OpenMed/multicare-articles huggingface dataset:
Fungal Endophthalmitis in a Case of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Successfully Treated With Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion
Authors: Yinlong Zhao, Wenbin Tian, Jiankai Yang, Xueqing Li, Huaihai Lu, Ning Yu, Pei Zhang, Chao Liu, Pengfei Chen, Guang Lei, Ya Liu
Journal: Front Microbiol (2022)
Keywords: amphotericin b colloidal dispersion, fungal infections, mucormycosis, rhino-orbito-cerebral, topical treatment

Background:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an acute, fulminant, opportunistic fungal infection that usually occurs in diabetes or immunocompromised patients. Amphotericin B combined with surgical debridement remains the standard treatment, although it is controversial due to its lager nephrotoxicity. Thus far, no studies have reported the treatment for ROCM-associated fungal endophthalmitis because the exact pathogenesis and transmission routes in ROCM remain unclear. Here, we reported a case of ROCM complicated with fungal endophthalmitis treated favorably with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) in combination with other antifungals and surgical debridement.
Case presentation:
A 34-year-old woman with diabetes was admitted to our hospital owing to right-sided headache for 8 days, blindness with swelling in the right eye for 5 days, and blindness in the left eye for 1 day. MRI showed that the patient had sphenoid sinus, sinuses, frontal lobe lesions, and proptosis of the right eye. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the patient had Rhizopus oryzae infection. During hospitalization, the patient received intravenous ABCD, oral posaconazole, and topical amphotericin B and underwent surgical debridement. After 67 days of treatment, the patient's condition was significantly improved, and limb muscle strength showed grade V. Rhizopus oryzae showed negative results, and conjunctival swelling decreased. Additionally, no nephrotoxicity occurred during treatment. After discharge, the patient's treatment was transitioned to oral posaconazole and she was free of complaints during the 30-day follow-up without any additional treatment for ROCM.
Conclusion:
Treatment with ABCD combined with other antifungal drugs and surgical debridement for ROCM complicated with fungal endophthalmitis showed remarkable efficacy and good safety. Hence, this regimen is a promising treatment strategy for this fatal disease.
"Impact of and response to increased tuberculosis prevalence among Syrian refugees compared with Jordanian tuberculosis prevalence: case study of a tuberculosis public health strategy"
Authors: Susan T Cookson, Hiba Abaza, Kevin R Clarke, Ann Burton, Nadia A Sabrah, Khaled A Rumman, Nedal Odeh, Marwan Naoum
Journal: Confl Health (2015)
Keywords: jordan, refugees, syrian crisis, tb control program, tuberculosis

Introduction:
By the summer of 2014, the Syrian crisis resulted in a regional humanitarian emergency with 2.9 million refugees, including 608,000 in Jordan. These refugees access United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-sponsored clinics or Jordan Ministry of Health clinics, including tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment. Tuberculosis care in Syria has deteriorated with destroyed health infrastructure and drug supply chain. Syrian refugees may have undiagnosed tuberculosis; therefore, the UNHCR, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Public Health Strategy for Tuberculosis among Syrian Refugees in Jordan. This case study presents that strategy, its impact, and recommendations for other neighboring countries.
Case description:
UNHCR determined that World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for implementing a tuberculosis program in an emergency were met for the Syrian refugees in Jordan. Jordan NTP assessed their tuberculosis program and found that access to Syrian refugees was the one component of their program missing. Therefore, a strategy for tuberculosis control among Syrian refugees was developed. Since that development through work with IOM, UNHCR, and NTP, tuberculosis case detection among Syrian refugees is almost 40 % greater (74 cases/12 months or 1.01/100,000 monthly through June 2014 vs. 56 cases/16 months or 0.73/100,000 monthly through June 2013) using estimated population figures; more than two fold the 2012 Jordan tuberculosis incidence. Additionally, the WHO objective of curing ≥85 % of newly identified infectious tuberculosis cases was met among Syrian refugees.
Discussion and evaluation:
Tuberculosis (TB) rates among displaced persons are high, but increased detection is possible. High TB rates were found among Syrian refugees through active screening and will probably persist as the Syrian crisis continues. Active screening can detect tuberculosis early and reduce risk for transmission. However, this strategy needs sustainable funding to continue and all activities have not been realized.
Conclusions:
Initial assessment found that tuberculosis among Syrian refugees was at a high incidence rate. Through partnership, a cohesive Jordanian tuberculosis strategy was developed for Syrian refugees and it has potential to inform treatment and control efforts for other regional countries impacted by the Syrian crisis.
Utilizing a Cortical Bone Trajectory Pedicle Screw for Lumbar Flexion-Distraction Injury
Authors: Naohisa Miyakoshi, Shigeto Maekawa, Masakazu Urayama, Yoichi Shimada
Journal: Case Rep Orthop (2018)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Spinal flexion-distraction injuries (FDIs) are unstable fractures, commonly located at the thoracolumbar junction. Management of FDIs often necessitates the use of posterior instrumentation and fusion, but long-segment instrumentation surgery decreases postoperative spinal mobility and increases the risk of junctional kyphosis and fracture. We report the case of a patient with FDI showing an L2 vertebral fracture, unilateral L2 pedicle fracture, and disruptions of the posterior ligamentous complex between L1 and L2. After open reduction using L1 and L2 pedicle screws with a conventional trajectory on the right side, a cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw was used as an osteosynthesis screw for the fractured left pedicle. This procedure enabled successful single-level fusion. Follow-up radiological examination revealed good reduction and complete bone union. To the best of our knowledge, utilizing a CBT technique as an osteosynthesis screw in FDIs has not previously been described.
Replacement of missing anterior teeth in a patient with temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Satheesh B Haralur, Omar Saeed Al-Shahrani
Journal: Case Rep Dent (2014)

The loss of anterior teeth leads to extreme psychological trauma, along with functional and esthetic debilitations. Healthy anterior teeth play an important role of protecting the posterior teeth during excursive mandibular movement. Loss of anterior teeth induces posterior interference with extended disocclusion time. Posterior disocclusion is critical to remove the harmful force on the teeth temporomandibular joint and eliminate muscle hypertonicity. Occlusal interference is considered as contributing factor to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. Prosthesis design should eliminate deleterious tooth contacts. Establishing optimum anterior guidance is a key to establishing harmonious functional occlusion in addition to the correction of the esthetic and phonetic disabilities. This case report explains the steps involved in the rehabilitation of the TMD patient with loss of maxillary anterior teeth.
Multiple-shower thromboembolism in an artificial mitral valve patient
Authors: Ori Argov, Moshe Weintraub, Gideon Charach
Journal: BMC Res Notes (2013)
MeSH terms: Heart Valve Prosthesis, Mitral Valve, Thromboembolism / diagnosis, Case Reports, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Thromboembolism / etiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background:
Late acute left atrial thrombosis is a rare life-threatening complication that mostly appears with predisposing primary coagulopathy, such as Protein C, Protein S, antithrombin 3 deficiency, antiphospholipid syndrome or hyperhomocysteinemia. We present grave outcome due to lack of anticoagulation in a patient with artificial mitral valve.
Case presentation:
A 47-year-old male known to have an artificial valve was hospitalized in another hospital due to an acute illness. Anti-coagulation therapy was not provided during that hospitalization. He was transferred to our hospital due to lower limb weakness and diagnosed by us as having extensive emboli disease with complete occlusion of the distal aorta. Multiple infarcts were found in the abdominal organs and leg muscles. He suffered from multiple organ failure and eventually died.
Conclusion:
Neglecting the common practice of anticoagulation to a patient with a mechanical heart valve may, in rare cases, lead to immediate catastrophic event caused by shower thrombemboli with disseminated vascular occlusion from the left atrium to the abdominal aorta causing complete occlusion, spleen, kidney and muscle infarcts.
Partial trisomy 4q and monosomy 5p inherited from a maternal translocationt(4;5)(q33; p15) in three adverse pregnancies
Authors: Jingbo Zhang, Bei Zhang, Tong Liu, Huihui Xie, Jingfang Zhai
Journal: Mol Cytogenet (2020)
Keywords: balanced translocation, partial trisomy 4q, monosomy 5p, cri-du-chat syndrome
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Carriers of balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocations are at known reproductive risk for offspring with unbalanced genotypes and resultantly abnormal phenotypes. Once fertilization of a balanced translocation gamete with a normal gamete, the partial monosomy or partial trisomy embryo will undergo abortion, fetal arrest or fetal malformations. We reported a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had two adverse pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis was made for her third pregnancy to provide genetic counseling and guide her fertility.
Case presentation:
We presented a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had three adverse pregnancies. Routine G banding and CNV-seq were used to analyze the chromosome karyotypes and copy number variants of amniotic fluid cells and peripheral blood. The karyotype of the woman was 46,XX,t(4;5)(q33;p15). During her first pregnancy, odinopoeia was performed due to fetal edema and abdominal fluid. The umbilical cord tissue of the fetus was examined by CNV-seq. The results showed a genomic gain of 24.18 Mb at 4q32.3-q35.2 and a genomic deletion of 10.84 Mb at 5p15.2-p15.33 and 2.36 Mb at 15q11.1-q11.2. During her second pregnancy, she did not receive a prenatal diagnosis because a routine prenatal ultrasound examination found no abnormalities. In 2016, she gave birth to a boy. The karyotype the of the boy was 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. The results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 capturing regions 5p15.2-p15.33, a copy gain of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2, a duplication of chromosome 1 at segment 1q41q42.11 and a duplication of chromosome 17 at segment 17p12. During her third pregnancy, she underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation. Chromosome karyotype hinted 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. Results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 5 at the segment 5p15.2p15.33 and a duplication of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2.
Conclusions:
Chromosomal abnormalities in three pregnancies were inherited from the mother. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is recommended to prevent the birth of children with chromosomal abnormalities.
Difficult tracheal intubation in a patient with maternal uniparental disomy 14
Authors: Kenta Furutani, Yoshie Kodera, Masataka Hiruma, Hideaki Ishii, Hiroshi Baba
Journal: JA Clin Rep (2016)
Keywords: difficult intubation, general anesthesia, maternal uniparental disomy 14

Background:
Maternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD(14)mat) is an imprinting disorder. It is a rare disease, but there is the possibility that more undiagnosed patients might exist because the clinical features of UPD(14)mat resemble those of the Prader-Willi syndrome or other congenital diseases. We performed anesthetic management for an 8-year-old girl with UPD(14)mat.
Case presentations:
She was admitted to undergo correction surgery due to symptomatic scoliosis. Preoperative examination revealed that she had a restricted mouth opening and retrognathia, as well as some typical characteristics of UPD(14)mat, such as small hands, growth retardation, and precocious puberty. We induced general anesthesia using sevoflurane without any problems. However, the tracheal intubation was difficult because of the restricted mouth opening. We used the McGRATHR MAC videolaryngoscope to overcome this problem.
Conclusions:
We speculate that the craniofacial deformity in case of UPD(14)mat patients may lead to difficulty in tracheal intubation.
Case report: Ultrasound-Assisted endovascular therapy for carotid artery floating thrombus
Authors: Peng Wang, Zhenzhen Wang, Jie Pan, Kefeng Lu, Litao Sun, Yu Geng
Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med (2022)
Keywords: carotid angioplasty and stenting, carotid endarterectomy, endovascular thrombectomy, free-floating thrombus of the carotid, ultrasound-guided intervention
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Background:
Carotid free-floating thrombus (CFFT) is a rare but sometimes emergent condition. There has been controversy over the optimal treatment strategy. Emerging evidence suggests that endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) may be an alternative to surgery. Accurate alignment of the aspiration catheter and thrombus during EVT is critical but has, so far, remained unresolved.
Case summary:
This is a rare case of CFFT presenting with acute right-sided facial droop and moderate dysarthria in a 77-year-old man. He was in sinus rhythm with a blood pressure of 110/82 mmHg. Both non-contrast CT (NCCT) and head CT angiography (CTA) were unremarkable, while whole-brain CT perfusion (WB-CTP) suggested left hemisphere core infarction. Delayed imaging of the left internal carotid system by 4D-CTA suggested severe proximal obstructive disease, as confirmed by carotid CTA and ultrasonography. The initial two aspirations under DSA were invalid due to the challenging anatomical angle between the thrombus and the catheter. The success of CFFT removal was achieved with a pressure-assisted ultrasound-guided approach that helps to compress the catheter tip toward the thrombus.
Conclusion:
We innovatively report a successful ultrasound-guided EVT for CFFT. Ultrasound assistance can provide quick and effective guidance and may guide tailored aspirations during EVT.
A Case of Atypical Delayed and Prolonged Hematologic Toxicity With Azacitidine in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) and Review of Literature
Authors: Elena Elli, Caterina Cecchetti, Angelo Belotti, Lorenza Borin, Enrico Maria Pogliani
Journal: Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis (2012)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Hypomethylating drugs are useful and have been approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML). However, phase 2 and 3 studies that assessed these agents in MDS, have included only a small number of patients with CMML, and there are just a few specific reports on CMML patients. The Azacitidine is actually authorised for the treatment of CMML patients with 10-29% marrow blasts without myeloproliferative disorder, who are not eligible for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This hypomethylating agent in MDS is known for causing transient cytopenias, most often occurring during the first 2 cycles. Here we report a case of an atypical delayed and prolonged hematologic toxicity during Azacitidine treatment in a CMML patient; furthermore we also reviewed the literature regarding the efficacy of the drug and the management of hematologic adverse effects, in term of dose adjustments or alternative schedule of administration, in specific CMML setting.
Isolated Penile Fournier's gangrene: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mohamad Moussa, Mohamed Abou Chakra
Journal: Int J Surg Case Rep (2019)
Keywords: case report, fournier’s gangrene, isolated, penile

Background:
Fournier's gangrene(FG) is a rare, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions. Penile FG is a very rare clinical entity. It is reported in only a few cases in the literature.
Case description:
We reported an unusual case of isolated penile FG of a 58-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes. Our patient presented for blackish discoloration and painful swelling of the penis associated with high-grade fever. The patient was treated with immediate surgical debridement after he received broad-spectrum antibiotics. When the wound exhibited healthy bed, we used an unexpanded, meshed, split-thickness skin graft for penile reconstruction. The recovery phase was uneventful with satisfactory cosmetic results.
Discussion:
FG is a rare necrotizing infection of the perineum and genital region with a high mortality rate that can reach up to 50% of cases. It is frequently due to polymicrobial infection. The diagnosis is often made clinically, although radiologic studies can be helpful to define the extent of the disease. The clinical features of FG include sudden pain and swelling in the scrotum or wound discharge. Isolated penile FG are documented in few cases where the corpora cavernosa are usually spared. Its presence are related to patients sexual habits or traumatic insult. Mainstays of treatment include rapid and aggressive surgical debridement of necrotized tissue, broad-spectrum antibiotic and early resuscitation.
Conclusion:
Only a few cases of penile FG have been reported. Early debridement of all necrotic tissue is the golden rule.
A Recurrent Suprapituitary Ependymal Cyst Managed by Endoscopy-Assisted Transsphenoidal Surgery in a Canine: A Case Report
Authors: László Lehner, Rita Garamvölgyi, Csaba Jakab, Zoltán Kerekes, Kálmán Czeibert
Journal: Front Vet Sci (2019)
Keywords: canine, endoscopy, ependymal cyst, hypophysectomy, transsphenoidal surgery
MeSH terms: Case Reports

A 9-years-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred for the evaluation of intermittent head tremors, obtundation, long-standing blindness, and a tendency to seek confined spaces. The dog lost its vision 6 months before the current presentation. A menace response was absent on ophthalmological examination. Neurological examination did not show any abnormalities. A cyst measuring 16 × 18 × 14 mm was observed above the pituitary gland on magnetic resonance imaging. It extended toward the frontal area and compressed the optic chiasm and hypothalamic regions. A minimum preoperative database, including the findings of other required blood tests, was prepared. No abnormal laboratory findings were observed. Endoscopy-assisted transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed to remove the pituitary gland, drain the cyst, and partially excise the cyst wall. Normal pituitary gland tissue was observed on histopathology, and the mass was found to have a neuroendocrine or ependymal origin on cytology. Strict post-operative laboratory tests were performed at 1-h intervals for 24 h. An empty sella turcica region, and a collapsed and empty cyst wall was observed on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. After 3 days of observation, the dog was discharged with a prescription of substitution therapy. However, the dog presented with the same signs and symptoms 73 days after the surgery. Cyst recurrence was apparent on magnetic resonance imaging. The owner requested euthanasia, and an ependymal cyst was observed on necropsy. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of an intra- and suprasellar ependymal cyst, and its surgical management in a canine. The findings from this case suggest that endoscopic transsphenoidal drainage and hypophysectomy could be a good surgical approach in cases where involvement of the pituitary gland is confirmed or strongly suspected on the basis of cytological and imaging findings.
Neuropsychiatric Alterations in a Patient Diagnosed with Advanced Korsakoff's Syndrome: Clinical Case of Low Incidence and Prevalence in Colombia
Authors: Carlos Alberto Hurtado Gonzalez, Sebastian Ospina Otalvaro, Carlos Steven Marmolejo Escobar, Karen Julieth Quebrada Mera, Pablo Miguel Arango de la Pava, Carlos Andres Clavijo, Lucely Ortega Bolaños, Narda Rátiva Hernández, Angelica Maria Vidal Rosero, Paola Andrea Gutierrez Lenis, Armando Lucumí, Jean Paul Cappellaro Sánchez, Angela Agudelo Zamorano, Juan Pablo Jacome, Valentina Herrera Montoya, Luis Miguel Saldarriaga, Carolina Prado Salcedo, Sharon Fabiana Alvarado Carranza, Carlos Andres Marín Hoyos, Juan Pablo Beltran Alomia, Juan Felipe Ayala Rico, Luigui Andres Torres Colorado, Julia Andrea Arias Díaz
Journal: Case Rep Med (2022)
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is an insidious and progressive neuropsychiatric disorder that affects specific neurocognitive functioning, especially in tasks that require sustained attention, memory, executive functions, and visuospatial functioning. Usually, this disease generates neuropsychiatric complications that worsen the quality of life (QOL) of patients in the medium term. We present a case of a 63-year-old male who presented with a diagnosis of advanced Korsakoff's syndrome and has a clinical history of recurrent memory loss and a history of alcohol abuse. The patient showed difficulty manipulating immediate information, associated with a possible frontal lobe dysfunction, and inability to remember material given through the auditory pathway. The patient showed a psychiatric clinical picture which is constantly worsening his and his immediate caregiver's QOL. The data obtained demonstrate that the patient presents a progressive cognitive impairment, which in the short term is correlated with Korsakoff-type dementia. It is suggested to carry out functional neurorehabilitation plans aimed at improving the QOL of the patient, his immediate caregiver, and future people with this type of diagnosis.
Spontaneous resolution of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis: reappraisal of the literature and pathogenetic insights
Authors: Giuseppe Casalino, Stefano Erba, Vasuki Sivagnanavel, Shervin Lari, Antonio Scialdone, Carlos Pavesio
Journal: GMS Ophthalmol Cases (2020)
Keywords: acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, natural course, pathogenesis, retinal imaging, syphilis
MeSH terms: Case Reports

Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC) is a rare clinical manifestation of ocular syphilis. Spontaneous resolution of this condition has been reported in a few cases. The aim of this manuscript is to report an additional case and to discuss the possible pathogenesis of this condition by reviewing the current evidence on this subject. A 45-year-old man presented to us with decreased vision in the right eye secondary to a placoid macular lesion. Fourteen days after presentation, there was a dramatic improvement of the vision, and multimodal retinal imaging showed almost complete spontaneous resolution of the placoid lesion. Syphilis serology turned out positive and a diagnosis of ASPPC was made. The pathogenesis of ASPPC is unclear, and there is contrasting evidence about the role of the cellular immune system. Since this condition may resolve spontaneously before systemic antimicrobial treatment, the presence of a placoid macular lesion should raise a high suspicion of ASPPC in order to make a timely diagnosis and to avoid progression of untreated syphilis.