# Danainae

De Danainae of monarchvlinders vormen een onderfamilie van vlinders in de familie Nymphalidae. Het taxon heeft bij sommige auteurs de status van zelfstandige familie, onder de naam Danaidae. Wereldwijd zijn er inmiddels zo'n 300 soorten in deze onderfamilie beschreven. De indeling in tribus, subtribus en geslachten in dit artikel volgt die van de Nymphalidae Systematics Group. De synonymie volgt die van Ackery & Vane-Wright (1984) en Lamas (2004).

## Geslachtengroepen en geslachten
### Danaini Boisduval, 1833
#### Danaina

* Danaus Kluk, 1780
** = Danaida Latreille, 1804
** = Limnas Hübner, 1806
** = Anosia Hübner, 1816
** = Festivus Crotch, 1872
** = Salatura Moore, 1880
** = Nasuma Moore, 1883
** = Tasitia Moore, 1883
** = Danaomorpha Kremky, 1925
** = Panlymnas Bryk, 1937
** = Diogas d'Almeida, 1938
* Tiradelphe Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984
* Tirumala Moore, 1880
** = Melinda Moore, 1883
** = Elsa Honrath, 1892
* Danaus affinis
* Danaus chrysippus Kleine monarchvlinder
* Danaus gilippus
* Danaus plexippus Monarchvlinder
* Tirumala limniace
* Tirumala septentrionis

#### Amaurina Le Cerf, 1921

* Amauris Hübner, 1816
** = Amaura Geyer, 1837
** = Conoploea Guenée, 1865
** = Cadytis Moore, 1883
** = Berethis Moore, 1883
** = Nebroda Moore, 1883
** = Amaurina Aurivillius, 1910
** = Panamauris Bryk, 1937
** = Egialea Hemming, 1964
* Ideopsis Horsfield, 1857
** = Radena Moore, 1880
** = Gamana Moore, 1883
** = Aianthis Fruhstorfer, 1910
* Miriamica Vane-Wright, Boppré & Ackery, 2002
* Parantica Moore, 1880
** = Chittira Moore, 1880
** = Caduga Moore, 1882
** = Lintorata Moore, 1883
** = Ravadeba Moore, 1883
** = Bahora Moore, 1883
** = Phirdana Moore, 1883
** = Asthipa Moore, 1883
** = Mangalisa Moore, 1883
** = Caduga Moore, 1883
** = Badacara Moore, 1890
** = Chlorochropsis Rothschild, 1892
* Amauris niavius
* Amauris phoedon
* Ideopsis similis
* Parantica aglea
* Parantica aglea
* Parantica sita

#### Euploeina Moore, 1880

* Euploea Fabricius, 1807
** = Crastia Hübner, 1816
** = Trepsichrois Hübner, 1816
** = Salpinx Hübner, 1819
** = Eudaemon Billberg, 1820
** = Calliploea Butler, 1875
** = Macroploea Butler, 1878
** = Stictoploea Butler, 1878
** = Isamia Moore, 1880
** = Narmada Moore, 1880
** = Nipara Moore, 1883
** = Vonona Moore, 1883
** = Oranasma Moore, 1883
** = Patosa Moore, 1883
** = Sarobia Moore, 1883
** = Vadebra Moore, 1883 non Vadebra Moore, 1884 (= Rapala; Nymphalidae)
** = Lontara Moore, 1883
** = Gamatoba Moore, 1883
** = Menama Moore, 1883
** = Tronga Moore, 1883
** = Adigama Moore, 1883
** = Sabanosa Moore, 1883
** = Andasena Moore, 1883
** = Chanapa Moore, 1883
** = Deragena Moore, 1883
** = Betanga Moore, 1883
** = Bibisana Moore, 1883
** = Penoa Moore, 1883
** = Mahintha Moore, 1883
** = Karadira Moore, 1883
** = Pramasa Moore, 1883
** = Tagata Moore, 1883
** = Pramesta Moore, 1883
** = Rasuma Moore, 1883
** = Chirosa Moore, 1883
** = Mestapra Moore, 1883
** = Glinama Moore, 1883
** = Danisepa Moore, 1883
** = Satanga Moore, 1883
** = Saphara Moore, 1883
** = Tabada Moore, 1883
** = Selinda Moore, 1883
** = Hirdapa Moore, 1883
** = Pademma Moore, 1883
** = Nacamsa Moore, 1883
** = Tiruna Moore, 1883
** = Anadara Moore, 1883 non Anadara Gray, 1847 (Bivalvia)
** = Doricha Moore, 1883
* Idea Fabricius, 1807
** = Hestia Hübner, 1816
** = Nectaria Billberg, 1820
** = Sabalassa Moore, 1883
* Protoploea Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984
* Euploea alcathoe
* Euploea core
* Idea leuconoe
* Idea malabarica

#### Itunina Reuter, 1896

* Lycorea Doubleday, 1847
** = Lycorella Hemming, 1933 overbodig nomen novum voor Lycorea Doubleday, 1847
** = Ituna Doubleday, 1847
** = Clothildinae Reuter, 1896
* Anetia Hübner, 1823
** = Anelia Hübner, 1823 (spellingsafwijking)
** = Clothilda Blanchard, 1840
** = Synalpe Boisduval, 1870
* † Archaeolycorea Martins, 1989
* Lycorea cleobaea
* Lycorea halia
* Anetia thirza

### Tellervini Fruhstorfer, 1910

* Tellervo Kirby, 1894
** = Hamadryas Boisduval, 1832 non Hamadryas Hübner, 1806

### Ithomiini Godman & Salvin, 1879

noot: deze tribus is ook wel als aparte onderfamilie Ithomiinae opgevat, en als de Danaidae als familie worden beschouwd zelfs als aparte familie Ithomiidae.

#### Ithomiina

* Ithomia Hübner, 1816
* Pagyris Boisduval, 1870
** = Miraleria Haensch, 1903
* Placidula d'Almeida, 1922
** = Placidina d'Almeida, 1928
* Ithomia diasia

#### Tithoreina Fox, 1940

* Tithorea Doubleday, 1847
** = Hirsutis Haensch, 1909
* Aeria Hübner, 1816
* Elzunia Bryk, 1937
* Tithorea harmonia
* Aeria olena

#### Melinaeina Clark, 1947

* Melinaea Hübner, 1816
** = Czakia Kremky, 1925
* Athesis Doubleday, 1847
** = Roswellia Fox, 1948
* Athyrtis Felder & Felder, 1862
* Eutresis Doubleday, 1847
* Olyras Doubleday, 1847
* Paititia Lamas, 1979
* Patricia Fox, 1940
* Melinaea ludovica
* Melinaea mneme
* Melinaea scylax
* Athesis acrisione

#### Mechanitina Bar, 1878

* Mechanitis Fabricius, 1807
** = Nereis Hübner, 1806 non Nereis Linnaeus, 1758 (Polychaeta)
** = Hymenitis Illiger, 1807
** = Epimetes Billberg, 1820
* Forbestra Fox, 1967
* Methona Doubleday, 1847
** = Gelotophye d'Almeida, 1940
* Sais Hübner, 1816
* Scada Kirby, 1871
** = Salacia Hübner, 1823 non Salacia Lamouroux, 1816 (Hydrozoa)
** = Heteroscada Schatz, 1886
* Thyridia Hübner, 1816
** = Xanthocleis Boisduval, 1870
** = Aprotopus Kirby, 1871
** = Aprotopos Kirby, 1871
* Mechanitis polymnia
* Methona confusa
* Thyridia psidii

#### Napeogenina Fox, 1956

* Napeogenes Bates, 1862
** = Ceratonia Boisduval, 1870 non Ceratonia Costa, 1839 (Mammalia)
** = Choridis Boisduval, 1870
* Aremfoxia Réal, 1971
* Epityches d'Almeida, 1938
** = Tritonia Geyer, 1832 non Tritonia Cuvier, 1798 (Nudibranchia)
* Hyalyris Boisduval, 1870
** = Oreogenes Stichel, 1899
* Hypothyris Hübner, 1821
** = Dynothea Reakirt, 1866
** = Mansueta d'Almeida, 1922
** = Pseudomechanitis Röber, 1930
** = Garsauritis d'Almeida, 1938
** = Rhodussa d'Almeida, 1939
* Napeogenes rhezia
* Hyalyris coeno
* Hypothyris ninonia

#### Oleriina Fox, 1956

* Oleria Hübner, 1816
** = Leucothyris Boisduval, 1870
** = Ollantaya Brown & Freitas, 1994
* Hyposcada Godman & Salvin, 1879
* Megoleria Constantino, 1999
* Oleria ilerdina
* Hyposcada illinissa

#### Dircennina d'Almeida, 1941

* Dircenna Doubleday, 1847
* Callithomia Bates, 1862
** = Cleodis Boisduval, 1870
** = Epithomia Godman & Salvin, 1879
** = Corbulis Boisduval, 1870
** = Leithomia Masters, 1973
* Ceratinia Hübner, 1816
** = Calloleria Godman & Salvin, 1879
** = Epileria Rebel, 1902
** = Teracinia Röber, 1910
* Episcada Godman & Salvin, 1879
** = Ceratiscada Brown & d'Almeida, 1970
** = Prittwitzia Brown, Mielke & Ebert, 1970
* Haenschia Lamas, 2004
* Hyalenna Forbes, 1942
* Pteronymia Butler & Druce, 1872
** = Ernicornis Capronnier, 1874
** = Parapteronymia Kremky, 1925
** = Talamancana Haber, Brown & Freitas, 1994
* Ceratinia neso

#### Godyridina d'Almeida, 1941

* Godyris Boisduval, 1870
** = Dismenitis Haensch, 1903
** = Dygoris Fox, 1945
* Brevioleria Lamas, 2004
* Greta Hemming, 1934
** = Hypomenitis Fox, 1945
** = Hymenitis Hübner, 1816 non Hymenitis Illiger, 1807
* Heterosais Godman & Salvin, 1880
** = Rhadinoptera d'Almeida, 1922
* Hypoleria Godman & Salvin, 1879
** = Pigritia d'Almeida, 1922 non Pigritia Clemens, 1860 (Gelechioidea)
** = Pigritina Hedicke, 1923 nomen novum voor Pigritia d'Almeida, 1922
** = Heringia d'Almeida, 1924 nomen novum voor Pigritia d'Almeida, 1922, non Heringia Rondani, 1856 (Syrphidae)
* Mcclungia Fox, 1940
* Pseudoscada Godman & Salvin, 1879
** = Languida d'Almeida, 1922
* Veladyris Fox, 1945
* Velamysta Haensch, 1909
* Greta morgane
* Greta oto
* ↑ The higher classification of Nymphalidae op Nymphalidae.net, de website van de Nymphalidae Systematics Group.
* ↑ Ackery, P.R. & Vane-Wright, R.I. (1984). Milkweed butterflies, their cladistics and biology; British Museum (Natural History)
* ↑ Lamas, G. (2004). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea.
* ↑ Deze naam zou volgens De-Silva (2010) in ere hersteld moeten worden als zelfstandig geslacht, zie De-Silva, D.L. et AL. (2010). Molecular phylogenetics of the neotropical butterfly subtribe Oleriina (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55: 1032-1041.