# Sistema de Bentham e Hooker

O sistema de classificação de Bentham & Hooker, para as espermatófitas, é uma das mais importantes classificações botânicas do século XIX.
Ela foi publicada por George Bentham (1800-1884) e Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911), em 3 volumes, de 1862 a 1883, sob o título de Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (online em site de Gallica).
Os grupos principais nesta classificação são:
* DICOTYLEDONES
    POLYPETALÆ
       Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
       Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
       Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
    GAMOPETALÆ
       Series 1. INFERÆ
       Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
       Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
    MONOCHLAMYDEÆ
* GYMNOSPERMEÆ
* MONOCOTYLEDONES

## Famílias e ordens na classificação de Bentham e Hooker

De notar que este sistema foi publicado bem antes de serem adoptadas internacionalmente as regras da nomenclatura botânica. Indicam-se as famílias por "ordem"; uma ordemindica-se por "cohortes" (no primeiro dos dois volumes) ou "series" (no terceiro volume); nesse primeiro volume, “series” referia-se a um taxa acima da ordem.
* DICOTYLEDONES
    POLYPETALÆ
    SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
       COHORS I. RANALES
          I. RANUNCULACEÆ
          II. DILLENIACEÆ
          III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
          IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
          V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
          VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
          VII. BERBERIDEÆ
          VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
       COHORS II. PARIETALES
          IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
          X. PAPAVERACEÆ
          XI. CRUCIFERÆ
          XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
          XIII. RESEDACEÆ
          XIV. CISTINEÆ
          XV. VIOLARIEÆ
          XVI. CANELLACEÆ
          XVII. BIXINEÆ
       COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
          XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
          XIX. TREMANDREÆ
          XX. POLYGALÆ
          XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
       COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
          XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
          XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
          XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
          XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
       COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
          XXV. ELATINEÆ
          XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
          XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
          XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
          XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
          XXX. CHLENACEÆ
       COHORS VI. MALVALES
          XXXI. MALVACEÆ
          XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
          XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
    SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
       COHORS VII. GERANIALES
          XXXIV LINEÆ
          XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
          XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
          XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
          XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
          XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
          XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
          XLI. OCHNACEÆ
          XLII. BURSERACEÆ
          XLIII. MELIACEÆ
          XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
       COHORS VIII. OLACALES
          XLV. OLACINEÆ
          XLVI. ILICINEÆ
       COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
          XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
          XLVIII. STACKHOUSIEÆ
          XLIX. RHAMNEÆ
          L. AMPELIDEÆ
       COHORS X. SAPINDALES
          LI. SAPINDACEÆ
          LII. SABIACEÆ
          LIII. ANACARDIACEÆ
       Incertae sedis
          LIV. CORIARIÆ
          LV. MORINGEÆ
    SERIES III. CALYCIFLORÆ
       COHORS XI. ROSALES
          LVI. CONNARACEÆ
          LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
          LVIII. ROSACEÆ
          LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
          LX. CRASSULACEÆ
          LXI. DROSERACEÆ
          LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
          LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
          LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
       COHORS XII. MYRTALES
          LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
          LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
          LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
          LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
          LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
          LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
       COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
          LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
          LXXII. LOASEÆ
          LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
          LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
          LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
          LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
          LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
       COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
          LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
          LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
       COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
          LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
          LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
          LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
    GAMOPETALÆ
    SERIES I. INFERÆ
       COHORS I. RUBIALES
          LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
          LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
       COHORS II. ASTERALES
          LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
          LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
          LXXXVII. CALYCEREÆ
          LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
       COHORS III. CAMPANALES
          LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
          LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
          XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
    SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
       COHORS IV. ERICALES
          XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
          XCIII. ERICACEÆ
          XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
          XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
          XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
          XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
       COHORS V. PRIMULALES
          XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
          XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
          C. MYRSINEÆ
       COHORS VI. EBENALES
          CI. SAPOTACEÆ
          CII. EBENACEÆ
          CIII. STYRACEÆ
    SERIES III. BICARPELLATÆ
       COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
          CIV. OLEACEÆ
          CV. SALVADORACEÆ
          CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
          CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
          CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
          CIX. GENTIANEÆ
       COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
          CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
          CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
          CXII. BORAGINEÆ
          CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
          CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
       COHORS IX. PERSONALES
          CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
          CXVI. OROBANCHACEÆ
          CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
          CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
          CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
          CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
          CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
          CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
       COHORS X. LAMIALES
          CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
          CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
          CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
          CXXVI. LABIATÆ
       incertae sedis
          CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
    MONOCHLAMYDEÆ
       Series I. Curvembryeæ
          CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
          CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
          CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
          CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
          CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
          CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
          CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
       Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
          CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ [sic]
       Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
          CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
          CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
          CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
       Series IV. Micrembryeæ
          CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
          CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
          CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
          CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
       Series V. Daphnales
          CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
          CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
          CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
          CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
          CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
       Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
          CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
          CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
          CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
       Series VII. Unisexuales
          CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
          CLII. BALANOPEÆ
          CLIII. URTICACEÆ
          CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
          CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
          CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
          CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
          CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
          CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
       Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
          CLX. SALICINEÆ
          CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
          CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
          CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
* GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic]
          CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
          CLXV. CONIFERÆ
          CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ
* MONOCOTYLEDONES
       Series I. Microspermæ
          CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ
          CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
          CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ
       Series II Epigynæ
          CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ
          CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ
          CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ
          CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ
          CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ
          CLXXV. TACCACEÆ
          CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ
       Series III Coronarieæ
          CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ
          CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ
          CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ
          CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ
          CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ
          CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ
          CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ
          CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ
       Series VI Calycineæ
          CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
          CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
          CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
       Series V. Nudifloreæ
          CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
          CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
          CXC TYPHACEÆ
          CXCI. AROIDEÆ
          CXCII. LEMNACEÆ
       Series VI. Apocarpæ
          CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
          CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ
          CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
       Series VII. Glumaceæ
          CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
          CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ
          CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
          CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
          CC. GRAMINEÆ