma, is a rare form of attempted suicide. Such cases are not commonly seen in the emergency department, but a prompt and well-reasoned decision is essential in the management of these patients. We report a case of a SI-ASW and a literature review to show the management of the aforementioned condition.
Fluoroscopy-assisted posterior percutaneous reduction for the management of unilateral cervical facet dislocations after unsuccessful closed reduction: A case report
Authors: Takaki Shimizu, Katsuhito Yoshioka, Hideki Murakami, Satoru Demura, Satoshi Kato, Noriaki Yokogawa, Norihiro Oku, Ryo Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: anterior cervical surgery, cervical facet dislocation, percutaneous reduction

Introduction:
In some cases of cervical facet dislocations, open reduction becomes imperative when closed reduction fails. In these cases, posterior open reduction with subsequent posterior fixation has been favored in previous reports as reduction using the posterior approach is less challenging than that using the anterior approach. However, it invades the posterior cervical muscles, is associated with a high risk of postoperative axial neck pain, and is less likely to restore cervical lordosis than anterior surgery. In this report, we describe a novel reduction technique, posterior percutaneous reduction, which can address this dilemma.
Presentation of case:
An attempt to perform closed reduction in a 19-year-old adolescent with a unilateral facet dislocation at the C4-C5 level was unsuccessful. To preserve the posterior cervical muscles and obtain good cervical alignment, we opted for posterior percutaneous reduction and subsequent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion instead of posterior open reduction and fixation. An elevator was inserted into the locked facet percutaneously with fluoroscopic assistance, and reduction was achieved by lever action. Seven days after the percutaneous reduction, anterior cervical discectomy and iliac bone grafting with plate fixation were performed. There were no complications or neurological deficits postoperatively.
Discussion:
This report describes the case of a patient who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion after posterior percutaneous reduction with preservation of the posterior cervical muscles for unilateral facet dislocation when closed reduction was unsuccessful.
Conclusion:
Posterior percutaneous reduction could be a useful option for the management of cervical facet dislocations.
Survival after drowning with cardiac arrest and mild hypothermia
Authors: S S Rudolph, S Barnung
Journal: ISRN Cardiol (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The current guidelines for resucitation following hypothermia and submersion with cardiac arrest state that rewarming should be continued until a core temperature of 32-34°C is achieved, after which death can be declared if no return of spontaneous circulation has occurred. As no randomized, controlled trials exist, these treatment guidelines are mostly based on a pragmatic approach. Wheater to start or stop resuscitation is notoriusly difficult. Submersion time, water temperature, and prompt resuscitation seem to be crucial factors for outcome. We report a case of successful resuscitation after the use of mechanical chest compressions and extracorporeal circulation in a patient with cardiac arrest due to submersion and accompanying mild hypothermia with a core temperature of 32,2°C caused by submersion.
HDR Syndrome Accompanying Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypopituitarism
Authors: Mustafa Can, Feridun Karakurt, Muhammed Kocabas, İlker Cordan, Melia Karakose, Mustafa Kulaksızoglu
Journal: Case Rep Endocrinol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

HDR (Hypoparathyroidism, Deafness, and Renal Dysplasia) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the triad of hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal disease. Approximately 65% of patients with HDR syndrome have all three of these features, while others have different combinations of these features. We aimed to present a case with primary hypoparathyroidism, hearing loss, and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease and diagnosed as HDR syndrome while being followed up for type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypopituitarism.
A Case of Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor with a Superimposed Aspergilloma Presenting As a Covert Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Syndrome
Authors: Kyoung Jin Kim, Ji Hee Yu, Nan Hee Kim, Young Hye Kim, Young Sik Kim, Ji A Seo
Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2017)
Keywords: cushing syndrome, aspergilloma, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome, hypercortisolism, pulmonary carcinoid tumor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is a challenging diagnosis only responsible for approximately 10% of Cushing syndrome cases. It has been associated with a variety of benign and malignant tumors including a carcinoid tumor accompanied by aspergilloma in our case that was significantly difficult to be detected. We report a patient over 70 years old with uncontrolled hypertension and hypokalemia presenting with generalized edema. Laboratory results revealed ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, but imaging studies did not show any discrete lesions secreting ACTH. The petrosal to peripheral ACTH gradient resulted in no evidence of pituitary adenoma. As the only lesion suspicious for ectopic ACTH secretion was a right lower round cystic lesion that did not appear to be a carcinoid tumor on computed tomography scan of the chest, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracic surgical resection to provide a definitive diagnosis. The final diagnosis was a small ectopic ACTH-secreting carcinoid tumor with unusual superimposed aspergilloma in the periphery of the lung. Postoperatively, the abnormal endocrine levels were normalized, and all of the clinical symptoms and signs were ameliorated. This is an informative case of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) that was the cause of hypokalemia, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, and hypercortisolism despite its poorly specific cushingoid morphology and uncommon imaging findings. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians investigate any possible lesion as a potential source of EAS.
Trends and Limitations in the Assessment of the Contractile Properties of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes From Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Masamichi Ito, Seitaro Nomura, Hiroyuki Morita, Issei Komuro
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2020)
Keywords: contractile property, dilated cardiomyopathy, disease modeling, high-throughput screening, ips cell-derived cardiomyocytes, tissue engineering
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The application of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCMs) from patients is expected in disease modeling and drug screening in vitro. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an intractable disease characterized by the impairment of systolic function and leads to severe heart failure. A number of researchers have focused on disease modeling of DCM and reproduced its pathologic phenotypes in hiPSCMs, but a robust method to evaluate the contractile properties of cardiomyocytes in vitro has not been standardized. In addition, it is unknown whether the throughput of measurements and analyses could be increased sufficiently for compound screening. Here, we reviewed the articles in which the contractile abnormalities of DCM hiPSCMs were recapitulated and assessed the trends and problems in sample preparation and evaluation. We found that single-cell level analysis was ineffective in some cases, and a tissue engineering approach has become dominant recently because of its increased efficiency in reproducing impaired contractility. We also examined two commercially available automated measurement devices with moderate throughput for motion analysis using two-dimensional hiPSCM sheets composed of originally established DCM hiPSCMs. As a result, both of the tested devices, an impedance analyzer and a video image-based cell motion analyzer, were not effective in detecting the expected reduction of contractility in the DCM clone. These findings collectively suggest that a tissue engineering approach could expand the potential of disease modeling with hiPSCMs, and so far, appropriate methods for in vitro force measurement with sufficient throughput, but without sacrificing physiological fidelity, are awaited.
Challenging diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism in two infants of diabetic mothers with rare pathogenic KCNJ11 and HNF4A gene variants
Authors: Lina Huerta-Saenz, Carol Saunders, Yun Yan
Journal: Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2018)
Keywords: congenital hyperinsulinism, infant of diabetic mother, neonatal hypoglycemia
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants. The infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) very frequently present with neonatal hypoglycemia associated to transient hyperinsulinism however the incidence of CHI in IDMs is unknown.
Case presentation:
Here we report 2 cases of CHI where the diagnoses were challenged and delayed because both patients were infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and had concomitant complicated medical conditions. Case 1 was heterozygous for a likely pathogenic variant in KCNJ11(p.Arg206Cys), and Case 2 was heterozygous for a pathogenic HNF4A variant, (p.Arg267Cys). HNF4A-associated CHI is very rare, and this particular case had a clinical phenotype quite different from that of previously described HNF4A-CHI cases.
Conclusions:
This case series is one of few reports in the medical literature describing two IDMs with persistent recurrent hypoglycemia secondary to CHI, and a different clinical phenotype for HNF4A-associated CHI. IDMs typically present with transient hyperinsulinism lasting no more than 2-3 days. Since being an IDM does not exclude CHI, this diagnosis should always be considered as the mostly likely etiology if neonatal hypoglycemia persists longer than the described time frame and genetic testing for CHI confirmation is highly suggested.
The Use of Methylene Blue during Liver Transplantation for Vasoplegia
Authors: Paul Harding, Thomas Nicholas, Cale Kassel
Journal: Case Rep Anesthesiol (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The use of methylene blue for vasoplegia in cardiac cases with cardiopulmonary bypass, septic shock, and acute liver failure is well documented. Use of MB for liver transplantation has been largely limited to case reports. We describe three separate liver transplantation patients with significant hypotension following reperfusion. Administration of methylene blue to each patient resulted in a significant decrease in vasopressor medication and two patients weaned completely. We argue that the use of MB should be considered as a treatment option for refractory hypotension.
Conservative treatment of Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Besime Ahu Kaynak
Journal: Pak J Med Sci (2019)
Keywords: conservative treatment, fibrous dysplasia, mandible
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) is a developmental disorder of bone that can affect one bone (monostotic type) or multiple bones (polyostotic type). The disease can be associated with hyperpigmentation and endocrinological disorders. In general, FD is found in teenagers, in the second decade of life. It often involves the long bones, craniofacial bones, ribs and pelvis. Approximately 30% of monostotic FD (MFD) lesions are found in the cranial, rather facial bones. It frequently appears in the posterior region of the jaw bone and is usually unilateral. The etiology of FD is not clear but even so genetic predisposition is suspected. The diagnosis is based on radiological and histopathological examination. We present an unusual case of symptomatic FD. A 15-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic, complaining gradually increased swelling on her left side of the mandible one year ego with severe and unusual pain at related region. The bony enlargement was extending from median mandible to the crestal marginal level. Surgical shaving and recountering of mandible through the delicate preservation of the mental nerve in the left side of mandible was carried out. The aim of this report is to present the conservative treatment as sufficient treatment modality for the treatment of FD during puberty.