OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Case Report: An extremely rare case of double extralobar pulmonary sequestration with anomalous supplying arteries originating from the abdominal aorta in the left thoracic cavity
Authors: Longfei Lv, Yunpeng Zhai, Huashan Zhao, Rui Guo, Hongxiu Xu, Shisong Zhang
Journal: Front Pediatr (2022)
Keywords: congenital lung malformation, extralobar sequestration, intralobar sequestration, pulmonary sequestration, thoracoscopic surgery
MeSH terms: Case Reports

To the best of our knowledge, double or multiple extralobar pulmonary sequestrations (PSs) with anomalous arterial supply in the ipsilateral thoracic cavity have rarely been reported before. PS can be divided into two types: intralobar sequestration (ILS) and extralobar sequestration (ELS). We encountered a 5-month-old infant with double ELS in the left thoracic cavity that was incidentally detected during thoracoscopic surgery. Surgical exploration revealed two separate, well-circumscribed abnormal masses in the left thoracic cavity, and the patient was successfully treated using thoracoscopic surgery. Postoperative pathology confirmed that both masses were PS tissues. Accurate preoperative diagnosis using CT alone may be inadequate in this type of case. Therefore, thoracoscopy may be more suitable for diagnosing and treating unusual ELS.
Omental pregnancy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Antonio Maiorana, Domenico Incandela, Laura Giambanco, Walter Alio, Luigi Alio
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2014)
Keywords: omental pregnancy, abdominal tenderness, nulliparous woman
MeSH terms: Abdominal Pain / etiology, Omentum, Pregnancy, Abdominal / diagnosis, Case Reports, Review, Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / blood, Female, Humans, Laparoscopy, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Abdominal / pathology, Young Adult, Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human

Pregnancy, the implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the endometrial cavity, occurs in 1.5%-2% of pregnancies. It is one of the major causes (about 6%) of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy. The remaining 5% implant in the ovary, peritoneal cavity, within the cervix, and the omental pregnancy is the least common form of abdominal pregnancies. A review of the literature on Medline for the period 1958-2012 reported only 16 cases of omental pregnancy. Here we report a case of primary omental pregnancy in a nulliparous woman. A 24 year-old woman gravid 1, para 0, with lower abdominal pain. Her last menstrual period occurred 8 weeks before the visit. The physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness in the lower quadrants, she was not bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound showed: a free anechoic/hypoechoic area of 30 x 57 mm in the pouch of Douglas and the endometrium was homogeneus with a thickness of 12 mm and no evidence of gestational sac in the uterine cavity. Laboratory data revealed a normal cell blood count and beta hcg levels of 8047 IU / L. Because of continuing abdominal pain and a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, which showed hemoperitoneum. Further inspection of abdominal cavity revealed a bloody lesion that was tenaciously adherent to the omentum, using non traumatic laparoscopic forceps and bipolar scissors we carefully removed a friable mass of about 30 mm from the omental attachments. Histological examination showed the presence of blood clot material mixed with trophoblastic tissue. Ultrasound evaluation and and hCG assessment are important to determine the extrauterine location of the ectopic pregnancy but the early diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy requires also a laparoscopic evaluation and, as our case has highlighted, thorough abdominal exploration especially in the absence of adnexal findings when ectopic pregnancy is highly suspected. Early diagnosis of omental pregnancy is difficult but essential to reduce the high mortality risk for the mother.
Intrascrotal extratesticular schwannoma
Authors: Viral Bhanvadia, Pm Santwani
Journal: J Cytol (2010)
Keywords: fine needle aspiration cytology, schwannoma, scrotum
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary nerve sheath tumors in an intrascrotal and extratesticular location are extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We report a fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)-diagnosed and histologically confirmed case of paratesticular schwannoma in a 32-year-old male. The patient had no evidence of neurofibromatosis and there was a pre-operative cytologic suspicion of leiomyoma as well. A palpable left-sided inguinal lymph node showed features of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. This case is documented to highlight the rarity of paratesticular schwannoma and the role of FNAC in its pre-operative interpretation.
Integration of Plant Defense Traits with Biological Control of Arthropod Pests: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Julie A Peterson, Paul J Ode, Camila Oliveira-Hofman, James D Harwood
Journal: Front Plant Sci (2016)
Keywords: biological control, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs), host plant resistance, transgenic crops, tritrophic interactions
MeSH terms: Review

Crop plants exhibit a wide diversity of defensive traits and strategies to protect themselves from damage by herbivorous pests and disease. These defensive traits may be naturally occurring or artificially selected through crop breeding, including introduction via genetic engineering. While these traits can have obvious and direct impacts on herbivorous pests, many have profound effects on higher trophic levels, including the natural enemies of herbivores. Multi-trophic effects of host plant resistance have the potential to influence, both positively and negatively, biological control. Plant defense traits can influence both the numerical and functional responses of natural enemies; these interactions can be semiochemically, plant toxin-, plant nutrient-, and/or physically mediated. Case studies involving predators, parasitoids, and pathogens of crop pests will be presented and discussed. These diverse groups of natural enemies may respond differently to crop plant traits based on their own unique biology and the ecological niches they fill. Genetically modified crop plants that have been engineered to express transgenic products affecting herbivorous pests are an additional consideration. For the most part, transgenic plant incorporated protectant (PIP) traits are compatible with biological control due to their selective toxicity to targeted pests and relatively low non-target impacts, although transgenic crops may have indirect effects on higher trophic levels and arthropod communities mediated by lower host or prey number and/or quality. Host plant resistance and biological control are two of the key pillars of integrated pest management; their potential interactions, whether they are synergistic, complementary, or disruptive, are key in understanding and achieving sustainable and effective pest management.
Acute Gastric Volvulus and Atrial Fibrillation with RVR: A Coincidence or Association
Authors: Omar Nadhem, Omar Salh, Faisal Khasawneh
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Gastric volvulus is a rare and life-threatening condition that involves the abnormal rotation of the stomach around its axis by more than 180°. The association between acute gastric volvulus and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response is rare with only few cases that have been reported. Our patient was an 86-year-old female who presented with upper abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and shortness of breath. Clinical and laboratory workup revealed acute gastric volvulus with diaphragmatic hernia. On presentation, she was also in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. She was successfully treated by laparotomy with reduction of the gastric volvulus and repair of the diaphragmatic hernia, with significant improvement.
Case Report: Effectiveness of Targeted Treatment in a Patient With Pancreatic Cancer Harboring PALB2 Germline Mutation and KRAS Somatic Mutation
Authors: Wei Wu, Yu Liu, Yuzhi Jin, Lulu Liu, Yixuan Guo, Mian Xu, Qing Hao, Dazhi Li, Weijia Fang, Aibin Zhang, Peng Zhao
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2022)
Keywords: kras somatic mutation, palb2 germline mutation, case report, pancreatic cancer, targeted therapy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and precision medicine promote us to seek potential targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Here, we report a female pancreatic cancer patient who underwent radical surgical excision after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After the surgery, the patient underwent gemcitabine + S-1 therapy, capecitabine + albumin paclitaxel therapy and irinotecan therapy successively, however, MRI review revealed tumor progression. The surgical tissue sample was subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS), and PALB2 germline mutation and KRAS somatic mutation were identified. The patient then received olaparib (a PARP inhibitor) + irinotecan and the disease stabilized for one year. Due to the increased CA19-9, treatment of the patient with a combination of trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) and hydroxychloroquine resulted in stable disease (SD) with a significant decrease of CA19-9. This case demonstrated that the NGS may be a reliable method for finding potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
The treatment of a Morel-Lavallée lesion of the thigh with incision and drainage along with tissue debridement and a surgically placed drain: A case report and literature review
Authors: Minhua Hu, Junbang Chen, Luyao Ma, Feng Huang, Qunbin Cai
Journal: Front Surg (2023)
Keywords: morel-lavallée lesion, case report, closed degloving injury, post-traumatic subcutaneous cyst, surgical intervention
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
A Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a rare closed degloving injury that usually occurs around the hips and is associated with pelvic fractures after high-energy trauma, which is commonly overshadowed by other severe post-traumatic manifestations. An isolated MLL, mostly caused by low-energy violence, is even rarer. Thus, the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are often high. In this case report and literature review, we review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, imaging data, and treatment of this lesion to increase awareness of this rare disease.
Case report:
We report the case of an isolated MLL in the right thigh caused by trauma, which happened to be one of missed diagnosis both at the initial visit and at the return visit of the patient, with a significant sign of a mass on MRI. Given the size of the lesion, open debridement and irrigation were adopted to treat the lesion, and the patient recovered well post-operatively.
Conclusion:
Young surgeons should pay attention to the MLL with sufficient recognization to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Comprehensive physical examination and imaging data play important roles in the diagnosis of MLL. In the early stages of this injury, a detailed history review combined with physical examination and MRI, can reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The choice of the therapeutic scheme depends on the size and severity of the lesion. For an isolated MLL, compared with conservative treatments, we suggest that incision and drainage, along with tissue debridement and a surgically placed drain, will reduce the rates of infection and recurrence.
Troublesome Tuberculosis: A Case Report on Multi-focal Tuberculous Osteomyelitis in An Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Myo M Lynn, Jeeva R Kukanesen, Abdul W Khan
Journal: J Clin Med Res (2012)
Keywords: bone and joint tuberculosis, multi focal tuberculous osteomyelitis, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis

Bone and joint tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating condition that leads to progressive damage and even deformity of joints. It may affect one or multiple sites. It could present in a myriad of ways which may result in an incorrect diagnosis being made. Common misdiagnoses include seronegative inflammatory arthritis, septic arthritis, malignancy, osteoporotic fractures and mechanical type back pain. It was initially only diagnosed in patients with previous active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis. However, in recent years, it has also been reported in patients without a history of previous tuberculosis infection. Making a diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis is challenging. As the symptoms are not always typical, a delay in initiating anti-tuberculosis treatment is not uncommon in clinical practice. Systemic features are not always present in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis of joints which makes the diagnosis even more challenging. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is an increasingly common problem. It is not only limited to immunocompromised patients, but also found in immunocompetent patients. Multifocal tuberculous osteomyelitis is an uncommon condition and may involve any bone such as the skull, ribs, long bones, spine and phalanx. Tuberculous pyomyositis and tuberculous tenosynovitis may also be the presenting features of multifocal tuberculosis. Identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis in synovial fluid and biopsy, tissue culture, tissue fluid cytology and tissue polymerase chain reaction are crucial investigations in these cases. As the presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis can be very variable, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion. The diagnosis and therefore treatment may be expedited using a clinically directed multidisciplinary approach.
Keywords:
Bone and joint tuberculosis; Multi focal tuberculous osteomyelitis; Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; Latent tuberculosis.
Bisphosphonate-induced periprosthetic fracture: a cause of painful total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rahul Bhattacharyya, Stephanie Spence, Gavin O'Neill, Kumar Periasamy
Journal: Case Rep Surg (2014)

Background. Cases have been reported in the literature of periprosthetic fractures associated with the use of bisphosphonates occurring in the long term following a Total Hip Replacement (THR). We report an interesting case of periprosthetic fracture secondary to bisphosphonate use only a few months after a THR. Case Report. A 72-year-old lady (on bisphosphonates for 10 years) underwent a THR for osteoarthritis. She was pain-free in the first four months postoperatively. Thereafter, she developed spontaneous onset of pain in the lateral aspect of her thigh and groin and found it difficult to weight-bear. X-rays and blood tests were unremarkable. An ultrasound and MRI scan showed no evidence of effusion/collection or periprosthetic fracture. A radionuclide bone scan showed an abnormal appearance of the right femoral shaft. A subsequent CT scan showed an oblique vertical split on the anterior surface of the upper right femoral shaft. This stress fracture was managed nonoperatively with protected weight bearing. She has progressed well with good clinical and radiological signs of fracture healing. Conclusion. This case is an important addition to our knowledge that bisphosphonate-induced periprosthetic stress fractures can be a cause of hip pain only a few months following a THR.
PML-RARA Fusion Transcripts Detectable 8 Months prior to Promyelocytic Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Stephanie Wolanin, Robert K McCall, Mark J Pettenati, Michael W Beaty, Giovanni Insuasti-Beltran, Bayard L Powell, Stacey S O'Neill
Journal: Case Rep Hematol (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Promyelocytic blast crisis arising from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare. We present a 40-year-old male who developed promyelocytic blast crisis 17 months after CML diagnosis, confirmed by the presence of the t(15;17) and t(9;22) translocations in the leukemic cells. Preserved nucleic acids from routine BCR-ABL1 testing provided a unique opportunity to evaluate clonal progression over time. Retrospective analysis demonstrated PML-RARA fusion transcripts were first detectable 8 months prior to blast crisis presentation. A review of 21 cases of promyelocytic blasts crisis published in the literature reveals a male predominance with earlier age at onset as compared to females. Interestingly, TKI therapy during chronic phase did not impact the time interval between diagnosis and promyelocytic blast crisis. Treatment with standard acute promyelocytic leukemia regimens provides more favorable outcomes with complete molecular remission. Although rare, it is important to consider a promyelocytic blast crisis when evaluating for transformation of CML due to its effective treatment with specific therapies.
Intracranial Mycoplasma hominis infection following emergent craniectomy
Authors: Zahra Qamar, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris, Matthew A Pattengill, Maliha Ahmed, Bryan Hess
Journal: IDCases (2021)
Keywords: cranial infection, mycoplasma hominis, neurosurgery
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present a case of a young healthy female who developed recurrent cranial wound infections after a traumatic injury, the etiologic organism finally identified as Mycoplasma hominis, an uncommon and difficult to isolate bacterium.
Case Report: Development of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma a Long Time After Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Zsófia F Nagy, Kata Ferenczi, Ildikó Istenes, Hanna Eid, Csaba Bödör, Botond Timár, Judit Demeter
Journal: Pathol Oncol Res (2022)
Keywords: case report, diffuse large b cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, non-hodgkin lymphoma, transformation
MeSH terms: Leukemia, Hairy Cell / complications, Leukemia, Hairy Cell / pathology, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / pathology, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / pathology, Case Reports, B-Lymphocytes / pathology, Bone Marrow / pathology, Female, Humans

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare B cell malignancy with an indolent course leading to pancytopaenia due to bone marrow infiltration. It has been proposed that HCL patients are at risk of developing a secondary malignancy, with a marked likelihood of the development of other hematologic malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Here, we present the case of two patients who developed diffuse large B cell lymphoma after a long course of hairy cell leukaemia. In the case of the female patient, we report on the occurrence of a third malignant disease, which is very uncommon. With our case descriptions we contribute to the very small number of similar cases reported.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm associated with infective endocarditis: an autopsy case report
Authors: Razuin Rahimi, Nur Shafaradila Shamsul Anuar, Noor Kaslina Mohd Kornain, Norizal Mohd Noor
Journal: Egypt J Forensic Sci (2022)
Keywords: aortic valve, autopsy, infective endocarditis, pseudoaneurysm, valvular disease
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection of the heart valves or endocardium, with complications such as valve perforation, ring abscess, fistula, or damage to the subaortic structures. This case report aims to illustrate an atypical complication of IE which is a pseudoaneurysm depicting a periannular hemorrhage.
Case presentation:
We describe a case of a 19-year-old male youth who presented with fever and cough a few days prior to his demise. There was no known risk factor for IE. The autopsy revealed a bulging anterior surface, upper part of the left ventricle which was soft and slightly fluctuant. Cut section of the heart revealed large vegetations affecting the right and left coronary cusps of the aortic valve. The vegetations at the left coronary cusp were mobile, with necrotic and hollow area underneath, appearing like a cavity and containing blood clots. The course of the cavity was determined to be at the periannular region and contained within the myocardium. These findings were consistent with left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Culture of the vegetations specimen yielded growth of Granulicatella adiacens sp. anti-streptolysin O titre (ASOT) was 400 IU/mL and reported as positive.
Conclusions:
IE secondary to Granulicatella sp is rare and may result in catastrophic complications. Therefore, this case report is intended to highlight the autopsy findings of the disease as well as to create awareness of its subtle clinical symptoms.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis (MIRM) Mimicking Behçet's Disease and Paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP)
Authors: Hanish Jain, Garima Singh, Timothy Endy
Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

MIRM is an uncommon entity characterized by prominent mucositis, usually with sparse cutaneous involvement. The diagnosis of MIRM can be challenging due to the lack of awareness amongst clinicians. Patients with Behçet's disease usually present with recurrent and painful mucocutaneous ulcers, while other clinical manifestations of the disease are more variable. Here, we describe an interesting case of MIRM mimicking Behçet's disease and PNP highlighting the overlapping manifestations and diagnostic challenges.
Purulent cutaneous fistula: as the first symptom of the late aortic stent-graft infection-a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Damian Ziaja, Grzegorz Biolik, Jerzy Chudek, Krzysztof Ziaja
Journal: Case Rep Surg (2013)

Purpose. Aortic stent-graft infection with fistula formation is a rare complication with high mortality rate when treated surgically by stent-graft removal. We report a case of a patient with aortic stent-graft infection, prosthetic-duodenal, and prosthetic-cutaneous fistulas operated without the removal of an infected prosthesis and ineffectively tailored antibiotic therapy. Case Report. A 66-year-old patient with high cardiovascular risk and endovascular stent-graft implantation developed a symptomatic infection of the aortic stent graft 42 months after procedure. It was manifested by iliolumbar muscle abscess and two fistulas: prosthetic cutaneous and prosthetic duodenal. The prosthetic-duodenal fistula was excised and separated from the prosthesis. The perforation within the duodenum was closed in layers. Iliolumbar abscess was removed and drainage was effected .The stent graft was left. The patient received tailored antibiotic therapy. He was readmitted to hospital after 4 weeks with symptoms of infection and leakage of pus discharge in the lumbar area. Despite the antibiotic therapy, the total parenteral nutrition of the patient's clinical status and malnutrition deteriorated and he died of cardiac arrest. Conclusion. The presented case confirms that leaving off of the infected stent graft in the patient with severe comorbidity and treated with a tailored antibiotic therapy may not be effective.
Unusual Finding of Vertebral Artery Fenestration in Spontaneous Deep Nuclear Hemorrhage
Authors: Karuna Tamrakar, Binod Bhattarai, Sunil Munakomi, Pramod Chaudhary
Journal: Cureus (2016)
Keywords: extracranial, intracranial, spontaneous deep nuclear hemorrhage, vertebral artery fenestration
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Vertebral artery fenestration is accidentally detected during angiography or autopsy. Spontaneous deep nuclear hemorrhage in association with vertebral artery fenestration is a very unusual finding in angiography. Such an unusual finding has not been reported in the English literature. Here, we report two cases of spontaneous deep nuclear hemorrhage that presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. Computed tomography revealed a deep nuclear acute bleed in both cases. Digital subtraction angiographic findings were normal other than the presence of a long segment vertebral artery fenestration. Both extracranial and intracranial variations were detected. Although the existence of vascular fenestration in the vertebrobasilar system produces less clinical importance, it may influence the management of cervical and intracranial pathologies to avoid iatrogenic injury.