# Moeda de reserva

Uma moeda de reserva é uma moeda que é utilizada em grandes quantidades, por muitos governos e instituições. É também utilizada para se estabelecerem os preços de bens comercializados no mercado global, assim como o petróleo, o ouro, propriedades, etc. Mais recentemente alguns países, especialmente na Ásia, têm acumulado enormes reservas com o propósito de fortalecer a competitividade dos seus exportadores, não permitindo a apreciação da moeda local. Também o fazem com o objectivo de conter grandes e rápidas quantidades de entrada de capitais e para amortizar grandes crises financeiras como a Crise financeira asiática.
Isto permite ao país emissor a compra de produtos a umas taxas marginalmente mais baratas que as outras nações, que têm que cambiar as suas moedas com cada compra, que têm custos de transacção. Também permite ao governo a emissão de moeda para endividar-se a uma melhor taxa, já que sempre haverá um mercado maior para esta moeda do que para as outras.
Acumulação internacional de moedas de reserva
Composição monetária das reservas cambiais oficiais (1965–2022, quarto trimestre) :
| vde | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1995 | 1990 | 1985 | 1980 | 1975 | 1970 | 1965 |
| Dólar americano | 58.36% | 58.81% | 58.92% | 60.75% | 61.76% | 62.73% | 65.36% | 65.73% | 65.14% | 61.24% | 61.47% | 62.59% | 62.14% | 62.05% | 63.77% | 63.87% | 65.04% | 66.51% | 65.51% | 65.45% | 66.50% | 71.51% | 71.13% | 58.96% | 47.14% | 56.66% | 57.88% | 84.61% | 84.85% | 72.93% |
| Euro (until 1999 - UME) | 20.47% | 20.64% | 21.29% | 20.59% | 20.67% | 20.17% | 19.14% | 19.14% | 21.20% | 24.20% | 24.05% | 24.40% | 25.71% | 27.66% | 26.21% | 26.14% | 24.99% | 23.89% | 24.68% | 25.03% | 23.65% | 19.18% | 18.29% | 8.53% | 11.64% | 14.00% | 17.46% | | | |
| Yen japonês | 5.51% | 5.57% | 6.03% | 5.87% | 5.19% | 4.90% | 3.95% | 3.75% | 3.54% | 3.82% | 4.09% | 3.61% | 3.66% | 2.90% | 3.47% | 3.18% | 3.46% | 3.96% | 4.28% | 4.42% | 4.94% | 5.04% | 6.06% | 6.77% | 9.40% | 8.69% | 3.93% | 0.61% | | |
| Libra esterlina | 4.95% | 4.78% | 4.73% | 4.64% | 4.43% | 4.54% | 4.35% | 4.71% | 3.70% | 3.98% | 4.04% | 3.83% | 3.94% | 4.25% | 4.22% | 4.82% | 4.52% | 3.75% | 3.49% | 2.86% | 2.92% | 2.70% | 2.75% | 2.11% | 2.39% | 2.03% | 2.40% | 3.42% | 11.36% | 25.76% |
| Renminbi chinês | 2.69% | 2.79% | 2.29% | 1.94% | 1.89% | 1.23% | 1.08% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dólar canadense | 2.38% | 2.38% | 2.08% | 1.86% | 1.84% | 2.03% | 1.94% | 1.77% | 1.75% | 1.83% | 1.42% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| dólar australiano | 1.96% | 1.81% | 1.83% | 1.70% | 1.63% | 1.80% | 1.69% | 1.77% | 1.59% | 1.82% | 1.46% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Franco suíço | 0.23% | 0.20% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0.16% | 0.27% | 0.24% | 0.27% | 0.21% | 0.08% | 0.13% | 0.12% | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.17% | 0.23% | 0.41% | 0.25% | 0.27% | 0.33% | 0.84% | 1.40% | 2.25% | 1.34% | 0.61% | |
| Marco alemão | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 15.75% | 19.83% | 13.74% | 12.92% | 6.62% | 1.94% | 0.17% |
| Franco francês | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2.35% | 2.71% | 0.58% | 0.97% | 1.16% | 0.73% | 1.11% |
| Florim holandês | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.32% | 1.15% | 0.78% | 0.89% | 0.66% | 0.08% | |
| Outras moedas | 3.45% | 3.01% | 2.65% | 2.51% | 2.45% | 2.43% | 2.33% | 2.86% | 2.83% | 2.84% | 3.26% | 5.49% | 4.43% | 3.04% | 2.20% | 1.83% | 1.81% | 1.74% | 1.87% | 2.01% | 1.58% | 1.31% | 1.49% | 4.87% | 4.89% | 2.13% | 1.29% | 1.58% | 0.43% | 0.03% |
| | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional | Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Fundo Monetário Internacional |