# Beervlinders

De beervlinders (Arctiinae) zijn een onderfamilie van de spinneruilen (Erebidae). De onderfamilie telt 8.000 tot 11.000 soorten. Veel soorten hebben harige rupsen, iets waar zowel de Nederlandse als de wetenschappelijke naam naar verwijst (gr.: αρκτος = een beer).

## Kenmerken

Deze forse vlinders hebben een harig lichaam, soms met heldere kleuren of veel zwarte vlekken. De voorvleugels hebben meestal een cryptisch patroon; de achtervleugels een contrastrijk patroon met felle kleuren. De dieren waarschuwen roofvijanden daarmee voor hun giftigheid en oneetbaarheid. De spanwijdte varieert van 2 tot 7 cm.

## Leefwijze

Deze hoofdzakelijk 's nachts actieve vlinders drinken honing en andere vloeistoffen. Wanneer de rupsen gestoord worden, rollen ze zich vaak in een spiraal op. Ze kunnen zich, vergeleken met andere rupsensoorten, vrij snel bewegen. Ze komen vooral op kruiden voor. De dichtbehaarde rupsen zijn herbivoor en vaak giftig.

## Voortplanting

Het verpoppen gebeurt in een luchtig spinsel in de grond. Hierin verwerken ze de lange rupsharen. De eitjes worden op of rond waardplanten afgezet.

## Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze familie komt wereldwijd voor in rijkbegroeide landschappen, waarin de waardplant voorkomt.

## Giftigheid

Sommige soorten produceren gifstoffen en worden hierom door andere dieren niet gegeten. Bij sommige soorten kan de vlinder achter de kop gele bloedvloeistof naar buiten persen. De kleur en vermoedelijk geur hiervan hebben nog een afstotend effect. Andere imiteren de kleuren van deze giftige exemplaren en profiteren van de oneetbaarheid van deze soorten (mimicry).

## Taxonomie

In 2005 en 2006 is een flinke discussie ontstaan over de indeling van de Noctuoidea. In 2010 resulteerde dit in dat de familie van de beervlinders als onderfamilie in de familie spinneruilen (Erebidae) werd geplaatst, teneinde te komen tot een monofyletische indeling. Deze indeling kan inmiddels op brede steun rekenen onder taxonomen en werd door Van Nieukerken et al. gevolgd in hun overzicht van 2011.

### Geslachtengroepen

* Arctiini
** Arctiina
** Callimorphina
** Ctenuchina
** Euchromiina
** Micrarctiina
** Nyctemerina
** Perocopina
** Phaegopterina
** Spilosomina
* Lithosiini
** Lithosiina
** Acsalina
** Cisthenina
** Endrosina
** Eudesmiina
** Nudariina
** Phryganopterygina
* Syntomini

### Enkele geslachten

(Indicatie van aantallen soorten per geslacht tussen haakjes)
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* David Burnie (2001). Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
* 1 2 Nieukerken, Erik J. van et al. (2011). Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness Zootaxa, 3148: 212-221 - zie noot 71
* ↑ Beervlinders bij Soortenbank.nl
* ↑ Zahiri, R., Kitching, I.J., Lafontaine, J.D., Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., Holloway, J.D. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Zoologica scripta DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00459.x
* ↑ Volynkin, A.V., Dubatolov, V.V. & Kishida, Y. (2017) Barsura Volynkin, Dubatolov & Kishida, gen. nov., with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), Zootaxa 4299 (1), pp. -1--1: -1