OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Sirolimus-based immunosuppression as GVHD prophylaxis after bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Katia Perruccio, Elena Mastrodicasa, Francesco Arcioni, Ilaria Capolsini, Carla Cerri, Grazia Gurdo, Maurizio Caniglia
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2015)

Congenital or acquired severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) is cured by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a histocompatible leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) identical sibling. The best conditioning regimen is cyclophosphamide (CTX) with or without antithymocyte globulin (ATG), followed by short-term methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine A (CsA) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In our pediatric oncology-hematology unit, a 5-year-old girl with SAA was treated with two BMT from the same HLA-identical sibling donor. Severe CsA-induced adverse events (severe hypertension and PRES) after the first BMT led necessarily to CSA withdrawal. Alternative immunosuppressive treatment for GvHD prevention as tacrolimus and mycophenolate were not tolerated by our patient because toxicity > grade II. For this reason we decided to administrate sirolimus alone as GvHD prophylaxis and to prevent disease relapse after the rescue BMT. Here we report the successful use of sirolimus alone for GvHD prophylaxis after the second transplant in a pediatric BMT setting for SAA.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Overlapping with Autoimmune Hepatitis in an HIV-Infected Patient on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Margaret Caplan, Apurva Trivedi, Mary McLaughlin, Annick Hebou, David E Kleiner, Theo Heller, Caryn G Morse
Journal: J Interdiscip Histopathol (2013)
Keywords: hiv, autoimmune hepatitis, immune reconstitution, liver biopsy, overlap syndrome

Liver disease in HIV-infected patients is complex and multifactorial. Drug toxicity and infections are common causes of elevations in liver-associated enzymes. Immune reconstitution and unmasking of autoimmune disease may also play a role, particularly in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy. In this case report, we describe the first reported biopsy-confirmed case of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome presenting in an HIV-infected patient following initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
Rectal adenocarcinoma in patients with anorectal malformations: report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: P Midrio, S Battaglia, E Urso, M Castagnetti, P Gamba
Journal: Springerplus (2016)
Keywords: anorectal malformation, pull-through, rectal cancer, recto-vestibular fistula, urethral fistula
MeSH terms: Review

Aim:
Anorectal malformation (ARM) is a rare congenital disorder of the anus and rectum. In the last 30 years virtually all patients born with ARM have survived and surgeons from adult care may be called to deal with new and long-term sequelae, including tumors of the pulled-through anorectum. Two new cases of colorectal carcinoma in young adults born with ARM and a review of the literature is reported to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary follow-up.
Methods:
A man and a woman, with previous history of ARM, presented at 34 years of age with symptoms of intestinal occlusion and a large pelvic mass. Both patients had no familial history of colorectal carcinoma.
Results:
The patients underwent biopsies (mucinous rectal adenocarcinoma) and stadiation (T4N0M0). In one case the microsatellite instability showed a stable profile. Despite maximal treatments, including surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, they both died a few years after diagnosis for progression of disease.
Conclusion:
Case studies are too limited to suggest guidelines for prevention and treatment of such complications, but the life-long follow-up is mandatory in the framework of a well-established network between pediatric and adult surgeons. The risk of tumor development in these patients should not be neglected and colleagues from adult care should be aware of the possibility this occurs in their practice.
Pleuritis due to Mycobacterium xenopi without pulmonary infection
Authors: Keren Bachar, Tiberiu Shulimzon, Efrat Ofek, Michael J Segel
Journal: Access Microbiol (2022)
Keywords: mycobacterium xenopi, pleuritis, pulmonary infection
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may cause pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Pleuritis is an uncommon manifestation on NTM disease, and pleuritis caused by Mycobacterium xenopi has only been described once before. Because it is considered to be an environmental contaminant, isolation of M. xenopi from bronchopulmonary secretions or other sites is often dismissed. The disease caused by M. xenopi is usually a pulmonary infection and typically occurs in severely immunocompromised individuals or in immunocompetent patients with an underlying chronic lung disease. We describe an unusual case of pleuritis caused by M. xenopi in a patient without an underlying chronic lung disease and with no evidence of a concurrent M. xenopi pulmonary infection.
#JusticeforGeorgeFloyd: How Instagram facilitated the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests
Authors: Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Allissa Richardson, Emilio Ferrara
Journal: PLoS One (2022)
MeSH terms: Social Group, Black or African American, Humans, Social Justice

We present and analyze a database of 1.13 million public Instagram posts during the Black Lives Matter protests of 2020, which erupted in response to George Floyd's public murder by police on May 25. Our aim is to understand the growing role of visual media, focusing on a) the emergent opinion leaders and b) the subsequent press concerns regarding frames of legitimacy. We perform a comprehensive view of the spatial (where) and temporal (when) dynamics, the visual and textual content (what), and the user communities (who) that drove the social movement on Instagram. Results reveal the emergence of non-institutional opinion leaders such as meme groups, independent journalists, and fashion magazines, which contrasts with the institutionally reinforcing nature of Twitter. Visual analysis of 1.69 million photos show symbols of injustice are the most viral coverage, and moreover, actual protest coverage is framed positively, in contrast with combatant frames traditionally found from legacy media. Together, these factors helped facilitate the online movement through three phases, culminating with online international solidarity in #BlackOutTuesday. Through this case study, we demonstrate the precarious nature of protest journalism, and how content creators, journalists, and everyday users co-evolved with social media to shape one of America's largest-ever human rights movements.
A rare case of lateral sinus thrombosis with carotid space abscess
Authors: Gautam Bir Singh, Anil K Rai, Sarvejeet Singh, Mukul Sinha
Journal: Case Rep Otolaryngol (2012)

This case report describes a case of carotid space abscess secondary to lateral sinus thrombosis associated with internal jugular vein thrombosis. With this case, we illustrate a rare entity that presented in an extremely rare manner. To the authors knowledge such a case has not been previously reported.
Potential usefulness of the kampo medicine yokukansan, containing uncaria hook, for paediatric emotional and behavioural disorders: a case series
Authors: Yoshiyuki Tanaka, Takeshi Sakiyama
Journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2013)

Background. Paediatric emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) are relatively common diseases. Although nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments are utilized in these cases, it is sometimes difficult to manage the symptoms of EBD. Historically, Uncaria hook has been used for treating nighttime crying and convulsions in children. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the Kampo medicine Yokukansan (YKS), which contains Uncaria hook, is efficacious for behaviour disorders in Alzheimer's disease patients. Herein, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of YKS in a series of cases with paediatric EBD. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric patients who sought Japanese Kampo therapy at our outpatient clinics between April 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013; we selected patients who were diagnosed with paediatric EBD and were treated with YKS. Results. After screening all candidates, 3 patients were eligible for this analysis. Their average age was 11.6 years (range 10-13 years). All 3 patients responded very well to YKS within 1 month. No drug-related adverse events were observed during the course of YKS treatment. Conclusion. Yokukansan may be efficacious for paediatric EBD. We believe these results warrant further evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of Yokukansan for paediatric EBD in a carefully designed, double-blind, randomized clinical study.
Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint Secondary to Acute Otitis Media in an Adult: A Rare Case with Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Authors: Ryan Chin Taw Cheong, Laura Harding
Journal: Case Rep Otolaryngol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (SATMJ) is a rare complication of acute otitis media (AOM) with only four reported cases in the English and Japanese literature. Based on the unusual nature of this clinical condition, we discuss the first documented case due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans and the utility of myringotomy with long-term intravenous antibiotics via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). We describe the case of a 76-year-old male patient that was brought in by ambulance to the accident and emergency (A&E) department due to severe right-sided otalgia with increased hearing impairment. A clinical diagnosis of acute otitis media with sepsis was made and the patient was commenced on the sepsis protocol. He then developed symptoms of septic arthritis of the TMJ which was confirmed on radiological imaging. After a multidisciplinary team discussion, the patient was treated with a myringotomy and intravenous ceftriaxone for 8 weeks in the community via a PICC rather than TMJ arthrocentesis with positive outcomes at 3 months' follow-up.
Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Olmesartan-Associated Collagenous Gastroduodenitis: A Potential Endoscopic Complication
Authors: Rachel Hudacko, Lance Siegel
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Collagenous gastroenteritis is a rare disease that is known to be associated with the drug olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It is characterized histologically by increased subepithelial collagen deposition with associated inflammation and epithelial injury. Endoscopically, the mucosa appears inflamed and friable and may be nodular or atrophic. We report a case of acute gastric bleeding on direct mucosal contact during endoscopy in a patient with olmesartan-associated collagenous gastroduodenitis to raise awareness of this potential endoscopic complication.
Where Is the Vagina? A Rectal Stricture after a Presumed Cloacal Repair Turns Out to be the Mobilized Vagina and a Missed High Rectovaginal Fistula
Authors: Shimon E Jacobs, Laura Tiusaba, Elizaveta Bokova, Tamador Al-Shamaileh, Teresa L Russell, Briony K Varda, Christina Feng, Andrea T Badillo, Marc A Levitt
Journal: European J Pediatr Surg Rep (2022)
Keywords: anorectal malformation, cloaca, cloacagram, imperforate anus, rectovaginal fistula
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present a case of a rare complication in a 10-month-old female referred to our institution for an anal stricture after primary cloacal repair as an infant. Multimodal imaging, careful physical exam, and endoscopic evaluation revealed her vagina had been pulled through to the location of her anal sphincter muscle complex. We describe the correction of this problem, including identification of her rectum.
Adjunctive Use of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing in Detecting Pancreas Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Aixa E Soyano, Candice Baldeo, Pashtoon M Kasi
Journal: Front Oncol (2019)
Keywords: circulating tumor dna (ctdna), circulating tumor cells (ctc), liquid biopsy, pancreas cancer, relapse/recurrence
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Liquid biopsies (circulating tumor DNA-ctDNA testing) are increasingly being utilized in clinical trials as well as practice for the detection of cancer, monitoring of tumor genomic abnormalities, response to treatment and early detection of relapse/recurrence. Here, we present a challenging case where liquid biopsy was used to confirm an early recurrence of pancreatic cancer where acquisition of tissue was not safe or feasible on more than one occasion.
Prolonged Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support with Cardiopulmonary Failure in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Maris Bartkevics, Bert Hennig, Tayfun Gungor, Roland Ammann, Alexander Kadner
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report a case of a child survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of 25 days for cardiopulmonary failure and septic shock in the context of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). ECMO support is still a matter of debate for the management of septic patients with malignancy. However, these patients are at increased risk for early death secondary to pulmonary complications due to leukostasis, direct pulmonary infiltration with WBC, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome following malignant cell lysis. Despite the high risk of complications, ECMO support must be discussed as part of management, providing better outcome in this group of patients.
An unexpected case report of epidermoid cyst at the oculomotor nerve: mimicking a common cyst on MRI
Authors: Yuhao He, Sunfu Zhang
Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2023)
Keywords: mri, cyst < pathology, epidermoid and dermoid cyst, intracranial lesions, oculomotor nerve
MeSH terms: Epidermal Cyst / diagnostic imaging, Epidermal Cyst / surgery, Case Reports, Adolescent, Child, Diagnosis, Differential, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oculomotor Nerve / diagnostic imaging

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign lesions and are rarely seen in clinical practice. Owing to similarities in imaging findings to those of common cystic lesions, the preoperative diagnosis is rendered challenging. Here, we present a case report of an epidermoid cyst at the right oculomotor nerve, which was initially misdiagnosed as a common cyst. A 14-year-old female child was admitted to our department due to a previous magnetic resonance imaging scan of a cystic lesion on the right side of the saddle that was suspected to be an oculomotor nerve cyst. In our department, this patient underwent a complete surgical resection of the tumor, and the pathology results revealed an epidermoid cyst. This is the first study that reported an epidermoid cyst at the right oculomotor nerve entering the orbit, mimicking a common cyst in imaging. We hope that this study would allow clinicians to consider this type of lesion as a differential diagnosis. Moreover, we suggest that specific diffusion-weighted imaging scan should be performed to aid in the diagnosis.
Complicated spontaneous pneumoparotid mimicking a neck mass in a child with Down's syndrome
Authors: Sheree C Gray, Jacobus A Pienaar, Zelia Sofianos, Jacob Varghese
Journal: SA J Radiol (2020)
Keywords: paediatric population, pneumoparotid, self-induced pneumoparotid, spontaneous, stensen’s duct
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Spontaneous or self-induced pneumoparotid, which usually manifests as acute unilateral gland enlargement, is caused by insufflation of air from the oral cavity via Stensen's duct. A 9-year-old patient, with known Down's syndrome, presented with a progressively enlarging, painless, spontaneous, left neck mass. Computed tomography showed features consistent with pneumoparotid, without underlying associated pathology. Identification of true cases of spontaneous pneumoparotid is crucial, as these require a holistic management approach to prevent recurrence and complications.
Dentigerous cyst: enucleation or marsupialization? (a case report)
Authors: El Gaouzi Rajae, El Harti Karima
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2021)
Keywords: dentigerous cyst, case report, enucleation, marsupialization
MeSH terms: Dentigerous Cyst / diagnosis, Dentigerous Cyst / surgery, Case Reports, Review, Humans

Dentigerous cysts, also called follicular cysts, are slow-growing benign odontogenic cysts that are thought to be developmental in origin. On imaging, they usually present as a well-defined and unilocular radiolucency surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. This article presents a case of unilateral mandibular dentigerous cysts associated with unerupted mandibular canine in a healthy patient treated by enucleation, along with a review of the literature and an examination of the treatment modality. The aim of this paper is to highlight how to choose the adequate treatment for dentigerous cyst cases.
Successful Radical Pneumonectomy for a Primitive Neuroendodermal Tumor in the Lung: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bingqing Yue, Peng Chen, Pan Yin, Jiankai Wang, Fanying Liu, Duo Zhao, Jingyu Chen, Hua Jiang
Journal: Front Surg (2021)
Keywords: diagnosis, pneumonectomy, primitive neuroendodermal tumors, prognosis, small round cell malignant tumors
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Peripheral primitive neuroendodermal tumors (PNETs) and Ewing's sarcoma belong to the Ewing family of tumors and are small round-cell malignancies originating from spinal cord cells. These tumors account for 5% of all small round-cell malignant neoplasms. PNETs that arise from the lung parenchyma without pleural or chest wall involvement are very rare. We report a case of an adult female with a large pulmonary PNET who had given birth just 1 month prior to the diagnosis. She had cough and expectoration for 6 months, and the preoperative examination showed no metastases. Thus, we performed radical pneumonectomy and lymph node dissection. The patient recovered well without surgical complications and was discharged 7 days after the surgery. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the tumor was a small round-cell malignancy, and the tumor cells were positive for CD99, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), which was consistent with the diagnosis of a PNET. For primary large pulmonary PNETs, radical pneumonectomy may be a safe surgical method, worthy of further application in clinical practice.
Case Report: Identification of Mutations in LAMP2 in Two Chinese Infants With Danon Disease
Authors: Luyan Zhang, Fan Yang, Mei Chen, Ming Zhou, Tianwei Qian, Mohammed Omer Mujtaba, Abdul Haseeb Mohammed, Jie Yin, Xueying Cheng, Jinlong Chen, Yuming Qin, Shiwei Yang
Journal: Front Genet (2021)
Keywords: danon disease, lamp2, myh7, genetics, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Danon disease (DD) is a monogenic lysosomal storage disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and variable degrees of intellectual disability. It is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Two unrelated boys who presented with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and elevated levels of liver enzymes, and were diagnosed with Danon disease at a very young age, were investigated. One boy was diagnosed at 4 months old and died soon after; his mother also died of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shortly after his birth. Another developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at 3 months old but reported no significant cardiovascular symptoms during more than 5 years follow-up. Genetic screening found compound variants of LAMP2 and MYH7 in both of them. This report highlights the clinical heterogeneity in DD. The timely identification of LAMP2 mutation plays a critical role in their treatment and family counseling.
Novel compound heterozygous mutations of LAMA2-limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Duo-Zi Wang, Bing-Hu Li, Qiong Ma, Zhou Yu, Kai Chen, Ying He, Song Tan
Journal: Front Neurol (2023)
Keywords: lama2, lgmdr23, mdc1a, case report, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, merosin
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The laminin α2 (LAMA2) gene pathogenic variants can lead to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (known as LGMDR23), which is rarely reported and characterized by proximal weakness in the limbs. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman who gradually developed weakness in both lower extremities since the age of 32 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed symmetrical sphenoid wings-like white matter demyelination in bilateral lateral ventricles. Electromyography showed quadriceps muscle damage on the bilateral lower extremity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) found two loci variations in the LAMA2 gene, i.e., c.2749 + 2dup and c.8689C>T. This case highlights the importance of considering LGMDR23 in patients presenting with weakness and white matter demyelination on MRI brain and further expands the gene variants spectrum of LGMDR23.
Posttraumatic Progressive Vertebral Hemangioma Induced by a Fracture
Authors: Kaya Kilic, Emre Unal, Zafer Orkun Toktas, Fugen Vardar Aker, Akın Akakın, Türker Kilic
Journal: Case Rep Surg (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The authors present an extremely rare case of an aggressive and progressive vertebral capillary hemangioma of the lumbar spine secondary to a trauma. A 40-year-old man who complained of back and leg pain due to a hemangioma of L1 that had begun a year after the fracture of the same vertebra was subsequently operated on. Due to the profuse bleeding, only a subtotal removal was possible. Histopathological diagnosis of the lesion revealed a capillary hemangioma. Postoperative control MRI taken at eight months showed that the lesion and destruction of the L1 vertebra were progressive. A second embolization procedure was performed and this time the hemangioma was totally removed via an anterior approach and corpectomy. Fusion was achieved by Th12-L2 graft and plaque. In the fourteenth year of follow-up, he was symptom-free and radiologically clear of this lesion. We propose that progressive hemangioma is extremely rare and that its cure is possible by total surgical removal of the lesion. This case is the second extradural capillary hemangioma secondary to spinal trauma ever to have been documented in English literature. The emergence of a hemangioma in a fractured vertebra suggests that its pathogenesis can be related to the deviation of the angiogenetic pathways from the normal healing process.
Phytocontact Dermatitis due to Mustard Seed Mimicking Burn Injury: Report of a Case
Authors: Hakan Yabanoglu, Sami Akbulut, Feza Karakayali
Journal: Case Rep Med (2012)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Mustard seeds have been used in traditional folk medicine as a stimulant, diuretic, and purgative and to treat a variety of ailments including peritonitis and neuralgia. Mustards are still used today in mustard plasters to treat rheumatism, arthritis, chest congestion, aching back, and sore muscles. To make a mustard plaster, mix equal parts of flour and powdered mustard and spread it as a paste on a doubled piece of soft cloth. Apply mustard plaster to the affected area for a maximum of 15 minutes. Prolonged application can result in burns to the skin and nerve damage. Skin lesions occur within hours after exposure, and there is no significant therapy procedure. This case report is about a patient with second-degree burn, occurred when a mixture including mustard seed was exposed to her skin in the pain therapy of the osteoarthritis in her left knee. There are no studies analyzing treatment of skin burns induced by mustard seed in the literature. While in this type of burns our experience is limited, we think that conservative approach should be first choice of treatment.