OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Rape and the prevalence of hybrids in broadly sympatric species: a case study using albatrosses
Authors: Sievert Rohwer, Rebecca B Harris, Hollie E Walsh
Journal: PeerJ (2014)
Keywords: forced copulation, gene flow, heterospecific rape, hybridization, isolation with migration, phoebastria

Conspecific rape often increases male reproductive success. However, the haste and aggression of forced copulations suggests that males may sometimes rape heterospecific females, thus making rape a likely, but undocumented, source of hybrids between broadly sympatric species. We present evidence that heterospecific rape may be the source of hybrids between Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes, and P. immutabilis, respectively). Extensive field studies have shown that paired (but not unpaired) males of both of these albatross species use rape as a supplemental reproductive strategy. Between species differences in size, timing of laying, and aggressiveness suggest that Black-footed Albatrosses should be more successful than Laysan Albatrosses in heteropspecific rape attempts, and male Black-footed Albatrosses have been observed attempting to force copulations on female Laysan Albatrosses. Nuclear markers showed that the six hybrids we studied were F1s and mitochondrial markers showed that male Black-footed Albatrosses sired all six hybrids. Long-term gene exchange between these species has been from Black-footed Albatrosses into Laysan Albatrosses, suggesting that the siring asymmetry found in our hybrids has long persisted. If hybrids are sired in heterospecific rapes, they presumably would be raised and sexually imprinted on Laysan Albatrosses, and two unmated hybrids in a previous study courted only Laysan Albatrosses.
First experience with a thermal-sprayed silver oxide-containing hydroxyapatite coating implant in two-stage total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of septic arthritis with hip osteoarthritis: A case report
Authors: Akira Hashimoto, Motoki Sonohata, Masaru Kitajima, Shunsuke Kawano, Shuichi Eto, Masaaki Mawatari
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2020)
Keywords: septic arthritis of the hip, silver, total hip arthroplasty
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Septic arthritis of the hip joint in adults is a rare and potentially devasting disease. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of septic arthritis of the hip joint with a cementless hip implant that has antibacterial properties.
Presentation of case:
We present a case of two-stage THA with a thermal-sprayed silver oxide-containing hydroxyapatite coating (Ag-HA) implant to treat septic arthritis of the hip joint with hip osteoarthritis in an 80-year-old woman. There was no complication or recurrence at 28 months follow-up after 2nd-stage operation.
Discussion:
Ag-HA implants were found to have antibacterial activity within the subcutaneous tissues and bone, osteoconductive properties, and no adverse reactions in vivo. Moreover, no adverse events due to silver were reported in a clinical or radiographic study.
Conclusion:
To further reduce infection after two-staged THA for septic arthritis of the hip joint, antibacterial implants, such as an Ag-HA implant, may be used.
Recovery of otoacoustic emission function in luetic endolymphatic hydrops: a possible measure of improvement in cochlear function
Authors: Robert H Chun, Jayant M Pinto, Rebecca Blankenhorn, Vijay S Dayal
Journal: Int J Otolaryngol (2009)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Syphilis is a preventable and curable multi-organ disease caused by Treponema pallidum that may also affect the inner ear. First reported in 1887 by Adam Politzer, luetic endolymphatic hydrops (LEH) is a treatable complication of syphilis which causes a potentially reversible sensorineural hearing loss. Symptoms of LEH include fluctuating hearing loss (often low frequency), tinnitus, and vertigo. Though audiometric parameters have been examined in patients with otosyphilis, few studies have examined the use of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) as a tool to measure improvement in cochlear function. Here we report an improvement in hearing loss, speech discrimination, and OAEs following treatment of LEH.
Primary Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of Gallbladder With MB21D2/GALNT12/ARID2 Mutations: A Case Report
Authors: Zhenyu Li, Qingming Jiang, Xinyu Chen, Yu Xiao, Jue Xiao
Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2022)
Keywords: tmb, case report, gallbladder, hepatoid adenocarcinoma, immunocytochemistry
MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma / genetics, Gallbladder Neoplasms / genetics, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics, N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / genetics, Transcription Factors / genetics, Case Reports, Aged, Female, Humans, Mutation, ARID2 protein, human, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, MB21D2 protein, human, Transcription Factors, GALNT12 protein, human, N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases

Background:
Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is a relatively rare type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma. The genetic changes involved in this type of adenocarcinoma were unexplained so far. We reported a rare case of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with Mab-21 domain containing 2 (MB21D2), polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12 (GALNT12), and AT-rich interaction domain 2 (ARID2) mutations, which was confirmed after surgical resection pathologically.
Case summary:
A 69-year-old female with distention of hypogastrium and constipation received enema treatment, but ineffectively. No abnormalities were found on relevant physical examination. Then, the CT and MRI demonstrated a 3.3-4-cm soft tissue mass shadow in the neck of the gallbladder. The primary lesions consisted of two components: high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of glands and hepatoid glands microscopically after laparoscope cholecystectomy. Immunohistochemical staining showed the sameness and difference of the two areas. Furthermore, tumor mutational burden (TMB) shows that the MB21D2, GALNT12, and ARID2 genes were mutated.
Conclusion:
This is the first report of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with MB21D2, GALNT12, and ARID2 mutations. This will provide a theoretical basis for genetic changes in rare tumors.
Tonsillar granuloma associated with hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Aleksi Laajala, Outi Kuismin, Mikko Tastula, Leena Tiitto, Saila Kauppila, Anna Salo, Pirjo Åström, Antti Nissinen, Virpi Glumoff, Mikko R J Seppänen, Timo Hautala
Journal: Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol (2020)
Keywords: granuloma, hypogammaglobulinemia, rituximab, sarcoidosis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Rare tonsillar granulomas may be caused for example by infections, malignancies or sarcoidosis. Granulomas also occur in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with B cell maturation defects and hypogammaglobulinemia. CVID shares various features with sarcoidosis and drug-induced secondary hypogammaglobulinemia; careful consideration of differential diagnosis between these conditions is warranted.
Case presentation:
A 29-year-old female with epilepsy developed dysphagia, dyspnea and impaired exercise tolerance. Obstruction caused by swollen lingual tonsil and edema in the epiglottis and arytenoid mucosa were found. Lingual tonsil and epiglottis biopsies displayed non-necrotizing granulomas. There was no evidence of viral, bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infections. Chest X-ray, computerized tomography of chest and ultrasound of neck and abdomen remained unremarkable. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed laryngeal enhancement. Empiric antimicrobials combined with prednisolone were insufficient to control her disease. In immunological evaluation, the patient had normal counts of B and T cells. Proportions of CD27+ memory B cells (30.3%) and IgD-IgM-CD27+ switched memory B cells (7.2%; normal range 6.5-29.2%) were normal. Percentage of activated CD21low B cells was high (6.6%; normal range 0.6-3.5%). IgG (3.5 g/L; normal range 6.77-15.0 g/l) and all IgG subclass concentrations were low. Anti-polysaccharide responses were impaired, with 3/10 serotypes reaching a level of 0.35 µg/ml after immunization with Pneumovax®. The findings were consistent with hypogammaglobulinemia resembling CVID, possibly secondary to antiepileptic medication. Her dyspnea and dysphagia responded favorably to subcutaneous IgG and rituximab.
Conclusions:
Tonsillar granulomas can be the presenting and only clinical feature of B cell deficiency, highlighting the diversity of symptoms and findings in primary or secondary immunodeficiencies.
Atypical painless vision loss in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Patricia C Nelson, Vamsi Kunam, Claudia Prospero Ponce
Journal: GMS Ophthalmol Cases (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Vasculitis is a common cause of vision loss, and typically painful. In giant cell arteritis, the most common primary vasculitis in adults, we see elevated inflammatory markers, granulomatous inflammation, and associated headache or scalp tenderness. Vision loss caused by granulomatous with polyangiitis (GPA) is rare and typically associated with pain and orbital findings. Our patient presented for shortness of breath and painless vision loss without orbital inflammation or neural enhancement and a normal fundus exam, suggesting posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Collaboration amongst sub-specialties and obtaining tissue samples are key to diagnosing granulomatosis with polyangiitis to ensure timely treatment of this fatal and blinding disease.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in a Child with Congenital Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction (CIPO)
Authors: Mohammed Zameer, Syed Ali Peeran, Syed Nahid Basheer, Syed Wali Peeran, Sameen Badiujjama Birajdar, Faisal Mohammad Alzahrani, Ali Mohammed A Alkhayrat
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2020)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect of systemic origin affecting 1-4 permanent first molars (PFMs) frequently in association with affected permanent incisors (PIs). The exact etiology of MIH is still unclear but considered to be multifactorial. This present case report to the best of our knowledge is the first case reported which acknowledges MIH in a patient with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) with underlying neurological disease due to somatic mitochondrial disorder. It also elicits the availability of various contemporary treatment options and their proper selection and early intervention to manage the functional and aesthetic problems caused by enamel defects and to improve the quality of life in the patients.
Platelet Rich Plasma-A Healing Aid and Perfect Enhancement Factor: Review and Case Report
Authors: Rani Somani, Iram Zaidi, Shipra Jaidka
Journal: Int J Clin Pediatr Dent (2011)
Keywords: growth factor, prp, regeneration, wound healing
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been a breakthrough in the stimulation and acceleration of tissue healing. It represents a relatively new approach in regenerative procedures and is a developing area in pediatric dentistry. It is an autologous source of growth factors obtained by sequestrating and concentrating platelets by gradient density centrifugation. This novel and potentially promising technique enhances body's natural wound healing mechanism. This article goes on to describe preparation and clinical benefits of PRP in pediatric dentistry.
Recurrent hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patient due to hypothyroidism
Authors: Alok Kumar
Journal: J Diabetes Metab Disord (2015)
Keywords: hypoglycaemia, hypothyroidism, thyroid, type 2 diabetes mellitus
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Objective:
To present a case report of recurrent hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patient due to hypothyroidism.
Methods:
We describe a case with type 2 diabetes who complained of episodes of recurrent hypoglycaemia in last few weeks. We also discuss the results of the diagnostic workup done to find out the cause of recurrent hypoglycaemia.
Result:
After ruling out common causes like overdosing of oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, renal or hepatic impairment we found overt hypothyroidism as a cause of recurrent hypoglycaemia. Levothyroxine therapy was started in this patient. Upon normalization of thyroid function, patient did not further experience any episodes of hypoglycaemia. We did not find any report on hypothyroidism as a cause of recurrent hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
Conclusion:
We conclude that during workup, clinicians should take hypothyroidism into consideration as a potential cause of hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
Case report: Savolitinib induced severe adverse reactions resembling septic shock in an HIV-1-positive patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ye Xiong, Qing Cao, Yongzheng Guo, Xiang Liu, Xueling Zhu, Bohao Dai, Biao Zhu
Journal: Front Pharmacol (2023)
Keywords: hiv-1, adverse drug rection, savolitinib, shock, targeted therapy
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Savolitinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) factor, was approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the China National Medical Products Administration in June 2021. Its safety for NSCLC treatment has been confirmed in several prospective cohort studies. Herein, we report a rare case of shock, a serious adverse event, after treatment with savolitinib in an HIV-1-positive patient with advanced NSCLC. A 38-year-old man with an 8-year history of HIV-1 positivity was diagnosed with NSCLC 5 years ago; the lung cancer recurred after surgical resection. Despite chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, tumor progression continued. He received savolitinib because of MET amplification. In the first 2 weeks of savolitinib use, he developed a mild rash on his trunk. In the following month, he was hospitalized for fever and circulatory shock thrice after taking savolitinib 400 mg. He had no urticaria or eosinophilia. During the three hospitalizations, he was negative for pathogens. His condition gradually improved after treatment with antibiotics, steroids, and vasopressors. Attention should be paid to the occurrence of septic shock-like presentations when using savolitinib in HIV-1 patients with NSCLC.
Conservative Treatment of Bilateral Impacted Mandibular Canines Traction
Authors: Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Vinicius Dutra, Mabel Mejía-Milian
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2023)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The objectives of the treatment of impacted canines differ according to the characteristics of dental malocclusion. Traction of the tooth is a conservative and viable alternative, which allows for maintaining stability and occlusal function. The following case report describes the treatment of an 11.6-year-old female patient, who presented bilateral impaction of mandibular canines in contact with the midline, mixed dentition in the inter-transitional period, class I angle malocclusion, with light crowding teeth. The treatment comprised three phases. The first phase, verticalization of the mandibular canines in mixed dentition, was performed to pull the impacted bilateral mandibular canines towards the dental arch to achieve their verticalization, maintaining the molar relationship, and the position of the upper and lower incisors. In the second phase, osteogenic rest was planned to relieve post-traction stress while awaiting the replacement of the mixed dentition. Finally, the third phase in permanent dentition was to align and level canines within the arch after extraction of the deciduous canines. For the viability of the permanent mandibular canines in the dental arch, orthosurgical traction was implemented, with a traction system with closed nickel-titanium coil springs with a transitory rigid dental-mucous-supported anchorage device, which allowed control and protection of the adjacent teeth and movements with helical forces of a controlled three-dimensional range. The results of the treatment were adequate, achieving consolidated molar and canine relationships, overjet, overbite, and optimal facial balance.
Case Report: Successful Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Lung Disease With Cyclosporine A and Pirfenidone in a Child With SLE
Authors: Linxia Deng, Yaxian Chen, Xiufen Hu, Jianhua Zhou, Yu Zhang
Journal: Front Immunol (2021)
Keywords: child, cyclosporine a (csa), interstitial lung disease, pirfenidone, systemic lupus erythematosus
MeSH terms: Cyclosporine / therapeutic use, Lung Diseases, Interstitial / drug therapy, Lung Diseases, Interstitial / etiology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / complications, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / drug therapy, Pyridones / therapeutic use, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Child, Preschool, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use, Male, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Immunosuppressive Agents, Pyridones, Cyclosporine, pirfenidone

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) as an initial manifestation of lupus is rare, especially in young children. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with fever, shortness of breath, and facial erythema. Clinical examination suggested a diagnosis of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with butterfly rash, anemia, positive antinuclear antibody, positive anti-double-stranded DNA, and hypocomplementemia. On retrospective review of the patient's records, multiple chest computed tomography (CT) images showed non-specific interstitial pneumonia + organizing pneumonia pattern, with no further autoimmune work-up during the visit to a respiratory department. In our opinion, persistent interstitial pneumonia may be a clue to connective tissue disease. The patient received steroid treatment for 1 year, and the radiological and immunological resolution was noted. However, he still suffered from cough and dyspnea. After a 1-year follow-up, he was hospitalized again for SLE relapse. While continuing corticosteroid therapy, the patient was given combination therapy consisting of cyclosporine A (CsA) and monthly-pulse cyclophosphamide for 6 months, and decreased proteinuria was noted. However, the patient's respiratory symptoms and pulmonary radiologic findings did not improve significantly. With continued steroid therapy, the patient was started on a daily regimen of CsA and pirfenidone. Both drugs were sufficiently effective to allow gradual reduction of steroid dosage. After 2 years of treatment, marked improvements in symptoms, pulmonary function and chest CT images were observed. Our experience with this case emphasizes that prompt work-up for connective tissue disease (CTD) should be considered in young children with ILD, and pirfenidone might be a useful add-on therapy with immunosuppressive agents for refractory CTD-ILD in pediatric patients. Nevertheless, further clinical trials including larger numbers of patients need to assess the efficiency and safety of this combination therapy for refractory CTD-ILD.
Lung cancer combined with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder: A case report
Authors: Atsushi Sekimura, Shun Iwai, Aika Funasaki, Nozomu Motono, Katsuo Usuda, Hidetaka Uramoto
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: lpd, lung cancer, lymphoproliferative disorder, mtx, methotrexate

Introduction:
Methotrexate (MTX)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with MTX; however, patients with concomitant pulmonary lesions are rare. We present a case of lung cancer combined with MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorder for which, for which it was necessary to differentiate these from possible pulmonary metastasis.
Presentation of a case:
A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in the left upper bronchus. He was receiving oral MTX and prednisolone for rheumatoid arthritis for 15 years. However, chest computed tomography performed 1 week before surgery revealed a 1-cm-sized pulmonary nodule in the right lung. Surgical pulmonary resection of the right lung tumor revealed substantial B-cell lymphoma-type lymphoproliferative disorder. Left upper lobectomy for the squamous cell carcinoma in the left upper bronchus was performed 5 weeks after the first surgery. Chest CT performed 2 weeks after the first surgery revealed a new 1-cm-sized nodule in the lower left lung lobe. However, after discontinuing oral MTX therapy, the new lesion in the left lower lobe disappeared.
Discussion and conclusion:
In lung cancer patients treated with MTX for rheumatoid arthritis, MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorder should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Effect of Chest Physiotherapy on Improving Pulmonary Function in Dealing With Congenital Heart Disease and Lung Collapse: A Case Report
Authors: Manali A Boob, Moli Jain, Divya M Badjate
Journal: Cureus (2023)
Keywords: chest vibration, flacc scale, lung squeeze technique, patent ductus arteriosus, prolonged slow expiration
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. We present the case of a three-month-old female infant admitted to a tertiary care center with the complaint of cough, poor feeding, and breathing difficulties. Based on the investigatory finding, she was diagnosed with PDA with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an atrial septal defect (ASD), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and pneumonia. In this patient, a left posterolateral thoracotomy was done to accomplish PDA ligation and coarctation repair. The outcomes of the infants were documented using the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale, and arterial blood gas analysis. The therapeutic aim specified an increase in oxygen saturation, enhanced total functional capacity, optimized respiration, cleared chest secretions, and normalized cardiovascular function. The effectiveness of the cardiorespiratory physiotherapy treatment regimen based on the patient's existing state of health is the focus of this case report. The outcome variable indicated that the patient's functional recovery was optimal.
Delayed recognition of type 1 sigmoid-colon atresia: the perforated web variety
Authors: Ghulam Mustafa, Bilal Mirza, Zahid Bashir, Afzal Sheikh
Journal: APSP J Case Rep (2010)
Keywords: colonic atresia, colonic stenosis, intestinal obstruction, perforated colonic web
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Colonic atresias are the rare malformations of the colon and constitute about 1.7 to 15% of all gastrointestinal (GI) atresias. A 6-month old infant presented with recurrent episodes of sub-acute intestinal obstruction since birth. During the index admission, patient had clinical signs of complete intestinal obstruction. The patient was operated and type I sigmoid-colon atresia found which on further exploration tuned out to be of perforated mucosal web variety. The resection of the involved part of colon and a primary end to oblique colo-colic anastomosis was performed.
Verrucous sarcoidosis: a diagnosis to keep in mind
Authors: Nadia Nabli, Rima Gammoudi, Amina Aounallah, Badreddine Sriha, Colandane Belajouza, Mohamed Denguezli
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2020)
Keywords: verrucous sarcoidosis, perineum, pulmonary sarcoidosis
MeSH terms: Sarcoidosis / diagnosis, Skin Diseases / diagnosis, Case Reports, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sarcoidosis / pathology, Skin Diseases / pathology

Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis occur in up to 30% of cases, and may be the sentinel sign of the disease, with the skin being sometimes exclusively affected. While this may facilitate an early dermatologic diagnosis, heterogeneity in the cutaneous morphologies of sarcoidosis complicates recognition and affirms its reputation as a "great imitator". Here, we present a case of a verrucous version of sarcoidosis that may be misdiagnosed because it can mimic other inflammatory and neoplastic skin disorders. Although it is a rare variant, its presence should alert clinicians to the likelihood of systemic involvement of cutaneous sarcoidosis.