OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Favourable experience with m-mode sonography in the diagnosis of pneumothorax in two patients with thoracic subcutaneous emphysema
Authors: T Berlet, R Etter
Journal: Case Rep Radiol (2014)

Introduction. Thoracic subcutaneous emphysema may be caused by various pathologies. In mechanically ventilated patients, timely diagnostic workup is particularly important, as the presence of subcutaneous surgical emphysema may indicate pneumothorax, representing a risk factor for the development of life threatening tension pneumothorax. Thoracic ultrasound is of proven value for the detection of pneumothorax but has so far been considered of little value in the context of subcutaeneous emphysema, due to poor visibility of anatomic structures. Case Presentation. We present the successful use of diagnostic M-mode sonography in two mechanically ventilated patients who developed thoracic subcutaneous emphysema. In both cases B-mode sonography was inconclusive. Conclusion. M-mode sonography may be more sensitive than B-mode sonography in the detection of lung sliding and could become a useful diagnostic tool when pneumothorax needs to be ruled in or ruled out and visibility of the pleura is limited.
Relapsed and refractory yolk sac tumor of the peritoneum (mesentery): A case report and literature review
Authors: Xue Zhou, Lanbo Zhao, Xue Feng, Zhenni Pan, Yadi Bin, Siyi Zhang, Min Li, Miao Guo, Huilian Hou, Qiling Li
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: boanmycin, literature review, peritoneum, recrudescence, yolk sac tumor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Extragonadal yolk sac tumor (YST) of peritoneum is a rare malignancy.
Case description:
A 37-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to hospital with a 3-month abdominal pain 4 years ago. Alpha-fetoprotein was 228,499.0 ng/mL. Computed tomography scan revealed a massive mass in the left lower abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy exposed a huge mesenteric mass. Then, mesenteric tumor resection, partial sigmoidectomy, and single-lumen fistula of sigmoid colon were performed. Postoperative pathologic diagnosis reported a stage IV mesenteric YST. After surgery, the patient received 6 courses of BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) chemotherapy. Seven months later, the patient underwent stoma reversion of sigmoid colon and received another 2 courses of BEP chemotherapy. Three months after the last chemotherapy, liver metastases were diagnosed. She subsequently underwent 3 surgeries, radiotherapy for liver metastases, and multiple tiers of palliative chemotherapies, including TP (docetaxel and carboplatin), VIP (ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide), TIP (paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin), and so on. After the third surgery (left hepatic lesion resection and right iliac lymph node resection), she received 4 cyclic chemotherapies of BEP´ (boanmycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) without pulmonary toxic side effects.
Conclusion:
Postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemistry are gold standards for the diagnosis of peritoneal YST. The standard first-line treatment is surgery plus BEP chemotherapy. Second-line therapy regimens and above, including VIP and TIP, improve the prognosis of recurrent germ cell tumors. This relapsed and refractory patient with peritoneal YST benefits from the secondary BEP´ chemotherapy.
Long-term stabilization effects of leptin on brain functions in a leptin-deficient patient
Authors: Sabine Frank, Martin Heni, Anja Moss, Julia von Schnurbein, Sadaf Farooqi, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, Martin Wabitsch
Journal: PLoS One (2013)
MeSH terms: Frontal Lobe / physiopathology, Hunger / drug effects, Leptin / analogs & derivatives, Obesity / diagnosis, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adolescent, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Frontal Lobe / drug effects, Humans, Leptin / deficiency, Leptin / genetics, Leptin / therapeutic use, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Obesity / congenital, Obesity / drug therapy, Obesity / physiopathology, Photic Stimulation, Leptin, metreleptin

Context:
Congenital leptin deficiency, caused by a very rare mutation in the gene encoding leptin, leads to severe obesity, hyperphagia and impaired satiety. The only systemic treatment is the substitution with metreleptin leading to weight reduction based on hormonal changes. Several studies have also shown alterations in brain function after metreleptin therapy. In a previous study, we were able to show changes in homeostatic (hypothalamus) and reward-related brain areas (striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, amygdala) 3 days and 6 months after therapy start in a leptin-deficient adolescent girl. To further access the time course of functional brain activation changes, we followed the patient for 2 years after initiation of the therapy. DESIGN, PATIENT: Functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual stimulation with food (high- and low-caloric) and non-food pictures was performed 1 and 2 years after therapy start in the previously described patient.
Results:
The comparison of 'food vs. non-food' pictures showed a stabilization of the long-term effects in the amygdala and in the OFC. Therefore, no significant differences were observed between 6 months compared to 12 and 24 months in these regions. Additionally, a reduction of the frontopolar cortex activity over the whole time span was observed. For the comparison of high- and low-caloric pictures, long-term effects in the hypothalamus showed an assimilating pattern for the response to the food categories whereas only acute effects after 3 months were observed in hedonic brain regions.
Conclusion:
This follow-up study shows that the long lasting benefit of metreleptin therapy is also associated with activation changes in homeostatic, hedonic and frontal control regions in congenital leptin deficiency.
erbB2 Overexpression in Uterine Serous Cancer: A Molecular Target for Trastuzumab Therapy
Authors: Karim S Elsahwi, Alessandro D Santin
Journal: Obstet Gynecol Int (2011)

Endometrial cancer is the most common female genital tract malignancy in the United States. Type I endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage, and has a good prognosis. Type II is very aggressive, and is responsible for most uterine cancer relapses and deaths. Uterine serous adenocarcinomas (USC) constitute the majority of Type II variants. They have a higher propensity for lymph node and distant metastases. They are frequently aneuploid and associated with p53 mutations. erbB2 overexpression in USC has been described. The incidence, which is higher in African Americans, ranges from 18-80%. erbB2 overexpression was found to be associated with higher stage, chemoresistance, and worse survival. Trastuzumab a humanized mAb was approved by the FDA for treatment of breast cancers that overexpress erbB2 in combination with standard chemotherapy. Evidence of trastuzumab activity in USC has been reported in vitro, as well as in case reports of advanced and recurrent cases. Promising results were obtained in these heavily pretreated patients either with trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This supports the hypothesis that trastuzumab may very well be an attractive and viable treatment option for advanced stage USC tumors that overexpress the erbB2, and is worthy of further study.
Identification of a novel RMST-ALK rearrangement in advanced lung adenocarcinoma and durable response to ceritinib: A case report
Authors: Hui Li, Yixiao Deng, Bin Chen, Yajie Xiao, Jie Yang, Qionghui Liu, Gengpeng Lin
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: rmst-alk rearrangement, ceritinib, next-generation sequencing, non-small cell lung cancer, sensitive
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Next-generation sequencing technology has enabled the identification of fusion partners of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung cancer, and various ALK fusion partners have been confirmed. Here, a novel rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST)-ALK rearrangement was identified in an 80-year-old Chinese man with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was prescribed ceritinib and achieved a partial response, which has been sustained for more than 18 months. This is the first report of the RMST-ALK rearrangement, and we showed that a patient with lung adenocarcinoma carrying this rearrangement can benefit from ceritinib treatment; therefore, this is a significant finding in clinical practice.
Primary cardiac tumor: a case report of right atrial angiosarcoma and review of the literature
Authors: Yujian Guo, Qianzhen Liu, Haibo Wu
Journal: Front Oncol (2023)
Keywords: angiosarcoma, pericardial effusion, primary cardiac angiosarcoma, primary cardiac tumors, right atrium
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a relatively rare tumor with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Radical resection of the primary tumor remains the primary approach for the optimal survival of patients with early-stage cardiac angiosarcoma without evidence of metastasis. This case involves a 76-year-old man with symptoms of chest tightness, fatigue, pericardial effusion, and arrhythmias who achieved good results after surgery to treat the angiosarcoma in the right atrium. In addition, literature analysis showed that surgery remains an effective way of treating primary early angiosarcoma.
Case Report: Suppurative Labyrinthitis Induced by Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Qianwen Xiao, Yuzhong Zhang, Jingrong Lv, Jun Yang, Qing Zhang
Journal: Front Neurol (2022)
Keywords: cochlea, fistulae, hearing loss, semicircular canals, suppurative labyrinthitis, vestibular disorder
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A discussion on suppurative labyrinthitis associated with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) may seem to be an outdated issue due to the advent of antibiotics in the last century. In previous literature, limited cases of suppurative labyrinthitis have been reported. This case, therefore, is an excellent and rare opportunity to study its clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. This report described the case of a 39-year-old female with a history of CSOM for 20 years, and she often presented with otorrhea, vestibular disorder, and hearing impairment. CT of the temporal bone revealed fistulae in both the basal turn of the cochlea and the horizontal semicircular canal. Combined with the otolaryngology examination results, suppurative labyrinthitis was considered. During a three-month follow-up, her symptoms were improved significantly after surgery. In conclusion, suppurative labyrinthitis must not be overlooked and neglected; early diagnosis and treatments are of vital importance.
Amantadine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a case report
Authors: Mauro Pettorruso, Giovanni Martinotti, Marco Di Nicola, Marco Onofrj, Massimo Di Giannantonio, Gianluigi Conte, Luigi Janiri
Journal: Front Psychiatry (2012)
Keywords: addiction, amantadine, dopamine, glutamate, glutamatergic drugs, pathological gambling, treatment

Despite almost a decade of intense research, effective treatment strategies for Pathological Gambling (PG) remain very challenging. This paper details a case report suggesting that the treatment of PG may benefit from the use of the non-specific glutamate blocker amantadine. The drug was well-tolerated and effective, leading to a 43-64% reduction in severity of gambling symptoms (as measured with G-SAS). Our result is discussed in the context of the glutamatergic hypothesis of addiction and in light of previous observations on the potential impact of glutamatergic agents in the treatment of PG. The role of the dopaminergic system, and its interaction with the glutamatergic system, is also explored. Further studies are required to define the true benefits of amantadine for the treatment of PG.
Development of running is not related to time since onset of independent walking, a longitudinal case study
Authors: Margit M Bach, Coen S Zandvoort, Germana Cappellini, Yury Ivanenko, Francesco Lacquaniti, Andreas Daffertshofer, Nadia Dominici
Journal: Front Hum Neurosci (2023)
Keywords: children, clustering, development, kinematics, muscle synergies, neuromuscular control, running

Introduction:
Children start to run after they master walking. How running develops, however, is largely unknown.
Methods:
We assessed the maturity of running pattern in two very young, typically developing children in a longitudinal design spanning about three years. Leg and trunk 3D kinematics and electromyography collected in six recording sessions, with more than a hundred strides each, entered our analysis. We recorded walking during the first session (the session of the first independent steps of the two toddlers at the age of 11.9 and 10.6 months) and fast walking or running for the subsequent sessions. More than 100 kinematic and neuromuscular parameters were determined for each session and stride. The equivalent data of five young adults served to define mature running. After dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis based on the average pairwise correlation distance to the adult running cluster served as a measure for maturity of the running pattern.
Results:
Both children developed running. Yet, in one of them the running pattern did not reach maturity whereas in the other it did. As expected, mature running appeared in later sessions (>13 months after the onset of independent walking). Interestingly, mature running alternated with episodes of immature running within sessions. Our clustering approach separated them.
Discussion:
An additional analysis of the accompanying muscle synergies revealed that the participant who did not reach mature running had more differences in muscle contraction when compared to adults than the other. One may speculate that this difference in muscle activity may have caused the difference in running pattern.
Pseudodominant AOA2
Authors: Laurence Newrick, Malcolm Taylor, Marios Hadjivassiliou
Journal: Cerebellum Ataxias (2015)
Keywords: ataxia, ataxia with occulomotor apraxia type 2, cerebellar
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report a mother and daughter with autosomal recessive ataxia with occulomotor apraxia in whom sequence analysis of senataxin revealed a dignosis of AOA2 (ataxia with occulomotor apraxia type 2) in both individuals. The apparent dominant inheritance pattern (pseudodominant) was the result of the unusual coincidence of both mother and daughter being compound heterozygotes for senataxin mutations. Our case exemplifies the challenges of diagnosis in hereditary ataxias, and the limitations of genetic testing guided solely by patterns of inheritance.
Bipartite anterior extraperitoneal teratoma: evidence for the embryological origins of teratomas?
Authors: D J B Keene, R J Craigie, A Shabani, G Batra, S Hennayake
Journal: Case Rep Med (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Teratomas are thought to arise from totipotent primordial germ cells (PGCs) Dehner (1983) which may miss their target destination Moore and Persaud (1984). Teratomas can occur anywhere from the brain to the coccygeal area but are usually in the midline close to the embryological position of the gonadal ridges Bale (1984), Nguyen and Laberge (2000). We report a case of a bipartite anterior extraperitoneal teratoma. This is an unusual position for a teratoma, but one which may support the "missed target" theory of embryology.
Multiple Gastric Erosion Early after a 3 V Lithium Battery (CR2025) Ingestion in an 18-Month-Old Male Patient: Consideration about the Proper Time of Intervention
Authors: Ioannis Patoulias, Christos Kaselas, Dimitrios Patoulias, Konstantinos Farmakis, Eleni Papacrivou, Maria Kalogirou, Thomas Feidantsis
Journal: Case Rep Pediatr (2016)

Introduction. Button battery ingestion is considered an emergency situation in pediatric patients that needs to be managed promptly; otherwise, it may lead to serious and potentially lethal complications, especially when it is impacted in the esophagus. Less attention has been given in cases where the battery passes into the stomach, with guidelines for emergency intervention being based on the presence of symptoms. Case Report. We present a case of an 18-month-old male patient who presented to our emergency department after button battery ingestion. He did not have any symptoms and no pathological findings were encountered during clinical examination. X-ray investigation revealed the presence of the battery in the stomach. The patient was admitted for observation and two hours later he had two episodes of vomiting. He underwent urgent endoscopic removal of the battery where multiple acute gastric mucosal erosion in place of direct contact of the battery's negative pole with the mucosa of the gastric antrum was found. Conclusion. In specific cases the urgent endoscopic intervention for removal of an ingested button battery that is located in the stomach even in asymptomatic patients should be suggested.
Locally advanced duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma treated with adjuvant radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Adrian Wong, Alexander R Miller, John Metter, Charles R Thomas Jr
Journal: World J Surg Oncol (2005)

BACKGROUND: Gangliocytic paraganglioma are rare neoplasms that predominantly arise in periampulary region. Though considered benign the disease can spread to regional lymphatics. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49 year old woman presented with melena and was found to have a periampullary mass. Endoscopic evaluation and biopsy demonstrated a periampullary paraganglioma. The tumor was resected with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and was found to represent a gangliocytic paraganglioma associated with nodal metastases. In a controversial decision, the patient was treated with adjuvant external beam radiation therapy. She is alive and well one year following resection. The authors have reviewed the current literature pertaining to this entity and have discussed the biologic behavior of the tumor as well as the rationale for treatment strategies employed. CONCLUSION: Paraganglioma is a rare tumor that typically resides in the gastrointestinal tract and demonstrates low malignant potential. Due to rarity of the disease there is no consensus on the adjuvant treatment even though nearly 5% of the lesions demonstrate the malignant potential.
Hodgkin lymphoma patients have an increased incidence of idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Taylor Linaburg, Adam R Davis, Noelle V Frey, Muhammad R Khawaja, Daniel J Landsburg, Stephen J Schuster, Jakub Svoboda, Yimei Li, Yuliya Borovskiy, Timothy S Olson, Adam Bagg, Elizabeth O Hexner, Daria V Babushok
Journal: PLoS One (2019)
MeSH terms: Anemia, Aplastic / epidemiology, Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects, Hodgkin Disease / drug therapy, Case Reports, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adult, Anemia, Aplastic / chemically induced, Hodgkin Disease / pathology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Review Literature as Topic, Risk Factors, United States / epidemiology, Antineoplastic Agents

Idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare lymphocyte-mediated bone marrow aplasia. No specific mechanisms or triggers of AA have been identified. We recently observed several patients who developed AA after Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We hypothesized that the co-occurrence of HL and AA is not random and may be etiologically significant. To test this hypothesis, we determined the incidence of AA in HL patients at our institution. We identified four patients with co-occurring HL and AA, with the incidence of AA in HL patients >20-fold higher compared to the general population. We identified 12 additional patients with AA and HL through a systematic literature review. Of the 16 total patients,15 (93.8%) developed AA after or concurrent with a HL diagnosis. None of the patients had marrow involvement by HL. Five of 15 patients were in complete remission from HL at the time of AA diagnosis, and six had a concurrent presentation with no prior cytotoxic therapy, with diagnostic timeframe information unavailable for four patients. The median interval between HL diagnosis and AA onset was 16 months, ranging from concurrent to 14 years after a HL diagnosis. The median survival after AA diagnosis was 14 months (range: 1 month to 20 years). Our results show that patients with HL have a higher incidence of AA compared to the general population and suggest that HL-related immune dysregulation may be a risk factor for AA. Better recognition and management of AA in HL patients is needed to improve outcomes in this population.
Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B genotype G/A2 recombinant co-infection: a case study
Authors: Eisuke Adachi, Masaya Sugiyama, Sayaka Shimizu, Kako Kodama, Tadashi Kikuchi, Michiko Koga, Masashi Mizokami, Tomohiko Koibuchi
Journal: Springerplus (2016)
Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus, recombinants with hbv genotype g

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have distinct geographical distributions and are associated with different clinical courses. HBV genotype G (HBV/G) is extremely rare among Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected populations in Japan. Genetic analysis and clinical course of recombinant forms with HBV/G infection are seldom reported in the literature.
Case presentation:
A 36-year old homosexual man with HIV infection was referred to a general hospital for assessment of chronic HBV infection. We cloned full-length HBV isolates and determined the complete genome sequences of 2 obtained clones, although mixture of multiple variant with different length is detected by HBV-DNA genotyping. The Bootscaning analysis using a full-length HBV genome revealed the clones represented as the HBV/A2 and the HBV/G/A2 recombinant strain. The HBV-DNA decreased from >9.1 to 2.5 log copies/mL after 24 months of antiretroviral therapy.
Conclusions:
This patient was co-infected with HBV/A2 and HBV/G/A2 recombinant strain. This recombinant strain was not identical to HBV/G/A2 strains previously reported from Japan. Recombination with other genotypes could alter the clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis B in people living with HIV.
Pathological rupture of the spleen in uncomplicated myeloma
Authors: Vincent Ho, Andrew Shearer, Mark Jagusch
Journal: Clin Med Case Rep (2008)
Keywords: myeloma, rupture, spleen
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Pathological rupture of the spleen in uncomplicated myeloma is extremely rare. We present a case of a splenic rupture which occurred in a 52 year old woman with uncomplicated multiple myeloma. The patient required an urgent splenectomy and had an uneventful recovery. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to splenic rupture are discussed. Plasma cell leukaemias have been previously documented to present with splenic rupture. A subgroup of aggressive multiple myelomas such as in our case may have a similar tendency for splenic rupture.
An Insidious Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Secondary Aortoduodenal Fistula Leading to Septic Shock
Authors: Ahmad Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Saad Javaid, Mohamed Riad Sankari
Journal: Case Rep Gastrointest Med (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Insidious gastrointestinal bleeding from a secondary aortic fistula poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Failure to recognize it early on can lead to devastating outcomes. We describe a case of insidious gastrointestinal bleeding from a secondary aortic fistula in an elderly woman who presented with recurrent admissions for melanotic stools and eventually developed septic shock. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not reveal any obvious source of bleeding. The patient eventually had push endoscopy that revealed infected graft and a secondary aortoduodenal fistula. One should proceed with push enteroscopy in occult bleeding if the patient has a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.