# Reino de Alba

O Reino de Alba é referente ao período do Reino da Escócia compreendido entre a morte de Donald II, ano 900, e a de Alexandre III em 1286 que levou às Guerras de independência da Escócia. Alba é o nome em gaélico escocês da Escócia e é utilizado precisamente por nesta época ser a elite de cultura gaélica e mais tarde normando-escocesa, em contraposição com a época dos Stuarts na que a elite era na sua maior parte de cultura anglo.

## Corte

Não se conhece a estrutura da Corte escocesa antes da chegada dos normandos à Escócia. No século XII os principais cargos da Corte eram:
* Senescal ou dapifer, hereditários desde o reinado de David I, tinha ao seu cuidado a casa do rei.
* Chanceler, tinha ao seu cargo a capela real que estava associada com os copistas reais, responsáveis de manter a documentação. Era um sacerdote.
* Chamberlain, tinha o controle e a responsabilidade das finanças reais.
* Condestável, hereditário desde David I, tinha a seu cargo os recursos militares da coroa.
* Mordomo
* Marechal, era o responsável da cavalaria real.
No século XIII, todos os oficios exceto o de chanceler tenderam a ser hereditários ao tempo que se criaram outros oficios, o mais importante era o hostarius, a cargo da guarda real.

## Origem

Donald II foi o primeiro que recebeu o nome de rei de Alba (rí Alban), concretamente à sua morte no castelo de Dunnottar no ano 900. Os seus predecessores recebiam o nome de reis dos pictos ou rei de Fortriu.

## Fontes
### Fontes primárias

* Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922)
* Anderson, Alan Orr, Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286, (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991)
* Gerald of Wales, The History and Topography of Ireland, tr. John O' Meary, (London, 1982)
* Guillaume le Clerc, Fergus of Galloway, tr. D.D.R. Owen, (London, 1991)
* Skene, William F. (ed.), Chronicles of the Picts and Scots: And Other Memorials of Scottish History, (Edinburgh, 1867)

### Fontes secundárias

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* Broun, Dauvit, "Dunkeld and the origin of Scottish identity", in Innes Review 48 (1997), pp. 112–24, reprinted in Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots, eds. Broun and Clancy (1999), pp. 95–111
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* McDonald, R. Andrew, "Old and new in the far North: Ferchar Maccintsacairt and the early earls of Ross" in Steve Boardman and Alasdair Ross (eds.) The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, c. 1200–1500, (Dublin/Portland, 2003)
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* MacLeod, W., Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland: c. 1200–1650, (Oxford, 2004)
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* Owen, D.D.R., The Reign of William the Lion: Kingship and Culture, 1143–1214, (East Linton, 1997)
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* Stringer, Keith J., "The Emergence of a Nation-State, 1100–1300", in Jenny Wormald (ed.), Scotland: A History, (Oxford, 2005), pp. 38–76
* Young, Alan, "Buchan in the 13th century" in Alexander Grant & Keith J. Stringer (eds.) Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community Essays Presented to G.W.S Barrow, (Edinburgh, 1993)