# Epitonium

Epitonium (nomeados, em inglês, wentletraps -pl.; nome derivado do alemão wendeltreppe, cujo significado, traduzido para o português, é "escada em espiral", devido à forma de suas conchas, e assim também denominadas staircase shells ou ladder shells -pl.; em português - PRT -, escalárias -pl.; em castelhano, escalas ou escalarias -pl.) é um gênero de moluscos gastrópodes, marinhos e carnívoros de cnidários, pertencente à família Epitoniidae. Foi classificado por Peter Friedrich Röding, em 1798; com sua espécie-tipo, Epitonium scalare, descrita no ano de 1758 por Lineu.

## Descrição da concha

Conchas em forma de torre, com espiral geralmente alta e coloração de branca a castanha em graus variados. Com abertura de circular a oval, sem canal sifonal e com o relevo de sua concha geralmente bem esculpido de lamelas ou costelas de crescimento, espaçadas, não sendo esta uma característica única deste gênero. Opérculo córneo e circular, com finas e poucas voltas espirais e com núcleo quase central.
* Vista superior da concha do Epitoniidae Gyroscala commutata; uma espécie que esteve denominada Epitonium lamellosum durante o século XX.

## Espécies de Epitonium

* Epitonium abyssicola (Schepman, 1909)
* Epitonium acanthopleurum (Verco, 1906)
* Epitonium acapulcanum Dall, 1917
* Epitonium aciculinum (Hinds, 1844)
* Epitonium actinariophilum (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
* Epitonium aculeatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium adjunctum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium aequale (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium agitabile (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium alabiforme Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium alatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium albidum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
* Epitonium albolineatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium algerianum (Weinkauff, 1866)
* Epitonium alizonae (Melvill, 1912)
* Epitonium amathusium (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium amiculum Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium amicum (Jousseaume, 1894)
* Epitonium amplexum Nakayama, 2003
* Epitonium anabathmos Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium angulatum (Say, 1831)
* Epitonium angulicinctum (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium angustum (Dunker, 1861)
* Epitonium antisoa (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium apiculatum (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium aranea Bonfitto, 2017
* Epitonium arcanum DuShane, 1979
* Epitonium artimi (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium atomus (E. A. Smith, 1890)
* Epitonium audouini (Jousseaume, 1894)
* Epitonium aureomaculatum (Masahito & Habe, 1973)
* Epitonium auritum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium austrocaledonicum (Montrouzier, 1859)
* Epitonium avalites (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium babylonia (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium barissum (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium beachportense (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938)
* Epitonium bellastriatum (Carpenter, 1864)
* Epitonium bellicosum Hedley, 1907
* Epitonium bengalense (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* Epitonium berryi (Dall, 1907)
* Epitonium bevdeynzerae Garcia E., 2001
* Epitonium blaisei (Barnard, 1963)
* Epitonium bonaespei (Barnard, 1963)
* Epitonium bouryi (Jousseaume, 1894)
* Epitonium boutetorum Garcia, 2016
* Epitonium brachyspeira Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium brevissimum (Seguenza, 1876)
* Epitonium bucknilli Powell, 1924
* Epitonium bulbulum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium caamanoi Dall & Bartsch, 1910
* Epitonium calideum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium californicum Dall, 1917
* Epitonium callipeplum Dall, 1919
* Epitonium candeanum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
* Epitonium candidissimum (Monterosato, 1877)
* Epitonium canna Dall, 1919
* Epitonium carchedon (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium castum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1873)
* Epitonium catalinense Dall, 1917
* Epitonium catanuense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium celesti (Aradas, 1854)
* Epitonium cerdantum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium championi Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
* Epitonium chiarae Bozzetti, 2007
* Epitonium chinglinae Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
* Epitonium christiani Bozzetti, 2008
* Epitonium christyi (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher, 1798)
* Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Epitonium clementinum (Grateloup, 1840)
* Epitonium climacotum Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium columba Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium columnella Dall, 1917
* Epitonium commodum (E. A. Smith, 1890)
* Epitonium conjunctum (Yokoyama, 1922)
* Epitonium connexum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium continens (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium cookeanum Dall, 1917
* Epitonium cophinodes (Melvill, 1904)
* Epitonium coretum (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium corniculum Y.-C. Lee & C.-W. Huang, 2016
* Epitonium coutieri (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium couturieri (de Boury, 1912)
* Epitonium crassicostatum Gittenberger & Gittenberger, 2005
* Epitonium crassum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium creberrimum (Hinds, 1844)
* Epitonium crebricostatum (Carpenter, 1864)
* Epitonium crispatum (Pease, 1868)
* Epitonium crypticocorona Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium cultellicostum (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium cumingii (Carpenter, 1856)
* Epitonium curvilineatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium dallianum (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1880)
* Epitonium deflersi (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium deificum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium denticulatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium dentiscalpium (R. B. Watson, 1883)
* Epitonium deschampsi Garcia, 2003
* Epitonium dubium (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium duocamurum Y.-C. Lee, 2001
* Epitonium durhamianum Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1951
* Epitonium eboreum (E. A. Smith, 1906)
* Epitonium eclecticum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium elenense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium elisae Bozzetti, 2007
* Epitonium eltanini (Dell, 1990)
* Epitonium emiliae (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium emydonesus Dall, 1917
* Epitonium erranum (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* Epitonium erroneum (Tapparone Canefri, 1876)
* Epitonium eulita (Dall & Simpson, 1901)
* Epitonium eusculptum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
* Epitonium eutaenium Dall, 1917
* Epitonium evanidstriatum Zelaya & Güller, 2017
* Epitonium eximiellum (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
* Epitonium eximium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* Epitonium extenuicostum (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium fabrizioi Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 1998
* Epitonium falconi Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium fasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium fauroti (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium ferminense L. G. Brown, 2019
* Epitonium ferrugineum (Mörch, 1852)
* Epitonium ferussacii (Audouin, 1826)
* Epitonium finitimum (Monterosato, 1890)
* Epitonium fischeri (R. B. Watson, 1897)
* Epitonium foliaceicosta (d'Orbigny, 1842)
* Epitonium fractum Dall, 1927
* Epitonium fragile (Hanley, 1840)
* Epitonium friabile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium frielei (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium fucatum (Pease, 1861)
* Epitonium fulvovittatum (Dautzenberg, 1890)
* Epitonium georgettinum (Kiener, 1838)
* Epitonium glabratum (Hinds, 1844)
* Epitonium gloriolum (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
* Epitonium godfreyi (Cotton, 1938)
* Epitonium goldsmithi (DuShane, 1988)
* Epitonium goniophorum (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium gracile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium graciliconfusum Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium gradaticostatum (Fenaux, 1938)
* Epitonium gradatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium gradilis (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium graviarmatum A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005
* Epitonium gravieri (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium grayi (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium habeli Dall, 1917
* Epitonium hamatulae Preston, 1915
* Epitonium hancocki DuShane, 1970
* Epitonium harimaense Makiyama, 1924
* Epitonium harpa (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium harpago Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium heloris (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium hemmesi DuShane, 1988
* Epitonium hexagonum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium hindsii (Carpenter, 1856)
* Epitonium hispidulum (Monterosato, 1874)
* Epitonium histricosum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium hueti Bozzetti, 2011
* Epitonium huffmani DuShane & McLean, 1968
* Epitonium humerosum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1901)
* Epitonium humphreysii (Kiener, 1838)
* Epitonium idalium (Melvill, 1912)
* Epitonium ilariae Bozzetti, 2007
* Epitonium illovoense (Barnard, 1963)
* Epitonium imperiale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium inaequale (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium incurvatum (Fenaux, 1938)
* Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter, 1865)
* Epitonium indistinctum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium inexpertum L. G. Brown & Weil, 1999
* Epitonium innesi (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium instrictum (E. von Martens, 1904)
* Epitonium interstriatum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905)
* Epitonium irregulare (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium ishimotoi (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
* Epitonium janae Cossignani, 2020
* Epitonium jani Segers, Swinnen & De Prins, 2009
* Epitonium japonicum (Dunker, 1861)
* Epitonium jickelii (Clessin, 1897)
* Epitonium jimpyae Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium jolyi (Monterosato, 1878)
* Epitonium jomardi (Audouin, 1826)
* Epitonium jousseaumei (de Boury, 1886)
* Epitonium juanitae Garcia, 2003
* Epitonium jukesianum (Forbes, 1852)
* Epitonium kastoroae Garcia, 2003
* Epitonium kazusense (Yokoyama, 1922)
* Epitonium kilburni Drivas & Jay, 1989
* Epitonium kiyohimae Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium klunzingeri (Clessin, 1897)
* Epitonium koshimagani (Nakayama, 1991)
* Epitonium koyamai (Nakayama, 1995)
* Epitonium kraussi (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium krebsii (Mörch, 1875)
* Epitonium labeo (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium lachrymulum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium lacrima Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium laidlawi (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium latifasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
* Epitonium latum Bozzetti, 2009
* Epitonium leali Garcia, 2011
* Epitonium liliputanum (A. Adams, 1861)
* Epitonium linctum (de Boury & Monterosato, 1890)
* Epitonium lineolatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium lowei (Dall, 1906)
* Epitonium luceo (DuShane, 1988)
* Epitonium lyra (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium macleani DuShane, 1970
* Epitonium macromphalus E. A. Smith, 1910
* Epitonium maestratii Garcia, 2003
* Epitonium malayanum (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium malcolmense (Melvill, 1898)
* Epitonium malhaensis (Jousseaume, 1894)
* Epitonium maraisi Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium margarita (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium marmoratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium matthewsae Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
* Epitonium melior (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium mellissi (E. A. Smith, 1890)
* Epitonium melvilli (Schepman, 1909)
* Epitonium millecostatum (Pease, 1861)
* Epitonium mindoroense (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium minorum (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium minutia (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium minuticostatum (de Boury, 1912)
* Epitonium mirabile Bozzetti, 2008
* Epitonium miserum (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium mitraeforme (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium moolenbeeki van Aartsen, 1996
* Epitonium morassii Bonfitto, 2017
* Epitonium mucronatum (Fenaux, 1943)
* Epitonium multicostatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium multistriatum (Say, 1826)
* Epitonium muricatum (Risso, 1826)
* Epitonium mzambanum Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium nanum (Jeffreys, 1884)
* Epitonium nautlae (Mörch, 1875)
* Epitonium nearense L. G. Brown, 2019
* Epitonium nitidella (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium nodai Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium novangliae (Couthouy, 1838)
* Epitonium obesum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1847)
* Epitonium obliquum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium obtusum (G. B. Sowerby, 1844)
* Epitonium occidentale (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium octogonum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905)
* Epitonium okezoko (Habe, 1961)
* Epitonium opeas Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium oppositum (de Boury, 1921)
* Epitonium optabile (A. Adams, 1861)
* Epitonium ossium Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium ovale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium padangense (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium pallasi (Kiener, 1838)
* Epitonium pallidizonatum (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
* Epitonium parspeciosum (Iredale, 1929)
* Epitonium parvonatrix Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium pasiphaes (Melvill, 1912)
* Epitonium paumotense (Pease, 1868)
* Epitonium perangustum (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium perfoliatum (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium perimense (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium perlucidum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium perlucidum (Fenaux, 1943)
* Epitonium philippinarum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium philtatum (R. B. Watson, 1886)
* Epitonium phymanthi R. Robertson, 1994
* Epitonium pigrum Garcia, 2011
* Epitonium platypleurum (Verco, 1906)
* Epitonium polacia (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium politum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium porrectum (Hinds, 1843)
* Epitonium profundum Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium proximum (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium psomion Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium pteroen Kilburn, 1977
* Epitonium pulchellum (Bivona, 1832)
* Epitonium pulcherrimum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium pupiforme (Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971)
* Epitonium pyramidale (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium quiquandoni Bozzetti, 2007
* Epitonium rectilaminatum (Dall, 1907)
* Epitonium reflexum (Carpenter, 1856)
* Epitonium regulare (Carpenter, 1857)
* Epitonium repandior Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium repandum Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium replicatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium reticulatum Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
* Epitonium rhips (R. B. Watson, 1897)
* Epitonium rimbogai (Masahito & Habe, 1976)
* Epitonium rissoinaeforme (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium robillardi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1894)
* Epitonium rostratum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe, 1961)
* Epitonium sallykaicherae Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium sanctaehelenae (E. A. Smith, 1890)
* Epitonium sandwichense (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium santinii Bozzetti, 2007
* Epitonium savignyi (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium sawamurai Azuma, 1960
* Epitonium sawinae (Dall, 1903)
* Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Epitonium schepmani Melvill, 1910
* Epitonium schoedei (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium semidisjunctum (Jeffreys, 1884)
* Epitonium sericifilum (Dall, 1889)
* Epitonium sexcostum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium shyorum DuShane & McLean, 1968
* Epitonium simplex (G. B. Sowerby III, 1894)
* Epitonium skoglundae DuShane, 1974
* Epitonium smithii (Tryon, 1887)
* Epitonium smriglioi Bonfitto, 2010
* Epitonium sororastra Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium sousai Bozzetti, 2008
* Epitonium sowerbyanum (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium sowerbyi Clessin, 1884
* Epitonium spirilla (Monterosato, 1890)
* Epitonium spyridion Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium stigmaticum (Pilsbry, 1911)
* Epitonium striatellum (Nyst, 1871)
* Epitonium striatissimum (Monterosato, 1878)
* Epitonium subauriculatum (Souverbie, 1866)
* Epitonium subcastum (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* Epitonium subtile (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium suprastriatum (Carpenter, 1857)
* Epitonium sykesii (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium symmetricum (Pease, 1868)
* Epitonium synekhes Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium syoichiroi Masahito & Habe, 1976
* Epitonium tabogense Dall, 1917
* Epitonium tacitum (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium taiwanicum Y.-C. Lee & W.-L. Wu, 1998
* Epitonium tamsinae Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium tenebrosum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
* Epitonium tenellum (Hutton, 1885)
* Epitonium tenue (Gray, 1826)
* Epitonium tenuicostatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium tenuiliratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874)
* Epitonium tenuipicturatum Nakayama, 2000
* Epitonium terebriforme (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium textimattum DuShane, 1977
* Epitonium texturatum (Gould, 1847)
* Epitonium thelcterium (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium thorssoni DuShane, 1988
* Epitonium thrasys (Iredale, 1936)
* Epitonium thyraeum Kilburn, 1985
* Epitonium tiberii (de Boury, 1890)
* Epitonium tiburonense Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
* Epitonium tinctorium Dall, 1919
* Epitonium tinctum (Carpenter, 1864)
* Epitonium tokyoense Kuroda, 1930
* Epitonium tollini Bartsch, 1938
* Epitonium tomlini (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium tosaense (Azuma, 1962)
* Epitonium townsendi (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* Epitonium trevelyanum (G. Johnston, 1841)
* Epitonium trochoides (de Boury, 1912)
* Epitonium tryoni (de Boury, 1913)
* Epitonium tumidulum (Thiele, 1930)
* Epitonium turritellula (Mörch, 1875)
* Epitonium turtonis (W. Turton, 1819)
* Epitonium umbilicatum (Pease, 1869)
* Epitonium unifasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium vaillanti (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium vallatum (Jousseaume, 1912)
* Epitonium venosum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
* Epitonium viaderi (Fenaux, 1938)
* Epitonium vitreum (Thiele, 1925)
* Epitonium vittatum (Jeffreys, 1884)
* Epitonium vivens Bozzetti, 2009
* Epitonium walkerianum Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1951
* Epitonium webbii (d'Orbigny, 1840)
* Epitonium willetti A. M. Strong & Hertlein, 1937
* Epitonium worsfoldi R. Robertson, 1994
* Epitonium yamakawai (Yokoyama, 1922)
* Epitonium yangi L. G. Brown, 2010
* Epitonium yemenita Bonfitto, 2017
* Epitonium yokoyamai Suzuki & Ichikawa, 1936
* Epitonium zabargadense Bonfitto, 2017
* Epitonium zatrephes (Melvill, 1910)
* Epitonium zeteki Dall, 1917