OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Using GPS technology to quantify human mobility, dynamic contacts and infectious disease dynamics in a resource-poor urban environment
Authors: Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec, Donal Bisanzio, Steven T Stoddard, Valerie Paz-Soldan, Amy C Morrison, John P Elder, Jhon Ramirez-Paredes, Eric S Halsey, Tadeusz J Kochel, Thomas W Scott, Uriel Kitron
Journal: PLoS One (2013)
MeSH terms: Cities, Communicable Diseases / transmission, Geographic Information Systems, Health Resources / supply & distribution, Movement, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Residence Characteristics, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Young Adult

Empiric quantification of human mobility patterns is paramount for better urban planning, understanding social network structure and responding to infectious disease threats, especially in light of rapid growth in urbanization and globalization. This need is of particular relevance for developing countries, since they host the majority of the global urban population and are disproportionally affected by the burden of disease. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) data-loggers to track the fine-scale (within city) mobility patterns of 582 residents from two neighborhoods from the city of Iquitos, Peru. We used ∼2.3 million GPS data-points to quantify age-specific mobility parameters and dynamic co-location networks among all tracked individuals. Geographic space significantly affected human mobility, giving rise to highly local mobility kernels. Most (∼80%) movements occurred within 1 km of an individual's home. Potential hourly contacts among individuals were highly irregular and temporally unstructured. Only up to 38% of the tracked participants showed a regular and predictable mobility routine, a sharp contrast to the situation in the developed world. As a case study, we quantified the impact of spatially and temporally unstructured routines on the dynamics of transmission of an influenza-like pathogen within an Iquitos neighborhood. Temporally unstructured daily routines (e.g., not dominated by a single location, such as a workplace, where an individual repeatedly spent significant amount of time) increased an epidemic's final size and effective reproduction number by 20% in comparison to scenarios modeling temporally structured contacts. Our findings provide a mechanistic description of the basic rules that shape human mobility within a resource-poor urban center, and contribute to the understanding of the role of fine-scale patterns of individual movement and co-location in infectious disease dynamics. More generally, this study emphasizes the need for careful consideration of human social interactions when designing infectious disease mitigation strategies, particularly within resource-poor urban environments.
Left Atrial Thrombus in the Setting of Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Ola Abdelkarim, Yehia Saleh, Faisal Nabi
Journal: Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J (2023)
Keywords: left atrial appendage thrombus, left atrial thrombus, mitral stenosis
MeSH terms: Atrial Fibrillation, Mitral Valve Stenosis / diagnostic imaging, Mitral Valve Stenosis / surgery, Thromboembolism, Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging, Thrombosis / etiology, Thrombosis / surgery, Case Reports, Heart, Humans, Male, Middle Aged

A 56-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented with exertional shortness of breath. Echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, and computed tomography showed mitral stenosis and a left atrial thrombus. Left atrial thrombus formation is a well-known complication of severe mitral stenosis that can lead to systemic thromboembolism. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement, left atrial thrombus resection, and left atrial appendage closure that resulted in significant improvement in breathing.
Maltoma of thyroid: a rare thyroid tumour
Authors: Navisha Latheef, Vijendra Shenoy, M Panduranga Kamath, Mahesh Chandra Hegde, A Raghavendra Rao
Journal: Case Rep Otolaryngol (2013)

Introduction. Primary thyroid lymphomas constitute up to 5% of all thyroid malignancies and can be divided into non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) of B- and T-cell types, as well as Hodgkin's lymphomas. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a relatively recently recognized subset of B-cell NHLs, and they are listed as extranodal marginal zone lymphomas according to the revised European-American lymphoma classification. Case Report. We report an uncommon case of a 44-year-old man, who noted a painless, growing mass on right side of his neck of the three-month duration. Thyroid profile was within normal limits. FNAC showed lymphocytic thyroiditis. The patient underwent a right hemithyroidectomy. The histologic examination and the immunohistochemistry showed an extra nodal marginal B-cell type maltoma (malt lymphoma). CHOP chemotherapy with rituximab was given. The clinical course has been favourable in the first year of followup, with no evidence of local or systemic recurrence of the disease. Discussion. Marginal zone lymphoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of B-cell tumours that variously arise within the lymph nodes, spleen, or extranodal tissues. A case of maltoma of thyroid is presented for its rarity and diagnostic dilemmas. Conclusion. Maltomas are slow-growing lymphomas. The optimal treatment and followup of patients with thyroid maltomas remain controversial at present.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in IL-7 Receptor α Gene in a 15-Month-Old Girl Presenting With Thrombocytopenia, Normal T Cell Count and Maternal Engraftment
Authors: Paola Zangari, Cristina Cifaldi, Silvia Di Cesare, Gigliola Di Matteo, Maria Chiriaco, Donato Amodio, Nicola Cotugno, Maia De Luca, Cecilia Surace, Saverio Ladogana, Simone Gardini, Pietro Merli, Mattia Algeri, Paolo Rossi, Paolo Palma, Caterina Cancrini, Andrea Finocchi
Journal: Front Immunol (2019)
Keywords: il-7rα gene, scid, atypical onset, maternal engraftment, novel compound heterozygous mutations
MeSH terms: Heterozygote, Mutation, Receptors, Interleukin-7 / genetics, T-Lymphocytes / immunology, T-Lymphocytes / metabolism, Thrombocytopenia / diagnosis, Thrombocytopenia / etiology, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Biomarkers, Female, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Infant, Lymphocyte Count, Pedigree, Phenotype, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / complications, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / diagnosis, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / genetics, Thrombocytopenia / blood, Biomarkers, Receptors, Interleukin-7, interleukin-7 receptor, alpha chain

Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) exhibit T lymphopenia and profound impairments in cellular and humoral immunity. IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) deficiency is a rare form of SCID that usually presents in the first months of life with severe and opportunistic infections, failure to thrive and high risk of mortality unless treated. Here, we reported an atypical and delayed onset of IL7Rα-SCID in a 15-month-old girl presenting with thrombocytopenia. Immunological investigations showed a normal lymphocyte count with isolated CD4-penia, absence of naïve T cells, marked hypergammaglobulinemia, and maternal T cell engraftment. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations in the IL-7Rα gene: c.160T>C (p.S54P) and c.245G>T (p.C82F). The atypical onset and the unusual immunological phenotype expressed by our patient highlights the diagnostic challenge in the field of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and in particular in SCID patients where prompt diagnosis and therapy greatly affects survival.
Case Report of Hydatid Cyst in the Pulmonary Artery Uncommon Presentation: CT and MRI Findings
Authors: Arwa Almutairi, Sulaiman Al Rajhi
Journal: Case Rep Radiol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Hydatid cysts can be found in any organ. In adults, the liver and lungs are the most common locations; hydatid cysts in the pulmonary artery are rare.
Clinical case:
We present the case of an 86-year-old female with a history of hepatic hydatid cyst since 2012, who presented with complaints of chronic productive cough, yellowish-green sputum, and dyspnea. CT and MRI showed multiseptate hydatid cysts in the right pulmonary artery.
Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Penis: A Rare, Dangerous Clinical Entity and the Importance of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis
Authors: Vikram Sahni, David S Cassarino
Journal: Case Rep Dermatol Med (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report a very rare case of pathologically confirmed sebaceous carcinoma of the glans penis with multiple areas of lymphovascular and perineural invasion and multiple lymph node metastases. The importance of immunohistochemical staining in diagnosis is also reviewed.
Reversal of Dabigatran Using Idarucizumab in a Septic Patient with Impaired Kidney Function in Real-Life Practice
Authors: Thomas C Sauter, Sina Blum, Michael Nagler, Fabian L Schlittler, Meret E Ricklin, Aristomenis K Exadaktylos
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2016)

Background. Immediate reversal of anticoagulation is essential when facing severe bleeding or emergency surgery. Although idarucizumab is approved for the reversal of dabigatran in many countries, clinical experiences are lacking, particularly in special patient-populations such as sepsis and impaired renal function. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 67-year-old male septic patient with a multilocular facial abscess and chronic kidney disease (GFR 36.5 mL/min). Thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 15 hours after the last intake of 150 mg dabigatran were both prolonged (>120 sec, resp., 61 sec), as well as unbound dabigatran concentration (119.05 ng/mL). Before immediate emergency surgery dabigatran was antagonised using idarucizumab 2 × 2.5 g. Dabigatran concentration was not detectable 10 min after idarucizumab administration (<30 ng/mL). TT and aPTT time were normalised (16.2 sec, resp., 30.2 sec). Sepsis was controlled after surgery and kidney function remained stable. In the absence of postoperative bleeding, dabigatran was restarted 36 hours after admission. Conclusion. Idarucizumab successfully reversed the effect of dabigatran in real-life practice in a patient with sepsis and renal impairment and allowed emergency surgery with normal haemostasis. Efficacy and safety in real-life practice will nevertheless require prospective registries monitoring.
Congenital paraesophageal hiatus hernia with gastric volvulus
Authors: Ashok Y Kshirsagar, S L Shinde, M D Ahire, Y B Langade
Journal: J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg (2008)
Keywords: congenital paraesophageal hiatus hernia, gastric volvulus
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Paraesophageal hiatus hernia is rarely seen in the neonatal period. An intrathoracic gastric volvulus complicating such a hernia is rarer. The upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study is diagnostic. Rapid diagnosis and treatment is essential. It avoids lethal complications as gastric dilatation, gangrene and perforation, which in turn may lead to cardiopulmonary arrest.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of desmoplastic fibroma with simultaneous manifestation in two unusual locations: a case report
Authors: Konstantinos Stefanidis, Stelios Benakis, Emmanouela Tsatalou, Vasilios Ouranos, Dimitrios Chondros
Journal: J Med Case Rep (2011)

Introduction:
Desmoplastic fibroma is an extremely rare primary benign bone tumor. It occurs most often in the mandible, followed by the femur and pelvis. To the best of our knowledge, fewer than 200 cases have been described in the published literature. Furthermore, this case is the first report of desmoplastic fibroma with simultaneous presentation in two different locations.
Case presentation:
We present an unusual case of desmoplastic fibroma in a 56-year-old Caucasian man, who presented to our hospital with lumbar pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, demonstrating two lytic expansile lesions affecting both his left iliac bone and his left sacral wing. Curettage and cortical-cancellous grafting was performed, followed by postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Conclusion:
Desmoplastic fibroma with unusual and simultaneous manifestations in two different locations has never been reported previously to the best of our knowledge. The purpose of this case report is to present the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of this rare tumor before and after the surgical treatment. Furthermore, the radiological findings with the description of the characteristics and the clinical presentation of this rare tumor, contribute to the wide spectrum of manifestations of this tumor, in order to recognize it and to have the appropriate management.
Scoliosis Orthopedic Surgery Combined With Nusinersen Intrathecal Injection Significantly Improved the Outcome of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Beiyu Xu, Cuijie Wei, Xiao Hu, Wenzhu Li, Zhen Huang, Chengli Que, Jianxing Qiu, Chunde Li, Hui Xiong
Journal: Front Neurol (2022)
Keywords: ct guidance, nusinersen intrathecal injection, sma, case report, real-time ultrasound guidance, scoliosis orthopedic surgery
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variation of the survival motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene. Symptoms of SMA include progressive limb muscle weakness, atrophy, and severe scoliosis. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that can enhance the production of the SMN protein. Here, we report a case with scoliosis who received orthopedic surgery combined with Nusinersen intrathecal injections.
Case presentation:
Scoliosis orthopedic surgery followed by Nusinersen intrathecal injections was given to a 16-year-old girl who had thoracic and lumbar scoliosis and type 3 SMA. Surgery was performed for T3-S2 posterolateral fusion (PLF), with a channel left on the vertebral laminae of L3-L4. The balance of the spine and pelvis was significantly improved and the height increased by 9 cm. Lumbar puncture was conducted with local anesthesia under ultrasound and CT guidance through the laminae channel and Nusinersen was successfully injected. Comparing the two approaches, real-time ultrasound guidance for intrathecal Nusinersen injections after spinal surgery is preferred, however, CT guidance is an alternative if the initial puncture procedure is difficult. After the aforementioned multidisciplinary treatment, a good outcome was achieved, as demonstrated by a 2-point increase in RULM and MFM32 scores 2 months later.
Conclusion:
Scoliosis orthopedic surgery combined with Nusinersen intrathecal injection is an effective treatment for SMA patients with scoliosis.
Case Report: Clinicopathological and Genetic Features of IDH-Mutant Brainstem Glioma in Adults: Report of Five Cases
Authors: Jiangfen Zhou, Mingyao Lai, Yang Ni, Shaoqun Li, Junjie Zhen, Furong Du, Xing Zhang, Chao Song, Linbo Cai
Journal: Pathol Oncol Res (2022)
Keywords: idh1 mutation, brainstem glioma, molecular features, prognosis, temozolomide
MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms / pathology, Glioma / genetics, Glioma / therapy, Case Reports, Adult, Brain Stem / metabolism, Brain Stem / pathology, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / genetics, Prognosis, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Adult brainstem gliomas are rare central nervous system tumors that represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. Somatic IDH mutations are uncommon in adult brainstem gliomas and there are few relevant clinical studies. Here, we reported five patients with IDH1 mutations associated with brainstem gliomas, including four cases of IDH1 R132H mutations and one case of R132G mutation. All patients were treated with focal intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ). One patient died, one relapsed, and three survived to date. All these cases carried a pathogenic variant of TP53, among whom 1 harbored ATRX mutation and 1 had H3K27M mutation. Moreover, we also found some genes related to a worse prognosis, such as CDK4/6 amplification. These findings demonstrate that the specific characteristics of IDH-mutant brainstem gliomas should be considered in diagnostic workflows to make therapeutic regimens and improve the prognosis.
Parotid metastases from primary lung cancer: Case series and systematic review of the features
Authors: Rulan Wang, Ting Wang, Qinghua Zhou
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: diagnose, feature, metastasis, parotid, small cell lung cancer, treatment
MeSH terms: Systematic Review

Most parotid metastases have been reported to come from the head and neck; however, cases metastasized from the lung are extremely rare. Missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses occurred quite a few times. Thus, accurately identifying the clinical features of parotid metastasis of lung cancer is important. However, current studies about this issue are mostly case reports, and little is known about the detailed and systematic aspects. We reported three cases of parotid metastases from lung cancer and then systematically searched similar cases through "Pub-Med" and "Web of Science". Finally, twenty-three patients were included in the study. Eighty-three percent of which were males, and 19 patients were over 50 years old. In all cases with smoking history mentioned, 93% were smokers. The predominant pathological type was small cell lung cancer (SCLC, 13 patients, 56%). Seventeen combined with other site metastasis, while more than half of which were brain metastases. The survival time ranged from 3months-17years, and as for SCLCs, it was only 3months-40months. It can be concluded that clinical features, such as sex, age, smoking history, pathological types, and metastasis patterns, could provide valuable evidence for diagnosis. The lung seems to be the most common primary site of parotid metastases except for head and neck tumors. The two circumstances, SCLC coexisting with Warthin's tumor and parotid small cell carcinoma with lung metastasis, should be differentiated from parotid metastasis of lung cancer with caution For cases presented as SCLC, more aggressive strategies, such as chemotherapy with immunotherapy and maintenance therapy, may be more suitable. Due to the greater tendency of brain metastasis in such diseases, whole-brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery or prophylactic cranial irradiation should be applied to corresponding patients in time. Additionally, lung cancer parotid metastases may be a marker of poor prognosis.
A Case of Attempted Suicide by Cerbera odollam Seed Ingestion
Authors: Michelle Bernshteyn, Steven H Adams, Kunal Gada
Journal: Case Rep Crit Care (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We report a case of attempted suicide by Cerbera odollam seed ingestion by a transgender patient who was successfully treated at our hospital. While the C. odollam plant has multiple practical and ornamental functions, its seeds have traditionally been utilized for suicidal and homicidal purposes in many parts of the world. Physicians should be aware of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of C. odollam ingestion given the current ease of availability of these seeds in the United States and the increased reports of suicide attempts.
Isolated retroperitoneal hydatid cyst invading splenic hilum
Authors: Safak Ozturk, Mutlu Unver, Burcin Kibar Ozturk, Eyup Kebapci, Osman Bozbiyik, Varlık Erol, Nihat Zalluhoglu, Mustafa Olmez
Journal: Case Rep Surg (2014)

Introduction. Hydatid disease (HD) is an infestation that is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is affected in approximately two-thirds of patients, the lungs in 25%, and other organs in a small proportion. Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst is extremely rare. The most common complaint is abdominal pain; however, the clinical features of HD may be generally dependent on the location of the cyst. Case Presentation. A 43-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of abdominal pain. Her physical examination was normal. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 17 × 11 cm cystic lesion, with a thick and smooth wall that is located among the left liver lobe, diaphragm, spleen, tail of the pancreas, and transverse colon and invading the splenic hilum. Total cystectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathological examination was reported as cyst hydatid. Discussion. Cysts in the peritoneal cavity are mainly the result of the spontaneous or traumatic rupture of concomitant hepatic cysts or surgical inoculation of a hepatic cyst. Serological tests contribute to diagnosis. In symptomatic and large hydatid peritoneal cysts, surgical resection is the only curative treatment. Total cystectomy is the gold standard. Albendazole or praziquantel is indicated for inoperable and disseminated cases. Percutaneous aspiration, injection, and reaspiration (PAIR) technique is another nonsurgical option.
Splenic Infarct with Polysplenia Syndrome
Authors: Qin Ling Zhu, Wenjun Zhu
Journal: J Belg Soc Radiol (2022)
Keywords: abdominal computed tomography, isomerism, polysplenia syndrome, splenic infarction
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A rare case of spontaneous splenic infarction with polysplenia is presented. The diagnosis was made by confirmed by enhanced computed tomography (CT), which showed multiple spleens in the left abdomen and one of the spleen showing low attenuation areas representing infarct. Polysplenia syndrome is a rare entity associated with heterotaxy syndromes. Radiological examinations help the diagnosis by identifying infarcts in the spleen and other abnormal organs in the chest and abdomen. Teaching Point: We report a rare case of polysplenic syndrome with splenic infarction.
Conducting Prolonged General Anesthesia without Intravenous Access in a Child with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Phat T Dang, Binjon Sriratana
Journal: Case Rep Anesthesiol (2017)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Children with chronic medical conditions often need multiple intravenous (IV) access instances during their hospitalizations, both peripheral and central. Obtaining a working IV in this patient population undergoing general anesthesia can be challenging. In our case report, we describe a method of administering general anesthesia in an infant with partially repaired hypoplastic left heart syndrome without IV access.