OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Leveraging tuberculosis programs for future pandemic preparedness: A retrospective look on COVID-19
Authors: Whitney Bowen, Ho Tri, Sebastian Romero, Roaa Shaheen, Victoria Kipngetich, Nick McGowan, Sungho Moon, Esha Bhattacharya, Robert Hecht, Shan Soe-Lin, Chris Collins
Journal: PLOS Glob Public Health (2024)

Worldwide, COVID-19 has decimated healthcare systems and highlighted the pressing need to ensure resilience for future pandemics. Given the almost 30% likelihood of another respiratory disease similar to COVID-19 manifesting in the next 10 years, it is imperative to prioritize pandemic preparedness in the immediate future. To this end, tuberculosis (TB) and its management share many similarities to respiratory disease protection, offering an opportunity to dually strengthen TB programs and protect against future pandemics. Looking at data from the World Health Organization (WHO), Global Fund, Our World in Data, and domestic health ministries, it was hypothesized that countries that had better TB program strength going into the pandemic fared better with COVID-19 than those with poorer TB treatment. It was found that countries that recovered their TB program strength (as measured by TB treatment coverage percentages) to or above pre-pandemic levels fared better in terms of COVID-19 pandemic incidence and death. Case studies helped identify common factors across resilient TB platforms in dually successful COVID-19 and TB countries, including community trust, co-epidemic responses that were able to maintain continuity of care, sustained innovation, comprehensive communication across public and private sectors, and maintenance of donor support for TB programs through the pandemic.
A Case of Postoperative Noncardiogenic Edema: Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Miloud Dewilde, Bart Lutin
Journal: J Belg Soc Radiol (2024)
Keywords: negative pressure pulmonary edema, centrilobular ground glass opacities, chest ct, chest x-ray, postoperative non-cardiogenic edema
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A case of complete recovery of negative pressure pulmonary edema after a Cottle surgery in a 24-year-old male. Teaching point: Negative pressure pulmonary edema is an important cause of postoperative noncardiogenic edema, with the spontaneous disappearance of all complaints within a relatively short period.
Dural arteriovenous fistula and sinus thrombosis presenting as parkinsonism and dementia: a case report with literature review
Authors: Ranran Tu, Qihua Chen, Lixia Qin
Journal: Front Neurol (2024)
Keywords: cvst, davf, wernicke’s encephalopathy, dementia, parkinsonism
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an uncommon malformation involving an abnormal connection between dural arteries, or the pachymeningeal branches of cerebral arteries, and dural veins. Its exact pathogenesis remains elusive. Known potential triggers for DAVF include cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), trauma, ear infections, and cranial surgeries. Due to its rarity and diverse clinical presentations, diagnosing DAVF can be a challenge.
Case description:
We present a case of DAVF associated with CVST, manifesting as rapidly advancing parkinsonism accompanied by dementia over a month. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral symmetric T2 hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and brain stem. Cerebral angiography further confirmed a fistula between the torcular herophili and the transverse-sigmoid sinuses. Despite strong recommendations for transvenous embolization of the fistula, the patient declined the procedure. The anticoagulant therapy and symptomatic treatments administered did not yield any improvement in the patient's condition. Additionally, we reviewed 27 DAVF-derived parkinsonism and dementia cases.
Conclusion:
DAVF must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of rapidly progressive parkinsonism with concurrent dementia. Given its potential for treatment and reversibility, timely diagnosis and intervention for DAVF are paramount.
Malignant Transformation of Unknown Duration of an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma Presenting as a Trocar Recurrence in a Young Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tomohiro Okuda, Yoko Uda, Shiho Sakai, Taishi Harada
Journal: Case Rep Obstet Gynecol (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Although laparoscopic cystectomy is a safe and effective management strategy for ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT) in pediatric and adolescent patients, it has been challenged because of its association with a higher risk of intraoperative spillage leading to chemical peritonitis, adhesion formation, and iatrogenic implantation of malignant cells. Here, we report a rare case of a 23-year-old female patient with MCT tissue during laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy that remained in the peritoneum, possibly becoming malignant thereafter. Intraoperatively, the cyst's contents leaked into the abdominal cavity. The abdominal cavity was thoroughly cleaned before the operation was completed. Pathological examination revealed an MCT without malignant findings. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Although the excised tissue was benign, the patient presented with a mass at the trocar wound (upper suprapubic area) 2 years after initial surgery. Biopsy results indicated squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, peritoneal and bladder invasions were diagnosed. She subsequently experienced symptoms of cancerous peritonitis. Achieving a complete cure through surgery alone was deemed difficult; however, successful neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tumor reduction surgery kept her alive up until the publication of this case report, 3 years since diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma. This case indicates that malignant transformation of MCTs can occur at any age.
Implementation of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 2022 paediatric guidelines in a child with mandibular metastasis
Authors: M Larkins, J Iasiello, K Travia, M Pasli, S Cai, A Hutton
Journal: Anaesth Rep (2024)
Keywords: asa 2022 practice guidelines, managing difficult airways, paediatric airway
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway differ significantly from prior guidelines, particularly regarding paediatric patients. These guidelines place new emphasis on establishing a multidisciplinary team led by an anaesthetist trained in paediatric anaesthesia. Here, we demonstrate the clinical application of the new guidelines by presenting the case of a 16-month-old girl with a rapidly growing mandibular mass. The new guidelines stipulated the need for multidisciplinary team assembly; planning with indirect laryngoscopy; the availability of surgical tracheostomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and multiple 'time out' stops to confirm team members and plans. The patient tolerated induction of general anaesthesia and mask-ventilation and tracheal intubation was achieved uneventfully on the first attempt. Her trachea was extubated uneventfully 5 days later. We emphasise the importance of paediatric anaesthesia training and videolaryngoscopy and discuss components of the 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway with reference to a successful outcome in a paediatric difficult airway scenario.
Utility of Point-of-Care Ultrasound During Prone Positioning Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Haris Patail, Tinatin Saralidze, Gabriel Hernandez Romero, Hassan Patail
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2024)
Keywords: acls, cpr, pocus, prone position
MeSH terms: Case Reports

This report describes a 34-year-old male admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) who sustained cardiac arrest while in prone positioning. Prone position CPR was initiated, and the utilization of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) during CPR was necessary to assess compression quality. Specifically, the popliteal was observed using POCUS to gauge the adequacy of compressions and subsequent perfusion during prone position CPR. This approach provides insight into assessing the effectiveness of chest compressions in a challenging prone position, potentially improving outcomes in similar cases. Further research and application of POCUS in this context may enhance the quality of CPR and patient care during cardiac arrest events in prone positioning.
Type I Ureteral Triplication in an Adult Associated With an Obstructed Extravesicular Megaureter Surgically Managed With Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Amanda E Sion, Courtney McClure, Todd Campbell
Journal: Cureus (2024)
Keywords: adult, extravesicular ureter, partial nephrectomy, prostatic ureter, type i triplicated ureter, weigert-meyer law
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A complete ureteral triplication is a rare congenital urinary tract anomaly that typically presents in childhood. This is an exceedingly rare case of an adult male presenting with right pyelonephritis and flank pain who was subsequently diagnosed with a right type I ureteral triplication associated with an obstructed megaureter inserted into the prostatic urethra. This patient underwent a right partial nephrectomy to remove the dilated and non-functional upper renal segment leaving behind a blind ending ureteral remnant. Following partial nephrectomy, the patient's flank pain and recurrent urinary tract infections resolved despite persistent dilation of the ureteral remnant. While a standard method of surgical management for a triplicated ureter has not been well established in the adult population, in this case, partial nephrectomy has demonstrated efficacy while avoiding more invasive procedures.
Case report: A case of effective treatment of primary myelofibrosis with nodular panniculitis using ruxolitinib combined with corticosteroids
Authors: Guzailinuer Wufuer, Jia-Lin Zhao, Qin Huang, Ainiwaer Babayi, Dilinuer Abudureyimu, Min Mao, Ming-Hui Duan
Journal: Front Oncol (2024)
Keywords: nodular panniculitis, prednisone acetate, primary myelofibrosis, ruxolitinib, subcutaneous nodule
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report the case of a 54-year-old healthy Han Chinese male presenting with fever, pallor, erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the limbs, and significant anemia as indicated by routine blood tests, with no response to antimicrobial therapy. Initial skin biopsy was inconclusive. The erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the limbs rapidly progressed to widespread subcutaneous nodules across the body, with worsening anemia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed multifocal fibroblastic proliferation with focal fibrosis, classified as MF-2, and positive for the JAK2V617F mutation alongside SRSF2 positivity. Whole-body PET-CT scans did not reveal any lymph nodes or suspect lesions with high SUV uptake. A subsequent skin biopsy identified the condition as nodular panniculitis (NP), leading to a final diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis(PMF)with NP. The patient initially received treatment with oral ruxolitinib and prednisone acetate, resulting in normalization of body temperature, resolution of erythematous nodules, and normalization of blood parameters.
Dapsone-Induced Methemoglobinemia Presenting Concomitantly With COVID-19 Pneumonia and Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
Authors: Leena Alhusari, Marlena Pigliacampi, Yara Alshawabkeh, Teseir Hamdani, Taysir Bsiso, Bisher Mustafa, Larry Dial
Journal: Cureus (2024)
Keywords: acute hypoxic respiratory failure, dapsone induced methemoglobinemia, dapsone side effect, dapsone toxicity, hemoglobin disorders
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Acquired methemoglobinemia is a treatable condition that is often clinically subtle and can be missed on routine clinical assessment. We present a 73-year-old male who was evaluated in the emergency department with worsening respiratory symptoms requiring oxygen. He tested COVID-19 positive and had new pulmonary emboli evident on his CT chest. The patient was on dapsone therapy as a treatment for bullous pemphigoid. The discrepancy between his oxygen levels on the pulse oximeter and blood gas was noted and was treated with 3% methylene blue for dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. The patient received treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia and pulmonary emboli. Our case demonstrates that dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia can present concomitantly with other more common causes of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. It is noteworthy for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for oxygen level discrepancy in hypoxic patients and consider the possibility of acquired methemoglobinemia. Hence, earlier detection and treatment of the etiology of tissue hypoxia.
Case report: One case of umbilical vein thrombosis in the second trimester with associated portal vein thrombosis after childbirth
Authors: Wei-Wei Dai, Qi-Shu Hou, Lian-Hua Yang, Shang-Qin Chen, Ji-Feng Ye
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2023)
Keywords: fetal outcomes, neonate, portal vein thrombosis, prenatal ultrasound, umbilical vein thrombosis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Umbilical vein thrombosis is a rare pregnancy complication, that is difficult to detect prenatally but can lead to poor fetal outcomes.
Case presentation:
We described a 33-year-old primiparae who was identified as having umbilical vein thrombosis by ultrasound at 21 weeks gestation, and the neonate was found to have a portal vein thrombus after delivery. Following enoxaparin anticoagulant therapy, the thrombus disappeared within 4 weeks. No thrombus formation occured during the 10-month follow-up, and the baby was in excellent clinical condition.
Conclusion:
Owing to the poor fetal outcomes related to umbilical thrombosis, pay attention to abnormal clinical signs during prenatal ultrasound, fetal heart monitoring and counting fetal movements can help in the early identification of umbilical cord thrombosis.The findings highlight the importance of regular prenatal ultrasound evaluation, enabling early detection and monitoring of any anomalies or vascular abnormalities related to the fetal umbilical vein. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications and long-term outcomes associated with these findings.
Case report: A case of tetanus in a dog: cranial nerve involvement and imaging findings
Authors: Kylie Grant, Sam Long
Journal: Front Vet Sci (2023)
Keywords: emg, cranial nerve, dog, tetanus, vestibular disease
MeSH terms: Case Reports

An 11 years old male Labrador cross presented with unilateral vestibular signs, ipsilateral facial paresis, moderate obtundation, ptyalism, and paraparesis. MRI of the brain revealed diffuse, multifocal T2/FLAIR hyperintense changes throughout various regions of the brain including the medulla, midbrain, pons, thalamus and right cerebral hemisphere with mild multifocal contrast enhancement. The patient progressed to trismus with generalized increased extensor tone and risus sardonicus. A diagnosis of generalized tetanus was made and the patient was started on antibiotics, skeletal muscle relaxants and tetanus antitoxin and made a full recovery. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of canine tetanus in which the presenting signs involved cranial nerve dysfunction as well as the first report describing MRI changes in canine tetanus within the central nervous system.
Vulto-van Silfhout-de Vries syndrome caused by de novo variants of DEAF1 gene: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hui Zhu, Shuyao Zhu, Qiong Jiang, Ying Pang, Yu Huang, Yan Chen, Ting Hou, Wenxin Deng, Xingyu Liu, Lan Zeng, Ai Chen, Jin Wang, Zemin Luo
Journal: Front Neurol (2023)
Keywords: deaf1, vulto-van silfhout-de vries syndrome, behavioral abnormalities, de novo, dominant mental retardation-24, intellectual disability
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Vulto-van Silfhout-de Vries syndrome (VSVS; MIM 615828) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant disorder with unknown incidence. It is always caused by de novo heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DEAF1 gene, which encodes deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 homology. VSVS is characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability (ID) and/or global developmental delay (GDD), seriously limited language expression, behavioral abnormalities, somnipathy, and reduced pain sensitivity. In this study, we present a Chinese boy with moderate GDD and ID, severe expressive language impairment, behavioral issues, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), sleeping dysfunction, high pain threshold, generalized seizures, imbalanced gait, and recurrent respiratory infections as clinical features. A de novo heterozygous pathogenic missense variant was found in the 5th exon of DEAF1 gene, NM_021008.4 c.782G>C (p. Arg261Pro) variant by whole exome sequencing (WES). c.782G>C had not been previously reported in genomic databases and literature. According to the ACMG criteria, this missense variant was considered to be "Likely Pathogenic". We diagnosed the boy with VSVS both genetically and clinically. At a follow-up of 2.1 years, his seizures were well controlled after valproic acid therapy. In addition, the child's recurrent respiratory infections improved at 3.5 years of age, which has not been reported in previous individuals. Maybe the recurrent respiratory infections like sleep problems reported in the literature are not permanent but may improve naturally over time. The literature review showed that there were 35 individuals with 28 different de novo pathogenic variants of DEAF1-related VSVS. These variants were mostly missense and the clinical manifestations were similar to our patient. Our study expands the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of de novo DEAF1.
Are postnatal traumatic events an underestimated cause of porencephalic lesions in dogs and cats?
Authors: Tommaso Davini, Chiara Mattei, Claudia La Rosa, Carlotta Remelli, Swan Specchi, Elena Lionello, Elena Dell'Era, Marco Bernardini
Journal: Front Vet Sci (2023)
Keywords: porencephaly, cavitary lesions, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), congenital brain disease, cyst-like lesions, magnetic resonance imaging (mri), trauma

Introduction:
Porencephaly is defined as a fluid-filled cavity of variable size in the brain cortex. It is regarded as a congenital condition and is typically considered a developmental or an encephaloclastic defect. Our hypothesis is that postnatal traumatic events in the first few months of life may represent a cause of canine and feline porencephaly that is more common than generally suspected. The aims of this study were to retrospectively investigate porencephaly in a large population of dogs and cats, detect MRI features that might be useful to differentiate postnatal acquired traumatic forms from congenital/perinatal porencephaly, and define the prevalence of seizure activity in porencephalic patients.
Materials and methods:
This is a double-center, descriptive, retrospective case series. Databases were searched for cases within a 17-year time span that involve dogs and cats with an MRI-based diagnosis of cerebral cavitary lesions. Animals were included if a complete signalment and an exhaustive MRI of the brain were available. Besides the porencephalic lesions, MRIs of the head were reviewed to detect concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Results:
Thirty-two cases involving nine cats and twenty-three dogs were selected. Of all the cases, 21.9% were aged six years or older at the time of diagnosis. All patients in which the neuroanatomical localization was available showed clinical signs of a prosencephalic disorder. Epileptic seizures were observed in 71.8% of cases. A single porencephalic cavity was found in 78.1% of cases. The most affected cerebral lobe was the parietal lobe (n = 20). The defects involved both the grey and white matter in 78.1% of cases. Twenty cases showed concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities overlying the porencephalic cavities. Fourteen of twenty cases showed evidence of fractures, of which thirteen showed depression of the calvarium and twelve masticatory muscle abnormalities. Of these, seven of fourteen had a history consistent with a head trauma in the first period of life.
Conclusion:
The recognition of skull fractures and muscular abnormalities closely associated with the porencephalic cavity may support a diagnosis of a postnatal traumatic origin of porencephaly. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of evaluating musculoskeletal structures in the MRIs of the heads of porencephalic cases.
Pulmonary artery vasodilators for treatment of pulmonary hypertension complicating fibrosing mediastinitis
Authors: Daniel Van Kalsbeek, Abedel Rahman Anani, Karim El-Kersh
Journal: Respir Med Case Rep (2024)
Keywords: fibrosing mediastinitis, mediastinal fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasodilators, sclerosing mediastinitis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by sclerosing fibrosis of mediastinal structures. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may complicate the course of the disease and can contribute significantly to the morbidity of FM. Due to the rarity and complexity of the disease, evidence-based guidelines are not currently available, and the optimal treatment approach is unknown. Management approaches should be individualized, and current techniques are often unsatisfactory. Here, we present two cases of PH complicating FM that were managed using pulmonary artery vasodilator therapy with excellent hemodynamic response.
Hybrid endovascular and surgical staged approach for mycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sallustro Marianna, Ficarelli Ilaria, Prisco Teresa, Pontarelli Armando, Foschini Giuseppe, Toni Marisole, Rinaldi Valerio, Nardi Priscilla, Piergaspare Palumbo, Illuminati Giulio, D'Andrea Vito, Ruotolo Carlo
Journal: Front Surg (2024)
Keywords: carotid, extracranial, graft, hybrid, mycotic, pseudoaneurysm, stentgraft, vein
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Mycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms represent a challenge for surgeons. They are rare and associated with high mortality and morbidity.
Methods:
We reported a case of a 61-year-old man with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of carotid bifurcation. The case was managed by a staged procedure, starting with initial endovascular control using a stent graft, followed by open arterial reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft.
Results:
The patient was discharged home with a patent carotid artery and no sign of infection or bleeding. A computed tomography scan performed at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year later confirmed good patency of the graft without imaging of cerebral ischemia.
Conclusions:
Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare and should always be treated surgically. This disease, despite its rarity, requires early detection and treatment to avoid fatal outcomes. A hybrid staged approach is suggested, compared to one-staged surgery, to avoid rupture and improve clinical outcomes. This approach involves using a stent graft combined with antibiotic therapy as bridge treatment until definitive surgery can be performed to enable arterial reconstruction with an autologous graft.