OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Frontotemporal dementia, manifested as schizophrenia, with decreased heterochromatin on chromosome 1
Authors: Philippos Gourzis, Maria Skokou, Panagiotis Polychronopoulos, Evanthia Soubasi, Irene-Eva Triantaphyllidou, Christos Aravidis, Antonia-Ioanna Sarela, Zoe Kosmaidou
Journal: Case Rep Psychiatry (2012)

Introduction. Frontotemporal dementia is a disorder of complex etiology, with genetic components contributing to the disease. The aim of this report is to describe a young patient suffering from frontotemporal dementia, misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, related to a genetic defect on chromosome 1. Case Presentation. A 29-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed as having schizophrenia, was hospitalized with severe behavioural disturbances. She demonstrated severe sexual disinhibition, hyperphagia, lack of motivation, apathy, psychotic symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and cognitive deterioration. Focal atrophy of frontal and anterior temporal structures bilaterally was found on brain MRI, as well as bifrontal hypo perfusion of the brain on SPECT scan. The diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia was made clinically, according to Lund and Manchester groups and Neary diagnostic criteria. Chromosomal analysis was conducted and revealed decrease in length of heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 1 (46, XX, 1qh-). Parental karyotypes were normal. Discussion. Frontotemporal dementia, and particularly early-onset cases, can be often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, with negative impact on case management. Genetic testing could be an aid to the correct diagnosis, which is crucial for optimal patient care.
Osteoporosis recovery in severe anorexia nervosa: a case report
Authors: Pratibha Anand, Philip S Mehler
Journal: J Eat Disord (2019)
Keywords: anorexia nervosa, denosumab, hormonal replacement therapy, osteoporosis, supplementation, teriparatide
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Osteoporosis represents a common and severe complication in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) that normally persists despite weight restoration and the resumption of regular menses. The condition may result in significant pain, injury, and disability.
Case presentation:
We report the only published case of a complete return to normal bone density following many years of severe osteoporosis in a severely malnourished patient with AN. We describe a patient with severe and enduring AN whose osteoporosis, with resultant fractures, was completely reversed. Available patient records, imaging, and laboratory data were evaluated.
Conclusions:
This case represents a common yet often improperly treated complication of AN. It demonstrates the potential important clinical role that targeted medicines coupled with a multifaceted supplementation and lifestyle interventions, may have for some very malnourished patients with AN. Medications, in the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with severe AN, may decrease fracture risk, enhance overall bone density, and contribute to an improved quality of life.
Ganglioneuroma of the External Auditory Canal and Middle Ear
Authors: Hesham Saleh Almofada, Michael Steven Timms, M Anas Dababo
Journal: Case Rep Otolaryngol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective:
We report an extremely rare case of ganglioneuroma involving the external auditory canal and middle ear.
Case report:
Ganglioneuromas are rare benign mature tumors thought to originate from sympathetic ganglions, with the highest incidence in the retroperitoneum, adrenal medulla, and posterior mediastinum. We present a case of ganglioneuroma of the external auditory canal and middle ear. At the age of 12 months, the patient was diagnosed with neuroblastoma stage IV with metastasis to the squamous temporal bone, bone marrow, and skull base. He received a high-risk protocol regimen resulting in complete remission. The patient later presented with recurrent right ear discharge at the age of six years and was diagnosed with ganglioneuroma of external auditory canal and middle ear after appropriate investigations. We report in this article the clinical presentation, investigations, surgical intervention, and follow-up.
Conclusion:
After the literature review and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of its kind. Ganglioneuroma maturing from neuroblastoma is one of the theories describing pathophysiology of the disease. Ganglioneuroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with recurrent ear discharge and decreased hearing in treated cases of neuroblastoma with metastases to temporal bone.
Posterior cerebral fossa medulloepithelioma: report of a case
Authors: Nezha Oumghar, Fatima Ezzahra Hazmiri, Abdelhamid El Omrani, Hanane Rais, Mouna Khouchani
Journal: BMC Clin Pathol (2017)
Keywords: infratentorial, medulloepithelioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, radiotherapy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Medulloepithelioma is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central nervous system, usually developing in childhood. Due to its rarity, the optimal management is still unknown. The prognosis is poor, especially when resection is incomplete. Adjuvant radiochemotherapy is often indicated.
Case presentation:
We report a rare case of infratentorial medulloepithelioma in a 3 year old girl. She presented symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. On examination, she had coordination problems, ptosis and exotropia of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large cerebellar vermix tumor. Immuno-histochemistry revealed a diffuse positivity for Vimentin and focal positivity for the epithelial membrane antigen, but Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Synaptophysin were negative, the MIB-1 antibody was very high. She received postoperative craniospinal irradiation and died 7 months later.
Conclusion:
We describe the features (epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic outcomes) of our case and confront it to literature data.
Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma Presenting with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Young Female
Authors: Divya Salhan, Prakash Verma, Tun Win Naing, Ebad Ur Rehman, Saroj Kandel, Danillo Enriquez, Joseph Quist, Frances Schmidt
Journal: Case Rep Pulmonol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (PPDLBCL) is an extremely rare entity, which exhibits an aggressive behavior by compressing local blood vessels. It represents only 0.04% of all lymphoma cases and is extremely rare in young age. We present a case of a primary pulmonary lymphoma with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) in a young female. 27-year-old African American female presented with fever, cough, and facial puffiness for 2 weeks and unintentional weight loss. Chest examination showed decreased breath sounds and dullness on percussion on right side. Labs were normal except for mild leukocytosis, high lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase. Chest X-ray showed a large right side infiltrate with pleural effusion but chest CT showed 10 × 14 × 16 cm mass in the right lung without hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. CT guided biopsy of the right lung mass was done and large B cell lymphoma was diagnosed. She received "involved field radiation" because of the bulky tumor size and superior vena cava involvement prior to R-CHOP to which she responded well. PPDLBCL should be considered as one of the differentials in a young patient with a large lung mass, which needs timely diagnosis and management.
Ultrasonography Findings in the Proximal Sciatic Nerve and Deep Gluteal Muscles in 29 Dogs With Suspected Sciatic Neuritis
Authors: Tiiu M Toijala, Debra A Canapp, Sherman O Canapp
Journal: Front Vet Sci (2021)
Keywords: deep gluteal muscles, dog, sciatic nerve, sciatic neuritis, ultrasonography

The present study aimed to describe the ultrasonography technique and analyze the ultrasonographic findings of the proximal sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles in dogs with suspected sciatic neuritis. The records of 29 dogs that underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound of the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles were retrospectively evaluated. Both right and left sides were evaluated. Abnormal findings were unilateral in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs. The muscles examined included the piriformis muscle, gemelli muscles, internal obturator muscle, and medial gluteal muscle. Data included signalment, purpose of the dog, orthopedic examination findings, lameness examination findings, other diagnostic imaging findings, and ultrasonography findings. Irregular margins of the sciatic nerve were recorded in 76% of the dogs. The diameter of the sciatic nerve on the affected limb was significantly larger than the nerve on the contralateral, unaffected side (p < 0.00001). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the sciatic nerve inner diameter between the unaffected and affected limbs was 15 ± 14.66%. The mean ± SD in sciatic nerve outer diameter was 12 ± 7.71%. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in at least one of the examined muscles were found in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs and included changes in echogenicity in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs, loss of detail in muscle fiber pattern in 5/29 (17%) of the dogs, and impingement between the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle in 6/29 (21%) of the dogs. The most common underlying diagnosis was lumbosacral stenosis in 9/29 (31%) of the dogs. The most common sport was agility for 21/29 (71%) of the dogs. Repetitive jumping may predispose to both lumbosacral disease, through dynamic compression, and changes within the piriformis muscle, due to overuse of the muscle leading to irritation to sciatic nerve. Ultrasonography is considered a safe and non-invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles of dogs, and provides additional guidance for diagnostics and rehabilitation planning. This is the first study documenting ultrasonography findings in a case series of the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles and their pathology in dogs.
Unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: soft tissue mass in the supraclavicular region of the neck
Authors: Slim Jarboui, Abdelwaheb Hlel, Alifa Daghfous, Mohamed Ali Bakkey, Imed Sboui
Journal: Case Rep Med (2012)

Cystic hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It may affect any organ and tissue in the body, in particular the liver and Lung. Musculoskeletal or soft tissue hydatidosis accounts for about 0,5%-5% of all echinococcal infections in endemic areas and is almost secondary to the hepatic or pulmonary disease (Karaman et al., 2011; Dirican et al., 2008; Kouskos et al., 2007). Case Presentation. We report an unusual case of primary subcutaneous hydatidosis in the left supraclavicular region of the neck. A 53-year-old female patient was admitted with three-month history of pain and gradually growing mass located in the left supraclavicular region. Physical examination revealed a moderately hard, painful, and erythematous mass. The blood cell count was normal. Computed tomography demonstrated, a multilocular cystic lesion with thin borders and thin wall. The mass is binocular and extends to the scapula. CT showed no involvement of the lung. From these signs, the patient was diagnosed as having abscess (bacterial infection or tuberculosis). The diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection was made per operatively after visualization of the cyst wall and the daughter cysts. Following irrigation of cystic cavity with hypertonic saline solution, the cyst wall was excised along with a portion of surrounding tissue. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the hydatid origin. Hemagglutination tests for Echinococcus and ELISA were negative. Ultrasound of the abdomen was normal. The patient received albendazole (400 mg/day) for 8 weeks postoperatively. No sign of recurrence could be detected by physical examination and imaging (CT) at 4-month followup. Conclusion. The case illustrates that echinococcal disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every cystic mass in every anatomic location, especially when it occurs in endemic areas.
Case report: Histological findings of peri-appendicitis in three children with SARS-CoV-2 - related multisystem inflammatory syndrome: A mark for systemic inflammation?
Authors: Marianna Fabi, Francesco Vasuri, Fiorentina Guida, Alessandro Rocca, Mario Lima, Antonietta D'Errico, Marcello Lanari
Journal: Front Pediatr (2022)
Keywords: covid-19, mis-c, appendicitis, histology, inflammation
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that can potentially develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Gastrointestinal manifestation in MIS-C can mimic acute abdomen, potentially leading to unnecessary surgical treatment. Immune-mediated mechanisms seem to be a determining factor in its pathogenesis, and histological studies can help to shed light on this aspect. We describe three cases of children diagnosed with MIS-C that underwent appendectomy.
Methods:
We retrospectively collected the clinical features and histological findings of three previously healthy children who underwent appendectomy for clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis but were later diagnosed with MIS-C.
Findings:
The three children presented with prominent abdominal manifestations and fever leading to the suspicion of acute abdomen. Histological findings showed transmural and perivascular inflammation. Notably, CD68+ macrophages were predominant in the child with milder abdominal symptoms without cardiac injury, while CD3+ lymphocytes in the patient presented with more severe abdominal pain and cardiovascular involvement at admission.
Interpretation:
Gastrointestinal symptoms of children with MIS-C improve after proper immunomodulatory therapy, conversely showing inadequate response to surgical appendectomy. Histological findings revealed different inflammatory cell infiltration that primarily involved perivisceral fat and vessels, and subsequently mucosal tissue, in contrast to other forms of acute appendicitis. Our findings suggest that this kind of peri-appendicitis in MIS-C could represent a focal sign of systemic inflammation, with different histological patterns compared to other forms of acute appendicitis.
Commercial Video Games in School Teaching: Two Mixed Methods Case Studies on Students' Reflection Processes
Authors: Marco Rüth, Kai Kaspar
Journal: Front Psychol (2021)
Keywords: commercial video games, formal education, game-based learning, guided discovery learning, motivation, reflection, video game acceptance

Commercial video games are popular entertainment media and part of students' media reality. While commercial video games' main purpose is not learning, they nonetheless could and should serve as objects of reflection in formal educational settings. Teachers could guide student learning and reflection as well as motivate students with commercial video games, but more evidence from formal educational settings is required. We conducted two mixed methods case studies to investigate students' reflection processes using commercial video games in regular formal high school teaching. In a double lesson, 29 students of a 10th-grade biology course (Study 1) and 17 students of a 12th-grade advanced course on history (Study 2) played and discussed a commercial video game related to the current curricular topic. We examined the reflection processes of students in terms of their reactions to the teachers' game-related statements and questions. Regarding teachers' statements, students discussed several topics related to game enjoyment and the games' representation of topic-related content. Regarding teachers' questions, students discussed multiple goals in each game, how the games represented topic-related content, and how the games could be appropriate for learning. In Study 2, students additionally discussed emotions, stereotypes, violence, and the narrative related to the digital history game. We found that the discussions provided students opportunities to reflect on their game experiences and the current curricular topic as well as to practice media criticism. We further provide quantitative results on students' perceived topic knowledge, on several facets of their learning motivation, and on their acceptance of video games. Overall, our findings illustrate the educational value of using commercial video games as objects of reflection.
Iron deficiency anemia induced by magnesium overuse: a case report
Authors: Hiroshi Sugimoto, Ui Yamada
Journal: Biopsychosoc Med (2019)
Keywords: anorexia nervosa, iron deficiency anemia, magnesium overuse
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Although in vitro studies show that iron absorption can be inhibited by magnesium laxatives such as magnesium oxide, taking oral iron supplements with magnesium laxatives is not considered a clinical problem.
Case presentation:
A 28-year-old woman diagnosed with anorexia nervosa who overused magnesium laxatives was admitted to our hospital to evaluate her refractory iron deficiency anemia (IDA), despite having taken oral iron replacement therapy for nine months. She had had amenorrhea for years and her fecal occult blood tests were negative. Furthermore, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no suspected gastroduodenal bleeding or gastroenteritis. We considered her IDA to be induced by malabsorption of iron due to magnesium laxative overuse. Psychoeducational intervention stopped the overuse and oral iron replacement therapy was switched to the intravenous route. During outpatient follow-up, her anemia gradually improved; however, when her magnesium laxative overuse began again, her hemoglobin levels suddenly decreased.
Conclusions:
Clinicians should be attentive to the interactions between iron and magnesium laxatives.
Bronchial erosion and migration of Port-A-Cath, a case report
Authors: Mahseeri Mohamad, Tayseer Ahmad Sabbah Al-Tawarah, Mohammad Alqasem Ayed Odeh Aladaileh, Azzam Hunsi Khalaf, Hebah Hisham Hawasheen, Mahmoud Abu-Abeeleh
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: central line, erosion, migration, port-a-cath, venous access

Introduction:
Several possible complications are known to be related to central venous catheters.
Presentation of case:
A 20-year-old lady had a catheter (Port-a-Cath) inserted in the left subclavian vein to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma. One year after insertion, on receiving intravenous chemotherapy the patient began coughing. Imaging studies showed the tip of the catheter to be crossing the superior mediastinum into the upper lobe of the right lung. The patient was taken to the operating room and the Port-a-Cath catheter was removed intact.
Discussion:
Migration is a rare complication associated with insertion of these lines. Accompanying erosion into an airway is even rarer.
Conclusion:
Any unexplained deterioration in the respiratory system should raise suspicion of catheter migration and bronchial erosion.
Osteoid osteoma of the great toe mimicking osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ismail Turkmen, Bugra Alpan, Salih Soylemez, Feyza Unlu Ozkan, Koray Unay, Korhan Ozkan
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2013)

Osteoid osteomas are well-known benign tumors, seen generally in long bones. When seen in phalanxes or toes, they can cause a diagnostic dilemma. A young male presented to us with complaints of enlargement of the great toe and severe pain. He had had an ingrown toe-nail operation before, and this situation caused a diagnostic dilemma. In this case report, we emphasize that osteoid osteomas can cause diagnostic dilemmas and it should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis.
The Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to Determine Supernumerary and Impacted Teeth Position in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Hossein Nematolahi, Hamed Abadi, Zahra Mohammadzade, Mostafa Soofiani Ghadim
Journal: J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects (2013)
Keywords: cbct, impacted teeth, odontoma, pediatric dentistry, supernumerary teeth
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A case of a compound odontoma which caused delayed eruption of right maxillary central incisor in a ten year old girl is presented with clinical and radiographic findings. The patient presented with complaint of a hard painless swelling in the right anterior region of the maxilla and absence of right maxillary central incisor. After clinical examination, periapical and occlusal radiographs of the mentioned region were taken. Impacted maxillary right central incisor was seen malformed shape on the intraoral radiographs. After taking a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) a compound odontoma associated with the labial aspect of impacted maxillary right central incisor was diagnosed and then removed by simple local excision under local anesthesia. The removal of the odontoma was followed by forced eruption of the impacted central incisor. After three months the tooth returned to its original position.
Peroneal nerve palsy caused by a synovial cyst of the proximal tibiofibular joint: a report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Fekih Aymen, Saadana Jacem, Othman Youssef, Aloui Issam, Abid Abderrazek
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2019)
Keywords: synovial cyst, ganglion cyst, peroneal nerve, proximal tibiofibular joint, treatment
MeSH terms: Knee Joint / pathology, Peroneal Neuropathies / etiology, Synovial Cyst / complications, Case Reports, Review, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Synovial Cyst / diagnosis, Synovial Cyst / surgery

Synovial cyst of the proximal tibiofibular joint is a very rare condition, for which there is no consensus regarding treatment. Two macroscopic forms may be encountered: extraneural cysts and intraneural cysts. We present the cases of two patients who had synovial cysts of proximal tibiofibular joint that caused peroneal nerve palsy. We discussed the special features of synovial cysts and reviewed the literature. We considered the best treatment of synovial cysts originating from proximal tibiofibular joint and causing peroneal nerve palsy to be a total surgical removal as soon as possible after the diagnosis is made. However, follow-up is needed because recurrence is possible. It should be kept in mind that despite surgical treatment the neurological symptoms may not recover.
On-Treatment Elevation in Hepatic Transaminases during HCV Treatment with Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Dasabuvir, Ritonavir, and Ribavirin: A Case Series
Authors: Madelyne Bean, Lydia Tang, Shyam Kottilil, Kimberly L Beavers, Eric G Meissner
Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis (2016)

Eradication of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now possible with all oral antiviral medications, including the combination of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, dasabuvir, and ritonavir (PrOD) with or without ribavirin. While high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) can be achieved, a small subset of patients experience on-treatment liver enzyme elevations, in particular women using concurrent estradiol-containing oral contraceptive medications (OCPs). Herein, we describe four cases of liver enzyme elevations within 2-3 weeks of PrOD initiation in African-American men infected with HCV genotype 1a or 1b. Three patients with varying degrees of hepatic fibrosis received a full treatment course without medication modification, achieved SVR, and experienced resolution of liver enzyme abnormalities. One patient with cirrhosis was switched mid-treatment to an alternate HCV regimen, experienced subsequent resolution of liver enzyme abnormalities, and achieved SVR. In summary, these cases suggest that all HCV patients treated with PrOD, independent of gender or concurrent medications, should have laboratory monitoring for liver enzyme elevations, with a particular emphasis on early monitoring in cirrhotic patients.