OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Metastatic small-cell carcinoma of the bladder that maintains a complete response to chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Shinya Miyazaki, Takashi Ueda, Ryosuke Tamai, Akihisa Ueno, Terukazu Nakamura
Journal: IJU Case Rep (2022)
Keywords: carboplatin, irinotecan, radiation, small cell carcinoma, urinary bladder
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Small-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder has a poor prognosis, and no standard treatment has been established. We encountered a case of a patient with metastasis in which complete response and long-term survival were obtained by treating the primary lesion with a combination of irinotecan, carboplatin chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Case presentation:
An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with a bladder tumor with liver metastasis. Small-cell carcinoma was diagnosed via transurethral resection. Second-line chemotherapy with irinotecan and carboplatin and irradiation of the primary lesion were significantly effective. The imaging evaluation showed a complete response. The therapeutic effect was maintained for 1 year, even after the discontinuation of chemotherapy.
Conclusion:
Irinotecan and carboplatin should be considered for the treatment of small-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Irradiation of the primary lesion may also be useful if the extent of metastasis is low.
Cryptococcal Meningitis and Post-Infectious Inflammatory Response Syndrome in a Patient With X-Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lorenza Romani, Peter Richard Williamson, Silvia Di Cesare, Gigliola Di Matteo, Maia De Luca, Rita Carsetti, Lorenzo Figà-Talamanca, Caterina Cancrini, Paolo Rossi, Andrea Finocchi
Journal: Front Immunol (2021)
Keywords: x-linked hyper igm syndrome, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, fungal infection, post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome, primary immunodeficiency
MeSH terms: Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 1 / complications, Meningitis, Cryptococcal / etiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / etiology, Case Reports, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review, Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Meningitis, Cryptococcal / diagnostic imaging, Meningitis, Cryptococcal / drug therapy, Meningitis, Cryptococcal / immunology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / diagnostic imaging, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / drug therapy, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / immunology, Young Adult, Adrenal Cortex Hormones

The hyper IgM syndromes are a rare group of primary immunodeficiency. The X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM), due to a gene defect in CD40L, is the commonest variant; it is characterized by an increased susceptibility to a narrow spectrum of opportunistic infection. A few cases of HIGM patients with Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) have been described in the literature. Herein we report the case of a young male diagnosed in infancy with HIGM who developed CM complicated by a post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS), despite regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy and appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis. The patient was admitted because of a headache and CM was diagnosed through detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite the antifungal therapy resulting to negative CSF culture, the patient exhibited persistent headaches and developed diplopia. An analysis of inflammatory cytokines on CSF, as well as the brain MRI, suggested a diagnosis of PIIRS. Therefore, a prolonged corticosteroids therapy was started obtaining a complete resolution of symptoms without any relapse.
Improving diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy with a medical food containing L-methylfolate: a preliminary report
Authors: Jianhua Wang, Craig Brown, Ce Shi, Justin Townsend, Giovana Rosa Gameiro, Peng Wang, Hong Jiang
Journal: Eye Vis (Lond) (2019)
Keywords: diabetes, homocysteine, l-methylfolate, mthfr c677t, microaneurysms, retinopathy, vitamin d
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Homocysteine and vitamin D may play a role in the development of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Supplementing food with L-methylfolate and vitamin D theoretically may improve diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, however, the outcome of these nutritional approaches has not been fully examined. A retrospective case review was done of cases of retinopathy reversal in patients on Ocufolin™ and a similar nonprescription multivitamin, Eyefolate™. In this study, they were administered L-methylfolate (2.7 mg and 3.0 mg, respectively) and vitamin D3 (4500 IU each). These dosages are significantly above the RDA but well below levels associated with toxicity.
Case presentation:
Seven patients had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and some of them had hypertension. One patient had only hypertensive retinopathy. All patients were instructed to take Ocufolin™ medical food as a food supplement. Baseline genetic testing for MTHFR polymorphisms was conducted. Fundus photography was used to document the fundus condition of the enrolled eyes in 8 NPDR patients at the initial and follow-up visits. Microaneurysms (MA) and exudates were observed to be improved in some trial patients. All subjects had one or more MTHFR polymorphisms. All had diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, or both. MAs were resolved, and exudates were decreased in 8/8 cases after taking the medical food. Retinal edema was found in 2/8 cases and improved or resolved in both cases after taking the medical food or the supplement. The best corrected visual activity was stable or improved in 8/8 cases.
Conclusion:
We report a series of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy cases with MTHFR polymorphisms and the improvement of retinal microvasculature (mainly MAs) in serial fundus photography after taking a medical food or supplement containing L-methylfolate and vitamin D. It appears that the use of nutritional supplements and medical foods containing L-methylfolate and vitamin D may be effective in facilitating the improvement of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy.
Simultaneous Oculomotor and Facial Nerve Palsies in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Natsuki Shima, Takamasa Murosaki, Shotaro Yamamoto, Akiko Miyanaga, Hiroi Kusaka, Katsuya Nagatani, Takao Nagashima, Mikio Sawada, Masahiro Iwamoto, Seiji Minota
Journal: Case Rep Rheumatol (2019)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 70-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with simultaneous right oculomotor nerve palsy and right facial nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no abnormality. Coexistent Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of anti-SS-A antibody positivity, salivary gland scintigraphy, and histological findings on minor salivary gland biopsy. As there was no obvious cause of multiple cranial neuropathies, we supposed that the palsies were induced by either of the underlying diseases. The patient was treated with a high-dose of prednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, and both palsies recovered almost completely within two weeks.
Psychological aspects of pain prevention
Authors: Emma Fisher, Christopher Eccleston
Journal: Pain Rep (2021)
Keywords: cognitive behavioural therapy, evidence, pain, prevention, psychological

How to prevent the onset, maintenance, or exacerbation of pain is a major focus of clinical pain science. Pain prevention can be distinctly organised into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention describes avoiding hurt or pain, secondary prevention describes reducing pain when pain is unavoidable, and tertiary prevention describes preventing or reducing ongoing negative consequences such as high functional disability or distress due to chronic pain. Each poses separate challenges where unique psychological factors will play a role. In this short review article, we highlight psychological factors important to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and provide direction for the field. We present 2 case studies on secondary prevention in children and adolescents and tertiary prevention in adults with chronic pain. Finally, we provide research directions for progression in this field, highlighting the importance of clear theoretical direction, the identification of risk factors for those most likely to develop pain, and the importance of treatment.
Three COVID-19 cases with a long-term viral shedding period in Tunisia
Authors: Cyrine Bennasrallah, Rania Bannour, Olfa Jlassi, Mariem Kacem, Manel Ben Fredj, Hela Abroug, Imen Zemni, Behaeddine Garrach, Rihab Bahri, Nesrine Charfeddine, Sayda Triki, Asma Belguith Sriha
Journal: Pan Afr Med J (2020)
Keywords: covid-19, sars-cov-2, outbreak, pandemic, shedding
MeSH terms: COVID-19 / diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2, Case Reports, Adult, Aged, COVID-19 / virology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral / analysis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus Shedding, RNA, Viral

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of international concern. This was first emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and then has become widespread all over the world. We report 3 cases (2 imported cases and 1 local case) with documented viral shedding (based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing) of SARS-CoV-2 for 55, 59 and 63 days. Viral shedding duration was defined as the date of return from the COVID-19 pandemic countries for imported cases and from the first positive RT-PCR test for local cases, up to the second negative nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab. These cases demonstrate that viral shedding after COVID-19 diagnosis can be prolonged.
Development of Graves' Disease After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: David Tak Wai Lui, Ka Kui Lee, Chi Ho Lee, Alan Chun Hong Lee, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
Journal: Front Public Health (2021)
Keywords: covid-19, covid-19 vaccines, graves' disease, sars-cov-2, autoimmunity, thyroiditis
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Graves Disease, Thyroiditis, Case Reports, Review, Adult, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19 Vaccines, Female, Humans, RNA, Messenger / genetics, SARS-CoV-2, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vaccination / adverse effects, Vaccines, Synthetic, mRNA Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Synthetic, mRNA Vaccine, mRNA Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine

Background: Mounting evidence has revealed the interrelationship between thyroid and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to explain the thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disorders observed after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are limited reports of thyroid dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: We report a case of a 40-year-old Chinese woman who developed Graves' disease after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. A search of PubMed and Embase databases from 1 September 2019 to 31 August 2021 was performed using the following keywords: "COVID," "vaccine," "thyroid," "thyroiditis," and "Graves." Results: A 40-year-old Chinese woman who had 8-year history of hypothyroidism requiring thyroxine replacement. Her anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were negative at diagnosis. She received her first and second doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on 6 April and 1 May 2021, respectively. She developed thyrotoxicosis and was diagnosed to have Graves' disease 5 weeks after the second dose of vaccine, with positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin level, diffuse goiter with hypervascularity on thyroid ultrasonography and diffusely increased thyroid uptake on technetium thyroid scan. Both anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies became positive. She was treated with carbimazole. Literature search revealed four cases of Graves' disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, all after mRNA vaccines; and nine cases of subacute thyroiditis, after different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Conclusion: Our case represents the fifth in the literature of Graves' disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with an unusual presentation on a longstanding history of hypothyroidism. Clinicians should remain vigilant about potential thyroid dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the current pandemic.
False Positive Troponin I Rendering Two Admissions for "Recurrent Acute Myopericarditis"
Authors: Rita Marinheiro, Pedro Amador, Leonor Parreira, Quitéria Rato, Rui Caria
Journal: Open Cardiovasc Med J (2018)
Keywords: alkaline phosphatase, assay, echocardiography, false positive, myopericarditis, troponin i
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Introduction:
Since there are many manufacturers of cardiac troponin I assays, the true incidence of a false positive result is unknown. The authors report a case of an 18-year-old patient with previous history of recurrent myopericarditis and admitted to hospital twice again with a suspicious of myopericarditis.
Conclusion:
Troponin I was found to be a false positive and alkaline phosphatase interference was proved to have been the responsible for this.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in the Sinonasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Carly A Clark, Cameron P Worden, Brian D Thorp, Charles S Ebert, Adam M Zanation, Brent A Senior, Steven M Johnson, Wade G McClain, Adam J Kimple
Journal: Allergy Rhinol (Providence) (2020)
Keywords: extramedullary hematopoiesis, paranasal sinus, sickle cell anemia, sinonasal mass, sinus tumor
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs in patients with hematologic disorders, but rarely within the paranasal sinuses. We report a case of EMH in a 17-year-old male with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with occipital pain and sinusitis. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated heterogeneous opacification of the right maxillary sinus concerning for allergic fungal sinusitis or a fungal ball with bony erosion. He was taken to the operating room for endoscopic biopsy and a limited endoscopic sinus surgery. Grossly, his maxillary sinus was filled with spiculated osseous tissue. Final pathology demonstrated active hematopoietic bone marrow filling the sinus.
Methods:
We present a case report and literature review of sinonasal EMH.
Results:
We identified 14 articles with 15 patients. EMH was typically associated with SCD or beta thalassemia. The average age of presentation was 30. There was a male sex predilection with a ratio of 11:15. The most common presenting symptom was a headache and nasal obstruction (33% for both). The most common finding on CT was a soft tissue expansile mass (73%). The most commonly affected location was the maxillary sinus (60%).
Conclusions:
This case report serves as a reminder to consider EMH as an uncommon cause of sinus opacification, particularly in patients with SCD or beta thalassemia. The expansion of hematopoietic tissue may be identified as a sinus mass on CT. By recognizing the potential manifestations of chronic anemia, an accurate and timely diagnosis can be made.
A Case Report of Sporadic Adult Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID) With Stroke-Like Onset
Authors: Pan Lin, Hang Jin, Kun-Chang Yi, Xiang-Sheng He, Shi-Fang Lin, Gang Wu, Zai-Qiang Zhang
Journal: Front Neurol (2020)
Keywords: fxtas, neurodegenerative disease, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, skin biopsy, stroke
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. The clinical manifestations of NIID are complex and easily misdiagnosed. Based on the current knowledge of this disease, it is usually chronic, with almost no acute cases. Stroke-like disease is an extremely rare type of NIID. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with sudden left limb weakness. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high signal intensity in the skin-medullary junction area. Tissue pathology showed eosinophilic inclusions in the nuclei of the sweat gland cells and fat cells of the skin. Subsequent genetic analysis of the fragile X chromosome mental retardation gene 1 (FMR1) gene showed that the CGG repeat number was in the normal range, excluding fragile X-related tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). After 3 weeks of hospitalization, the patient's condition improved, and the left limb muscle strength recovered. Her symptoms were almost completely diminished after 3 months. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the strong clinical heterogeneity of NIID. NIID can manifest as acute hemiplegia and a stroke-like attack. This case study provides new information for the diagnosis of NIID and the classification of the clinical characteristics.
Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the extracranial carotid artery, a severe and rare disease, a case report
Authors: Gabriel Molina, Carolina Mesías, Juan Calispa, Kevin Arroyo, Katherine Jaramillo, Ligia Lluglla, Bernardo Gutierrez, Patricio Gálvez
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2020)
Keywords: carotid artery, mycotic pseudoaneurysm, neck surgery
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the carotid artery is a severe and rare disease. When it ruptures, it can produce severe morbidity and high mortality. It presents clinically as a pulsatile mass, usually diagnosable by computed tomography angiography with definitive confirmation achieved by establishing the presence of the pathogen in the tissue sample.
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 68-year-old male patient with a history of total laryngectomy. He presented with painful and pulsatile mass in his neck and, after precise evaluation, a ruptured carotid mycotic pseudoaneurysm was promptly detected and treated. After a surgical intervention and an adequate course of antibiotics, the patient successfully recovered.
Conclusions:
Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are uncommon and should always be surgically treated. Due to the high risk of potential complications, restoration of the arterial flow should be attempted in all occasions. High clinical awareness is imperative when approaching a mycotic pseudoaneurysm due to its wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, and must always be considered when diagnosing tumors of the neck. Despite its rarity, early detection and prompt treatment are critical to minimize the possibility of a fatal outcome.
Simultaneous Larva Migrans and Larva Currens Caused by Strongyloides stercoralis: A Case Report
Authors: Liliam Dalla Corte, Mariana Vale Scribel da Silva, Paulo Ricardo Martins Souza
Journal: Case Rep Dermatol Med (2013)

Strongyloidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, which penetrate the skin, go through the lymphatic circulation, and migrate to the lungs before reaching the intestines. They mature and may cause cutaneous strongyloidiasis, known as larva currens because of the quick migratory rate of the larva. The authors describe a case in which the larvae did not follow their natural lymph route, and after penetrating into the intertriginous area, they migrated to the dermis, developing larva migrans in the early phase, and later associated with the typical lesions of larva currens. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of larva in the skin biopsy.
Calling for justice with #JusticeforBreonnaTaylor: a case study of hashtag activism in the evolution of the black lives matter movement
Authors: Miyoung Chong
Journal: Soc Netw Anal Min (2023)
Keywords: black twitter, black lives matter, breonna taylor, hashtag activism, natural language processing, social network analysis, twitter

Taking a stage-based approach, before and after the release of the 15-h audio recording files of the grand jury's inquiry on the Breonna Taylor case on October 2, 2020, this study examined the #JusticeforBreonnaTaylor Twitter networks. By employing multimethodology, including natural language processing, social network analysis, and qualitative textual analysis, I examined keys connectors of the two Twitter networks and investigated major themes conducting thematic analysis of network discourses and highly associated hashtags with the hashtag #JusticeforBreonnaTaylor. In both networks, several key stakeholders, such as Benjamin Crump, Danial Cameron, and Black women activists were identified as key connectors along with social activists and ordinary participants. Demanding justice to the case was the core agenda of the hashtag activism. The findings of the study revealed that the participants not only shared breaking news and important information but also organized protests and routinely tagged people to spread messages about the Taylor's case on Twitter. The participants conversed major issues about the Taylor case and set the agendas for the next action, such as encouraging to take part in voting for the 2020 presidential election. The thematic analysis concurrently demonstrated that the network participants strongly demanded legal prosecution to the three Louisville cops that involved in the act of killing Breonna Taylor during the botched raid in her apartment.
Community-based workers' capacity to develop inclusive livelihoods for youth with disabilities in Botswana
Authors: Ermien van Pletzen, Bryson Kabaso, Theresa Lorenzo
Journal: Afr J Disabil (2021)
Keywords: africa, community development workers, community-based rehabilitation, disability, environmental factors, livelihoods, sustainable development, youth

Background:
Youth with disabilities encounter multiple barriers to livelihood opportunities and socio-economic inclusion. Research focusing on identifying and evaluating evidence-based strategies that may facilitate their transition into socio-economic participation is limited.
Objectives:
The study undertook to contribute knowledge and evidence to inform inclusive socio-economic development of youth with disabilities and capacitation of community-based workers engaged in implementing the livelihood component of community-based rehabilitation programmes advocating for inclusive development.
Method:
This qualitative exploratory case study used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children & Youth Version to analyse community-based workers' knowledge and experience of the rural and peri-urban communities in which they worked in Botswana. It further analysed their activities, strategies and recommendations in response to environmental factors impacting the livelihood opportunities of youth with disabilities. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, following a life history and phenomenological approach. Data were analysed inductively using thematic content analysis.
Results:
Community-based workers showed sufficient knowledge and experience of barriers and enablers in health, education and training, social development, employment and governance that facilitated or obstructed access to livelihood opportunities for youth with disability. Identifying more barriers than enablers, community-based workers adopted innovative strategies to sustain and strengthen their practices and activities in the livelihoods domain. They contributed recommendations, mainly aimed at government.
Conclusion:
Community-based workers have the capacity to provide valuable evidence and design strategy to facilitate the socio-economic inclusion of youth with disabilities. They are particularly adept at intervening at local levels but do not have sufficient confidence or capacity to mobilise supportive community structures or to exert influence at the level of policy formulation, decision-making and implementation.