# Pholcus

Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 é um género de aranhas pertencentes à família Pholcidae, com cerca de 125 espécies, que inclui algumas aranhas domésticas, nomeadamente a espécie P. phalangioides.

## Descrição

As espécies pertencentes ao género Pholcus caracterizam-se por corpos comparativamente pequenos, com 4 a 15 mm de comprimento, pernas longas e com aspecto frágil. Coloração variável, mas predominando os tons de castanho, frequentemente com marcas distintivas no cefalotórax e abdómen. Os animais podem viver até aos 3 anos de idade. A postura é composta em geral por algumas dezenas de ovos, envoltos num casulo fino que é transportado nos pedipalpos da fêmea até à eclosão.
O género Pholcus é encontrada principalmente em climas quentes. As regiões onde o táxon apresenta maior biodiversidade são a China, a Ásia Central, o Sueste da Ásia e a Ásia Menor, embora esteja representado na Austrália, África e Américas. Algumas espécias apresentam marcada sinantropia, tendendo para o cosmopolitismo, com destaque para Pholcus phalangioides e Pholcus opilionides.
As espécies deste género são acribeladas, construindo teias tridimensionais difusas, constituídas por seda não adesiva, embora extremamente elástica e adaptada a climas quentes e húmidos.

## Taxonomia

The World Spider Catalog 13.0 aponta as seguintes espécies:
* Pholcus abstrusus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus acerosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
* Pholcus acutulus Paik, 1978
* Pholcus aduncus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus afghanus Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus agadir Huber, 2011
* Pholcus agilis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus alloctospilus Zhu & Gong, 1991
* Pholcus alpinus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932
* Pholcus amani Huber, 2011
* Pholcus anachoreta Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
* Pholcus ancoralis L. Koch, 1865
* Pholcus andulau Huber, 2011
* Pholcus anlong Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
* Pholcus arayat Huber, 2011
* Pholcus arkit Huber, 2011
* Pholcus armeniacus Senglet, 1974
* Pholcus arsacius Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus atrigularis (Simon, 1901)
* Pholcus attuleh Huber, 2011
* Pholcus babao Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus bailongensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus baka Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bakweri Huber, 2011
* Pholcus baldiosensis Wunderlich, 1992
* Pholcus bamboutos Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bangfai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bantouensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus batepa Huber, 2011
* Pholcus beijingensis Zhu & Song, 1999
* Pholcus berlandi Millot, 1941
* Pholcus bessus Zhu & Gong, 1991
* Pholcus bicornutus Simon, 1892
* Pholcus bidentatus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Chen, 2005
* Pholcus bikilai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bimbache Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
* Pholcus bing Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus bohorok Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bolikhamsai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus bourgini Millot, 1941
* Pholcus brevis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus calcar Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus calligaster Thorell, 1895
* Pholcus camba Huber, 2011
* Pholcus caspius Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus ceheng Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
* Pholcus chang Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus chappuisi Fage, 1936
* Pholcus chattoni Millot, 1941
* Pholcus cheaha Huber, 2011
* Pholcus chiangdao Huber, 2011
* Pholcus chicheng Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus choctaw Huber, 2011
* Pholcus cibodas Huber, 2011
* Pholcus circularis Kraus, 1960
* Pholcus clavatus Schenkel, 1936
* Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu & Song, 1999
* Pholcus cophenius Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus corcho Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus corniger Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
* Pholcus crassipalpis Spassky, 1937
* Pholcus crassus Paik, 1978
* Pholcus creticus Senglet, 1971
* Pholcus crypticolens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
* Pholcus cuneatus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus dade Huber, 2011
* Pholcus dali Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus datan Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus decorus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus debilis (Thorell, 1899)
* Pholcus dentatus Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus dieban Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus diopsis Simon, 1901
* Pholcus dixie Huber, 2011
* Pholcus djelalabad Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus doucki Huber, 2011
* Pholcus dungara Huber, 2001
* Pholcus edentatus Campos & Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus elongatus (Yin & Wang, 1981)
* Pholcus elymaeus Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus erewan Huber, 2011
* Pholcus ethagala Huber, 2011
* Pholcus exceptus Tong & Li, 2009
* Pholcus exilis Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus extumidus Paik, 1978
* Pholcus fagei Kratochvíl, 1940
* Pholcus faveauxi (Lawrence, 1967)
* Pholcus fengcheng Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907
* Pholcus fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992
* Pholcus gangziensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren, 1994
* Pholcus genuiformis Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus gombak Huber, 2011
* Pholcus gomerae Wunderlich, 1980
* Pholcus gosuensis Kim & Lee, 2004
* Pholcus gracillimus Thorell, 1890
* Pholcus guadarfia Dimitrov & Ribera, 2007
* Pholcus guani Song & Ren, 1994
* Pholcus gui Zhu & Song, 1999
* Pholcus guineensis Millot, 1941
* Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011
* Pholcus hamatus Tong & Ji, 2010
* Pholcus harveyi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus helenae Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus henanensis Zhu & Mao, 1983
* Pholcus hieroglyphicus Pavesi, 1883
* Pholcus higoensis Irie & Ono, 2008
* Pholcus hoyo Huber, 2011
* Pholcus huapingensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus huberi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus hurau Huber, 2011
* Pholcus hyrcanus Senglet, 1974
* Pholcus hytaspus Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus imbricatus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus intricatus Dimitrov & Ribera, 2003
* Pholcus jaegeri Huber, 2011
* Pholcus jiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus jinniu Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus jinwum Huber, 2001
* Pholcus jiulong Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus jiuwei Tong & Ji, 2010
* Pholcus jixianensis Zhu & Yu, 1983
* Pholcus joreongensis Seo, 2004
* Pholcus jusahi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kakum Huber, 2009
* Pholcus kamkaly Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kandahar Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus kangding Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus kapuri Tikader, 1977
* Pholcus karawari Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kerinci Huber, 2011
* Pholcus khene Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kihansi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kimi Song & Zhu, 1994
* Pholcus kinabalu Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kindia Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kingi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus knoeseli Wunderlich, 1992
* Pholcus koah Huber, 2001
* Pholcus koasati Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kohi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kribi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kui Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus kunming Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus kwamgumi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus kwanaksanensis Namkung & Kim, 1990
* Pholcus kwangkyosanensis Kim & Park, 2009
* Pholcus kyondo Huber, 2011
* Pholcus laksao Huber, 2011
* Pholcus lambertoni Millot, 1946
* Pholcus lamperti Strand, 1907
* Pholcus lanieri Huber, 2011
* Pholcus ledang Huber, 2011
* Pholcus leruthi Lessert, 1935
* Pholcus lexuancanhi Yao, Pham & Li, 2012
* Pholcus lijiangensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus lilangai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
* Pholcus linzhou Zhang & Zhang, 2000
* Pholcus liui Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus liutu Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus lualaba Huber, 2011
* Pholcus luding Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus luki Huber, 2011
* Pholcus lupanga Huber, 2011
* Pholcus madeirensis Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus magnus Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus malpaisensis Wunderlich, 1992
* Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937
* Pholcus mao Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus maronita Brignoli, 1977
* Pholcus mascaensis Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus maturata Huber, 2011
* Pholcus mazumbai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus mbuti Huber, 2011
* Pholcus mecheria Huber, 2011
* Pholcus medicus Senglet, 1974
* Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
* Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu, 1999
* Pholcus mentawir Huber, 2011
* Pholcus mianshanensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus minang Huber, 2011
* Pholcus mirabilis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus moca Huber, 2011
* Pholcus montanus Paik, 1978
* Pholcus multidentatus Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus muralicola Maughan & Fitch, 1976
* Pholcus nagasakiensis Strand, 1918
* Pholcus namkhan Huber, 2011
* Pholcus namou Huber, 2011
* Pholcus negara Huber, 2011
* Pholcus nenjukovi Spassky, 1936
* Pholcus nkoetye Huber, 2011
* Pholcus nodong Huber, 2011
* Pholcus obscurus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus oculosus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
* Pholcus okgye Huber, 2011
* Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)
* Pholcus ornatus Bösenberg, 1895
* Pholcus otomi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus ovatus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus pagbilao Huber, 2011
* Pholcus pakse Huber, 2011
* Pholcus papilionis Peng & Zhang, 2011
* Pholcus paralinzhou Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus parayichengicus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus parkyeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2009
* Pholcus parthicus Senglet, 2008
* Pholcus parvus Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005
* Pholcus persicus Senglet, 1974
* Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)
* Pholcus phoenixus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus phui Huber, 2011
* Pholcus phungiformes Oliger, 1983
* Pholcus pojeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2008
* Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875
* Pholcus pyu Huber, 2011
* Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
* Pholcus quinghaiensis Song & Zhu, 1999
* Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878
* Pholcus reevesi Huber, 2011
* Pholcus roquensis Wunderlich, 1992
* Pholcus ruteng Huber, 2011
* Pholcus saaristoi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011
* Pholcus satun Huber, 2011
* Pholcus schwendingeri Huber, 2011
* Pholcus sepaku Huber, 2011
* Pholcus shangrila Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus shuangtu Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994
* Pholcus silvai Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus simbok Huber, 2011
* Pholcus singalang Huber, 2011
* Pholcus socheunensis Paik, 1978
* Pholcus sogdianae Brignoli, 1978
* Pholcus sokkrisanensis Paik, 1978
* Pholcus songi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus songxian Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus soukous Huber, 2011
* Pholcus spasskyi Brignoli, 1978
* Pholcus spiliensis Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus spilis Zhu & Gong, 1991
* Pholcus steineri Huber, 2011
* Pholcus strandi Caporiacco, 1941
* Pholcus sublingulatus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus suboculosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
* Pholcus subwuyiensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus sudhami Huber, 2011
* Pholcus suizhongicus Zhu & Song, 1999
* Pholcus sumatraensis Wunderlich, 1995
* Pholcus sveni Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus taarab Huber, 2011
* Pholcus tahai Huber, 2011
* Pholcus taibaiensis Wang & Zhu, 1992
* Pholcus taibeli Caporiacco, 1949
* Pholcus taishan Song & Zhu, 1999
* Pholcus taita Huber, 2011
* Pholcus tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1987
* Pholcus thakek Huber, 2011
* Pholcus tongi Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus triangulatus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
* Pholcus tuoyuan Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus turcicus Wunderlich, 1980
* Pholcus tuyan Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus twa Huber, 2011
* Pholcus undatus Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus varirata Huber, 2011
* Pholcus vatovae Caporiacco, 1940
* Pholcus velitchkovskyi Kulczynski, 1913
* Pholcus vesculus Simon, 1901
* Pholcus wahehe Huber, 2011
* Pholcus wangi Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus wangtian Tong & Ji, 2010
* Pholcus wangxidong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus woongil Huber, 2011
* Pholcus wuling Tong & Li, 2010
* Pholcus wuyiensis Zhu & Gong, 1991
* Pholcus xiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus xingren Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
* Pholcus xingyi Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
* Pholcus yangi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus yeongwol Huber, 2011
* Pholcus yi Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus yichengicus Zhu, Tu & Shi, 1986
* Pholcus yoshikurai Irie, 1997
* Pholcus youngae Huber, 2011
* Pholcus yuantu Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus yugong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus yunnanensis Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus zham Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
* Pholcus zhangae Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus zhui Yao & Li, 2012
* Pholcus zhuolu Zhang & Zhu, 2009
* Pholcus zichyi Kulczynski, 1901

## Veja também

* Portia labiata