OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Cardiac beriberi: morphological findings in two fatal cases
Authors: Stefania Bello, Margherita Neri, Irene Riezzo, Mohammad Shafie Othman, Emanuela Turillazzi, Vittorio Fineschi
Journal: Diagn Pathol (2011)
MeSH terms: Beriberi / diagnosis, Beriberi / pathology, Heart Diseases / diagnosis, Heart Diseases / pathology, Myocardium / pathology, Case Reports, Adult, Beriberi / complications, Cardiomyopathies / diagnosis, Cardiomyopathies / etiology, Cardiomyopathies / pathology, Fatal Outcome, Heart Diseases / complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction / diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction / etiology, Myocardial Infarction / pathology, Thiamine Deficiency / complications

Cardiovascular beriberi is categorized into two main groups, according to its cause: alcoholic and non-alcoholic (dietary). Cardiovascular beriberi can also be divided into a fulminant form (Shoshin beriberi) and a chronic form. Shoshin beriberi is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis and is mainly encountered in non-alcoholic patients in Asian countries, although it has also been seen in alcoholics in Western countries. Due to the complex clinical presentation and to the lack of diagnostic tests, thiamine deficiency is still being missed, especially among non-alcoholics patients. We present two fatal cases of non - alcohol associated cardiac beriberi. An acute myocardial infarction was observed in one case; extensive colliquative myocytolisis (grade 2) was described in the second case respectively. Morphologically, myocardial necrosis and colliquative myocytolysis are the histologic hallmarks of this acute, rare clinical entity. An increase in apoptotic myocytes was demonstrated probably sustaining the cardiogenic shock.
QT Independent Ventricular Tachycardia Induced by Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Vicken Zeitjian, Carmel Moazez, Waqas Arslan, Mehrdad Saririan
Journal: Case Rep Cardiol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is commonly known to cause QT prolongation with resultant ventricular tachycardia (VT). VT, independent of QT prolongation, can be a complication of ATO. We present a 46-year-old female who received ATO and during her hospital course had intermittent nonsustained VT. All usual causes of VT were considered including reduced EF < 35%, ischemia, electrolyte abnormalities, medications, and genetic polymorphisms; however, no specific cause was found. After stopping therapy, the episodes of nonsustained VT ceased indicating that there is an association between ATO and VT.
Posttraumatic Pancreatitis Four Days after Renal Injury with Massive Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Masamichi Kiriyama, Kei Jitsuiki, Ken-Ichi Muramatsu, Hoshiko Furusawa, Soshi Moriya, Youichi Yanagawa
Journal: Case Rep Emerg Med (2021)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 25-year-old man accidentally fell from a cliff and hit his right flank on the ground while camping. Initially, he was able to barely walk, but he ultimately became unable to walk at all due to severe flank pain. He had no remarkable personal or family history and was a social drinker. Upon arrival, he showed clear consciousness but was in a hemorrhagic shock state. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed extravasation of contrast medium from the injured right kidney with massive retroperitoneal hematoma. He underwent massive blood transfusion and tracheal intubation followed by renal embolization. His vital signs stabilized on hospital day 2, and he was extubated on day 3. On days 4 and 5, a blood examination revealed increased levels of amylase (360 and 904 IU/L, respectively). Enhanced CT on day 5 did not show signs of severe acute pancreatitis. The maximum amylase level was 1041 IU/L on day 6 and decreased day by day without deterioration of the severity of his acute pancreatitis. He was discharged on day 14. The subacute phase of posttraumatic acute pancreatitis in the present case may have been induced not by direct injury to the pancreas but by several causative factors, such as shock, increased pressure of the retroperitoneal space, or the release of inflammatory mediators from injured tissues or hematoma.
Complex Vascular Reconstruction of an En Bloc Pediatric Kidney Damaged during Organ Procurement
Authors: Juliano Riella, Marina M Tabbara, Phillipe Abreu, Javier Gonzalez, Gaetano Ciancio, José Maria Figueiro
Journal: Case Rep Transplant (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

En bloc pediatric kidney (EBPK) allografts are a potential solution to expand the organ donor pool; however, EBPK transplantation has been traditionally considered suboptimal due to concerns of perioperative vascular and urologic complications. Accidental organ or vasculature injury during harvest is not uncommon; however, this does not necessarily mean that the organ should be discarded. Careful vascular reconstruction can be performed using donor vascular grafts, salvaging the organ without stenosis or thrombosis of the vessels. We report an extensive vascular reconstruction of the right renal artery, aorta, and inferior vena cava of a damaged EBPK allograft using a donor pediatric aorta vascular patch with the goal of avoiding postoperative vascular complications.
Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus Associated With Anti-GlyR Antibodies and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Linda Borellini, Silvia Lanfranconi, Sara Bonato, Ilaria Trezzi, Giulia Franco, Lorella Torretta, Nereo Bresolin, Alessio Barnaba Di Fonzo
Journal: Front Neurol (2017)
Keywords: hodgkin’s lymphoma, glycine receptor antibodies, paraneoplastic syndromes, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, stiff person syndrome
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
A 60-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of low back pain and progressive rigidity of the trunk and lower limbs, followed by pruritus, dysphonia, hyperhydrosis, and urinary retention. Brain and spinal imaging were normal. EMG showed involuntary motor unit hyperactivity. Onconeural, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), voltage-gated potassium channel, and dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) autoantibodies were negative. CSF was negative. Symptoms were partially responsive to baclofen, gabapentin, and clonazepam, but he eventually developed severe dysphagia. Antiglycine receptor (anti-GlyR) antibodies turned out positive on both serum and CSF. A plasmapheresis cycle was completed with good clinical response. A PET scan highlighted an isolated metabolically active axillary lymphnode that turned out to be a classic type Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), in the absence of bone marrow infiltration nor B symptoms. Polychemotherapy with ABVD protocol was completed with good clinical response and at 1-year follow-up the neurological examination is normal.
Background:
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare and severe neurological syndrome characterized by muscular rigidity and spasms as well as brain stem and autonomic dysfunction. It can be associated with anti-GAD, GlyR, and DPPX antibodies. All of these autoantibodies may be variably associated with malignant tumors and their response to immunotherapy, as well as to tumor removal, is not easily predictable.
Conclusion:
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus has already been described in association with HL, but this is the first case report of a HL manifesting as anti-GlyR antibodies related PERM. Our report highlights the importance of malignancy screening in autoimmune syndromes of suspected paraneoplastic origin.
Left main coronary artery fistula to superior vena cava
Authors: Yu Jin, Wei Li, Huaping Chen, Tao Liu, Zhiwei Guo, Guoqiang Xing, Sheng Zhang, QiWen Mu
Journal: BJR Case Rep (2016)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an uncommon vascular malformation. As the majority of patients remain asymptomatic, approximately half of the cases may be clinical undetectable. We report here a rare case of a 10-year-old female with CAF from the left main coronary artery to the superior vena cava detected on echocardiography and CT angiography.
An Unusual Case of Cauda Equina Secondary to Spinal Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Shabbir Akhtar, Mohammad Adeel
Journal: Iran J Otorhinolaryngol (2016)
Keywords: differentiated thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, metastasis, spine, vertebrae
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Cauda equina secondary to metastatic follicular thyroid cancer of the lumbosacral area is a rare entity.
Case report:
We report an unusual case of a 52-year-old male who presented with backache, lower limb weakness, and perianal numbness. A CT-scan of the lumbosacral area showed an enhancing mass at the L4, L5 and S1 vertebrae. Histopathology after excision revealed a metastatic thyroid cancer. Hence, a CT scan of the neck and chest was performed which showed a nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid and a mass in the left chest wall. A total thyroidectomy and excision of the chest wall lesion was undergone, which was diagnosed as a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.
Conclusion:
Metastatic workup of spinal metastasis should include evaluation of the thyroid gland.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack Caused by Styloid Process Elongation: A Case Report
Authors: Zhaoqiang Li, Yang Hua, Jie Yang, Jingzhi Li
Journal: Front Neurol (2019)
Keywords: carotid artery, color doppler flow imaging, eagle syndrome, styloid process elongation, transcranial doppler
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Stylocarotid artery syndrome (SAS) is a type of Eagle syndrome, which is caused by the compression of the internal or external carotid artery (along with their perivascular sympathetic fibers) by an elongated styloid process, resulting in neurological symptoms including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cervicofacial pain along the distribution of the artery. The authors describe the case of a 56-year-old man with a history of TIA of unknown origin, who underwent color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) that detected an elongated styloid process and transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring that revealed changes in intracranial blood flow when turning his head. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the combination of CDFI and TCD to assess changes in extracranial and intracranial blood flow in patients with suspected SAS.
Dementia Improvement after Primary Hyperparathyroidism Surgery
Authors: Claudio Voci
Journal: Case Rep Med (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

This is the case of a 76-year-old man admitted to hospital in a delirium state, previously diagnosed with a major depressive disorder at an age of 50 years, treated for years for chronic tension headache. The computed tomography of the head resulted negative. Inpatient laboratory tests revealed a mild hypercalcemia. Due to the progression of the disease (delirium state, dementia, tension headache, and depression), he was again admitted to hospital. The patient showed dysarthria, postural tremors, mirror movements and palmar hyperhidrosis, mild ataxia when walking, and rigidity. Sleep disturbances were also observed. He underwent several clinical diagnostic tests, which resulted negative. After more than 2 years, the ultrasound of the neck identified enlarged parathyroid glands. The patient was surgically treated, and three parathyroid glands were removed. Parathyroidectomy and lithium treatment resulted in improvement of cognitive functions. In elderly patients, concomitant presence of cognitive dysfunction may mask the underlying primary hyperparathyroidism.
Case report: Metastatic urothelial cancer with an exceptional response to immunotherapy and comprehensive understanding of the tumor and the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Cora N Sternberg, Nara Shin, Konstantin Chernyshov, Fabio Calabro, Linda Cerbone, Giuseppe Procopio, Natalia Miheecheva, Georgy Sagaradze, Alisa Zaichikova, Naira Samarina, Alexandra Boyko, Jessica H Brown, Leysan Yunusova, Daniela Guevara, Jyothi Manohar, Michael Sigouros, Majd Al Assaad, Olivier Elemento, Juan Miguel Mosquera
Journal: Front Oncol (2022)
Keywords: keynote-045 trial, rna sequencing, bladder cancer, case report, pembrolizumab, tumor microenvironment, urothelial cancer, whole-exome sequencing
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used as second-line treatments for urothelial cancer (UC), only a small proportion of patients respond. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of response to ICIs is critical to improve clinical outcomes for UC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as a key player in tumor progression and the response to certain anti-cancer treatments. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of response using integrated genomic and transcriptomic profiling of a UC patient who was part of the KEYNOTE-045 trial and showed an exceptional response to pembrolizumab. Diagnosed in 2014 and receiving first-line chemotherapy without success, the patient took part in the KEYNOTE-045 trial for 2 years. She showed dramatic improvement and has now been free of disease for over 6 years. Recently described by Bagaev et al., the Molecular Functional (MF) Portrait was utilized to dissect genomic and transcriptomic features of the patient's tumor and TME. The patient's tumor was characterized as Immune Desert, which is suggestive of a non-inflamed microenvironment. Integrated whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified an ATM mutation and high TMB level (33.9 mut/mb), which are both positive biomarkers for ICI response. Analysis further revealed the presence of the APOBEC complex, indicating the potential for use of APOBEC signatures as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response. Overall, comprehensive characterization of the patient's tumor and TME with the MF Portrait revealed important insights that could potentially be hypothesis generating to identify clinically useful biomarkers and improve treatment for UC patients.
Case Report: A Primordial odontogenic tumor
Authors: Hatem Amer, Layla Hafed, Sally Ibrahim
Journal: F1000Res (2018)
Keywords: jaw tumor, mixed odontogenic tumor, odontogenic, primordial

Introduction: Primordial odontogenic tumors are a rare recently described mixed odontogenic tumor composed histopathologically of dental papilla like tissue and enamel organ like tissue. Only nine cases have been documented worldwide and we are reporting the tenth case which is from Egypt. Clinical finding: A 2-year-old Egyptian boy that presented with an asymptomatic swelling of the mandible which appeared with multilocular radiolucency associated with an impacted developing tooth on a computerized tomography (CT) scan. Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes: The lesion was excised and diagnosed as a primordial odontogenic tumor. The patient was followed up for two years with no recurrence. Conclusion: Differentiation of primordial odontogenic tumors from other odontogenic tumors, which resemble it histopathologically is crucial to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment.
Infected Dentigerous Cyst and its Conservative Management: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Amol S Patil, Prasad N Jathar, Amey M Panse, Samhita R Bahutule, Raju U Patil, Madhuri Patil
Journal: Int J Clin Pediatr Dent (2019)
Keywords: decompression, infected dentigerous cyst, mixed dentition, radicular cyst, stent
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Aim:
To check the efficacy of decompression technique in children with dentigerous cysts.
Background:
Most commonly occurring odontogenic cysts in the oral cavity are radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts.1 According to Kramer, a cyst is defined as a pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid, or gaseous contents, which is not created by the accumulation of pus. A cyst which is lined by epithelium is known as a true cyst and that which is not lined by epithelium known as a pseudocyst.2 The dictionary meaning of dentigerous is "structures resembling teeth".3 A dentigerous cyst is found enveloping the crown of an unerupted, embedded, or submerged tooth by the expansion of its follicle till the neck of the tooth.1 It is not unusual for a dentigerous cyst to mimic a radicular cyst, especially when the cyst is associated with a pulpectomized or carious primary tooth and its unerupted permanent successor. This article presents two cases of infected dentigerous cysts. The first case was of a female patient associated with tooth 45; and another case was of a male patient associated with tooth 35. The infected dentigerous cyst in both the cases was treated with the most conservative option available, i.e., decompression technique.
Case description:
In this article, two cases of infected dentigerous cysts are discussed, in which one case deals with the female patient associated with tooth 45 and the other case deals with the male patient associated with tooth 35. The infected dentigerous cysts in both the cases were treated conservatively, i.e., with the decompression technique.
Conclusion:
The present case report states that the decompression technique may be the most conservative method available for managing dentigerous cysts in children.
How to cite this article:
Patil AS, Jathar PN, et al. Infected Dentigerous Cyst and its Conservative Management: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):68-72.
Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report
Authors: Huldah I Nwokeukwu, Paulinus N Okafor, Onuka Okorie, Ihuoma K Ukpabi
Journal: Case Rep Med (2013)

Background. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is in vitro resistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria. Objective. To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it. Methods. The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized. Results. A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen. Conclusion. Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.
CT Perfusion to Guide Placement of Invasive Cerebral Perfusion Monitor in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm
Authors: Hosam Al-Jehani, Judith Marcoux, Kawthar Hadhiah, Faisal Alabbas, Mark Angle, Jeanne Teitelbaum
Journal: Case Rep Neurol Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Vasospasm is a challenging component of the subarachnoid hemorrhage "syndrome" that is unpredictable and very difficult to monitor using noninvasive or invasive monitoring technologies in neurocritical units.
Methods:
We describe the novel use of computerized tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging to choose proper targets for invasive cerebral blood flow monitors.
Results:
A total of 3 patients are included in this report. CTP parameters were used to generate points of interest to target using invasive cerebral monitoring of the cerebral blood flow and initiate vasodilator therapy and subsequently guide its weaning.
Conclusions:
CTP can be useful in localizing a specific anatomical target for invasive monitoring in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients suffering from vasospasm.
Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma with Giant Cell Features Expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1: A Report of a Patient Successfully Treated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Shingo Nakayama, Mamoru Sasaki, Shojiroh Morinaga, Naoto Minematsu
Journal: Case Rep Oncol Med (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Giant cell carcinoma, a rare variant of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is characterized by aggressive progression and poor response to conventional chemotherapy. This report is the first to describe a patient with NSCLC and giant cell features who was successfully treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1). A 69-year-old woman was diagnosed with NSCLC with multiple brain metastases. Histological evaluation of lung biopsy specimens revealed proliferation of pleomorphic giant tumor cells with poor cohesiveness, findings consistent with giant cell carcinoma. Immunostaining showed that a high proportion of the tumor cells were positive for expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The patient received stereotactic radiotherapy for the brain metastases, followed by administration of pembrolizumab. Treatment with pembrolizumab resulted in the rapid regression of the primary lung nodule, with the progression-free period maintained for at least four treatment cycles. Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 may be an option for patients with PD-L1-positive NSCLC with giant cell features.
Multiple Intraosseous Cysts of the Carpal Bones Presenting as Unilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Raymonde Dahdouh, Dany Aouad, Elyssa Kiwan, Georges Sakhat, Mohammad Daher, Rabih Kortbawi, Joseph Wehbe
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Intraosseous ganglion cysts (IGC) of the carpal bones are frequently reported in the literature, involving at most two carpal bones of the same wrist. Only one case recently described the presence of multiple intraosseous ganglion lesions in the capitate, lunate, and triquetrum, resulting in chronic wrist pain. The following study reports the first case of multiple IGCs causing a unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), in a 56-year-old woman, with no previous history of trauma. Failure of conservative management prompted carpal tunnel release and the surgical excision of the ICGs, followed by autologous bone grafting to fill in the defects. Consequently, IGCs must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral CTS due to the expansile nature of the bone lesions.
Imported cutaneous diphtheria, United Kingdom
Authors: Anne-Claire de Benoist, Joanne Margaret White, Androulla Efstratiou, Carole Kelly, Ginder Mann, Bernadette Nazareth, Charles James Irish, Deepti Kumar, Natasha Sarah Crowcroft
Journal: Emerg Infect Dis (2004)
MeSH terms: Corynebacterium diphtheriae / pathogenicity, Diphtheria / epidemiology, Diphtheria Toxoid / immunology, Travel, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Adult, Aged, Child, Corynebacterium diphtheriae / isolation & purification, Diphtheria / immunology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, United Kingdom / epidemiology, Diphtheria Toxoid

Cutaneous diphtheria is endemic in tropical countries but unusual in the United Kingdom. Four cases occurred in the United Kingdom within 2 months in 2002. Because cutaneous diphtheria causes outbreaks of both cutaneous and pharyngeal forms, early diagnosis is essential for implementing control measures; high diphtheria vaccination coverage must also be maintained.