OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in an Infant in Colombia
Authors: Juan David Ruiz-Zapata, Luis Mauricio Figueroa-Gutiérrez, Jaime Alberto Mesa-Franco, Paula Andrea Moreno-Gutierrez
Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) (2020)
Keywords: colombia, ivermectin, myiasis, newborn, screwworm infection, umbilicus
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Myasis is the infestation by fly larvae (Diptera) in live vertebrates including humans. Myasis has been reported most commonly in tropical and subtropical areas around the world with poor sanitation and presence of cattle. Neonatal umbilical myiasis is an important cause of death in bovines and produces major economic losses in the livestock industry. However, its presentation in humans is rare, with a few cases reported worldwide. Moreover, umbilical myasis can be life-treating due to the risk of larvae migration to deeper tissues of the abdomen, omphalitis, and sepsis. We describe the case of a 7-day-old infant admitted to the hospital due to umbilical cord myiasis. In total, 55 larvae were removed from the wound and identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax. The patient recovered satisfactorily after treatment with ivermectin and amoxicillin. A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Google Scholar, with 64 cases of myasis by C. hominivorax being reviewed. Oral cavity, wounds, scalp and natural orifices are the main affected anatomical areas. Risk factors include the extremes of age, male sex, poor hygiene, alcohol and drug use, cancer, and mental disability. Programs for human myiasis prevention and surveillance are needed in neotropical areas where living conditions make it difficult to implement control strategies.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: case report of a patient effectively treated with pexidartinib (PLX3397) and review of the literature
Authors: Nicholas Giustini, Nicholas M Bernthal, Susan V Bukata, Arun S Singh
Journal: Clin Sarcoma Res (2018)
Keywords: csf1, case report, gct-ts, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, plx3397, pvns, pexidartinib, pigmented villonodular synovitis, tgct, tenosynovial giant cell tumor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCTs) or giant cell tumors of tendon sheath are neoplasms that arise in the synovium. They can be categorized as nodular (localized) or diffuse type (D-TGCT). Historically, surgery has been the mainstay of therapy, but diffuse type disease recurs at a high rate and treatment often requires increasingly morbid procedures. Elucidation of the importance of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)/CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) pathway in the pathogenesis of this disease has created significant interest in targeting this pathway as a novel TGCT treatment approach. Pexidartinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor against CSF1R, showed an 83% disease control rate (52% with partial response and 31% with stable disease) in a recent phase 1 study of patients with TGCT.
Case presentation:
We present an illustrative example of a TGCT patient who would have required a morbid operation who derived considerable clinical benefit from pexidartinib treatment. Her tumor volume decreased by 48% after 4 months of treatment, and 55 months after starting treatment the patient exhibits continued disease stability with minimal clinical symptoms, and significant improvement in functional status.
Conclusions:
This case illustrates the effectiveness of systemic therapy in controlling a disease associated with high surgical morbidity. This approach may be especially useful in the treatment of extra-articular disease which often invades neurovascular bundles; as the effectiveness in metastatic disease is still unknown. In the future, systemic treatment for TGCT may be appropriate for the neoadjuvant setting to decrease disease burden prior to surgery with the aim of decreasing recurrence rates. However, properly designed prospective studies will need to be carried out to answer these questions.
Death by late presenting of diaphragmatic hernia in an infant: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sarra Ben Abderrahim, Maher Jedidi, Amal Ben Daly, Zeineb Nfikha, Mohamed Ben Dhiab, Majed Zemni, Moncef Mokni, Mohamed Kamel Souguir
Journal: Egypt J Forensic Sci (2022)
Keywords: autopsy, case report, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, infant, sudden death
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital malformation of the diaphragm, resulting in the herniation of the abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. If not properly diagnosed before or at birth, CDH represents a life-threatening pathology in infants and a major cause of death. We present a fatal case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia corresponding to Bochdalek hernia, discovered incidentally during a sudden death's autopsy of an infant. To achieve a better view of the range of these anomalies, we also conducted a literature review on this subject describing the pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, and autopsy contribution to addressing these CDH.
Case presentation:
The case involved a 4-month-old female infant who presented sudden respiratory difficulties after breastfeeding. External examination found marked cyanosis with no evidence of trauma. Upon opening the chest cavity, the stomach, markedly distended, was occupying much of the left pleural cavity. The left lung was compressed and displaced superiorly, and the heart was also compressed and deviated to the right. This mediastinal deviation was due to an ascension of the stomach into the chest cavity through a 2 × 1.5 cm defect in the posterior left hemidiaphragm. Further examination remarked an ecchymotic appearance of the stomach portion entrapped in the hernia defect suggesting recent strangulation of the stomach. The lungs showed atelectasis with signs of pulmonary infection in the histology study.
Conclusions:
CDH might be considered uncommon and not always mentioned in the list of sudden death in infant causes. Forensic pathologists should know of this malformation in order to apply the best autopsy techniques and thus allow positive feedback to pediatricians considering the possible legal implications.
Bilateral metachronous breast malignancies: Malignant phylloides and invasive breast carcinoma-a case report
Authors: Norlia Abdullah, Iqbal Hussain Rizuana, Janice Hui Ling Goh, Qi Zheng Lee, Nurismah Md Isa, Suria Hayati Md Pauzi
Journal: Front Oncol (2023)
Keywords: breast carcinoma, malignant phylloides, mastectomy, metachronous, recurrence
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 57-year-old Malay nullipara initially presented with a right breast lump that was increasing in size but defaulted follow-up. Two years later, she developed a contralateral breast lump. She only returned to the hospital when the right breast lump had become painful, 4 years from its onset. The biopsy of the right breast lump was a phylloides tumor and that of the left breast lump was a carcinoma. She had bilateral palpable axillary lymph nodes. She underwent bilateral mastectomy and axillary dissection. The pathology report confirmed the right breast lesion to be a malignant phylloides and the left breast lesion to be a carcinoma (pT3N2). She declined adjuvant treatment. A year after the surgical operation of the metachronous lesions, she had a right chest wall recurrence with widespread pulmonary metastases. She was given palliative chemotherapy but succumbed several months later.
Primary maxillofacial large B-cell lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: report of 5 cases
Authors: Ines Velez, Maritzabel Hogge
Journal: Case Rep Radiol (2011)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Lymphomas of the oral cavity represent 5% of all lymphomas. They usually occur in immunocompromised patients. Lymphoma arising within a single bone, without visceral or lymph node involvement, is known as primary intraosseous lymphoma. It is a rare condition and constitutes 3.1% of malignant bone tumors and 5% of extranodal lymphomas. Primary lymphoma of the jaw is seldom seen and it is often misdiagnosed. Clinically, the manifestations are usually similar to an odontogenic tumor, cyst, or infection. Radiographically it appears as a radiolucent area that may mimic endodontic lesion, periodontal pathology, or odontogenic cyst or tumor. The initial presentation is commonly followed by multiple unnecessary extractions and/or root canal treatments. We present five cases of rare primary lymphoma of the maxillofacial complex, four of them intraosseous.
Fertility Outcomes and Sperm-DNA Parameters in Metastatic Melanoma Survivors Receiving Vemurafenib or Dabrafenib Therapy: Case Report
Authors: Marco Ghezzi, Andrea Garolla, Sabina Magagna, Iva Šabovich, Massimiliano Berretta, Carlo Foresta, Luca De Toni
Journal: Front Oncol (2020)
Keywords: braf inhibitors, cryopreservation, male fertility, metastatic melanoma, sperm dna
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Melanoma is a frequent neoplasm in young adult males in reproductive age, 10% of them degenerating into regional and/or distant metastases (MM). The use of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) vemurafenib and dabrafenib is effective in MM patients harboring BRAF V600E/K/D mutations. Despite the increased life expectancy in MM patients treated with BRAFi, concerns are raised by the possible side effects and increased risk of gonado- and/or genotoxicity associated with these drugs. However, these aspects are currently under-investigated. Here we report the different fertility outcome in two cases of MM patients, harboring BRAF V600E mutation, that received vemurafenib and dabrafenib respectively. The first patient, 36 years at recruitment in 2015 and seeking fatherhood, had an history of relapsing melanoma since 2002 and undergone to numerous interventions and chemotherapy cycles. In November 2011, following detection of BRAF V600E mutation, a daily treatment with vemurafenib (1,440 mg) was prescribed with preventive gamete cryopreservation. BRAFi was effective in the clinical stabilization of the disease. In 2015, semen evaluation at follow-up showed sperm parameters within the normal range and no signs of alteration of either sperm function or sperm-DNA. On these bases, no contraindications for fatherhood were given. After a month of free intercourses, the 38-year-old partner achieved spontaneous pregnancy with a regular course, normal male fetal karyotype and a full term birth. The second patient, 39 years at recruitment in 2018 and seeking fatherhood, had an history of melanoma since 2012. In 2018, following the evidence of disease relapse and detection of the BRAF V600E mutation, treatment with dabrafenib/trametinib (300 mg/day/2 mg/day) was initiated together with preventive gamete cryopreservation. In 2019, semen evaluation at follow up showed sperm count and motility below the reference values, associated with increased indexes of sperm aneuploidies and sperm DNA fragmentation. Accordingly, access to assisted reproduction technique with cryopreserved spermatozoa was suggested. Differently from dabrafenib that was associated to damage to spermatogenesis, high-dose vemurafenib showed no association with gonadotoxicity and genotoxicity in humans, even at high doses. Although further confirmation are required, our data represent a valued cue in oncofertility counseling to MM patients in addition to preventive cryopreservation.
Case Report: Overlapping Multiple Sclerosis With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ying Huang, Qian Wang, Silin Zeng, Yaqing Zhang, Liangyu Zou, Xuejun Fu, Qianhui Xu
Journal: Front Immunol (2020)
Keywords: anti-nmda antibody, anti-nmda receptor encephalitis, atypical symptoms, multiple sclerosis, overlap
MeSH terms: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / diagnosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / diagnosis, Case Reports, Review, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use, Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / drug therapy, Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents / therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use, Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use, Levetiracetam / therapeutic use, Methylprednisolone / therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / drug therapy, Olanzapine / therapeutic use, Prednisolone / therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anticonvulsants, Antipsychotic Agents, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Immunologic Factors, Levetiracetam, Prednisolone, Olanzapine, Methylprednisolone

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder mediated by NMDAR antibodies, typically manifesting as behavioral complaints, psychosis, seizures, movement disorders, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysfunction. In recent years, the predisposing factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis have been tried to be clarified. It has been recognized that an overlap may be observed between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and inflammatory demyelinating disease. However, anti-NMDAR encephalitis is rarely associated with multiple sclerosis. Here, we describe a Chinese female patient diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis who developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Further, we discuss the previously reported literature.
Pituitary apoplexy and COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ludovica Aliberti, Irene Gagliardi, Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Giovanna Schiuma, Paola Franceschetti, Roberta Gafà, Luca Borgatti, Michele A Cavallo, Maria C Zatelli, Maria R Ambrosio
Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2022)
Keywords: covid - 19, sars – cov – 2, autoimmunity, pituitary apoplexy, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (vitt)
MeSH terms: COVID-19 / complications, Pituitary Apoplexy / etiology, Pituitary Neoplasms, Review, Case Reports, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, COVID-19 Vaccines / adverse effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccine

A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for vomit, nausea, diplopia, and headache resistant to analgesic drugs. Symptoms started the day after his third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Moderna) whereas SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab was negative. Pituitary MRI showed recent bleeding in macroadenoma, consistent with pituitary apoplexy. Adverse Drug Reaction was reported to AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency).A stress dexamethasone dose was administered due to the risk of adrenal insufficiency and to reduce oedema. Biochemistry showed secondary hypogonadism; inflammatory markers were elevated as well as white blood cells count, fibrinogen and D-dimer. Pituitary tumour transsphenoidal resection was performed and pathology report was consistent with pituitary adenoma with focal haemorrhage and necrosis; we found immunohistochemical evidence for SARS-CoV-2 proteins next to pituitary capillaries, in the presence of an evident lymphocyte infiltrate.Few cases of pituitary apoplexy after COVID-19 vaccination and infection have been reported. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this clinical picture, including cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and pituitary proteins, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, infection-driven acutely increased pituitary blood demand, anti-Platelet Factor 4/heparin antibodies development after vaccine administration. Ours is the first case of SARS-CoV-2 evidence in pituitary tissue, suggesting that endothelial infection of pituitary capillaries could be present before vaccination, possibly due to a previous asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our case underlines that SARS-CoV-2 can associate with apoplexy by penetrating the central nervous system, even in cases of negative nasal swab. Patients with pituitary tumours may develop pituitary apoplexy after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, therefore clinicians should be aware of this risk.
Graft-versus-lymphoma effect in a 64-year-old caucasian woman after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Gerhard Behre, Thomas Weber, Sebastian Theurich, Maximilian Christopeit
Journal: J Med Case Rep (2009)

Introduction:
The existence of a graft-versus-lymphoma effect is well established. When lacking a firm diagnosis, however, the clinician is challenged to to weigh the potential benefits of the graft-versus-lymphoma effect against potential dangers of graft-versus-host disease as well as against generalized (viral) infections.
Case presentation:
We present evidence for a graft-versus-lymphoma effect in a 64-year-old caucasian woman with a transplanted peripheral blood-stem-cell graft from her Human Leukocyte Antigen-identical sister, and propose diagnostic measures to distinguish between graft-versus-host effect, and against viral disease or drug-induced reactions.
Conclusion:
We were able to identify an allogeneic graft-reaction against progressive lymphoma alongside an erythema consistent with acute graft-versus-host disease of the skin. Establishing a firm diagnosis enabled us to decide against T-cell suppression (such as by using cyclosporine). Anti-lymphoma activity was favoured, by means of the allogeneic graft, local radiation and immunotherapy. This illustrates the importance of a sound differential diagnosis of erythema after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, including assessment of viral disease of the affected tissue.
Case report: Aborted sudden cardiac death as a first presentation of severe mitral annulus disjunction-a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Fay Apostolou, Marios Ioannides, Andreas Mitsis, Constantina Koutsofti, Constantinos Deltas, Panayiotis Avraamides
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2023)
Keywords: mitral annulus disjunction, mitral valve prolapse, sudden cardiac death, transthoracic echocardiography, ventricular arrhythmia
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) is defined as a systolic displacement between the ventricular myocardium and the posterior mitral annulus supporting the posterior mitral leaflet. This structural abnormality is associated with the loss of mechanical annular function manifested as an abnormal systolic excursion of the leaflet hinge point into the left atrium but with maintained electrical function, separating the left atrium and ventricle electrophysiologically. The mitro-aortic fibrous continuity limits MAD anteriorly, between the aortic cusps and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Consequently, MAD has been observed only at the insertion of the posterior leaflet. It can extend preferentially at the central posterior scallop. The first diagnostic modality aiding the diagnosis is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), although in some cases adjunctive cardiac imaging modality might be suggested. MAD carries a strong association with malignant ventricular arrhythmogenesis and a profound predisposition for sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this context, a thorough investigation of this morphological and functional abnormality is vital in estimating the risk assessment and stratification for optimal management and elimination of the risk of the patient for SCD. Based on the current scientific data and literature, we will discuss the diagnosis, clinical implications, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of MAD.
Treatment-Emergent Mania in a Prepubertal Boy
Authors: Dulangi Maneksha Amerasinghe Dahanayake, Gampolage Swarna Wijetunge
Journal: Case Rep Psychiatry (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Bipolar disorder among children has gained acceptance as a diagnostic entity but continues to pose diagnostic and management challenges due to the developmental differences in children and inadequate evidence for pharmacological management. We present the case of a prepubertal child presenting with an apparent depressive episode who developed treatment-emergent mania when commenced on sertraline. This case highlights the need for further research into the presentations and pharmacological management of prepubertal children with bipolar affective disorder.
Fibrosis in canine transmissible venereal tumor after chemotherapy with vincristine
Authors: Anderson do Prado Duzanski, Haline Ballestero Feo, Luis Mauricio Montoya Flórez, Fernando Carmona Dinau, Bruna Ribeiro Paiva, Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão, Noeme Sousa Rocha
Journal: Braz J Vet Med (2023)
Keywords: ctvt, dog, fibrosis, idiosyncratic reaction, vincristine
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The canine transmissible venereal tumor is type of transmissible cancer that occurs naturally through allogenic cellular transplants. Commonly diagnosed in the genital area of sexually active dogs, the tumor typically responds well to vincristine sulfate chemotherapy, although there are cases of resistance to the drug correlated with the tumoral phenotype. We describe herein a case of fibrosis in an area affected by the tumor in a dog after vincristine chemotherapeutic treatment that was associated with an idiosyncratic reaction to the drug.
Intermittent Boluses of Local Anesthetic Through Quadratus Lumborum Catheters for Analgesia in a Living Donor Hepatectomy
Authors: Shelly B Borden, Molly K Groose, Eric R Simon, Aaron S Hess, Kristopher M Schroeder
Journal: Case Rep Anesthesiol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

The demand for liver transplants in the United States far exceeds the supply of organs. As need has increased, so has use of living donors. Coagulopathy and various side effects often preclude the use of neuraxial regional techniques and opioids for postoperative analgesia in patients with large "J" incisions. Here, we present a 25-year-old male undergoing a living donor hepatectomy who received quadratus lumborum catheters placed percutaneously after closure of incision and prior to emergence to provide excellent analgesia and a viable opioid-sparing approach. Quadratus lumborum catheters are a safe option for a multimodal, opioid-sparing approach to analgesia.
Liver Hydatid Cyst Rupture with Respiratory Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Julián Moreno Rojas, Daniel Vas
Journal: J Belg Soc Radiol (2022)
Keywords: acute abdomen, anaphylaxis, hepatic hydatid disease, hydatid cyst, rupture
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We present a case of a young male patient who was brought to the emergency room with abdominal pain, fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia, and was initially oriented as an acute COVID-19 pneumonia. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed to rule out pneumonia and the abdominal extension of the study revealed a hepatic hydatid cyst with rupture into the abdominal cavity with respiratory distress secondary to an anaphylactic reaction that, if left untreated, may lead to a fatal outcome. An urgent laparotomy was performed with cyst resection. The follow-up and complications are briefly described.
Severe Case of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Recovery after Injection of Procaine into the Vesicoprostatic Plexus-Case Report and Discussion of Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: R M Kronenberg, S M Ludin, L Fischer
Journal: Case Rep Urol (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

We describe a patient with a 35-year history of a severe chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) that failed to adequately respond to various drug therapies and other treatments by different specialists. In addition to the ongoing chronic pain, he suffered from week-long episodes of increased pain with no discernible trigger. At the first consultation with us the patient was in a particularly severe pain phase. He was taking four different analgesically effective drugs. In terms of therapeutic local anesthesia (neural therapy), we performed suprapubic injection of procaine 1% with infiltration of the vesicoprostatic plexus. Just a few minutes later, the pain decreased significantly. To maintain and further increase the effect, we performed the injection six more times. The patient gradually reduced and stopped all drugs and remained free of pain and discomfort ever since. This is the first report of a successful therapeutic infiltration of the vesicoprostatic plexus using a local anesthetic (LA) in a patient with CPPS that has been refractory to different treatments for many years. A possible explanation may be that the positive feedback loops maintaining pain and neurogenic inflammation are disrupted by LA infiltration. This can lead to a new organisation (self-organisation) of the pain-processing systems.